fENNiAL History OF THE EVANGELICAL UTHERAN SYNOD OF MARYLAND 1820 1920 WENTZ THE LIBRARIES Bequest of Frederic Bancroft 1860-1945 HISTORY OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SYNOD of MARYLAND OF THE UNITED LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMERICA 1820 - 1920 BY REV. PROF. ABDEL ROSS WENTZ, Ph.D. Professor of Church History in the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, Curator of the Lutheran Historical Society, Author of ^^ The German Element in York County, Pennsylvania. " TOGETHER WITH A Brief Sketch of Each Congregation of the Synod AND Biographies of the Living Sons of the Synod in the Ministry Edited by the Same Author PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE SYNOD BY THE E V A l4 & E. t? C AL P R £ S S - ^i.iRRIijBtJ.^G' ' 1920 ^ •v v\|' "Remember the days of old: consider the years of many generations." — Deut. 32: 7. "The Lord of Hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge." — Psalm 46: 7. '-mm. in Foreword The Lutheran Cliureh in America lias a history of which her sons and daughters may well be proud. Her influence was very potent in the earliest settlements in Georgia, along the Delaware and on Manhattan Island. The Pilgrim Fathers largely came from Leyden where for thirty j-ears they had lived in Holland which had become a republic chiefly through the influence of the Lutheran Reformation. From our earliest history the Lutheran Church has exerted a wide influence in the moral and religious life of our people. The freedom of conscience for which it always stood, the sincere piety it fostered everywhere, had much to do in shaping the best po- litical, social and religious life of the nation. In some respects the Lutheran Church is an outstanding Ameri- can Church. In our Colonial history, the settlements of Lu- therans along the frontier largely bore the brunt of the depreda- tions of savages who at various times were incited to murder and rapine by emissaries from other lands. During the war for In- dependence, the Lutherans stood solidly with Washington and shed their blood willingly in the struggle for freedom. In that momentous conflict one third of the population of the country was Tory. But the Lutherans were not Tories. So in the war of 1812. In the war between the States, the Union had no more loyal supporters North of Mason and Dixon's line than the Lu- therans. And in the recent great war with the central powers of Europe the Lutheran Church was exceptional in the number of her sons who followed the flag and in her response to every call and need of the Government in its conduct of the war. The best blood of Europe that came to our shores flowed in the veins of those who came in quest of religious freedom. The Palatines who came very early to Baltimore and through Penn- sylvania into western Maryland were largely influenced to leave their mother countries beyond the seas by reason of persecution. Hence, when they entered into the making of a new country they cut away from the eeclesiasticism and from the Church Govern- ments which obtained under the monarchies of the old world. Congregations were organized and synods were formed in har- mony with the genius of what has become the greatest republic 3 4 FOREWORD. of the atjos. No ecclesiastical connections nor even formal fra- ternal relations were maintained with the Churches of the Fa- therlands. The Lutheran Churches were not only American in spirit but thoroug'hiy and distinctly American in practice. The Maryland Synod was or<>'anized almost simultaneously with the General Synod. The first, third, fifth, sixth and seventh presidents of the General Synod were members of the Maryland Synod. The first, second, third, fourth, sixth, seventh and eighth sessions of the General Synod were held in Maryland Synod Churches. A large number of the leading ministers and laymen not only in the Lutheran Church but in the country- generally have been connected with the Maryland Synod. The Maryland Synod is distinguished by its prominence in the educational, eleemosynary and missionary work of the Lutheran Church. The Colleges and Seminaries at Gettysburg and Selins- grove were largely inspired and aided in their beginnings as well as through their entire history by the Maryland S^'uod. She fur- nished the first Presidents for Gettysburg, Selinsgrove, Witten- berg and Midland Colleges. The Deaconess Home and Mother- House, and the Home for the Aged are located on her territory, while all the benevolent and eleemosynary institutions of the Church receive the Synod's unfailing suj^port. The beginnings of Home Missionary work were largely under the direction of the Maryland Synod. The first missionaries bej'ond the Pan- Handle and later beyond the Mississippi were sent forth from her Churches. Both the Boards of Home and Foreign Missions have had their headquarters on its territory. The writer has been a member of the Maryland Sjaiod for more than twenty years. He recalls the meetings of synods and con- ferences with unfeigned pleasure. There is a spirit of fraternity and brotherly cooperation that is both admirable and character- istic. There is enthusiasm for everything that makes for the ad- vancement of the Kingdom of our Lord. Delightful fellowship, whole-hearted service, mutual confidence, are marked features of the SA'nod 's life. The following pages tell only a part of the story. Many of the best things cannot be written in a book. The Committee consist- ing of Professor Abdel Ross Wentz, L. Russell Alden, Esq., and the writer, entrusted the entire literary work in the preparation of the history to Professor Wentz. A son of the Synod, preacher, historian, scholar, and teacher of young men preparing for the Gospel ministry, he has performed his task well. Ezra K. Bell. Introduction As we stand on tlie bow of some great ocean-liner hustling it- self across the trackless deep, we feel only the rush of change, the toss of the waves, tlie buffeting of the winds, and the heaving of the mighty deep. As we look forward from the bow we have no certainty of progress or of definite direction. But when we go back and stand on the stern of the vessel we see the wake of the ship, boiling out even as we watch it and stretching off' in a straight line behind us. Then we know that we are held to a course, that we are making progress and that we are moving in a straight line and therefore towards a goal. We cannot see our destination but we know that we are going somewhere because we can s'ee that we have come from somewhere. So the past is the wake of history. It is an argument for a definite direction in the world 's events. Our review of a century of Maryland Synod history- ought to help us in some measure to understand the divine goal of daily events and the will of God for the future of our Zion. This volume is a part of the Maryland Synod's o])servance of her centennial year. It is intended to make us mindful of our heritage and our responsibility. It is not history for history's sake, not a narrative of facts long since past and unrelated to the present. It is rather a means of helping us, as individual congre- gations and as a Synod, to understand our relation to the living present and our responsibility to the j)romising future. The story of these hundred years in the Synod is an inspiring one. No one can read the record without feeling that the hand of God directs the affairs of the Church. But while the growth and achievements of the century should sw^ell our breasts with pride and fill us with gratitude to God for the past, the contem- plation of her progressive development in powers and resources should fill us with a sense of obligation and point the finger of duty to the coming age. This is not a history of Lutheranism in the State of Maryland, but only a history of the Mar3-land Synod and her churches. There are a number of Lutheran churches in the State that do not belong to the Synod. Such are the twenty-four congrega- tions of the Sy nodical Conference (thirteen in Baltimore, two in 5 6 INTRODUCTION. Wasliington, two in Accident, and one each at Colgate, Cumber- land, Glen Arm, Jjintliicum Heights, Mechaniesville, Overlea, and Preston), the fifteen congregations of the Joint Synod of Ohio (nine in Baltimore and one each at Washington, EUicott City, Fullerton, Glen Arm, Laurel, and Ferryman), one of the Swedish Augustana Synod in Baltimore, one of the Iowa Synod at Woodlawn, and several without s.ynodieal relations. These do not come within the scope of this volume. The plan of the book includes three main parts, the historj' of the S^-nod as a whole, the history of tlie churches constituting the Synod at present, and biographical sketches of the sons of the Synod now in the ministry. In portraying the life of the Synod as a whole we have first sketched the Lutheran movements and settlements within the State before the organization of the Synod. These materials have been gathered from sources too num^erous to mention here. The original plan to sketch the early history of the Lutheran Church in America outside of Mar3'land had to be abandoned be- cause it would have led too far afield. That subject can easily be traced in other books. For the European origin of these early Lutherans in Maryland the reader is referred to Chapter Five of my ' ' German Element in York County, ' ' pages 96-174. The history of the Synod as such, from the organization to the present, has been gathered mainly from the Minutes of the body. The original protocol of the Synod, we regret to say, has not been available. For over two years we have conducted a search for the protocol and first constitution. But in vain. We believe they have been destroyed. The subject of the jarotocol often occupied the attention of the Synod. As early as 1840 the manuscript protocol was pro- nounced "irrecoverably lost," and a committee declared it im- possible even to secure a complete file of the printed minutes. Four years later, how^ever, the protocol is reported found and measures are taken for its safe keejDing. In 1858 it was consigned to the care of Dr. Morris, but ten years later he reported that a part of the archives had been lost again. In 1871 it is reported that the old protocol and other papers of the Sjmod have been sent to Dr. Diehl "to be placed with the archives of the Synod in the church in Frederick." This is the last trace of those valu- able papers that can be found. It would seem that tlie.v were re- moved from Frederick when Dr. Diehl left that church, but dili- gent search among his heirs and effects has failed to reveal them. But we have succeeded in gathering a complete file of the pub- lished minutes of the Synod from various sources, and from these INTRODUCTIOK. 7 we have gathered practically all of our materials for the stor^' of the Synod as such. For the materials in the congregational sketches we are in most cases indel)ted to the pastors of the churches. They were gath- ered largely from the church records and congregational archives of the individual congregations. Some of the materials are to be found also in published form. Such are Williams' "History of Frederick County," Williams' "History of Washington Coun- ty," P. H. Miller's "History of Grace Lutheran Church of West- minster and Sketches of Lutheran Congregations in Carroll County," M. L. Culler's "Early History of the Lutheran Churches in the Middletown Valley," Bell's "History of the Leitersburg District," L. B. Hafer's "Brief Sketch of Trinity Lutheran Church of Taney town," Ferdinand Hesse's "History of the Smithsburg Charge," C. S. Jones' "History of St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baltimore County," Sarah C. Trump-'s "One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of Immanuel Lutheran Church of Manchester," L. H. Waring 's "History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Georgetown," Diehl, Schmucker, and Kuhlman on the Frederick congregation. Culler and Trump in "The Martinsburg Lutheran" for December, 1918, and F. R. Wagner's "Historical Sketch of St. Paul's Lu- theran Church of Frostburg. " Much credit is due also to Dr. Victor Miller for his persistent efforts from 1900 to 1913 in gath- ering from the pastors many materials for the history of their churches. About one-third of the congregational histories could be pub- lished in practically the same form in which they were prepared by the pastors. Another third we prepared from data submitted by the pastors. For the other third we had to secure the data as well as write the history. The selection of portraits to illustrate the congregational his- tories was a delicate matter, and in some cases the pastor simply could not bring himself to make a selection from among the many good subjects that might have been available, and in those cases no illustrations of laymen appear. With only two exceptions we have been able to present a picture of every pastor in the Synod. We appreciate this splendid cooperation. As to the third part of the volume the editor wishes to assume responsibility for the form in which most of the biographical sketches appear. He had much difficult}^ in overcoming the modesty of many of the "sons of the Synod" and in securing a measure of uniformity in the sketches. Four or five subjects be- longing in this chapter refused to respond. 8 INTRODUCTION. Our main prohleiu tlir()ii<>li()ut llie l)()()k was ('Oiidensation. When we consider the size of tlie Sxnod and her a<2,e, the even greater age of some of her congregations, the prominence of the Synod and her men in the work of the church, the many aspects of her life, and the varied lines of her activity, we readil}' under- stand that the full history of the S.ynod's hundred years would retpiire many volumes of this size. The minutes alone for these hundred years cover nearly 5,000 pages. Volumes have had to be condensed into sketches. Doubtless many omissions will be noted bj" the informed reader. Then be it remembered that we have made special effort to maintain proper proportions. AVe have been obliged to condense greatly and to omit many things we wanted to include. But we have not retrenched: we have faithfully carried out the main plan authorized by tbe Synod two years ago. If the plan of the work had included footnotes many interest- ing but isolated events, many extraordinary occurrences, and many pi(iuant and original anecdotes might have been introduced to enliven the reading. Then, too, complete bibliographical and other source references could have been included. But these were not regarded as essential to the main record and had to be omitted. Our obligations are hereby acknowledged to Pastor Richard Schmidt for his article on the German Synod of Maryland, to Miss Mary Baylies for her account of the Wonian's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the Maryland Synod, to the pas- tors who so kindly cooperated in securing their congregational histories and materials for illustration, to the sons of the Synod who furnished data from which to make their biographies, and to the many individuals who so willingly responded to our many in- quiries for information to be used in the volume. In typewriting the manuscript for the printer and in gathering the tables presented in the volume we have had much valuable assistance from Mr. Luther A. Gotwald of the Gettysburg Semi- nary. Abdel Ross Wentz. Gettijslutrg, Pa., March 30, 1920. Table of Contents PAGE Chapter I. Early Lutheran Settlements in Maryland 11 Chapter II. Early Lutheran Expansion and the Spe- cial Conferences of Pastors 33 Chapter III. The Organization of the Synod 43 Chapter IV. The Growth of the Synod 55 Chapter Y. Leading Personalities 57 Chapter VI. The Pastors of the Synod, 1820-1920 83 Chapter VII. Missions: Home, Foreign, and Inner ... 103 Chapter VIII. Educational Activity and Literary Prod- ucts 127 Chapter IX. Doctrinal and Liturgical Development . . 147 Chapter X. Synodical Relations 161 Chapter XL Conventions and Officers 175 Chapter XII. Clerical Roll for the Centennial Year .... 179 Chapter XIII. The Churches of Baltimore and Vicinity . 189 Chapter XIV. The Churches of Washington and Vicinity 281 Chapter X\'. The Churches of the Middle Conference . 325 Chapter XVI. The Churches of the Western Conference. 437 Chapter XYII. The Churches of the Mountain Conference 503 Chapter XYIII. Ordinations and Licensures 519 Chapter XIX. The Sons of the Synod 527 Indexes 633 "We have heard with our ears, O God, our fathers have told us, what work Thou didst in their days, in the days o£ old: Thou didst drive out the heathen with Thy hand, but them didst Thou plant." — Psalm 44: i, 2. "Hitherto hath the Lord helped us." — I Samuel 7; 12. CHAPTER I. EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. Maiyland was orig-inally founded as a refuge for Roman Cath- olics. People of that faith were at that time the objects of sore persecution in England. The first settlers of Maryland, who reached the colony in March, 1634, were oppressed Catholics from England, about three hundred in number. But from the begin- ning Protestants were admitted to the new colony. This was not because of an.v advanced views of religious toleration but because the colony was British, and the Catholic proprietor, Lord Balti- more, did not dare to exclude Protestants from the colony of a Protestant nation. The spirit of the age was bitterly intolerant, but in this case prudence dictated liberality. And so it was that people of all Christian denominations began to pour into the promising colony, and sixt}^ years after the colony had been founded primarih' as an asylum for persecuted Roman Catholics, the children of that faith constituted but one-twelfth of the pop- ulation. The first Lutherans to settle in Maryland were Swedes. They came in 1645, onh' eleven years after the colony had been founded, and settled in what is now Cecil County. They consti- tuted the out-post of that large Swedish settlement that had be- gun on the Delaware River (then New Sweden) seven years be- fore. In 1649 these Swedish Lutherans built the first Lutheran church in what is now the state of Maryland. It is said that in 1660 there were nearly three hundred Lutheran families in that locality. But the settlement was not permanent. With the pass- ing of New Sweden this solitary Lutheran settlement in Mary- land vanished also, and it made no contribution to the Lutheran element that later constituted the Mar^dand Synod, except per- haps by contributing some iiidividuals to the settlements in west- ern Maryland. Nearly a century was to pass before the first permanent settlement of Lutherans was made in the colony of Maryland. Then nearly another century was to pass before the Maryland Synod was born. As the history of our American Republic covers less than half of the historj' of the white man in our country, so the life of the 11 ]2 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. organized Maryland Synod eoYors only a little more than half of the histor}^ of Lutherans in the State. The Lutheran Synod of Maryland is now just a century old. But the history of Lutheranisni in Maryland goes back nearly a century before the organization of the Synod. There were in- diYidnal Lutherans and Lutheran settlements and Lutheran con- gregations in Marjdand some ninety years before synodical or- ganization was effected. The beginnings of these pioneer Luther- an settlements go back beyond the establishmeiit of the American Republic, beyond the Revolutionary War, back to the early dec- ades of the Eighteenth Century. Three of these earliest Lutheran settlements in particular need to be considered as heralding the dawn of Lutheran history in Maryland. They are Baltimore, Conococheague, and Monocacy. The oldest of these is Monocacy. But all of them have long since ceased to be preeminent in the Lutheranisni of the state. The settlement of Monocacy was soon overshadowed and absorbed by Frederick. That of Conococheague dwindled into insignificance beside Hagerstown. And the old Lutheran community in Balti- more belonged to the Maryland Synod only a short time and has long since lost its Lutheran confessional character. Let us review briefly the life of these three pioneer Lutheran communities. The.y mark one stage in the westward movement of the American frontier, the meeting point between civilization and savagery, and thus they help constitute the crucible in which the different European nationalities have been moulded into an entirely new product known as the American. At the same time their character and their history as church communities hold the germ and promise of much of the subse(iuent history of Luther- anisni in the state of Maryland. On the Monocacy. The first Lutheran congregation in the state of Maryland was Monacacy. The Monocacy settlement was in Frederick Count}', ten miles north of the present city of Frederick, at the point where the route of travel from Pennsylvania crossed the Mono- cacy River. This settlement was one of the results of the gradual expansion of the population from the Atlantic seaboard west- ward. The pioneers of the Monocacy ^"alley came from Pennsylvania. In the .year 1710 as a result of the great increase of German im- migrants to America the Lutheran population of Pennsylvania had begun to grow rapidly. Many of these Lutherans had settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, just east of the Susquehanna EARLY LUTHERAN SETTIiEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 13 River. From that point there was a natural avenue leading southwestward into Virginia. This was the highway that from time immemorial had been used by the Indians in their wander- ings from north to south and vice versa. It included a series of fertile valleys now known as the Cumberland, Shenandoah, and Virginia Valleys. Crossing the Susquehanna where Wrightsville now stands it followed the limestone belt in a southwestern direc- tion across York County (York and Hanover) and the southeast- tern part of Adams County (Littlestown), across the state line into Carroll and Frederick Counties, Maryland; and so to the Potomac. This route of travel afterwards figured prominently in the history of our country. It was this great natural highway from eastern Pennsylvania to Virginia that brought the first Lutheran settlers to Maryland. As the population in eastern Pemisylvania increased and the good lands there were gradually taken up the hardy pioneers pushed westward across the Susquehanna. But out of regard for the rights of the Indians the Pennsylvania authorities did not permit settlement on the lands west of the river until 1729. So already several years before that date some of the immigrants into Penn's colony had moved across the forbidden Indian lands of York County and had pushed on to the hospitable soil of Mary- land and Virginia. It seems probable that in 1727 or the follow- ing year a small number of Germans from Pennsylvania had taken up their abode on Maryland soil in the Monocacy Valley. These were mostl}' Lutherans. A year or two later when the Pennsylvania government au- thorized settlements west of the Susquehanna the Indian trail to the south and southwest was converted into a wagon road and soon hundreds of Germans from Penns.ylvania were coursing along this highway to the rich lands of western Maryland and northern Virginia. Then, too, Lord Fairfax of Virginia and Gov- ernor Ogle of Maryland were holding out special inducements to the Germans to settle within their respective domains. Early in 1732 the Governor of Virginia ceded a tract of some 25,000 acres to Jost Hite, a German, and Jacob Van Meter, a Dutchman, on condition that they would settle two hundred German families on the tract. Hite and Van Meter traversed Pennsylvania and New Jersey and even went to Germany and Holland in search of settlers for their lands, and directed them all to Virginia by the way of the well-known ' ' Monocacy Road. ' ' The consequence was that soon a large volume of immigration began to flow from Pennsylvania to Virginia. Then Charles Lord Baltimore tried to outdo the Governor of 14 HISTORY OF MAKYIiANn SYNOD. A'irgiiiia. in attracting- colonists. He oli'ercd the lantls between the Monocacy and the Pennsylvania line in tracts of two hundred acres each to families that would settle there and he asked only the rental of one cent an acre and no rent to pay for the first three years. It is not surprising that many of the Germans on their way from Pennsylvania to Virginia, with their keen sense for fertile soil and their fixed habit to hunt out good lands, see- ing the rich lands of Frederick Count}^ otfered them on such liberal terms, dug' their spades into the earth then and there, set up their hearthstones, and forgot all about their intentions of going farther. This was the beginning of the Monocacy settle- ment. These hardy industrious Germans came as home-makers and tillers of the soil. They brought with them their Bibles, their hymn books, and generally a few devotional works, such as Lu- ther's catechism and John Arndt's "True Christianity." As soon as a community of settlers had formed they began to take measures to satisfy their hunger for the word of life, for com- mon worship and the means of grace. From Pennsylvania they had come and to Pennsylvania they looked for spiritual ministry. In 1733 John Casper Stoever, "the indefatigable missionary," on one of his tours from New Holland to York went as far south as the Monocac}^ settlement, baptized the Lutheran children there and organized the Lutheran members of the community into a congregation. The following summer, 1734, the}' built a neat sub- stantial log church. This v.-as the first Lutheran church in west- ern Maryland and it was large enough and substantial enough to serve the purposes of the congregation for more than half a cen- tury. To this unj^retentious log church in the scattering log village the pious settlers gathered from miles around to worship God. Here the aged pioneer gave thanks for religious freedom that had been denied him in the fatherland. Here parents came from near and far with their families to acknowledge their Lord and to hear the preaching of His Word. When an ordained minister visited the community the babes were carried to this sacred place for holy baptism and all the faithful partook of the Lord's Sup- per. Hither the young man and the maid came for catechetical instruction and preparation for confirmation, and sometimes they came to plight their troth as husband and wife. Many years passed before regular pastors could be obtained for the congregation. Meanwhile they had the village school- master to lead the singing, to read printed sermons on Sunday, and to impart religious as well as secular instruction to the EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 15 young. AVlio this schoolmaster was or how well he performed his work we do not know, but he evidently acted under the instruc- tions and supervision of Pastor Stoever of New Holland and later of Lebanon, who from 17.j3 to 1743 made periodic visits west of the Susquehanna to York on the Codorus and to the congregation on the Monocacy. The church on the Monocacy was built by the Lutherans of that community and for a long time was a purely Lutheran church. One of the governing principles of the organization was that "No minister shall be admitted to preach or administer the holy ordi- nances in our church, without a lawful certificate of Lutheran ordination and without the consent of the Lutheran church war- dens." But in 1747, after the community had been visited by Michael Schlatter, the great organizer of the Reformed, the Lu- theran church council granted "permission to regularly author- ized ministers of the Reformed Church to hold services in the church." Thereafter the church building was used jointly by the two congregations, but the numbers of the Lutherans greatly exceeded the numbers of the Reformed. The membership of the original congregation was scattered all the way from Tanej'town and Emmitsburg on the north to the Glades and beyond Frederick on the south, and from Mount Pleasant and Liberty on the east to the Catoctin Mountains on the west. This large parish was only a comparatively small part of the charge that was committed to the oversight of Pastor Stoever and of course it did not generally have his direct or de- tailed supervision. He visited York about once a month. The Conewago settlement (near Hanover) he saw twice a year. But the congregation on the Monocacy never had his personal services more than once a year. After ten years of intermittent ministry west of the Susque- hanna, John Casper Stoever resigned in 1743 and his regular visits to York and his irregular visits to the Monocacy congrega- tion ceased. But he had prepared his successor. In April, 1743, he had ordained David Candler, a schoolmaster of Conewago, and had placed him over the York and Monocacy churches. That same year Candler for the convenience of his parishioners or- ganized the Conewago congregation (Hanover) and divided the Monocacy congregation by establishing a branch where Frederick now stands. This beginning of Lutheran worship on the future site of Fred- erick City on the Carroll Creek was the first step in a series of events that finally led to the transfer of the old Monocacy or- ganization to that thriving town ten miles south of Monocacy. 16 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. For a lonp' time after separate ser\'icos were held in Frederick the Lutherans residing there regarded themselves as members of the mother congregation on the Monocacy. But when Frederick was laid out as a town in 1745 and when it was made the countj'- seat of the new county in 1748, the number of Lutherans at Fred- erick naturally increased while the community to the north steadily declined in relative strength until at leng-th the organi- zation was, at it were, transferred to the town. The oldest record book in possession of the congregation is stamped on the back ' ' Gemeinde Monakes, ' ' that is, the congregation of the Monocacy, and the most precious historic relic in their possession is the Eng- lish Constitution contained in this same book, prepared by Muh- lenberg and preserved in his hand. Thus in 1743 Candler had charge of four congregations extend- ing all the way from the Susquehanna to the Potomac, a direct distance of more than seventy-five miles. He lived at Conewago, and when his great zeal in the exercise of his office and his in- tense exertions on behalf of his congregations undermined his health and caused his death in little more than a year after his ordination, he was buried at Conewago. A number of the people of the Monocacy church attended the funeral of their pastor at Conewago. The sermon was preached by Rev. Lars Nyberg, a Swede, who was pastor at Lancaster and who was secretly a Moravian. The deputation from Monocacy were so pleased with Nyberg 's sermon that they asked him to procure for them a pastor who could preach like himself. Ny- berg conferred with the Moravian authorities at Bethlehem with a view to procuring a man and the result was that he himself was appointed to serve Monocacy and the other congregations west of the Susquehanna. This appointment he accepted as an opportunity to lead those Lutheran congregations into the Mo- ravian fold. When the perfidy of Nyberg became known to the Lutheran congregations the doors were closed against him at Lancaster, at York, and at Conewago. In the Monocacy congre- gation a split took place. Many of the people in the old Luther- an congregation adhered to Nyberg and to Nicke, his successor, and to the Moravian faith, and when in 1746 the Lutheran ma- jority of the congregation locked the church doors on Nicke the Moravian element withdrew and for a number of years held serv- ices in a private house. In 1758 they organized a church of their own faith at Graceham, three and a half miles from the Monocacy church. Years passed before the confusion caused by Nyberg in the Monocacy congregation was composed. The defenseless people EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 17 were set upon by vagrant preachers and imposters and the dis- traction did not cease until Muhlenberg himself appeared on the scene and prepared a constitution for the congregation. But it was not easy to secure a visit from Muhlenberg. When the congregation was divided over the Moravian Nicke, in the summer of 1746, they sent to the United Lutheran ministers of Pennsylvania and asked to be taken under their care. But Muhlenberg was unable lo visit them at that time. However, at his request Rev. Gabriel Naesman, pastor of the Swedish Tjuther- an Church at Wicaco, near Philadelphia, who could preach in German, and who for some time regularly visited Lancaster after Nyberg was excluded, made a visit to Frederick in October, 1746. On Reformation Day itself Mr. Naesman preached in the church at Monocacy and baptised one young man nineteen years of age and six children. He caused a large and well-bound record-book to be purchased and in it he entered the fact of his preaching there and the record of his baptisms. He also gave instructions to have the records of Candler and all other entries copied from private journals and family Bibles into the new church book. Fifty-four baptisms previous to October, 1746, were so entered. The earliest baptism in the record is dated August 22, 1737. The infant son of Frederick Unsult was baptized by a Rev. Mr. Wolf. It is not at all certain that this ordinance was adminis- tered either at Frederick or at Monocacy. The probability is that the baptism was performed at the place from which the par- ents removed before they came to the Monocacy settlement, pos- sibly the Lutheran settlement on the Raritan in New Jersey, where in 1737 Rev. John August Wolf was pastor. After Naesman 's refreshing visit the congregation was once more without a head and a pastor, as shepherdless sheep exposed to the ravages of the wolves that in those da^'s wandered about in pastoral garb. Late in 1746 or early in 1747 Monocacy and Frederick were visited by the notorious vagabond Carl Rudolph, who claimed to be a Lutheran minister, and showed testimonials with great seals which were probably forged and certainly false. We learn of him first in Georgia where he barely escaped the gal- lows. Then he wandered northward through the Carolinas and Virginia until he arrived at Frederick. Wherever he found a congregation he tarried and offered his services. He is said by Muhlenberg to have served in Maryland congregations, German and Irish. He was accepted at Monocacy as pastor, but very soon showed himself to be a thief, a drunkard, licentious and utterly worthless, and was soon dismissed here as he had been every- where else. 18 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Another vaj>aboiid wlio attempted to creep into the congrega- tion at Frederick in 1747 was a man whom Muhlenberg terms Empiricus Schmid. He was a qnack who pretended to be a phy- sician and dentist, resided in New Hanover, Pennsylvania, and as early at least as 17;)() attempted to perform ministerial acts. AVhen Muhlenberg took charge there in 1742 there was not room enough for both ; after vainly attempting to organize an opposi- tion congregation in 1743 Schmid left. He was afterward in A'irginia, and in June, 1747, was at Frederick and Monocacy where he found but few supporters. Meanwhile events were shaping to bring about a visit from Muhlenberg himself to the Monocac}^ Lutherans. Many of Muh- lenberg's ]iarishioners in Pennsylvania had taken up their abode in the Monocacy settlement. He states that between 1742, when he arrived in America, and 1747, one-half of the Providence congregation, of which he had charge, removed to the extreme limits of Pennsylvania and to Maryland and A^irginia. Thus his personal interest was enlisted in the Maryland Lutherans. The appeal of the Monocacy congregation in 174(5 had also made its impression on the great jiastor. Then, too, Muhlenberg had long been distressed by the accounts he received of the confusion that Nyberg and the Moravians had caused among the congregations formerly served by Mr. Candler, and at last in 1747 when the Pentecostal communions and con- firmations in his own charge were completed he decided to visit those congregations and to try to restore order. In his reports to the authorities at Halle he gives a full and interesting account of his journej^ to Monocacy and its various incidents. Setting out from New Hanover, June 10, 1747, he took the schoolmaster Jacob Loeser with him and went to the Alsace Church, to Tulpehocken and through Lancaster to York and then to Conewago. Here two deputies from Monocacy met him and took him, June 23d, thirty-six miles to the Monocacy settlement. They started in a drenching rain and finding no house at which to stay they were compelled to ride all night through the wilder- ness with the rain pouring down and the horses sometimes up to their knees in water and mire. By morning, June 24th, they reached their destination. He says: "I was now at Manaquesy, of which the Moravians boast so much in their reports. 1 found here a log church and two parties in the congregation. Some adhered to the Moravians, and had allowed themselves to be ministered to by Mr. Nicky, one of their teachers, who, when I came, had just returned to Bethlehem. The other party had accepted the deceiver Carl EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 19 Kudolpli as their preacher, but some time before had dismissed him. They had the same experiences with Nvberg as the mem- bers at York and Conawaqne and at last had locked him out of the church, because he had tried to introduce a Moravian brother as a Lutheran preacher. They had now for nearly a year ear-' nestly entreated that one of our ministers should come and ad- minister the Lord's Supper to them. AVe could not refuse. My arrival was yery acceptable to them and an occasion of .joy." He then describes his efforts to restore peace. He assembled the congregation and before service he asked for their church record in which he wrote, in the English language, some articles headed as follows : ' ' For the Government of the Lutheran Churchy at Monocacy. Written in their Church Book bv Rev. H. M. Muhlenberg, June 24, 1747." The articles are as follows : ''Whereas wo tlie subsin-iliers enjoy the inestimable liberty of conscience untler the protection of our Gracious Sovereign King George the II and his representatives our gracious superiors of this Province, and have used this ])recious privilege since our first settling here at Monocacy, till this (]ay in worshiping God Almighty according to the Protestant Lutheran persuasion, grounded in the Old and New Testament and in the ITnaltered Augsburg Confession, and other Symbolical Books, we will pray for our most gracious Sovereign and all that are in authority, that we may lead a peaceable and quiet life in sincerity, Godliness and honesty. And whereas we are at times disturbed by pretended ministers that style themselves Lutherans, but can- not produce any lawful certificate or credential of their vocation or ordina- tion, by a lawful consistory or ministry, and cause strife, quarrels and dis- turbance among the congregation, we the subscribers, and church wardens, and members, of the Protestant Lutheran congregation, erect and agree and bind ourselves to the following articles, in primis: " 1. That our German Lutherans confess their adherence to the Holy Scrip- tures and also to the ITiialtered Augsburg Confession, and the other Sym- bolical Books. ' ' 2. That whenever possible in accoi'dancc with the same, they have the sacraments ailministered by regularly called and ordained ministers. "3. That their rules do not allow that open and wilful offenders against the ten connnandments of Gotl and against the laws of a Cliristiau govern- ment should ho acknowledged bj^ them as members, but be excluded. "4. The church we have erected at Alonocacy and used hitherto shall stand and remain for the worship of our protestant Lutheran religion according to our confession as long as the blessed acts of tolei'ance and liberty stand. Tho Reformed shall have liberty for their lawful ministers. ''5. Ko minister shall be admitted to preach or administer the holy ordi- nance, without a lawful call and certificate, of his lawful Lutheran ordina- tion and examination by a Lutheran ministry, and without consent of the church wardens. " (i. Every year, shall be chosen four or more blameless members for chuKh wardens and they shall be chosen by 'per plurima vota. ' ' ' 7. These wardens shall hold and preserve the keys of the church, tlie ves- sels and vnaments, and deliver every piece in time of worship, or when necessity requires it. ' ' 8. Two of the idmrch wardens shall keep an exact account of the alms, and offerings, and be ready each year for reckoning with the church wardens and the congregation. ' ' 20 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Those articles were dated June 24, 1747, and were signed by six wardens and twenty-six other members of the congregation residing at Monocacy and Frederick, as follows : John George Loy, John Kreitzman, John M. Eoemer, Peter Axtel, Henry Sechs, Jacob Hoft, Martin AVetzel, George Sweinhardt, John Smith, John Yerdries, Michel Reisner, Dr. Schney, John Stol- meyer, John Sechs, Valentine Yerdries, John G. Seldner, John Christojiher Smith, John Yogel, John Davis, Frederic 0. Yer- dries, Martin Wehel, Jr., Nicholas Wehel, Frederick Wilhide, George Honig, George Rolz, George M. Hoffman, Peter Apfel, Ludwig Weltner, Frederic Unsult, Jacob Hoen, Hans Fred Geyer. It is the book containing these articles and their signatures that rests in the archives of the Frederick Church to-day. Muhlen- berg read the articles publicly to the Monocacy congregation, explained them in German, and requested that those who wanted to' be Lutherans should sign them. He tells us that he M^rote them in English so that they might be of service if any legal diffi- culties arose. After this constitution was signed Muhlenberg proceeded to preach and administer the communion. Due to the heavy rains many of the members living at a distance were pre- vented from attending. Of his visit the next day to Frederick, Muhlenberg writes: "On the 25th of June we rode on ten miles farther to a newly laid out town, M^here a number of Lutherans lived, who also be- long to the congregation, but who were prevented by the heavy rains from being present on the previous day. Most of them sub- scribed the articles in the church record, and elected several of their own number as deacons (Yorsteher) and elders. Three or four persons had adhered to a man who formerly at New Han- over, had assumed the functions of the ministry, (in his diary Mr. M. mentions his name, "my predecessor at New Hanover, the Empiricus Schmid,") and had gone from there to Yirginia and had now returned to Maryland. There was a large assem- blage of English and German peoi^le. At the desire of many members, after preparatory service and prayer had been held, I administered the Holy Supper to some Lutherans, baptized chil- dren and married two couples. Both the flocks, that in town and that in the country, begged that I would take to heart their dis- traction, poverty and need of a preacher, and lay them before our venerable Fathers. They would try to hold together as long as possible. In the evening we rode back to our former quar- ters." It is evident that Muhlenberg regarded the Lutherans of Fred- EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 21 eriek as a part of the Monoeaey eono-reg-ation even though they liad bnilt their own house of worsliip four years before his visit. But tlie town of Frederiek was now orowinp,' rapidly and while Monocacy and Frederiek continued to form one charg-e until 1810, yet within five years after Muhlenberg's visit in 1747 the congregation at Frederick had taken precedence over the con- gregation in the country and the parsonage of the charge was lo- cated there at the county-seat. An interesting side-light is thrown on the state of religion in that early Lutheran settlement by an incident that occurred as Muhlenberg and his companion, J. J. Loeser, were returning home from Monocacy on June 26th. After riding a few miles in the direction of Conewago they were met by an English gentle- man who invited them to his house, offered them refreshments, and desired to know Muhlenberg's opinion of the condition of the Lutherans in Maryland. Muhlenberg said that all of them needed deeper experience in true repentance, living faith, and practical godliness. But he expressed his emphatic conviction that the Lutherans and Reformed contrasted very favorably with the Moravians and the Episcopalians of those days. After Muhlenberg's visit to the Monocacy church the congre- gation received occasional visits from other Pennsylvania min- isters. Rev. J. H. Schaum, of York, rendered ministerial services from time to time, and toward the close of 1749 Rev. Valentine Kraft took up his abode in Frederick. Kraft was an aged pastor who had come into violent opposition to Muhlenberg in Philadel- phia. There is no evidence that he was accepted by the Monocacy charge as pastor but he probably officiated irregularly for a year or two and had some adherents. After he died in 1751 Rev. Schaum continued to visit the two congregations and gave them counsel. He did much to counteract the baneful influence of a vagabond named Streiter who though unordained was exceed- ingly zealous in his efforts to gain adherents and preside over the congregations. By the year 1750 the head of this oldest Lutheran settlement in western Maryland had been transferred from the banks of the Monocacy to the town of Frederick and the pastorate was known l)y the name of Frederick. Thus we read in the minutes of the fifth Convention of the Pennsylvania Ministorium in 1752 : ' ' The Congregation in Frederickstown, Maryland, shall be visited by Rev. Mr. Schaum as often as possible until all are united and we can help them further. ' ' But in that same year the Frederick pastorate secured her first regular resident pastor. This was the highly gifted and thoroughly educated Rev. Bernhard Michael 22 HISTORY OP ATARYIiAND SYNOD. Hausilil. He came to Frederick County by way of the port of Aniia]iolis. For the Lutheran forces of Maryland liad now begun to gatlier rcenforcements from sources independent of Penns^d- vania. Between 1748 and 1753 as many as twenty-eight Imndred Pala- tines came into Maryland by way of Baltimore and Annapolis. The vast majority of these settled in Frederick County. Among those who thus arrived in 1752 were Christopher B. Mayer and his son-in-law, Rev. Hausihl. Mr. Mayer brought a letter from Cecil Calvert, Proprietary of Maryland, to Benjamin Tasker, president of the provincial Council, requesting him to give the necessary assistance to Mr. Mayer and those accompanying him to forward them to Manockesi), their destination. The result was that they settled in Frederick and Rev. Hausihl became the first regular pastor of the Frederick and Monocacy congregations. With that event the history of the charge passes beyond the pioneer stage and can be traced in the congregational sketches of these two congregations. Meanwhile the old village named Monocacy had begun to de- cline, its elements being absorbed by other communities. In 1760 Creagerstown was founded about a nnle distant from Mono- cacy and on ground that was more elevated and therefore more advantageously situated. Thereupon the older village declined rapidly and was soon abandoned, the Lutheran congregation of the Monocacy preserving its historical continuity in the Lutheran church of Creagerstown. To-day it is not easy to determine even the location of that first church that for almost a generation served as a house of worship for those earliest Lutheran pioneers in Maryland. On the Conococheague. The second pioneer settlement of Lutherans in Maryland was that on the Conococheague, in Washington County. The Conoco- cheague like the Monocacy is a tributary of the Potomac. The settlement that bore the name of the stream was located about thirty miles west of the settlement on the Monocacy, about eight miles southwest of the present city of Hagerstown, and between the present towns of AVilliamsport and Clearspring. The Conococheague settlement began oidy a few years later than the settlement on the Monocac}-. It drew on the same sources of immigration and consisted of the more venturesome spirits among those who started from Pennsylvania on the old Monocacy trail to Virginia. The valley of the Conococheague did not lie on the beaten path of travel, but it had its attractions, EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 23 and the more hardy members of the vanguard of civilization ven- tured to pierce the wilderness and take up their abode on the western bank of the Conococheague and the northern bank of the Potomac, wliere the Potomac draws the line of division between the Cumberland Valley on the north and the Shenandoah Valley on the south. Most of these early settlers came from the neighborhood of Monocacy and Frederick, making their way westward across the South Mountain and following the trail which afterwards be- came the National Pike until they reached the attractive region just west of the stream which gave its Indian name to the settle- ment. Others aimed directly for this settlement before they left Pennsjdvania and crossing the Susquehanna at Harris' Ferry (now Harrisburg) about thirty miles north of Wright's Ferry they soon reached the head waters of the Conococheague in the Cumberland Valley and then followed the general course of the stream down the valley to its mouth. This settlement on the Conococheague began about 1735 and until some j^ears after the close of the French and Indian War was the westernmost settlement in Maryland. The upper Po- tomac had been explored at a much earlier period in the history of Maryland but almost a century had elapsed after the settle- ment of St. Mary's near the mouth of the river before the pres- ent territory of Washington County was formally opened to set- tlement. The sale of lands west of the South Mountain was first authorized in 1733. The Proprietary reserved the Manor of Conococheague, a tract of eleven thousand acres. Some of the earliest settlers came from the east and southeast. They were principally English in nationality and Episcopal in faith. But by far the largest contingent of settlers in the newly opened ter- ritorj' came from the German connnunities of southeastern Penn- sylvania. These were chiefly Lutherans and Keformed. They were mainly devoted to agricultural pursuits, and the Conoco- cheague settlement formed one of the links in the chain of flour- ishing farms between Pennsylvania and the Valley of Virginia. Just what year the Lutheran congregation on the Conoco- cheague began it is not possible to determine. The earliest refer- ence to any church organization among the Lutherans of this settlement occurs in the year 1747. Rev. Michael Schlatter, the missionary of the German Reformed Church, makes an entr}^ in his journal, April 29, 1747, in which he records his visit to the Reformed congregation on the Monocac^^ and remarks "If this congregation were united with the one called Conococheague, Iving tliirty miles distant, the two would be able to sustain a min- 24 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. ister." The reference is to the okl union organization of St. Paul's known as "the Lutheran and Reformed Congregations on the West Side of the Conocoeheague Bridge." How much earlier than 1747 this organization was in existence it is impossible now to ascertain. Before the middle of the century these German pioneers, Lu- theran and Reformed, had built themselves a log church and a schoolhouse. The principal Lutheran families were the Brewers, Firys, Barkmans, and Stines. But many years elapsed before they could secure the services of a regular pastor, and we are not even informed that they had a schoolmaster who could read ser- mons to them on the Lord's Day and lead their singing of hymns. They seem to have been wholly dependent upon the very occa- sional visits of such itinerant missionaries as John Nicholas Kurtz and John Caspar Stoever and Charles Frederick Wildbahn. In 1770 Wildbahn resided at McAUisterstown (now Hanover) and served a large number of congregations south and west, e. g. Taneytown, Tom's Creek, Point Creek, St. John's near Littles- town, and Owen's Creek. In this wide circuit he also occasion- ally included Conocoeheague. He had come from Saxon.y as a soldier in the employ of Great Britian, but as he was a man of splendid education, classical training, fine eloquence, and good character, his countrymen in America soon besought him to be- come their teacher and then their pastor. He began to teach at Winchester, Virginia. Already in 1762 four or five congrega- tions in southern Pennsylvania and Maryland had asked the Pennsylvania Ministerium to ordain Mr. Wildbahn so that he might minister to their spiritual wants. Among these petition- ing congregations was that of the Conocoeheague settlement. The petition was granted and Wildbahn was ordained. He took up his abode at McAUisterstown and traveled over a wide terri- tory' hunting up scattered villages of his German brethren and ministering to them in holy things. But the Lutherans on the Conocoeheague found themselves so far removed from the parsonage at Hanover that they began to desire more frequent services and a more accessible pastor. So in 1770 they sent delegates to the meeting of the Ministerium in Reading with the request that their congregation be separated from McAUisterstown and that they be provided with a pastor of their own. The petition was granted and a Mr. Frederiei was proposed to the congregation. But the proposal did not result in a call. That same year John Nicholas Kurtz became pastor at York. He is said to have done much work in exploring and ministering EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. SO to the Liitlicrans in the sparsely settled eoniitry west of the Sus- quehanna. So after Wildbahn's ministrations to the Conoeo- cheagiie settlement had ceased Pastor Kurtz paid them occasional visits until 1772. In that year the congregation again appears before the Ministerium in Lancaster, Pastor Kurtz himself being the President, and Muhlenberg* records in his journals : "A dele- gate appeared from vacant congregations in a region situated between the boundaries of Pennsylvania and Virginia in Mary- land, and called by the Indian name Cannegotschick. These congregations Senior Kurtz visited now and then, and adminis- tered to them the means of grace. This district is said to be very populous and to abound in various sorts of sectarian agitators. The delegate presented a petition for an able teacher and pastor, and said to me privately that they desired the elder Mr. Kurtz, but if this could not be, they would like to have Frederick Muh- lenberg or the younger Mr. Kurtz The President pro- posed his brother, Mr. Kurtz, Junior We all agreed to the proposition and Mr. Kurtz accepted it" on certain conditions. These conditions were evidentl}" not fulfilled, for this Mr. Kurtz never became their pastor. Meanwhile in 1762 Jonathan Hager had laid out the town which bears his name. It had grown rapidly and a flourishing Lutheran congregation had been organized there sometime before 1769. So in 1772 the Lutheran congregation west of the Conoco- cheague linked its fortune to that of St. John's Church in Hagers- town and from that date until 1823 the Hagerstown pastor was at the same time the pastor of old St. Paul 's. During this period four distinguished names are recorded as pastors of the charge that included old St. Paul's, those of Rev. John George Young, Rev. John George Schmucker, Rev. Solomon Schaeffer, and Rev. Benjamin Kurtz. And just as the Monocacy congregation had been overshadowed by the church in Frederick, so the St. Paul 's congregation of the Conococheague settlement became an outpost of St. John's in Hagerstown. It thus passes beyond the pioneer stage. The original log church that was built by the Conococheague settlers long before the\' were able to secure the services of a regular pastor even from so remote a point as Hanover, was erected on the north side of the old trail now known as the Na- tional Pike. It stood on an eminence known as Cedar Ridge. In 1795, during the pastorate of John George Schmucker, the log church was exchanged for one of stone. And this has since been superseded by one of brick. Among the early German settlers at Conococheague were the 26 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Pratliers, Polls (Poes),) Burkliardts, Startzmans, Snevelys, StuUs, Wolgamuths, Hausers, Elwicks, Kendricks, and Shryocks. That the Coiiocoeheague settlement grew so slowly and that the Lutheran Chnreh there did not become independent and self- sup port in";- until the second quarter of the Nineteenth Century, is to be explained from the exposed condition of the frontier set- tlement and the discouraging events attending its beginning. There were still many Indians in western Maryland when this settlement began. Schlatter, writing of the Conococheague re- gion in 1749, says: "In this neighborhood there are still many Indians, who are well disposed and very obliging and are not disinclined towards the Christians when they are not made drunk l)y strong drink. ' ' The early settlers on the Conococheague lived in peace with the Indians. But the settlers had prepared themselves against possible trouble by building block-houses, one where Governor Sharpe afterwards erected Fort Frederick, and one on the west side of the Conococheague about a half mile south of the point where the National Pike crosses the creek. This house was used for public worship until a church was built. But when the French and Indian War broke out this frontier settlement was made to suffer. The formerly well disposed Indians, instigated by French money and influence, became infuriated savages and applied the tomahawk to the peaceful settlers and the torch to their homes and crops. When Braddock was defeated on the Monongahela, July 9, 1755, a general panic ensued among the white settlers of western Maryland. In the Conococheague set- tlement large numbers of people deserted their homes and re- tired for safety to the interior of the province. So great was the desertion on the frontier that George Washington wrote in Au- gust, 1756: "The whole settlement of Conococheague has fled and there remain now only two families from there to Frederick- town. ' ' As Fort Cumberland (near the present city of Cumberland) was too far to the westward to afford adequate protection Gov- ernor Sharpe built Fort Frederick, an extensive fortification with massive stone walls near the Potomac fourteen miles above the Conococheague. Here a strong garrison was stationed and to the end of the hostilities it afforded protection to our settlement of Lutherans. Parties of Indians still devastated the frontier, however, especially in 1763, when a second exodus similar to that in 1755 occurred. But in 1764 the allied tribes of Pontiac's con- federacy were finally defeated and the western frontier of Maryland at last enjoyed the benefits of undisturbed tranquillity EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 27 and our settlement entered upon its first period of rapid growth and development. In Baltimore. The third center from which Lutheranism in Maryland radi- ated is Baltimore. This city which is to-day the largest cit.v south of the Mason and Dixon, the fourth in size among the cities on the Atlantic seaboard, and the seventh among all the cities in the United States, is now a stronghold of Lutheranism and with the grov/th of the metropolis has far outstripped the other two settlements that constituted the pioneers of Lutheranism in Maryland. But in the colonial times it was not so. The Luther- an Church was well established in the western part of the prov- ince before she even made her appearance in Baltimore, and all through the Eighteenth Century her growth in P\-ederick and Washington Counties surpassed her slow progress in the seaport town. Baltimore was laid out as a town in 1730 but was not incor- porated as a city until 1796. Annapolis, on the other hand, had been incorporated one hundred years earlier and for many years the Port of Severn, as Ainiapolis was called, was of far greater importance as a seaport than Baltimore. The Lutherans who came to Maryland directly from the Fatherland before 1760 ar- rived mostly at the port of Annapolis and finding no industries there to attract them and no fertile fields promising rewards for thrift, most of them pushed at once into the interior and took up their abode on the rich soil of western Maryland and thus helped to increase the population on the Monocacy and on the Conoco- cheague. Those who came to Maryland from southeastern Penn- sylvania as a rule crossed the Susquehanna from forty to sixty miles north of the state line and following the southwestward trend of the vallej^s also reached the western parts of colonial Maryland and helped to swell the Lutheran settlements there. It was not until towards the middle of the Nineteenth Century when the growing industries of Baltimore began to attract im- migration on a large scale and to multipl,y her population at a rapid rate that the Lutherans in the metropolis began to out- number those in the country charges farther west. It is signifi- cant also that while the pastor of the Lutheran congregation in Baltimore was active in the organization of the Maryland Synod in 1820 and was President of the body during its first four con- ventions, nevertheless the Synod did not meet in Baltimore until its thirteenth convention in 1832 and then not again until the thirty-fourth convention in 1853. 28 HIRTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. For full twenty years after John Caspar Stoever liad organ- ized the Lutherans on the Monocacy into a congregation and for nearly a decade after a union organization of Lutherans and Reformed is reported in the Conococheague settlement, no Lu- theran organization of any kind had been effected in Baltimore. The number of Lutherans there increased very slowly. Shortly after Baltimore was first laid out (1730) several German fami- lies, mostly of Lutheran confession, took up their abode there. The very first of these was Vitus Hareweg, a harness-maker. Andrew Steiger was the first butcher. I). Barnitz and a Mr. Leonard from York, Pennsylvania, established the first brewery. G. M. Meyer erected the first mill. And Valentine Larsch built an inn. Only very slowly did their number grow. Proof of this is contained in documents in the archives of Zion Church to-day wdiich indicate that in the time shortly before 1758 the little flock did not consist of more than eleven persons. Small in number and poor in respect of temporal goods, most of them being artisans who had just begun the struggle for ex- istence in the new country, they could not for a long time form a regular congregation and secure the services of a regular pastor. Nevertheless, these few were eager to preserve the faith of their fathers and to be edified in it. They gladly welcomed, therefore, anyone who bore the name of Lutheran pastor and was willing to preach to them as he passed through the town. Both the Luther- ans and Reformed had to endure ' ' sermons of itinerant preachers, often of unsavory reputation and bad conduct, until at last the congregation had so far increased that a preacher, for little money, came six or eight times a year from Pennsylvania to this town and performed both preaching and administration of Holy Supper. ' ' Not until 1755 did the congregation succeed in securing the regular services of a pastor. The name of this first pastor was John George Bager. Pastor Bager had come to this country in 1752. For six months he had served congregations in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, and in 1753 he had become the pastor of the Lutheran Church at Hanover. His field of labors, however, included all the scattered Lutherans in York, Adams, Cumber- land, and Franklin Counties. So in 1755, when Pastor Bager was barely thirty years of age, the Lutherans in Baltimore persuaded him to include them also in his circuit. In the chronicles of the congregations it is recorded that Rev. Bager "for three consecu- tive years came down from Pennsylvania six times a year, admin- istering the spiritual functions in preaching and sacraments, and enjoying from this not more than five pounds per year. This was EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 29 next to nothing (blutvvenig) indeed as a reward for the painstak- ing of a spiritual guide. The congregation, however, consisting only of eleven persons and the majority of them having no su- perfluous means, the good man was satisfied with it until the journey of over sixty miles became too arduous for him and he accepted another call. ' ' Eager was succeeded in this relationship with the Baltimore Lutherans by John Caspar Kirchner. Like his predecessor Kirchner had been ordained in Germany. He was stationed in York County where he had charge of several smaller congrega- tions. He likewise agreed to come down from Pennsylvania every sixth week to preach and administer the sacraments in Bal- timore. For this service the congregation agreed to pay him at the rate of six pounds, Pennsylvania gold, for nine months. He continued thus to be their visiting preacher for five years, from 1758 to 1763. In 1762 the first church building was erected. Up to that time tlie Lutheran services had been held in the English church, and when through "baleful envy" that privilege was withdrawn they were continued in private homes. As early as 1758 efforts had been made to buy a lot and build a church jointly with the Re- formed, who were more numerous than the Lutherans. But there were serious obstacles and disagreeable experiences. The harmony that up to this time had prevailed l)etween the Luther- ans and Reformed in the town was sadly disrupted. The Re- formed bought the lot and built their church in 1758 and four years later after much waiting and despite discouraging circum- stances the Lutherans succeeded in buying a lot and at once erected a wooden building. The chronicler exults: "And to their glory be it known to posterity, our members although weak and few in number, still with much zeal endeavored to provide everj^thing necessary for the erection of the church, and with concerted efforts began to build and in a short time completed the work. Accordingly, we now had a church of our own. ' ' Shortly after the church building had been completed Rev. Kirchner accepted a call in Pennsylvania too distant to permit of serving the Baltimore congregation. This was in 1763. Again, therefore. Rev. Bager was re(|uested to minister to them occasionally and for two years more he served them as visiting preacher. During this period the congregation enjoyed occa- sional visits also from other itinerant pastors. Chief among these was John Christopher Hartwick, who in the course of his wanderings spent the greater part of a winter in Baltimore. Then in 1765 Pastor Kirchner returned from remoter Penn- 30 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. sylvania and l)oii<>ht himself a plantation in "the Barrens" not far from Baltimore. During- his first period of service as visit- ing preacher he had so deeply endeared himself to the Baltimore Lutherans by his exemplary life and by his faithful administra- tion of his spiritual office, that they now prevailed on him to come among them and accept their call as permanent pastor. Kirchner thus in 1765 became the first resident pastor of Zion Church. The annalist records of him: "He now preached every Sunday and received fifty pounds per year, a sum, to be sure, small enough for a spiritual guide. He could hardly eat his fill. Yea, we have found him at times eating his bread with tears. He was poor, which made him shy and despondent. But he was thoroughly honest and attended to his pastoral office with dignity and without hypocrisy, as befits a minister." The congregation now had its own church and its own pastor and so was in a position to establish a firmer legal organization. A parochial school was begun, a regular .system of bookkeeping was introduced, and above all a formal constitution was adopted. The constitution was written by Pastor Kirchner in 1769 and was signed by the entire membership consisting of forty persons. At the same time the language question began to appear and this was destined long afterwards to lead to the establishing of an- other Lutheran church in the city and thus to begin that era of expansion in Baltimore Lutheranism that has continued down to the present. Pastor Kirchner died in 1773, higldy esteemed for his work's sake, and was succeeded as pastor of Zion Church by John Sieg- fried Gerock. Pastor Gerock had come to this country in 1753 and had been pastor of Trinitv Church in Lancaster fourteen years and of Christ Church in New York six years. During his pastorate of thirteen years in Baltimore the church experienced rapid growth. He sought to give the congregation even firmer organization than it had under Pastor Kirchner. To that end in 1773 he revised the constitution. The new instrument was sub- scribed by one hundred forty-seven persons, more than three times the number that had subscribed in 1769. So rapid was the growth of the congregation that a larger house of worship soon became necessary. The wooden house was torn down and a brick building was erected in its place. Twelve years later this build- ing also had become too small for the growing congregation. So in 1785 it was enlarged by an addition which was considerably larger than the church itself had been. At the dedication of this a]inex in 1785 a young man, John Daniel Kurtz, delivered the sermon. That same year he was EARLY LUTHERAN SETTLEMENTS IN MARYLAND. 31 called to be the second pastor as Pastor Gerock was now well up in years. Two years later when Gerock died, Kurtz became the regular pastor and so continued for forty-six years. As such in 1820 he was active in the organization of our Maryland 8ynod and, became its tirst president. His career as pastor and as churchman will be considered in another connection. Zion Church was the only home and rallying point of Luther- anism in Baltimore in the Eighteenth and the first quarter of the Nineteenth Century. The First English Lutheran Church did not come into existence until 1826. As its name implies it was largely the outgrowth of the demand for services in the Eng- lish language. But Zion Church continued to be the only Lu- theran Church for the Germans of Baltimore. This was well, for it permitted all the other Lutheran churches of the city to grow apace unobstructed by any annoyance's arising out of the language question. In 1848 when the new German immigratio]i began, Zion Church welcomed the newcomers and provided for their spiritual wants. But meanwhile, about 1840, the synodical relation of Zion Church with the Lutheran Church had been dis- solved. Pastor Heinrich Scheib, who had come to this country in 1835 and who was pastor of Zion Church for more than sixty years, was a man of liberal theological views and this fact, to- gether with personal differences with some of the brethren in the ministry, led to the withdrawal of the pastor from the minis- terium and the withdrawal of the congregation from the synod. The Lutheran Cyclopedia, through Professor E. J. Wolf, says simply : ' ' The mother church was alienated from the Lutlieran Church and from svnodical connection through a rcHionalist ]ias- tor." Such were the beginnings of the Lutheran Church in Mary- land, on the Monocacy, on the Conococheague, and in Baltimore. Primitive and unpromising they seem to us in the perspective of two centuries. But in one striking characteristic those pioneer Lutherans can still read a lesson to our day : they thirsted after the Word of God and the.y longed for sermon and sacrament ac- cording to the faith of their Lutheran fathers. The problem of the missionary in that day was not so much to keep the people in the faith and get them into the churches but rather to supply the ministry of the Word to those who trul.y loved the faith and of their own initiative had organized themselves into congregations with Lutheran consciousness and Lutheran aim. "There is that scattereth and yet increas- eth." — Proverbs 11:24. "A little one shall become a thousand, and a small one a strong nation." — Isaiah 60:22. CHAPTER ir. EARLY LUTHERAN EXPANSION AND THE SPECIAL CONFERENCES OF PASTORS. The frontiers of civilization and culture are never stationary. Likewise the vang-uards of faith and piety are always moving. The axe that clears the forest for the tilling of the soil is the axe that fells the timbers for the building of the church. As the venturesome invader penetrates the wilderness in the search of a livelihood he carries his faith, his hope, aud his love along with him and he soon turns and beckons for spiritual ministry to come to him. And so it was that the three pioneer Lutheran settle- ments whose beginnings we have studied did not long stand alone in colonial Maryland. From the blossomiug fields of the Monoc- acy and the thriving county-seat of Frederick, from the fertile soil on the Conococheague and the flourishing town of Jonathan Hager, from the busy growing city bearing the name of the Pro- pietary Lord Baltimore, the population by natural increase and by steady additions from without grew aud multiplied and spread into all the byways of the province. Accordingly, in the last quarter of the Eighteenth Century and the first quarter of the Nineteenth we find Lutheraus here, there, and elsewhere in the state bauding themselves together into congregations or loose communities of faith, sending out the call for help and inviting Lutheran preachers to minister to them in sermon and sacrament. The scene of the earliest Lutheran expansion was, quite natu- rally, the region lying between the two pioneer settlements in w^estern Maryland. More than thirty miles of the National Pike stretch between Frederick and Clearspring and in the inviting valleys extending north and south of this old trail, the Middle- town and the Hagerstown Valleys, the second wave of settlers took up their claims and established the arts of civilization and religion. The earliest Lutheran organization in Maryland foll®wing those on the Monocacy and the Conococheague seems to have been in the Middletoivn Valley. Here the first church was erected about two miles southwest of where Middletown now stands. The site for the church was purchased in 1750 and the building was erected the next year or shortly thereafter. This congrega- 33 3 34 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. tinn was known as Zion C'liurch and it was the mother of the Lu- therans in the \'aUe,>'. It drew its mem])ership from those who came from Pennsylvania by way of the Monocacy settlement. It was a joint congregation of the Lutherans and Reformed and about twenty years after the first organization had been formed, in 1771, the Lutheran part of the congregation removed into Middletown and built its own Zion Church there. The names of the pastors of this church before 1779 are matters of conjecture, but it seems probable that the congregation was served first by the pastor of Frederick and then by the pastor of Hagerstown until Rev. Young left Hagerstown in 1779 when Middletown se- cured her first resident pastor in the person of Rev. Frederick Gerrisheim. Farther west along the same line of travel more Lutheran colonies began to make their appearance. Already in 1754 there was a Lutheran congregation and "meeting house" on the An- tietam Creek about four miles from Hagerstown. At that time the congregation consisted of about thirteen families and was served bj^ Pastor Hausihl who traveled all the wa^' from the Monocacy where he had settled in 1752 as pastor of the Monocacy and Frederick charge. When Rev. Young came to Hagerstown in 1772 the congregation on the Antietam, numbering then about sixty families, was placed under his charge and in 1787 they erected a new church, two miles east of the old location, at the present site of Beeircl's, or St. Peter's of the Leitersburg charge. A few years after the beginning of Beard's Church, in 1757, Pastor Eager of Conewago organized a congregation of Luther- ans on Toms Creek in Frederick County, twenty-three miles from Frederick, thirty miles from Hagerstown, and two and a half miles west of the present town of Emmitshurg. A church was built in the year of the organization and the congregation grew slowly until thirty years later it numbered about thirty- five families. It was then a part of the Hagerstown charge. This congregation is to-day Elias Lutheran Church in Ernrnitsburg. Over in Carroll County, at Manchester in 1760, another con- gregation was organized and church built and for many years it was served by the pastor at Hanover, ten miles north. The next year an organization was formed eight miles southwest of Man- chester at Kriders (near AVestminster), now St. Benjamin's of the Salem charge, and this congregation also was under the care of Pastor Bager of Hanover and his successors. The follov/ing 3^ear, 1762, St. Mary's Lutheran Church of Silver Ruu, was or- ganized by the same pastor. Then in 1767 a dozen Lutheran families in Frederick County LUTHERAN EXPANSION AND SPECIAL CONFE^RENCES. 35 united to form a second Lutheran Church in the Monocacy Val- ley. This was the Rocky Hill Church (now Grace of the Woods- boro charge) about six miles from the old Monocacy Church. The organization was probably effected by Charles Frederick Wildbahn, the faithful and talented school teacher from Win- chester, whom we have noted in connection with the Conoco- cheague settlement, whom Muhlenberg had licensed to perform ministerial acts, who from McAllisterstown ministered to a large number of congregations, as high as nineteen at one time, and who helped to consecrate the church building at Rocky Hill in 1768. Down near the mouth of the Potomac in the old settlement of Georgetown, Lutherans, coming probably from Virginia, had or- ganized themselves into a congregation already in 1769, had re- ceived a donation of a church lot and had built a log church on it. But their numbers were so small and their congregational existence so precarious that for a long time they were scarcely able to maintain public worship even with the occasional aid of the missionary pastors who came over from Virginia. For a con- siderable length of time services were intermitted and in 1829 the Lutheran Church was obliged to resort to the courts of law in order to maintain her rights to the property granted the Georgetown congregation in 1769. West of the South Mountain, in the vicinity of Hagerstovvn, the process of organizing the scattered Lutherans into congrega- tions continued. In 1771 a congregation of sixteen families was gathered at Finiksfoioi (then Jerusalem) and a union church was built. The first pastor was Charles Frederick Wildbahn who lived at McAllisterstown and ministered to such a wide circuit of congregations. Three A^ears later Ringer's Lutheran Church was organized in the schoolhouse on Ringgold's Manor, near Foun- tain Rock, six miles from Hagerstown, under the pastoral care of Rev. Young of Hagerstown. In 1802 this congregation re- moved three miles into the town of Boo)ishoro. Towards the close of the century the number of churches began to increase even more rapidly. In 1783 Wiitter's Church (now St. Luke's of the Uniontown charge) was organized by Pastor Schroeter of Hanover. In 1788, if not earlier, Trinity Church of Taneytoivn became a distinct organization. In 1790 St. John's, near Myersville, was established as a part of the Middletown charge. The next year Jacob's Church (now of the Leitersburg charge) came into existence. Then in 1793 came Bach man's Church (now Jerusalem Church of the North Carroll charge). The next year, 1794, and perhaps even earlier, AUgeier's Church 36 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. (now St. Paul's of Arcadia) was added to the Jong list of mis- sions established by the pastor at Hanover. In that same year Baust's (now Emmanuel Church of the Tniontown charpe) first took form. At the same time away up the Potomac Friederich Wilhelm Lauge, licentiate of theology and missionary in Bedford County, Penn.sylvania, came down from Pejiusylvania and or- ganized the Lutherans in the neighborhood of old Fort Cumber- land, and this was the beginning of St. Paul's of Camherland. The pastors of these congregations were almost without excep- tion members of the Pennsylvania Ministerium which was or- ganized in 17-1:8 and was the only synodical organization among Lutherans between New York and North Carolina until 1820 the year in which the Maryland Synod was organized. As members of the Ministerium these pastors generally met in conference an- nually. But the means of transportation were so limited and the meeting places of the Ministerium were generally so remote from the fields of these Maryland pastors that they were often obliged to forego the pleasure of meeting with their brethren in synodical convention. Towards the clos? of the Eighteenth Century there- fore these faithful laborers between the Mason and Dixon on the north and the Potomac on the south began to feel the need for conference and counsel among themselves concerning their own peculiar problems and needs. The impulse to these Special Conferences and the initiative in the movement came from the Lutheran pastors beyond the Po- tomac River in Virginia. As the Maryland Synod when it was organized consisted almost one-half of pastors and congregations in Virginia it will be necessary to consider briefl.y the beginnings of the Lutheran churches in the Shenandoah Valley. The earliest Lutheran settlement in Virginia seems to have been in Spott.s!jh'a)iia Coiuiiy, now Madison County. This is the Hebron church of to-day. These jjioneer Lutherans came partly' from North Carolina and partly direct from Europe. In 1717 they were served for a short time by Anthony Jacob Henkel from Pennsylvania. From 1728 to 1734 they had th*^ ministra- tions of John Caspar Stoever, father of the man of the same name whom we have met in Maryland. Then for a long period, from 1736 to 1764, George Samuel Klug was their faithful min- ister. He was succeeded by Pastor John Schwarbach, 1765-1775, and Pastor Frank, 1775-1778. Probably also Peter Muhlenberg preached in the old Hebron Church. Later on, Paul Henkel, while active as a missionary in Virginia, had the congregation under his supervision. All of these pastors extended their min- istrations also to the Lutherans in neighboring counties. LUTHKRAN EXPANSION AND SPECIAL CONFERENCES. 37 Meanwhile a number of other Lutheran congregations had sprung up on Virginia soil. In 1772 Peter Muhlenberg had been sent to Virginia to sup]ily the s]iiritual needs of the scattered Lutherans in the Shenandoah \'alley. He located at Woodstock (then Muellerstadt) and made it the center of his large field. From that point he traveled extensively through the Valley and the mountains in the west, preaching wherever Lutherans could be found. Among his friends while he was pastor at Woodstock were George Washington and Patrick Henry. It is well known how, after preaching a sermon on the seriousness of the times and pronouncing the benediction, he cast off his clerical robe and appeared before his congregation in the glittering uniform of a colonel. His subsequent patriotic activities, during the Revo- lutionary AVar and afterwards, constitute an important chapter in American history. During the long vacancy that followed Muhlenberg's resigna- tion the old church at Woodstock enjoj^ed the occasional services of Charles Frederick Wildbahn, Jacob Goering, and Daniel Kurtz. In 1805 Nicholas Schmucker took charge of the field, and he was the pastor at Woodstock when the Maryland and Vir- ginia Sj-nod was organized in 1820. Another field in Virginia that was favored with a resident pastor was Wiiwhester. Here a Lutheran organization had been formed as earl.y as 175.3, for on May 15th of that year Lord Fair- fax gave the Lutherans of Winchester "two lots of ground, em- bracing one acre, for sacred uses. ' ' The uncertain conditions of life and the stirring events incident to the French and Indian War prevented the erection of a church building for some years. The work was begun in 1764. Pastor Kirchner of Baltimore formally laid the corner stone. Owing to the distractions and ex- citements of the Revolutionary War the edifice was not finally completed until 1793. In the meantime the congregation had succeeded in securing a resident pastor. This was Christian Streit. He was only thirty-six years old when he came to Winchester but he had made full proof of his ministry in Pennsylvania, at Charleston, South Carolina, and as a chaplain in the army. He settled in Winche' ter in 1785 and ministered there until 1812, a long period of de- voted service, in the course of which he instructed William Car- penter in theology and prepared him for the ministry. Streit was the pastor at Winchester when in 1793 the church there was the meeting-place of the first of those Special Conferences held before the organization of the Synod, and he was the president of that first Conference. After Pastor Streit 's death Rev. Abra- 38 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. liain Reek, a youno- man of twenty-two, took up tlie work at AYin- chester, and he was the pastor loci when the Synod was organized therein 1820. New Market in Shenandoah County had become the home of Rev. Paul Henk^l and liis family in 1790, and within two j-ears a house of worship was erected there. This was known for half a century as Davidsburg Church. Paul Henkel was another of the original members of the Special Conferences. At Martinshurfj the nucleus of a congregation had been gath- ered as early as 1775 or 1776 and the organization was completed in 1779. This congregation was served by the Lutheran mini'^ters residing at other places in the Valle.y until 1790 when Martins- burg secured her first resident pastor in the person of John David Young. Other Lutheran congregations organized in the Valley during the latter half of the Eighteenth Century, but for the most part served by the pastors of the congregations already enumerated, were : New Jerusalem Church, near Lovettsville in Loudon Coun- ty (built 1765) ; Peaked Mountain Church in Rockingham Coun- t3' near McGaheysville (built 1768) ; Rader's Church, near Tim- berville (1768) ; St. Paul's, Strasburg, then called Staufferstadt (1769); St. Peter's, six miles north of Elkton (1777); Koiner's Church, Augusta Count}- (1780) of which Rev. Adolph Spindle was probably the first pastor; Mount Tabor, Augusta County (1785) ; Shepherdstown, then called Mecklenburg (built 1795) ; Staunton ; Zion Church, near Hamburg ; St. Jacob's, near Conic- ville; Solomon's, near Forestville; and Frieden's, seven miles south of Harrisonburg. The Special Conferences. The care of all these congregations was committed to a few men. They were few in number but to a man they were faithful in their ministry and sincereh" anxious to minister the Word and the Sacraments to the growing numbers of Lutherans scattered over all that region in Virginia. As they were so remote from the meeting-places of the Pennsylvarna Ministerium to which the}' belonged, their names were fre(|uently recorded among the absentees of the Mother Synod, more frequentl}- even than the names of their brethren just north of the Potomac River. In- stinctively therefore these men longed for companionship and conferences among themselves. Provision for such conferences had been made in the constitu- tion adopted by the Ministerium in 1781, in which it was pro- LUTHERAN EXPANSION AND SPECIAL CONFERENCES. o9 yided that ''ministers dwelling close together in one county or district confer in regard to special meetings or Conferences to be appointed." Two years later it was recorded that "The pres- ent congregations are divided into districts and it is most ear- nestly recommended to all the brethren that they renew and maintain Special Conferences." The idea evidently grew in favor, for in the new constitution of the Ministerium adopted in 1792 a separate chapter is devoted to "Special or District Meetings." Here it is specified among other things that "Special meetings are to be held by pastors of the Ministerium living contiguous to each other, as often as cir- cumstances may require, and each congregation under the care of such minister may send a delegate to such meeting, having seat and vote. The objects of such meetings are to promote the wel- fare of the respective congregations and of the German schools within the District; to examine, decide and determine the busi- ness and occurrences in their congregations that are brought be- fore them. A special meeting is not to be permitted under any pretence whatever to enter upon business belonging to the Min- isterium. The acts of the meeting are to be transmitted by the chairman to the President of the Ministerium, to be laid by him before the next Synodical or Ministerial Meeting." It is recom- mend(>d that such conferences busy themselves especially Avith sucli matters as "mutual edification," the exchange of experi- ences incurred in the discharge of official duties, and "the con- sideration of such Bible truths as the circumstances and wants of the church seem to require." Encouraged by this action of the Mother Synod the little group of faithful pastors in Virginia proceeded early in 1793 to or- ganize themselves into a Special Conference. This was the first conference to receive official notice in the minutes of the Min- isterium. The record in the minutes of May 27, 1793, is this: "A letter from Rev. Mr. Christian Streit was read, in which he excused his absence with satisfactory reasons, and gave a pleas- ing report of a Special Conference held in Virginia, the Protocol of which was referred to the Ministerial Meeting." Before long the Virginia pastors were joined in their Conference by some of their brethren from Maryland. And these Special Conferences were but preliminary steps leading in course of time to the or- ganization of a separate s.ynod known as the Synod of Maryland and Virginia. There were at least fourteen of these Special Conferences be- fore the Synod was organized. The first was at Winchester, January 6 and 7, 1793. The ministers present were Christian 40 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Strcit of Winchester, John David Y()un<>: of Martinsbnro:, Panl Henkel of New Market, and William Carpenter of Culpeper (Madison) . These men were in the very vigor of their daj^s. The eldest was Yonng', only forty-nine years of age, Streit was five years younger. Henkel was thirty-nine, and Carpenter was only thirty-one. The record of their meeting opens with this simple declaration: "We four ministers of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, living and serving congregations in the State of Vir- ginia, being present in Winchester on the 6th day of January, 1798, commenced our Conference, on this Epiphany Sunday, by holding solemn religious services." Henkel preached in the morning and Carpenter in the afternoon. Lay delegates are re- ported presant from the church councils of Winchester, Martins- burg, Shepherdstown, Stone Church, Newtown, Strasburg, and Woodstock. At the business session the following day Pastor Streit was elected president and Pastor Young secretary. Streit had taken the lead in calling the Conference as he had been in the field longer than any of the other pastors and he was president of the Conference until his death in 1812. At this first session provi- sion was made for receiving one properly accredited lay delegate from each congregation in the State having a pastor, or desiring to procure one, regularlj^ connected with the Synod. It was re- solved that the members of the Conference would not separate themselves from the Ministerium of Pennsylvania nor take any action that would come into conflict with its regulations, and that the Conference would make it a "prominent aim to devise ways and means for the improvement of our young people and children in knowledge and piety," and that the proceedings of the Conference would in each case be made known to the congre- gations and if approved by them would be laid before the Synod for examination and endorsement. By w^ay of perpetuating the organization it was resolved that a Conference meeting should be held annually thereafter beginning on the first Sunday in Oc- tober. These resolutions were adhered to and for a quarter of a cen- tury thereafter, with some intermissions, the Conference met regularly each year on the first Sunday in October. The second meeting was held at Strasburg in October, 1793, the third at Mar- tinsburg in 1794, the fourth at Staunton in 1795, the fifth at Cul- peper (Madison) in 1796, the sixth at Woodstock in 1797, and the seventh at Shepherdstown in 1798. Then there seems to have been an intermission of seven years without any meeting of the Conference, for the next meeting that we can find any trace of LUTHERAN EXPANSION AND SPECIAL CONFERENCES. 41 took place in 1805 at Woodstock. The next year a meeting was held at Rader's Church in Rockinoham County, then at New Market in 1807, at Winchester agaiji in 3808, at Solomon's Church in 1809, at Woodstock in 1815, and finally at Culpeper in 1817. These Conferences all followed the general plan outlined at the first Conference in Winchester which we have described. They were chiefly of a devotional and didactic character. Very little business was transacted. Missionary matters, the training of the young, and the supply of teachers for the schools seem to have mainly occupied the attention of the Conferences in their deliberative sessions. Several times the twentj^-second Sunday after Trinity was set apart as a day of humiliation, fasting and pra^'er, in the churches. It was decided in 1805 on motion of Doctor Solomon Henkel that the twenty-one doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Confession should be appended to the published minutes of that year and that each year a short pastoral letter, adapted to the special needs of the congregations, should be ap- pended to the minutes. In 1807 there was added to the minutes a funeral service and formula for burial, furnished by Doctor Henkel, to be used by school-teachers or other consistent members of the church when no regular minister could be had. The next year it was resolved that the congregations Mdthout pastors should select lay-readers, and the pastors were urged to conduct private meetings in their congregations as often as possible in order to edify the members by prayer, song, and instruction. It is interesting to note that the pastoral letter of 1809 complains that the ministers were not able to do their mission work partly because they were rich and unable to undergo the hardships con- nected with traveling, partly because the congregations support- ing them refused to let them go. The statistical appendix of that year shows forty-nine organized congregations in Virginia, many of them in the central and southwestern parts of the Valley. It is rather remarkable that the minutes of 1817 contain no refer- ence whatever to the tercentenary of the Reformation. The meeting of 1817 is the last of which we have anj' record. Meanwhile the personnel of the Conference had been changing, and the pastors in the southern and southwestern parts of the State were slowly gravitating toward the Synod of North Condon Cty, Va. Rev. Abraham Reck, Winchester, Va. Rev. Benj. Kurtz, Hagerstown, Md. Rev. Miciiael Meverheffer, Madison, Va. Rev. John Kehler Middlctown, I\ld. Rev. JMichael Wachter Frederick City, A[d. Rev. Charles P. Krauth Shepperdstown, Va. Rev. Nicholas Schmucher, Woodstock (Shenandoah), Va. Laii-Delcfiofes. Frederick Loehr, Frederick. John Baker, Winchester. Abraham Reck, Taneytown. George Shryock Hagerstown. Frederick Kief er, T.ondon Cty. Jacob Bishop Shep]>erdstown. Jacob Ott, Woodstock. The Revd. Dr. Kurtz was appointed Cliairman, and David F. Sclmeffer Secretarv. The Revd. Ciiairmau introduced the business of this session with a prayer. On motion of Rev. B. Kurtz, Hesolvcd, That a Committee, consisting of three Pastors and three Lay-. delegates, be now appointed, to draught a constitution for this Synod, and that tho constitutions of the Pennsylvania and New York Synods be con- sulted by the Committee. The Revd. Messrs. B. Kurtz, Grob and Krauth, and Messrs. Shryock, Loehr and Baker, Lay-delegates, were appointed accordingly. Adjourned to 3 o'clock, p. m. The session was closed with prayer by Mr. Sackman. Three o'clock, p. m. — Prayer by Revd. B. Kurtz. The Chairman of the Committee appointeil to draught a Constitution for this Synod, reported in part; and in the name of the Committee requested further time to complete the report, which was readily granted. The Revd. Mr. Krauth, closed with a ]irayer. This evening. Divine service was performed by the Revd. Mr. Schaeffer. Adjourned to 9 o'clock, A.M., October 12th. October 12th, 9 o 'clock. — The Revd. Mr. Reck introduced the business with prayer. The Revd. B. Kurtz continued the report of a Constitution for this Synod. On motion, Besolved, "That the Constitution, as reported by the Revd. B. Kurtz, with the amendments made by this body, be now adopted." 52 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. On motion, Besolred, That this Constitution may be altered and amended at the next Synodical meeting, by a majority of the members who shall then be present. On motion, Fc.solved, That the 8ynod do now elect the officers for the en- suing rear. Tho Kcvd. Meyerhefifer and G. Sliryock were appointed to receive the votes. The following brethren were then deelareil duly elected: Daniel Kurtz, President; David F. Schaeffer, Secretary; Abraham Eeck, Treasvrer. On motion, Eesolved, That Dr. Kurtz and Mr. Keck, or any two of the of- ficers elected, be directed to attend the next General ISynod, as representa- tives of this 8ynod, in conjunction witii Mr. G. Shryock. On motion,' Eesol red. That the Seci-etary be authorized to jnirchase the stationery and other articles necessary for this Synod. On motion. Resolved, That a Committee of correspondence be appointed, a.nd that it consist of Mlessrs. Schaeffer, Meyerhefifer, and Krauth. On motion, Eesolved, That one of our brethren be appointed to attend the next Synod of Pennsylvania. The Rcy<\. B. Kurtz was appointed accord- ingly. ()u motion, Resolved, That our representatives for the next General Synod bo instructed to obtain information with regard to the legacy left in Europe, for the benefit of our clergy in this country. Mr. Martin Kibler, (through the Revd. Mr. Reck) expressed his desire to become a member of this Synod. Resolved, That the corresponding committee inform Mr. Kibler, that if he attends at our next synodical meeting, and is approved of upon examina- ticm, he shall be admitted. On motion. Eesolved, vnanimoitsly. That those of our brethren, who are memliers of this Synod, having been ordained as Deacons by the Synoil of Pennsylvania, be, and they are hereliy declared pastors in the Evangelical Lutlieran Cliurch. Application was made by Samuel Hersche to become a member of tliis Synod. Resolved, That he continue his studies under the care of the Rev. Mr. Meyerhefifer, and attend at our next annual meeting. A committee appointed to form a device for a seal to be used by this Synod, reported that the subject had been attended to. — The design was ap- proved of, and the Revd. President directed to have a seal prepared accord- ingly. Prayers were offered by Mr. Sehmucker. On motion, adjourned to 3 o'clock, P. M. Resolved, That it be the duty of every member of this Synod, to prepare materials for a discipline to be introduced into our congregations, and ofifer them at the next annual meeting. On motion, Resolved, That the President be appointed to prepare licenses and certificates of ordination, and that he have 125 copies of each printed, (one-half in the German, and the other in the English language,) on good and substantial paper, with the seal of the Synod attached to each, for the use of the Synod. On motion, Eesolved, That the propriety of a religious) publication, de- voted to the interests of our Clnirch, be and the same is hereby recommended to the serious consideration of the next annual meeting of this Synod. The business of the Synod was now accomplished; every member was de- lighted with the perfect harmony and brotherly love that prevailed through- out the session. Every one was convinced, that in the organization of this Synod, the hand of God was visible, and the aid of His spirit experienced. The President gave notice, that ere he could close the session, the time and ]ilace of the next annual meeting, must be determined. THE ORGANIZATION OF SYNOD. 53 Accordingly an election took place, liy which it was determined that the next annual meeting, be held in Frederick, Maryland, on the first Sunday in September. The brethren having united in singing a hymn, the President offered to the throne of grace, a fervent pi^ayer, and declared the Synod adjourned. The evening divine service was performed l:>y the Revd. B. Kurtz. (Attested) Daniel Kurtz, President; David F. Schaeffer, Secretary. P. S. — Previous and subsequent the session, discourses were delivered, by the Eevd. Messrs. Meyerheffer, Krauth, Kehler and Goodm.an. These minutes were printed in both English and German. The official name in 1820 and the followino- year was "The Evangel- ical Lutheran Synod of Maryland, Virginia, and so forth." In 1822 the name becomes "The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Maryland and Virginia" and so continues until 1833 (except 1830). The pastors of Virginia had formed the Virginia Synod in 1829. Beginning with 1833, therefore, the name has been "The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Maryland." The Synod, however, has never pretended strictly to observe the State lines as its boujidaries but has alwa.vs included a few congregations across the borders in Pennsylvania, in Virginia, and in West Vir- ginia. We observe that of the eleven ministers who organized the S.ynod six were serving charges in Maryland and tive in Virginia. Of the seven lay delegates present three were from congregations in Maryland and four from Virginia. It was a group of com- paratively young men. The oldest minister among them and the onl.y one dignified with a doctorate of divinity was the pastor of Zion Church in Baltimore, J. Daniel Kurtz. He was three years less than three score. Nicholas Schmucker was forty-one, Schaeffer was thirty-five and probal)ly the most influential man in the group. Reck was thirty, Meyerlioelfer was twenty-six, Ben- jamin Kurtz was twenty-five, Krauth was twenty-three, and Keh- ler was only twenty-two, having just completed his theological studies under Schaeffer at Frederick. These men were full of the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, and they inspired into the new organization the spirit that undertakes and achieves. Most of them were natives of Penns^'lvania, two of them, Meyerhoeffer and Kehler, had been born in Frederick, and at least one, Schmucker, had come from Germany. When we glance over the proceedings of that first meeting we observe that the most important items of business were: (1) The adoption of a Constitution; (2) The election of the first of- ficers of the body; (3) The request that each minister prepare materials for a Church Discipline, the beginning of a work which was completed two 3'ears later by Dr. S. S. Schmucker, and which 54 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. became The General Synod's Formula of Government and Dis- cipline; and (4) A resolution to incjuire into the expediencj^ of establishing a Church journal, which resulted in The Lutheran Inielllgencer, edited and published by Rev. D. F. Schaeffer at Frederick from 1826 to 1831, and then superseded by The Lu- theran Observer published first in Baltimore and then in Phila- delphia. Surely this was a worthy beginning for the new-born Synod. CHAPTER IV. THE GROAVTH OF THE SYNOD, EXHIBITED BY DECADES. ^_^ ,-^ ;_^ ^H C3 (S t^ ■. f^ +J OJ Oj Xfl "^ a Ph O) C xn to 0^ ';3 tc ■^ Ph 5; "^ ■-. c ^here he preached regu- larly. In 1822 he was appointed the Synod's missionary to the destitute parts of Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, along the north and south sides of the Alleghenies. In his report the next 3^ear he sets forth that he travelled one thousand and six miles and preached eighty-five sermons. His narrative of his missionary journeys includes some truly thrilling experiences. Reck was personally intimate with Charles Philip Krauth and Benjamin Kurtz in the Maryland Synod and these three were the active aids of S. S. Schmucker in the founding of Gettysburg Seminary. Pastor Reck was frequently invited to prominent places, such as Chambersburg, Gettysburg, Lancaster and Charleston, but he never saw fit to accept such calls. During the latter part of his ministry at Winchester certain irreconcilable differences, relating chiefly to questions of church usage, arose between himself and some of his people, and this finally led to his resignation. In 1828, therefore, he accepted the call from Middletown, Eev. Abraham Keck. 64 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Maryland, a call that had been extended to him annually for seven successive years. Here he remained nine years and so con- tinued to be a member of the Maryland Synod even after the withdrawal of his Virginia brethren. During- his ministry at Middletown he was instrumental in sending into the Lutheran ministry such useful men as Ezra Keller, David F. Bittle, Wil- liam A. Wadsworth, and John Gaver. Keck was an ardent ad- vocate of popular evangelistic methods and an attempt was made by some of his opponents on this score to prosecute him before Synod but this failed ignominiously. In 1836 he was induced to remove to Indianapolis and his name disappears from our syiiodical roll. When he went to Indian- apolis the name of a Lutheran was hardly known there. But he purchased property with his personal funds and set to work or- ganizing Lutheran congregations. In less than six years he had organized nine congregaiions. Then misfortunes befell him. He lost his health and was cheated out of his property and rendered a poor man. In 1841 he removed to Cincinnati with the express purpose of organizing an English Lutheran Church there. In this he suc- ceeded in spite of unparalleled difficulties. But his health and that of his family was such that his friends constrained him to remove to Germantown, Ohio, in 1845. We next find him at Tarleton for three years, 1847-1851, and finally in retirement at Lancaster, Ohio, where he succumbed to a painful throat afflic- tion in 18(39. During the last years of his life the Maryland Synod contributed modest sums to his support. The chapter of his sorrows is as wonderful as the chapter of his successes. The first Treasurer of the Synod was an eloquent harbinger of the future missionary career of the new body. Another of the founders of the Synod was the Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, D.D., LL.D. He was chairman of the committee that drafted the first Consti- tution of the Synod. Five times he was President of the Synod and he was always prominent in the work of the body. He was a nephew of Daniel Kurtz, the first Pi'esident, and a grandson of the John Nicholas Kurtz who was ordained by the Pennsylvania Ministerium at its first meeting in 1748. Few men have exerted a greater influence in the Lutheran Church of America than Benjamin Kurtz. His public career extended over half a century and during that period (1815-1865) he was identified with all the more important events in the historv of our Church. His life- LEADING PERSONAIilTIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 65 story has been related by Iliitter and Stoever and Morris, and the influence of his career has been estimated by many others. Let the followinji' brief summary of the facts suffice here: Benjamin Kurtz was born in Harrisburg', February 28, 1795. His youtli was marked by seasons of deep religious convictions. He studied theology under George Lochman and was licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium at Frederick in 1815. For several months he was assistant to his uncle in Baltimore, but that same year accepted a call to the Ha- gerstown charge. He was then the only pastor in Washington County and his charge embraced five congregations. Sixteen years later when he left that field the number of LutheraiLs there had been multiplied by four and six pastors w ere required for the field. For two years (1831-1833) he was pastor at Chambersburg, but the precarious condition of his health made it imperative for him to lay aside the active duties of pulpit and pastorate. Just then Dr. Morris invited him to take charge of the Lufhfirni Ob- server and as editor of that paper for twenty-eight years he wielded his chief influence. When Dr. Kurtz took charge of the paper it was a small bi-weekly with seven hundred subscribers; when he laid down the editorial pen in 1861 it was a large weekly with more than eight thousand subscribers. Dr. Kurtz was not only prominent in organizing the Maryland Synod but he also took a leading part in the formation of the General Synod. The General Synod was organized in his church at Hagerstown. He was present at almost every convention of that body until his death and was twice its President. For many years he was President of the Home Missionary Society and of the Parent Education Society. In 1826 Dr. Kurtz was appointed by the General Synod to visit Europe in the interest of the Gettysburg Seminary and after two years he returned with $10,000 and a great number of books. Late in life he was instrumental in establishing the Missionary Institute at Selinsgrove. 5 Rkv. Ben.jamix Kii^RTZ, D.D., LL.D. 66 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Dr. Kurtz stoutly maintained the " evangelical " standpoint and was an ardent advocate of the "new measures" and of "American Lutheranism." This brought him into vigorous po- lemics. But to his dying day he zealously advocated English preaching, Sunday school, protracted meetings, and temperance reform. He is characterized as "an eloquent preacher, a sym- pathetic pastor, a keen debater, and a voluminous writer." The degree of D.D. was conferred on him by Washington College in 1838, and the degree of LL.D. by AVittenberg College in 1858. He died in Baltimore, December 29, 1865. Among the younger men who helped to organize the Synod was Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, D.D. Dr. Krauth in 1820 was pastor at Shepherdstown and Martins- burg, where he had taken charge the year before. He was then only twenty-three years old and both of his theological teachers, D. F. Schaeffer and Abraham Reck, were members of that first convention of the Synod. Never- theless young Krauth rapidly rose to independent influence in the body. Already at the organiza- tion meeting he was a member of the committee that drew up the first constitution. He was or- dained by the Synod at her sec- ond convention in 1821, having been licensed by the Pennsylvania Ministerium two years before. At the fourth meeting of the Mary- land Synod he was made Treas- urer and so continued for three terms. Then he became Presi- dent. This office he held only one term because in 1827 he removed from the bounds of the Sj'nod. His subsequent career as a teacher is perhaps traceable his- torically to the action of the Synod in 1823 when he was made a member of the committee with Benjamin Kurtz "to report a plan for the education of pious and indigent young men for the Cos- pel ministry." His career as editor was also prefigured in the Maryland Synod when in 1826 and 1827 he was associated with Dr. Schaeffer in editing the Intelligencer. The intimate facts of his life are very beautiful. Professor Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, D.D. I.EADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. G7 Stoever opens his length.y account of Dr. Krauth's life with these words : ' ' A eliaracter so near perfection, a life so almost blame- less as was that of Charles P. Kranth is seldom found. He was one of the purest and best men that ever lived. One more faith- ful and affectionate, lietter in the entire combination of his gifts and graces, has never been given to the church." P'rom that ac- count we gather' the following : Dr. Krauth was born in Montgomei'v C'ounty, Pennsylvania, May 7, 1797. His father, Charles James Krauth, was a native of Germany, and came to this country as a young man, in the ca- pacity of a school teacher and a church organist. His mother was a Peunsylvanian. They lived in New York, Pennsylvania, and in Baltimore, Maryland, also for many years in ^"irginia, highly re- spected and enjoying the confidence of their neighbors. Of his early. life comparatively little is known in conseciuence of his singular and habitual reticence with regard to himself. He early evinced a decided taste for linguistic studies, and, in the prosecu- tion of the Latin, Greek, and French, won for himself high credit. Having selected medicine as his profession, he commenced its study when about eighteen years of age, under the direction of Dr. Selden, of Norfolk, Virginia, and subsequentl.y attended a course of lectures in the University of Maryland. But his funds having become exhausted, he visited Frederick, Maryland, with a view of procuring pecuniary aid from an uncle, the organist of the Lutheran ehui'ch. During a visit to Rev. D. F. Scliaeffer, of Frederick, his mind was led to the conclusion that the ministry was the work to which God had called hiuL He very soon com- menced his theological studies under the instructions of Rev. Dr. Schaeffer, and at every step of his progress was the more strongly convinced that he was acting in accordance with the divine will. While he was engaged at Frederick in the prosecution of his studies, in the year 1818, Rev. Abraham Reck, of Winchester, Virginia, who was in feeble health, wrote to Dr. Schaeffer, in- quiring if he could not send him a theological student to aid him in the discharge of his laborious duties. In compliance with his request. Dr. Schaeffer sent young Mr. Krauth, who continued his studies under the direction of Pastor Reck, and assisted him in preaching the gospel and performing other pastoral labor. Pie studied under Mr. Reck one year, and the testimony of his pre- ceptor is that he showed great comprehension of mind and was a most successful student. Mr. Kranth was licensed to preach the gospel by the Synod of Pennsylvania, at its meeting in Baltimore in 1819. His first pas- toral charge embraced the united churches of Martinsburg and Shepherdstown, Virginia, where he labored for several years most 68 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. efficiently and snecessfnlly. It was at a district conference, held in the church at Marti nsburg, M'hile Mr. Kranth was pastor, that the enterprise of a theological seminary, in connection with the General Synod, originated, and the tirst funds towards the object contributed. He was, in 182G, elected a member of the first Board of Directors. In 1827 he accepted a call to St. Mat- thew's congregation, recently organized in Philadelphia. The removal of Mr. Krauth to Philadelphia, in 1827, marks a new epoch, not only in the history of our English Luthei-an in- terests in that city, but of his own life. Brought into new as- sociations, surrounded by active, earnest, living men, with large libraries at his command, the best books on all subjects accessible, new powers seemed to be awakened within him, new energies were developed. As a scholar, a theologian, and a preacher, he rapidly advanced, and made a deep impression upon the com- munity. At first he encountered some opposition from the Ger- man churches in the prejudices which existed, even at that day, against the introduction of the English language into the serv- ices of the sanctuary, but this all vanished when his character and object was better understood. Dr. Krauth remained in Philadelphia six years, and during the whole period enjoyed the highest reputation as a pastor and a preacher, gathering around him a large and devoted congregation and accomplishing an amount of good that can scarcely be estimated. In the year 1833, when Dr. Hazelius resigned his professorship in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, the attention of the Board of Directors was at once turned to Mr. Krauth as the man best qualified for the position. As a Hebraist he had not at the time, in the Church, his superior. He was unanimously chosen Professor of Biblical and Oriental Literature. It was agreed that part of his time should be devoted to instruction in Penn- syh'ania College, with the understanding that so soon as the proper arrangements could be made his duties should be entirely confined to the Theological Seminary. Professor Krauth was unanimously elected President of Penn- sylvania College in the spring of 1834. The duties of this office he faithfully performed for nearly nineteen years, during most of the time also giving instruction in the Theological Seminary. In the autumn of 1850, yet in the vigor of manhood, he re- linquished with great satisfaction, the anxious, toilsome, and often ungrateful work of the College Presidency, for the more quiet, congenial and pleasant duties of theological instruction. For five years, during his connection with the seminary, he also served with great acceptance as pastor of the congregation with which the institutions are united. He continued his duties in the LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 69 Theological Seminary until the close of his life, delivering his last lecture to the senior class within ten days of his death, the subject, by a singular and interesting co-incidence, being the Resurrection. He died May 30, 1867, in the seventy-first year of his age, and the forty-ninth of his ministry. The honorary de- gree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania in 1837. From 1850 to 1861 he was editor of the Evangelical Review. His published writings are: "Works of Melanchthon," "The General Synod," "Early History of the Lutheran Church," "Schmidt's Dogmatic," "The Lutheran Church in the United States, " " Present Position of the liUtheran Church, " " Contri- butions to the History of Church," "Luther and Melanchthon," "German Language," "Henry Clay," "Baptism." Three other ministers who helped to organize the Maryland Synod may receive mention : Schmucker, Meyerhoeffer, and Kehler. Rev. John Nicholas Schmucker was born in Miehaelstadt in the Odenwald, Germany, on September 24, 1779. His father was John Christopher Schmucker, and when Nicholas was but two years old the family emigrated to America. For about one year they tarried in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, and then moved to Manheim in Lancaster County. A year later they removed to Shenandoah County in the Valley of Virginia and settled on a farm near AVoodstock. Here the five sons grew to manhood. Three of them became ministers : John George, John Nicholas, and Peter. John George was the father of the distinguished Professor S. S. Schmucker. The early educational advantages of this generation of Schmuckers were rather meager. John Nicholas, however, was a man of decided natural abilities and appears to have faithfully availed himself of such opportunities as he enjoyed for the de- velopment of his mental powers and the acquisition of useful knowledge. When about thirty years of age, impelled by convic- tions of duty, he decided, although he was then married and had two children, to devote himself to the Gospel ministry. Accord- ingly, after a brief .season of theological study under his elder brother. Dr. John George Schmucker, who was then pastor at York, Pennsylvania, he was licensed by the Pennsylvania Min- isterium iix 1812, and took charge of several congregations in Shenandoah County where he had grown to manhood and where he spent the whole of his ministerial career. During a large portion of his ministry of forty years he served chiefly the churches in AVoodstock and Strasburg together with 70 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Frieden's and Zion in the same county. One of liis relatives re- lates, according to Dr. D. M. Gilbert, that Nicholas Schmneker stated on a funeral occasion about five years before his death that the sermon on that occasion was the thousandth funeral sermon he had preached. This would indicate a very busy ministry. Dr. Morris says of him: "Exceedingly simple and even primitive in his ha])its, never going beyond the bounds of his parish, un- known to the outside world, yet his religious life, his ministerial fidelity and his blameless demeanor are to this day the theme of the people of that region." Not only was Nicholas Schmucker one of the organizers of the Maryland S\'nod in 1820 but in 1829 he helped also to organize the Virginia Synod and became its first president. Late in the year 1820 he divided his large pastorate and shared it with his highl.v-educated nephew. S. S. Schmucker. On September 19th of that year young Schmucker made this entr}' in his diary : "Yesterday came here to Uncle Nicholas and was very kindly re- ceived. Spent the afternoon and this whole day conversing with him on different points. He is a man of good talents and respect- able information. He is very willing to give me two of his con- gregations, Woodstock and Huddle's sehoolhouse, if I see fit to settle here. He is very kind. We have talked over all the cir- cumstances of the town and of New Market. Henkel and sons persecute instinctively everything that bears the name of Schmucker. Nicholas is a true Christian. His wife is a very sensible, good-natured, pious woman. Became pious, he told me, within the last two years." The uncle preached only in German; the nephew introduced English. Some estimate of the robust character of his Lutheranism may be formed from the Synod Minutes of 1828 where we learn that "some disaffection had recently occurred between the Lutheran and Reformed churches worshipping alternately in Friedens church, in consequence of the Rev. N. Schmucker refusing to give a general invitation to persons to partake of the Lord's Supper, and that this was alleged by a respectable member of the G. Re- formed Church now present." Whereupon the Synod "Re- solved, That the Rev. N. Schmucker, in not giving a general in- vitation to partake of the Lord's Supper, did not transgress the discretionary power vested in every individual Minister of our church. ' ' In June, 1854, having partially recovered from a serious sick- ness, Nicholas Schmucker removed to the residence of his son, Rev. George Schmucker, in Pendleton County, A'irginia, in the hope that the change would improve his health. But this hope LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 71 was not realized and earl}' in 1855 he died, being in his seventy- sixth year. Rev. Michael Meyerhoeffer was born in Frederick, Maryland, October 28, 1794. His preliminary education was received in the schools of that place, after which he studied theolog.y under the direction of his pastor, Rev. D. F. Schaeffer. He was licensed by the Synod of Pennsylvania, in Baltimore, in 1815, and began his ministry in the latter part of that year, in Madison County, preaching in both German and English. After serving the Madi- son congregation for a period of six years, he accepted a call to Rockingham County, where he ministered for about twelve years as pastor of the Union Church at Cross Keys, the "Peaked Moun- tain" Church in East Rockingham, St. John's Church (in what was then called the Brush Countiy, now Singer's Glen), and Salem Church in Augusta County. Mr. Meyerlioeffer was also accustomed to preach, occasionally, in Mount Zion, St. Peter's and St. Michael's churches, and also in the counties of Rock- bridge and Pendleton. He is represented by his cotemporaries as having been a popular preacher of very considerable ability. In 1821 and 1822 the Synod was several times busied with a difficulty that had arisen between Mr. Meyerhoeffer and Mr. Reirnenschneider concerning several congregations in Rocking- ham County, Virginia. The Synod decided that Mr. Meyer- hoeffer had acted perhaps imprudently but not without author- ity, and that Mr. Reimenschneider had acted "injudiciously and unclerically. " When Mr. Reimenschneider refused to abide by the decision of the S^niod he was threatened with dismissal from the body. Then we read : ' ' The Rev. Mr. Reimenschneider, hav- ing been convinced of his error, made ample concessions and sat- isfactory promises. The same was affecting : he was embraced by all the brethren present and he is hereby continued a member of this Synod." On April 15, 181(3, the subject of our sketch was married to Miss Lucy, daughter of Major Lewis Crigler, of Madison County. Mr. Me3^erhoeffer died April 18, 1833, and was buried at Union Church, near which he had lived. During the last year or two of his life Mr. Meyerhoeffer be- came actively interested in the political affairs of the country, and was, at the time of his death, a candidate for Congress. Rev. John Kehler was born in Frederick, Maryland, near the end of the eighteenth century. Of his early educational training we have no information. His studies, preparatory to entering upon the work of the ministry, were pursued under the guidance of Rev. D. F. Schaeffer, upon the completion of which he was li- 72 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. censed by the Synod of Pennsylvania in 1819 and the next year he united in the organization of the Synod of Maryland and Vir- ginia. Mr. Kehler's first charge was in Middletown, Maryland, July, 1819, to October, 1821, from which place he moved to Madison County, Virginia, where he was serving as pastor at the time of the formation of the Virginia Synod in 1829. He was one of those who withdrew from the Synod of Virginia, at its second convention in 1830, and reunited with the Synod of Maryland, because of the resolution of the former body not to remain in connection with the General Synod. A year or two after this, probably in 1832, Mr. Kehler resigned the church in Madison County, and became pastor of the church in Cumberland, Mary- land. After serving the congregation in Cumberland for a time he went over to the Episcopal Church and was reordained. Of his later history, beyond the fact that in his new connection he was employed as a missionary in the western counties of Mary- land, we have no knowledge. Less than two months after the Synod of Maryland and Vir- ginia was organized there came upon her territory" a young man who was destined to exert a very profound influence upon her early history. This was the twenty-one year old Rev. Samuel Simon Schmucker, D.D. From 1821, when he was ordained by the Maryland Synod and when his name first appears on the clerical i-oll, to 1826, when it appears for the last time because of his removal from the bounds of the Synod, he is clearly one of the leaders of the body. It was in that bod}^ that he started the movement for a Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary in America which resulted in the institutions at Gettysburg. It was as a member of our Synod that he wrote most of the organic documents of the General Sjaiod and it was through the Maryland Synod that he saved the General Synod from dissolution in 1823. For many years after he withdrew from formal membership in the Maryland Synod he continued to attend her meetings as a delegate of the West Pennsylvania. In the professor's chair he trained more than five hundred men for the Lutheran ministry, nearly the entire output in that period. In brief, throughout the first half of the Nineteenth Century Dr. Schmucker exerted a wider influence in the Lutheran Church of this country than any other man, and filled a larger place in the public eye outside of the Lutheran Church than any other man in it. ^ LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 73 His illustrious career has been set forth in detail by several hands (Anstadt, Morris, B, M. Sehmucker) and the quantity and (juality of his influence has been estimated by friend and foe. We submit a brief summary g-athered from the account by his sou: "Samuel Simon Sehmucker, D.D., the son of John George Sehmucker, was born at Hagerstown, Maryland, on Februar^y 28, 1799. The eminent piety of his father was reproduced in the son, and early directed his thoughts to the gospel ministry. Tn his eleventh year he removed to York, Pennsylvania. Here he enjoyed superior advantages of education in the academy. From this time on he became a laborious student and it was his life-long habit. In his thirteenth year he received a kindly letter in Latin from Dr. Helmuth of Philadelphia, urging him to come to Pliiladelphia, to the university. Tn 1814 he re- paired thither and entered the freshman class. He continued there to the end of the sophomore y ear, adding to his university studies some theological branches under Dr. Helmuth. He allowed himself no vacations. In 1816, young as he was, he took charge of the classical department of the York Academy. Dr. John G. Morris was one of his students. Meanwhile he was studying theology under his father's care. The non-existence of .a theological seminary in the Lutheran Church compelled him to finish his studies in one of another faith. Accordingly, in 1818 he went to Princeton and continued there for two years. Among his fellow-students were Bishops Mcllvaine and Johns, and Dr. Robert Baird was his roommate. It may be conceded that the training and associations of this in- stitution measurably influenced his own theological vicM^s. On June 2, 1820, he was licensed by the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, at Lancaster. At that time he was undoubtedly the best educated young man, of American birth, in the Lutheran min- istry. "In December, 1820, he settled in New Market, Virginia, and spent six years in earnest and successfid pastoral work But Eev. Samuel Simon Schmucker, D.D. 74 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. his zeal and intellectual activity soiisrht expression in etforts be- yond a limited pastorate. He wrote : ' When I left Princeton, there were three pia desicleria, which were very near to my heart, for the welfare of our Church. A translation of some one emi- nent system of Lutheran Dogmatics, a theolog-ical seminary, and a college for the Lutheran Church.' He set himself to work to meet these wants and succeeded. Under the advice of Dr. Koethe, of Allstaedt, and others he translated and published ^Storr and Flatt's BiUical Theology. In 1823 he began the work of pri- vately preparing students for the ministrj^ For him it was ex- cellent training for his life work. "These were formative years in the history of the Lutheran Church in this country. »She was extending her borders, and the German language was ceasing to be the exclusive one in her worship. In 1820 the General Synod was called into existence, primaril.y through the agency of the Ministerium of Pennsyl- vania, but in 1823 it withdrew. It is conceded that the energetic exertions of Dr. Schmucker saved the body from dissolution. Thenceforth he was a guiding spirit in its more definite orgaiiiza- tion and enterprises. He was the author of most of its organic documents, as its constitution, its formula of government and dis- cipline for its synods and churches, the constitution of the theo- logical seminary, and so forth. At the convention of the General Synod in 1825, it was resolved to establish a theological seminary, and at the same session he was elected its first professor. On September 5, 1826, he was formally installed at Gettysburg, and for nearly forty years he filled the chair of didactic theology. During this time about five hundred young men were prepared for the ministry. Many of them became highly successful in pastoral and professorial life. On August 9, 1864, he resigned his chair, but devoted himself to authorship almost to the end of his days. He died July 26, 1873. "Feeling the need of classical attain.ments in ministerial candi- dates. Dr. Schmucker early devoted his energies to the establish- ment of Pennsylvania College, by appeals to the state legislature and to the church. He was prominently identified with the for- mation of the Evangelical Alliance. He attended its first meet- ing in London and was received with great distinction. "In 1855 the unhappy Definite Platform controversy arose. Dr. Schmucker avowed himself the author of the document. Whilst no one doubted the sincerity of his convictions, it alienated from him many friends and clouded the evening of his days. "He was the most voluminous author of the Lutheran Church in this country in his generation. He published forty-four vol- LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 75 umes and pamphlets, mostly theologieal, historical, and contro- versial. His Popular Theologij passed eio-ht editions, his Psi)- chologii through three. Apart from partisanship, in the estima- tion of his friends and foes, Dr. Schmucker's services to the Lu- theran Church and the cause of Christ were eminent. He was greatly loved by his fellow-citizens in Gettysburg, and his fu- neral was a demonstration of warm attachment on their part, as well as of many of his students and friends from abroad."' The connecting link between the founders of the Maryland Synod and the present generation of ministers is the Rev. John Gottlieb Morris, D.D., LL.D. Licensed by the 8,vnod in 1826 and ordained in 1827 he con- tinued to be a member for the remarkable period of sixty-nine years. He easdy holds first place among the influences that moulded the staunch Lutheran character of the Maryland Synod during the second half of the Nineteenth Century. He was particularly influ- ential in moulding the spirit of General S y n o d Lutheranism in Baltimore. He was the first permanent pastor of the First English Lutheran Church in that city, an office that he graced for thirty-three years. For nearly forty years thereafter he con- tinued, to be the nestor of Baltimore Lutheranism and infused into it the blessed spirit of fraternity, conservatism, and aggres- siveness, that characterize ^^^- '^o"^' ^- ^^«'^'^^'^' ^■^■' ^I-I^- it to this day. For half a century his voice in the Maryland Synod had the weight of wisdom and age. Every important project in the Synod during that period either originated with him or waited on his approval. He was actively interested in all the general work of the Church, but was particularly zealous in the work of education and publication. His own writings bulk large in volume, and we are indebted to him for some of the ma- terials in this Synodical History. A very brief sketch of his long and varied career comes from the pen of Dr. Charles S. Albert : 76 HISTORY OF MAR INLAND SYNOD. "Jolni Oottliel) Morris was born at York, Pennsylvania, on November 14, 1803. He died at Lutherville, Maryland, on Oc- tober 10, 1895. His father was a distinguished surgeon in the Revolutionary Army. A student of Princeton and graduate of Dickinson, he pursued his theological course under Dr. S. S. 8elimucker, also at Nazareth, Princeton, and Gettysburg. In 1827 he became pastor of the first English Lutheran Church, Bal- timore, Maryland, serving there thirty-three years. He was also supply and pastor of Third Lutheran Church, and librarian of Peabod.v Institute. Afterward he served at Lutherville, Mary- land, until a few years before his death. He retained his vigor of mind and body to the last, though nearly ninety-two at death. He was distinguished and influential in the Church, for which his fine natural endowments, varied culture, biblical and theo- logical learning, strong pulpit power, devoted loyaltj^ to the Church fitted him. He was a vigorous, popular writer (for list of writings see TAfe Reminiscences of an Old Lutheran Minister, p. 355, ff.) . He was also a scientific student and member of many learned societies. ' ' Dr. Morris passed away just as the Maryland Sj'nod was gath- ering to his own city to hear his address on ' ' The Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Synod. ' ' Instead of listening to his familiar voice the Synod as a body attended his funeral and from the con- templation of his long and useful career gathered new inspira- tion to devoted service. The president of the Synod in his official report expressed what all who knew Dr. Morris had felt, that he "was the nineteenth-century incarnation of Ijuther. His intel- lectual attainments, his fine literary style, his virile temper, his wit, his indomitable energy, his warm and tenacious affections, his conservation of our doctrinal beliefs, his masterful address, his large hope of our denominational prestige, and his child-like trust in God, have left an iiieff'aceable record upon our s^niodical and church life. ' ' Such were some of the leading personalities in the organization of our Synod and in her early history. It would be manifestly impossible within the scope of this volume to set forth even in outline the biographies and the synodical influence of all the other eminent men whose names have graced the roll of the Mary- land Synod from time to time. It would constitute a most bril- liant galaxy indeed. One after another for a full century the most distinguished men in that part of the Church now called United Lutheran have passed in and out of the Maryland Synod, some tarrying foi- only a few vears, others remaining for more LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 77 than a score of years, all of them making their inflnence felt more or less potently in the actions of the body. There was Ezra Keller, a son of the Synod, ordained by her in 1837, a member of the body for nine years (1836-1844) while he was pastor first at Taneytown and then at Hagerstown, her presi- dent in 1843, who only left the Synod to become the first presi- dent of Wittenberg College. And there was Henry Ijewis Bangher, Sr., another college president, licensed by the Synod in 1829, a member from 1829 to 1831 while pastor at Boonsboro and again from 1841 to 1864 while professor and president at Gettysburg. There was Carl Friederich Heyer, the beloved ' ' Fa- ther He.yer" of missionary fame, who for four years (1821-1824) was the clerical member of Synod from Cumberland, and later (1840-1841) was the Synod's Missionary at Fell's Point, Balti- more. There was Charles Frederick Schaeifer, youngest brother of the first Secretary of the Synod, licensed by the Synod in 1829, a member for five years (1834-1839) while pastor at Hagerstown, afterwards a professor in three theological seminaries, Columbus, Gettysburg, and Philadelphia, and one of the founders of the General Council. Still another college president of that period was David Fred- erick Bittle, a son of the Maryland Synod having been born near Myersville, licensed by the Synod in 1837, pastor at Middletown from 1845 to 1852, one of the founders of the Hagerstown Female Seminary, becoming the first president of Roanoke College in 1853 and continuing in that office for twenty-three years until his death in 1876. His younger brother, Daniel Howard Bittle, was also a college president, born also in the Middletown Valley, pastor at Smithsburg from 1841 to 1843, becoming the first presi- dent of North Carolina College in 1858, afterwards the president of Colorado College at Columbus, Texas, and still later financial agent for Roanoke College. Mention should also be made, in that first half of the last cen- tury, of Samuel Finckel (1834-1836; 1844-1873) at Taneytown and Washington ; of Daniel Jacob Hauer, merited organizer and overseer of rural congregations; and of Simeon W. Harkey, li- censed by the Synod in 1834 and ordained in 1836, serving first at Williamsport and then at Woodsboro and then for fourteen years (1836-1850) at Frederick, there training quite a number of men for the Lutheran ministry, and only leaving the Synod to accept the Theological Profef=sorship of Illinois State University. In 1842 three illustrious names make their appearance on the roll of the Synod. One of them had been born and raised on her territory, Samuel Sprecher, who was. however a member of the SOME OF THE SYNOD'S GIFTS TO EDUCATION. Milton Valentine LTON \ ALENTINE. o o H L BaLTGHER Sr F7R4 Kftifr 8AMUEL SPRECHER. ^- ^- ^/'-'\^"^'^' ''^^• -CvZRA i\ELLER. ^ „ SfWMTTK-Fi? -^- '' ■ ^' ^LF. Charles A. Stork. DAvrn p Rit^-^t ,. Charles Porterfield Krauth. Charles F. Sohaeffer. ^^^^'^ ^- ^^^^^e- Charles A. Hay. LEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 79 Synod for only one year (1842-1843) as pastor at Martinsburg, and who after six years at Chambersburg was for twenty-five years the president of AVittenberg College and for ten years more a professor of theology there. The second of this remarkable group, Charles Porterfield Krauth, began his ministry in Balti- more (1842-1847), was licensed b,y the Synod in 1841 and or- dained in 1842, and later as professor in the University of Penn- sylvania and as President of tlie Philadelphia Seminary was one of the most distinguished and scholarly men in the country. The third name that appeared in 1842 was that of William Alfred Passavant, who was pastor in Baltimore for two years (1842- 1844), was both licensed and ordained by the Maryland Synod, and later became highly distinguished as an editor and as the founder of so many eleemosynary institutions under the control of the Lutheran Church. As belonging to the Maryland Synod before 1850 we must also "mention Frederick W. Conrad, pastor at Hagerstown from 1844 to 1850 when he became professor in Wittenberg College and Theological Department (1850-1855), prominent as preacher, teacher, and lecturer, for thirty-two years in the editorial service of the Church, and merited in the establishment and endowment of literary and theological institutions. We record likewise the honored name of another teacher in the Church, Rev. Charles Augustus Hay, who was licensed bj' the Maryland Synod in 1843 and ordained in 1844 while pastor at Middletown, who became professor at the Gettysburg Seminary in 1844 but continued in the fellowship of our Synod until 1848, who filled two periods of service in the professor's chair totaling thirty-two years, and who became highly esteemed as teacher, pastor, and translator. Here also belongs the name of Joseph Augustus Seiss, a native of Frederick County, a member of the Synod for twelve years while pastor at Cumberland (1847-1852) and at Baltimore (1852- 1858) and highly honored as famous preacher and voluminous author. During the latter half of the century we meet with such well- known and highly honored names as James Allen Brown (preacher and president), Charles Augustus Stork (preacher and president), Milton A'alentine (preacher and president), Ed- mund J. Wolf (preacher and professor), Theophilus Stork (preacher and president), Benjamin Sadtler (principal and president), T. T. Titus (preacher and principal), John George Butler (editor and churchman), Charles Stanley Albert (preacher and editor), George Diehl (preacher and churchman), Mahlon Carleton Horine (preacher and writer), Samuel Domer UinJlill JjtiiAJJliNli l"Jliit?->UiMAljiTlJlJ«. W. A. Passavant. George Diehl. J. G. Butler. M. C. HORINE. „ , Benjamin Saotler. Charles S Albert. ^^^^^^ ^ Harkey. Joseph A. Seiss. fhederick W. Conrad. Daniel J. Hauer. g ^ q^^^ liEADING PERSONALITIES IN THE EARLY HISTORY. 81 (teacher and preacher), Stephen W. Owen (preacher and pas- tor), and William E. Parson (preacher and churchman). All these rest from their labors. A number of others, equally hon- ored, continue among us to this day. True servants, these, of the most high God, and true children of the Lutheran faith. Most of them continued to be members of the Maryland Synod through long periods of time. Of a surety the glory of the Maryland Synod is in her men. It is these that have made her history worth recording. "Other men labored and ye are entered into their labors." — John 4: 38. "1 have laid the foundation, and another buildeth thereon; but let every man take heed how he buildeth thereon." — i Corinthians 3: 10. CHAPTER YI. THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD, 1820-1920, TOGETHER WITH THEIR PASTORATES. The following list embraces the names of 600 ministers. It includes every name that ever appeared on the cderieal roll of the Synod. It also gives the location or locations of each member of the Synod. The years indicated are the synodical years. They do not in all cases coincide with the calendar years. In consulting this list it maj' be well to remember that from 1857 to 1869 a number of the pastors (from eight to twelve) on the territory of the Maryland Synod were not members of the Maryland Synod but of the Melanchthon Synod, and that this list includes only their tenns of service in the Maryland Svnod. A Name Location Year Ahl, A. W., Parkville, 1912—1916 Ainsworth, J. E., Licensed, 1914 — 1916 Albert, C. S., Baltimore, St. Mark's, 1SS2— 1893 Thiladelphia, Pa., 1893—1912 Albert, J Manchester 1828—1837 Albrecht. G. W. G., Guntur, India, 1892—190-4 Rentachintala, India, 1905—1919 Aldrich, X., 188.5—1886 Alleman, B. P Woodsborn 187.3—1874 Alleman. M. ,T Middletown 1868—1869 Amick, G. W. W., Oakland, 1887—1889 Anderson, G. W., Creagerstown, 1853 — 1856 Leitersburg, 1856 — 1857 Hagerstown (No Charge) 1868—1872 Uniontown, 1873—1876 Anspaeh, P. R., Hagerstown, 1850 — 1857 Shepherdstown (No Charge), 1857-1858 Baltimore (No Charge), 1858—1864 Owensville (No Charge) , 1864—1867 Anstadt, Henry, Washington, D. C, Memorial, 1912—1918 Anstatt, J. P.," Baltimore, Luther Chapel, 1848—1852 Appleby, B., Baltimore, Luther Chapel, 1844—1846 Baltimore (No Charge), 1846—18.55 Jefferson 185.5-1 857 Baltimore (No Charge) 1857—1861 Washington. D. C. (No Charge), 1861—1864 Arnold, C. E., Baltimore, Concordia, 1910—1912 Asper, J. U., Westminster, Salem 1887—1891 T ewistnwu, Utica. 1891-1905 Aughey, A. H., Prostburg, 1861—1866 Augustine, I., Wellersburg, Pa 1863 — Aurand, CM., Williamsport, 1886—1890 B Bair, D. U., Williamsport, 1910—1919 Barb, J. H., Mechanicstown, 1888—1896 83 84 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Bare, Will F., . Barry, F. W., . Bastian, C. P., . Batemau, S. E., Baugher, H. L., Baughman, C. C, Baiighman, G. W., Baughman, H. F., Bauman, C, Beard, M. L., Nfinio Location Year Barclay, J. H., Williamsport, 1857— 1S60 Baltimore, Firs^t, 1S80— 1882 . Sparrow's Point, 1917 — . Cumberland, St. John's, 19]4— 1918 Baltimore, St. Luke 's, 1918— . Keyser, W. Ya., 1907-1912 . Hagerstown, 1890—1893 . Boonsboro, 1829—18.31 Gettysburg, Pa., 1841—1865 . Jefferson, 1841—1842 Hagerstown (No Charge), 1853 — 1857 . Uniontown, 1894—1914 Woodbine, 1914—1920 . Licensed, 1912—1913 . Cumberland, 1852 — 1 855 . Mt. Joy and Keysville 1877—1881 Burkittsville, . .' 1881—1885 Boonsboro, 1886—1893 Middletown, 1894—1906 Thurmont, 1906—1915 Bechtell, M. M., Cumberland (No CHiarge), 1859—1864 Becker, D. E., Freedom, 1912—1915 Beckley, G. H., Woodsboro, 1857 — Boonsboro, 1869—1882 Peisterstown, 1885—1905 Beer, E. C, Baltimore, German, St. Jaeobi, 1871—1881 Beidleman, H. H., Frostburg, 191.5 — Beiswanger, George, .... Baltimore, Calvary, 1 S94 — 1902 Bell, Albert, Eeisterstown, 1880—1885 Bell, A. D., Sparrow's Point 191.3—1916 Eetired, 1916—1918 U. S. Army Chaplain, Died 1918 Bell, C. K., Licensed, ' 1897—1898 Bell, E. K., Baltimore, First, 1899— Bell, L. J., Smithsburg (No Charge), 1S70— 1907 Belmer, H. B., Washington, D. C, St." Paul 's, 1873—1874 Benedict, F. B., Licenseil 1848—1849 Frostburg, 1 859—1860 Bedford, Pa. (No Charge), 1860—1865 Bergner, C. F., Washington, Zion, 1904—1912 Cumberland, St. Luke's, 1912 — Bergstresser, F., Licensed, ls93 — 1894 Bergstresser, P., Tanevtown, 1868 — 1874 Waynesboro, 1876—1887 Middletown 1887—1894 Berkey, H. E., Baltimore, St. John 's, 1909—1910 Berlin, S. J., Williamsport, 1866—1867 Berry, W. H., Licensed, 1890—1892 Carmel, W. Va., (Later Aurora), 1905—1912 Beunninger, L. G., Grautsville, 1870-1872 ^Missionary, Africa, 1873 — 1876 . Grantsville, 1876—1 879 Bikle, C. G., Licensed 1894—1895 Bikle, P. M., Lutherville, 1 870—1872 Gettysburg. Pa., 1873 — Billheimer, S., Georgetown, 1894—1904 Bishop, H., Williamsport, 1850 — 1855 Emmitsburg, 1855—1862 Baltimore, Third, 1862—1866 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. bD Name Location Tear Frostburg, 1866—1871 Bittle, D. F., Licensed, 1837 Middletown, 1845—1852 Hagerstown, 1852—1854 Bittle, D. H., Smithsbiirg, 1851—1853 Bittle, E., Licensed, 1892—1893 Black, L. S., Licensed, 1890—1891 Bloonihardt, P. F., Lntherville, 1915—1918 U. S. Navy Chaplain 19] 8— 1919 Bobst, I. W., Hariiers Ferry, W. Va., 1879—1880 Olearspring 1884—1890 Borchers, H Washington, D. C, German, 1840—1843 Botsford, G. R., Licensed, 1897—1898 Cumberland, St. John's, 1918— Bowers, Geo. S., Burkittsville (No Charge), 1882—1884 Grafton, W. Va., 1884-1886 Hagerstown, St. Mark's, 1894—1903 Baltimore, Incarnation, 1919 — Bowers, H. G., Clearspring, 1856 — 1857 Jefferson, 1869—1878 Smithsbnrg (No Charge), 1878—1879 Mversville, 1879—1881 Burkittsville, (Professor), 1882—1887 Bowers, J. C, Washington, D. C, St. Mark's, 1896—1902 Baltimore, Calvary, 1902—1910 Catonsville, 1910— Bowers, W. W., Licensed, 1854—1855 Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, 1855 — 1872 Concord, N. C, 1873—1874 Bowersox, G. E., Licensed, 1912-1913 Bowersox, H. T., Licensed, 191 0—1911 Boye:-, E. B., Licensed, 1909—1910 Boyer, H. D., Licensed, 1911— 1914 Washington, D. C. (No Charge), 1915— Bradley, J. H., Baltimore (No Charge), 1867—1869 Brandau, G. H., Baltimore, ^ 1847—1871 Baltimore (No Charge), 1875—1878 Hagerstown, St. Matthew's, 1878—1886 Baltimore (No Charge), 1886—1893 Braren, J. S., Cumberland, German, 1901—1911 Braun, Hugo Baltimore, Glmrch of Peace, 1899—1901 Brauns, W. F., Licensed, 1850—1851 Bredenbek, A., Thurmout, 1897—1898 1898—1901 Bregenzer, Otto, Union Bridge, 1903—1912 Bridgeman, A. L., Licensed, 1844 — 1845 Britt, C. A., Frostburg, 1891—1899 Taneytown, 1899—1904 Brockman, C, Catonsville, 1848—1855 Brodthage, G., Washington, St. John 's, 1897—1910 Brown, J. A., Baltimore, 1845—1848 Brown, G. G. M., Licensed, 1887—1888 Union Bridge, 1891—1894 Brown, T. Shannon, Licensed, 1881—1882 Brown, Wm. E., Middletown 1907—1910 Baltimore, Reformation, 1910—1917 Brubaker, John, Westernport, 1910—1911 Bruning, H. H., Baltimore, 1860—1865 Lancaster, Pa., 1865—1867 86 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Name Bucher, Wni. J., Buhrnian, A., . . Burgdorf, P. C, Burgess, Ellis, . Burk, A. H., . . . Burke, I. C, . . . Bush, L. A., . . . Bushucll, J. E., Butler, Chas. H. Butler, J. G., Butler, J. W. Byers, J. E., Campbell, J. F., . Caniiaday, Isaac, Christ, F. V., . . . Clare, R. D Clarke, G. D., . . . Cline, J. P., Clutz, J. A., ... Coffelt, Harry, . Collins, G. S., . . Conrad, F. W., Conradi, F. A., Conradi, J. P., . Conradi, R. W., Cook, H. S Crebs, W. E.. . . Crigler, J. F., . Crissman, F. H., Crist, G. W., . . Cross, J. M Culler, C. C, . . Locaiion. Year Licensed, 1892—1893 Waynesboro, 1869—1871 Lovettsville, 1873—1876 Gardenville, Baltimore, 1912— Licensed, 1892—1893 Baltimore County, St. Peter's, 1879—1885 Hamptstead, . . ' 1885—1886 Manor, 1886—1887 Sylvan, 1887—1889 Fowblesburg (No Charge), 1889—1892 Doubs-Manor, 1892—1897 Woodensburg, Arcadia, 1897 — 1902 Freedom, 1904—1907 Retired, 1907—1914 Baltimore, Third, 1877—1916 Jefferson, 1901—1902 Boonsboro, 1904—1916 Hagerstown, 1892—1894 Washington (No Charge) 1887—1892 Washington, Keller Menunial, 1892—1907 Washington, Memorial 3907—1909 Washington, Columbia Heiglits, 1910 — Washington, St. Paul 's, 184'8— 1873 Washington, Memorial, 1873 — 1909 Oakland, 1895—1898 Licensed, 1897—1898 Baltimore, Grace, 1917 — G Cumberland, 1 852—1857 Sattenapalli, India, 1912— Licensed, 1916-1917 Baltimore, St. Mark 's, 1918- Georgetown, 1918 — New Market, Va., 1828—1834 Smithsburg, 1834—1847 Licensed, 1871—1872 Baltimore, St. Paul 's 1874—1883 Home Mission Board, 1883—1889 Licensed, 1908 Jefferson, 1853—1854 Waynesboro, Pa., 1841—1844 Hagerstown, 1844—1852 Licensed, 1870—1871 Baltimore (No Charge), 1882—1892 Cumberland, German, 1867 — 1875 Baltimore (No Charge), 1879—1899 Frostburg, 1890-1894 Waynesboro, Pa 1888—1900 Weilersbnrg, 1873—1875 Lutherville, 1895—1915 Frostburg 1910—1915 Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1877—1879 Walkersville, 1906—1914 Licensed, 1896—1897 Funkstown, 1843—1848 Boonsboro, 1848—1852 Hagerstown (No Charge), 1852—1854 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 8 / Name Location Year Culler, M. L., Williamsport, 1867—1869 Martinsbnrg-, W. Va., 1869—1881 Culler, S. H., Reisterstowii, 1904—1918 Cunz, B. F., Hagerstowu, 1905—1908 Cupp, A., Wellersburg, 1860—1862 D Dean, 0. C, Accident, 1910-1911 Deitrich, J. J., Hagerstown, 1872 — 1873 Suspension Bridge, N. Y., 1873 — 1879 Delk, E. H., Jr., Hagerstown, Trinity, 1885—1902 Delp, W. S., Uuiontown, 1882—1891 Derr, R. V., Licensed, 1912—1913 Derr, S. J., Hampstead, 1885—1903 Arcadia, 1904—1911 Hampstead (No Charge), 1917 — Deyoe, L. E., Emmitsburg, 1889—1891 Diehl, C. F., Washington, St. John's, 1871—1875 Diehl, G., Boonsboro, 1840—1844 Frederick, 1851—1891 Diehl, J. H., Brunswick, 1899—1901 Diehl, S. A., Woodsboro, 1885—1892 Westminster, Salem, 1892—1902 Diehl, W. K., Clearspring, 1908— Dietz, A. E., Licensed, 1891—1892 Diflfenderfer, G. M., .... Washington, Memorial 1919 — Domer, S., Washington, St. Paul 's, 1875—1901 Dornblaser, S. G., Hagerstown, St. Mark's, 1903—1906 Dorsey, E., Jefferson, 1857—1858 Waynesboro, Pa., 1863—1864 Dosh, T. W. L., Burkittsville, 1886—1889 Doty, R. W., Westminster, Salem 1901—1912 Douglas, L. C, Washington, Memorial, 1909 — 1911 Dunbar, W. H., Baltimore, St. Mark's, 1894—1917 Retired, 1917— Dunlap, J. A., Oakland 1 889—1891 Huntington, W. Va 1911—1912 During, M., Frostburg, 1868—1871 North Amherst, O., 1871—1875 E Earnest, J. A., Westminster, 1870—1878 Easterdav, G. H., Licensed, 1903—1905 Ebeling, A., Washington, 1863—1865 Ebeling, H. E., Licensed, 1887—1888 Catonsville, 1889—1890 Ebeling, G. W., Baltimore, 1855—1860 Catonsville, 1860—1875 Catonsville, 1889—1901 Eggers, H., Hagerstown, 1855 — 1857 Ehrhart, W. H., Silver Run, 1897—1903 Eichelberger, G. W., Baltimore, 1902—1904 Eichelberger, J. N., Licensed 1852—1853 Eichelberger, L., Winchester, Va., 1828—1838 Emerick, — . — Licensed, 1845—1846 Enders, G. W., Jr., Union Bridge, 1900—1905 Enders, M. L Catonsville, 1901—1910 88 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Name Lorafion Year Cximberland, St. I'aul V, 1910— Englar, G. W., Licensed, 1900 English, J. S WiUiamsport, 1919— Erdman, H. C, Burkittsville, 1915— Evans, J., Ilagerstown, 1S62 — 1866 Evans, W. P., Baltimore, St. Paul's 1888—1892 Ewing, C. H Baltimore, 1848—1852 Eyler, C. A.. Licensed, 1882—1883 Eyster, C. M., AFanehester, 1885—1900 Baltimore, Indeper.dent, 1900 — Eyster, D Middleway, Va., 1828-1829 Eyster, W. F., .Teflferson, 18 11— 1844 Smithsburg, 1862—1865 Hagerstown, 1869 — 1872 Nebraska, 1872—1875 Eock Island, III., 1875—1882 E Fahs, J. F Hancock 1852—1856 Fair, M. W., Funkstown, 1869—1870 Woodsboro, 1 870—1872 Retired, 1872-1876 Fasold, P. B Burkittsville, 1902—1909 Felton, E., Baltimore, St. Paul 's, 1884—1887 Baltimore, Messiah, 1889-1915 Fisher, J. H. C, Mt. Pleasant, N. C. (No Charge), 1889—1892 Fichthorn, A., Lutherville, 1890—1892 Finckel S. G., Licensed, 1870-1871 Taneytown, 1 878-1883 Finckle, S. D., Taneytown, 18,34—1837 Cumberland, 1844—1847 Washington, German 1847 — 1873 Fink, E. A., Licensed, 1849—1850 Finkbiner, .1. W., Cumberland, 1884—1894 Firey, S. M., Clearspring 1877 — 1883 Roanoke, Va., 1883—1905 Fisher, C. L. T., Union Bridge, 1884—1885 Fleck, .J. G Baltimore, St. John 's, 1915— Flick, H. H., Accident 1S9S— 1900 Manchester, 1900—1910 Flickinger, J. A., Licensed, 1895 Flohr, G., Wythe Countv, Va., 1823—1829 Floyd, D. B., TTniontown, 1875—1882 Boonsboro, 1882 — 1885 Funkstown, 1900 — 1904 Georgetown, 1905 Selinsgrove, Pa., 1905^ — Focht, J. E., Frostburg, 1 853—1855 Folk, E. L Doubs, ; 1918— Forsvthe, J. W., Myersville, 1876 — 1878 Forthmau, J., Licensed, 1854 — 1855 Oakland 1856—1857 Fouk, G. S., Licensed 1844 — 1847 Francis, J. M., Waynesboro, Pa., 1916 — Frank, M, H,, Baltimore, Zion. Lauraville, 1916—1917 Frantz, J. L., Piedmont, W. Va., 1894 Baltimore, St. Luke's 1895 — 1900 Washington, St. Mark's, 1902—1912 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 89 Namo Location Year Frazier, J. L., Gerrardstowii. W. Va., 1864 — 1860 Freas, Wm., Jr Licensed, . .'. 1903—1904 Freas, W. S., . Baltimore, Grace, 1898—1905 Baltimore, Motherhouse 1905 — 1911 Frey, Wim., Washiugton, 1864-1 866 Friday, J. M., Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1873 — 1877 Fultz, H. C, Silver Run, '. 1888-1895 Bridgeton, N. .T. (No Charge), 1895—1899 Wiashiiigton, St. John "s 1910—1912 Ellicott City 1913—1917 Furst, M. L., Brandonvill'e, W. Va 1904—1906 G Garland, D. F., Baltimore, Reformation, 1891—1896 Tanevtown, ] 896— 1899 Gaver, M. D., Licensed, 1881—1882 Williamsport, 1890—1910 Gearhart, E. H., Licensed, 1912—1913 Geaver, W. F., Williamsport, 1856-1857 Geiser, D. H Licensed, 1891—1892 Gentzler, J. W Middletown, 1911—1914 Gertsniver, H. L Licensed, 1903—1904 Getty, G. A., Licensed, 1893—1894 Baltimore, St. John 's, 1910—1915 Giese, E. F., Cnmberland, German, 1 S85 — 1890 Gift, F. U., Baltimore, Calvary, 1910— Gilbert, Frank, Alesia, Calvary, ." 1915 — 1917 Giustiniani, L., Baltimore, 1840 — 1841 Gladhill, .T. T., Licensed 1872—1873 Goedeke, Karr\-, Gnntnr, India 1919 — Goertner, N. W., Winchester, \a., 1831^1837 Gotwald, W. H., Washington, St. Mark's, 1889—1896 Washiugton, (No Charge) 1896 — Graybill, J. M., Clearspring, Sylvan, 1868—1870 Clearspring, Svlvan 1878-1897 Clearspring, Retired, 1899—1912 Graeber, H Uniontown, 1821—1828 Graef, Philip, Washington, Reformation 1872—1877 Graefe, J. E., Gnntnr, India, 1914 — Graeff , J. E., Washington, 1 847—1850 Graichen, George Licensed, 1882—1883 Graves, ITriel, Baltimore, Third, 1874—1877 Griffith. S. B., Washington, 1863—1865 Grob, John, Taneytown, 1820—1828 Gross, G. D Carmel, W. Va., Aurora, 1902-1904 Gross, L. W., Hampstead 1904—1906 Grubb, J. E Baltimore, Second, 1917— H Haas, Frederick, Woodsboro. 1821—1 826 Preston County, Ya 1826 — 1834 Hafer, L. B., Taneytown, . . '. 1911 — Haithcox. H. C, Freeport, 111. (No Charre) 1913—1914 Hamma, M. W., Baltimore, First, 1882-1891 Hankey, Upton, Licensed, 1881—1 884 Harkey, J. M., Licensed, 1846—1848 Harkey, S. L., Thurmont, 1848—1849 90 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Nav^e Location Tear ITarkev S. W., Williamsport, 1834 — 1836 Woodsboro, 1S36— 1837 Frederick, 1837—1852 Harms, J. Edward, Hagerstown, 8t. John 's, 1917 — Harpel, J., Jefferson, 1835—1836 Greencastle, ] 836—1837 Manchester, 1838—1841 Harpster J H., Guntur, India, 1871 — 1879 Guntur, India 1894—1905 Rajahniundry, India, 1905 — 1906 Harris, J. G., Licensed, . " 1841—1842 Harrison, P. L., Frederick, 1859—1866 Frostburg, 1878—1883 Lewistown, 111. (No Charge), 1883—1885 Keeter, Texas (No Charge), 1885—1898 Hartnian, H. H., Licensed, 1903—1904 Baltimore, Augsburg, 1910 — Hartnian, W. A., Middletown, . 1915-1918 Hazeltine, E., Licensed 1896—1898 Hasskarl, G. C. H., Frederick 1892—1897 Hauer D J Lovettsville, Va., 1834 — 1844 ' ' ' Jefferson, 1845—1853 Manchester, 1853—1857 Haverstick H., Cumberland, 1829 — 1831 In Europe 1832—1835 Hawkins, Jacob, Middletown, 1875-1876 Hay C A Middletown, 1843—1844 ' Gettysburg, Pa., 1 844—1848 Hay, E. G., Clarksburg, W. Va., 1910-1912 Hay Lewis, Washington, Reformation, 1877 — 1879 Hayes, C. E., Licensed, 1909 — 1910 Heck, J. A., Licensed, 1841 Waynesboro, 1845 — 1857 Smithsburg, 1857—1861 Hedges, S. A., Utica, 1877—1883 Jefferson, 1886—1900 Utica, 1900—1912 Pleasant Hill, 1912— Hef elbower, S. G., Frostburg, 1899—1901 Gettysburg, Pa., 1902—1914 Heilig, P., Preston County, Va., 1837 — 1847 Heilig, J. S., Martinsburg, W. Va., 1866—1869 Harpers Feriy, W. Va., 1884—1885 Heilig, Wm Lutherville, 1857—1889 Heilman, P. A., Baltimore, St. Paul 's, 1897 — Heisler, C. W., Licensed, 1882—1883 Heisler, M. L., Burkittsville, 1880—1882 Held, C. E., Brunswick, 1896—1899 Hennicke, F. T., Frostburg, 1886—1889 Hagerstown, German, 1896 — 1904 Hennighausen, F. P., ... Washington, St. John 's, 1861—1864 Baltimore, St. Stephen's, 1864— Henry, S., Westminster, 1853—1858 Littlestown, 1858—1863 Hensel, W. E., Arcadia, 1912—1918 Herbst, John, Manchester, 1821—1829 Hering, Max, Accident, 1897—1899 Hersh, C. H., Baltimore 1859 Hersh, W. F., Westminster, Salem, 1912—1916 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 91 Name Location Year Herter, Geo., Licensed, 1834—1835 Hess, C. W., BruHswick, 1900— Hesse, F., Suiithsburg, 1907— Hesse, Win Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1888 — 1889 Eeydenreich, L. W., .... Hagerstown, 1869 — 1870 Brooklyn, N. Y., 1870—1874 Hever. C. F., Cumberland, 1821—1824 Baltimore, 1847—1848 Hetriek, W. H., Westminster, 1911—1920 Heuser, Wm. L., Baltimore, 1894—1896 Doub3, 1897—1902 Hightmau, F. A., Licensed, 1904—1905 Baltimore, Park Heights, 1908—1909 Baltimore, Powellnaron, 1909 — Hines, C. J., Huntington, W. Ya., 1908—1910 Burkittsville, 1910—1914 Baltimore, Emmanuel, 1914 — Hipsley, G. E., Baltimore, St. Luke 's, 1900—1908 Hoffman, J. L., Silver Eun, 1912—1917 Baltimore, Eet'ormation, 1917 — Hoflfman, John M., Cumberland, 1857 — 1859 Accident, 1859-1863 Frostburg, 1863—1866 . Taneytown, 1826—1833 . Licensed, 1904—1905 . Martinsburg, W. A^i., 1882—1888 . Westminster, 1863—1868 Cumberland, 1868—1879 . Frostburg, 1880—1883 Washington, Zion 1883—1903 Hoover, CD., vSmithsburg, 1886-1887 Hoover, D. S., Lutherville, 1892—1895 Hopkins, E. J., Washington, 1898—1899 Grafton, W. Ya., 1900—1906 Hoppe, W., Baltimore, 1855—1857 Horine, M. C, Wheeling, W. Ya., 1863—1865 Smithsburg, 186.5—1869 Hoshour, S. K., New Market, Ya 1826—1828 Smithsburg, 1828—1830 Hagerstown, 1831—1834 Howe, J. A., Hampstead, 1919— Hoy, C. A., Funkstown, 1894—1899 Huddle, J. T., Licensed 1895—1896 Washington, St. Paul 's, 1904— Hunt, Wm., Boonsboro, 1843—1850 Woodsboro, 1850—1856 Creagerstown, 1856—1857 Hoffman, J. N., . Hoffman, Win., . Holland, E. C, . . Holloway, H. C, Homrighaus, A., Ibach, W. O., Union Bridge 1916— rde, Ernest, Laurel 1873—1876 Ide, E. C, Ellicott City, 1901—1904 Woodstock, 1904—1917 Ide, E. E., Edgemont, 1891-1892 Baltimore, Trinity, 1893— 92 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Name Location Year Jaekel, Carl, Washington, 1S96— 1897 Jenkins, Wm., Lovettsville, 1853 — 1857 Jennings, J. M., Baltimore, 1844—1845 Jessnp, E. C, Frostburg, 1888—1889 Johnston, E. S., Emmitsburg 1867-1888 Jones, Chas. S., Sparrow 's Point, 1897-1899 Arcadia, 190(1—1902 Jones, E. H., 1883 Sharpsburg, 1888—1889 Clears])ring, 1890—1901 Jordy, W. H., Prost])urg, 1889 K Kaempfer, J., Manchester, 1848—1853 Kaessmann, C. F. A., . . . Baltimore, St. Peter's 1882—1890 Eetired, 1890—1892 Kayhoe, J. F. F., Licensed, . 1884—1885 Keedy, C. L., Waynesboro, Pa., 1871 — 1875 Hagerstown (Seminary), 1875 — 1901 Hagerstown (No Charge), 1903—1907 Hagerstown (No Charge), 1908—1911 Keedy, E. M., Boonsboro \ 1863—1864 Kehler, John, Middletown, 1820—1821 Madison, Va., 1821—1832 Cumberland, 1832—1841 Keil, W., Strasburg, Va., 1822—1828 Keller, C. E., Baltimore, St. Lnke 's, 1892—1894 Thiirmont, 1905—1906 Keller, Emanuel, Manchester 1826—1827 Keller, Ezra, Taneytown, 1837—1840 Hagerstown, 1 840—1844 Keller, J. B., Williamsport, 1874—1886 Smithsbnrg, 1888—1898 Halfway (Retired), 1900—1918 Keller, J. H., Hampstead, 1910—1912 Keller, L., Funkstown, 1 871—1881 Kelly, A. A., Waynesboro, Pa., 1912—1916 Kelly, Wm Baltimore, St. Luke's, 1885—1891 Kemp, T. W., Frederick, 1855—1861 Kerlin, A. A., Sharpsburg, 1896— Kerr, J. J., Mversville, 1872—1876 Ketner, G. J. M., Davis, W. Va., 1899—1901 Ketterman, P. H., Doubs, 1910-1912 Killian, J. M., Smithsbnrg, 1 897-1901 Kitzmever, J. F. W., ... Davis, W. Va., 1892-1896 Kitzmiiler, J. H. A., ... Wellersburg, 1864—1869 Kline, M. J., Licensed, 1895-1896 Klink, C. M., Middletown, 1857 Knipple, J. G. C, Licensed 1914—1917 Knodle, H., Myersville, 1869—1871 Clearspring, 1871—1873 Mercersburg, Pa., 1873—1878 Middletown, 1892—1893 Boonsboro 1894—1895 Koser, J. G., Eglon. W. Va., 190.5—1908 Leitersburg, 1914 — THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 93 Name Location Year Kranth, C. P., Martinsbur^, W. Ya., 1820—1828 Krauth ('. P., Jr., Baltimore, Canton, 1841—1842 Baltimore, Seeond, 1842—1847 Shepherdstown, W. Ya., 1847—1848 Winchester, Ya., 1848—1849 Kroh, H. F., Lic-ensed, 1886—1887 Baltimore (No Charge), 1892—1894 Knbler, M., Preston County, Ya., 1824—1826 Kiihlman, L., Baltimore, Second, 1884—1888 Frederick, 1888—1903 Gettysburg, Pa., 1903—1916 York, Pa. (For. Miss. Sec), 1916— Kuhns, H. W Westminster, 1878—1888 Knhns, T.. M., Licensed, 1885—1886 \Vashingtou, 1898—1903 Kurtz, Benj., Hagerstown, 1820—1831 Baltimore (No Charge), 1833—1857 Kurtz, D. S., Smithsburg 19.02—1906 Kurtz, J. D., Baltimore, 1820—1856 Kurz, A., Washington, St. John 's, 1874—1880 Lake, J. W., Grafton, W. Ya 1877—1880 Lamotte, B. M., Woodsboro, 1875—1885 Lane, P.P., Grantsville 1866—1867 Littlestown, 1868—1869 Hampstead, 1870—1874 Manchester (No Charge), 1875 — 1879 Lantz, B. R., Licensed, 1897-1898 Lau, J. B., Manchester, 1910-1916 Baltimore, Atonement, 1916—1920 Lazarus, R., Grantsville, 1864—1866 Grantsville, 1 874—1875 Leatherman, C. G., Licensed, 1902-1903 iManchester, 1916— Leddin, P. D Washington. St. John 's, 1914—1917 Castleton, N. Y. (Retired), 1917— Leisher, W. L., Oakland, 1891—1894 Lentz, A. W., Woodsboro, 1874—1875 Leiitz, D. S., Funkstown, 1881—1887 Lentz, H. M., Licensed, 1880—1881 Lepley, C, Frostburg, 1843—1858 Williamsport 1859—1864 Smithsburg 1870—1873 Beckleysville, 1873—1875 Reisterstown, 1876—1887 Baltimore 1891—1895 Springfield, O., 1896—1905 Letterman, H. A., Berrett, 1891—1895 Lilly, A. AY., Baltimore, Third, 1851—1855 Lingie, J. W., ■ Sharpsburg, 1891—1896 Linsz, Aug., Licensed, 1869 — 1870 Little, N. B Cumberland, 1824—1832 Longanecker, A. R Alonzaville, Ya., 1897—1899 Lov^-e, J. E., Licensed, 1910-1911 Liibkert, E., Baltimore, 1856-1857 Luckenbach, W. H., .... Hagerstown, Trinity, 1872 — 1875 Taneytown, 1875—1878 Lunger, J. C, Sharpsburg, 1857 94 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. M Name Location Year Magee, L, Baltimore, Second, 1865 — 1868 Maier, D., Cumberland, 1855 — 1857 Baltimore, St. Matthew's, 1858—1874 Main, J. H., Hagerstown, 1890—1892 Main. W. D., Licensed, 1888—1889 Makenzie, D. L., Frostburg, 1871—1878 Manges, E., Manchester, 1881—1885 Oakland, 1903-1912 Manken, H., Licensed, 1902—1903 Baltimore, St. Luke's 1908—1918 Washington, Incarnation, 1918 — Mann, L. A., Burkittsville, 1869—1875 Middletown, 1876—1888 Cumberland, St. .John 's, 1903—1908 Mann, W. C, Licensed, 1906—1907 Martin, C, Martinsburg, W. Ya 1837--184I Lutherville, 1856—1858 Baltimore, 1864—1866 Hagerstown (Seminary), 1866 — 1869 Martin, J., Westminster, '. 1860-1863 Reisterstown, 1868—1871 Martz, G. J., India, 1848—1852 Sharpsburg 1853—1855 Piedmont, W. Ya., 1888—1891 Maurer, J. E., Boonsboro 1895 — 1903 Lovettsville, Va 1914—1918 McAfee, J. W. B., Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1855 — 1867 McAtee, J. Q Cumberland, Christ 's, 1879 — 1883 McCauley, E. R., Oakland 1894 — 1895 McCauley, J. W., Cumberland, St. Paul 's, 1902 — 1910 Baltimore, Incarnation, 1910 — 1916 McCauley, V., Guntur, India 1898— McChesney, W. R., Licensed, 1842 — 1843 McCron, J., Middletown, 1854—1855 Baltimore, Third, 1855 — 1859 Baltimore, First, 1860 — 1872 Hagerstown (Seminary), 1872 — 1875 McDaniel, C. T., Licensed, '. 1885—1886 Baltimore (No Charge), 1890—1892 McDowell, S. J., Baltimore, Third, . 1915— McGifKn, R., Davis, W. Va., 1905—1908 McHenry, S., Smithsburg, 1870—1872 McLinn, M. E., Union Bridge 1886—1890 Lovettsville, Va 1891—1896 Woodbine, 1919 — McSherry, G. W., Taneytown, 1890 — 1898 Medtart, J., Baltimore, First, 1824—1825 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1827 — 1833 Mengert, J. H., Baltimore, 1853—1855 Metzger, J. L., Licensed, 1884 — 1885 Metzger, W. S. T., Licensed, 1876-1878 Funkstown, 1888 — 1891 Thurmont, 1899 — 1903 Jefferson, 1904—1909 Meyer, F. W., Licensed, 1896 — 1898 Baltimore, Emmanuel, 1908 — 1914 Inner Mission Society, 1914 — 1917 Lovettsville, Va., 1919 — THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 95 Name Location Tear Meyerheffer, M., Madison, Ya., 1820—1821 Harrisonburg, Va., 1821 — 1829 Millar, G. W., Jefferson, 1902—1903 Doubs, 1904—1907 Miller, D., Williamsport, 1836—1837 Miller, G. W., Baltimore, Second, 1891—1916 Miller, H. X., Brunswick, 1893—1895 Miller, L. F., Piedmont, W. Ya., 1897—1904 Baltimore, Bethanv, 1904 — Miller, O. C, Oakland, ". 1874—1880 Miller, P. H., Lovettsville, Ya., 1876—1887 Westminster, 1887-1911 Baltimore, Concordia, 1912 — Miller, S. J., Sparrow 's Point, 1899—1901 Baltimore, West Arlington, 1901 — Miller, Yictor, Clearspring, 1861 — 1862 Clearspring, 1877 Leitersburg, 1881—1914 Hagerstown (Retired), 1914 — Minnick, W. G., Licensed, 1892-1894 Baltimore, Concordia, 1908—1909 Cumberland, St. John 's, 1910—1914 Baltimore 1914 — Moot, F. W., Washington, St. Paul 's, 1900—1903 Morris, J. G., Baltimore, First 1826—1860 Baltimore, Third, 1867-1873 Lutherville, 1879—1889 Baltimore (No Charge), 1889-1895 Moser, J. C, Washington (No Charge), 1914 — Mueller, G. J., Baltimore, 1869—1876 Philadelphia, Pa., 1877—1881 Mullen, A. O., Licensed, 1893-1894 Baltimore, 1905—1907 Baltimore, Christ 's, 1913-1914 Mullen, P. H. R., Licensed 1903—1904 Muller, A. A., Washington, St. Paul 's, 1842—1846 Mxxmford, E. C, Licensed, 1905—1906 Baltimore, Messiah, 1916 — Myers, L. F. :\r., Frederick, 1895—1900 N Neudewitz, E. E., Licensed, 1895—1896 Newcomer, H. D., Silver Run, 1904—1905 Baltimore, Grace, 1905-1916 Baltimore, Inner ^lission, 1919 — Ney, W. C, Keyser, W. Va., 1905—1906 Elkins, W. Ya., 1906—1910 Nicholas, J. L., Berrett 1896—1901 Nicholas, S. T., Washington. Keller, 1913— Nichols, J., Guntur, India, 1884—1887 Nicoll, W. D., Harpers Ferry, W. Ya., 1889—1892 Eglon, W. Ya., 1902—1903 Hampstead, 1908-1910 Myersville, 1910—1912 Baltimore (No Charge) 1919 — Nixdorff, G. A., Frederick, 1846—1847 1849—1850 Georgetown 1871—1894 Frederick (Retired), 1895—1907 96 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Nnmo Lncaiioii Year Nolte, W Licensed, 1914 — 1915 Null, A. G., Licensed 1904—1905 Fairmont, W. Ya., 1907 — 1908 Jefferson, 1909—1914 Ellicott City, 1917- O Oney, E. E., Licensed, / 1914 — 1915 Oney, W. B., Donbs 190S— 1909 Oswald, Solomon, Boonsboro, 1886—1839 Ott, J. W., Licem-ed, 1899—1900 Hagerstown, St. Mark 's, 1907 — Ottman, E. H., Licensed, 1891—1892 Owen, S. W., Woodsboro 1869—1870 Hagerstown, St. John's, 1870—1916 Parson, Wni. E., Washington, D. C, Reformation, 1870 — 1871 Tokio, Japan 1872—1878 Washington, D. C, Reformation, 1S79 — 1906 Passavant, Wm., Baltimore, 1842 — 1845 Patterson, R. L., Fnion Bridge 1894 — 1898 Chicago, 111. (No Charge), 1898—1901 Patterson, R. S., Woodsboro, 1891—1899 Woodsboro 1917 — Petrea, H. M., Brandonville, W. Ya., 1902—1903 Petrea, B. E., Uniontown, 1919 — Phifer, W. P Licensed 1888—1889 Phillipy. N. G., Govans, 191.3—1917 Pieper, C Baltimore, St. Stephen 's, 1917— Pierce, W. E Cumberland, St. John's 1908—1911 Poffenberger, M. L., ... Licensed, 1882 — 1883 Poffenbarger, R. S., . . . . Woodsboro, 1904 — 1917 Frederick (No Charge), 1917 — Pohlman, A., Licensed 1893 — 1896 Monrovia, Africa 1897 — 1902 Probst, J. F., Myersville, 1851—1853 Smithsburg 1853—1856 Probst, L. K., Fairmont, W. Va., 1909—1912 Q Quay, P. W., Reisterstown, 1918^ R Radaniacher, G., Wef-tminster, 1867 — 1869 Rappolt, O., Cumberland, German, 1892 — 1895 Raymond, C. E., Cumberland, German, 1895 — 1901 Baltimore, Clnirch of Peace, 1901—1905 Reck, A., Winchester, Va., 1 820—1828 Middletown 1828—1836 Reck, J., Licensed (Missionary in West), 1825 — 1836 Reighard, L C, Licensed, 1890 — 1891 THE PASTORS OP THE SYNOD. 97 Name Locntioii Year Reimensiiyder, C, Westminster, 1846 — 1848 Smithsburg, 1848—1851 Reinewald, Chas., Emmitsburg-, 1893 — • Reitz, J. G., Hagerstown, St. Matthew 's, 1873—1880 Reitz, L., Frostburg, 1867— ? Remsberg, W. L., Licensed, 1 876 — 1877 Myersville, 1896—1902 Funkstown, 1908— Rice, C. E., Licensed, 1913—1914 Rice, Elmer F., Licensed, 1912—1913 Richard, M. G., Licensed, 1897—1898 Richard, Asa, Lovettsville, Va., 1900—1913 Richards, J., Creagerstown, 1850 — 1853 Richardson, A. F., Aurora, W. Va., 1887 — 1889 Grafton, W. Va., 1893—1899 Grafton, W. Va., 1906-1912 Richardson, X. J Lovettsville, Va., 1869-1872 Smithsburg, 1872 — 1889 Riemensehneider, G. H., . Rockingham County, Va., 1822 — 1823 Riemensnider, J. X, .... Woodsboro, 1841 — 1847 Smithsburg, 1 847 — 1851 Ries, L Cordova, 1907-1912 Rietz, G. L., Washington, ] 868— 1879 Rippe, H. H., Gardenville, 1911—1912 Ritter, C. L., Licensed, 1893—1894 Burkittsville 1896—1903 Rizer, L., Licensed 1847 — 1848 Rizer, P., Sharpsburg, 1 832—1833 Missionary, 1833-1836 Somerset,' Pa., 1838—1839 Middletown, 1 85.5—1858 Roekey, C. H., Waynesboro, Pa., 1900-1911 Rosenberg, J 1854 — 1855 Roth, 0. C, Taneytown, 1883-1889 Baltimore, Grace 1889-1898 Rothranf, F., Williamsport, 1 822-1827 Royer, G. A., Accident, 1891-1895 Carmel, W. Va., 1896-1900 Clearspring, 1901—1907 Union Bridge 1913-1916 Rude, A. R., Jefferson 1842 Rudisill, M. L., Gerrardstown, W. Va., 1918— Rupley, J. B., Boonsboro 1916—1918 Washington, St. Mark's, 1918- Rupp, IT. S. G Baltimore, Reformation, 1897-1910 Frederick, 1910— S Rackman, M Lovettsville, Va., 1820—1828 Sadtler, B., Licensed 1844—1845 Lutherville, Seminary, 1867 — 1877 Salem, H. C, Friendsville, .' 1905—1907 Salinger, J Washington, 1 880 — 1882 Saltzgiver, W. E., Uniontown 1915-1918 Fullerton 1918- Schaeffer, C. F Frederick 1829 ILaeerstown 1834—1840 Schaeffer, D. F., Frederick, 1820—1836 98 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Name Locclion Year Sehaeffer, G. F., (Uuuliorlaiiil, 1863—1864 Schaeffer, W. C, (h-afton, W. A'a., 1870—1875 Schiedt, F., Haltimoro 1850 — 1 851 Sehindler, D., Lovettsville, Va., 1888—1890 Schloegel, C. A., Accident, 1854-1857 Frostburg, 1858 Washington, 1859—1861 Baltimore, 1862—1874 Schmidt, R., Hagerstown, St. Matthew's 1889-1892 Baltimore, Church of Peace,' 1892-1898 Washington, Zioii, 1912- Schmitt, K. W., Baltimore, Salems, 1916 — Schniogrow, W., Licensed, 1851 — 1852 Schmucker, N., Woodstock, Va.. 1820—1829 Schmucker, S. S., New Market, Ya., 1821—1826 Schnee, J., Middletown, 1822-1827 Schneider, L. H., Washington, 1883—1886 Scholl, C. H., Bittinger, 191 1—1912 Scholl, G., Baltimore, Second, 1874—1884 Schroeder, H. B., Accident, 1902—1904 Schulz, M. F., Hagerstown, St. Matthew 's, 1895—1896 Schwartz, E., Manchester, 1845—1848 Schwartz, J., Baltimore, Second, 1860—1865 Scott, W. D. E., Licensed, 1882—1883 Seabrook, W. L., Deer Park Road, 1908— Sechrist, C. W., Piedmont, W. Va., 1885-1886 Doubs, 1 887—1892 Seebach, J., Licensed 1896—1898 Seiss, J. A., Cumberland 1847 — 1852 Baltimore, Second, 1852—1859 Sentman, S., Taneytown, 1840-1858 Settlemeyer, W. 11., Jefferson, 1878—1886 Middletown (No Charge) , 1902 — Sharp, M.S., Funkstown, 1905—1908 Sheeder, P., Silver Run, 1884—1887 Shenk, E. A., Baltimore, Reformation, 1916-1918 Sherer, J. J., Fairmont, W. Va., 1904—1906 Sherer, L. P., Licensed, 1884-1885 Harpers Ferry, W. Va., 1886—1888 Hagerstown, " 1889 — 1890 Sherer, M. G. G., Grafton, W. Va., 1886—1891 Sherer, W. J. D., Licensed, 1888—1889 Burkittsville, 1910 Shilke, C. A., Walkersville, 1 914— Shipman, W. A., Grafton, W. Va., 1880—1883 Frostburg, 1883 — 1887 Shoup, J. D., Accident, 1883-1886 Bittinger, 1905 — 1910 Shriver, P. J Berrett, 1901—1904 Sickel, B. F. W., Frostburg, 1872—1873 Baltimore, St. John's, 1873—1877 Sieber, L. L., Baltimore, Luther Memorial, 1918 — Siflferd, L. W., Clarksburg, W. Va 1906—1908 Sill, G., Manchester, 1870 — 1881 Simon, J. S., Hagerstown, Trinity, 1903 — Simons, J., Licensed, .' 1840 — 1842 Slater, S. E Burkittsville, 1891-1896 Slaybaugh, G. H., Washington (No Charge), 1895 — Slifer, W. G., Licensed 1893—1895 Davis, W. Va., 1896—1898 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 99 Name Locdiion Year Sloop, H. E. H., Kappa, N. C, .1893—1897 Smeltzer, J. P., llurp-ers Ferrv, W. \ii., 1848—1857 Smith, A. M., Myersville, 1883—1896 Smith, D., Myersville 1850— 1S")1 Smith, J. W., GraftoD, W. Va., 1891—1893 Smith, S. E., Licensed, 1878—1879 Smith, W. H., Lieensed, 1838—1839 Snyder, H. W., Licensed, 1908—1909 Snyder, J. M., Lewisto wn, 1 884—1889 Fnnkstown, 1891—1894 Snyder, L. T Licensed, 1892—1893 Snyder, S., Licensed, 1911—1912 Spangler, W. :\1., Accident, 1 888-1892 Hampstead, 1914—1919 Sprecher, L, Waynesboro, Pn., 1902-1907 Sprecher, S., Martinsbnrg, \Y. Va., 1842—1843 Sprecher, S. P., Baltimore, Third 18G2— 1864 Springer, P., Clearspring, 1836 — 1839 Stall, S., Baltimore, Second, 1888—1891 Philadelphia, Pa., 1891-1901 Startzman, C, Williamsport, 1838—1848 Lovettsville, 1849-1832 Clearspring, 1853 Myersville, 1854—1857 ( .'learspring, 1869—1874 ITagerstown, 1875—1880 Stcck, C. P., Frederick, 1904—1909 Washifgton, Epiphany 1909 — Steck, P., Middletown, .' 1870—1875 Steinhaner, C, Ilagerstown, 1873 — 1874 Washington, 1 874-1 877 Sternat, F. C. J Licensed, 1906—1907 Stockslager, P. T. E., . . Liceni-ed 1899-1900 Stork, T., Ijicensed, 1837—1838 Baltimore, St. Mark 's, 1860—1865 Stork, C. A., Baltimore, St. Mark 's 1862—1881 Gettysburg, Pa., Seminary, 1881—1884 Stoudenmire, W Oakland, ." 1881-1884 Baltimore, Emmanuel, 1897—1908 Stouffer, S. S., PiedTuont, W. Va., 1880-1882 Hampstead, 1906—1908 Accident, 1909—1910 Somerset, Pa. (No Charge), 1911 — Strauss, A. M., Wellersburg, Pa., 1870—1872 Streamer, 0. S., Licensed, 1898—1899 Strieb, G. W Hagerstown, St. Matthew's, 1892—1895 Strobel, P. A., Westminster, 1868—1869 Stroup, G. W., Bittinger, 1903—1904 Myersville, St. John 's, 1904—1910 Studebaker, A. IL, Baltimore, First, 1886—1899 Baltimore, Incarnation, 1904 — 1909 Stumpf , J Frostbnrg, 1873—1874 Stup, A. C, Licensed, 1 89.3—1894 Stup, G. Z Licensed, 1898—1899 Sues-serot, B. C, Licensed, 1855 — 1856 Suman, J. J., Brucetown, Va., 1843 — 1844 Frederick, 1858—1861 Baltimore, 1862—1863 100 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. NamC' Location Year Frederick, 1864 Washington, 1865—1868 Georgetown, 1 869—1875 Washington, 1876-1884 Summers, J., Thiirmont, 1871—1879 Sutherland, E Cunilierland, St. John 's, 1896—1903 Rahway, X. ,T. (No Cliargc), 1902—1904 Swope, D., Clearsi^ring, 1876 — 1877 T Teufel, C. M Middletown, 1918— Tholan, S. F., Hampstead, 1901-1904 Thomas, C, Washington, 1873—187.5 Frederick (No Charge), 1895—1906 Wasliington, D. C. (No Charge), 1907—1910 Thompson, A., Licensed ' 1863—1864 Titus, T. T., Hagerstown, St. John's, 1867-1869 H;ager?town, Trinity 1869—1871 Traver, S., Westminster, Salem', 1917—1920 Treihley, D. B., Elkins, W. A^i., 1905—1906 Trostle, G Freedom, 1907—1910 Trowbridge, C. E Licensed, 1884—1885 Baltimore, St. Paul 's, 1893—1896 Easlon, Pa., 1896—1898 Troxell, M. F, Licensed, 1882—1883 Trump, C. S., Harpers Ferry, W. Ya., 1879—1882 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1888—1919 Turner, J. H., Burkittsville 1876-1880 Lutherville, Seminary 1880—1908 Lutherville (No Charge), 1908— Twele. J. C, Washington, St. John 's, 1917— U Uhler, G. I., Oakhnid 1898—1902 Sparrow's Point 1902—1912 Jefferson, 1915 — Ulrich, S. J Brandonville, W. Va 1906—1907 Umberger, J. B., Myersville, St. John 's, 191.5 — Unruh, J Sharpsburg, 1851 — 1 852 Boonsboro, 1852 — 1857 Thurmont, 1869 — 1870 V Valentine, M., Licensed, 185.3 — 1854 Gettysburg, Pa., 1869—1906 Valentine, M. H., Licensed, 1886—1888 Veith, H., Baltimore, St. Mark 's, German, 1870—1873 Cleveland, Ohio 1873—1876 A^ogelbach, J Philadelphia, Pa 1841 — 1842 \'on Hahmann, E., Baltimore, Brooklyn, 1909 — 1915 Von Hoxar, H., Baltimore, 1855 W Wachter, M., Woodsboro, 1821 — 1836 Aliddletown, Jefferson 1836-1843 THE PASTORS OF THE SYNOD. 101 Name Wade, J. P., ... Wade, W. A., . Wadsworth, W. A. Wagner, F. E., . . Walteniyer, W. C Warins:, L. H., . . Weaver, F. H., Weber, H. H., . Weddle, A. J., . Weidley, J., Weiser, R., . Welfley, J., . , Wentz, A. R., Wevl. C. G Wheeler, W. E., Wickey, N. -T. G Wiles, C. P., . . . Will, F. T.. Willard, P. Williairs, -T. R., Williams. L. T., Willis, .T., Winecoff, J., . Winder, L., Winter, J., . Wire, W. C, Location Year Frederick, 1844—1847 Woodsboro, 1847—1850 . Kglon, W. Va., 1908—1912 D.oubs, 1912—1917 Frederick (No Charge), 1917— Piedmont, W. Va., 190.5—1909 Washington, St. Mark's, 1912—1918 Baltimore, Holv Comforter, 1918— . r.ieensed, " 1811-1843 . Frostburg, 1901—1910 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1920— . Licensed, 1910—1911 Thurmont 1916— . Lovettsville, Va., 1896—1899 Georgetown, 1906—1916 Washington (No Charge), 1916 — . Grafton, W. Va., 1876—1877 IT. S. Army Chaplain, 1880—1897 Xewry, Pa. (No Charge) , 1907 — . Baltimore, Grace, 1885-1889 Home Mission Secretary, 1889 — Canton, ' 1843—1844 Cumberland, 1857—1868 Washington, Reformation, 1906 — . Martinsburg, W. Va., 183.5—1836 Woodsboro, 1837-1840 Afanehester, 1869 . Emmitsburg, 1852—1855 . Licensed. 1906—1909 Gettysburg, Pa., 1909— . Baltimore, 1842-1856 . Woodsboro, 1899—1904 Taneytown, 1904—1910 . Georgetown, 1916-1917 Harvard University, 1917 — . Licensed, " 1895—1896 Washington, Keller, 1908—1913 Philadelphia, Pa., 1913— . Boonsboro, 1918 — - . Manchester, 1842—1843 Westminster, 1843-1 846 Lovettsville. Va 1S46— 1850 . Hagerstown, Trinity, 1875—1883 Uniontown, ' 1891-1894 . Taneytown, 1859—1867 . Mversville 1906— . Cumberland, 1840—1844 Frostburg, 1856—1860 1863-1864 . Washington County, 1831-1832 . Creagerstown, 1822 — 1824 Gerrardstown. Va., 1824—1826 Middleway, Va.. 1826—1828 Williamsport, 1828—1834 Clearspring, 1834—1846 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1 846—1847 Westminster, 1848—1853 Clearspring. 1853 — 1854 . Burkittsville, 1869—1876 102 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Name Locailon Year Thurmont, 1876—1887 Bruuswick, 1S93 Wiseman, D. E., Washinotoii, Reileemcr, 1884 — A^'isswaesser, C. L., York, Pa., 1903—1904 Witnier, C, Cumberland, 1850—1857 Wolf, A. G., Silver Run, 1917— Wolf, E. J., Baltimore, Second, 1868-1873 Gettysburg, Pa., 1874—1880 Wolf, M., Licensed, 1860—1861 Worman, I. D., Davis, W. Va 1909—1912 Yeakley, T. B., Davis, W. Ya., 1901—1904 Confererce ]\Iissionarv 1904 — 1907 Yoder, J. 0., Silver Run, .' 1905—1912 Yonce, G. V., Licensed, 1880—1882 Yost, T. J., Cumberland, St. Paul 's, 1895—1902 Young, J. J., Grantsville, 1876—1880 Accident, 1881—1882 Young, M. L., Middletown, 1877—1880 Gettysburg, Pa., 18S1— 1884 Yugel, A., Bittinger, 1908— 191 Yutzy, J., Licensed, 1878—1879 Z Zerger, J. E Lewisto\^-n, 1889—1892 Zimmerman, F., Baltimore, 1863 Zimmerman, H. E., Myersville 1891-1893 Zinmierman, L. M., Baltimore, Christ, 1886 — CHAPTER YII. MISSIONS: HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. The Home Mission. The eleven pastors who in 1820 org-anized themselves into the Synod of Maryland and Virginia expected the organization to grow in numbers and to expand in territory. They did not have a very definite idea as to the bounds the Synod might some day reach. So they called themselves the "Synod of Maryland, Vir- ginia, and so forth." They were apparently conscious of the fact that all about them, ]iarticularly in the frontier regions on the South and West, were growing" numbers of Lutherans who needed to be conserved in the faith and brought into the fold of the Church. The founders of the Sj'nod were missionary in spirit from the begiiuiing-, and their purpose was not merely mutual edification and strengthening but also aggressive expansion of the Kingdom. The very first year after the organization of the Synod the number of clerical members was increased by five. One of these new members was "Father" Heyer, who was then laboring at Cumberland, but, who for several years had been a travelling missionary in western Pennsylvania, Maryland, southern Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. The next year, in 1822, the Synod en- tered actively upon its work of home missions. ' ' It having been stated, that in several districts, a considerable number of Lu- therans resided who could not supply themselves with a minister of the Gospel, it was Resolved, That the President appoint one of our brethren a missionary for three months, to such districts of our country, and wdth such instructions as he may deem ex- pedient." And forthwith $159.43 was placed in the hands of the Treasurer "for missionary purposes, and to aid indigent stu- dents and widows. ' ' The treasurer himself, Abraham Reck, was appointed the synodical missionarj". A month after the Synod adjourned he began his work and at the next meeting of Synod, 1823, presented a detailed journal of his travels and transactions. From this journal we learn that "Reck left his home about the 9th of Oc- tober, 1822, and entered on the mission to which he was ap- 103 104 HISTORY OF MARYF.AND SYNOD. pointed, in some of the most destitute parts of Virginia, and Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The field in which he laboured, em- braced the counties of Hampshire, Hardy, Pendleton, Randolph, Harrison, Preston and Monongalia, in A'irginia; the counties of Greene and Fayette, in Pennsylvania ; and that section of Mary- land west of Cumberland. Missionating to and fro throughout this extensive territory, he spent about ninety days, preaching repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, to all who would hear him, but directing his chief attention to the lost sheep of the Lutheran fold : keeping back notliing that M'as profitable to them, but teaching then publicly and from house to house. He found numerous Lutherans throughout the whole of this district, and also some regularly organized Lutheran churches, but destitute of stated ministrations. Great desire was manifested by some to have the Gospel regularly preached to them. He baptized 13 children, preached Sf) sermons, rode about 1,006 miles, visited all the chief towns in this whole district, as well as also a vast multitude of families and individuals. Gen- erally his audience was as large as the population and short no- tice could justify him in expecting. Generally also the}' were very attentive, and on several occasions peculiarly impressed." That 3'ear the Synod appointed its licentiate. Rev. Jacob Med- tart, to missionate among the scattered children of the faith, and because he generously declined receiving any mone.}' from the treasurj^ to defray' his expenses. Rev. N. B. Little, another li- centiate, was also appointed synodical missionary for that year. From their reports at the convention of Synod in 182-4 we learn that Medtart ' ' left home in the beginning of December, to preach the everlasting gospel in the destitute districts of those southern countries, from which the voice of distress, and of spiritual pri- vation had been poured into our ears. Appointed to labor for three months, he extended both the time and the missionary ground considerably, and returned not until eight months had been consumed, and several of the southern and western states had been passed through." His journal shows that he spent most of his time in the Caroliuas under the direction of Pastor Shober, but that a few months were spent also in Ohio (Cincin- nati, Lancaster) and the western parts of Pennsylvania. Little also received his specific instructions from Pastor Shober and la- bored chiefly in Rowan County, North Carolina. The success of these home missionary efforts was so pronounced and the need they disclosed seemed so great that the Synod de- termined to undertake the work in a systematic way. A commit- tee was appointed in 1824 "to collect information relative to the MISSIONS: HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 105 missionary wants of our country, and report at our next session such measures relative to our missionary operations as they may deem best calculated to promote the cause of Christ." This re- sulted four years later in a synodical Missionary Society. Mean- while the Synod continued the practice of appointing one of her number each year as synodical missionary. In 1826 Rev. W. G. Keil missionated for the S^niod in Guernsey County. Ohio. His work was regarded as a great success and he received an urgent call to come to Ohio and take permanent charge of some of the congregations he had organized. This was evidently regarded as proper territory to be included in the Synod of Maryland and Virginia, for at the same meeting it was resolved "that hereafter the missionaries of this synod shall con- fine their labors to the territories of this synod, until otherwise ordered." Keil, however, did not accept the call to Ohio until several years later and when he did remove to Ohio he withdrew from the Maryland and Virginia Synod and became a member of the Ohio Synod. A decided step forward in the missionary work of the Synod was taken in 1828. A committee consisting of Morris, Reck, Medtart, and two laymen, presented a constitution for the "Par- ent Domestic Missionary and Education Society of the Evangel- ical Lutheran Synod of Maryland and Virginia." Tlie objects of the Society were "to assist pious indigent students for the ministry, in completing their studies at the Theological Semi- nary, to supph" our destitute brethren with the means of grace, and to promote the general interests of the Gospel in the Luther- an Church." Membership in the Society involved the annual payment of one dollar, life membership ten dollars, and life di- rectorship twenty dollars. Provision was made for auxiliary so- cieties in individual congregations. The officers and directors of the Parent Society were mostly laymen. Already the first year the treasurer reported receipts of over $270. Seven auxiliary societies and a large number of individuals were cooperating. The Society reported annually to the Synod until 1885 when the missionary interest was separated from the educational and each became auxiliary to an organization transcending synodical bounds. The next two years, 1829 and 1830, Rev. H. L. Baugher was the synodical missionary and labored "in the neighborhood of Beaver Creek." In 1831 Rev. N. B. Little was again appointed to travel for three months among the destitute brethren and was requested to direct his attention particularly to Cincinnati, Ohio. He organized several new churches and the following year writes 106 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. from Cireleville, Ohio, to sa}' that he intends to settle there among his newly organized eon.gregations. That same year, 3831, Rev. F. J. Ruth, a licentiate of tlie Synod, received permission to mis- sionate in Ohio and to settle there, and in 1832 Rev. E. Green- wald, another licentiate, took up his work in Ohio. All three of these brethren, Ruth, Greenwald, and Little, were afterwards dis- missed from the Maryland Synod to unite with the Ohio Synod. These young men at once assumed positions of leadership in Ohio, and in 1840 we find W. G. Keil the President, and F. J. Ruth the Treasurer of the Ohio Synod. Ruth also rendered yeoman mis- sionary service on the wide stretches of the present state of Ohio. Peter Rizer was sent b}' the Synod to South Carolina in 1834 and under the appointment of the South Carolina Synod labored in the states of Georgia and Alabama. Then the next year Rev. John Reck, brother of Abraham Reck, was api^ointed synodical "missionary to the west" for one year. He did not return from his mission field and the president of Synod reported that he had located in Shanesville, Ohio. Another contribution to the home mission field of ' ' the west ' ' was made in the person of Abraham Reck, the first treasurer of the Synod, who left Middletown in 1836 and went to Indiana, thence to Cincinnati in 1841, to Ger- mantown, Ohio, in 1845, and to Tartleton in 1847. Repeatedly', while these men Avere travelling to Ohio and In- diana and the Carolinas and the South, the demand arose for "a missionary in our own bounds." Accordingly, in 1837, Rev. Francis Springer, of Clearspring, was appointed the Synod's missionary for seven months and under explicit instructions la- bored during the summer of 1838 chiefly in Washington and Al- legheny Counties. The next spring Mr. Springer removed from Clearspring and located in Springfield, Illinois. In 1839 Rev. Reuben Weiser travelled three months in the western states as the Synod's representative. The journalsl of all these missionaries abound in interesting narratives and thrilling experiences. In the modes of travel they employed, in the conditions of living they encountered, in the spiritual destitution that alternated with a genuine thirst for the preaching of the Word, these hardy messengers of the Synod in the accounts of their travels present striking commentaries on the primitive conditions of pioneer life in that day. Like Henry Melchior Muhlenberg in his travels over Pennsylvania and else- where from New York to Georgia, like Berkenmeyer in his min- istrations along the Hudson, like Stoever and Kurtz in Pennsyl- vania, like Bager and Wildbahn in Pennsylvania and Maryland, like Henkel and Stoever in Virginia, during the Eighteenth Cen- MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 107 tury, like Paul Heiikel in his travels in Virginia and the South and his striking- ox-eart tours over Ohio before the days of the Maryland Synod, so these synodical missionaries whose names we have barely recounted suffered hardship, encountered danger, and actually risked their lives, in order to furnish spiritual re- enforcement to the scattered army of bold pioneers who had ac- tively begun the process of "winning the west" for civilization. Over wide stretches of wilderness they travelled, hunting up par- ticularly the Lutherans who were destitute of spiritual ministry, preaching to them, administering the sacraments, organizing them into congregations, or encouraging them in any way possi- ble and wherever they could be found. Not a few of the Synod 's travelling missionaries were so deeply impressed with the spirit- ual need of those regions and the opportunities for genuine serv- ice they atitorded, that they relinquished their established con- greg'ations in the East and took up their abode in those frontier communities. Bnt, the day of larger undertakings was approaching. The General S^'uod had been organized in 1820 and from the begin- ning she turned her attention to the harvest field of home mis- sions. Indeed, this was one of the purposes of the organization of the general body. Slowly, very slowly, the home missionary machinery was manufactured, for there was a strong prejudice against centralization. The Maryland Synod stood ready from the beginning to cooperate with the general body in any kind of mission work, and even before Springer and Weiser had acted as synodical missionaries the Synod had begun to merge her home missionary operations with those of the other synods in the or- ganized work of the larger body. After several preliminary- efforts at effecting an organization in the General Synod to prosecute the work of home missions, Dr. Morris of the Maryland Synod presented a resolution to the General Synod in 1835 recommending the holding of a Mission- ary Convention of Lutheran Ministers. This resulted, October, 1835, in the organizing of what was called the "Central Mission- ary Society of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States." This society was home missionary in its purpose. It undertook to establish "a system of societies throughout the church." Its membership, however, was not representative of the General Synod but was altogether personal and composed of contributors to its funds. So it failed of wide support and after a brief and uneventful career passed away. Then the Maryland Sjaiod continued her missionary activity on her own account. In 1842 three of her licentiates were sent to 108 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYXOD. the West. Kev. J. G. Harris went to Ohio and began a very suc- cessful work in and about Mansfield. Rev. AVilliam A. Wads- worth settled in the same state and labored witli "reat success at Canton. Rev. William R. MeChesney started to build up an Eng- lish congregation at Louisville, Kentucky. Harris and Wads- worth were dismissed to the English S^'uod of Ohio, MeChesney to the Synod of the West. The Synod also undertook the partial support of McChesne.^- in his mission at Louisville. At the same time the Synod revived her own missionary society and began to agitate the subject among other synods. The attention of the General Synod was again directed to the subject of home missions in 1843 when Dr. H. L. Baugher, a dele- gate from the Maryland Synod, in his report on the State of the Church, called emphatic attention to the urgent need and general apathy prevailing throughout the Church on the subject. At the same time the General Synod adopted the suggestion of the Mary- land Synod to recommend to all the ministers the use of what was called "The Cent a Week Plan," a device that yielded con- siderable sums of money for missionary purposes. This started a sentiment in favor of a definite home missionary organization within the General Synod. That sentiment grew and at the next meeting of the General Synod in 1845 it crystal- lized in the formation of the "Home Missionary Society of the General Synod." Here again the initiative came from the dele- gates of the Maryland Synod. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz was chair- man of the General Synod's committee to prepare a constitution for the Home Missionary Society and a plan for its operation, and when the organization was formed its president, first vice- president, recording secretary, corresponding secretary, and treasurer, were all from the Maryland Synod. Its constitution is a strong reminder of that of the Maryland Synod 's missionary and education society formed in 1828. This Synod was the first to approve the formation of the new Parent Society, to recom- mend an annual offering for home missions in every congregation, and to transmit all home mission funds to the treasurer of the Parent Society. For more than twenty years this organization of 1845 carried on the general home missionary operations of the General S.ynod, receiving and disbursing several thousands of dollars each year and furnishing substantial aid to hundreds of missionaries in many different states. But two difficulties attended its work : First, a want of suitable men, and second, a want of cooperation and the insistence on separate synodical action. Efforts were made to sustain the Society and enlist Avider co- MISSIONS : HOIME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 109 operation. Tlirou<;li the influence of tlie Synod of Maryland a convention was called to meet in Baltimore to discuss all the mis- sionary operations of the General Synod. It met in Dr. Morris' Church, April 21, 1852. There were representatives from the Hartwick Synod, New York Ministerium, Pennsylvania, East Pennsylvania, AVest Pennsylvania, Allegheny, Maryland, Olive Branch, and Yirg-inia Synods. Five committees were appointed to report on Church Extension, Education, Home Missions, For- eign Missions, and Endowment of Church Institutions. But apart from promoting good fellowship the eon^'ention does not seem to have produced any practical results. In 1853 it was reported that only two synods were supporting the Home Missionary Society of the General Synod, namely, Maryland and AVest Pennsylvania, and the executive committee was thinking of abandoning the work entirely. But just then, perhaps as a result of Dr. Morris' convention in 1852, a healthy reaction set in and several other synods joined in the work. Nevertheless, the feeling continued that the Society should be organically bound up with the life and prestige of the General Synod itself. As to the best way of accomplishing this delicate change the organization of benevolence in some of the district synods themselves furnished a fine analogy. Already in 1848 the Maryland Synod, on motion of Dr. Harkey, had expressed the conviction that the entire business of missions is the proper work of the Synod itself, had resolved it- self as a body into a Missionary Society, had appointed the of- ficers of Sj'nod themselves an executive committee to supervise these benevolences, and had provided for annual reports and ad- dresses and regular and systematic contributions to these objects. Soon this example was followed by other synods : East Pennsyl- vania, West Pennsylvania, Alleghany, Pittsburgh, and others farther west. All these synodical organizations declared them- selves auxiliary to the Society of the General Synod and trans- mitted their funds without limiting their application. This iden- tification of the mission work with the district synods' own proper life and business suggested the remedy for the weaknesses of the ' ' Home Missionar.v Society of the General Synod. ' ' Accordingly, in 1866 the constitution of the Society was amended so as to make the Society more representative of the General Synod as a body and to invest it with more authorit.v to command the cooperation of the synods. These changes were made at the suggestion of Dr. Morris who was then chairman of the executive committee of the Societv, and thev looked towards 110 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. iiuikinp- the Home Missionary Society identical with the General Synod itself. This last step was taken in 1869. The General Synod conven- tion of 1869 was a memorable one, in several respects the most eventful one in the history of the General Synod. A new epoch was inauii'urated, not only in regard to liturgy and polity but also in regard to the benevolence of the Church. It closed the era of individualism and synodical independence in prosecuting the benevolent enterprises of the Church, and it inaugurated an era of concentrated resources and cooperative administration. The Home Missionary Society transferred all its funds and all its interests to the General Synod and went into dissolution. The General Synod decided to assume control of its home mission affairs and adopted the plan by which it committed the entire ad- ministration of the work to a Board as its representative. This method continued in use throughout the remaining half century of the General Synod's life and it is the method in use to-day in the United Lutheran Church. The Board is the agent of the en- tire Church not a part of it, it directs the work of Home Missions for the entire Church, it administers funds received from all parts of the Church and applies them to the entire field as the need and opportunity may demand, and without regard to synodical bounds or the measure of synodical contributions. It will be seen, therefore, to what a large extent the Maryland Synod was instrumental in evolving the method of administer- incr benevolences that has so thoroughly approved itself to the Church and that has operated with such great success through more than half a century. Just before the final step was taken in the direction of complete centralization, from 1866 to 1868, the Maryland Synod had contributed more than six hundred dollars annually for three years towards the support of Dr. Harkey in St. Louis and in 1867 had sent four thousand dollars to buy a lot and erect a building for his mission there. But as soon as the new policy went into effect the Synod gave her fullest co- operation, transferred all her missions and mission funds to the Board, and appointed an advisory committee, as requested, to act in concert with the General Board. Throughout the half century of its existence the Board of Home Missions has always had the undivided loyalty and the ardent support of the Maryland Synod. More than half of its life the Board was located in Baltimore and a large proportion of its members have been men of the Maryland Synod. Two other home missionary items call for mention here. One is the ''"Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. Ill Maryland Sjaiod." On the initiative of the Synod itself this or- ganization was formed in 1883, and for sixteen years its minutes were published by the Synod in conneetion with her own minutes. One of the leaders in the splendid work of the women throughout the Church, the Maryland Synodical Society has always had the warmest support and practical cooperation of the Maryland Synod. A brief account of the history and work of the Society will be found later in this chapter. The other fact demanding notice in this connection is the de- velopment of the home mission field in West Virginia. It was in 1903 that the Allegheny Conference of the Maryland Synod called vigorous attention to the urgent need of that field and asked for aggressive action. The Synod at once presented the matter to the general Board of Home Missions but at the same time pledged the funds for the support of a district missionary in that field. Rev. T. B. Yeakley was chosen missionary. He began his work in January, 1904, and that year organized a church at Fairmont and one at Elkins and canvassed a number of other towns and cities. The Synod then committed the promis- ing enterprise to the General Synod's Board of Home Missions but for two years more continued the direct support of the dis- trict missionary b.y pledges taken on the floor of Synod. These direct contributions, which were in addition to the Synod's ap- portionment for home missions, amounted to more than a thou- sand dollars annually. The district missionary reported to the Synod each year the details of his work in West Virginia, and the astounding development of the field and the startling rapidity with which he organized congregations, secured pastors for old fields long vacant, led mission churches to self-support, founded new missions and established out stations, makes his narratives read like a romance. In 1910 the Home Mission Board was sup- plying aid to fifteen missions within the bounds of the Maryland Synod, among them such promising fields as Keyser, Davis, Fair- mont, Elkins, Clarksburg, and Huntington. Suffice it to say that in 1912 these flourishing mission churches united with several congregations formerly in the Allegheny Conference of the Mary- land Synod and with the churches at Wheeling to organize a new Synod, the West A^irginia Synod. And this newest accession to the ranks of the district synods of the General Synod is the direct outgrowth of the home missionary zeal of the Maryland Synod. The Foreign Mission. The foreign mission activities of the Maryland Synod can be related in fewer words than the home missionarv. Not that the 112 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. interest of the Synod in that department of benevolence was less keen nor that her cooperation in the work was less cordial, but because from the nature of the case the individual district synod has less opportunity to be conspicuous in the sphere of foreign missions than in that of home missions. For some years before the General Synod undertook the work of Foreign Missions the Maryland Synod had become alive to the expansive element in our religion, the propulsive power of the Gospel, and the world-wide mission of the Church. This spirit of aggressive evangelization of tlie unsaved was fostered in the Synod by the operations and reports of the home mission- aries, by the annual sermons on missions, which began as early as 1829, and by the annual reports and circulars, l)oth informational and inspirational, of the Sj'iiod 's standing committee on missions. When, therefore, the General Sjaiod was ready to distinguish be- tween home missions and foreign missions and to undertake for- eign missions as a distinct department of benevolence, tlie Mary- land Synod was thoroughly prepared for the move. The Central Missionary Society formed in 1835, to which we have already referred, had as one of its objects ' ' ultimately to co- operate in sending it (the Gospel) to the heathen world." But no definite steps in the direction of prosecuting the foreign mis- sion project v/ere taken until the Church heard the strong ap- peals which came from the celebrated Gutzlaif of China and the indefatigable Rhenius of India. These appeals called the Church to immediate action on the foreign field. Then the General Synod referred the matter to the district synods and on motion of Dr. Morris called on the sj^nods to give ' ' an expression of their senti- ments and feelings respecting the establishment of a Foreign Mission by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States. ' ' On this subject the Maryland Synod gave no uncertain sound. She took action in 1836 declaring that "the Synod of Maryland considers it the imperative and immediate duty of the Evangel- ical Lutheran Church in the I'^nited States to establish a For- eign Missionary Society that our delegates to the General Synod be instructed to sustain any efforts which the Geiieral Synod may make for the extension of the Redeemer 's kingdom in heathen countries." At the next meeting of the General Synod, which was at Hagerstown in 1837, a committee of which Dr. Benjamin Kurtz was chairman outlined a policy for the work and planned a con- vention to organize a Foreign Missionary Society. At this con- vention, which was held at Hagerstown immediately after the MISSIONS: HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 113 adjournment of the General S.ynod, nearly half of the delegates were from the Maryland Synod and Dr. Kurtz was president of the convention and chairman of the committee that drafted the constitution for the Society. It was this Foreign Missionary So- ciety that appointed "Father" Heyer to go to India in 3840 as the first foreign missionary of the American Lutheran Church. When difficulties arose because the Society proposed to operate through the interdenominational American Board, Heyer was sent out by the Pennsylvania Synod in 1841. Tlie first mission- ar}" actually sent out by the Foreign Missionary Society of the General Synod was AValter Gunn, who went to India in 1843. It was under this organization also that Morris Officer began our work in Africa in 1860. With this Society for fostering the foreign missionary enter- prise among the Initherans of our country the Maryland Synod cooperated by contribution, by agitation, and in every way pos- sible. In 1 848 the Synod, at a special meeting of the ministerium called for that purpose, ordained Rev. G. J. Martz and solemnly set him apart for the Lutheran mission in India. This was the beginning of a long line of honored names on the ministerial roll of the Synod of men whom she has sent directlv to the foreign field. When the benevolences of the Church entered upon their new era in 1869, precisely the same influences and personalities that we have noted as having led to the formation of a Board of Home Missions were the influences and personalities that led to the formation of a Board of Foreign Missions. One other distinctive contribution our Synod made to the pres- ent efficient organization of the Board of Foreign Missions, and that is the salaried General Secretary. In 1874, on motion of Professor E. J. Wolf, the Synod declared : "Whereas, The work of Foreign Missions, under the auspices of the General Synod, is beginning to assume such proportions as indicate the manifest favor of God and a deep and liberal interest on the part of the Church, calling for a careful supervision of the work; therefore. Resolved, That our delegates to the General Synod are directed to ask of that body the appointment of a General Superintendent of Foregin Missions with a liberal salary." The following year on motion of Dr. Charles A. Stork this action was reaffirmed. Armed with this resolution the delegates of the Maryland Synod secured from the General Synod in 1877 the resolution that "it is the sense of this body that there should be a paid Secretary of Foreign Missions who shall devote his whole time to the interests of the work. ' ' Accordingly as soon as the funds could be secured, ] 14 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. which was not until 1886, the first General Secretary' was em- ployed in the person of Rev. Dr. George Scholl. In 1877, eight years after the Board of Foreign Missions was constituted, its headquarters were transferred from New York to Baltimore where they have remained to the present. For some years after this transfer of the Board's location every member of the Board except one was a member of the Maryland Synod. The presidents of the Board from that day to this have all been from our Synod: Dr. Charles A. Stork, ^1877-1884; Dr. J. G. Butler, 1884-1895; Dr. F. Ph. Hennighausen, 1895-1897; Dr. Luther Kuhlman, 1897-1916 ; Dr. Ezra K. Bell, 1916 to the pres- ent. Mr. Oliver F. Lantz, of the First Lutheran Church in Bal- timore, was for thirty years, 1877-1907, the efficient treasurer of the Board. Of her sons and daughters the Maryland Syiiod has also given liberally to the work of Foreign Missions. On Christmas Day, 1871, at a special meeting of the Miuisteriuni in St. Mark's, Bal- timore, Rev. J. H. Harpster, a licentiate of the Synod, was or- dained and solemnly consecrated to the work of Foreign Mis- sions. Shortly thereafter Dr. Harpster sailed for India where he took his place alongside of Dr. Unangst who for some time had been the only missionary on the Guntur field. His long period of splendid service on that field is well known. In 1885 Rev. J. Nichols, another licentiate of the Synod, was ordained at a spe- cial meeting and at once commissioned to India. Dr. George Albrecht, who had received ad interim license from the Mary- land Synod in 1891, was ordained at a special meeting in June, 1892, and sailed at once for India. Rev. A. Pohlman was licensed in 1893 and ordained in 1894 and after a medical course took up his work at Monrovia, Africa. In 1900 the Maryland Synod, on request of Dr. Harpster, empowered the India Conference to or- dain Rev. Peravalli Abraham. On the clerical roll of the Synod to-da}' are found the names of the following missionaries : Victor Macauley, ordained in 1898 and assigned to Guntur, India ; Isaac Cannaday, foreign pastor of St. Mark's, Baltimore; E. A. Ayers, of Monrovia, Africa; John E. Graef, licensed by the Maryland Synod in 1914 and ordained by the Guntur Synod in 1916; and Harry Goedeke, ordained 1919 at a special meeting and commis- sioned to India. Most of the representatives of the Synod on the foreign field were accompanied also by faithful daughters of the Synod. As in the home missionary work of the Church so in the foreign missionary work the Maryland Synod has indirectly rendered noteworthv service through her synodical Woman's Home and MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 115 Foreig-n Missionary Society. We introduce here a modest narra- tive of the life and work of that Society as written by Miss Mary Baylies. The Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society. Beginnings: The history of the AVonian's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the Maryland Synod began in 1880, when the Synod appointed a committee consisting of Mrs. M. L. Trow- bridge, Baltimore ; Miss Olevia McKee, Hagerstown, and Mrs. Mary Strobe! Levy, Frederick, to take general oversight of the Woman's Missionary work in Maryland Synod for the purpose of organizing a Synodical Society. The committee undertook the work with fear and trembling. It was so entirely new and the difficulties to be overcome so many, they felt at times they must give it up ; but encouraged by the success the movement was making in other sections of the Church, and looking to God for guidance and wisdom, they persevered and at the next meeting of Synod were able to report they had organized seven societies, one each in the following churches: First, Second, St. Mark's, St. Paul's, Baltimore; Trinity, Taneytown ; Trinity, Hagers- town; and AVater's Store, Howard County. As the members of this first committee lived in localities too widely separated for frequent consultations, it was found im- possible to work together with advantage, and consequently Mrs. Trowbridge, the chairman, suggested to the Synod the appoint- ment of a committee whose members should all live in the same place. This was done and the following committee appointed : Mrs. Emma B. Scholl, Chairman ; Miss Josephine Brauns, Sec- retary, and Mrs. W. H. James, Treasurer, all of whom lived in Baltimore. This committee met once a month seeking counsel of God and of each other, and to that policy, which has been con- tinued to the prese}it day by the synodical committee, Maryland attributes much of her success. In its first report to the Synod this second committee say ''it is with great reluctance and with feeling akin to despair that they undertook the task laid upon them." Their principal difficulty was the inditference of the women themselves, owing to an in- adequate conception oP missionary work. Then, too, while a large number of the pastors willingly cooperated with the committee and did all in their power to organize societies in their congre- gations, there were some who seemed to think the chief object of the Woman's Society was raising money, and as these funds could not be counted on the apportionment, no encouragement was given for the organization of a society. The committee very 116 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. properly felt that its first work was to educate, and with this ob- ject set about the work with zeal and earnestness. To Mrs. Emma B. Scholl, the Chairman, much credit and praise should be given for untiring and intelligent effort, supple- mented by the ready willingness of the consecrated Secretary, Miss Josephine L. Brauns. The women were urged to organize themselves into societies for the purpose of studying missions and praying for the success of the cause, for it was believed that the increased knowledge and broader outlook would bear fruit in larger offerings for the Master's work. Letters were written to the pastors asking cooperation and from most of them came cheering words and promises of support. Thus encouraged the work grew rapidly and at the first Con- vention of the Society held in the First Church, Baltimore, Octo- ber 5, 1883, the Secretary reported the enrollment of twenty-two societies, with 692 members and offerings amounting to ^740.89. At this convention two Vice-Presidents were added to the Sy nod- ical Committee, namely, Miss Amy L. Sadtler and Mrs. Ellen D. Hynson. It was at this first Convention that the constitution of the General Synod was adopted and Maryland at once took a prominent place among her sister societies, a place which she has continued to hold with honor and leadership through all the years. The foundations were laid broad and strong, the super- structure has risen year by year, each adding new grace and beauty of development until in amazement we cry "what has God wrought. ' ' Literature Committee : Early in the history of the Society, during Mrs. Hamma's term of office as president, a Bureau of Information was formed. The purpose of this Bureau was to col- lect sources of information such as tracts, books, newspa])er clip- pings, and so forth, and to send them out to the dift'erent societies. The Bureau, or Committee as it was afterward called, was com- posed of one member from each society in the city of Baltimore. Miss Mary Rice of the Second Church was for many years the efficient Chairlady. Its first publication was a small book called a "Manual of Gospel Services," containing responsive readings, hymns and instructions for conducting meetings. This was pri- marily intended for our own women, but it was later endorsed by the General Executive Committee and soon found its way throughout the General Society, and also through the societies of the South, who were just newly awakened to an interest in w^oman's work in missions. At this time a Mite Box was also prepared by the committee. It was made of blue card board, having appropriate texts and to MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 117 make it distinctively Lutheran, the head of Martin Luther was printed on the top. This Mite Box was the fore-runner of the Thank-offering- Box, so familiar and so much loved by all Luther- an Missionary Women. Conferences : Early in her history in an effort to reach the largest proportion of her members, Conferences were organized to meet annually in the Spring of the year. These Conferences cover the same territory as the Conferences of the Maryland Synod. The Eastern and Middle Conferences were organized in 1891, the Western in 1892, and the Allegheny, afterward called the Mountain, in 1903. Traveling Secretary : Still feeling the work was not as care- fully looked after as might be, and with the hope of organizing a society in every congregation, a Traveling Secretary was ap- pointed for this special work. Miss Laura Wade Kice was se- lected as the first incumbent and retained the office until 1905. Box Work : One of the most helpful features of our mission- ary effort has been the Box Work. The packing of boxes with necessary articles for the home missionary and his family began in the early days of our society and has been faithfully continued. Thousands of dollars have gone into this work, carr^dng aid and happiness to many a home missionary. Later a department for Foreign Box Work was added and every demand for that work was cheerfully met. Foreign Work: Since 1889 the Maryland Synodical Society has had her special representative in India. The first one to go was Miss Amy L. Sadtler, and for the honor of having one of her own members a Foreign Missionary, she immediately asked permission of the General Executive Committee to undertake Miss Sadtler 's support. Consent to this was secured and $500 was given annually as a Free Will offering. In 1891 Miss Sadtler decided to give her services without salary, and at our request the Executive Committee allowed us to substitute Dr. Mary Baer, who was then ready to sail. The amount of salary was increased to $600 annually. Home Work : Mrs. James, wheii she was president, suggested that as we had our special Foreign Missionary, we should under- take, with the approval of the Executive Committee, one of our Home Missions, contributing to the salary of the pastor the amount given by the General Society, thus having for our special work a missionary in India and a missionary in the Home Field. The new mission at Ann Arbor, Michigan, was assigned to us, and the first year's salarj^ was paid out of a legacy of $1,000 left us by Miss Annie H. Morris. After that our aniiual Thank-offering 118 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. was given to this object, until 1897 when the Executive Commit- tee decided that all Thank-offerino- money should be paid into the General Fund. This decision did not deter Maryland from con- tinuing- her special home work and she contributed annually to the pastor's salary at Ann Arbor until that Mission became self- sup])orting. After that the new Home Mission at Clarksburg, West Virginia, was substituted and this continues to be our spe- cial Home Mission work. Thank-offering : At her Tenth Anniversary, Maryland gave a Thank-offering of $890.59 in grateful acknowledgment of her many blessings, and adopted at this time an annual Thank-offer- ing as a part of her regular work. The Maryland Synodical So- ciety has the honor of being the first in the General Society to adopt the plan of an annual Thank-offering, which has proved so large a factor in the general work. Maryland has alv/ays been most loyal to every call and plan of the Executive Committee and nowhere has this been shown more forcefully than in her contributions to all special work, both at home and abroad, undertaken bj' the General Society. These claims were her first consideration and she has always calculated that her share of the full amount is one-fifth of the whole. There- fore she has given to all the Home Mission churches built, the schools and hospital in India and the Emma V. Day school in Africa. Finances: The total contributions amount to $193,672.63. In- cluded in this are legacies amounting to $6,660.05 from the fol- lowing : Miss Annie H. Morris, $1,000 . 00 Misa Elizabeth Ober, 85 . 26 The Misses Engienian and Mirs. Eliza J. Frownfelter, 663.18 Mrs. Maria L. Trowbridge, 1,000. 00 Miss Sarah C. Trump, . 100. 00 Miss Anna Woodworth, 868. 31 Miss M. E. Werdebaugh, 200 . 00 Miss Mary E. Sauerwein, I,2't3. 30 Miss Mary Hay Morris, 1,500 . 00 Also the following Annuitants of the General Society are credited to Maryland : Miss Clara V. Sadtler, .$500 . 00 Miss Maggie Mehring, 5,500 . 00 Mrs. Martha Fringer, 500 . 00 Mrs. Laura J. Doub, 400 . 00 Miss Elizabeth Sheeleigh, 100 . 00 Miss Grace Sheeleigh, 100. 00 Mrs. Susan Haf er,'^ 200 . 00 Miss Elizabeth Hartman, 100 . 00 Miss Flora V. Hayes, 100 . 00 Total, $7,500. 00 MISSIONS: HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. ]19 Specials : Among the special objects to which Marj'land has given, in addition to her regular work are the following: $500 for the furnishing of a room in the Woman's Hospital, India, in memory of Miss Annie H. Morris; $1,000 for the endowment of a bed in the India Hospital in memory of Miss Josephine L. Brauns; $9,000 for a Nurses' Home and Training School in con- nection with the hospital in India ; $4,000 for a Dispensary at Chirala, India, in memory of Mrs. Jane Bennett Heilman, $200 for a Window to the memory of Miss M. E. Werdebaugh, in the Church at CUarksburg, West Virginia; $500 tO| Dr. Kugler's Work in Guntur; $500 to Dr. Baer's Work in Chirala, and $500 to Rentachintala. Officers : From the very beginning Marjdand has been singu- larly blessed in her Presidents. Mrs. Emma B. Scholl, Mrs. M. V. Hamma, Mrs. Luther Kuhlman, Mrs. W. H. James, Mrs. P. A. Heilman, Mrs. G. W. Miller, Mrs. C. P. Wiles, and Mrs. G. W. Baughman ; all of them women of vision and faith, who planned wisely and had the courage to attempt great things. For Vice- Presidents she has had such women as Miss Mary Hay Morris, Mrs. J. D. Main, Mrs. S. A. Diehl, Mrs. Luther Kuhlman, Miss Maggie Bingham, Mrs. E. L. Forrest, Mrs. D. S. Lentz, Mrs. C. V. Spielman, Mrs. H. H. Bixler, Mrs. G. W. Baughman, Miss Liz- zie T. Birely, Mrs. G. W. Roessner, Mrs. G. V. Ruhl, Miss M. E. Kephart, Mrs. C. D. Bell, and Miss Martha Hoener. Miss Emilia Brauns was the first Corresponding Secretary, followed by MLss Mary Baylies, who served for twenty-five years, Mrs. C. B. Rob- erts, and Mrs. James G. Pugh. The first Recording Secretary was Miss Josephine L. Brauns of blessed memorj^ followed by Miss Kate Sadtler, Miss Sallie M. Protzman, Miss Clara Genso and for the past nineteen years Mrs. James P. Reese. In all her history Maryland has had but three Treasurers : Mrs. N. H. James, Mrs. E. D. Miller, and Mrs. S. F. Ziegler, who has been in office since 1894. Our faithful Historian was Miss Sarah Trump who served until her death in 1914, when she was suc- ceeded by her sister Miss Elizabeth Trump. With such women as these in office the work has been well organized and wisely ad- ministered. Missionaries : From her fold have gone to India : Miss Amy Sadtler, now Mrs. George Albrecht ; Miss Kate Sadtler, Dr. Eleanor B. Wolf, Miss Rebekah Hoffman, Miss Tillia Nelson and Mrs. Harry Goedeke; also, one under appointment. Miss Alice Nickel. General Officers : She has also given a number of her daugh- ters to fill prominent positions in the General Society. The mem- 120 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. bers of the General Literature Committee from the time that Committee was enlarged in 1897 until the Merger, have always been elected from the Maryland Synodical Society. Mrs. P. A. Heilman, wliile President of Maryland, was elected President of the General Society; Mrs. E. D. Miller was for many years the General Treasurer; Miss Mary Hay Morris was General Corre- sponding Secretary; and Mrs. Emma B. SchoU, General His- torian. Another of our members is Miss Sallie M. Protzman, the efficient Secretary of Literature and for a number of years the associate editor of Lutheran Womcui's Work. Miss Laura M^ade Rice, one of the editors of The Children's Missionary and later of Lutheran Boys and Girls, is one of our own. We are glad to claim also Mrs. F. A. Handsche, the Secretary of Foreign Box Work, and Miss Sarah C. Sadtler, whose labor of love in prepar- ing the Bible lessons for our monthly meetings has borne such rich fruitage. And what shall we say of the hundreds of mem- bers, unknown perhaps beyond their local societies, and jet with- out whose loyalty and faithful service Maryland's history would not be what it is? Surely the Master's "well done" will sound just as sweetly to them as to those called to labor in larger fields. So we see it is a long journey we have come from our First Convention in 1883, when we reported twenty auxiliaries with 692 members and an offering of $740.58 to our last one when the reports showed 133 auxiliaries, 5,463 members and $12,422.32 offering for the year. But figures cannot tell all our story. How can we tell of the prayer, of the sacrifice, of the devotion and years of services that have been given to the work ? How can we tell of the blessings that have come to our members in a broader vision, a more unselfish purpose, a deeper consecration of life be- cause of membership in our societies ? When at the Merger meet- ing in New York in November, 1918, Maryland gave up her proud old name of "Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the Maryland Synod" and was given the new name of "The Women's Missionary Society of the Maryland Synod," she took it with the determination to make it just as honorable, just as glorious as the old one; and with firm reliance upon God, to whom she owes all her success, she presses forward to greater achievements in His name. The Inner Mission. Another line of mission work directly supported b^' the Synod is that of the Inner Mission, faith working through love. This is a very recent development. From the nature of the case it is limited largely to the metropolitan City of Baltimore. It began MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 121 just in time to render a notable service during the World AVar of 1914. This work was initiated and has been prosecuted b}' the Lu- theran Ministers' Association of Baltimore. At a preliminary meeting in October, 1913, attended by about sixty pastors and a number of deaconesses and active lay -workers, a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and take steps for organization. The organization was effected in the First Lutheran Church on November 11, 1913, and the new body took the name "The Inner Mission Society of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Balti- more City and Vicinity." Its purpose was to apply Christianity to those special needs that grow from life in a large city, to ex- tend the hand of love and merc}' to those whose particular spirit- ual wants are not provided for either by the individual congre- gations of the city or by the other Boards and agencies of the Church. The need revealed by a canvass of the situation proved so great and the avenues of usefulness opened so rapidlj' that the new So- ciety soon saw that the full time of a Superintendent would be required to carry on the work in adequate measure. Rev. Fred- erick W. Meyer was chosen and installed in the office October 12, 1914. At the same time the Synod officially endorsed the w^ork in cordial terms and promised cooperation in eveiy way possible. Now the work was broadened. In addition to the work as an information bureau and clearing house for Lutherans moving into the city, and in addition to the regular visitation of hos- pitals, houses of correction, and homes for the unfortunate, the Board of Directors began to plan a hospice for young ladies. This resulted in the purchase of the large house at 509 Park Avenue, a property valued at $42,000 which was converted into a comfortable Christian home for non-resident girls. Then America was drawn into the World War. Camp Meade was established only twenty miles from Baltimore. The call for a Lutheran Service House in Baltimore became imperative. In 1918 the beautiful home at 601 Cathedral Street, a central loca- tion, was purchased for $20,000, and the National Lutheran Com- mission paid one-third. This house became the headquarters of the Maryland Committee that conducted the two very successful drives among Lutherans of the state for welfare and reconstruc- tion funds. Throughout the period of the war and the time of demobilization the Inner Mission Society rendered splendid serv- ice to the men in uniform. When demobilization was completed the Service House was converted into a "Lutheran Home for 122 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Men," and as such it stands to-day, a credit to the Church whose name it bears. The purchase, equipment, and maintenance of these two large and beautiful homes has meant much sacrifice and much personal service on the part of the Lutherans of Baltimore and vicinity. The days of the Superintendent have been filled with deeds of compassion and love along many different lines. The laymen, the women of the churches, and the pastors have freely given of their time and their means. And the annual reports of the Su- perintendent show splendid results of the efforts. In fact, the rapid growth of the Inner Mission work in Baltimore, the large volume of service rendered, and the high degree of usefulness attained in these brief years of its history, constitute one of the most remarkable pages in the history of the Lutheran Church in that cit3". From the beginning the Maryland Synod has recognized the importance of this work and has supported it morally and finan- cially. Beginning with 1915 the Synod appropriated $.300 an- nually from its treasury to the, Inner Mission Society. In 1918 this appropriation was increased to $2,000. The Superintendent of the Society in turn has rendered to the Synod full accounts of the work of the Society and they appear on the minutes of the Synod. The first Superintendent, Kev. Frederick W. Meyer, resigned his office in 1918 in order to become a "Camp Pastor" in the war service. He was succeeded, March 1, 1919, by Rev. Harry D. Newcomer. Sister Zora Heckert is the House Mother. Mr. Carl M. Distler is president of the Society, Mr. Charles G. Reipe, sec- retary, and Mr. Frederick W. Kakel, treasurer. Special Lines of Benevolence. Ministerial Relief. As early as 1881 Dr. B. Kurtz and Dr. S. S. Schmucker persuaded the General Synod to begin a system of ministerial relief. Dr. Kurtz drafted the constitution for the management of the fund. The revenue was to be derived from the sale of hymn-books and catechisms. But this plan seems to have proved unsatisfactory, for in 1839 it was repealed and an entirel.y new organization known as the "Lutheran Pastors' Fund" was formed. This contemplated raising funds by volun- tary donations. The fund grew very slowly and in ten years amounted to little more than $1,300, nearly half of which had been donated by the "Book Company" in Baltimore. The plan was too complicated, hard to understand and harder to carry out, and it embodied some of the features of a mutual insurance so- MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 123 ciety. This plan also failed, and it was only within a generation past that the General Synod was able to evolve a satisfactory sys- tem of ministerial relief. Meanwhile the Maryland Synod on her own responsibility had for many years pursned a successful plan of ministerial relief. Its benefits were extended not only to members of the Synod her- self but to all Lutheran ministers and their dependents irrespec- tive of synodical territory. This organization also was known as the "Lutheran Pastors' Fund." It was chartered by the legisla- ture of Marjiand, and began with an endowment of over $2,800. It began in 1856. Dr. Joseph A. Seiss was chairman of the com- mittee that prepared the plan and chief of the incorporators. The working capital at first consisted of the $2,000 received by the S^uiod from the sale of the Lutheran Observer and the $804 donated by the stockholders of "the Book Company" when that institution was dissolved. By donations of individuals and offer- ings of congregations the invested capital was increased to more than $5,000. For thirty-three years, from 1859 to 1891, the business of the Fund was included in the Synod 's order of business. The appro- priations were made annually by the Synod and the benefactions extended to disabled or superannuated Lutheran ministers, and to the needy widows and dependent children of deceased Lu- theran ministers. More of the beneficiaries of the Fund were outside the bounds of the Maryland Synod than within. Beginning with 1886 the Synod annually supplemented the work of the Pastors' Fund b}' laying an apportionment of ten cents per communicant member for "Ministerial Sustentation. " But five years later it was reported that the entire assets of the Pastors' Fund had been lost by the defalcation of the treasurer, and at the same time it was resolved that the Sustentation Fund and all moneys in the synodical treasury for similar purposes should be forwarded to the treasurer of the Pastor's Fund So- ciety of the General Synod. Thus after many thousands of dol- lars had been administered through the Lutheran Pastors' Fund of the Synod, ministering to the dire necessities of many an am- bassador of Christ, relieving the wants of many a widow and fur- nishing sustenance to many an orphan, that benevolent institu- tion passed out of existence and the Marjdand Synod devoted all of her relief funds to the work of the general bod}'. Lutheran Ministers' Insurance League. Related to the work of ministerial relief was the work of the Insurance League or- ganized in 1870 at the behest of Dr. John G. Morris. This was not a synodical organization but was fostered chiefl}^ by the min- 124 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. isters of tlie Synod. It was incorporated in the courts of Balti- more and the charter members were Drs. Morris, McCrou, Strobel, Stork, and Hennighausen. The object of the organization was "the exercise of mutual be- nevolence and the mutual insurance of relief to the families of its deceased members." The rules were few and the plan was very simple : when any member of the League died his widow or family received two dollars from every remaining member of the League. There were no salaried officers, no invested funds, and almost no possibility of defalcation. The meetings of the League were always held in connection with the convention of the Maryland Synod. The first and only president of the League was Dr. Morris. The first secretary was Dr. Sadtler and then after two years Dr. Hennighausen. The Church papers gave hearty support to the movement and the number of members increased until it nearly reached five hun- dred. In 1879 the secretary reported that the average aid given to the families of departed members was $843. Small though this amount may seem, it nevertheless came to many of them as a great help, rescuing them from dependent poverty, enabling some of them to open small stores, purchase a small house in the country, pay debts and funeral expenses, clothe their children, or lay in a stock of winter fuel and provisions. But this benevolent institution, from some unaccountable rea- son, encountered severe opposition. The criticism was carried into the Church papers. This persecution of the League, together with the advancing age of its members and the frequency of deaths and consequent frequency of dues, tended to weaken the League in its membership and in its appeal. After 1885 the membership began to decrease. Much credit is due to Dr. Hen- nighausen for sustaining the League through its perils. But in 1895 when the president, Dr. Morris, passed away and when the membership had dwindled to twent.y-four, with no hope of re- juvenation, the League also passed away and by common consent the organization quietly dissolved. During its brief life of only a quarter of a century the Luther- an Ministers' Insurance League had distributed among need}^ widows and orphans more than $80,000. Work Among Freedmen. Another special line of benevolence, prosecuted by the Synod and worth of mention, is the work among the colored people in our own country. Already in 1824, when the Synod was but four years old, she began to sense the negro problem in our country. Dr. D. F. Schaetjfer was then president of the S^^nod. He was also first MISSIONS : HOME, FOREIGN, AND INNER. 125 vice-president of tlie Frederick County Auxiliary Colonization Society. Dr. Schaeffer called the formal attention of the Synod to the subject of colonizing our colored people on the coast of Africa. Then the Synod adopted a lengthy preamble and two resolutions. The preamble affirms that the Synod ''conceive it a duty to express their opinion upon any subject of importance to their brethren in the faith, when such expression may promise to be useful" and then argues the case for colonization, to the effect that it "affords the only prospect of saving our country from the horrors of future internal wars and bloodshed." The first reso- lution reads, ''That this s^-nod highly approve of the plan for colonizing our free people of color on the coast of Africa, and that the American Colonization Society merits the most cordial support of the patriot, of the philanthropist, and the Christian. ' ' Only once after that did the Synod as such touch on the ques- tion. It was in 1834 when it was resolved "That we highly ap- prove of the views and operations of the Maryland Colonization Society, and cordially recommend its claims to all our ministers and churches. ' ' During the Civil War the question of slavery seems to have been scrupulously avoided by this Synod of the border state. But on the question of preserving the Union the Synod gave no uncertain sound. At Baltimore in 1864 she adopted unanimously a ringing resolution of lo,yalty, asserting among other things that "whilst we do not think it permitted to the ambassadors of Christ, whose kingdom is not of this world, to introduce into the exercises of the Sanctuary matters purel.y political, involving no moral issues, yet we do regard it, not only as right but the bounden dut}" of our Ministers to pray for the preservation of the national existence against a rebellion destructive in its aims at once of the life, the freedom and the honor of our great and good Government, and by both word and deed, as far as is consistent with their spiritual calling, to uphold and defend it. ' ' But after' the reconstruction period was over and when the necessity for educating and training the emancipated negro be- came clear, the Synod began to busy herself with the problem. For several years the Education Committee, of which Dr. John G. Butler, of Washington, was chairman, aided a few Lutheran students at Howard T^niversity in AVashington. In 1883 a stand- ing committee was ap]iointed on "Education and Mission Work Among Freedmen." Dr. Butler was made chairman of the com- mittee as he was then teaching in the theological department of Howard University. At the next meeting of the Synod the com- mittee reported that they had issued a circular in the interest 326 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. of tlie work and that the}' had aided at Howard University five candidates for the Lutheran ministry. One of these was Daniel E. Wiseman, a native of West India and a member of St. Mat- thew's Church of Brooklyn, New York. Mr. Wiseman had just graduated from the theological department of the University and had presented himself for license at that session of the Synod. Licensed in 1884 he began that mission work among his own peo- ple in Washington which has flourished so splendidly under his hand. In 1885 another student was added to the list of beneficiaries preparing for work among freedmen, and the next year another. Most of these men began their mission in North Carolina. But the Maryland Synod continued the work for five years, during which time the committee spent more than $1,300 and aided seven men in preparing for the Lutheran ministry. Meanwhile the North Carolina Synod had become impressed with the importance of this kind of work and had begun to train colored ministers and educate candidates for the Lutheran min- istr}' among freedmen. And as North Carolina clearly ofl'ered a better field fon that kind of work than the territor^^ of the Marjdand Synod, it was decided gradually to withdraw from this line of benevolence and leave it entirely to the Southern synods. The last reference to the matter occurs in 1889 when the Mary- land Synod promises the North Carolina Synod "to second their efforts from time to time. ' ' Deaconesses and Ageel. Much might be said also about the part the Maryland Sj^nod has played, as a body and through in- dividual members, in erecting the Deaconess Mother-House at Baltimore and the National Lutheran Home for the Aged at Washington. These edifices are veritable ornaments to the Lu- theran Church of our country, and both the erection of the build- ings and the direction of the work done in them, owe much to the liberality, enterprise, and energ,y of Maryland Synod laymen and clergymen. But after specifying these outstanding characteristics of the benevolence of the Maryland Synod we leaf over the pages of her life-story and we realize that after all, her greatest work has been done through her consistent and loyal support, moral and finan- cial, of all the benevolent agencies of the Church at large consti- tuted by the general bodv and desisiied to promote the giorv of God. CHAPTER VI rr. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND LITERARY PRODr(TS Education. More than in an^- other line of activity the Maryland Synod has ]iromoted the educational interests of the Church. Several of her founders, as we have seen, were men of broad training;, nearl}' all of them were young and active and highly hopeful for the future of the Lutheran Church, and from the earliest period of her history the Synod has had among her membership an un- usual number of men who were zealous in advancing the cause of higlier education among Lutherans. This exceptional interest of the S3niod in promoting higher education was frequently noted by the General Synod and by other district synods. Not only did she foster the cause among her own people and establish in- stitutions on her own territory but she also took the initiative in founding more general institutions, colleges and seminaries, and in inaugurating the general educational movement in the Church. And she has furnished an extraordinary number of founders and principals, of presidents and professors for the colleges and semi- naries of the Church. The first move of the Synod along educational lines was made at the instance of Dr. S. S. Schmucker. It came at the third meeting of the body in 1822. Dr. Schmucker had been ordained by the Synod in 1821. Already at that meeting the Synod placed a catechist and theological student, Mr. Kibler, under his tuition. Young Schmucker 's talents and learning pointed him out as a teacher. He had been a student at the University of Pennsyl- vania, had studied theology under Dr. Helmuth, and as there was no Lutheran Seminary in America had finished his studies at Princeton. Before going to Princeton he had taught in the York County Academy, and when he took up his pastorate at New Market he established in the parsonage there a pro-seminary for ministerial candidates. He was therefore well equipped for the work of teaching and favorably disposed toM^ards it, and he was seriously concerned for the training of the Lutheran min- isters of our land. Accordingly, as early as 1822 he proposed that the Synod consider "the expediency of providing funds for the purchase of books to aid indigent students in acquiring 127 128 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. knowledge." And to prove the project practicable he exhibited forty-two dollars that he had already received for that purpose. The Synod approved the idea and appointed the President and Mr. Schmucker a committee to receive and apply the funds. This was only a beginning. A much larger project was under contemplation by several members of the Synod. This was noth- ing less than the establishment of a Theological Seminary to serve the entire Lutheran Church of America. In that day there was no Lutheran Theological Seminary in this country except Hartwick, which was far off and poorly organized. Candidates for the Lutheran ministry were under the necessity of attending the theological seminaries of other denominations or else content- ing themselves with such private instructions as eminent pastors could tind time to give them. For many years Dr. D. F. Schaefl'er had instructed theological candidates in Frederick in connection with his work as preacher and pastor. The Gettijshurg Seminarij. The need for a general theological seminary was keenly felt and the first General Synod, meeting in Hagerstown in 1820, had appointed a committee to draft a plan for founding such a school. But the committee had reported in 1821 that they could not formulate a feasible plan, and the enter- prise was virtually abandoned. Tt was by the Synod of Mary- land and Virginia that the subject was revived. Tn 1823 the min- isters of that .young sjmod held monthly conferences, and at these meetings the expediency of establishing a seminary was fre- quently discussed. Much correspondence on the subject was car- ried on. Several plans were suggested but none was adopted. The next year the subject was carried beyond the bounds of private conference and brought into public notice. This impor- tant step was taken by Dr. S. S. Schmucker. In a sermon preached before the Synod at Middletown in 1824 Dr. Schmucker described the work of the private theological seminary he had opened at New Market and recommended the enlargement of that school into a general institution of the Church. This called forth a number of suggestions on the sub- ject but no definite action was taken until the next meeting of the Synod at Hagerstown in 1825 when S. S. Schmucker, C. P. Krauth, and B. Kurtz were appointed a committee "to report a plan for the immediate organization of a theological seminary." The plan, drawn up by Schmucker, was presented and adopted the same day the committee was appointed. It outlined the method of founding and maintaining the seminary but provided that the school must "be patronized by the General Synod and be officiall}'^ put into operation by that body. ' ' EDUCATIONAT. ACTIVITY AND IJTERARY PRODUCTS. 129 The General Synod at its next meeting: adopted the plan pro- posed b.y the Synod of Maryland and Virg:inia, appointed the time for the opening- of the seminary, elected Dr. Schmncker the professor, chose a Board of Directors, opened a book of subscrip- tions for the cause, selected agents to canvass the Church in this country, and appointed Dr. Kurtz to go to Europe to secure books for the library and funds for the endowment. Four months later, March 2, 1826, the Directors met at Hagerstown to deter- mine the location of the seminary. They considered two towns in Maryland (Hagerstown and Frederick) and three in Pennsyl- vania (Carlisle, Chambersburg-, and Gettysburg). Chietly be- cause Gettysburg was regarded as more centrally located for the Lutheran Church as a whole than any of the other places, the seminary was located there, just six miles north of the territory of the Maryland Synod. In 1892 when the subject of removing the seminai-y from Gettysburg to some large city was being seri- ously considered the Maryland Synod declared herself emphat- ically in favor of removing to Washington. Thus the child of the Synod would have come back home. But the seminary was too deeply planted at Gettysburg to be uprooted and trans- planted. The seminary was located within the bounds of the West Penn- sylvania Synod but was identified with the whole Church. It opened its classes with ten students, one-half of whom were from Maryland. It began its work on September 5, 1826, and the rec- ord of its service to the Church and its long line of distinguished graduates, belongs to the history of the Lutlieran Church rather than the history of the Maryland Synod. Suffice it to say here that the seminary has at all times had the wholehearted support of the Synod within whose bounds it was conceived. Right loy- ally the Maryland Synod has contributed of her best to the semi- nary, to its faculty, to its student body, to its treasury, to its li- brary, and to its Board of Directors. Of the five presidents of the seminary three (Schmncker, Valentine, and Stork) came to Gettysburg directly from the Maryland Synod, and a fourth (Brown) had been licensed and ordained by the Maryland Synod and for three years had been iiastor of one of her churches in Baltimore. Of the eighteen professors who have served the semi- nary seven (Schmncker, Haj', Valentine, Wolf, Stork, Kuhlman, and Wentz), aggregating one hundred and forty-three years of service, came to Gettysburg directly from the Maryland Synod, and four others (Krauth, Brown, Schaeifer, and Clutz), with an aggregate of fifty-four years of service, had been prominently identified with the life of the Synod as pastors of her churches. The other seven professors have rendered eighty-nine years of 9 1;U) HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. service. Moreover, the cordial and energetic support of tlie semi- iiar\' through nearly seventy years by J. G. Morris, as a student, as a member of the Board of Directors, and as a lecturer to the student body, must, be noted as a distinct contribution of the Synod to the life of the institution. From the time that Dr. Kurtz returned from Europe with $10,000 for the endowment of the seminary and six thousand volumes for the library, the Synod has always been ready to con- tribute to funds to the support of the institution, through indi- viduals, through congregations and through the synodical treas- ury. But the most notable undertaking along this line is the Synod's project of raising a Centennial Jubilee Fund of $50,000 to endow a "Maryland Synod Professorship" for the seminary. PennsjjlvaHia College. The college at Gettysburg grew out of the necessity of preparing men for the seminary. Its chief founder was Dr. Schmucker. Shortly after taking charge of the seminary in 1826 Dr. Schmucker established a classical school at Gettysburg. In 1829 a scientific department was added and it was called the Gettysburg Gymnasium. This was in charge of the Jacobs brothers, who had been brought up in Jacobs Church of the Maryland Syiiod. In 1831, after David Jacobs had died. Rev. H. L. Baugher was called from the Maryland Synod to take charge of the classical department of the gymnasium. The next year Schmucker with the assistance of Baugher and Michael Jacobs changed the gymnasium into a college, obtained a charter from the Pennsylvania legislature and organized the new institu- tion under the title of Pennsylvania College of Gettysburg. For two years, until better arrangements could be made. Dr. Schmucker presided over both the college and the seminary. Dr. J. G. Morris was secretary of the first Board of Trustees, and of the twenty-five men constituting the incorporators in 1832, a majority were members of the Marjdand Synod either at that time or before that time. Charles Philip Krauth, who had been one of the founders of the Maryland Synod in 1820 and her president in 1826, became the tirst regular president of the col- lege in 1834 and for one-third of a century was identified with the life of the institutions at Gettysburg. Of the seven men who have presided over the college in the course of her history five (Schmucker, Baugher, Valentine, McKnight, and Hefelbower,) came to Gettysburg directly from th(> Maryland Syiiod and one (Krauth) indirectly after a six years' pastorate in Philadelphia. The Synod has always acknowledged the claims of the college, has annually appointed a committee to report on its catalogue, has heard its representatives in her conventions, and has gener- I^DUCATIONAI. ACTIVITY AND LITERARY PRODUCTS. 131 ously welcomed its agents to her pulpits and to her congregatioiis. But it is interesting- to note the several efforts that have been made by the Synod as a whole to help in the financial maintenance of the college. In 1854 the Board of Trustees pr()]ios(>d to the Maryland S^^nod that they would educate all her beneficiaries gratuitously and forever in the college, provided the Synod would collect and pay into the treasury of the college the sum of $10,- 000. The Synod considered the proposal for a year, then de- cided to accept it and appointed a committee to carry out its provisions. But just then the Synod became so absorbed in other matters that the committee never reported and the remarkable offer was forfeited. Ten years later when a special effort was launched to complete the endowment of the college a formidable synodical committee of ten clergymen and seven laymen was ap- pointed to go to Harrisburg to participate in a convention for the purpose, and the committee was instructed to withstand any ef- fort to remove the college from Gettysburg. After another ten years the Synod heartily endorsed the project of securing one hundred thousand dollars additional endowment for tlie college and undertook to raise through the endowment committee of the college at least one-fourth of that amount. Beneficiarij Editcatioii. For a round score of years the Mary- land Synod fostered tlie cause of education through a synodical education society. Tiiis was organized in 1828. At first this organization was combined with the home missionary society. The work of ministering to the spiritual wants of the unchurched was identical Avith the work of securing and training more men for the ministry. The name of the combined orsi'anization formed in 1828 was "The Parent Domestic Missionary and Education Society. ' ' It was the first synodical organization of that kind in this country. One of the expressed objects of the society- was ''to assist pious indigent students for the ministry.'' The society received substantial cooperation from individuals and congregations throughout the Synod. Several auxiliary so- cieties were formed in the larger congregations. Scholarships were established. The ladies of the churches, particularly those at Hagerstown, Baltimore, and Taneytown, manifested great zeal in preparing articles of needle-work to be sold for the benefit of the organization. The result was that already in 1829 the so- ciety was able to assume the support of four "pious and promis- ing young men" at Gettysburg. These were Samuel Rothrock and -Jesse A'^ogler of North Carolina, and Francis Springer and Abraham Shunian from the Synod's own territory. In 1832 the society was aiding five students for the ministry and thereafter 132 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. two each yoai- until 1835. The funds were secured by individual subscriptions and through auxiliary societies, but several times the synodieal treasury was drawn on, as in 1834 for $75 and in 1835 for $50. The minutes of the society were regularly printed with those of the Synod. In 1834 the missionary cause was sepa- rated from that of education and we have "The Missionary' So- ciety of the Maryland Synod" and "The Education Society of the Maryland Synod. ' ' "When the General Synod took up the cause of education in 1835 it was at the suggestion and instigation of the delegates from the Maryland Synod. "The Parent Education Society of the Evangelical Lutheran Church" was organized at York, Pennsyl- vania, immediately after the adjournment of the General Synod in 1835. Dr. Benjamin Kurtz of Baltimore was chairman of the meeting that organized the society. He was appointed chairman of the committee that drafted the constitution for the organiza- tion, and he was elected the first president of the body. Dr. H. L. Baugher was elected secretary. In these offices Dr. Kurtz and Dr. Baugher, both of them members of the Maryland Synod, di- rected the splendid work of the Parent Education Society for more than twenty-seven years. In fact the Maryland Synod seems to have been regarded by the other synods as the special sponsor for the Parent Education Society, for in 1842 when the Synod of South Carolina had some complaints to register and some questions to ask concerning the practice of the society they addressed themselves to the Maryland Synod on the subject and from that source received information and satisfaction. Immediatel.y upon the organization of the Parent Society of the General Synod the Maryland Synod's Education Society de- clared itself auxiliary to the Parent Society and transferred its funds and beneficiaries to the general organization. For several years after that the synodieal society had a mere nominal exist- ence. But in 1838 a new constitution was adopted and this re- vived the arrangement by wdiich the synodieal society supported beneficiaries on its own account. Thus in 1844 we find the Edu- cation Society of the Mar.yland Synod aiding thirteen benefici- aries with one hundred dollars each and pledging $1,465 to the cause for the following year besides helping the Parent Society to support forty-four beneficiaries in that biennium. However, under the increased independent activity of synod- ieal societies the w^ork of the Parent Societ}' languished and in 1848 Dr. Baugher as secretary of the Parent Society addressed a communication to the Maryland Synod setting forth "the pro- priety of dissolving the synodieal Educational Society and again EDUCATIONAI, ACTIVITY AND LITERARY PRODUCTS. 133 iniitino- with the Parent Ecliieatioii Society" in supporting- bene- ficiaries. Tliis appeal met a favorable response, the synodieal society was dissolved, and forthwith the Maryland Synod herself made beneficiary education a part of her regular order of busi- ness at each annual session. So it continues to the present. Be- ginning with 1849 the Synod has had a special committee on edu- cation, and this through its annual reports has always kept the subject before the eyes of that body. For many years the com- mittee was known as the Beneficiary Education Committee; to- day it is called the Committee on Ministerial Education. After the committee had been organized about six years it began to undertake the support of designated students assigned to it by the Parent Education Society. This led directly to the practice of having the Synod support the ministerial students from her own territory and transmitting anj- surplus education funds to the general society. As the number of beneficiaries from, the Synod's own territory increased the demands on the treasury became so great that the synodieal support of the Par- ent Society was withdrawn. The beneficiary work of other dis- trict synods took a similar course and the Parent Education So- ciety has long since been left with nothing but twelve scholar- ships yielding thirty dollars each, while the committee of the Maryland S^nod alone disburses several thousand dollars an- inudly. The Synod has several times been called on to aid in educating ministerial candidates from beyond her own bounds. Thus for several years beginning in 1880 substantial aid was sent to the Synods of Virginia and South-West Virginia. For about eight years, 1880-1888, hundreds of dollars were appropriated annually for the aid of Lutheran colored students at Howard University, nearly all of whom belonged to the North Carolina Synod. From ]906 to 1915 one hundred dollars was sent annually to Breklum Seminary in Germany. Until the West Mrginia Synod was able to organize its work of beneficiary education the Maryland Synod supported her students for the ministry. And in 1917, at the urgent request of the West Pennsylvania Synod, the Maryland Synod undertook the support for three years of four of her men in the seminary at Gettysburg, and this has involved the expendi- ture of more than two thousand dollars. Altogether the Synod has been supporting needy ministerial students for sixty-four years and in that time has spent for the immediate purpose of beneficiary education the astounding sum of $115,087.99. In the earl}' days the annual conventions of the s^'uodical Edu- cation Societ}' and more recently the annual reports of the Min- 13-4: HISTORY OF MARYIiAND SYNOD. isterial Education Committee have t'uriiished th(> occasion for eloquent pleas for men to eiiter the ministry, and it would be im- possible to estimate how many men have been infiueuced either directly or indirectly throu'athered from the title which reads: ''The Evan- gelical Lutheran IntelUgencfr, containinj)' historical, biograph- ical, and religious memoirs : with essays on the doctrines of Lu- ther : and practical remarks and anecdotes for the edification of pious persons of all denominations. Edited by a Committee of Clergymen, appointed by the Synod of Maryland and Virginia." The introductory address sketches the plan of the periodical and says among other things : "Though it will never be our ambition to appear in the con- troversial attitude, yet we shall feel ourselves sacredly pledged, whenever circumstances ma}' require it, "to contend for the faith once delivered to the saints." The necessity of assuming such a character, a character not congenial with our feelings, will be followed hy a vindication of those articles that are contained in the creeds, confessions of the Lutheran Church We shall be disposed to direct our polemic artillery, mainly, against the enemies of the Cross, those disguised advocates of revelation who would despoil it of its glory. For Socinianism in every form, we have but one feeling, and it is of abhorence Our Church, numbering at ])resent in her ministerial rank upwards of two hundred, and reduced into one thousand organized com- munities, recently bound together in a general synod and at this moment putting forth her strength for the establishment of a Theological Seminary in which her pious youth are to be trained for the office that "preaches the atonement" will furnish every day occurrences with which our pages will be enriched, and our friends edified. ' ' These principles were adhered to and through the five years of its existence the Intelligencer was a most interesting repository of the incidents and documents of contemporaneous history. In 1827 Dr. Krauth removed from the Synod and the full burden of the editorship devolved upon Dr. Schaeffer. Though the ac- tive pastor of a large parish and the instructor of theological candidates. Dr. Schaeffer gave much time to the work of his periodical. He received no compensation except the repeated thanks of the Synod and the warm commendation of his journal. The Intelligencer was not highly valued during the last few years of its life. It failed of general support and so in February, 1831, the last number was issued and the paper was "discon- tinued for want of support, notwithstanding the pledges that had been given to the editor. ' ' At the close of its career tlie mag- EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND I/ITERARY PRODUCTS. 141 aziiie had less than five hundred sul)scribers and more than ^SOi) of debt. The debt was assumed by the Synod. The IiitcUigeiiccr was a sturdy pioneer and had performed good service. Its chief merit lies in the fact that it pointed the way for more popular periodicals in the English tongue. The Lutheran Observer. The next undertaking in English periodical literature for the Lutheran Church was the Ohserver. This began just six months after the Intelligencer was discon- tinued, and it was reg:arded by the Synod as the agent that would "carry on the operations commenced by the Intelligencer." But the Ohserver in the beginning was not so strictly a synodical un- dertaking as the Intelligencer had been. It was originally intended that the Ohserver should be pub- lished at Gettysburg and edited by Drs. Schmucker and Plazelius. The prospectus was issued at Gettysburg over the names of the two professors, but before the first number appeared the enter- prise was transferred to Baltimore. The reason for this transfer is given by Dr. Morris thus: "In those days of extreme unde- nominational liberality it was feared that a paper issued at Get- tysburg-, with the name Lutheran as significant of its character, would give offence to the Presbyterians in that place, and hence it was brought to Baltimore, where no such apprehension ex- isted. ' ' But in the first number of the paper it is explained that the precarious state of Dr. Schmucker 's health and the conse- quent increase in the duties devolving on Dr. Hazelius made it necessary to seek another editor and therefore a different place of publication. At any rate, the paper came to be issued from the territory of the Maryland Synod, a Maryland Synod man be- came the first editor, and for more than thirty-five years the edi- torial berth was occupied by pastors of the Maryland Synod. Dr. J. G. Morris was the first editor of the Ohserver and under his wise direction for two years it made its way into large use- fulness and wide popularity. When the editorial work became too burdensome for Dr. Morris in connection with his duties as pastor of the First Lutheran Church of Baltimore he persuaded Dr. Benjamin Kurtz to come to Baltimore and take charge of the paper. And Dr. Kurtz, one of the founders of the Maryland Synod and prominently identified with all her work for more than a g^eneration, continued to be the editor of the Ohserver for nearly thirty years. Under Dr. Kurtz's management the paper grew. From a struggling semi-monthly with a subscription list of seven or eight hundred it became a large and handsome weekly rejoicing in a 142 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. subscription list of over seven thousand. Several times during this period the Synod officially encouraged the paper and urged her members "to use their utmost exertions to extend its circu- lation. ' ' But Dr. Kurtz did not conduct the paper in the spirit in which Dr. Morris had begun it. He made it a medium for the flaming advocacy of the "new measures" movement and "American Lu- theranism. " Consequently in course of time other periodicals were established to present the more conservative Lutheran po- sitions. The first of these was the Missionary, begun by Dr. Pas- savant in Pittsburgh in 1848. But for seventeen years the Lu- theran Observer in Baltimore was alone in the field of English Lutheran weeklies. For a short while the Maryland Synod legally owned the Ob- server. In 1840 the Lutheran Book Company had been organ- ized in Baltimore with Dr. Kurtz as superintendent. To this company Dr. Kurtz donated the Observer with all its assets. In 1852 the book company proposed to transfer the Observer to the Synod, because it was thought better for the C-hurch at large that a Synod should have charge of the paper and receive the revenues arising from its publication, and the Maryland Synod was the only one that was incorporated at that time. The Synod accepted the offer and at a special session of the body in March, 1853, legally received the paper together with net assets esti- mated at about five thousand dollars. The only conditions at- tached to the transfer were that the Synod should continue Dr. Kurtz as editor of the paper and that the proceeds of the publi- cation should be devoted to "benevolent, religious and literary purposes. ' ' Thus the Synod came to own the Observer. An elaborate set of principles was adopted for the management of the paper. The main import of these principles was that the paper should con- tinue to be sacredly devoted "to the general interests and wants of the Church at large." But the Synod at once abandoned the idea of making the paper a source of financial gain and the sub- scription price was greatly reduced. Accordingly it soon became evident that the main purpos3 of purchasing the paper would not be realized and that there would bo no profits for distribution to benevolent purposes, and in 1854 it v.'as decided to offer the paper for sale. Two bids were received, one from Dr. Kurtz and one from Dr. Passavant. The bid of Dr. Kurtz, though somewhat lower than that of Dr. Passavant, the Synod accepted rather than see the paper removed from her territory. The two thousand dollars which the Svnod realized from the EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND LITERARY PRODUCTS. 143 sale of the Observer was used to establish a "Pastors' Fund" as we have seen. In January, 1856, less than a month after Dr. Kurtz had bought the paper from the Synod, he sold it on the same terms to F. R. Anspaeh, George Diehl, and T. Newton Kurtz. Six years later Dr. Kurtz ceased to be connected with the paper and Dr. F. W. Conrad became joint owner and editor. At the meeting of the General Sjaiod in 1866 Diehl and Conrad presented the (luestion of the General Synod's ownership of the paper, and on recommendation of the General Synod the "Lu- theran Observer Association" was formed of Lutheran clergy- men and la.ymen. This was a stock company with capital stock valued at .1?10,000 held by more than fifty persons. Thereupon the Observer ceased to be the special interest of the Maryland Synod and became the advocate of the General Synod, and in 1867 the paper was moved from Baltimore to Philadelphia. Lutheran Church Work. The first official periodical publica- tion of the General Syjiod was the monthly called Lutheran Church Work. This began in January, 1908. All three members of the Editorial Committee were members of the Maryland Synod, Drs. Dunbar, Studebaker and Albert. This paper was nuiinly an official presentation of the work of the various boards and committees of the General Synod. It continued to be pub- lished for four years, when it was merged in the new-born weekly published by the General Synod. It was at the meeting of the General Synod in Washington in 1911 that the action was taken to establish an official weekly. A standing committee of four clergymen and three laymen was ap- pointed to launch the paper ynd supervise its publication. Three of the four clergymen were members of the Maryland Synod. Dr. W. H. Dunbar of Baltimore was chairman of the entire com- mittee. Dr. J. C. Bowers, at that time president of the Maryland Synod, and Dr. J. S. Simon of Hagerstown, were also members of the committee. Under the supervision and editorial manage- ment of this committee the new paper started its career in March, 1912. It was known as the Lutheran Church Work, absorbing the monthly magazine by that name and the Ljutheran World, and it soon commended itself to its constituency. Two years later, after the paper had been thorougldy established, the com- mittee of the General Synod selected Dr. F. G. Gotwald to be the editor and manager, and the (editorial headquarters were removed from Baltimore to York. Besides these periodicals in whose history the Maryland Synod or her pastors figured so largely, the Synod frequently called at- 144 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. teiitioii to otlier publications and eonnncndcd tlicni to her mem- bership. Such was The Evangelical Lutheran Preacher and f*as- foral Messemjer, a publication presenting a series of Lutheran sermons, issued by Rev. Lewis Eichelberger at Winchester, Vir- ginia, and receiving tlie public notice of the Synod first in 18.33. Such also were Weyl's Hirtenstimme, Reynold's Evangelical Re- view, and the Lutheran Quarterly. In 1871 the Synod donated one hundred dollars to help pay the debt on the General Synod 's German paper, the Kirch en freuncl. Lutheran Tract Societij. As early as 1832 the Synod formed a Lutheran Tract Society whose object was "the publication of doctrinal and practical tracts for distribution in the Lutheran Church. ' ' This was regarded as essential in ' ' preserving genuine evangelical Lutheranism." The officers of the society were Drs. Kurtz and Morris. But the laudable purpose did not meet with general favor and in a few years the society was dissolved. Lutheran Book Company. Until the Lutheran Publication So- ciety was organized to serve the interests of the Church at large, the Maryland Synod interested herself in the production of books that would be useful in her churches. In 1830 she recommended to the General Synod the translation of Arndt's ''True Chris- tianity" from the German. This translation was produced by Rev. J. N. Hoffman, one of the Synod's own members, and was completed in 1833. For several years beginning in 1836 the Synod had a committee charged with the duty of producing a book on baptism. The work finally appeared in 1840. It came from the pen of Dr. B. Kurtz and received very high approba- tion. In 1839 the Synod issued a call for a work of not more than two hundred pages that would comprise the following parts : (]) A historical sketch of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Europe and America; (2) the first five parts and the seventh and eighth parts of Luther's smaller catechism, published by the General Synod; (3) the Augsburg Confession; (4) the Formula for the government and discipline of the Evangelical Lutheran Church; (5) a collection of hymns suitable for catechetical lec- tures. These specifications are interesting as showing what needs the Synod felt, but the work was never produced. As men came to see more clearly the need for specific books in English that would minister to the Lutheran pastor and his con- gregation, the suggestion was made that a Lutheran ''Book Establishment" be organized to produce such books. The sug- gestion was laid before the Synod in 1836 by Dr. Kurtz, editor of EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND LITERARY PRODUCTS. 145 the Observer. The Synod endorsed the project very enthusiastic- ally and pledged most cheerful eooppration. Accordingiy the Lu- theran Book Company, as it was called, was organized in Balti- more in 1840 with a capital of $8,000. It was a stock company and the Synod at once purchased ten shares of the stock. Dr. Kurtz was chosen the superintendent of the company, with a yearly salary of $1,200. The book company continued thirteen years and proved itself very useful. Books, pamphlets, and periodicals were printed, from which a revenue of $9,000 was derived. This was con- tributed to the religious and benevolent oi)erations of the Chureh. To this organization Dr. Kurtz donated the Observer establish- ment and when in 185:3 the Maryland Synod purchased the Ob- server the book company redeemed all its stock and went into dissolution. It is worthy of mention that for nearly a third of a century the Maryland Synod has furnished the editors of the Augsburg Sunday school literature in the persons of Dr. Charles S. Albert and Dr. Charles P. Wiles. In these many and varied forms has the Maryland Synod con- tributed to the educational and literary work of the Lutheran Chureh. Through the Synod as a whole, through individuals among her membership, through groups and organizations and institutions within her bounds, through suggestion to the General Synod, in college and in seminary, in popular religious period- ical and in stately theological voluine, at home and abroad, for men and for women, she has distinguished herself by her constant fidelity to the didactic mission of the Church. 10 "Built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the chief corner stone." — Ephesians 2:20. "The Lord is good; his mercy is everlast- ing; and his truth endureth to all genera- tions." — Psalm 100: 5. CHAPTER IX. DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. Doctrinal. The confessional history of the Maryland Synod is a faithful reflection of the confessional history of the General Synod. A recent historian has referred to the Maryland Synod as "always prominent and liberal." This summary characterization, in its reflection on the orthodoxy of the Synod, shows a lack of histor- ical perspective. It is true that for a number of years the Mary- land Synod contained ardent advocates of the "new measures," but it must not be overlooked that at the same time she contained eminent "symbolists" and ardent advocates of "conservative" measures. And in this the Synod was only a miniature of the General Synod and of the Lutheran Church at large. It was just because the Maryland Synod Avas "always prominent" and embraced such a large number of representative men, that she pictured so accurately the doctrinal status of the Church in gen- eral. Moreover, it must be remembered that throughout the period of confessional agitation, in the Church and in the Synod the conservative element in the Synod was stronger than the radical element and made it impossible for them to carry any extreme measure. Repeatedly liberal and nn-Lutheran measures were proposed in tlie Synod but always firmly rejected. For these pro- posals the S.ynod as such cannot fairly be held accountable. Herein also the history of the Synod parallels that of the Gen- eral Synod. The story of the doctrinal development both of the district Synod of Maryland and of the General Synod, as indi- cated by their authoritative deliverances rather than the views of certain individuals or groups within them, is one of steady progress to the firm positions of the present day. At many points along the line of development the Maryland Synod was farther along the road of conservation than some other synods later dis- tinguished for their conservative positions. The comparative isolation of the Maryland Synod from other general bodies an- tagonizing the General Synod and her comparative freedom from friction with other synods on the same territory, permitted unin- termittent growth and development along doctrinal lines. 147 148 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. It is not claimed that the Maryland Synod was from the be- ginning doetrinally complete or confessionally sound when judged by the confessional standards of the United TAitheran Church of to-day. Under such standards no synod was sound in 1820. The religious life of the country and the status of confes- sional thought at the time made such a thing virtually impossi- ble. It is only claimed that the Maryland Sjaiod reflects with a higli degree of faithfulness the general movement of the Luther- an (*hurch along confessional lines. This was a forward move- ment, attended it is true by agitation and sometimes disturb- ances, but marked by successive stages of progress. In this pro- gressive movement of conservation within the General Synod the Maryland Synod was always one of the leaders. When the General Synod was formed in 1820 its constitution made no mention of the Confessions of the Lutheran Church. But neither did any of the constituent synods recognize the Lu- theran symbols. The Church had receded from the confessional position of Muhlenberg. In 1792 the Pennsylvania Ministerium had adopted a new constitution, omitting all reference even to the Augsburg Confession. The other synods as they were organ- ized had followed this pattern. It was a time of great confes- sional laxity and, except in the little Synod of Tennessee with three Henkels and three otlier ministers, there was the greatest neglect of the Lutheran Confession. T\u>, expressed itself either in rationalism or unionism. But in spite of the adverse spirit of the times the General Synod soon found its way to the saving recognition of the Confessions. In this process the Maryland Synod had a leading part. When the Maryland Synod was organized in 1820, her consti- tution, like those of other synods at that time, contained no men- tion of the Augsburg Confession. But with the advent of S. S. Schmucker to the ranks of her ministers in 1821 a confessional element was injected into the body. It was young Schmucker 's conviction, clearly- expressed in a letter to his father Avhile he was 5^et a student at Princeton, ' ' that the Augsburg Confession should again be brouglit up out of the dust, and everyone must subscribe to the twenty-one articles, and declare before God, by his sub- scription, that it corresponds with the Bible, not qunntaiii, but quia.'" On this conviction Dr. Schmucker acted more than once in the Maryland Syiiod. x^lready in 1824 when the Tennessee Synod addressed a memorial to the Maryland Synod asking for certain information concerning the General Synod, Schnmcker and Abraham Keck were appointed to draft a reply. The reply was DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 149 framed by Sehmiiekor and says amoiio' other things: "The un- altered Augsburg' Confession is the only Confession whieh this Synod receive, or which has been received by our Church in this country ; and the General Synod has no power to make any al- terations in the doctrines hitherto received in our Church. As to the excommunication of sucli brethren as might abandon some of the views of the Augsburg Confession, all the General Synod can do is, if they should observe any such deviation, to give their advice to the individual sj^nod, and the nature of the advice which they would give is best expressed in their own words 'that a man that is an heretic, -who denies a fundamental doctrine, a doctrine essential to the Christian scheme, we are bound after the first and second admonition to reject. ' ' ' This statement was adopted by the Synod and it is significant as indicating not only the growing confessional consciousness of the Maryland Synod but also that Synod's conviction that the General Synod's constitution irirplicd the acceptance of the Augs- burg Confession. It may be of significance also that at this same meeting of the Synod (1824) a committee was appointed to re- vise the sy nodical constitution, though the nature of the changes made cannot now be ascertained. The next year the movement was started in the Maryland Synod for the establishment of a Theological Seminary by the General Synod. This, as we have seen, was instigated by Dr. Schmucker. A few weeks later, when the General Synod adopted the proposal of the Maryland Synod and appointed a committee to prepare a plan for establishing the seminary, Schmucker was a member of the committee and the very first resolution of the committee specified "that in this seminary shall be taught the fundamental doctrines of the Sacred Scriptures as contained in the Augsburg Confession." This indicated a favorable attitude of the General Synod towards the Augsburg Confession and opened the way for its direct recognition. The professors of the seminary were required from the first to subscribe to the Augs- burg Confession and the Catechisms of Luther "as a summary and just exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God.'" Not until four .years later, 1829, was the revision of the Mary- land S.vnod's constitution completed. It is highly probable that this new instrument made explicit mention of the Confession. For in that same year the General Synod adopted a form of con- stitution for the government of district synods, in which candi- dates for ordination were pledged to the conviction "that the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God are taught in a man- 150 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. iier substantially correct in the doctrinal articles of the Auii'sburp,- Confession." This form of constitntion was framed by Dr. Selimucker and the (jualitied assent it g'ives to the Au^sburu' Confession marks the beginning of the revival of the confessional consciousness of the Church. For thirty-five years thereafter no change was made in the Greneral Synod's statement of doctrinal basis. During this period various factors served to strengthen the denomiiiational consciousness of the Lutherans in America. The Church rapidly- arrived at clearer views of its doctrinal and other distinctive features. But a strong and influential minorit}' stoutly resisted this tendency. Party spirit ran high, in Church as in State. On the one hand, many sought to place the General Synod uncom- promisingly upon the confessional basis of all the Symbolical Books. On the other hand, some took great liberty with the words "substantially correct" adoj^ted in 1829, and tried to gain recog- nition for an American recension of the Augsburg Confession. Proscriptive intolerance was the spirit of the age. Echoes of the great confessional controversy were distinctively heard in the Maryland Synod and some of the battles were fought in her ses- sions. For her clerical roll included eminent representatives of both sides of the conflict. Dr. Schmucker had not been able to follow the very rapid confessional development of his Church. He was one of the leading protagonists of ' ' American Lutheran- ism," and wdiile he was no longer a member of the Maryland Synod his spirit was ably reflected there by men like Benjamin Kurtz and Simeon "W. Harke.y. On the other hand, the party in favor of a stricter adherence to the Confessions was represented in the Maryland Synod by men like H. L. Baugher, John (1. Mor- ris, F. W. Conrad, and J. A. Siess. During this period between 1829 when the General Synod gave indirect and qualified recognition to the Augsburg Confession and 1864 when that recognition became direct and unqualified, several unsuccessful efforts were made in the Maryland Synod to stem the tide of denominational consciousness and to commit the Synod to a modified Lutheranism. At the meeting of 1843 Dr. Harkey proposed that the Synod publish a monthh- periodical to be styled "The Revivalist" and to be devoted to the history and defence of genuine revivals, and the best means of promoting and conducting revivals. But on motion of Professor Baugher this proposition was declared "in- expedient. ' ' At the same meeting Dr. Benjamin Kurtz, editor of the Ob- server, proposed that a committee be appointed to draft a min- DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 151 lite expressive of the views of the Synod in regard to "New Measures." Dr. Ezra Keller was then in-esident of the body and he appointed on the eomniittee Drs. Kurtz, Morris, and Har- key. Their report was debated for two days and then on motion of Dr. Conrad was referred back to the committee. At the next meeting of the S.vnod the committee asked to be excused from further consideration of the subject. This M^as granted, the com- mittee was discharged, and the Synod as a body was never com- mitted to the "New Measures.*' Then in 1844, on motion of Professor Baugher, a committee was appointed to prepare a "summary of the doctrines and usages of the Church within the limits of the Synod." The avowed purpose of this was to correct "vc»-ious and repeated misrepresentations concerning the doctrines and practices of the Lutheran Church in the United States." Its aim really was to give definiteness to the pledge of the General Synod by enumerat- ing the doctrines and aspects of doctrine which must be regarded as "fundamental. " Dr. Harkey was then president and the com- mittee he appointed consisted of Drs. Baugher, Kurtz, and Har- key. The report of the committee presented the following year is known as the "Abstract of Doctrines and Practice of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Maryland." This document con- sisted of fourteen doctrinal articles which represent a modified or ' ' xVmerican ' ' Lutheranism rather than the symbolism that was rapidly growing in favor with the Church at large. But the Marjdand S.vnod did not adopt this "Abstract." The discussion that attended the report of the committee in 1845 re- vealed that the connnittee was sharply divided on the subject. After prolonged and "very animated discussion" the report was referred back to the committee with ijistructions to embody sug- gestions from the various members of the Synod and report at the next meeting. Thereupon Dr. Harke.v withdrew from the committee and Dr. Conrad was elected to supply his place. The result was that at the next meeting of the Synod the entire re- port was laid on the table and indefinitely postponed. Dr. Kurtz stoutly advocated the "Abstract" in his Lutheran Ohscrver, but the Synod steadfastly refused to adopt a doctrinal statement that avoided the distinctive features of the Lutheran Confession. Meanwhile the Church in general continued to move in the di- rection of a stricter confessional basis. In 1853 the Pennsylvania Ministerium applied for readmission to the General Synod after an absence of thirty years, and was admitted. Evidently the General Synod and the Pennsylvania Ministerium were each sat- isfied with the confessional position of the other. But the Penn- 152 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. sylvaiiia Ministerium had made very rapid progress alnnp; doc- trinal lilies since 1823 and had adopted a resolution "acknowl- edging the collective body of Symbolical Books, as the historical and confessional writings of the Evangelical Lutheran Church," and ascribing "to the Unaltered Augsburg Confession and Lu- ther's Small Catechism an especial importance among our Sym- bolical Books generally." In asking for readmission into the General Synod the Pennsylvania Ministerium placed on record the opinion that the General Synod was "entertaining the same views of the fundamental doctrine of the gospel as those set forth in the Confessional writings of the Evangelical Church, and especially in the Unaltered Augsburg Confession." Now the General Synod as such had made no official declaration going be- yond that of 1829. Her cordial welcome of the Pennsylvania Ministerium in 1853 therefore indicates that her constituenc.y as a whole was making considerable progress towards more ad- vanced confessional ground. It was probably this general awakening of Lutheran conscious- ness that precipitated the publication of the "Definite Platform" in 1855. The "Definite Platform" was essentially an attempted revision of the Augsburg Confession correcting the alleged errors of that symbol. It was an effort to stem the tide of symbolism. The authors of the document were S. S. Schmucker, B. Kurtz, and S. Sprecher. Copies of the platform were sent anonymously to the district synods with the suggestion that it be endorsed by them with the resolution "that we will not receive into our Synod any minister who will not adopt this platform." The district synods of the General Synod emphatically rejected the platform. Only three small synods adopted it temporarily. The East Penn- sylvania Synod expressed "unqualified disapprobation of the dangerous attempt" to change the doctrinal basis of the General Synod and sent solemn warning to sister synods against "this dangerous proposition. ' ' In this way the "Definite Platform" came before the Maiy- land Sjnod. A committee of seven clergymen was appointed October, 1855, on the "communication from the East Pennsyl- vania Sj'iiod. ' ' Of this committee Dr. Morris was chairman and both Dr. Baugher and Dr. Kurtz were members. The committee first reported "that as said platform is not officially before us, no action is required." But two days later the committee presented the following report which was adopted by the Synod: "He- solved, That we protest against any attempt by Synod or indi- viduals, of old or new school sentiments, to introduce among us am' new confessions of faith, or tests of synodical membership, DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 153 Init hereby renew our declaration of adherence to that contained in our ordination service, which embraces the fundamental doc- trines of the Word of God, as correctlj' taught in the doctrinal articles of the Augsburo- Confession. ' ' Thus the ' ' Definite Plat- form" was definitely rejected by the Synod. When Dr. Kurtz found himself unable to resist the conserva- tive doctrinal tendency of the Synod he had helped to organize in 1820, he withdrew from that body in 1857 and together with several kindred spirits formed the Melanchthon Synod. The same motive is said to have been active in his founding of the Missionary Institute at Selinsgrove in 1858. Dr. Harkey had left the Synod in 1850. On two other occasions during this critical period in the doc- trinal development of our Church, the Maryland Synod placed herself on record as unequivocally endorsing the confessional position of the General Synod. Once in 1856 at Frederick the Synod in order to allay agitation and secure harmony adopted this paragraph : "We reaffirm our adlierence to the doctrinal basis of the Gen- eral Synod, receiving- the Old and New Testaments as the Word of God, and the only infallible rule of faith and practice, and at the same time endorse the sentiment that the fundamental doc- trines of the AVord of God are taught in a manner substantially correct in the doctrinal articles of the Augsburg Confession." And again at the same meeting-, in order to avoid differences among the brethren of the Synod it was unanimously resolved "to allow to each other full liberty of judgment upon these dis- puted points provided, however, that this covenant shall not be interpreted so as to reject the divine institution of the Sabbath or to conflict with the doctrinal basis of the General Synod. ' ' These actions show that the Maryland Synod as a body was keeping peace with the doctrinal development of the General Synod. When the forces of the General Synod were split at York in 1864 over the question of admitting the Franckean Sj'nod, two of the delegates from the Maryland Synod voted with the solid dele- gation of the Pennsylvania Ministerium and others against ad- mitting the new synod, and later joined in the formal protest against that action. But the formation of the General Council two years later caused no rupture in the ranks of the Maryland Synod and made no appreciable impress on that body. The Maryland Synod remained thoroughly loyal to the general body to whose origin and development she had made such large con- tributions. 154 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. At the memorable meeting' of the General S.vnod in 1866 at Fort Wayne, where the rupture in the ranks of the body was made permanent, the delegation of the Maryland Synod, in com- pany with a large majority of the other delegates present, voted to sustain the ruling- of the president in excluding the Pennsyl- vania Ministerium delegation until the convention should be or- ganized. The Maryland Synod delegation then reported to their body : ' ' None could regret more than the Delegates of the Synod of Maryland, should the action of the large majorit}" of the con- vention produce the threatened schism in the Church of the Re- deemer. But as guardians of the truth, loving the Church, seek- ing the things that make for peace, and responsible to the Divine Head, after the most solemn, earnest and prayerful deliberation, we could not do otherwise."' Forthwith and without a dissenting vote the Synod adojoted the following : "WiTEREAs: Several Synods have withdrawn from the General S}' nod, and invited all other Synods to combine wdtli tliem ; therefore, "Resolved, That as a Synod we re-affirm our unabated confi- dence in the General Synod, as the great bond of union and con- servator of the spiritual life of the Church. "Resolved, That we deprecate the movement of those Synods that have withdrawn from the General Synod. "Resolved, That we cordially approve of her doctrinal basis, and that we will pledge our continued support of her publica- tions and institutions." The doctrinal amendments to the constitution of the General Synod that were submitted to the district synods in 1864 were promptly ratified bj' the Maryland Synod. When these amend- ments were incorporated in the constitution of the General Synod they made that instrument express the doctrinal advance that had been made by the Church in general since 1829. No longer is it held merely that "the fundamental doctrines of the AVord of God are taught in a manner substantially correct in the doc- trinal articles of the Augsburg Confession," but it is now clearly specified that the district synods of the General Synod receive and hold "with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of our fathers the Word of God as contained in the canonical scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as the only infallible rule of faith and practice, and the Augsburg Confession as a correct exJii'bition of the fundamental doctrines of the Divine Word, and of the faith of our Church founded on that Word. ' ' From this unequivocal subscription to the Augsburg Confession the General Synod has DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 155 never made any material changes. Verbal changes and explana- tions were made from time to time in order to avoid misunder- standing and to correct misrepresentation. These were coditied and incorporated in the constitution in 1913. But essentially the doctrinal position remained constant after 1866. Now this doctrinal i)osition of the General Synod describes very accurately the position of the Maryland Synod during the second half-century of her life. She takes firm stand upon the Bible as the Word of God and the only infallible rule of faith and practice. She subscribes to the Augustana unequivocally. She holds the unaltered Augsburg Confession to be a true exhibi- tion of Bible doctrine and a correct setting forth of the inner faith and the objective doctrine of our Church, which is founded on the Word. The principles of the Lutheran Reformation, both formal and material, received frequent emphasis in the conventions and among the congregations of the Maryland Synod. Dr. J. G. Mor- ris was a thorough-going student of Luther and the Reformation, and he lost no opportunity to bring the subject to the attention of the Synod. Already in 1832, when the denominational con- sciousness of our Church was still at a low ebb and when union- ism was still rampant, a synodical committee of which Dr. Mor- ris was chairman presented a resolution pledging the members of the Synod to the observance of the Reformation festival on October 31st each year or on the Sunday nearest the date. This action was renewed from time to time, notably in 1848 when the example of the Missouri Synod impelled the Maryland Synod to a more intensive celebration of the Reformation. For a number of years it was a rule of the Synod to hear a Reformation Sermon at one of the sessions of her animal conven- tion. This began in 1837 and Dr. C. F. Schaeft'er was the first man to fill the appointment. Doubtless these regular observances of the Reformation, both in the congregations and in the synod- ical conventions, had much to do with the growing sense of ap- preciation for our Lutheran heritage and the steady doctrinal development of the Sj^nod. Moreover, be^'ond her own bounds the Maryland Synod did much to stimulate positive Lutheran convictions. One instance of this is found in the general celebration of the centenary of Lutheranism in this country. The celebration took place in 1842, one hundred years after Muhlenberg's arrival in America. It was an important factor in helping the Lutheran Church in America to return to the confessional position of Muhlenberg and his associates. The observance of the centenarv was sug- 156 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. o-ested to the General Synod by the Maryland Synod delegation acting nnder instrnctions from their body. The suggestion was cordially received by the Church and the result was a wide- spread effort for the su])port of the benevolent operations and institutions of the Church and a concerted study of the life and labors of Muhlenberg. Again in 1867, the seventh semi-centennial anniversary of the Reformation was ordei'ed to be observed among the congregations of the Synod bj^- Reformation sermons, special services, jubilee meetings, and special efforts for benevolences. The plans for the General Sj'nod's celebration of this jubilee w^ere not laid until 1868. Of special importance was the celebration in 1883 of the four hundredth anniversary- of Luther's birth. This celebration also was observed by the General Synod on the initiative of the Marj'- land Synod. In 1882 Dr. Morris presented a series of resolutions to the Maryland Synod setting forth the possibilities of the anni- versary and embodying plans for its observance. The next year Dr. Morris was elected president of the General Synod and, ap- parently on his own initiative, appointed a "committee on Lu- ther Commemoration." Dr. Diehl of the Maryland Synod was chairman of this committee and its report was practically iden- tical with the resolutions that had been adopted by the Maryland Synod the previous year. The celebration itself followed the lines laid down by Dr. Mor- ris. It produced his translation of Koestlin's Luther and led to a general review of Luther's life and doctrine. In this way it effected a higher appreciation of the distinctive features of Lu- ther 's work. Many Lutherans were surprised to learn how much respect Luther commanded among the best men of other com- munions. Vast assemblages gathered to celebrate. The Luther Monument was erected in Washington. A permanent stimulus was given to the production of Luther literature. In short, the celebration of 1883 marked an epoch in the history of the Lu- theran Church in America because it taught Lutherans the pos- sibilities of working together, showed them the wisdom of em- phasizing the things they have in common, and deepened their appreciation for their common doctrine and faith. In this way it helped to pave the waj- for the memorable events of 1917 and 193 8. In the Quadricentennial Celebration of the Reformation in ]917 the Maryland Synod cooperated most cordially. Through the labors of her members in the work of the Joint Committee of the general bodies, through her own synodical committee, through DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 157 the special efforts of her Conferences, through the series of cele- brations at the synodical convention in Washington, and par- ticularly through the preaching of Reformation sermons in her pulpits and the holding of special services in her congregations during the Jubilee year, she received her full share of the in- spiration growing out of the special observance of that memora- ble year and it was with peculiar satisfaction that she witnessed the consummation of the Merger and participated in the forma- tion of the United Lutheran Church. Several unrelated incidents in the life of the Synod are worthy of record here because they throw interesting side-lights on the doctrinal history of the body. From the beginning the Synod embraced a numl)er of union churches in, which Lutherans and Reformed worshipped. But this was not unionism of organization or teaching, and the Mary- land Synod never countenanced the unionistic tendencies that for a long time were so prevalent in other parts of the Lutheran Church. Thus Avhen Nicholas Schnuicker, one of the founders of the S^'nod, was charged in 1828 with having caused disaffection between the Lutheran and Reformed congregations worshipping in one of his churches by refusing to give a general invitation to the Lord's Supper, the Synod resolved "That the Rev. N. Schmucker, in not giving a general invitation to partake of the Lord's Supper did not transgress the discretionary power vested in every individual Minister of our Church." In approving the design of tlie Evangelical Alliance in 184G the Synod expressly guarded against any kind of unionism by declaring that she ' ' does not in any sense regard it as an alliance of denominations or branches of the Church, but of individual Christians, each acting on his own responsibility," and that "it is distinctly understood by the Synod that no compromise of the views of any member of the Alliance on the points wherein he may differ from others, is either required or expected. ' ' A number of times the Synod made deliverances on subjects pertaining to church polity. For example, the parity of the ministry is clearly and firmly maintained in a resolution adopted unanimously in 1838, ''Resolved, That as in the view of the Evan- gelical Lutheran Church the incumbents of the ministerial office are by divine appointment of equal rank, we regard all ordained ministers of the gospel as Bishops, in the primary and Scriptural sense of the term, and therefore fully entitled to that appella- tion." 158 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. "The Maryland Synod Question" is the name that has been given to a discussion on a question of church polity that took place in the Maryland Synod but excited general interest. The whole (juestion was one concerning- synodical authority. It arose i)i 18.13 when Dr. J. A. Seiss, then president of the Synod, gave a certificate of honorable dismissal to Rev. John Winter at his own request when he had no intention of uniting with another synod or of becoming pastor of a congregation. The Synod refused to confirm the act of the president, and so the debate began. The question was whether one ceased to be a minister by ceas- ing to be a member of a synod or a pastor of a congregation. The chief disputants for the affirmative were Drs. Baugher and Diehl, for the negative Drs. Seiss and Kurtz. The debate extended over three conventions of Synod, into the columns of the Ohscrver, and on the pages of the Evangelical Hevicw. The discussion was lively and interesting but not acrimonious. The arguments were far too lengthy to be reproduced here. Suffice it to say that the debate made progress and finally led to a conclusion that was mutually satisfactory. The conclusion of the whole matter was embodied in a number of resolutions prepared by both Dr. Baugher and Dr. Seiss and adopted by the Synod in 1855, as follows : "1. That we view Synodical organizations not as of absolute divine institution, but as early and wiseh" introduced into the Christian Church for the more satisfactory and efficient admin- istration of its general affairs, but possessing no specific divine powers beyond or above those resident in the ministers and churches of which they are composed. "2. That as fraternal association for mutual consultation and advice, and for the joint exercise of God's gifts to His individual ministers and churches. Synods are vital to the operations of the church as it exists in this country ; and that the wisdom of our Lutheran fathers in adopting and incorporating them into the government and discipline of our Church claims our highest com- mendation. "3. That it is rightfully expected of all who claim to be ac- credited ministers of our Church, as constituted in this country, that they seek connection with some one of our District Synods. "4. That a minister in good standing in the Synod may with- draw from his connection with it, and may receive testimonials of his good standing up to the moment of his withdrawal ; but that after he has thus withdrawn he will no longer be regarded by us as an accredited minister of the Lutheran Church until he has again secured membership in some one of our regular Synods. DOCTRINAL AND LITURGICAL DEVELOPMENT. 159 ''5. That the power of giving the testimonials above alluded to shall not lie with the President ad interim, but the Synod itself in regular session assembled." Thus the action of the Synod has always been in harmony with the two fundamental principles of Lutheran Church polity, namely, that the primary exercise of all Church authority belongs to the congregations (including their ministers), and that per se all ministers are of equal rank. All resolutions and proposals contrary to these principles she has consistently rejected. Liturgical. In the liturgical history of the Church the Maryland Synod has been less conspicuous than in the doctrinal history and the de- velopment of benevolences. Nevertheless, she has made contribu- tions in that sphere that are at least worthy of brief mention. The General Synod was formed in 1820 for several purposes, one of them being "to introduce new books for general use in the public Church Service as well as to make improvements in the Liturgy." But this particular purpose v/as overlooked until 1825. Then it was brought to the attention of the general body by the Maryland Synod through her recjuest for a hymn-book in English. The General Synod answered this recjuest by ap- pointing a committee ''to prepare a Hymn-Book, Liturgy, and a Collection of Prayers in the English language, for the use of our Church." Of the five members on this initial committee two, Dr. S. S. Schmucker and Dr. C. P. Krauth, were from the Maryland Synod. This was the beginning of Dr. Schmucker 's long period of conspicuous service in the liturgical development of the Gen- eral Synod. The first liturgy published by order of the General Synod ap- peared in 1832. It was prepared by the Rev. Mr. Lintner of New York. It proved as unsatisfactory to the Maryland Synod as to any of the others. For in that year it was resolved "that this Synod earnestly recommend to the General Synod to make such improvements in the new liturgy as will make it satisfac- tory, or suppress it entirely." The General Synod therefore ap- pointed a standing connnittee to revise and amend the liturgy of 1832. Of this committee David F. Schaeffer was the first chair- man, then J. G. Morris, and then Ezra Keller. All of these were members of the Maryland Synod, but none of them accomplished a satisfactory revision of the liturgy. Not until 1847 was another liturgy adopted by the General Synod. This was prepared by a committee of which C. P. Krauth was chairman, and it was largely the w^ork of Professor H. I. 160 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Sehiuidt. It was a decided improveincut on the liturgy of 1832, but it did not entirely satisfy the growing liturgical sense of the Church. Accordingly in 1850 the Maryland Synod started a movement that long afterwards resulted in an Order of Service more nearly Lutheran than anything that had yet been attained. Through her delegation as a special committee, consisting of Mor- ris, Sentman, Seiss, and Conrad, the Maryland Synod presented to the General Synod a carefully prepared report embodying ten definite suggestions for the improvement of the liturgy. These included the observance of the Church Year and pointed in the direction of the historical Lutheran liturgies. The suggestions came from the growing conviction, as Professor Reynolds ex- pressed it, "that our Church is liturgical, that such forms ought to constitute a part of our public worship, and that there sliould be uniformity in their use." This report of the Maryland Synod delegation was referred to the Standing Committee on Liturgy, and so failed to produce immediate fruit. The liturgy adopted in ]856 differed only in minor points from that of 1847. Efforts at improvement con- tinued. The influence of Beale M. Schmucker and J. G. Morris began to be felt. Dr. S. S. Schmucker 's "provisional liturgy" of 1864 was a decided improvement on all former ones but it was not adopted by the General Synod. The liturgical appetite was rapidly growing keener just as the denominational consciousness was growing deeper, and liturgical matters were more chaotic than confessional affairs. But a large step forward was taken in 1869 when the General Synod met at Washington. A committee of three, L. E. Albert, T. Stork, and J. G. Butler, had been appointed the previous year to revise the liturgy. Their report was adopted at Washington and is commonly known as the "Washington Service." This service was the first definite approach to any historical Lutheran Order of Service since the General Synod had been organized. The largest contribution to the work of the committee was made by Dr. Butler, who was a member of the Maryland Synod. His advocacy of such a service appears repeatedly in the issues of the Observer preceeding the meeting of 1869. The new service was subjected to severe criticism. It was amended and revised and adopted again in 1881. But mean- while the movement for a Common Service had begun. In the preparation of the "Common Service" and most recently of the "Common Service Book" the Maryland Synod has not been par- ticularly prominent but has cooperated through her representa- tives on the Committees preparing them and by loyally urging their introduction into her congregations. CHAPTER X. SYNODICAL RELATIONS. The relations of the Maryland Synod with other Synods con- tiguous to her territory and with other members of the General S.ynod have always been friendly and cordial. The separation from the Ministerium of Pennsylvania was ac- complished, as we have seen, with unusual grace and peace. Early in her history the Synod passed resolutions looking to- wards the maintenance of inter-synodical comity in receiving and dismissing ministers and congregations, in establishing the bounds of Synod, in exchanging fraternal delegates, in occupy- ing the home mission field, and in adjusting the relations among the congregations. The result lias been that through her century of history she has never had a single serious quarrel with any of her neighbors. There have been mild protests from time to time, both from the Synod and to the Synod. But they have been few in number and trivial in nature. The geographical isolation and the relative homogeneity of the Maryland Synod have permitted her to carry on her work in comparative peace. Not strife and contention but harmony and a willingness to cooperate have char- acterized her relations both internally and externally. Even the short-lived efforts at schism within her own ranks were treated with such a spirit of forbearance that th^y did not deeply disturb her synodieal equanimity. "We need only consider here the relations of our Synod to the General Synod, the Virginia Synod, the Melanchthon Synod, and the German Synod of Maryland. The General Si/uod. — The Maryland Synod enjoys the distinc- tion of being the only District Synod that was in continuous union with the General Synod from its formation in 1820 until its merging into the Ignited Lutheran Church in 1918. What the Maryland Synod contributed to the life of the General Synod may best be gathered from the three chapters in this volume im- mediately preceding this chapter. But one more incident in the life of the General Synod calls for record in this connection. It shows how the Maryland Synod saved the very life of the Gen- eral Synod. 161 11 162 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. It was ill 1828. The first reg'ular business convention of the General Synod had been hekl in 1821. The mother Synod of Pennsylvania determined in 1823 to withdraw from the general body and not to attend the meeting announced for that fall. By nearly every one this v/as considered the death-blow of the General Synod. So general was this impression that the pastors west of the Susquehanna appointed their conference on the very day that had been fixed for the meeting of the General Synod. The cause of the General Synod seemed indeed hopeless. Only two small Synods, that of Maryland and Virginia and that of North Carolina, remained after Pennsylvania withdrew. But several of the brethren in the Maryland Synod sensed the crisis and saved the cause. Chief among these was young S. S. Schmucker, then secretary of the Synod. All through the sum- mer of 1823 he put forth herculean efforts to inspire resolution in the hearts of the brethren in other parts of the Church to save the infant organization from destruction. In these efforts he was abh' seconded by D. F. Schaeff'er of Frederick. Letters were written. Journej^s were made. Appeals were sent. Arguments and reasonings were piled one on the other. The result was that the life of the General Synod was sustained. The meeting in Oc- tober, 1823, was held according to schedule, but without the large and influential Pennsylvania Ministerium. The West Pennsyl- vania Conference sent a delegation to attend. The Synod of North Carolina sent four delegates. Of course the Synod of Maryland and Virginia had a full delegation in attendance. And even the Synod of Ohio sent two commissioners to attend. The crisis was passed. The prompt and vigorous action of Maryland Synod men had saved the General Synod from dissolu- tion. This carried tremendous consefjuences for the future pros- perity of the Lutlieran Church in this country. For from that hour she became more pronounced in her Lutheranism and was saved from her former lifeless and distracted condition. Under such circumstances it was to be expected that the Mary- land Synod would for many years play a leading part in the ac- tivities of the General Synod. Such proved to be the case, as we have seen. Of the first thirteen conventions of that hody ten Avere held on the territory of the Maryland Synod. Of the first eight presidents of that body six were members of the Maryland Synod. And throughout the hundred years of the history of the General S^aiod more than one-third of her presiding officers were elected from among the delegates of the Maryland Synod. There was everv reason whv the relations between the Maryland Synod SYNODICAL RELATIONS. 163 and the General S.vnod should have been so uniformly happy and cordial as they always were. When the question of a larger union among Lutheran bodies arose in 1917 the men of the Mar^dand Synod were among those who hailed the proposal with joy and who helped to consummate the movement. And as the oldest constituent Synod of the Gen- eral Synod her delegation at the merger convention in New York in 1918 was proud to be the very first to answer the call of the roll and signify her cordial assent to the new age with a mag- nificent ' ' All present ! ' ' The Virginia Synod. — The Lutheran pastors of northern Vir- ginia had organized and conducted the Special Conferences that preceded the organization of the Synod. In 1820 some of them united with the Maryland pastors in organizing the Synod itself under the name of the "Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Mary- land, Virginia, and so forth." The organization took place on Virginia soil and for thirteen years, except one, the Synod car- ried the name of Virginia in her title. But in 1829 the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Virginia was formed. The same motiA'es and considerations that in 1820 had led to the separation of the Maryland and Virginia pastors from the Pennsylvania Ministerium, nine years later led to the sepa- ration of the Virginia pastors from the Maryland Synod. They had found that the churches of the Shenandoah Valley were not so naturally and intimately connected with the churches in Mary- land as with the other churches in Virginia. They were becom- ing mere appendages to the Maryland congregations. Thus there had come to be a compelling conviction that the A^irginia pastors and congregations could do much more towards establishing the Kingdom of God and advancing the interests of the Lutheran (Uiurch by concentrating their means and efforts on the territory they were occupying. Accordingly, eight pastors — six from the Synod of Maryland and A^irginia and two from the Synod of North Carolina — organized the A'irgijiia Svnod at AVoodstock in 1829. The separation was accomplished in a most friendly spirit. The new Synod of A'irginia at once adojjted a resolution express- ing' the highest regard for their brethren' of the neighboring Synods coupled with the assurance that nothing had induced the separation from them except a desire to promote the interests of the Church.. Both the Maryland Synod and the North Carolina Synod approved the organization of the A^irginia Synod and for many years exchanged minutes and sj^nodical delegates annually with the new body. 164 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. The luunc of \'iriiinia was t lie re fore omitted from the title of the Maryhiiid Synod in 1880. But that same year, at the second convention of the A'irginia Synod, a bare majority of the mem- bers decided that the new Synod should not unite with the Gen- eral Synod. Thereupon four of the pastors, tooether with their congregations, withdrew from the Virginia Synod and reunited with the organization in Maryland. Consecjuently for two years more we find the Synod calling herself the "Synod of Maryland and Virginia. " In 1833 the name was changed to the "Synod of Maryland" although two of the Virginia pastors still continued to be members of the body. This raised the question of synodical bounds, a question which engaged the attention of Synod at various times for a period of fifteen j-ears. It first arose in connection with the status of con- gregations just south of the Potomac, but it was also discussed in connection wdth a few congregations just north of the Mason and Dixon. The action of the Synod on this subject was always courteous to her neighbors, always self -consistent, and always in accordance wdth Lutheran principles of church polity. Already in 1834 she took action clearly implying that in general the boundaries of the State should be the bounds of the Synod but allowing for exceptions in order to accommodate the convenience of the brethren and their congregations. This action was re- iterated on various occasions and in various forms until 1848, when the resolution still in force on this subject was adopted as follows: "Resolved, That recognizing the State boundaries as the boundaries of the Synod of Maryland, tlie churches on the borders shall be permitted to retain what they regard as their ecclesiastical relations, and if in future they wish to change them, they be permitted to connect themselves with the Synod which is most convenient to them, with the understanding that the in- tention to do so be first communicated to the Synod in whose bounds they are." It is worthy of note in this connection that when the Synod, was about to meet in Martinsburg, Virginia, in 1847, the presi- dent. Dr. F. W. Conrad, received from the secretary of the Vir- ginia Synod a courteous resolution adopted by that body and de- siring the Maryland Synod to change its purpose to hold its next session within the bounds of the Virginia Synod. But Dr. Con- rad, after diligent inquiry as to the actual synodical relationship of Martinsburg, felt convinced that the resolution of the Virginia Synod was based on a misapprehension of the facts in the case, and so he did not ciiange the place of meeting. At that meeting Dr. J. A. Seiss was the fraternal delegate from the Virginia SYNODICAL RELATIONS. 165 Synod. The subject of the boundary between the two Synods re- ceived frank and frieiully discussion and the result was the ac- tion noted above. Thus the friendly relations between the two bodies continued unbroken. Under this principle of conoregational self-determination the church at Martinsburg associated lierself with the Yirg'ima Synod for nearly twenty years. But during the Civil War it found itself within the Union lines and afterwards in the State of West Virginia, and so it asked to be received with its pastor into the Maryland Synod. The Virginia Synod protested, but under the action mutually agreed upon the Maryland Synod ac- cepted the congregation, and in this relationship it has continued to the present. In 1860 and 1861 committees were appointed and negotiations were begun looking towards the reunion of the Synod of Virginia with the Synod of Maryland. But these negotiations were sev- ered by the war. Then after the war had closed, in 1870, the Maryland Synod, regarding herself as best fitted to open the sub- ject because of her location and because of her moderate attitude during the war, again appointed a committee of conference with the Synods of Virginia and took other steps to bring about a re- union of the southern Synods with the General Synod. But be- 3^ond the interchange of fraternal delegates with the Virginia Synod nothing was accomplished. The Melanchilion Synod. — This was a schism in the ranks of the Maryland Synod. It was not a deep schism nor one of long duration. Neither did it seriously disturl) the peace of the Mary- land Synod. It was chiefly an eflfort on the part of Dr. Benjamin Kurtz and a few others to resist the swelling confessional tide in the Lutheran Church in geiieral and in the Maryland Synod in particular. As such it was a conspicuous failure. The Maryland Synod had flatly refused to publish Dr. Har- key's proposed ''Revivalist." She had definitely declined Dr. Kurtz's avowal of the "New Measures." She had tabled and indefinitely postponed the "Abstract of Doctrines" that avoided the distinctive features of the Lutheran Confession. And she had squarely rejected the "Definite Platform." All hope of moving the Synod from her conservative doctrinal trend was gone. It was therefore resolved to try the expedient of organiz- ing a new Synod. We are not concerned here about the detailed history of the Melanchthon Synod but onl}' about the relations of the Maryland Synod with that body. It was in 1857 that eight pastors (Kurtz, Unruh, Campbell, Baughman, Hunt, Startzman, Klink, and 166 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Beckley) petitioned the Maryland Synod for dismissal from that body in order to organize themselves into "a new Lutheran Synod in Western Maryland." The cono-reoations involved were Myersville, Middletown, Creagerstown, Boonsboro, Waynesboro, and Leitersburg-. After lengthy discussion the petition was granted. A few weeks later the Lutheran Ohserver issued the "Call to the Convention" and the Melanchthon Synod was or- ganized. It had no fixed boundaries but placed itself upon the basis of "Elective Affinity" and evidently aimed to spread over the entire territory of the Maryland Synod. Its "Declaration of Faith" embodied the articles of the Evangelical Alliance with a few changes and represented an advanced "American Luther- anism. ' ' The very next year the Maryland Synod repented of her ac- tion in allowing the eight brethren and the six congregations to withdraw. When Rev. Christian Startzman applied for admis- sion as a fraternal delegate from the Melanchthon Synod, it was refused, and the Synod's attitude towards the new body was clearly defined. The Sjaiod deplored "the error committed at the last meeting, in permitting these brethren to withdraw and establish a Synod, when no adequate motives existed to justify a new organization." To organize a new synod purely on the basis of "elective affinity" was declared to be "subservive of all synodical order and harmony." The conviction was recorded that ' ' under no circumstances are two synods either necessary or desirable in the State of Maryland, even if divided by a fixed geographical boundary. ' ' And the brethren of the Melanchthon Synod were "affectionately invited to a praj^erful confei'ence with the brethren of this Sj'nod" in the hope of restoring the unity of the ancient body and thus serving the cause of Christ and the Lutheran Church in the State of MarylancL When the General Synod met at Pittsburgh in 1859 the Mel- anchthon Synod applied for admission. There were serious doubts both as to the regularity of its formation and as to its ac- ceptance of the faith of the Church. The discussion concerning its admission extended over four sessions. Finally', on a resolu- tion of Charles Porterfield Krauth, warning the new s^nod against "schism" and mildly requesting it to withdraw its im- plied charges against the Augsburg Confession, it was admitted to the general body. The vote admitting it stood ninety-eight to twenty-six. The Maryland Synod delegation was divided on the (juestion, five of the delegates voting in favor of admission, Dr. Baugher alone voting in the negative. This admission of the Melanchthon Synod to the General Sjaiod was one of the fruitful SYNODICAIi RELATIONS. 167 causes of the rupture in the ranks of the General Synod a few years later. For four successive years, heg-inning in 1858, the Maryland Synod made overtures to the Melanchthon Synod for reunion. But all in vain. Not until tlie twelfth convention of the Mel- anchthon Synod in 1868, three years after Dr. Kurtz's death, did that bod}' accept the long-standina; invitation to a friendly con- ference with the Maryland Synod with a view to reunion. The preamble of the action accepting the invitation states: "The causes which legitimately led to the organization of the Melanch- thon Synod have in our judgment expired, and with them the necessity of continuing a separate organization, the Melanchthon Synod having accomplished its special business." Accordingly a joint convention of the two bodies was held in Frederick, November 9, 1868, and a basis of reunion was adopted. Several of the articles of this basis of reunion are interesting. Articles One and Two show how completely the Melanchthon Synod had failed of its purpose : ' ' The Maryland Synod retains its name and all its chartered rights, and its Constitution re- mains unimpaired and unaltered as the fundamental law of the United Body. The Melanchthon Synod relinquishes its name and organization, and its ministers and churches become integral ])arts of the Maryland Synod.'' Article Six suggests a possible motive that may have operated in conjunction with the doctrinal motive in perpetuating the life of the young Synod : ' ' The In- stitutions at Gettysburg shall continue to be, as heretofore, the principal Educational agency of the United Synod, and receive its support and encouragement. The Missionarj- Institute at Selinsgrove, in its original clfsign is also recognized as a Subor- dinate Educational Agency, and in that capacit}' we will give it our support." xVt the next regular convention of the Maryland Synod, there- fore, after due preliminaries the two bodies were merged. This was done without any action on the part of the congregations. For Rev. Reuben Weiser, in his report as the last president of the Melanchthon Synod, had said: "All seem to favor such a union. The congregations were not consulted when the separa- tion took place, so we think they need not be consulted when they are about to be brought together again after a separation of twelve years. The separation threw our churches into an ab- normal condition, our union will make us a natural bod}^ again." The act of union consisted simply in adding to the roll of the Maryland Synod the names of the twelve pastors ( Weiser, Startz- man. Bowers, Richardson, Unruh, Buhrman, Knodle, Wire, 168 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Owen, Grabill, Fair, and Beckley) and the eleven cono-regations (Manchester, Clearspring, Jeiferson, Lovettsville, Thurniont, Waynt'sboro, Myersville, BurkittsviHe, Woodsboro, Funkstown, and Boonsboro) which constituted the last roll of the Melanch- thon Synod. The president of the Melanchthon Synod gave of- ficial notice of the dissolution of that body, and the schism of ''elective atfinity" had ceased. That the breach was completely healed is evidenced by the fact that the Melanchthon Synod men were admitted before the Synod's convention was organized by the election of officers, although this, was acknowledged at the time to be "somewhat irregular," and by the further fact that one of their number. Rev. X. J. Richardson, was immediately elected president of the Maryland Synod. The German Sij)iod of Maryland and the South. — This was an- other schismatic venture within the ranks of the Maryland Synod. Its career was even shorter and more inglorious than that of the Melanchthon Synod. It was a sincere but ill-advised effort on the part of a small group to conserve the spiritual inter- ests of the German brethren and to develop the piety and power of the German churches. In no case was it charged that the German joastors or congregations received unfair or discourteous treatment from the Maryland Synod. In general it should be said that the Maryland Synod's con- gregations made the transition from German to English with much greater ease and far less disturbance than was the case among the Synods in Pennsylvania and those farther west. The movement to form a German S3'nod proceeded not from the origi- nal element in the Church but from the German element that came to this country, chiefly from North Germany, with those strong waves of German immigration about the middle of the Nineteenth Century. On the whole subject of the German element in the Maryland Synod, Rev. Richard Schmidt has prepared the following for these pages : The whole early history of the Maryland Synod might well be written in the German language. German was the language of the leading pastors and churches, at Hagerstown, Frederick, Middletown, Baltimore, Washington, and other places. Pastors and churches using the English language, if they were not to rely wholly on Presbyterian and other non-liutheran literature, had to use or even produce translations and compilations, from the rich treasure of German catechetical, devotional, hymnological, and theological literature. The Synod was not in a position to undertake these publications, so that was left to the private en- SYNODICAL RELATIONS. 169 terprise of individual pastors, the Henckels of Virginia, Pastor S. K. Brobst of AUentown, and Rev. Peter Anstadt of York, be- ing- notable examples. The Germans on the territory of the Maryland Synod were never so numerous as in the North or in the West, but they were numerous enough to have exerted a much greater influence upon events and developments of both the Maryland and the General Synods. However, they were seldom of one mind as to policy and action, as they differed greatly in their classical and theological training and in their understanding of the mission of the Lu- theran Church in America. The ultra-conservative from Saxony and Hanover found himself in company with the Pietist from Halle, the Unionist from Prussia, the Reformed from Hessia and the Palatinate, and even the Rationalist from Heidelberg or Jena. Then, too, they furnished no exception to tlie rule concerning the proverbial differences of opinion among Germans. But the chief difference among the German brethren of the Maryland Synod, and of other sections as well, was concerning the best method by which they might exercise their influence and perpetuate their German traditions and practices over against those of the English brethren. Some contended that these ends were best served b}' remaining in close association with the Eng- lish brethren and thus trying to be a saving salt against the ele- ments which thwarted developments along genuine Lutheran lines. The other faction, fearing that by close contact with Eng- lish and American ideals and ideas they would lose their German individuality and be completel.y swallowed up by the prevailing un-Lutheran and lax tendencies, saw their only safety in a sepa- rate German Conference or Synod. This is analogous to the two currents in the political life of the Germans of the United States. While one faction sought to be a Germanizing leaven in Ameri- can life b}" throwing itself, even to the extent of being absorbed, into the general national life, the other sought to prevent its own Americanization by what might be called German coloniza- tion here and there, often using church and pastor as means to that end. The history of the country and of the Maryland Synod have conclusively shown the wisdoin of the first party and the un- tenableness of the latter position. A regular German Conference, which the Maryland S^^nod itself had organized in the early seventies, did not long satisfy some of the German pastors. They wanted greater freedom of action with regard to the disposition of Home Mission funds, but especially in the examination and ordination of young German candidates of whom there appeared quite a number and some of 170 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. whom the English brethren wei'e not ready to induct into tlie Lu- theran ministry. So at a meetin<>' of the Maryland Synod at Martinshui'<>', West Virginia, in 1874 Pastors (4. W. EbeHng, Ph.D., Catonsville; John H. Mengert, Jerusalem Church, Gardenville; L. D. Maier, St. Matthew's, Baltimore; C. A. S. Schloegel, St, Peter's, Balti- more ; J. P. Conradi, Cumberland ; Jacob Stumpf , Frostburg ; and J. G. Reitz, Hagerstown, petitioned the Synod for an hon- orable dismissal for the purpose of forming the German Synod of Marjdand and the South. The petition was granted. The new synod was launched and had as members, besides those just named, Pastors Sickel, St. John's (Biddle Street), Baltimore; Rev. Beer, St. Jacobus, Baltimore ; Dr. A. Schwartz, Canton, Baltimore ; and A. Eisenhauer, Zion, Washington. The program was to gather into the new organization all Ger- man pastors south of Philadelphia, who were not Missourians or of the Joint Synod of Ohio, and yet were not satisfied with the confessional indifference of the Evangelical Synod of North America, which was then invading the East with its systematic efforts to capture German Lutheran congregations. The new lit- tle German Synod was officially admitted into the General Synod at its twenty-seventh meeting in Baltimore, May, 1875. How- ever, at the next meeting of the General Synod two years later, it had already disbanded. If we inquire into the causes for its failure, we might name three. The first of these was the refusal of the most influential German pastors in the Maryland Sjaiod to join the new body. Pastors F. Ph. Henninghausen and George Grandau, Baltimore ; Gustave Rietz and Dr. S. Finckel, Washington; Ernst Ch. Ide. Annapolis, Maryland, and J. J. Young", Accident, Maryland, pre- ferred to remain with the English brethren. Rev. F. Ph. Hen- ninghausen was then the editor of the Kirchenfreund, the organ of all the Germans in the General Synod, which i^aper the leaders of the new Synod seized by force, l)ut soon relinquished when the arm of the law threatened. The second cause of failure is best expressed b.y the old saj'ing : ' ' United we stand, divided we fall. ' ' But the chief cause was the aggression of the Evangelical S.ynod of the West, which seemed to put forth its best men as candidates for the German Lutheran Churches in Maryland and thus cap- tured one after another of the congregations of the little German body. These invaders did not hesitate to employ questionable methods. If a congregation was bound by its constitution to ad- mit only Lutheran pastors as candidates, ways were found to cir- cumvent the clause. Instead of a trial sermon at the regular SYNODICAL RELATIONS. 171 hour of worship, an address or lecture on a Sunday afternoon brought the Evangelical candidate before the people with his best effort; and the protests of the oflicers of the Lutheran synods did not prevent the election. One instance is related where a congregation of the Maryland Synod after the retirement of the old pastor, assembled and voted to disband donating the little church building to one man. Then they proceeded to the front of the church and tarried awhile, and then reentered the church and organized as an Evangelical con- gregation, and the one meml)er donated the church building to the new congregation, and a pastor of the Evangelical Synod was on the field. It nuist be admitted that some of these congre- gations had never officially united with either the English or the German Maryland Synod. Some are to this day opposed to any synodical connection, leaving their pastor free to join any synod he prefers. But these cliurehes were Lutheran by constitution and convic- tion, and should never have been anything else, and pastors of the Evangelical Synod, with Lutheran training and conviction should have felt in honor bound, if called to these churches, to transfer their membership from the Evangelical Synod of North America to one of the two Synods of Maryland. St. Matthew's Church, and the two St. John's (Biddle Street and Frederick Koad), Baltimore, Christus at Locust Point, Concordia at Wash- ington and the German churches of Annapolis and Frostburg and some others ought to be this day in the Maryland Synod. However, the blame for the defection of these churches cainiot entirelj^ be placed upon the German brethren. The leading Eng- lish pastors of the Maryland Synod at times exhibited a lamenta- ble lack of understanding and appreciation of the position and problems of their German colleagues and their congregations, and failed to detect the un-Lutheran character of the Evangelical Synod of North America. For years the Maryland Synod wel- comed at each meeting a delegate from the Atlantic district of said synod, and sent one of its German pastors to that body as fraternal delegate. The Evangelical delegate was alwa.ys the same person, the Rev. Edward Huber of St. Matthew's, Balti- more, individually one of the most talented and congenial men, though by birth and training more Reformed than Lutheran. His representation of his synod's confessional position would so captivate the English brethren, that they saw no great difference between the two general bodies and seriously suggested that va- cant German congregations of the Maryland Synod should seek pastors from the Evangelical Synod, a thing that both factions 172 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. of the German brethren, the loyalists as well as the seeeders, con- sistently and strenuously opposed as disloyalty to the Lutheran Church. This attitude of the Ensilish brethren mii>ht in a measure ex- plain the sad fact that the members of the short-lived German Maryland Synod, after the collapse of their organization, with one or two exceptions, did not find their way back to the mother Synod but scattered in different directions. They either re- mained independent, being marked "N. S." in the Lutheran Almanac, or went to the Evanoelical Synod which they had formerly fought so bitterly, and some sought Episcopal connec- tion and even aspired to have one of their number ordained j\ bishop. Dr. J. G. Morris names Pastors A. Eisenhauer and Weissgerber as the leaders in this latter move. The German pastors and congregations who never left the Maryland S.ynod continued to do the Master's work faithfully, introducing English services to hold their young people, and bringing their people gradually into a better understanding of the privileges as well as the responsibilties of membership with Synod. Most of them regularly brought lay delegates to the meetings of Conferences and Synod. The English brethren began to appreciate the Germans more and more and showed keen interest in their process of Americanization and their develop- ment in all lines of blessed church activity. In the great church questions that were agitated a generation or more ago the German pastors and their delegates evinced a lively interest, some took leading parts as Dr. E. F. Giese, then at Cumberland ; Dr. Homrighaus, Zion, Washington ; Rev. George Brandau, St. Matthew's, Hagerstown; and Dr. Hen- ninghausen at St. Stephen's, Baltimore. The latter enjoys the great distinction of having been elected president of the Mary- land Synod at Martinsburg, West Virginia, in 1889 as an after- math to the glorious celebration of his Silver Jubilee in the pas- torate of St. Stephen's, Baltimore; and never was the Maryland Synod presided over more ably and gracefully and courteously, and the good doctor not only doubled the twenty-five years in the same pastorate, but brought his active service to fifty-three years and is still the pastor emeritus of that large and influential con- gregation now served by Rev. Christian Pieper. Other long pastorates of German brethren were Rev. Dr. Finckel, Concordia, Washington, twenty-five years ; Homrighaus, Zion, Washington, twenty; Brandau, twenty years at St. John's, Baltimore, and ten at St. Matthew's, Hagerstown. This last named congregation showed its loyalty to the Synod when, owing SYNODICAL RELATIONS. 173 to death and departure of most of its members, it decided to dis- band, and divided the proceeds of the sale of its property (over $3,000) among various synodical benevolences. In conclusion we give the present 1919 roster of German pas- tors of the Maryland S3'nod : Rev. C. F. Bergner, St. Luke's, Cumberland ; Dr. P. C. Burgdorf , Jerusalem, Baltimore ; Rev. C. M. Eyster, United Evangelical, Baltimore ; Rev. C. Freuden- reich, Cordova; Dr. F. Ph. Henninghausen, pastor emeritus, and Rev. Christian Pieper, active pastor, of St. Stephen's, Baltimore; Rev. K. W. Schmitt, Salem, Baltimore; Rev. J. C. Twele, St. John's, and Rev. Richard Schmidt, Zion, Washington. These might, if they wanted to, make quite a respectable German Con- ference or Synod of Maryland, but they know better. They are thoroughly at home with the English brethren, doing their work increasingly in the English tongue, some of them assuming an extra sermon for Sunday morning to satisfy both their old and their young members, accepting the condition of decline of their specific German activity with the philosophy of John the Bap- tist: "He must increase, but I must decrease." As they become more efficient in the use of the English lan- guage and modern methods in Church and Sunday school work, while they remain true to their traditional conservatism and sound Lutheranism, and withal having proved themselves loyal and sincere Americans during the late war, they are striving to merit the encomium with which English brethren used to flatter the German delegates at General Synod: "The Germans are the salt of the General Svnod." 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S S fe a;'^-^ 3 = 3 g M oj !» W pq H "j; ^ij ^ij O O O " 2 c t; o s w >>— " t4 M tiD^ -" i *^ f^ M 2 ,^ rHr»C0'^(Mt^<0"^C0^OQ0C^O05 I r-t i-H i-( Oi (?i (?? i-i a o > 2 .= o V o 00 1-H o"^ ^" O lO eg '-' ci g^] (>j ^i CO S^S ■OK i-^ cp i> CO '^ O tr^ C^J 52 f LO CO t^ (; OOOUQOOOaSoOOOOOGOXOOGOaOC > g O g g g - I c/j c5 S 3^ OT c 3 Cj O •-' C^ CO '^ L > 50 1- !>• 1^ r- X— 1 ^ r^ 00 :r; C T-": •l:--t--o6QCGCQl5 QOXOOQOOOOoXbaOlGttOiOicic^atOi "The Lord gave the word; great was the company of those that published it." — Psalm 68: II. CHAPTER XII. CLERICAL ROLL FOR THE C^ENTENNIAL YEAR TO- GETHER WITH ALL THE PASTORATES OP EACH MEMBER. The present clerical roll of tlie Synod lainiliers ^'^2^. The list of former ])astorates of each ii'.eniber of the Synod is intended to ^erve as a sort of index to liis past nrinisterial career. EiJtcred. Name Miiiisfn/ Vastonilr Year Aycrs, E. A., 1912.' . . ^rulllerlbero■, Africa, lf)l'J— li)17 Bare, W. F 1S95 . . . Steelton, Pa., 1 89.1—1897 F)allastown, Pa 1898—1902 Conshohocken, Pa., 1902—1912 Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1912 — 1917 Sparrow's Point, Md., 1917 — Barry, F. W., 19(l7. . . Bellefonte, Pa., 1907 — 1912 Penn's Valley, Pa., 1912— 1914 Cumberland, "St. John 's 1914—1918 Baltimore, St. Luke's 1918— Banghman, G. W., .... 1885. . . Everett, Pa., 188(5 — 1893 TTniontown, Md., 1893 — 1914 Woodbine, Md., 1915—1919 Beidleman, H. H 1914. . . Frostbnrg, Md., 1915- Bell, E. K., D.D., 1878. . . Bncyrus, O., 1879—1882 Findlay, O., 1882 — 1884 Cincinnati, O 1884 — 1899 Baltimore, First, 1899 — Berguer, C. F., 1891. . . TT,.per Sandusky, O., 1891—1895 Nashville, Tenn., 1895-190 \ Washinfjton, Zion 1904 — 1912 Cumberland, St. Luke's, 1912—1920 Bikle, P. M., Ph.D., D.D., 1869. .. N". C. College 18(i9— 1870 Lutherville Seminai-y, 1870 — 1873 Pa. College, Gettysburg, 187^ — Bloomhardt, P. F., Ph.D., 1912. . . Lutherville, St. Paul's U)i.-i_i9i8 Chaplain, IT. S. N 1918—1920 Botsford, C. E., 1898. . . Northumberland, Pa., 189S— 19(!(i Berwick, Pa., . 19il(i— 1915 Secretary Susquehanna I^niv., ..1915 — 1918 Cumberland, St. .Tnlin's, 1918 — Bowers, G. S., D.D., . . . 1 882 . . . Grafton. W. Va., 1881—1885 Bloserville, Pa., 1885 — ]S,S8 . York, Pa., St. Luke's, 1888—189:; Winchester, Va 1902 — 1919 Baltimore, Incarnation, 1919 — Bowers, J. C, D.D., . . . 1895. . . Washington, St. Mark's, 189(i— 1902 Baltimore, Calvary, 1902 — 1910 Catonsville, ' 1910— 179 180 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Entered Name ilinistry Boyer, H. D., 1911.. Burgdorf, P. C, Ph.D., 1905. . Butler, C. H., 1887. Byers, J. E., 1898. Caiinadav, T., 1901 . Clare, E. D., D.I)., 1902., Clarke, G. D., 1908. Derr, S. J., 1885., Diehl, W. K., 1888.. Diffenderfer, G. M., D.D 1895. Dunbar, W. H., D.D., . .1873. Eiiders, M. L., 1902. English, J. S., 1898. Erdiuan, 11. C, . .1902. Eyster, C. M 1883. Fleck, J. G., 1914. Floyd, D. B., D.D., 1875. Folk, E. L., 1884. Pastorate Year Ambler, Pa., 1914 Retired, Washington, 1914 — Pittsburg, Kansas, 1905—1907 Little Falls, N. Y., 1908—1912 Gardenville, Md., 1912— Baltimore, Brooklyn, 1917 — Frostburg, Md., 1887 . Washington, Luther Memorial, .1889—1891 Washington, Keller Memorial, ..1891—1907 Washington, Luther Memorial, .1907 — 1909 Washington, Columbia Heights, .1910- — Penbrook, Pa., 1898—1903 Bloomsburg, Pa., 1903-1916 Baltimore, Grace, 1916 — Guntur, India, 1902— York, Pa., 8t. Matthew's, 1903—1911 Johnstown, Pa., First, 1911—1917 Baltimore, St. Mark's, 1917— McClure, Pa., 1908—1909 Lititz, Pa., 1909—1917 Georgetown, D. C, 1918— Hampstead, Md., 1886—190? Arcadia, Md., 1903—1911 Berrysburg, Pa., 1913—1916 Center Co., Pa., 1 889—1901 Middlebnrg, Pa 1901—1907 Clearspring, Md., 1908 — Newport, Pa., 1895—1900 Carlisle, Pa., First, 1900—1914 Secretary Pastors' Fund, 1914—1918 Camp Chaplain, 1918—1919 Washington, Luther Memorial, . 1919 — Easton, St. Peter's, 1874—1880 Lebanon, Pa., Zion, 1880—1894 Baltimore, St. Mark's, 1894— Catonsville, Md., 1902—1910 Cumberland, St. Paul's, 1910— Saxton, Pa., 1898—1904 Watsontown, Pa 1904—1905 Stoyestown, Pa., 1905—1919 Wiiliamsport, Md., 1919— Freeport, Pa., 1902—1904 Pittsburgh, Pa., Tenii.Ie, 1904 — 1906 Swissvale, Pa 1906—1915 IJurkittsville, Md., 1915— Seven A'alley, Pa 1S84— 1885 Mancliester,' Md., 1885—1900 Baltimore, German Evan., 1900 — Baltimore, St. John 's, 1915— Uniontown, Mil., 1876—1882 Boonsboro, Md., 1882—1885 Newville, Pa., 1885—1899 Funkstown, Md., 1900—1904 Georgetown, D. C, 1905. Susquehannn I^niversity, 1905 — Botetourt Co., Yn " 1884—1885 Addison, Pa., 1885-1889 CLERICAL ROLL FOR THE CENTENNIAL YEAR. 181 Name Folk, E. L., Entered Ministni ... .1SS4'. . Francis, J. M., D.D., . .1891.. Trank, H. M., Ph.D., . .1895. Fmidenreich, C 1887 Gift, F. IT., D.D., 1895. Goedeke, Harry, 1919. Gotwald, W. H., D.D., LL.D., 1867. Graef, J. E 1915. Gnihb, ,T. E., 1908. Hafer, L. P. 1896. Harms, J. E., P.P 1908. Hartman, H. H 1903. Hedges, S. A., 186* Heilmaii, P. A., P.D., ..1877. Pastoiate Y((ir Mt. Jar-kson, Va., 1890—1900 Winston Salem, N. C, 1901—1902 Mt. Jac-kson, Va., 1902—1906 Middlebrook, Va., 1906—1911 Harrisonburg, Va., 1911 — 1915 Greensboro, N. C, 1916—1917 Manor Doubs, Md., 1918- Louisville, Ky., 1891—1893 Golunibia City, Ind., 1893—1900 Springfield, 111., 1900—1908 Sunbury, Pa., 1908—1916 Waynesboro, Pa., 1916 — Brooklyn, N. Y., 1895—1908 New York, N. Y., 1908—1910 Lauraville, Md 1916—1918 Cleveland, O., 1918— Chicae-o, 111., 1887. Detroit, Mich., 1887—1892 Grunock, Pa., 1892—1896 Erie, Pa., 1 896—1900 Batesville, Ind., 1900—1905 Howells, Neb., 1905—1907 Smyrna, Ind., 1907—1913 Cordova, Md., 1913— Scranton, Pa., 1895-1899 Williamsport, Pa., 1899—1904 Philadelphia, Pa., Calvarv, 1904—1910 Baltimore, Calvary, 1910— Guntur, India, 1919— Loe-ansville, Pa., 1868—1873 Milton, Pa., 1873—1889 Washington, D. C, St. Mark's, .1889—1896 Guntur, India, 1915 — New Kingston, Pa., 1908 — 1912 Gloversville, N. Y., 1912-1916 Baltimore, Second 1916 — Fort Washington, Pa., 1897—1899 Friesburg, N. J 1899—1902 Philadelphia, Pa., Bethel, 1902—1911 Taneytown, Md., 1911— Mercersburg, Pa., 1908—1911 York, Pa., St. Matthew's, 1911 — 1914 Dayton, 1914—1917 Haaerstown, Md., St. John's, . . .1917^ Bridgeport, Conn., 1904 — 1908 Newville, Pa 1908—1910 Baltimore, Augsburg, 1910 — New Bloomfield, Pa., 1869—1872 York Springs, Pa., 1872 — 1877 Utica, Md 1877—1883 Newville, Pa., 1883—1886 JefiPerson, Md., 1886—1900 Utica, Md 1900—1912 Pleasant Hill, Md., 1912— Lock Haven, Pa., 1880—1884 Denver, Colo., 1884—1889 182 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Entered Name Minisfn/ Heilman, P. A., D.D.,. .1877. . Heiinighanseii, F. Ph., D.D., 1861.. Hess, C. W., 1900.. Hesse, F., 1894.. Hetric-k, W. H., 1903.. nightman, F. A., 1904. . Hines, C. J 1906.. Hoffman, J. L., 1901.. Howe, J. A., 1912.. Huddle, J. T., D.D., ..1895.. Tbaoh, W. 1896.. Tde, E. E., D.D., 1890. Kerlin, A. A., 1874. Koser, J. G., 1904. Knhlman, Lnther, P.P., 1881. Lau, J. B., .1894. Leatherman, C. G., ... 1902 . Pastorate Year . Bloomsburg, Pa 1889—1896 Baltimore, St. Paul 's, 1897— . Washington, 8t. John's, ] 861-1864 Baltimore, St. Stephens', 1864 — Brunswick, Md., 1902— New Oxford, Pa 1894- 1903 Philadelphia, Grace, 1903—1907 Sniithsburg, Md., 1907— Brooklyn, N. Y., 1904—1907 Philadelphia, Immanuel, 1907 — 1911 Westminster, Grace, 1911—1920 Avonmore, Pa., 1905—1908 Baltimore, Park Heights, 1908—1909 Baltimore, Puwelluaron, 1909 — , Huntington, W. Va., 1908—1910 Burkittsville, :\ld., 1910—1914 Baltimore, Emmanuel, 1914 — Tremont, Pa., 1902—1903 Scranton, Pa., 1903—1912 Silver Run, Md., 1912—1917 Baltimore, Reformation, 1917 — . Strongstown, Pa 1912—1914 Sligo, Pa., 1914—1919 Hampstead, Md., 1919— . Gerniantown, Trinity, 1896—1904 Washington, St. Paid 's, 1904— Lemoyne, Pa., 1898—1900 Chicora, Pa., 1900—1901 Philadelphia, Pa., 1901—1903 Glasgow, Pa., 1903 West Sunbury, Pa., 1903—1913 Pittsburgh, Pa., St. James', 1913—1916 Union Bridge, Md., 1916— Edgemont, Md 1891-1892 Baltimore, Trinity, 189.3— Stone Vallev, Pa!, 1874-1881 Water Street, Pa 1 881-1894 Glasgow, Pa., 1894—1896 Sharpsburg, Md., 1896— Eglon, W. Va., 190.5—1907 l<>reeport. Pa., 1907—1911 West Carnegie, Pa., 1912—1914 Leitersburg, Md., 1914 — Jennerstown, Pa., 1882—1884 Baltimore, Second, 1884—1888 Frederick, Md., 1888—1903 Gettysburg Seminary, 1903—1916 Foreign Mission Board, 1916 — 1919 Blain, Pa., 1894—1902 Dallastown, Pa., 1902—1904 Philadelphia, Reformation, 1904—1910 Manchester, :Md., 1910—1915 New Y^ork City, Good Shepherd, 1916. Baltimore, Atonement, 1917 — 1920 Lemoyne, Pa 1903—1906 New Castle, Pa., 1906—1911 CLERICAL ROLL FOR THE CENTENNLVL YEAR. 183 Entered Nome Mi)iifiir)i Lontlienii.-m, ('. (V., 1902'. . Leddin, P. D., 1900. . Manken, H., Jr., 1902.. McCauley, V., 1898. McDowell, S. J., 1891. McLiiin, M. E., 1886. Meyer, F. W., .1897. Miller, L. F., 1897. Miller, P. H., T). D., ..1874. Miller, R. J 1899. Miller, Y., D.D 1861. Miniiick, W. G., 1892. Moser, J. S., 1878. ^fiiniford. Tarl 1905. Newcomer, H. D., 1897 Pastorate Tear Yandergrift, Pa., 1911 — 1916 Manchester, Md., 1916— Ellenville, N. Y., New River, Ya., Herkimer, N. Y., Washington, St. John 's, Oneonta, N. Y., 1903—1908 Baltimore, St. Luke's, 190S— 1918 Washington, Incarnation, 191S — Guntur, India, 1S98— Frieshurg, N. J., 1892—1898 Sharpslnirg, Pa., 1S98— 1900 Miss. Supt., Pitt. Synod 1900—1902 Home Mission Secretary, 1902 — 191.3 Baltimore, Third " 1915— _ Union Bridge, Md 1886-1890 Lovettsville, Ya., 1890-1896 Bloomsburg, Pa., 1896-19(13 Apollo, Pa. 1903—1910 Grafton, Pa 1910-1919 Woodbine, Md 1919— Ravenswood, Ghicago, 111., 1897 — 1903 " No. 111. Svu. MiFsionarv, 1903—1904 Williamsport, Pa., . . ." 1904 — 1908 Baltimore, Emmanuel, 1908 Inner Mission Society, 1908-1918 Loyettsyille, Ya., . ." 1919— . Piedmont, W. Ya., 1898-1904 Baltimore, Bethany 1906 — Aurora, W. Ya., . .' 1874 — 1875 Grafton, W. Ya., 1875—1876 Loyettsyille, Ya 1876—1887 Westminster, Md., 1887—1911 Lilly, Pa., 1911—1912 Baltimore, Concordia, 1912 — . Sparrow 's Point, 1900—19(12 Baltimore, Our Sayiour 1902 — . Fayettsville, Pa 1862-1871 Glearspring, Md., 1877 Leiterslnirg, Md., 1881—1914 . Mount Joy, Pa., 1893—1907 ' Baltimore^ Concordia, 1907 — 1909 Cumberland, St. John's, 1910—1914 Laurayille, INfd., 1918— . Mount Jackson, Ya., 1878—1883 Selwood, S. C, 1884 Madison County, Ya., 188.5—1888 Richmond, Ya., 1888-1891 San Francisco, Cal., 1892—1893 Riverside, Cal., 189.3—1896 . Trenton, N. J., 1906—1907 Littlestown, Pa., 1907-1910 Mount Union, Pa., 1910-1916 Baltimore, Messiah, 1916 — Allentown, Pa., 1898—1904 Silver Run, 1904—1905 Baltimore, Grace, 1905—1916 184 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Knicnd NiiiHc 'Sf'uiixlni Newcomer, H. D., 1897.. Nicholas, S. T., D.D., .1892.. Null, A. G., 1904. . Ott, J. W., D.D., 1900. . Patterson, E. S., D.D., .1891. . Petrea, B. E., . . Pieper, C, . .1913. . .1910. Poffenherger, R. S., . . .1904. Quay, P. W., 1916. Reinewald, C, D.D., ..1887. Eemsberg, W. L., 1877. Rudisill, M. L., 1904. Rupley, J. B., 191.". Rupp, IT. S. G., D.D., . .1892. Saltzgiver, W. E., 1914. Seabrook, W. L., 1889. Schmidt, R., 1889. Schmitt, K. W., ,1906. Pastorate Year . A'an Wert, Ohio, 1916—1919 Inner ^Mission Society, 1919 — . Pittsburgh, Pa., 189.3—1905 Middletown, Pa., 1905—1913 Washington, D. C, Keller 1913— . Pikeland, Pa., 1905—1907 Fairmont, W. Ya 1907—1908 Jefferson, Md., 1908-1914 Petersburg, Pa., 1914—1917 Ellieott City, Md., 1917— . Grand Rapids, Mich., 1900—1907 Hagerstown, St. Mark's, 1907 — . Woodsboro, Md., 1892—1900 Berlin, Pa., 1900—1907 Philadelphia, Pa., 1907—1908 Coatesville, Pa., 1908—1913 Charlotte, N. C, 1913— 1917 Woodsboro, Md., 1917 — . Wytheville, Va., 1913—1919 Uniontown, Md., 1919— . Aurora, Ind., 1910—1912 Cullman, Ala 1912—1917 Baltimore, St. Stephens', 1917— , Woodsboro, Md., 1905-1917 , Reisterstown, Md., 1917 — , Braddock, Pa., 1888—1892 Emmitsburg, Md., 1892— Princeton, 111., 1877—1882 Oregon, 111., 1882—1886 South Dixon, 111 1886—1888 Beatrice, Neb., .' 1889—1894 Omaha, Neb., 1894—1896 Myersville, Md., 1896—1902 Shanksville, Pa., 1902—1903 Santa Barbara, Cal., 1903—1908 Funk.stown, Md., 1908— New Paris, Pa., 1906—1908 Sabillasville, Md., 1908—1910 Gerrardstown, W. Ya., 1917 — Boonsboro, Md., 1916-1918 Washington, D. C., St. Ylark's, .1918- Fort Washington, Pa., 1893 — 1896 Baltimore, Reformation, 1896—1910 Frederick, Md 1910— Uniontown, Md., 1915—1918 Fullerton, Md., 1918- Wichita, Kan., 1889—1890 Abilene, Kan 1890—1895 Winchester, Ya., 189.5—1902 Newberry, S. C, 1902—1907 Deer Park Road, Md., 1907 — Hagerstown, St. Matthew's, 1889—1892 Baltiiuore, Friedens, 1892—1898 Beardstown, 111., 1898—1904 Syracuse, N. 1^, 1904-1912 Washington, D. C, Zion, 1912— Home Missionary, 1907 — 1916 Baltimore, Salems, 1916— CLERICAI. ROLL FOR THE CENTENNIAL YEAR. 185 Knfercd Name Ministr/i Settlemeyer, W. H 1869. . Shilke, C. A., . . . . Sieber, L. L., D.D. .1914. .1870. Simon, J. R., D.D., ....1SS9. Slaybangh, G. W., 1874. Spangler, W. M., 187(5. Stouffer, P. S., . 1 S(i9 . Steek, C. F., D.D., , 1889 . Teufel, CM 190.5. Traver, S., 1892. Turner, J. H., D.D., ..1869. Twele, J. C, 1897. Past or air Year . Xovth Liberty, Iowa, 1870—1873 Wilmore, Iowa, 1874 — 1878 Jefferson, Md., 1878—1886 Staunton, Va., 1886—1888 Eockwood, Pa., 1 888—1893 Friend's Cove. Pa., 1893—1896 Idaville, Pa 1896—1899 . Walkersville, Md 1915- . Lavansville, Pa., 1876—1882 Polo, 111., 1882—1885 Connellsville, Pa., 1885—1890 Lewisburg, Pa., 1890—1895 Gettysburg, Pa., 189.5-1918 Baltimore, Luther Memorial, ...1918 — . ITrbana, Ohio 1889—1891 New Philadelphia, Ohio 1891—1893 San Francisc-o, Cal., 1893—1895 Cleveland. Ohio, 1895—1896 Cincinnati, Ohio, 1896—1902 Hagerstown, Trinitv, 1902 — . Mount Zion, Ohio, ." 1874—1877 Xew Kingston, Pa., 1877—1881 . Jennerstown. Pa 1876—1882 Pleasant Yallev 1882—1888 Accident, Md., 1888—1891 Glasgow, Pa., 1891—1896 Salona. Pa 1896—1900 Williamsburg. Pa 1900—1903 Beaver Springs, Pa., 1903—1907 Seven Valleys, Pa., 1907—1911 Xew Florence, Pa., 1911—1913 Kimberton, Pa 1913—1914 IIam])stead. Md., 1914—1919 . Luthersburg, Pa 1871—1872 Clarion Countv, Pa., 1872—1873 Centerville, Pa., 1873—1876 Bedford Countv, Pa., 1876—1880 Piedmont, W. Ya., 1880—1882 Tenners, Pa., 1883—1887 Donegal, Pa., 1887—1893 Favette Countv, Pa., 1803-1902 ITnionville. Ontario, 1902—1906 llampstead, ^^Id 1906—1908 Accident. Md 1909-1910 . Muncie. Ind 1889-1891 Louisville, Kv., 1892—1898 Springfield, Ohio, 1899—1903 Frederick, Md., 1903—1910 Washington, D. C. Epiphany, ..1910 — . East Pittsburgh, Pa 1907—1909 Pittsburgh, Pa 1909—1918 Middletown. Md 1918— . Westminster, Salem, 1917—1920 . Blacksburg, Va 1872—1876 Burkittsville. Md 1876—1880 Lutherville Seminary, 1880—1908 . Harford Co., Md., .'. Baltimore, Frieden's, 186 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Nntnu Twele, J. v., . . Uhler, G. I., Entered Ministn/ . ..1897. ,1897 Uniberger, .T. B., 1889. Wade, J. P., ,1891 Wade, W. A., 1904. Wagner, F. R., 1900. Waltemyer, W. C, 1910. Waring, L. H., Pli.D., .1895. Weaver, F. II., 1875. Weber, H. H., D.D., ..1884. Weidley, J., D.D., 1890. Wentz, A. E., Ph.D., . .1906. Wickey, N. J. G., 1914. Wiles, C. P., D.D., 1895. Will, F. L., .1912. Past orate Year , Frosthiirg, Evangelical, Brazil, Tnd., Plymouth, Pa., Jonesboro, III., New Memphis, Iowa, 191(i — 1917 Washington, I). ('., 8t. .Tohn's, . .1917— .Oakland, M.l., 1898—1902 Sparrow's Point, Md., 1902—1912 Wilmington, Del., 1912—1915 Jefferson, Md., 1915— . Oberlin, Kansas, 1889—1891 New Cambria, Kansas, 1891—189:^. Effingham, Kansas, 1893—1895 Ottawa, Kansas, 1895— 189S Harshman, O., 1899—1900 Leetonia, O., 1900—19(12 Osnaburg, 1902—1905 Williamsburg, Pa., 1905—1911 Walhalla, S. C 1911-1915 Myersville, St. John 's, 1915 — . Capon, Va., 1890—1895 Floyd, Va., 1895—1898 Davidson, N. C, 1898—1905 Capon, Va., 1905-1908 Eglon, W. Va., 1908—1912 Doubs, Md., 1912—1917 . Piedmont, W. Va., 190.5—1909 Lionville, Pa., 1909—1912 Wai-hington, St. Mark's, 1912—1918 Baltimore, Holy Comforter, . . . .1918 — . Frostburg, Md'., 1901-1910 Huntingdon, Pa., 1910—1920 Martinsburg, W. Va., 1920 — .Landisville, Pa., 1911— 191.S Butler, Pa., 1913— 191(i Thurmont, Md 191G— . Lovettsville, Va., 1896-1899 Scranton, Pa., 1899—1902 Georgetown, 1). C, 1906—1916 . Grafton, W. Va., 1876—1877 IT. S. A. Chaplain, 1880—1897 . Baltimore, Grace, 1885—1889 Home Mission Secretary, 1889 — . Pittsburgh, Pa., 1891—1906 Washington, Reformation, 1906 — . Gettysburg, Pa., College, 1909—1916 Gettysburg, Pa., Seminary, 1916 — . Georgetown, D. C, 1916-1917 . Rossville, Pa 1896-1901 Pittsburgh, Pa 1901—1908 Washington, Keller, 1908—1913 Editor S. S. Lit., 1913— . Wilmerding, Pa., 1913—1916 Cleveland, Ohio, 1916—1917 Derry, Pa., 1917—1918 Boonsboro, Md., 1918 — CLERICAL ROLL FOR THE CENTENNLA.L YEAR. 187 Name Willi?, J., Fntered Miiiistni .. .1876. . Wiseman, D. E. Wolf, A. G., . . D.D. ,1884. .1889. Zimmerman, L. M., D.D., 1886. Fastoraie ^ear . Strasburg, Va., 1877—1882 Staunton Seminary, Ya., 1882— 189o Myersville, Md., 1906— . Washington, Redeemer, 1884 — . Aaronsburg, Pa., 1890-1899 McConnellsbnrg, Pa., 1900—1906 West Fairview, Pa., 1906—1917 Silver Run, Md., 1917— . Baltimore, Christ, ^887 The next five chapters (XIIT-XVIT) present historical sketches of the congregations of the Synod. These sketches are grouped according to Conferences, beginning with the Eastern Confer- ence, continuing with the Middle and Western Conferences, and concluding with the Mountain Conference. The Eastern Conference, because of its size, is spread over two chapters, one embracing the churches of Baltin.ore and vicin- ity, including all of Baltimore County except Arcadia, the other embracing the churches of Washington and vicinity. The chapter on the Middle Conference embraces the churches of Carroll and Frederick Counties, and includes Lovettsville, Virginia. The chapter of the Western Conference sets forth the churches in Washington County and also includes Waynesboro, Martinsburg, and Garrardstown. The chapter on the Mountain Conference embraces the churches of Cumberland and Frostburg. Within the separate Conferences the congregations and charges are arranged in alphabetical order. Where more than one church is located in the same city, as in Baltimore, Washington, Hagers- town, and Cumberland, the churches appear in the order of their age. A means of ready reference to individual congregations is found in the indexes at the end of the volume. CHAPTER XIII. THE CHT ARCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. THE FIRST LUTIIEKAX (^HURCH OF BALTIMORE, Ml). Rev. Ezra K. Bdl, D.J)., Pa.sfor The early Lutheran Churches in Baltimore City were German, and all services for a period of nearly 100 years were conducted exclusively in the German languag-e. That an English Church should be founded to meet the changing- conditions was most likely the opinion of Dr. J. D. Kurtz, pastor of Zion German, then a Lutheran Church whose members were instrumental in organizing the First English Church. Dr. Kurtz was pastor of Zion Church for fifty years — took part in the organization of the Maryland Synod, assisted in the organization of the General Synod, presided at the preliminary meeting, and was the second president of that body. While he could not openly advocate in that day the use of the English language, yet he undoubtedly gave much private encouragement to the new enterprise. When he retired from the pastorate of Zion, he became a communicant member of the First Church. On October 27, 1823, a meeting was held in the house of David Bixler, on Howard Street, when the matter of organizing an English Lutheran Church was considered. The men present at that meeting were David Bixler, John Reese, Thomas Henning, Michael Klinefelter, George Stonebraker, Joshua Medtart, Jacob Deems and Frederick Seyler. Subscriptions were taken and the Synod was informed of their action. A letter was sent to the German Lutheran Church soliciting aid in the erection of a house of worship. It does not appear that any public preaching serv- ices were held until in August, 1824, when the Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, of Martinsburg, at their urgent request, spent several days with them. A committee was appointed to rent a 189 -■ -J >' te <^ H H O f a THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 191 room in which to hokl religious services and secure a k)t on which to erect a permanent house of worship. Followiuw this, during a period of about seven months the little flock enjoyed the pas- toral services of the Rev. Jacob Medtart. During the erection of a church building which was dedicated on May 28, 1826, the congregation had no settled pastor. On December 17, 1826, the Rev. John G. Morris, then a student at Gettysburg, preached his first sermon and became pastor. A Sunday school was organized and within a few years the church was enlarged to accommodate the growing congregation. The following were present at the first connnuniou on June 8, 1827: Andrew Walter, David Bixler, John Reese, Anthony Groverman, Erasmus Euler, Frederick Seller, John Brown, Josei)h Clark, David Martin, William Ross, John Schrimer, Abel D. (*hase, T. Sederberg, Jesse Reifsn3'der, John S. Bridges, Augustus Hack, William Hack, Garrett Altvater, Magdalena Bixler, Elizabeth Wehrley, Catharine Uhler, Ellen Brown, Catharine Martin, Rochena Utz, Ann Wampler, Margaret Bauer, Rachel Walte- myer, Elizabeth Bruner, Mrs. Moal, Mrs. Deems, Elizabeth Brien, Mary Deems, Mary Bixler, Ann Simpson, and Isabella Altvater. For more than 33 years Dr. Morris ministered to the congrega- tion. He was one of the most widely known and influential min- isters in the city. Under his ministry and with his cooperation, a mission was very early started at Canton, a colony established the Second Church on Lombard Street, and a Sunday school was organized on Monument Street, out of which the Third Church grew. The former was projected in January, 1841, the latter during the same year. The General Synod was entertained by the First Church twice during the pastorate of Dr. Morris, in May, 1841, and June, 1843. Upon the retirement of Dr. Morris in 1860, two candidates were considered for his successor. One was the amiable and scholarly Dr. Theophilus Stork, and the other the "silver- tongued orator," Dr. John McCron, then pastor of the Third Church. Many meetings were held, and votes were cast for these two candidates. More than seventy ballots were cast without an election. The advocates of Dr. McCron were nuich in the major- ity, but were not quite able to muster the two-thirds vote re- quired. Finally it was moved that Dr. McCron be engaged to supply the pulpit indefinitely, which was carried by a majority vote. ] 92 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Dr. McCron accepted, and became in this irregular way the pastor of the church. The friends of Dr. Stork to the number of 96, withdrew and organized St. Mark's Church and Dr. The- ophilus Stork became pastor. All of the Sunday school ofHcers and teachers with one exception withdrew under the leadership of the superintendent, Dr. W. W. Kemp. But the congregation soon rallied and then began that generous rivalry and mutual emulation that made for the development and strength of two of the largest and most influential congregations in the Lutheran Church in this country, the First and St. Mark's. Located in the heart of the city, the First Church, under Drs. Morris and McCron, attained a position of prominence. The cla.ssic Colonial Building- on Lexington Street was one of the no- table structures of the eit.y. Lender the eloquent preaching of Dr. McCron, large congregations were attracted to the services. The personnel of the membership included many of the best families in the city. After a pastorate of nearly twelve years, Dr. McCron was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Joseph H. Barclaj^ D.D., who was installed by Dr. Morris, July 29, 1872. During his first year, the Book of Worship and full service were introduced. Extensive improve- ments were undertaken but before these improvements were com- pleted the entire church building and adjoining- parsonage were completely destroyed by tire. The church records contain the following brief minute of the calamity wdiich befell the congrega- tion : "Baltimore, July 25, 1873 — A disastrous fire broke out this day at about 10 o'clock a. m., in an establishment in the rear of the First Church, Baltimore, which spread with great rapidity, consuming the church and parsonage, together with the greater part of the adjoining property. "Our holy and our beautiful house where our fathers praised Thee is burned up with fire and all our pleasant things are laid waste." — 0. F. Lantz. The pastor's sermon at the first service held after the fire was preached from this very suggestive and appropriate text. A committee was immediately appointed to select a lot in a more residential section of the city. This committee consisted of L. Z. Coll, E. D. Miller, Samuel Appold, Jacob Ehrman, Charles R. Collada}' and Oliver F. Lantz. Six weeks later the present THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 193 site was selected, the purchase price being' $12,000, under a ground rent. The old lot was sold for $29,500. It is regretted by many that the old site in the center of the city was not retained. A central church, within easy reach of the hotels and for use on general occasions would now be a distinct gain in many ways. Perhaps a new site would not have been chosen had it not been that St. Mark's was then located on Eutaw Street, only a few squares away. The corner stone was laid on Easter Monday, 1874, Dr. Charles A. Stork, pastor of St. Mark's, delivering the address. On Janu- ary 3, 1875, the first service was hehl in the lecture room of the new church, and on September ID, the edifice was dedicated, the sermon being preached by the Rev. Dr. A. C. Wedekind, of New York. The money expended was more than $100,000. The church building is of beautiful white marble and the audience and Sunday school rooms are excej^tional in their proportions and arrangement. The church auditorium in its graceful Gothic architecture with its well-nigh perfect acoustics and its distinctly Lutheran appointments has been pronounced one of the most at- tractive to be found anywhere. During Dr. Barclay's pastorate, on October 4, 1875, the first young people's society was organ- ized, and in May, 1880, the Woman's Home and Foreign Mis- sionary Society was organized. Dr. Barclay resigned December 19, 1881, and the Rev. Dr. M. W. Hamma, of Brooklyn, New York, was elected pastor. He was installed on November 19, 1882, Drs. Morris, Scholl, and Clutz officiating. During Dr. Hamma 's pastorate a number of excellent families were received into the membership. The con- stitution was revised and up-to-date financial methods were in- troduced, those for benevolence being especially effective. Mis- sionary interest was quickened, wliile a Home and Foreign Mis- sion Band was organized. Failing health of both Dr. Hamma and his wife led to his res- ignation after a pastorate of four years. On October 11, 1886, the Rev. A. H. Studebaker, of Harrisburg, was elected pastor, and he was installed on December 12. Dr. Studebaker 's min- istry was characterized from the first by exceptional publicity methods, which drew unusually large congregations. He was undoubtedly, in that day, one of the most resourceful church ad- vertisers in the country. Large numbers of members of other churches and strangers attended his services. Under his direc- 13 J'lR.ST liUTHERAN ChUBCH BaLTUIOKE, Md. THE CHURCHEH OF BAl/riMORK AND VICINITY. 195 tion the chancel of the church was remodeled in Lutheran form, the altar put in place and the lectern, a bronze heroic figure of the Angel holding the everlasting Gospel, costing $2,500, added to the chancel furnishings. Dr. Studebaker's resignation took effect June 15, 1899. July 3, the Rev. Ezra K. Bell, D.D., supplied the pulpit, and on July 19 was elected pastor. He was installed November 5, by Drs. Albert and Freas. On November 25, 1900, the seventh-fifth anniversary of the church was celebrated, the pastor preaching in the morning and Dr. M. W. Hamma in the evening. Nearly nine thousand dollars were contributed toward the cancellation of an indebtedness of $12,000. Electric lights were installed in October, 1901, and the lecture and Sunday school rooms were frescoed and refurnished. In June, 1903, the congregation with the coiiperation of the other Lutheran Churches entertained the General Synod. Clerical vestments were introduced the same year and the support of a foreign pastor, the first in the General Synod, was undertaken. During the autumn of 1907 new art glass figure windows, rep- resenting events in the life of Christ, were placed in the vesti- bules and auditorium, a mural painting placed over the reredos, new massive hymn tablets erected and a beautiful facsimile in marble, made in Italy, of Thorwaldsen 's angel baptismal font, presented by Dr. Hamma, was placed at the entrance to the chan- cel. All of these memorials were presented by members of the congregation and cost in the aggregate about $15,000. The church was greatly beautified, the audience room being without question, and so pronounced by people who have travelled widely, one of the most beautiful in the world. The First Church has taken a leading part in the planting of new congregations in the city and vicinity. It has aided almost every new congregation financially and given many new mem- bers. A large number of new members were added during the past synodical year and the contributions of the congregation amounted to nearlv $20,000. ] !>(i HISTOKY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. THE .SECOND LUTllEKAN CllUKCll OF BALTIMOEE, MD. licv. Joel E. Gnihh, Pastor "Born in a revival" fitly describes the beginning of the Second English Evangelical Lntheran Church of Baltimore During the wave of religious feeling and thought that swept over the City of Baltimore during the winter of 1839- '40, there was sown the seed that quickly sprang up and bore fruit in the establishment of the Second Church. The First English Lutheran Church, then fourteen years old, stood on Lexington Street, east of Howard. At a meeting held there on April 6, 1840, it was deter- mined to establish a second Lu- theran enterprise, to be located in a southwesterly direction from the mother church. On December 18, 1840, the following church council was elected to serve the new church for one year : Elders. Thomas Stow, Joel Wright, John Mahaney and William Bridges ; Deacons, James Getty and Charles D. Ilinks ; Trustees, George Stonebraker, Benjamin Deford and Peter IMason. On January 14, 1841. a constitution was adopted, and on the twenty-eighth of the same month, ]Mr. William Bridges was elected the first treasurer of the church, which position he held continuously until 1875. No definite location for the church had yet been decided upon, but on February 18, 1841, the present site was leased. Ground was soon broken, and in ]\Iay following, during a meeting of the General Synod, the corner stone was laid, the Rev. Dr. Baugher delivering the address. It was not until September, 1842, how- ever, that the main audience room was ready for occupancy, and five months later before the lecture rocmi could be used. During the month of October, 1842, the Sunday school was organized and Mr. James Getty elected superintendent. As is usually the case with ne^Y churches, the problem of finances was a troublesome one. Every dollar that could be Eev. Joel E. Grubb. THE CHURCHES OF UALTIMORE AND VICEMTY. 197 raised was absorbed in the eost of the building, and but little could be spared to pay a pastor. A temporary arraugemeut was made iu August. 1842. with tlie Rev. Charles P. Krauth — then fresh from the Seminary at Gettysljurg — to serve the church at a salary of $350 per annum. This continued for nearly a year, until June, 1843, at which time, according to the records, "pros- pects having brightened somewhat, the Rev. C. P. Krauth was elected permanent pastor, at a salary of $450 per annum." Secoxii LrruKKAX Ciurch, Baltimore, Md From this time forward the newly-estalilislied church seems to have prospered. Although it was a struggle for a while, all obstacles were overcome by the faithful perseverance of the little band who were then starting out on the road which we of to-day are Still pursuing. AVhile they have all passed on to the Better Land, we are continually in the presence of that nobler part of 1!)(S UISTOKV OK .MARYLAND SYXOD. Uieiii wliicli can never die, but whieh lives on because it has be- come an integral part of the woi'k to which they gave the labor of their lives. Second Church has in its list of pastors some of the greatest names of the Lutheran Church in America. Following is the list : Rev. C. P. Krauth, D.D., LL.D., 1842-47 ; Rev. Charles H. Ewing, 1848-52; Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, D.D., LL.D., 1852-58; Rev. Charles H. Hersh, 1859-60; Rev. Joel Schwartz, D.D., 1860-65; Rev. Irving Magee, D.D., 1866-68; Rev. Edmund J. Wolf, D.D., 1868-70; Rev. George Scholl, D.D., 1874-84; Rev. Luther Kuhl- man, D.D., 1885-88; Rev. Sylvanus Stall, D.D., 1888-91; Rev. George W. Miller, D.D.. 1891-1916. and Rev. Joel E. Grubb from 1916 to the present time. The church edifice cost originally about $11,000. Over $25,000 was spent, however, during the first fifty years in improvements and repairs. On January 12, 1907, fire of unknown origin com- pletely destroyed the building, leaving only the four walls stand- ing. The council at once addressed itself to the task of rebuild- ing. Over $10,000 was subscribed in a short while by the con- gregation, which, together with the insurance and several special contributions, brought the amount available up to nearly $30,000. With this the whole building was remodeled and beautified, and needed additions, such as the ladies' parlor and the gymnasium, were made. Through the generosity of Mr. George W. Watts, of Durham, North Carolina, a former member of the church, still interested in its welfare, we were enabled in May, 1917, to purchase a parsonage, located at 818 Hollins Street. This was presented to the church by Mr. Watts as a memorial to his mother and father, both of whom were lifelong members of the church. In round figures, over two hundred thousand dollars have been spent in running expenses of the church, while probably seventy- five thousand dollars have been contributed to benevolence by the church and its various organizations during the seventy-five years of her existence. Seven sons have been sent into the ministry, and through them the influence of the Second Church has been carried to the four points of the compass. These are: Rev. William L. Ileuser, Newark, Ohio; Rev. W. Morgan Cross, Greencastle, Pa.; Rev. August Pohlman, ]\[.D., D.D., Philadel- phia, Pa. ; Rev. Frederick W. Meyer, Baltimore, Md. ; Rev. Otto Bregenzer, Bridgeton, N. J. ; Rev. Frederick C. Sternat, Abbotts- town, Pa., and Rev. William E. Wheeler, St. Louis, Mo. The membership at organization was seventeen. To-day it numbers about five hundred. It has been said that a force, once THE oiiui«;hes of Baltimore and vicinity. 11)!> brought into being, never eeases to exist. Certainly this is true of the worlv of this chureh. Through so many channels has her influence l)een diffused, that should we raze the building and dis- band the congregation, the force brought into being seventy-live years ago would go on unceasingly in ever-widening circles from new centers of influence. To follow the many threads of use- fulness that have started with Lombard Street as their center, we should be led not only to the ends of the continent, but beyond — even across the trackless ocean. There, like sparks that have broken from a central fire, which, carried in every direction, have been fanned into living flames themselves, we should find count- less activities, all of which owe their existence in part, if not entirely, to the influence of our beloved church. Truly, this work, started amid difficulties and trials three-quarters of a century ago, can never die ; it will go on and on, until its full measure is seen and known in the lioundless realms of eternity. THE THIRD LUTHERAN CHURCH OF BALTIMORE, MD. Eev. 8. J. McDowell, D.D., Pastor The Third Evangelical Lutheran Church of Baltimore grew out of a Sunday school started by the pastor of the First Church and some of his most interested parishioners. Rev. John G. INIorris, D.D., LL.D.. then pastor, shared with some of his best members the feeling that the section of the city east of Jones' Falls known as "Old Town" should have a Lutheran chureh. "I was ambitious," said the Doctor, in an address to the congre- gation upon the occasion of its fiftieth anniversary, ' ' to have the name and influence of the Lutheran Church extended, and cheer- fully parted with some very good members to accomplish this. ' ' The school was started some time during the year 1841 and with thirty-six persons present out of the thirty-eight who had been found in the house-to-house canvass, and who had been promised for the school should one be opened. "Al- most all of Old Town was monopolized by the Methodists," says the Doctor, "and some faint-hearted people predicted our failure." The school was started in a private house on Hillen Street near IMonument and grew very encouragingly from the very beginning. No records seem to have been kept of the place of meeting, the month of the year when organized, or any other matters of interest connected with the opening of the school. Not even Dr. Morris himself could recall either the exact m Ed Till': CIIURCHKS OF HALTIiMOKl': AND VICINITY. 201 house ill which the sehool first met, or the date of organizing, when these were sought fifty years later. The first superintendent of the school was the aged Charles Hinks, a member of First Church. Pastor Morris speaks of him as "an active and intelligent member of my church who con- sented to take charge of the infant enterprise until some other competent leader could be found." A few months later Super- intendent Hinks, because of infirmities of age, retired and a young man by the name of William A. Wisong succeeded him. Superintendent Wisong was a man of unusual religious zeal and very resourceful in the handling of children. Under his man- agement the school eventually grew to be the largest Sunday school in the entire State of Maryland. It is said to have had an enrollment of twelve hun- dred when at the height of its prosperity. Mr. Wisong was succeeded by Mr. John H. Leonhardt ; he in turn by Mr. Henry C. Hiiies, who is still treasurer of the school, and he by Mr. J. Fred Bregel, the present incumbent. The private-home ((uarteis was soon outgrown and the congregation moved into a "school house on or near Gay Street below Monument" in 1842. "The school," wrote the Rev. William A. Passa- vant, D.D., its first pastor, "was a perpetual inspira- tion." It was in the summer of 1842 that the lot upon which the present church building stands was leased, and the contract was let for "the erection of a neat one-story chapel." This chapel, with a seating capacity of a little less than three hundred, was dedicated on a Sunday afternoon late in August or early in September, 1843 ; and the school w^as immediately transferred from the public school building to its newly-provided chapel home. The actual organizing of the congregation seems to have taken place at a meeting ' ' about the close of January ; ' ' but the first record of members received is : February 2, 1843. Eleven char- ter members, — three men and eight women, composed the list. Turd TjUtherax Church, Baltimcre, Ml). 202 HISTORY OF MARYfiAND SYNOD. The new cliurcli lioiue \v;is known as Luther Cliapc^l, a name it retained until replaced by the jjresent brick structure during the pastorate of Rev. A. W. Lill.\', D.D., when the name was changed to that which the congregation still bears. In the seventy-six years of its history the ('(mgregatiou has liad the services of twelve pastors. The following table shows the order in which these served, as well as the length of time. Much of real and special interest could be said about some of these earlier pastorates, or about the unusually long one so recently closed, but allotted space will not permit. It is in the self-sacri- ficing zeal, the wise forbearance, the painstaking devotion of some of these fathers in our Zion that the explanation of the growth and influence of the congregation is to be found. Pastors. Rev. William A. Passavant, D.D. ..Was pastor from Oct., 1842, Until May, 1844 Rev. Bignal Appleby Was pastor from .June. 1844. Until June, 184.5 Rev. James A. Brown, D.D., Was pastor from Jan.. 1846, Until July, 1847 Rev. Peter Anstadt. D.D Was pastor from June. 1848, Until July, 1851 Rev. A. W. Lilly, D.D Was pastor from Oct., 1851, Until May, 1855 Rev. John McCron, D.D Was pastor from 1855 Until 1859 Rev. Samuel Sprecher, Jr., D.D., . . Was pastor from Oct., 1860. Until Oct., 1862 Rev. Henry Bishop Was pastor from Nov., 1863, Until July, 1866 Rev. John G. Morris, D.D. , LL.D., .Was pastor from Sept., 1867. Until Nov., 1873 Rev. Uriel Graves Was pastor from Mar., 1874, Until July, 1876 Rev. I. Calvert Burke, D.D Was pastor from Feb., 1877, Until July, 1915 Rev. S. J. McDowell, D.D. Was installed Nov. 21, 1915. The present church building was erected during the pastorate of the Rev. A. W. Lilly, D.D., and was dedicated in 1852. It was enlarged fifteen or more years later during the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Morris. During the pastorate of Rev. I. Calvert Burke, D.D., it was thoroughly remodeled and changes made to the main entrance and in the school room at a cost of nearly $10,000. Dur- ing the present pastorate it was again remodeled at a cost of $5,000. In the summer of 1885 the congregation emulated the example of the old mother congregation and sent out a number of its good members to help organize a mission in southeast Baltimore. This mission school soon grew into the present Grace Church, located at Gough. Street and Broadway. Five years later the east Balti- more territory, largely cared for by the Third Church, was still further divided by the formation of another mission to be known as the Church of the Reformation, which eventually located at Lanvale and Caroline Streets. Five of the sons of the congregation have entered the Lutheran ministry: Rev. Albert 0. IMullen, now pastor of the large congre- gation at Spring Grove, Pennsylvania ; Rev. Philip H. R. Mullen, his brother, pastor of the vigorous young congregation at Swiss- vale, Pennsylvania; Rev. Charles .7. Ilines, the present ]iastor of THE CHURCHES OF BAETIMOKE AND VICINITY. 203 the fortiiiiately-located Emnianiicl Clmreli of this city; Hcv. W. Claude Waltemyer, pastor of the okl congregation at Thurniont, Maryland, and Rev. Harry Goedek(% who graduated from the Theological Seminary at CTettysl)nrg in ^lay. 1919. was ordained in the following Septemher, and sailed in November under ap- pointment as a missionary to our Guntur field in India. This splendid field for a Lutheran church began to undergo some very marked changes about the year 1910, and it became evident that the Third Church was destined soon to be known as ' ' one of our down-town churches. ' ' Many of its oldest and most faithful families began to seek homes in the ever-growing suburbs, and the newcomers in the immediate community were almost invariably families of foreign birth, largely Jews and Italians. Then the colored people began to encroach more and more upon the district until now it is recognized as a typical "down-town" district. However, moving out of the immediate neighborhood of the church did not, as a rule, mean leaving the old Tliird Church, and her communicant membership is still a little beyond the six hundred mark, and the life of the congrega- tion is still unabated and decidedly encouraging. Thus far the idea of abandoning its present church home has not even been thought of. much less discussed by council or congregation. The older members are faithful in their attendance at church services. and new families within walking distance of the church are con- stantly being found, so that the annual accessions are still in ex- cess of the losses, and the usefiilness of the Third Church, even in her present location, seems to stretch on into the future for a few more decades at least. ST. STEPHEN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. F. Ph. Hennigkausen, D.D., Pastor Emeritus Bev. Christian Pieper, Pastor It was Rev. Charles A. Meister, who in the fall of 1849, without any aid on the part of man, gathered a number of German resi- dents of South Baltimore and organized them into an Evan- gelical Lutheran congregation. In 1850 their first house of wor- ship was built at the northwest corner of Hanover and Hamburg Streets. In 1851 the congregation, under the pastorship of Rev. A. 0. Brickman, was incorporated as the "German Evangelical Lutheran St. Stephen 's Congregation. ' ' The congregation formed then already a part of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Marj-- KU HISTORY OP MARYF.AND SYNOD. land; it numbered at this time twenty-two votinji' members. Jn 1852 both a Sunday school and a parochial school were opened and a school house erected in the rear of the church. Rev. J. H. jMengert followed as pastor in 1852, Rev. Brickmann having resigned to the general regret of the people. The school house had to be enlarged during 1854, but Rev. Mengert felt compelled to resign during the same year, the congregation not being able to give him sufifieient sui)port. Rev. W. Hoppe, who had recently graduated from the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg, became his successor and re- mained until October, 1861. In 1854 the first organ was bought at a cost of $880 ; a second new organ was bought in 1868, cost- Pev. F. Vh. Hexxighausex, D.D, liEV. Christiax Pieper. ing $1,700, and a third organ in 1894, costing $3,500. The pa- rochial school flourished until 1877, when German being intro- duced into a number of the public schools, most all parochial schools in the city were forced to close for want of scholars. Rev. L. F. Zimmerman became pastor of St. Stephen's Church in 1861. Congregation and school flourished for a while to such an extent that enlargement of both became necessary. Unfortu- nately, differences soon arose between pastor and people which terminated in the separation and the organization of a new con- gregation in the neighborhood. Both are flourishing at the pres- ent day and are on the best of terms. In October, 1864, Rev. F. Ph. Hennighausen, D.D., took charge. The debt then resting on the old church amounted to $2,660, but THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 200 was soon paid, especially by the aid of the Ladies' Aid and Young People's Societies. A few years later the church was renovated at an expense of $2,300. In 1884-85 the present church w^as erected at a cost of about $40,000. In October, 1899, it was renovated at a cost of about $1,200, and was renovated again in 1911 at a cost of about $4,000. The dedication of the present church took place October 4, 1885. On October 13, 1889, the congregation celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of their pastor in a truly grand style. The congregation has furnished two young men for the holy ministry, viz: Rev. Herman Kroh, I'ecently deceased, and Rev. George Beiswanger, of North ^Manchester. Indiana; and a third, Mr. Charles H. Corbett, is about to complete his course in the Seminary at Gettysburg. In 1893, the pastor, realizing the need of the younger members and considering the future welfare of the church, encouraged the intro- . duction of the English language in some of the regular services. This move met with strong opposition on the part of many of the elders, and even some of their chil- dren. Quite a number of families, very much to the regret of pastor and people, withdrew in consequence. For a time the English service w'as held every other Sunday evening, but since 1899 every evening service has been held in the English language and now perfect harmony prevails. From October 29 to November 1, 1899, the congregation cele- brated its Golden Jubilee, and from October 2 to 4, 1914, the congregation celebrated the Golden Jubilee of Dr. Hennighausen. On December 31, 1916, after having served St. Stephen's for St. Stephen 's Lutheran Church, Baltimore, AId. !!()() lllS'l'OKV UK AIAKYLANl) i^VNOl). more tliiiii fit'ty-two years, Dr. lleiiiiigliausen resijiiied. He was eU'cted pastor emeritus and awarded a pension for faithful serv- ice. A call was extended to Kev. Christian Pieper, B.D., on March 6. 1917. Rev. Pieper assumed charge on May 17 and was in- stalled on October 3, 1917. Dr. Heimighausen participated in the installation service of his successor. Rev. Christian Pieper came from Breklum Seminary in 1908 and graduated from Hamma Divinity School in 1910. ST. MARK'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Kev. Rohert D. Clare, D.D., Pastor On the evening of October 2'S, 1860, a portion of the members of the First English Lutheran Church of Baltimore met in the lecture room of the Second English Lutheran Church and or- ganized themselves into a new English Lutheran congregation which bore the name St. IMark's. The chairman of this meeting was Mr. George Slothower, and the secretary, Mr. Wm. H. James. The Rev. J. G. Butler, of Washington, D. C, conducted the re- ligious exercises. A formal written agreement, constituting the basis of organi- zation, was signed by ninety-four persons ; and after the ad- journment of the meeting, nineteen others added their names, thus bringing the total number up to one hundred and thirteen. Of this number one hundrcHl were communing members of the First Church. Immediately after the organization, the following provisional council was selected : George Slothower, Dr. William M. Kemp, A. J. Miller, J. T. H. Bringman, J. A. H. Becker and George W. Leisenring. This council was instructed to invite the Rev. Dr. Theophilus Stork to become pastor of the new congregation. During the last week in October the Third Presbyterian Church building on p]utaw Street, above Saratoga, was rented at $30 per month ; and an arrangement was made with the Pres- byterian congregation that the Sunday morning and Wednesday evening services be held jointly by the Lutherans and Presby- terians, the ministers of the two congregations officiating alter- nately, the Sunday evening service to be exclusively Lutheran, and the lecture room to be used on Sunday afternoon by the Lutheran Sunday school. Under this arrangement, the first religious service of St. IMark's was held Sunday evening, No- 208 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. veiuhcr 4, the Rev. Dr. J. G. IMorris i)reacliiiig tin appropriate sermon. The first Sunday sehool session was held November 11. with Dr. William ^I. Kemp as superintendent. November 26 a eonstitution was adopted and December 1 the Rev. Dr. Theophi- lus Stork took charge as pastor. In securing the pastoral services of Dr. Stork, the new con- gregation was particularly fortunate, for it meant the assurance of intelligent spiritual leadership from the very outstart. Dr. Stork was generally recognized as one of the most Scholarly preachers and theologians in the Lutheran Church. He had previously served the Lutheran Church in Winchester, Va. ; St. Matthew's, and also St. Mark's, in Philadelphia, Pa., and at the time of his election to St. Mark's, of Baltimore, he was the ef- ficient president of Newberry College, at Newberry, S. C. Immediately after the arrival of Dr. Stork, .steps were taken to secure a permanent church building, and in February, 1861. the Third Presbyterian Church, on Eutaw Street, was purchased at a cost of $10,500. Repairs, involving an expenditure of $1,2-11 were at once made, and on the 10th of JNIarch the congregation resumed services in the renovated edifice. Harmony of spirit, consecrated zeal and an intelligent organi- zation of congregational agencies characterized this church from its very beginning, and determined to a large extent the course of its entire future history. The first additions to the original membership were made at the Easter communion, March 31, 1861, five months from the inception, and numbered forty-five. Early in 1862 it was found desirable to secure an assistant for Dr. Stork. M'hose health was failing, and the congregation unanimously chose for this position the pastor's son, the Rev. Dr. Charles A. Stork, of Philadelphia, Pa. The latter preached his first sermon on the third Sunday of March, 1862, and was ordained in St. Mark's on November 17 of the same year. The Rev. Dr. Charles A. Stork had received his scholastic train- ing in the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, Hartwick Seminary, William's College and the Andover Theo- logical Seminary. Upon graduating from Andover he became professor of Greek in Newberry College, S .C, and at the time of his election as assistant pastor in St. INIark's he was in charge of the St. James Lutheran ^Mission, Philadelphia, Pa. He was a man of rare and splendid gifts, and during his years with St. :\Iark's he attained to a position of marked distinction among the Lutheran preachers of America. On jMay 25, 1865, Dr. Theophilus Stork felt obliged, on account of ill health, to resign. The congregation reluctantly accepted hif^ THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 209 resignation, and on June l-t his worthy son was inianiinously chosen pastor. The latter took charge July ] . Dr. Charles A. Stork, like his predecessor and successors in the pastoral office in St. Mark's, was an ardent supporter of the larger benevolent operations of the Church. In 1867-68. when the Jubilee of the Reformation was celebrated, the congregation made a special benevolent contribution of $2,481. of which amount $1,200 was given to establish the new St. Mark's Church in St. Louis. IMo. The Young People's Society, organized the St. IM ark's Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Maryland. same year, later assumed the permanent supi)ort of a native worker in India. On August 21, 1868, a parsonage at 76 X. Paca Street, was i)ur- chased at a cost of $7,000. In 1873 the church edifice on Eutaw Street was thoroughly remodeled. During the autumn months the congregation wor- shipped in the Masonic Temple. In January, 1874, the lecture room of the new building was opened for service, and on IMarch 8 the renovated church was rededicated. The entire cost of the work, with a new organ and furnishings, was $21,000. In the summer of 1881, Dr. Charles A. Stork was elected pro- fessor of didactic theology and chairman of the faculty of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. After due deliberation, he 14 210 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. accepted this position and resigned the pastorship of St. ^Mark's, preaching his last sermon in September, 1881. On September 14, 1881, the congregation elected the Rev. Dr. Charles S. Albert, of Carlisle, Pa., who entered upon the duties of his office November 5, 1881. Dr. Albert was a graduate of Pennsylvania College at Gettys- burg, and the Lutheran Theological Seminary in Philadelphia. He entered upon his ministry as assistant pastor of Trinity Lu- theran Church, Lancaster, Pa., and at the time of his call to St. Mark 's he was pastor of the First Lutheran Church, Carlisle, Pa. The new pastor was, in every sense of the word, a fitting suc- cessor to Dr. Stork. Ilis charming personality, consecrated spirit and scholarly ability are still held in fond remembrance by all who knew him. In April, 1883, the old parsonage, 76 N. Paca Street, was sold for $4,750, and on January 7, 1884, a new parsonage at 667 Franklin Street, was purchased for the sum of $6,500. On December 17, 1883, the congregation was saddened by the report of the death of Dr. Charles A. Stork, in Philadelphia. Memorial services were held on Sunday, December 30. In September, 1887. the first number of St. Mark's Qnarterhj was issued. This publication, which has continued up to the present time, has been a valued and important factor in the church's life. In October, 1888, the Common Service was introduced in the regular congregational worship. On November 26, 1888, the St. John's Circle of the King's Daughters was organized, and in April of the following year the Whatsoever Mission Band came into being. In January, 1893, the congregation adopted the weekly envelope system of church support. In October, 1893, Dr. Albert, having accepted an urgent call to become literary editor of the Lutheran Publication Society, pre- sented his resignation, and on November 26 he preached his last sermon as pastor. During Dr. Albert's pastorate the congrega- tion had made marked advance along all lines, as is indicated in part by the following summary: Infant baptisms, 309; acces- sions, by adult baptism, 16; by confirmation. 428; by certificate, 134; by restoration, 39; total, ()17. Contributions: for local support, $64,403; for benevolence, $95,611; total, $160,014. On February 28, 1894, the congregation chose the Rev. Dr. William H. Dunbar, at that time pastor of the Zion Lutheran Church, Lebanon, Pa. Dr. Dunbar accepted jNIarch 6, preached his first sermon May 6, and was installed June 7. Dr. Dunbar received his scholastic training in Pennsylvania Col- THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 211 lege and the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. His first charge was St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Easton, Pa. Early in his ministry his exceptional ability both as preacher and execu- tive was generally recognized by the Church at large, and when he came to this new field of labor, he brought with him a breadth of vision and a wealth of experience which were clearly reflected in all the sul)sequent years of his long and fruitful pastorate. Li September. 1894, the interests of the young people Avere further promoted by the organization of the Luther League, which has continued up to the present time. The growth of the congregation and changing conditions now rendered it desirable to secure a better site and a more modern and commodious church building. Accordingly, at the congrega- tional meeting, held on November 20, 1895, the congregation voted to select a new location. The present site on the corner of St. Paul and Twentieth Streets was purchased for $18,000. I\[ay 26, 1896, ground was broken ; August 1, the corner stone was laid and on November 6, 1898, the large and beautiful church edifice was dedicated. The total cost of the new l)uiUling. which C()m])inf'd the most modern and commodious congregational, Sunday school and parsonage quarters, was approximately $110,000. At the end of 1898 there remained a debt of $65,000, which was gradually reduced, year after year, until, in November 6-13, 1910, when the church celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its organization, the last dollar of indebtedness was paid. Despite the peculiar difficulties which usually attend a change of location on the part of a city church, St. Mark's continued to develop both intensively and extensively, and under the wise leadership of Dr. Dunbar and the consecrated men and women associated with him tlie woi-k was one of ever-increasing fruitful- ness. On January 28, 1912, the former pastor. Dr. Charles S. Albert, was called to his heavenly reward, and on Sunday, February 11, the congregation held an impressive memorial service in his honor. In 1912 the congregation enthusiastically assumed the support of a foreign missionary in the person of the Rev. Isaac Cannaday, of the India field. On September 7, 1917, Dr. Dunbar, on account of failing health, felt constrained to resign. AVith sad reluctance, the con- gregation accepted the resignation, but as an evidence of its loyal regard and grateful esteem, it elected him as Pastor Emeritus, which position he holds at the jiresent time. 212 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. The following summary of statistics for Dr. Dunbar's twenty- three years' pastorate speaks for itself: Infant baptisms, 235; accessions, by adult baptism, 27 ; l)y contirmation, 598 ; by cer- tificate, 333 ; by restoration, 34; total, 992. Contributions: for local support, $245,730 ; for benevolence, $144,547. December 5, 1917, the congregation elected the Rev. Dr. Robert D. Clare, at that time pastor of the First Lutheran Church, of Johnstown, Pa. The new pastor assumed charge January 15, 1918, and was formally installed by the President of the Mary- land Synod, the Rev. Dr, U. S. G. Rupp, on February 3. Dr. Clare graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1900, and from the Seminary at Gettysburg in 1903. During the tirst eight years of his ministry he served as pastor of the St. Matthew's Lutheran Church, York, Pa., and the following seven years were spent in the pastorate of the First Lutheran Church, of Johns- town, Pa., from which position he was called to St. ]\Iark's. During the years 1917 and 1918 the great World War imposed many exceptional obligations upon the Church, and St. Mark's responded nobly and generously to every call. Sixty-six of her young men and women entered the service of the country, one of her soldiers sacrificing his life on the field of battle. In Red Cross work and other lines of humanitarian endeavor the con- gregation was most active. Special benevolent contributions, ag- gregating more than $6,000 were made to national, denomina- tional and other agencies. In the summer of 1918 two richly beautiful memorial windows were placed in the north side of the church auditorium: one by Mrs. Elizabeth Kiel, in memory of her mother and her daughter, and one by Mrs. W. W. Davis, in memory of her husband. On Sunday, May 11, 1919. a bronze tablet of choicest design, which had been placed on the west wall of the auditorium, was dedicated to the memory of the Rev. Dr. Charles S. Albert, the address of the occasion being delivered by the Rev. Dr. Edwin Heyl Delk, of Philadelphia. Following is the summary of stalistics for the two years of the present pastorate: Infant baptisms, 25; accessions: adult bap- tisms, 4; confirmations, 38; certificate, 46; restoration, 12; total, 100. Contributions for local expense, $29,533; for benevo- lence, $19,583. In this brief sketch it has manifestly Iieen impossible to make personal mention of many consecrated and efficient workers who have constituted the very bulwark of St. Mark's strength. The congregation has never been without men and women of spiritual wisd(mi and divinelv-directed energy; and to-day it comprises THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 213 many members who face the Church 's task with the courage born of faith and the full assurance that the future is just as bright as the promises of God. ST. PAUL'S ENGLISri LUTHERAN UHURUH, BALTIMORE, :\[D. Bev. P. A. TIeUman, D.D., Pastor It is just fifty years since the first steps were taken to organize a church in Northwest Baltimore. At that time l)()th the First Church and St. IMark's were down town. .Many of our sub- stantial people were moving to- ward Druid Hill Park and it was thought wise to establish a church in that section. An available site was selected, corner of Druid Hill Avenue and jNIc^Mechen Street, and bought for $12,500, all of which was borrowed money, and an irredeemable ground rent was created. A Sunday school had l)een or- ganized, May 22, 1871, which met in Russel's Hall on Pennsylvania Avenue, but no church organiza- tion was effected until two years later. This church had a unique beginning. A lot was purchased, contract for building let, corner stone laid, and building erected before a pastor was called, St. Mark s and the First CUiurch be- coming responsible for the new enterprise. April 27, 1872, the contract was let for the l)uilding of the church for $36,000, not including the windows or the church furnishings. ^Ir. George Sheets was the contractor and builder. July 1, 1872, the corner stone was laid and the name decided upon. The lecture room was finished and the first service was held in it on April 13, 1873. The same month the congregation was organized with thirty-four members. Rev. Jacob A. Clutz, of Newville, Pa., was chosen pastor and began his work Novem- ber 1, 1873. In December of that year the church building was completed, Rkv. p. a. Heilman, D.D. 214 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. the total cost being $4:5,000. It was dedicated on December 14, Rev. Dr. Conrad ofifieiating. The new pastor was installed the same day. To recount the trials and struggles of that first pastorate would fill a volume, as there was an immense debt with a little flock, almost on the verge of despair more than once. But a kind Providence, a plucky people, a brave pastor, and a host of good friends, helped them to triumph over their great ditficulties. Prominent among these must be mentioned Mr. Samuel T. Ap- pold, of the First Church, who loaned the new church $10,000, which i5ut new courage into their hearts. This loan was repaid in April. 1892. IMeanwhile a pipe organ was installed and the church building frescoed at a cost of $2,500. In October, 1883, Rev. Clutz resigned, having been appointed Secretary of the Home Mission Board of the General Synod, very much to the regret of the young congregation. But it was the call of the Church and it was theirs to submit. INIucli credit must be given to this first pastorate of nearly ten years. The great debt had been largely reduced, and the congregation strength- ened in numbers and courage. Rev. Ephraim Felton was chosen as Dr. Clutz 's successor. He became pastor November 1, 1883, and served the congregation faithfully for three years and ten months. During this pas- torate 191 new members were added and 93 children baptized. But as the burden became too heavy he resigned September 1, 1887, and was called to take up a new mission in Canton, one of the promising suburbs of the city. The church was without a regular pastor for four and a lialf months, when Rev. W. P. Evans was elected, January 15, 1888. He was a very acceptable preacher and diligent in his work. During his pastorate 143 members were added to the church and 111 infants baptized. One of the most important events in the history of the church occurred during this pastorate. The ir- redeemable ground rent of $12,500 became available, and by the energy of the pastor and the council the ground rent was trans- formed into a mortgage. This made it possible to redeem it when the congregation should see fit. ]\Iarch 13, 1892, Rev. Evans preached his last sermon, after a successful pastorate of four years and two months. Rev. Charles R. Trowbridge became pastor November 20, 1892. The church made rapid progress under the ministry of Rev. Trowbridge. Eighty-two names were added to the church roll and forty -six children were baptized. But failing health obliged him to resign after three years and ten months of service. THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 21") There was a vacancy of seven months before the next pastor Cook charge. During most of this time the pulpit was supplied by Rev. P. A. Heilman, of Philadelphia, who was called to be- come regular pastor May 1, 1897, continuing until the present. Dr. Heilman came as a seasoned pastor, having been in the ministry twenty years, graduating from Wittenberg College and Seminary in 1877. His first pastorate was in Lock Haven, Pa., from 1880 to 188-1, when he was appointed missionary at Denver, Colo. There he organized St. Paul's congregation, the Woman's St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. Second Mission, and built the church and parsonage. Failing health caused him to give up the work here after five years ' serv- ice. A few months ' rest on the Pacific Coast brought back health again and returning east he was called to the pastorate at Blooms- burg, Pa. There he served for six and a half years, when he moved to Philadelphia. It was while residing there that he sup- plied St. Paul's pulpit for four months. 216 HISTORY OB" MARYLAND SYNOD. l)uriiii>' this {Jcistoralc 719 mcinhcrs have been added and 42G cliildreii l)aptized. Tlie nK)rtgag-e of ^12.500 has been paid, the entire ehureh repaired twiee and a parsonage bought, costing in all $15,000. The full apportionment of benevolence has been raised each year and often exceeded. In addition, the church is supporting a missionary in the interior of Africa, Rev. J. D Curran. In November, 1919, the property on the corner of Druid Hill Avenue and Mc]\Iechen Street was sold to the Trinity Baptist Church (colored) and St. Paul's congregation joined with the Lutheran Church of the Atonement to build up a new St. Paul's Lutheran Church in the Poplar Grove section of the city. Dr. Heilman continues to be the pastor of the new St. Paul's. From this church have gone one foreign missionary, Miss Amy Sadtler, now Mrs. Rev. George Albrecht, for a number of years doing a noble work in Rentachintala, India, four ministers, Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Home INIissions and Church Extension; Rev. H. IT. Hartman, the successful pastor of Augsburg Church, Baltimore ; W. H. NicoU r ad Rut- lege Hazeltine. Some of the most prominent men of the city and state have been members of St. Paul's. Hon. John Hubner, former state senator, and his wife, were charter members and active for many years. Hon. S. D. Schmucker. chief judge of the Court of Appeals, and his wife, were also charter members and active till the time of their death. Mr. George C. Irelan, a veteran of the Civil War, together with his wife, were active in the church until his tranr,lation in 190-4. ]\Ir. W. L. Stork of blessed memory was superintendent of St. Paul's Sunday school for twenty-five years until his removal to Philadelphia. Rev. B. F. Sadtler and family were members of St. Paul's for several years, also Miss Kate Sadtler, missionary to Rentachin- tala. Dr. Charles Sadtler, one of the leading physicians of the city, has been a member of St. Paul's almost from the beginning and is still active. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 217 GRACE LUTHERAN CHURCH, RALTI^fORE, Ml). Rev. John Edward Bijcrs, D.D., Pastor. Grace Church was the direct (nitconie of a splendid work that was nobly conceived and carried forward by the saintly Richard Armiger. Associated with him were a large number of men who composed his Bible class in the Third English Lutheran Church. Convinced that there ought to be an English Lutheran Church in Southeast Baltimore, they conferred with the Home Mission Board and made a can- vass of the section in the midst of which the church now stands. The field proved a fertile one and immediate steps were taken to form an organization and go for- ward with the work. The Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D., then a student in our Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, was called as the first and only mis- sionary. The ' ' only ' ' one because the growth under his earnest ef- fort was so rapid that it was but a short while until the congrega- tion assumed all responsibility and became self-supporting. He began his work on July 1, 1885. the first service on July 12, and two months later, on September 13, 1885, Grace English Lutheran Church was organized with forty-one charter members. On November 1, at the first com- munion service, thirty persons more joined them. Rev. Weber, with his geniality and tact, proved just the best possible pastor and leader. Within a year he gathered and organized a thriving and enthusiastic congregation. The first services of the congregation were held in Powhatan Hall, at best not a very suitable place, and soon too small to ac- commodate the growing needs of the mission. At the first annual meeting a strong cry was raised for a suitable church edifice. A few months later the Broadwaj- Presbyterian congregation put on the market its splendid church building. Negotiations re- sulted in a purchase by Grace Church, with possession given on Rev. .Tc;nx Edward Byers, D.D. About sixty persons attended 218 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. March 1, 1887. Tlie first services in the newly aiMjnired church wore liekl on March 6, 1887. It was a day of gladness and re- joicing. On Easter Sunday of this same spring ninety-two more persons were added to the membership. A year later, May 13, 1888, the church became self-supporting. The next outstanding fact in Grace Church's history is the resignation of its first pastor, who was called to become the Gen- eral Secretary of the Board of Church Extension. This call came as a great shock to the congregation. They were not ready to let him go. Upon his urgent request, however, they reluctantly agreed to do it. This first pastorate ended on August 26, 1889. A most worthy successor was found in the Rev. 0. C. Roth, who accepted a unanimous call and became the pastor on November 1 , 1889. He soon won not only the esteem but the affection of a devoted people, and for ten years worked happily with them, largely in- creasing the member- ship and advancing the work greatly along all lines. A few items of interest that marked his pastorate are: Tlie purchase and installa- tion of a pipe organ ; the payment of a three- thousand-dollar mort- gage ; repainting and ref rescoing the church ; the death of Richard Armiger ; the purchase of additional property and the building of suitable Sunday school rooms ; the convening of the Maryland Synod in the church ; the purchase of a parsonage at 2114 B. Baltimore Street. On the whole, this pastorate was very successful, pastor and people work- ing together harmoniously and accomplishing large things. Dr. Roth resigned on April 12, 1899, to accept a call to the First English Lutheran Church of Altoona, Pa. Again a most worthy successor was found and at the same meeting when Pastor Roth's resignation was accepted, a unani- A[r. Eiciiard Armiger. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 219 inous call was extended to the Rev. W. S. Freas, D.D., of York, Pa., who began" his work on July 1, 189!). The service of a parish deaconess, 8ister Christina Gleichert, for about four years great- ly helped the pastor in the heavy work that he found to do. Again additional property was bought and remodelled for Sun- day school use, costing in all about .ii5,00U. Dr. Freas was a splendid organizer, ehurchly in tastes and a preacher of noted ability. His touch and influence upon the church and his edu- cation of the people for a period of six years were highly bene- ficial and helpful in the development of this now prominent and strong congregation. His res- ignation was regretfully ac- cepted and his work ended on May 1, 1905. On the same day that Dr. Freas' pastorate ended that of his successor, the Rev. H. D. Newcomer, began. For eleven years he was an aggressive leader and a faithful pastor of the congregation. Noted im- provements to the church building characterized these 3'ears. A steam heating plant and electric lighting were in- stalled. Then after a rather destructive fire came a general renovation and beautifying of the whole church interior. The choir gallery, the chancel and its furnishing were changed and renewed along ehurchly lints, cathedral glass windows were placed. All this was followed by extended outside improvements and the paying off of all indebt- edness. The benevolent spirit of Grace Church is well known. That spirit was finely cultivated by Pastor Newcomer with the help of a number of active, large-hearted, liberal laymen, particular mention in this regard to be made of Mr. F. W. Kakel, who is so widely known as one of the leading laymen of our Lutheran Church in Baltimore, and as being prominently identified with a number of the General Boards of the Church. As a result of proper directing right from the beginning and of careful train- ing throughout, Grace C-hurch has made for herself a most en- viable reputation. She has always paid all synodical dues and ^\r. Frederick \V. Kakel, Baltimore, Md. 220 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. her full apportionment. In recent years she has almost I'org'ot- ten apportionment, paying two and three times over the amount apportioned by Synod. Having received a call to Yan Wert, Ohio, Rev. Newcomer re- signed as pastor of Grace Church and accepted the call to Van Wert in the fall of 1916, his pastorate ending October 1. It seems as though some kindly providence has been working in Grace Church history. The present relation of pastor and peo- ple is perfectly pleasant and the work continues to prosper beau- tifully. The ]iastor since December 1, 1916, is the writer. Rev. -John Edward Byers. He accepted a unanimous call extended by the congregation in October of that year. His pastorate to date is comparatively short, but it has been richly blessed and has promise of continued success. By reason of changing city conditions the work of Grace Church has become exceedingly difficult. Most of her members live a considerable distance from the church. They rejoice in their lo^'alty and devotion, however, and are proud of their good works. Their liberality during the past three years has been almost amazing. All appeals were heard and responded to in a large and generous way, and the work in all departments is marked by earnestness and vigor. Because of the undesirable location of the parsonage, due to changed conditions, the congregation purchased in February, 1919, the present house on the corner of Twenty-ninth Street and Guilford Avenue, for the use of the pastor. The old parsonage was sold. The new one is a fine and splendidly equipjied as well as a commodious building. Grace Church, in her life of thirty years, boasts of six worthy sons who have entered the ministry. This splendid record of one for every five years can hardly be excelled. These men are : Rev. George Beiswanger, Rev. George E. Hipsley, Rev. William Freas, Rev. Henry Manken, Rev. H. L. Gerstmyer, and Rev. Wil- liam C. Day. In addition to these is Mr. Harman Miller, now a student in the Seminary at Gettysburg. And there might ba added Mrs. Harry Goedeke (Martha Hoener Goedeke), an active Sunday school and missionary worker in her own church and in the State, who sailed in November, 1919, to be a missionary in India, and Mr. Carl Distler, one of the most able and useful young laymen in Baltimore, who is constantly being sought as a teacher and lecturer in Y. M. C. A. and other young people's work, as well as a pulpit supply in the various Lutheran Churches of the city. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 221 CHRIST LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. L. M. Zii)niifr))t(i)i, D.D., Pastor Christ Eng'lish Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Maryland, was org-anized in Triumph Hall on Sunday, February 5, 1888, bj- the Rev. L. M. Zimmerman, D.D. The first service was held in the same hall on Sunday, December 18, 1887. On July 1, 1888, at a congregational meeting, it was decided to purchase the Meth- odist Episcopal church on Hill Street near Charles Street. On August ]2, 1888, the first service was held in the church. On November 29, at a congregational meeting, it was unanimously agreed to declare themselves self-sustaining on December 1, 1888, or in one year from the day the missionary, the Rev. L. M. Zim- merman, D.D., came to Baltimore. On December 2 the pastor was installed. During the first year the pastor made 3,400 pas- toral visits. On January 31, 1892, the church declared its free- dom from all indebtedness. During- the summer of 189-4 the church was entirely renovated at a cost of eleven thousand dol- lars. Three thousand dollars of this was secured by the pastor independent of the regular subscriptions, one-tliird of which was a gift of his own to the church. The new church was dedicated October 14, 1895, by Rev. E. J. Wolf, D.D. In December, 1899, before the twelfth anniversary, all indebtedness was paid. Since that time the cong:regation has gained steadily in mem- bers and influence. It has had few organizations, the pastor feeling that the church and Sunday school are of such importance that the entire membership should cooperate fully and steadily in the work of training the young, the development of Christian graces in the church members, and in bringing into the church those who are without the fold. As a result of this method and purpose, the Sunday school is one of the largest in the city, and the congregation at the reg- ular services are unusually large, and have been so for years. During the past year, at many of the services, people have been compelled to stand for lack of room. A Parish Deaconess Society of seven women has rendered valuable assistance in the ministry of service among the needy and distressed. A men's meeting is held in January, May and October, which most of tlie men at- tend. The ladies of the congregation are banded together in an aid society in which they all unite for the interest of worthy causes through the channel of the church proper. There are no other organizations. The finances of tlie church are conducted simply but efficiently. o < Oh O O JSrn O -; w W 1-5 H S ^ a pq . ^« ^§ I c/T C o THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 223 The principle is followed that there shall be but one financial head to the church, through whose hands the revenue of the church should pass, and that every member of the church should give to all the various objects of benevolence as well as to the support of the church. The pastor says: "The one deep well idea has been our plan. We all work together for the filling up of the one deep well from which we draw for all the various ob- jects of the church, local and in general." Special appeals there- fore are rarely made. During all the years the congregation has not only met in full but has usually exceeded the apportionment, and has provided a $20,000 sinking fund for the future. Christ Church furnished a missionary for Africa, and has one self-supporting student for the ministry at Gettysburg. After thirtj'^-one years the last was the best in the history of the church, both in attendance and benevolence. The contribu- tion for benevolence was more than .i' that at this place in our sketch mention be made of the substantial financial aid rendered by Brotlier Becker, and the local Board of Church Extension. "Many of the churches in Baltimore were interested in the new church and liberally aided the congregation in advancing the cause of Christ and of Lutherans in this vicinity." The reading of these bare historical facts is easy and pleasant for us to-day. But success was won only after many discour- agements, and much hard work by both pastor and people. An abiding faith in Jesus, and a real joy in the service of His church, coupled with the Father's blessing, crowned the end with glorious victory. Other pastors serving this congregation have been: Rev. C. E. Keller, 1892-94; Rev. J. L. Frantz, 1895-1900; Rev. C. E. Heps- ley, 1900-8; Rev. Henry Manken, Jr., 1908-18; and the present pastor, Rev. Frederick W. Barry, beginning his service July 1, 1918. The congregation has given two of her young people to the ministry of the church, viz : Rev. J. F. AV. Kitzmeyer, now serv- ing a pastorate at Coney Island, N. Y., and Sister Florence Pohl- man, who was dedicated in the spring of 1919, and now serving as deaconess in St. Mark's Church, York, Pa. MESSIAH LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. Carl Mum ford, Pastor. Late in the summer of 1889 the Rev. E. Felton began a survey of the southeastern, or, as popularly known, the Canton section of Baltimore City. At that time there were only nine General Synod Lutheran Churches in Baltimore, the nearest to this section being Grace Church on Broadway, so there was a large field ready for devel- opment. Means of travel were not so easy and rapid as in these later days. Therefore the founding of their own church in their very midst meant much to the good Lutherans who not only were themselves often denied the joys of the sanctuary but also saw their children being lost to the church of the fathers. When, after a short preliminary canvass, announcement was made that a "Lutheran Church Service" would be held in ''King's Hall," Sunday, September 8, thirty persons came to worship, and so inspired and enthused were they that they THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 227 brought ten others with them the next Sunday and organized a Sunday school. So blessed were the efforts of the young pastor now commis- sioned by the Board of Home Missions, and so fruitful his labors, that within four months the Sunday school had an enrollment of three hundred souls. Meanwhile a Lutheran congregation had been formally organized on Luther's l)irthday, November 10, 1889, with a charter membership of seventy- five, of whom fewer than a half score are living to-day. Articles of incorporation were applied for and on January 9, 1890, a charter was granted Messiah English Lu- theran Church of Baltimore City. After worshiping for five months in a public hall, Pastor Felton had the great joy of mov- ing his growing congregation into their own new brick chapel built at a cost of .$4,000, at the corner of Potomac and O'Donnell Streets, on land leased from the Canton Company for $140 per year. The Sunday school con- tinued to grow so that in November, 1890, it became necessary to build an annex to the chapel at a cost of $1,000. In three years the church had prospered and grown so strong that on November 1, 1892, she became self-supporting. Steady growth and continued prosperity in time made larger (piarters necessary. Therefore on April 9, 1900, ground was broken, and on May 6, 1900, the corner stone of the present beautiful granite church was laid. On November 18, 1900, eleven years and one week after the date of organizing the congregation, the new church was dedicated, having cost $30,000. Fifteen years longer Pastor Felton continued to "shepherd his sheep" until on the morning of December 20, 1915, the Great Over-Shepherd called him home, after twenty-six years in the pastorate of Messiah Church. On June 3, 1916, Rev. Carl Mumford took up this pastorate. Conditions now are different from those of 1889. Many more people live here and a half-dozen more Lutheran churches are also here. Then, too, a large percentage of the incoming people are "foreigners" — Poles, Italians, Jews. Consequently Messiah Eev. Carl Mumford. 1228 illSTOKV OF MARYLAND SYNOD. ("liiirL'li sees her eliiUlreii seatteriiig' before those \vlioni it is next to impossible to lead within her gates. Through the great world war she tried to do her duty. Sixty- five of her sons were in the military and naval service of our country. Three of them were killed in battle in France, another lost his life in a railroad wreck, and six others were wounded in battle. She did what she could in answer to all appeals. And now, in these days of reconstruction, she offers herself in whatever way she can serve God among men. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE REFORMATIOX, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. J. Luihcr II off wan. Pastor. The Church of tlie Reformation was organized September 28, 1890, with twenty-five charter members. The actual beginning, however, dates from April l-t, 1890, when the local Church Ex- tension Society decided upon Northeast Baltimore as its next mission enterprise, and in May the Board of Home Missions com- missioned Rev. C. T. McDaniel as pastor. The canvass of the district was directed by Rev. McDaniel, as- sisted by M'orkers from Third Lu- theran Church. On June 9 a dwelling at 1742 East North Ave- nue was rented as a temporary place of worship. Here a Sunday school was organized on June 22, and by July 12 the attendance had increased from thirty-two to one hundred, with fifty to sixty persons attending preaching serv- ices. The need of a permanent place of worship was met on December 5, 3890, when the Church Council authorized the leasing of a lot on the corner of Caroline and Lanvale Streets, where a temporary chapel was erected. This building, with its furnishings, cost about $500. Rev. McDaniel resigned on June 1, 1891. On Jul.y 1, 1891, Rev. D. Frank Garland became pastor. The Rev. -T. Luther Hoffman. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 229 need of an adequate eliureh home soon became imperative, and on May 2, 1893, a commodious stone chapel, costing $16,000 was dedicated. A donation of $1,000 from the local Church Extension Society, and a contribution from the Second Lutheran Church of $]00 annually for five years toward the erection of the building, gave valuable aid and encouragement in this early period of the con- gregation 's life. During Rev. Garland's pastorate the debt was reduced to $6,000 and the congregation acquired a substantial membership. -^-^ K-"X^ n %^ ^^ T -rj ~ f 1 F r r r i i ■ The Luthekax Church of the Eeformation, Baltimore, Md. equipped with active organizations. Rev. Garland resigned Oc- tober 1, 1896. On November 5, 1896, Rev. U. S. G. Rupp became the third pastor of Reformation. Though still a mission, owning only the stone chapel, and encumbered with an indebtedness of $6,000, Rev. Rupp's pastorate of fourteen years was marked by signal success. Untiring labor was rewarded by a greatly increased member- ship. The change from a mission to a self-sustaining church oc- curred on November 1, 1900. The lot was purchased on Jwly 10, 190] , by the payment of $4,666.67. The parsonage, at 1716 North Caroline Street, was purchased on July 1, 1902, at a cost of $3,625. The larger part of the indebtedness was liquidated, only 230 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. $2,000 remainiuy at tlir time of Rev. Riipp"s resi<>'iiation on June 30, 1910. Rev. William E. Brown became pastor of Reformation on Oc- tober 1, 1910, when the congreg'ation had just passed its twen- tieth anniversary, and the problem of adequate accommodations had ag'ain to be faced. The construction of a new church, how- ever, was not deemed wise until the sum of $10,000 was in hand. Subscriptions secured May 4, 1913, on the anniversary of the dedication of the stone chapel, completed the initial fund of $10,000, and assured the beginninii' of the new church in the spring' of 1914. On the night of March 2. 1914. during a violent snow storm, the chapel, with its furnishings, was totally destroyed by fire. From this crushing disaster the loyal congregation rallied nobly, and after many discouragements and much unforeseen expense, the present beautiful and complete edifice was dedicated on May 16, 1915. It is a building thoroughly equipped for modern church work. On January 1, 1917, Rev. Brown closed a successful pastorate, which was marked with great advancement in every phase of Reformation 's work. Rev. J. Luther Hoffman, the present pastor, took charge April 15, 1917. During the present pastorate of a little more than two years, the congregation has been increasing with an annual net gain of over one hundred members ; the church debt has been re- duced from $36,200 to $29,000, while the progress along all lines has been most gratifying. The Sunda}^ school, which began twenty-nine years ago with thirty-two members, is now splendidly equipped and graded, from the Cradle Roll to the Home Department, having five adult classes, each a live organization in itself. There are now seven hundred and fort3' members enrolled. The Senior, Intermediate and Junior Christian Endeavor So- cieties reach and interest many youT]g people, and train them for Christian service, with the missionary note strongly emphasized. The Women 's Missionary Societ.y has earnestly promoted mis- sionary interest; liberally responded to every call of the General Society, and has been active in local missionary work. The Ladies' Aid Society began its larger work with the pur- chase of the parsonage, July 1, 1902. It has since kept the same in repair, installed electric lights, paid several thousand dollars on the church debt, and at present has a strong and active mem- bership of consecrated women. Reformation has given one son to the ministry. Rev. Henry W. The churches of baijTimore and vicinity. 231 Snyder, of Johnstown, Pa. Another, August H. Hintcrnish, died while attending the Seminary pt Gettysburg. Tlie college course of another was interrupted by the war. The growth from twenty-five to one tliousand members in the brief span of twenty-nine years has proven the far-seeing wisdom of the Church Extension Societ}'. Reformation stands to-day as a vital part of the religious life of Northeast Baltimore, and, though young, takes her place among the strong churches of tlie faith in this city. Her future holds the promise of ever-increas- ing usefulness. TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTi:\[()RE, Ml). Rev. Edwin E. Idc, D.D., Pastor. The initial steps in planting this church were taken by the Home Mission Board and the General Board of Church Exten- sion and the Lutheran Ministers' Association of Baltimore, Mary- land. The Rev. Edwin E. Ide, having been commissioned to can- vass the middle-western section of the city, organized the mis- sion on October 1, 1893, in Rad- cliffe's Hall, northwest corner Fulton Avenue and Pratt Street, with forty members. The first council consisted of Rev. E. E. Ide (chairman ex- officio), J. G. Vogt, W. Harris, C. Sponsler, "W. Ealey, H. Vogt, F. Brinkman, H. Kornman and G. Romoser. The Ladies ' Aid Society, a very efficient organization, was organ- ized March 24, 1894. Mrs. A. M. Kriete, the president, and Mrs. E. E. Ide, the secretary, have very capably filled their respective offices for a continuous period of twenty -three years. On October 3, 1893, the church was admitted to the Maryland Synod. The former hall having become too small, the congregation leased a chapel, corner Hollins Street and Calverton Road, oc- cupying it December 6, 1894. The congregation then numbered Rev. Edwin E. Ide, D.T). 232 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. eifihty, ami tlie Sunday scIiodI. ()r, numbered one hundred. On December 1, 1895, a permanent site was ])urehased, seventy- six feet l)y one hundred feet, for .$:),8.")0, on the northwest corner of Baltimore and Pulaski Streets. iimiiTimrfMffii Trinity Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Md. On July 26, 1896, a frame chapel, forty-five by seventy feet, was dedicated, costing, including all appointments, .^i4r,500. It was the pioneer building in the square. July 31, 1899, the mission declared itself self-sustaining. July 31, 1904, the corner stone of the present stone edifice was laid, with the intention of completing only the first story or Sunday school rooms. Same was dedicated on Novemb?r 13, 1904, and cost, including furnishings, ^25,000. ^larch 21, 1915, the completed church was dedicated. The building is seventy-three b}" one hundred feet, the entire cost THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 233 being' .$7(),()()(). Externally and internally it has bi'cn ailniired for its impressive simplicity and ehurchliness. Since organization, 2,100 persons have united with the church, 1.900 children baptized, 950 young people continued, 920 parties married and 1,K)() persons buried. The Suuday school has grown from twenty scholars, three of- ficers and six teachers to five hundred scholars, two hundred and fifty enrolled infants, twenty-seven officers and thirty-three teachers. Nine hundred and twenty-seven scholars have been ad- mitted to the church by the rite of confirmation. The church lias ever had a limited number of oi'ganizations, but such as it has had, have been efficient. It gave seventy-three young men and two young women to their country's service in the late war, none having been seriously wounded and none killed. CALVARY LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTOIORE, :\ri). Rev. Foster F. Gift, D.D., Pastor. Believing that an English Lutheran church sb.oiild b(» organ- ized in the northwestern section of Baltimore, a gi'ou]i of deejily interested Lutheran people, as- sembled on January 20, 1895, in a private house at 1014 North Pay- son Street, to consider the advisa- bility of organizing a Sunday school. As a result of this meet- ing a few months later, on April 7, a temporary organization was effected. On the first day of June of the same year. Rev. George Beiswanger, who had just com- pleted his training at Gettysburg Seminary, was formally called to take charge of the work. On September 22, 1895, a per- manent organization was effected with forty-six charter members. and with the selection of the fol- -c, -^ tt n t^ t^ Rev. Foster U. Gift, D.D. lowing persons to compose the first church council : William Essig, Sr., W. S. Leister, William F. Smith, Sr., George W. Mansdorfer, Jacob F. Radner, and J. 234 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. H. Wagner. The Suiiday seliool was formally oi-gaiiized one week later, September 29, 1895. Realizing the need of securing a suitable church home without delay, the lot at the northeast corner of North Avenue and Pay- son Street, with a frontage on North Avenue of ninety-four feet, and a depth of ninety feet on Payson Street, was purchased for the sum of $4,900. The wisdom of the selection of this location has since been fully demonstrated and the price paid for it was even at that time very moderate for so excellent a location. A temporary frame chapel was erected at once and was dedicated on March 22, 1896. On September 13, 1897, ground was broken for a stone chapel, and on May 18, 1898, it was dedicated. The cost of the chapel, including furnishings, was about $13,000. Thus properly housed the congregation grew rapidly in inim- bers and strength. After a pastorate of nearly seven years, Rev. Beiswanger preached his farewell sermon on May 25, 1902. The following is a summary of Rev. Beiswanger 's pastorate: New members received 290 Infant baptisms 208 Marriages 63 Funerals 119 After a vacancy of five months, Rev. John C. Bowers, D.D., pastor of St. Mark's Church, Washington, was called to succeed Rev. Beiswanger. He began his ministry on November 1, 1902, and under his wise leadership plans were at once inaugurated for the enlargement of the work. In 1905 a fine parsonage was erected at a cost of about $6,000, and on November 1, 1907, the congregation became self-supporting. In April, 1909, the final payment was made on the debt of $9,000, which rested on the church at the beginning of Dr. Bowers' pastorate. The can- celling of this indebtedness involved much hard work and many sacrifices on the part of the pastor and his devoted congregation. This important event prepared the way for the consideration of plans for the erection of the main church building. After a very successful pastorate of nearly eight years. Dr. Bowers preached his farewell sermon on July 10, 1910. Summary- of Dr. Bowers ' pastorate : New members received 305 Infant baptisms 211 Marriages 134 Funerals 161 On October 1, 1910, Rev. Foster U. Gift, D.D., who had been pastor of Calvary Church, Philadelphia, for nearly seven years, THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. -!•).) preached his introductory sermon. Soon after the beginning of the present pastorate steps were taken looking towards the erec- tion of the main church buihling, and on March 20, 1912, ground was broken. On May 18, 1912, the corner stone was laid, the following local pastors taking part : Rev. H. D. Newcomer, Rev. W. H. Dunbar, D.D., Rev. E. K. Bell, D.D., Rev. I.. M. Zimmer- man, D.D., and Rev. J. C. Bowers, D.D. The completed struc- ture was dedicated amid great rejoicing on November 24, 1912. I Calvarv Lutheran Church, Baltimore, ^Id. Among those who participated were local pastors and Prof. J. A. Singmaster, D.D., and Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D. It was a great event in the history of Calvary Church because it marked the realization of long cherished hopes and ambitions and at the same time represented the results of much hard work and many sac- rifices. The total cost of the new building, including furnish- ings, was $28,000. The total cost of the entire property repre- sents an outlay of about $51,000. The following is a summary of the present pastorate from October 1, 1910, to August 1, 1919 : New members received -479 Infant baptisms 300 Marriages 193 Funerals 174 236 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. The present eoiifiriiied mcinhersliip of the eliureh is 62.1, and the enrollment of the Sunday seliool is 42"). The following char- ter members are still connected with the church : Mr. and Mrs. AV. S. Leister, Mr. and Mrs. George W. INlans- dorfer, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. F. Smith, Sr., Mrs. Clarence Myers, Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Wernz, Mrs. Wm. Essig, Sr., AVm. Essig, Jr., Charles Essig, Mr. and Mrs. Chas. H. Gerbig, Mrs. Lucinda R. C. Tingling, Jacob F. Rader, INIiss IMary E. Eiseman. THE LTTTTTERAN GITUROH OF OUR ^AYTOTTR, BALTIiMORE, INfD. Rev. S. J. Millrr, Pastor. This growing connnunity, then known as West Arlington, but now a part of the city, first claimed the attention of the Home Mission Board in 1902. Rev. H. H. Hartman, a theological stu- dent at Gettysburg, was commissioned by the Board and began the work of canvassing about June 1, 1902. On September 7, 1902, the Church of Our Saviour was organized with thirty-seven :'harter members. The constitu- tion was adopted and the follow- ing officers were elected: Elders, ( 'harles S. Wachter and Theodore F. Lips; Deacons, J. M. Eyler, Fj. E. Hargest, Henry Lentz, and L. J. Staup. On September 10, the council was organized and the church incorporated. The same week of the organization the coun- cil gave their personal note for four months for nine hundred dol- lars for the purchase of a lot. On Sunday, September 14, at a congregational meeting a new pastor was unanimously elected. Rev. S. J. Miller, of Sparrow's Point, Maryland, to take charge after October 1. The first com- munion service was held on September 21, at which time four new members were received and charter member list closed. The present pastor, Rev. S. J. Miller, took charge October 1, 1902. Steps were at once taken for the erection of a church Rpv. 8. J. ]\rn,LF.u THE CllUKCHKS OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 237 building, the services in the meantime being held in a tent, and afterwards in the Junior Mechanics' Hall. The building- com- mittee, consisting of Theodore Lips, Charles S. Wachter, J. M. Eyler, William H. Flagle, Henry Lentz, E. E. Hargest, A. C. Ej'ler, and the pastor, secured three lots on the corner of GroA-e- land and Garrison Avenues, and in November, 1902, ground was broken for the erection of a church building. The corner stone was laid on December 17, and on the following Easter the Sun- day school rendered its first Easter service in the Sunday school rooms. The church was dedicated on May 10, li)03. The building is a one-story frame structure forty-eight by sixty-four feet. This includes the Sunday school room, but so arranged by sliding windows that all can be thrown into one room, with a seating capacity of three hundred. The windows are of cathedral glass, and were donated by the different Lu- theran Sunday schools of the city of Baltimore and by indivi- duals. The pulpit furniture was the gift of the Ladies' Aid So- ciety. The church has had a steady but substantial growth. From the forty-one members at organization the church has grown to an enrolled membership of one hundred and eighty-two. Besides reducing the indebtedness from $4,700 at dedication to the low figure of $1,800, and also paying for all improvements made since, contributions have been made each year to the various beneficent objects of the Church at large. The Sunday school numbered sixteen the first Sunday the pas- tor was present. Under the superintendency of Messrs. L.. J. Staup, Harry C. Fox, P. E. Wertz, and Lenny Rearay and their co-laborers the enrollment has been increased to one hundred and twenty-eight. The Sunday school, together with the Ladies' Aid Society, whose present officers are : Mrs. Wilbert Taylor, president ; Mrs. John Young, vice-president; Mrs. Ira Ramsburg, secretary, and Mrs. Mary Lentz, treasurer, and of more recent date, the Men's Club, whose officers are W. C. Reamy, president; George Heinaman, vice-president ; P. E. Wertz, secretary, and August Gohre, treasurer, have been most potent factors in the develop- ment and progress of the work of the Church of Our Saviour. 238 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE 1X(\VRNATI0N, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. George S. Bowers, D.D., Pastor. The Evan.\('i)Kl)J.\ LUTUKKW ClU'RCH, Baltimorp:, ]Md. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 247 posal to improve and beautify the church aiul gave it liljera! financial supjiort and wlio has always favored every progressive movement, has been a potent factor in the work of the church in recent years. The mission was served by the following pastors : Rev. A. Pfiueger, 1876-1878; Rev. G. T. Cooperrider, 1879-July, 1882; Rev. J. E. Doerman. :\Iay 1, 1885-December, 1887; Rev. R. C. Lenski, January, 1886-1888. After its organization as a congregation Rev. Lenski served as pastor for a few months. He was succeeded by Rev. E. T. Rogne, September, 1889-:March, 1892; Rev. Robert E. Golladay. June, 1892-1905; Rev. Fred Schuh, July 1-August 6, 1907, all of the Joint Synod of Ohio. Rev. W. G. Minnick, January 16. 1908- January 1, 1910; Rev. C. E. Arnold, August 1, 19i0-April 18, 1912; Rev. P. II. IMiller. D.D.. June, 1912, to the present, of the General Synod. EPIPHANY LUTHERAN CHURCH OF POWELL- NARON, BALTI^rORp:, iMD. Eev. F. A. nightman, Pastor. The Home Mission Board made a canvass of the Belair Av- enue, south of Overlea, in January, 1908, at the suggestion of Mr. F. C. Oy email to his pastor, the Rev. Harry D. Newcomer, and a further canvass by the Rev. Charles J. Hines discovered "many Lutheran families who were desirous of a church of their own, and one of whom would in all probability donate a lot." This lot and another a year later, were generously donated ])y IMr. and ]Mrs. Frederick N. Powell. The present site was selected by the Rev. A. Stewart Hartman. D.D., in the presence of our pas- tor, who assumed charge of the work in ]\Iarch, 1909, but was not released from the work of the mis- sion on Park Heights until Sep- tember, 1909. Our congregation was organized on May 10, 1908, in the Pow- ell Hay Barn, with thirty-one members present, but the charter Eev. F. a. Hightman. 248 HISTORY OK MARYLAKl) SYNOD. was held open a luolllll loil.m'l". when lil'ty inriiihcl's were v'li- i-()11(m1. Here they worshii)i)e(l I'or ei^ht months, and after three more months in the Alert Volunteer Fire Company's Hall, we moved to the present ehapel on February 21, 1909. The first serviee was a Foreign JNIission service. The building, having cost about $4,500, was not furnished with other than the neces- sary chairs and the crude pulpit used already in the Hay Barn. A beautiful altar and pulpit, etc., valued at about $500, were soon added, and in April ]Mr. and ^Irs. Powell gave us a pleasant surprise in donating as a most welcome gift, a one-manuel INIoller Pipe Oi'gan, which has greatly inspired our worship. In 1912-14 the Ladies' Aid Societv refrescoed the walls and the Brothi'rhood Mr. G. F. C. Oyeman, Mr. Max Martin, Baltimore, Md. Baltimore, Md. laid a floor on the cement basement and covered the ceiling; also cutting a doorway on the east side through the stone wall. Two more lots adjoining the church property were ])urchased in July, 1915, and our present property, valued at $10,000, was cleared of all indebtedness iNIay 1, 1919, with an excess in bank of about $500. This achievement, as a result of the liberality of all our people and the faithful efforts of our Ladies' Aid Society, Brotherhood, Sunday school, etc., has now again been crowned with a most generous offer. Mr. and Mrs. Powell have again given us great encouragement by authorizing the pastor to announce on May 4, 1919 (the Sun- day preceding our eleventh anniversary), that they would pro- vide in their will to donate $15,000 toward the erection of a new and larger church building, which has been so much needed, especially for our Sunday school. Thereupon about $1,600 was voluntarily subscribed at once by a few, and plans laid for an effort to secure $10,000, if possible, in two years, which, with the kindly help of the General Board of Church Extension, and the hearty approval by resolution of the local Church Extension So- THE OTTTTROHER OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY 249 ciety, who gave us $")()() in 1909. we trust ihiit with (Jdd's help and blessing we shall be enal)led to carry out the proposed plan to erect a church costing "not to exceed $40,000." Mr. and Mrs. Powell have also given their approval to such a building. and so the vision of a new church to dedicate to the glory of God may become a reality within a year or two. Three other important events need only to be referred to : (1) The burning of our second mortgage, December 11, 1912, which had been given to the Board of Church Extension to se- cure a loan of .$1,000 without interest; (2) the changing of our name by substituting "Epiphany" for "Grace Evangelical," as voted unanimously by a congregational meeting on December 22. 1918, as the State Legislature had decided to extend the city far enough to include our church within the city limits after Janu- ary 1, 1919, and thus there would have been three Lutheran churches in Baltimore bearing the name "Grace," and (3) the burning of our first mortgage, June 16, 1919. The present active membership is two hundred <\ud tifty. ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURC'H, l\A LTIMOKE, MD. Bev. John G. Fled:, raslor. On September 25, 1905, the Missionary Committee of the local Board of Church Extension of Baltimore City and vicinity, was instructed to look into the field on Park Heights Avenue, between Druid Hill Park and Belvidere Avenue. In November the report of the committee stated that the field was inviting for the location of a Sunday school and a church. A lot was suggested upon which the Property Committee was to take action, recommending or ap- proving. Unfortunately for the develop- ment of the mission, difficulties arose which delayed the work. In September, 1907, the local Board recommended the project to the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension. On ]\rarch 1, 1908, Rev. F. A. Hightman was placed in charge. Eev. John G. Fleck. 250 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. After ;i preliminary canvass tlie first meetiufi' was held at the home of .Air. xVugust Snyder on i\Iarch 15. 190S. Two weeks later, March 29. in Flautt's Hall. Park Heights Avenue and Shirley Avenue, the Sunday school was organized. The follow- ing officers were elected: Superintendent, Henry Ritter; as- sistant superintendent, Mrs. Arthur Droescher; secretary. J. Ferd Rossiter; treasurer, Arthur J. Droescher; organist. INIiss Isabelle Snyder; superintendent of Primary Department, Mrs. Henry Ritter. The following teachers were elected: Misses Sophie Otto. Lillie Heinlein. Anna Hellwig, IMahel Ilightman, Isabelle Snyder, jMrs. Henry Ritter, and Rev. Ilightman. The enrollment on this first Sunday was forty-two. Two scholars at- tended every Sunday during the first year, Leroy Droescher and ]\largaret Moore. On May 10, 1908, St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Ohurch. of Baltimore City, was formally organized with thirty-eight char- ter members. The following composed the first Church Council : JNIessrs. August Snyder, August Ohlmeyer, J. Ferd Rossiter, Christian Heinlein, Louis J. Roth, and Henry Ritter. The Ladies' Aid Society, whose assistance has been of ines- timable value, was organized on June 29, 1908, with the follow- ing officers: .President, IMrs. Louisa Vogt; vice-president, Mrs. Louis T. Weis; secretary, ]\Irs. Arthur J. Droescher; treasurer, ]\Iiss Isabelle Snyder. During the pastorate of Rev. Hightman, two lots were pur- chased on the east side of Pimlico Road facing Kate Avenue, for the future site of the church. Rev. Ilightman resigned in June. 1909, but continued to sup- ply until September. On September 3, 1909. Rev. II. E. Berkey was elected pastor, and served until March 1, 1910. Rev. G. Alliert Getty, D.D., having supplied the pulpit from April, 1910, until June, was elected pastor, and assumed charge about June 1. Brother Getty entered the work with energy and planned wisely. On July 3, 1910, the following building com- mittee was appointed : J. Ferd Rossiter, Arthur J. Droescher. A. F. Horner, Albert Weis. Rev. Getty, member ex-officio. The corner stone of the new church was laid on December 18, 1910, and the church was dedicated on June 18, 1911. The cost was $16,250. Rev. Getty resigned February 1, 1915. Rev. John G. Fleck, the present pastor, assumed charge on June 1, 1915. In June, 1916, the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society was organized with the following officers: President, Mrs. N. C. Weller; vice-president. Miss Ida Soder- green ; recording secretary, Miss Clarinda Adder ; correspond- THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 251 ing secretary, ]\Iiss Carrie Ilaase; treasurer. ]\riss Blaiiclu^ Sou- nenburg ; magazine secretary, Miss Anna Hellwig. In March, 1917, the Mission Band was organized. The fuUow- ing officers were elected: President, ^Irs. E. S. Fritz; vice- president, JMiss p]sther ]\Iessersniith : secretary, ]\[iss Elizal)eth Deichman ; .treasurer, ]\Iiss Chark)tte Ritter. The present communicant membership of the church is two hundred and twelve. The present enrollment of the Sunday school is two hundred and fifty, with a staff of teachers and offi- cers of thirty. Plans are now being worked out for the enlarge- ment of the church and the erection of a Sunday school building. The total cost of the improvements will be about ii<80,000. AUGSBURG LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. II. II. Ilarlmaii, I'aslor. The local Board of Church Extension, of Baltimore City, on November 22, 1909, called the attention of the Board of Home Missions to a field in Walbrook, Baltimore, which was rich in Lutheraji material, where a Lu- theran church ought to be organ- ized. On December 13 the local board decided to concentrate its efforts for the year on one point as a means of stimulating the interest in the work of the local board and fixed the minimum sum of $8,500 to be raised and applied to the Wall)rook work. The ]\Iissionary Committee of the local board and the Board of Home ]\Iissions requested Rev. TT. H. Hartman, of Newville, Pa., who had organized the Church of Our Saviour, West Arlington, and was familiar with the field, to make the preliminary canvass. The result of the brief canvass was sixty-six Lutheran families, which was reported at the meeting of the local board on May 23, 1910. At this meeting Mr. George A. Klinefelter, a member Rev. H. H. Hartman. 2.y2 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. of >St. l*;iurs Liitlici'nu L'lnii'cli, and a member of the loeal board, offered to donate $1,000 if the eliiu'ches of the city raised $2,500, and the wliole of $8,500 bo donated to the Wall)rook ^Mission. The Board of Home JMissions was informed of this action and on May 26, 1919, called Rev. Ilartman to take iij) the woi'k of organizing the congregation. Rev. Hartman began work on the iield on Augnst 1, holding the first service on September 4. 1910, at 3438 JMondawmin Avenue, the home of the missionary, the rent of which was partly paid ])y Augsburg Lutheran Church, B^u^timore, Md. the Board of Church Extension. The services were continnec. here until the congregation moved to the lecture room of the church. The congregation was organized as the Augsburg Evangelieal Lutheran Church on October 16, 1910, with fifty -two confirmed members and thirty-four baptized children. Rev. H. H. Hart- man was elected the first pastor of the congregation, and the f('l- lowing church council was elected: Elders: Wm. H. Hoffman. John J. Buffington. Deacons: E. C. Stock, G. A. Mong, G. J. Lindauer, Benj. H. Keister. A resolution recommending the loca- tion at the corner of Garrison Boulevard and Bateman Avenue as the future site of the church was unanimously carried. The church was completed and dedicated on January 21, 1912. It has two floors, is l)uilt throughout of Woodstock granite, has a THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 253 seating capacity of four hundred in the main auditorium, and when completed and furnished cost $-40,000. In 1916 a parsonage was built on the lot adjoining the church. The church was organized as a mission of the Home Mission Board and was aided by the board. In 1913-14 the mission was receiving $750 aid. On February 1, 1919, the church became self-sustaining. The Board of Church Extension assisted the church with the building with a loan of $2,500 on a second mort- gage, without interest, and carried the interest on $7,500. On November 15, 1915, the second mortgage was taken up by the church and the board was relieved of all further interest. The church has met all of its obligations to the boards of the church. The Augsburg Church now has a membership of three hundred and a property that is valued at $70,000. There is a flourishing Sunday school with an enrollment of two hundred, a Ladies' Aid Society with sixty members, a Luther League, a ]Men's Bible Class, and a Boys' Scout Troop. ZION LUTHERAN CHURCH, LAURAVILLE, BALTIMORE, MD. Ixrv. Wllllcnn (}. Miiniick, I'aslof. Late in the fall of 1912 Rev. A. W. Ahl, pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, at Parkville, ]Md.. made a canvass to ascertain the number of Lutherans not hav- ing church connections, at Laura- ville, Md. lie found a consider- able number who deemed it ad- visable to establish a I^utheran church in this suburb of Balti- more. On the first Sunday in Ad- vent, 1912, a Sunday school was organized in a store room at Cul- ver Avenue and Grindon Lane. Twelve teachers and scholars were present. The Sunday school met Sunday after Sunday and its ses- sions were followed by ^services conducted by Rev. Ahl, alternate- ly in the German and English lan- guage. The first helpers in the Sunday school were IMrs. George Koehler, :\Irs. Gross, :\Iiss Albrecht, I\Irs. Gyr, IMrs. Paul Buck- wald. and Mr. Henrv List. Kev. William G. Minnick. 254 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Oil January 7, 1913, a general meeting was held at the home of j\[r. George Kohler, when it was unanimously decided to organ- ize a Lutheran congregation to be known as Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of Lauraville, ]\Id. A constitution was adopted and the first council was elected as follows: President, Rev. Ahl ; vice-president, Charles Suffner; treasurer, George Kohler; sec- retary, Otto Ilildebrand; Christian Dietzel, Traugott Lensch- ner, Oscar Preuss, Oscar Heller, and Herman Zeaman. Besides these, the following were charter members : ]Mrs. Ganter, IMrs. George Kohler, Jlrs. Otto Hildebrand, INIrs. Lenschner, INIrs. Preuss, ^Irs. Lenbecker, ]Mrs. Buckwald, IMrs. Gross, iMrs. Heller, IMr. and ]Mrs. John ]\Iunder. ^Ir. and IMrs. Adolph Dietz, INlr. Christian Wittmer. IMiss Wittmer, I\[rs. Kreitler, ]\Irs. INIyer, IMrs. Linthicum, Mrs. Zeaman, Mrs. Koch, and Albert Leubecker. On January 13, 1913, the congregation was incorporated. Services were held regularly and the Holy Communion was administered for the first time, in the German language, on Good Friday, and in the English language, on Easter Sunday, 1913. On June 12, a lot on Grindon Lane was purchased at a cost of $625. Steps were taken to erect a chapel and the contract Avas given to James Rufenacht at his bid of sf>2,112. The corner stone was laid on October 12, 1913. The church was dedicated on De- cember 12, 1913. Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D., General Secretary of the Board of Church Extension, delivered the sermon and had charge of the finances. Seventeen hundred dollars were pledged and the building was set apart to the service of God. In Febru- ary, 1915, the adjoining lot, corner of Grindon Lane and IMaine Avenue, was purchased at the low price of .^550. Rev. Ahl sev- ered his connection with the congregation on July 1, 1916, and Rev. IM. L. Frank, Ph.D., became his successor on the same date. Rev. Frank made a canvass of the community and while he discovered many Lutherans, he f(mnd that they were not willing to sever their relation with the churches in the city. Therefore he l)egan a campaign among the young people and organized a Luther League Society and also a choir. On January 1, 1917, it was decided to hold two services each Sunday, one in the German and the other in the English language. During the ])astorate of Rev. Frank, the number of scholars in the Sunday school was in- creased and the indebtedness somewhat reduced. He severed his connections with the congregation on November 1, 1917. It was then decided that the services should be conducted alto- gether in English. A call was extended to Rev. AVilliam G. IMin- niek, and he assumed charge of the congregation on January 1, 1918, and is the pastor at the present time. Since he became pas- THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 255 tor a number have been added to the congregation, the Sunday school very much enhirged and the indel)tedness lioth on the church and adjoining lots has been cancelled. A furnace has been installed and an individual communion service, a piano, an altar railing, and a bell, have been presented by friends of the pastor and congregation. The council is now considering the advisabil- ity of erecting a new church or of enlarging the old one. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE ATONEMENT, BALTIMORE, :MI). Rev. J. B. Laii, Pastor. The Lutheran Church of the Atonement was organized on Sun- day. September 80. 1916, Rev. E. K. Bell, D.D., President of the ]\[aryland Synod, having charge of the services and officiating. A preliminary canvass had been made in July by some mem- bers of the Sunday school of First English Lutheian Church, and very gratifying results were ob- tained. The Church Extension Society of the city procured the services of Mr. Paul Wagner, then a student in the Seminary at Get- tysburg, to canvass the commu- nity, and a house to house canvass was made, resulting in the organ- ization of the church with most s])lendid prospects. A call was extended to Rev. .7. B. Lau, of New York City, to be- come pastor. This call was ac- cepted and Rev. Lau began his work on December 15. 191fi. The property committee of the Church Extension Society of Bal- timore City purchased a lot on Winchester Street near Poplar Grove Street, the congregation agreeing to i)ay i|^l,5()(). In June, 1918, a new lot was purchased on the corner ()f Presst- man and Poplar Grove Streets, for which the sum of $3,000 was paid, the payment of which was completed about January 1, 1919. In December, 1918. the council purchased the property at 1501 Poplar Grove Street, to be used as a parsonage, for $3,000, sub- ject to a ground rent. About $1,200 of this amount has been paid. Kev. J. B. Lau. 256 HI8T0RV OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Encountei'ing some difficulties in securing money to erect a new church building, the council made overtures to the council of 8t. Paul's Lutheran congregation for a mergM' of these two congre- gations. This resulted in the submission of terms of merger which were ratified on July 28, 1919. Rev. Lau resigned as pas- tor of the Church of the Atonement in October, 1919. At the time of the ratification of the merger the congregation had ;i confirmed membership of two hundred and forty-three and an enrollment in the Sunday school of about two hundred and fifty. The following were the first church council : Elders — C H. Gundersdorf, Oscar M. Gibson, George C. Cooper, John Lindner. Deacons — I. Forrest Otto, W. G. N. Rukert. Stephen W. Price, Conrad Sweener. SALEM'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MI). Rev. K. Walter Schmitt, Pastor. This congregation is one of the latest additions in the ^lary- land Syjiod. Although young in years it is quite old in experi- ence. The storms of life have passed over its head for many years. They have sometimes bent its branches but could not destroy the tree. Salem's congregation dates back to the year 1885. The first pastor was the Rev. W. D. Kirschmann. During his ministry the present church was built. He was in charge of this congregation for over twelve years until ]March, 1897. when his resignation on ac- count of ill health was accepted. The next pastor in charge was the Rev. John C. Rudolf, from Kansas. This pastor remained IVom .Alarch. 1897, until June, 1900. He WHS succeeded by the Rev. William Rooper, from Cincinnati, Ohio. The latter re- mained until June, 1905. In September, 1905. the Rev. Ernst von ITahmann was elected as the new pastor. During his ministry the congregation severed Kev. K. Wai/i'Ek Schmitt. THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 257 all former synodical connection, believing that a life of inde- pendence would further a better development. ]Many improve- ments were made on the interior church building and parsonage. Pastor and congregation worked hard and faithfully to solidify the congregation. His ministry in Salem's lasted until August, 1915, a ministry of ten long years under many trying circum- stances owing to local conditions, chief of which was the language problem. The successor to Dr. voii Hahmann was the Rev. K. Walter Schmitt. He came here from San Francisco, California, where he had l)een working in the interest of the Home ^Mission Board. The new pastor, firmly believing in the Synod, persuaded the congregation to rectify the former attitude and come into the General Synod. Salem's Church is thus the third independent German congregation the pastor persuaded to enter the General Synod. During Rev. Schmitt 's brief ministry here the old mortgage of two thousand five hundred dollars was paid An old obliga- tion of five hundred dollars to the former synod was settled to give to the congregation a legal release. The P^nglish language was permanently introduced into all services in order to restrain the younger generation from worshipping elsewhere in their na- tive language. Next a new church building organization was created with the assistance of Rev. H. H. We])er, D.D., General Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the United Lutheran Church, for the purpose of erecting a new church or remodelling the old one with modern accommoda- tions. And with God's blessing and the support of a loyal con- gregation Salem's Church looks forward to better days. For it is no doubt true that the lack of these accommodations has pre- vented a better growth during the past. The present church stands on historic ground, as the very names of the surrounding streets indicate. Opposite the River- side Park, overlooking Chesapeake Bay and the Patapsco River, the congregation has an exceptional location, of which the mem- bers are exceedingly proud. With better church facilities this congregation firmly believes that it still has a mission in South Baltimore. 17 258 HISTORY OP^ MARYLAND SYNOD. HOLY COMFORTER LUTHERAN CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Eev. William A. Wade, Pastor. The Lutheran Church of the Holy Comforter is located in the extreme northern section of Baltimore, corner Harwood Avenue and York Road, formerly known as Govans. For years there had been a recognized need of a Lutheran church in this section, and so in the spring and summer of 1911, Rev. J. F. Crigler, then ]iastor of the Lutheran church at Lutherville, made a canvass. The tirst meeting was called for Octol^er 29. 1911, at Parr's Hall, and forty persons responded. One week later, on November 5, sixty persons signed the charter roll, and the congregation was organized and incorporated with the election of officers, December 31, 1911. The Sunday school, which had been organized with forty-four members November 19, 1911, grew nicely. Rev. Crig- ler, under whose efficient leadership the congregation grew rap- idly, continued as missionary pastor in addition to his work at Lutherville, until June 29, 1913. A splendid foundation was laid by Pastor Crigler for a strong church in years to come. The church was given the name of "First Lutheran Church of Govans. ' ' Through the generous assistance of the local Church Extension Society and the General Church Extension Board, an excellent lot was purchased for $5,000. Rev. Norman G. Phillipy was elected pastor and took charge July 1, 1913, being installed by the former pastor. Rev. J. F. Crigler, assisted by Rev. J. C. Bowers, November 9. 1913. On May 26, 1914, ground was broken for the church building, and the corner stone was laid July 12, 1914, the address being made by Rev. W. H. Dunbar, D.D. The present splendid church of gray stone was dedicated on Sunday. November 8. 1914, the sermon being preached by Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D., General Secretary of the Board of Church Extension, at the morning serv- ice, and Rev. J. A. Clutz, D.D., of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, preaching in the afternoon. Rev. C. F. Crigler also assisted. The dedicatory service was conducted by the pastor. These services were followed by special services for several nights, in which a number of the pastors of the city took part. On September 25, 1917, the pastor, Norman G. Phillipy, de- parted this life, after an illness of some weeks. This death, which seemed untimely to the many friends in the church and out of it, brought sorrow into the hearts of all. A noble man, talented as a Q h-! 63 ■Z Q Ed 1 <; Oh O o ' 260 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. leader and gifted as a preacher of the gospel, respected by all who knew him, had fallen in the very prime of life. The splen- did church stands as a lasting monument to his work. Having found the congregation worshipping in a second story hall, with a membership of a little over a hundred, he departed after four years, leaving a membership doubled and worshipping in a beau- tiful stone church, complete in all the arrangement and furnish- ings that belong to a Lutheran church. On Sunday, December 9, 1917, Rev. William A. Wade, then pastor of Saint Mark's Lutheran Church, Washington, D. C, was unanimously elected pastor to succeed the late Rev. N. G. Phil- lipy. The newly elected pastor took charge the first Sunday in February, 1918. Installation services were held on Sunday, March 3, 1918, Dr. H. H. Weber, Secretary of the Board of Church Extension, preaching the sermon and conducting the service of installation. At a congregational meeting held on May 29, 1918, the name of the church w^as changed to ' ' The Lutheran Church of the Holy Comforter." A bronze tablet was erected in the vestibule of the church in memory of the former pastor. The congregation has grown steadily and substantially, and now the communicant membership is about three hundred. The work of building a parsonage on the lot near the church has been completed, and with this newly annexed section of Baltimore developing rapidly, the future of the Church of the Holy Com- forter looks bright. From the beginning the congregation has held strictly to the common service, the pulpit gown, etc., and recently vestments have been added to the efficient choir. The church council has been trained well for the work of the church and they take the deepest interest in all departments of the work. The Sunday school is under good leadership and ranks among the best equipped schools of the city. The young people have received good training in the Luther League. The Ladies' Guild has been a most active and valuable support to the church. During the eight years of its existence it has turned into the church over $5,000. The Missionary Society is also doing splen- did work under efficient leadership. The Brotherhood is active and doing good work. Mr. John E. Adolph is superintendent of the Sunday school; IMrs. George Edel is president of the Ladies' Guild ; ]\Irs. George Boone is president of the INIissionary Society ; Mr. S. A. Douglas is president of the Luther League, and Mr. James Chambers is president of the Brotherhood. THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 261 LUTHER MEMORIAL CHURCH, BALTIMORE, MD. Rev. L. L. Sieher, D.D., Pastor. At the request of the local Board of Church Extension of Baltimore, Maryland, Paul Wagner, of the graduating class of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, canvassed the territory of North Baltimore, with a view of ascertaining the number of Lutherans who would encourage the organization of a mission. The effort resulted in securing sixty-six names of persons who promised to cooperate and become charter members. The first services were con- ducted September 39, 1917, in Waverly Hall, corner Greenmount Avenue and Thirty-first Street. and were conducted once a Sun- day until December 2. 3917. when an organization was effected with thirty-two charter members. Later there were added thirteen more, making the total forty-five. Students from the seminary were secured as supplies until May 1, 1918. with the hope that one of the young men graduating might be secured as pastor. In this hope the mission was disappointed. Rev. L. L. Sieber, D.D.. of Gettysburg, supplied the mission for several Sundays and was unanimously elected pastor June 30, 1918, and by the endorse- ment of the Board of Home ]\Iissions and Church Extension be- came the first pastor. As the mission was organized during the 400th Anniversary of the Reformation, it was decided to name the mission "The Luther Memorial Church of Baltimore, IMaryland. " In harmony with the name the first $3,000 paid to the purchase of a lot for the church was secured at a meeting of Baltimore Lutheran churches held in commemorating the 400th Anniversary of the Reforma- tion, under the auspices of the local Church Extension Society. Regular services were conducted by the first pastor, Dr. Sieber, twice each Sunday during the summer months, and the congre- gation increased to seventy-four, and on October 1 application was made to be received into the Maryland Synod, in whose Rev. L. L. Sieber, D.D. 2ri2 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. hounds it is located. The coiiiirci^'ation, with its ])astor. was (lul,\' received into the Synod at Frost burg, -Maryland, December 5, 1918. Rev. L. L. Sieber, pastor, and Mr. S. J. Zepp, delegate. The congregation celebrated the first anniversary of its pastor, Jnly 6. 1919, with a membership of one hundred and seven com- nnmicants and one hundred and eighteen enrolled in the Sunday school. It has secured a lot for the future chapel, parsonage and church building, in one of the finest residence sections of North Baltimore, at the corner of Guilford Avenue and University Parkway, at an expense of $6,500. on which they liope soon to liegin the erection of a chapel and parsonage. ST. JOHN'S LUTHEEAN CHURCH, BROOKLYN, BALTIAIORE, MD. Bev. P. C. Bnrgdorf, Ph.D., Pastor. j\Iarch 22, 1914. al)out nine persons met at the home of ]\[r. John Dornbush, Brooklyn, Anne Arundel County, Maryland, to organize a Lutheran mission. The meeting was called by Rev. von Hahmann. pastor of Salem Lutheran Church. Baltimore. A congregation was organized that day. At a meeting held in a hall above a grocery store on Septem- ber 28, 191-4, the constitution rec- ommended by the Home iMission Board was adopted. A few months later the newly organized congre- gation purchased the furniture and effects of the Missouri IjU- theran Home IMission Board, the mission of that Synod at Brook- lyn having disbanded. ' July 25, 1915, Rev. von Hah- mann resigned as the pastor of the mission and accepted a call to Eev. p. C. Burgdorf, Ph.D. . , , at v t <- • iu ^ ' Amsterdam, N. Y. I^ater m that .year the Rev. Walter Schmitt, of Salem Church, Hev. von Hah- mann 's successor, took charge of the mission. June 18, 1916, upon the recommendation of the Home IMission Board, Brooklyn and Lauraville were made one parish, the pastor THE CHURCHES OP BALTIMORE AND VlCrNITY. 263 to live at Lauraville. Eev. Dr. Frank was recommended l>y the Home Mission Board and called by the two congregations. During Eev. von Ilahmann's pastorate the congregation had bought a lot 90x100 feet on Washington and Third Streets. Dur- ing Rev. Schmittt's pastorate they completed the payment of $1,350. In January, 1917, Dr. Frank having resigned, the trustees of St. John's asked Rev. Paul C. Burgdorf, Ph.D., of Jerusalem Church, Belair Road, Baltimore, to assist the congregation and to keep together what was left of the mission. Dr. Burgdorf supplied there for a while. Upon recommendation of the officers of the Home Mission and Church Extension Board the congre- gation was reorganized. On account of the war, labor and material Ixnng too high, the officers of the Synod advised the l)uilding of a temporary build- ing, and so on August 5, 1917, the congregation decided to build a frame chapel on one of their lots facing Washington Street. The men of the congregation erected the chapel with their own hands in less than three days, the cost being about $1,170. The building was consecrated December 4, 1917. With the completion of the splendid Hanover Street Bridge, connecting Brooklyn and Curtis Bay with Baltimore, and the an- nexation of the village to the city, l)right prospects are facing the little village across the river. ST. PETER'S LUTHERAX CHURCH OF BALTI- MORE COUNTY, MD. (Calvary Charge.) Fev. ^y. ('. Erncij, SiippJjj Pastor. The record of the church does not give the names of the mem- bers of the first council. The first communion was held on April 29, 1838, by Rev. Jeremiah Ilarpel. Twenty persons communed. The names of the pastors succeeding Rev. Ilarpel and the years of beginning service are as follows : Rev. P. Willard, 18-11 ; Rev. J. Ruthroff. 1843; Rev. Elias Schwartz, 18-45 ; Rev. Jacob Kemptfer, 1846 ; Rev. Daniel llauer, 185-4; Rev. P. Rizer, 1865; Rev. R. AVeiser, 1866; Rev. P. P. Lane, 1870-1872; Rev. Ketterman, 1875; Rev. A. H. Burke, 1877. Rev. Burke was not licensed until 1879. Revs. Sill, Warner, and Hauer assisted ^Ir. Burke with pastoral duties such as bap- 264 HISTORY OF MARYI^AND SYNOD. tisms, eomiuiinions, etc., until he l)ecame licensed. JJuring Rev. Burke's pastorate the congregation built a new brick church. Previous to the building of the church, Lutherans and Reformed had worshipped jointly in the old stone building, but with the building of the new church the Reformed members withdrew and left the church purely Lutheran. Rev. S. J. Derr became pastor in October, 1886, and in 1887 the church was incorporated according to the laws of the State Mr. Joseph L. Waltemyer. Mr. Theodore F. Shearer. of ^Maryland. The incorporators were the following persons: Daniel F. Shearer, George L. Peterman, George Folk and John E. Slyder. Later pastors were : Rev. S. F. Tholan, 1901-1901; Rev. L. W. Gross, May, 1901- April, 1906; Rev. Samuel Stauffer, June, 1906-March, 1908; Rev. William D. Nicholl, April, 1908-April, 1910; Rev. J. H. Kellar, May, 1910-June, 1912. In 1913 the Ilampstead congregation decided to divide the Hampstead charge, thus leaving St. Paul and St. Abraham's to form a charge of their own. Rev. Frank Gilbert became pastor of this charge on January 1, 1915, and resigned October, 1917. At present Rev. W. C. Erney is supplying this congregation. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 265 ST. ABRAHAM'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, BECKLEYSVILLE, MD. ( Calvary Charge. ) Rev. W. C. Erney, Supply Pastor. This congregation was organized in 1854 by the Rev. Daniel Hauer. For about twenty years it was served by the same pas- tors as St. Peter's Church, near Alesia. These were: Rev. Dan- iel Hauer, 1854; Rev. P. Rizer, 1865; Rev. R. Weiser, 1866; Rev. P. P. Lane, 1870. Then for a short time the congregation was under the influ- ence and pastoral care of Rev. Uriel Graves, who had come from Baltimore after a spectacular trial at the hands of a synodical committee. During this period the church was independent of synodical relationship. Rev. Graves was succeeded by Rev. Archer, also of the so-called ' ' Independent Synod. ' ' Rev. Archer was succeeded in the pastorate of this congregation by the Rev. A. H. Burke, who began to serve the Hampstead charge in 1877. In 1886, when the Rev. S. J. Derr became pastor of that charge, St. Abraham's again affiliated with the jMaryland Synod. After Rev. Derr's resignation the following pastors served the congre- gation: Rev. S. F. Tholan, 1901-1904; Rev. L. W. Gross, 1904- 1906; Rev. Samuel Stauffer. 1906-1908; Rev. W. D. Nicholl, 1908-1910; Rev. J. H. Keller, 1910-1912. In 1913 the Hampstead charge was divided: St. Peter's and St. Abraham's constituted a new charge, known as Calvary. This charge has been served by the Rev. Frank Gilbert, 1915- 1917, and since October, 1917, has been supplied by the Rev. W. C. Erney. Mr. Daniel Beckley was a prominent member of this congre- gation during the seventies and eighties. He owned and oper- ated a paper-mill which was a large factor in the economic life of the community and in the financial affairs of the church. Mr. Joseph L. Waltemyer was superintendent of the Sunday school for seven years. He is the father of Rev. W. C. Walte- myer, our pastor at Thurmont, ]\Iaryland. SALEM LUTHERAN CHURCH, CATONSVILLE, MD. Bev. John C. Bowers, D.D., Pastor. On September 30, 1849, a meeting was held by a number of Lutherans in Catonsville, Maryland, for the purpose of organiz- ing a congregation. For some time previous they had cherished 2f)6 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. tlie h()j)(' of having" a church of their faith and choice. This liope was stinmhited ])y fi'e(juent visits and pastoral ministrations of Father Ileyer, then on leave of absence from his mission station in India. The meeting in the fall of 1849 resulted in the purchase of a plot of ground about a mile from what is usually designated as "the village." a reason being that a large number of people liv- ing in the immediate vicinity of the spot were Lutherans. The lot was splendidly located and large enough for a church, par- sonag(\ school house and cemetery. These three buildings still stand, the old parsonage being occupied by the caretaker of the cemetery, the school house being used by the School Board of Baltimore County for public school purposes. Pursuant to an oft expressed desire funeral services are fre- quently conducted at Old Salem Church, and occasional services are held there on Lord's Day afternoons. ]\Iany, especially of the older members of the congregation, have deep affection for the church, with which their parents were associated and the center of their own early associations. Those who laid the foundation for the newly organized con- gregation contributed liberally in money, labor and material, and were rewarded by seeing as the result of their sacrifice and labor a picturesque stone edifice, churchly in its exterior appearance and in its interior appointments, equipped with bell, which rings daily at six p. m.. a sweet-toned pipe organ, made in Europe, and a baptismal font. The list of members in 1852 includes such locally familiar names as: ]\Iaesch, P^ge, Gerwig, Leimbach, Spelhaus, Wessling, Knuepling, Piel, Renz, Dill. Schneider, ]\Iaisel, and Reich. The first regular pastor of the congregation was the Rev. A. Brockman, a man of great energy and determination, but after a brief pastorate, death claimed him and he was laid to rest in the cemetery under the shadow of the church he had labored so un- selfishly to establish. He was succeeded by Rev. George W. Ebeling, Ph.D., in 185-1. Dr. Ebeling was a man of strong personality, lovable disposition and marked ability, receiving his degree from the University of Goettingen. Under his pastorate the congregation grew numer- ically and in prestige. With a fine musical education and pro- nounced linguistic ability. Dr. Ebeling was much in demand as a teacher. Overlea College is the natural outgrowth of his teach- ing. This preparatory school was founded by him and gained an enviable reputation, and many successful men are fond of re- ferring to their school days at Overlea and their distinguished in- 268 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. striictor there. It was an occasion of rare jo,y to pastor and peo- ple when in October, 1899, they observed in a fitting way the fiftieth anniversary of the organization of Salem congregation. Because of Dr. Ebeling's age, Rev. M. L. Enders was cliosen assistant pastor in June, 1901. The following August he was elected pastor and Dr. Ebeling made pastor emeritus. Dr. Ebel- ing departed this life September 25, 1901, and he and his wife are buried in Salem Cemetery. In December, 1901, it was decided to build a new church, more in the center of Catonsville and its business interests and real estate development. A site at Frederick and Newburg Avenues Salem Lutheran Church, Catonsville, Md. was finally selected and in October. 1902, ground was broken, the corner stone being laid Palm Sunday, 1903. The dedication oc- curred October 18, 1903, the sermon being preached by the pastor's father, Rev. G. W. Enders, D.D., York, Pa. At the afternoon service a large number of Lutheran ministers from Baltimore were present and made addresses, the present pastor being among the number. Pastor Enders was admirably adapted for the important work accomplished during the nine years of his pastorate. Many new members were received, the finances con- ducted in a conservative and judicious manner, the synodical benevolences always met and a fine church of Port Deposit gran- THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 269 ite with a seating capacity of over four hundred and an indebted- ness of only $2,600, was dedicated to the glory of God by a happy pastor and people. In 1910, Pastor Enders having accepted a pressing call to St. Paul's, Cumberland, Rev. John C. Bowers. D.D., was called as his successor. During the little more than nine years of Dr. Bowers' pastorate the original indebtedness has been paid, and a fine parsonage erected adjoining the church. An addition cost- ing more than twelve thousand dollars was made to the Sunday school building three years ago, making it an ideal in every re- spect. The church and Sunday school building have been fres- coed and some fine memorials added to those previously installed. A more liberal and devoted people one cannot find, possessing a church property which cannot he. surpassed in Baltimore County. ST. PAUL'S AND ZION LUTHERAN CHURCHES, CORDOVA, MD. Rev. C. Freudeurcich, Pastor. It was a little over twenty years ago, in 1899, that the first German came to Talbot County, ]\Iaryland. In the course of the following five years or so more families immigrated from the West. They came mostly from Nebraska, but a few from Iowa and Missouri. In all they com- prised about twenty-five families. In 1900 the first German serv- ices were held. These were con- ducted by pastors of the Missouri Synod and then by pastors of tlie Evangelical Synod of North America. These services were held at Longwood, ]\Id. In 1906 Rev. Reiss took charge of the field. In 1908 a disagreement con- cerning the location of the church building caused a split in the con- gregation. The Cordova people organized a new congregation and built a church of tlieir own — the St. Paul's Church. . The Longwood people purchased the old Baptist church at Rev. C. Freudenreich. 270 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Longwood and organized a congregation. This they called Zion Lutheran Church. hi 1909 both congregations decided to join the General Synod and identified themselves with the Maryland Synod. Rev. Reiss' pastorate terminated in ]912. having continued about six years. From then until May, 1918, no reguUir minister was in charge, except for a few months when a student from Wittenberg Seminary, Springfield, Ohio, served them. In ]\Iay, 1913, the present pastor. Rev. C. Freudenreich, ac- cepted a call to the field. He hopes soon to introduce and mul- tiply the English services in these congregations. St. Paul's, at Cordova, comprises about twelve families, while Zion Church, at Longwood, comprises about thirteen families. FIRST LUTHERAN CHURCH OF ELLICOTT CITY, MD. Eev. A. G. Null, Pastor. Ten miles from Baltimore, ]\Id., which place has now become one of the chief seaports for America on the Atlantic coast, one comes into a narrow but a very productive valley situated at the intersection of the main artery of the system of highways from the Middle North and West, and the grand old Patapsco River. It was just at this very spot that the first train of the Baltimore and Ohio system of railroads in America was run from the above city. Here it was that a colony of Germans settled in the years 1840 to 1845. Of these old founders we have laid to rest perhaps a half dozen in the past year. 1919. Their church was to them a mat- ter of first importance, liut the only Lutheran church in reach was Salem congregation at Ca- tonsville, four miles distant. So thither they journej^ed Sunday after Sunday, some on farm wagons, others walking through sunshine and shower, through mud and snow. There the chil- dren were christened and afterwards confirmed. There their Kev. a. G. Null. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 271 dead were laid to rest and their sons and daughters united in marriage. But as the years moved slowly on the distance seemed to lengthen and become a burden. For there were no automobiles then, not even many vehicles drawn by horses. And naturally an agitation arose as to a church in their very midst. Early in 1874 the members of Salem congregation living in and about EUicott City were called together in a meeting that was to be a memorable one. In that meeting one heard family names like Laumann, Kraft, Hermann, Wehland, Rodey. Werner. Keiner, Engle, Wiese. Dontell. Meier, Bauer, Gerwig, AVosch. Buetefisch. and many others. The meeting was called to order by Rev. ^Martin Kratt. an independent pastor. Twenty-five charter members were enrolled. Services were held in the different homes for a time. Then Charles J. Werner offered all the granite stone, to- gether with the corner stone towards a church ])uilding. The building was begun at once. It was a two-story frame building, about thirty by forty-five feet, and was dedicated in 1875. It cost about $3,500. In 1877 Rev. Martin Kratt resigned and was succeeded by Rev. E. Lehnert, who served until 1881, when he gave up work here. Dr. Ebeling, then pastor at Salem, Catonsville, supplied it in connection with his own work, for one year. In 1882 Rev. Rhodes, of Chambersburg, Pa., took charge, but after eight months resigned the field. It was then that Rev. E. C. Ide. fa- ther of Dr. E. E. Ide. now pastor of Trinity Church, Baltimore, came upon the field. He labored earnestly for nearly a quarter of a century. In 1884 the congregation joined the Maryland Synod. Rev. C. F. W. Hartlage. of the Joint Synod of Ohio, followed Rev. Ide, and ministered here till about 1907. During his pas- torate the church was remodeled and stained glass windows were installed. In 1908 Rev. I. Wegner became pastor. In his five years of service here a splendid parsonage was erected by the side of the church. It is a three-story frame building, and cost about $2,200. In 1912 Pastor Wegner resigned and Rev. Earl S. Rudisill from the Seminary at Gettysburg, supplied for two summers and did excellent work. In 1915 Rev. H. C. Fultz gave up his work in Washington, D. C, and came to this field. He succeeded in ralljdng the peo- ple and at once began to remodel the church extensively. A vapor heating plant w^as installed in the house and church at a 272 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. cost of over $900. The ceiling of the church was lowered and a choir loft was bnilt to accommodate a pipe organ at some future time. New altar furniture was ordered and many other im- provements made. AVhen the remodelling was about finished and before the altar furniture arrived the hand of death took Pastor Fultz from his labors of earth, in IMarch, 1917. In June of the same year Rev. A. G. Null was called to fill the vacancy. On July 8 the house was rededicated with large audi- ences present. Rev. J. C. Bowers, D.D., pastor of Salem Church, assisted. The improvements cost about $5,000. But in Febru- ary of 1919. by cash and subscriptions the debt was cancelled. A fund for the pipe organ is now being gathered. The congrega- tion numbers about one hundred and eighty-five baptized mem- bers. In the two years of the present pastorate the Sunday school attendance and enrollment has been doubled. The pastor's salary has been increased twice and the apportionment fully met. The congregation is aggressive and growing. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAX CHURCH, LUTHERYILLE, MD. Essentially, St. Paul's congregation dates back to the year 1853, when Dr. J. G. IMorris founded Lutherville Seminary, now ]\Iaryland College; but practically it began July 19, 1856, when the corner stone of the first church, a one-story frame building, with an organ loft facing the pulpit, was laid. For twelve years it was a union, or rather an undenominational church, much of the time without a regular pastor, but served alike by ]\Iethodist or Lutheran supply. In the absence of any minister, Mr. J. R. Marsten, one of the founders and original trustees, would read a sermon and conduct worship. On September 7, 1869, it became distinctly Lutheran through the efforts of the Rev. Drs. John G. ^Morris and Benjamin Sadtler. Dr. IMorris first leased to the church the lot on which the church now stands for a nominal sum, and later his heirs made a clear deed of property to the congregation. For many years Maryland College was conducted as a Lu- theran school and worshipped altogether with this congregation, but in the last ten years, through a change in presidents, it has become undenominational, though many of the students regularly attend St. Paul's. In December, 1869, ]\Ir. Edward Uhrlaub, Hanoverian consul, made a beciuest to the Sunday school of $500, the interest on THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 273 which was to be used to purchase books for the library, which fuud the trustees of the church still hold for that purpose. For many years the Washington Service was used, but in 1894 the Common Service was introduced. In 1882, through the ef- forts of Prof. James S. Nussear, organist, a large, two-manual pipe organ was installed and is still in use and good condition. In 1913 it was improved by the addition of an electric motor. In 1897, the old church being in bad condition, the council and the pastor, Rev. J. F. Crigler, decided to tear it down and replace it with a modern stone structure. The corner stone of the new church was laid in 1898, the first pastor, Eev. Dr. Benjamin Sadtler. preaching the sermon. Through the efforts of St. Paul's pastor, the Rev. J. F. Crigler, and som.e of the congregation, the new and flourishing church at Govans was begun. The church since it lias become distinctively Lutheran has been served by the following pastors: Rev. Dr. Benjamin Sadtler, 1862-1876; Rev. J. R. Dimm, 1877-1878 ; Rev. J. G. ^Morris, 1879-1889 ; Rev. A. S. Fichtern. 1889-1890; Rev. W. A. Sadtler, son of Dr. Sadtler. 1890-1892; Rev. D. S. Hoover. 1892-1895; Rev. S. P. Plughes. 1895-1896; Rev. John F. Crigler, 1896-1915; Rev. P. F. Bloomhardt, 1915. From its members have gone to India as missionaries. Miss Kate Sadtler. ^frs. Albrecht, Miss Rebecca Hoffman, and Dr. Eleanor Wolf. ST. JOHN'S LUTHEKAX CHURCH, PAEKVILLE, MD. Rev. W. E. Saltzgiver, Pastor. St. John's Church was organized July 24, 1887, with thirty- two members. Previous to the organization two services were held in Hiss IMethodist Episcopal Church, Harford Road, by the first pastor in charge. Rev. Louis Rymarski, the first on Sunday afternoon, June 19, 1887, when sixty persons were present, and the pastor preached on the sermon from Psalm 22:31, "They shall come and declare his righteousness unto a people that shall be born. " The second meeting was held on July 17, when seventy attended. At the close of that meeting the people present voted to be organized as a congregation. July 24 was set for that pur- pose. On that day a constitution was presented by the pastor, which was received and adopted by the members, according to 18 274 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. which the newly organized church was caUed "Deutsche Verein- igte evaugelische (lutherischen-reformierte) St. Johannes Ge- meinde" — German United Evangelical Lutheran Reformed St. John's Congregation. According to this constitution, Art. 1, sec. 3, Luther's Small Catechism and the Heidelberg Catechism shall be used as text-books for the instruction of the young, and Art. VIII provides that both l)read and wafers shall be used at Holy Communion. On the day when the organiza- tion was effected the sum of $1,000 was subscribed by the members for the erection of a church build- ing, a mark that surpassed the hopes of many for the day. The corner stone of the present church building was laid Sunday afternoon, September 11, 1887, by the first pastor, who was assisted in the service by the Revs. Edward Huber. Nicholas Buckhardt, both of Baltimore City, and Rev. Hyde, of Lliss Methodist Episcopal Church. The building was completed and dedicated Sunday afternoon, November 27. when the same ministers who assisted in the laying of the corner stone were present and took part in the dedication service. The Sunday school was organized on the morning of the day when the church was dedicated, the pastor being the first super- intendent. The Ladies' Aid Society was organized in the same month, November. 1887. The first communion was held on Christmas Day, 1887, when, according to the records, twenty- eight persons took part in the celebration. The Young People's Society was organized by the sixth pastor in charge. Rev. August E. Ernst. September, 1907. The pastors of the congregation have been as follows : Rev. Louis Rymarski, June, 1887, to November, 1888 ; Rev. Karl Buff, November. 1888, to October, 1892 ; Rev. Dr. Rape, October, 1892, to December, 1893; Rev. Henry Gyr. December, 1893, to Sep- tember, 1899 ; Rev. Richard W. jungfer. October, 1899, to March. 1906; Rev. August E. Ernst, July, 1906, to August, 1908; Rev. Frederick Hahn-Zumpf, August, 1908, to June, 1909; Rev. Richard TJlhorn, February. 1910. to April, 1912 ; Rev. A. William Eev. W. E. Saltzgiver. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 275 Ahl, May, 1918, to October, 1916 ; Rev. Henry C. Sdilueter, D.D., October'lo, 1916, to March 1, 1918. The congregation was received into the IMaryland Synod in January, 1918. It was in July, 1918, that a call was extended to the present pastor, then pastor of the Uniontown Lutheran charge. He en- tered the field August 1, 1918. Since that date the communicant membership has been in- creased from forty to more than one hundred and ten. The con- gregation has a substantial church building and a modern par- sonage, valued at $10,000, free from debt. The Sunday school has a membership of 117, the Luther League 45, and the Ladies' Aid 30. The Board of Home ^Missions gives help in raising the pastor's salary in the amount of H^200 annually. TRINITY LUTHERAX CHURCH, REISTERSTOWN, MD. Rev. Paul W. Quay, Pastor. Trinity Lutheran Church was organized August 10, 1855, by Rev. Daniel Hauer, itinerant pastor of IManchester, Bachman's. St. Paul's (Arcadia), Schaetfer's, and Iloffacker's. at the ln»me of John Gies, Sr. Fourteen char- ter members were present. A committee of two. John Gies, Sr., and Lewis Tritle, was named to secure a suitable place of worship, and Lewis Tritle was appointed to apply, in Ix^half of the newly formed congregation, for admis sion into the IMaryland Synod. The little Hock was received by the Synod the same year. They met for worship in the lower room of the Odd Fellows Hall from 1855 to 1866, being served successively by Rev. AVilliam . Heilig, of Lu- tiierville (1855-59) ; Rev. J. M. Grabill (1860-61), and Rev. Jos- eph R. Focht (1861-6-1). During Rev. Grabill's pastorate Reister- town was united with St. Paul's (Arcadia) and Trenton congre- gations into one charge, and when Rev. Focht became pastor Rev. Paul W. Quay. 276 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Chestnut Ridge was added. Rev. Foeht preached in botli the German and English hmguages. While yet occupying Odd Fellows Hall, the Sunday school was organized (September 18, 1864) under the name "'Harmony Sunday School." The organization did not become known as "Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Sunday School" until about 1890, although it had become distinctly Lutheran long before that time. The first superintendent, Lewis Tritle, was succeeded after a year by Reister Russell, who served in that capacity from 1866 to"l878, and again from 1899 to 1918. Brother Russell was present at the organiza- t Trinity Li:t]]ekax Cjiukcu Keisterstown, Md. tion of the Sunday school and continued a faithful member thereof for fifty- four years. He is still ac- tive in the life of the church and a highly es- t(^emed member of the council. At the resignation of Rev. Focht. Rev. Jacob IMartin, of Westminster, was elected to sevve the combined congregations. During the early years of Rev. INTartin 's pastorate, the little flock began to feel the need of a more fit- ting place of worship. Accordingly a subscrip- nd the work commenced. The corner stone tion list was opened was laid on July 8, 1866, and the building dedicated the follow- ing year. Mention is made in the records of the faithful and ef- ficient service of the Building Committee, John Geis, Sr., George Kephart, and George Crawford. In 1867 Rev. jMartin resigned from St. Paul's and devoted all his time to Triuitv, until he left, in 1871. Rev. Heilig again came to the aid of this congregation and served them in connection with Chestnut Ridge. But the dis- tance between the two churches made the combination impracti- cable and accordingly Rev. Heilig resigned after two years of service here. Then Reisterstown was reunited with St. Paul's and Rev. C. Lepley, who had been supplying the latter, was elected to serve THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 277 the new charge. He accepted and continued his worl< with the combined congregations until 1881. Rev. Lepley was the first pastor to occupy the Reisterstown parsonage, a double-brick dwelling adjoining the church, which had been purchased at the suggestion of the ladies of the congregation. Rev. Lepley was succeeded by Rev. Albert Bell, of the Gettys- burg Seminary, as pastor of Trinity and St. Paul's, and at the termination of his pastorate (188-1:), Rev. George H. Beckley was elected. Rev. Beckley served the combined congregations for thirteen years, at the end of which time, "because of the age of their pastor * * * the congregation at Reisterstown concluded to withdraw from St. Paul's and keep Rev. Beckley to themselves * * * the Synod sanctioned the separation." Rev. Beckley con- tinued his pastorate at Trinity seven years longer, finally giving up the work in October, 1904. Rev. Silas H. Culler, from the Seminary at Gettysburg, was elected to fill the place of the retiring pastor and commenced his labors early in 1905. In the fall of the same year the congrega- tion, which had been steadily growing in numl^ers and influence during the half century of its history, determined to erect a new place of worship on the site of the building then being used. A building committee consisting of ^lessrs. Reister Russell, John Neel, F. H. Zouck, Kephart Pfeffer, and G. H. Stevenson, was elected. The old edifice was soon torn down and the new one under way. The corner stone was laid on August 5, 1906, and the building completed and dedicated the following summer. The new church is an ornamental brick structure. It contains four memorial windows, which are surpassed foi- beauty and quality of workmanship by few larger churches. During Rev. Culler's pastorate, J. Edward Graefe, a member of Trinity con- gregation, graduated from the Seminary at Gettys])urg, was or- dained by the Maryland Synod, and is now rendering noble and efficient service in the Guntur mission of India, The present pastor. Paul W. Quay, took up the work here on May 16, 1918. The community promises to grow and the golden age of Trinity Lutheran lies before her. ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, SPARROWS POINT, MD. Rev. Will F. Bare, Pastor. Many of the pioneers who helped to build the steelworks at Sparrows Point were Lutherans from Pennsjdvania. They longed 278 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. for the ehureli of their fathers and began hy organizing a Sun- day school in the pul)lie school Iniilding located frt Fourth and D Streets. Pastors from Baltimore on various occasions came and preached to the Lutherans on the Point. Rev. H. H. Weber, then pastor of Grace Lutheran Church in Baltimore, several times brought his choir and church members by boat to Sparrow's Point to give the people a regular church service. The Rev. A. S. Ilartman, D.D., Secretary of the Board of Home ]\Lssions, had the oversight of the work and erected a temporary organization Septem- ber 28, 1891. On iMarch 1, 1892, the Rev. XL F. Kroh was commissioned by the Board as the first regular mis- sionary. He served the congrega- tion for one year. The tlock was then without a pastor for over six years, except during the vacation of 1894, when George Beiswanger, a student in the Seminary at Get- tysburg, ministered to them. Dur- ing this long vacancy there was great industrial depression be- cause of the panic all over the country. Many members of the church accepted employment elsewhere. Throughout the dis- couraging years, until the next pastor came, the Gerhardts, Sim- mons, Potteigers, Gladfelters, and others, maintained their or- ganization and kept alive the Lutheran Sunday school in the school house. June 1, 1898, a brighter day dawned upon the congregation. The Rev. C. S. Jones became the second pastor. He served the congregation very acceptably for two years. A house of Avorship was erected during his pastorate. The corner stone of the new building at Seventh and D Streets was laid in December, 1898. He was followed by Rev. S. J. ^Miller on August 1, 1900. Dur- ing his ministry of two years and two months the church paid its indebtedness, except a mortgage of $500 held by the Board of Church p]xtension. Rev. George I. Uhler became pastor November 1, 1902. He served faithfull}' for nine years and nine months. Pastor Uhler secured the money to build the parsonage adjoining the church. After seven years ' labor he had the ,joy of seeing the membership Rev. Will F. Bare. THE CHURCHES OF BALTIMORE AND VICINITY. 279 increased to one hundred and four, and the congregation as- sumed self-support. The late Rev. A. D. Bell became pastor September 1, 1913, and served three years, when on account of failing health he resigned. After a vacancy of eight months, on jNIarch 1, 1917, Rev. Will F. Bare became pastor of the fifty-seven members. The congre- gation still owed $475 on the mortgage given nineteen years be- fore. In a six weeks' campaign they paid the entire indebtedness and provided a nucleus for a new church building. The one hundred and thirty members are ready to contract for their new church at a cost of $20,000. During the late war thirty-five sturdy Lutheran lads from this congregation entered their country's service. The congregation led the IMaryland Synod in average giving for the Soldiers' and Sailors' Fund. In benevolence for the Synod the contribution is more than twice the apportionment. In 1917 the congregation sent George ^Mahane}^ as their first student for the ministry. Herbert j\I. Linn, the second candidate for the holy calling, entci'ed college in 1919. Sister Zora Heckert. House Mother, Baltimore Inner Mission Society. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE EASTERN CONFERENCE. Rev. Harry D. Tseavcomer, Superintendent, Baltimore Inner Mission Society. Rev. J. H. Turner, D.D., Ruxton, Md. Rev. C. M. Eyster, Baltimore, Md. Chaplain P. F. Bloomhardt, U. S. S. "George Wasliington. " CHAPTER XIV. THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, WASHINGTON, D. C. Rev. John T. Huddle, D.D. Pastor. In 1800 the capital of the United States was removed to the City of Washington. Thirty-two years previously, in 1768. eight years before the Declaration of Independence, one Jacob Fnnk, a German landowner of this locality, had laid out a town which popularly bore his name and had s(4 aside a lot therein for the use of a "German Lu- theran Congregation. ' ' It was not until 1833, however, that a body of German Lutherans, who had been worshipping in the City Hall, secured possession of the lot hy a decision of the Ilnited States Supreme Court, and erected a chur'-h thereon. This congi'c- gation eventually be- came known as the Con- cordia Lutheran Church and still occupies the old site at Twentieth and G Streets, Northwest. At the Concordia, how- ever, services were held in German. The young- fir generation wanted St. Paul 's Lutheran Church, Washington, D. C. them in English, some of the older members sympathized with the idea, and a separate Sunday school was started in 1842. In that year, by resolution of the Maryland Synod, the new body was established as a mission. There were forty charter members. 281 282 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD, The old Odd Fellows' Hall (afterward known as Todd's TIall) on Pennsylvania Avenue, was secured as a place of worship and the tirst service was held there on January 8, 1848. At this meet- ing Rev. Albert A. Muller, D.D., appears as the first pastor. The complete organization, however, did not take place until Easter Sunday morning. April 15, 1848, when the tirst council was elected. This was composed as follows : Andrew Noerr, president ; Henry Grieb and Cornele Andrae, wardens ; John A. Emmons, treasurer ; Grafton Powell, secretary, and J. C. Roem- mele, Charles F. Bihler, John P. Stallings. William Utermehle, and John E. Scheel. At the convention of the ^Maryland Synod in October, 1848, Dr. Muller reported forty communicant members in the congre- gation, and six teachers and sixty-one scholars in the Sunday school. ]\Ieetings continued to be held in Odd Fellows' Hall for over two years, but plans were early discussed for securing a perma- nent church home. General John P. Van Ness, who was well known for his public spirit and numerous benefactions, was ap- pealed to by a committee of ladies of the congregation and re- sponded generously by donating the lot upon which the church and parsonage now stand. The next problem was the erection of a church building. Ap- peals were made to private persons and to the Lutheran Church at large, and Dr. Muller made house to house visitations in West- ern IMaryland and Northern Virginia. Finally, after much toil, enough money was collected to start work. On June 12, 1844, the corner stone was laid with imposing ceremonies. Notable among the guests were General Van Ness and Ex-President John Quincy Adams. Rev, John G. Morris, D.D., then President of the General Synod, delivered the address, and Dr. Benjamin Kurtz took a prominent part in the exercises. As soon as possible the basement of the church was finished in modest style and was used by both church and Sunday school. The first service was held in this room on March 15, 1845. The financial situation was serious and further solicitation was neces- sary. An expedient was adopted by the council at this time which is worthy of record because of its picturesque character. A memorial was addressed to Frederick William IV, King of Prussia, signed by the church council, mayor of Washington and prominent citizens, stamped with the seal of the city and of the United States, and officially endorsed by John C. Calhoun, Secre- tary of State. This document was sent to the American Minister at Berlin and officially presented by him to the Prussian King. No financial benefit seems to have been derived from the experi- THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 283 ment, but in due time a silver chalice was received by the con- gregation bearing the following inscription : "Friederich Wilhelm IV Konig und Elisabeth Konigen von Preussen der Evangelischen Gemeinde zu St. Paul in AVashiiig- ton. 18-4:5." (Frederick William IV King, and Elizabeth, Queen of Prussia, to the Evangelical Church of St. Paul in Washington. 18-15.") This cup has been used at every communion service since that time. Dr. Muller's connection with St. Paul's ended al)ruptly in June, 1846, after a pastorate of three years and five months. The congregation had become sadly disorganized and so low had the church funds been reduced that even the old-fashioned settees in the lecture room were threatened wnth removal by the cabinet- maker for default in payment. Under such conditions, Rev. John E. Graeff, who had been but recently ordained to the ministry, was elected pastor on Novem- ber 23, 1846. Work was immediately begun on the superstruc- ture of the church, and on Sunday, October 1, 1848, pastor and people had the supreme satisfaction of dedicating the completed building to the service of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost. Rev. J. G. ]\Iorris, of Baltimore, F. W. Conrad, of Hagerstown, and C. P. Krauth, of Winchester, were the officiating clergymen. Among those present were James K. Polk, President of the United States, with his wife and household; James Buchanan, then Secretary of State ; IMembers of Congress, and many other high officers of the government. The young pastor, however, had sacrificed his health to the en- terprise. He succumbed to several attacks of vertigo, and on two occasions was overcome in the pulpit. His physicians advised him to resign and with sad heart he bade farewell to St. Paul 's on July 2, 1849, his pastorate having lasted two years and eight months. It was his first and only charge. Mr. Graeff later be- came a successful coal merchant of Philadelphia, noted for his liberality and especially for his large benefactions to Pennsyl- vania College, his Alma Mater. Mr. Graeff was succeeded by another young man from the Seminary, Rev. John George Butler. The latter began his pas- torate on July 16, 1849. The old specter of church debt had to be faced again, but under the courageous leadership of the young pastor, success was achieved at last. Then came the eventful years of the Civil War. At the outbreak of that struggle. Dr. Butler declared himself squarely for the government and against secession. His bold utterances on the great questions of the day l)rought many strangers to his services and gained manv friends 284 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. for the church, among the rcijular attendants being Hon. Schuy- ler Colfax, Vice-President of the United States; General Ekin, and others prominent in the Army and in Congress. President Lincoln appointed Dr. Butler chaplain to the hospitals in and around Washington, and in this capacity Dr. Butler served to the close of the war. The assassination of President Lincoln oc- curred within three and a half blocks of St. Paul's Church. After the surrender at Appomattox, St. Paul's being now filled to overflowing, the thought of Lutheran enlargement came. This took shape in the organization of the present Memorial Church, so called as "A memorial of God's goodness in delivering the land from slavery and from war. ' ' In March, 1866, the com- manding site at Thomas Circle was purchased by the people of St. Paul's for eight thousand dollars and a chapel was erected, being dedicated on Sunday, July 5, 1868. Preaching services were begun and from 1868 to the final organization of Memorial in 1873, Dr. Butler, with the aid of associate pastors, had charge of both the old and new congregations. When the corner stone of Memorial was laid, October 31, 1870, the pastor reported: ' ' The cash book shows that nearly $30,000 have been paid into our treasury, largely by the people of St. Paul's, but embracing con- tributions from all parts of the country." In 1869 a mission was also planted on Capitol Hill. This de- veloped into the Church of the Reformation, with Rev. W. E. Parson as pastor. Speaking of this period, Dr. Parson said, ' ' Two of us kept three churches alive for some years. Dr. Butler preached in the morning at St. Paul's and at night in the Me- morial. I preached in the morning on Capitol Hill and at night in St. Paul's. Thus each outpost had one service a day, and at the old hive there were two services. ' ' In May of this same year the twenty-fourth biennial convention of the General Synod was held in St. Paul's with one hundred and ten delegates present. At this convention the Boards of Home INIissions and Church Ex- tension were created and the system of apportionment for raising benevolence adopted. Since the inauguration of this system St. Paul's has never gone to Synod without its apportionment met, and often doubled. On April 1, 1873, Dr. Butler resigned from St. Paul's and be- came pastor of Memorial. Seventeen years, therefore, he was pastor of St. Paul's exclusively, and then seven years more in conjunction with the preparatory Avork at Memorial, having in the meantime four associate pastors successively and making his total pastorate at St. Paul 's twenty-three years and nine months. The associate pastors of St. Paul's from 1868 to the close of Dr. THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 285 Butler's pastorate were the Revs. II. S. Cook, July to September, 1868; H. C. Grossman, 1868-69; W. E. Parson, 1869-71, and Henry B. Belmer, 1872-73. The latter succeeded Dr. Butler as pastor of St. Paul 's. Speaking of his pastorate, ]\Ir. Belmer said, "There are some still remaining who will recall what a critical time it was for that church. The Memorial colony that went out included many of our most active members. The thinning of the ranks could not but be noticed and perhaps at times was a cause of discour- agement to pastor and people, which finally prompted him to re- sign in September, 1874. But he can claim an indirect share in the after years of St. Paul 's prosperity, in being the means of se- curing Rev. Samuel Domer, D.D., as his successor, who so nolily served this church during the rest of his life." Mr. Belmer 's pastorate ended on October 1. 1874. having lasted one year and six months. Dr. Domer arrived in Washing- ton from Trinity Church, Shamo- kin. Pa., on November 5, 1874. The congregation was so greatly weakened in resources and de- pressed in spirit that many doubt- ed the possibility of recovery and urged that the property be sold and the people join with ^rcnio- rial. But said Dr. Domer, ' ' 1 found a little company of deter- mined men and women who re- mained devoted to St. Paul's and rallied around the new pastor with such earnestness as to inspire the strongest expectations of suc- cess and blessing in the new departure. ' ' The little band moved bravely forward, others joined the ranks, and before long the struggling, doubting remnant became a vigorous, thriving con- gregation. In 1877 the audience room of the church was improved at a cost of $1,040, and in 1881 further improvements were made at a cost of over $3,700. At this time the outside of the building was remodeled, the towers finished, walls resurfaced with arti- ficial stone, and a new front and vestibule erected. The year 1883 marked the four hundredth anniversary of Lu- ther's birth, and it is safe to say that no congregation observed Rev. Sajmuei. Domer, D.D. 286 IIISTOHY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. it more httiiiiily than St. Paul's. After a series of fouiiccii l:'c- tnres on the Reformation, by the pastor, the celebration readied its climax in a great jilatform meeting in the church on Sunday evening, November 11, 1883. The church was packed to the doors. General Eaton, Commissioner of Education, presided, and thrilling addresses were delivered by Pere Hyacinthe, the famous Catholic reformer of Paris, who happened to be in Wash- ington at the time ; Hon. Simon Wolf, the celebrated Jewish leader and formerly United States consul in Egypt ; "Sir. B. II. Warner, a prominent business man of the city, and Dr. David Wills, of the Presbyterian Church and chaplain, U. S. A. This was, without doubt, one of the most notable events in the history of St. Paul's, and has been pronounced "one of the most re- markable and interesting services, in all respects, of any that have ever taken place in any church of that city. ' ' St. Paul's was now sailing along like a magnificent ship in full career, with all canvas spread and her colors flashing brilliantly in the sun. In 1887 a mission Sunday school was started in Blake's Hall on Seventh Street, Southwest, with Mr. N. Z. Seitz as superintendent, and two years later eight members of St. Paul's received honorable dismission to "unite with and assist in the organization of a new congregation, to ])e known as St. INIark's Lutheran Church of South Washington." The present St. ]\Iark's is the result. The next year extensive improvements were made on the church building at a cost of over $8,900. A special feature Avas the addition of a pipe organ toward which Mrs. Ann T. Clary contributed two thousand dollars as a memorial to her son James. On April 16 and 17, 1893, St. Paul's celebrated its semi-cen- tennial. The occasion will be long remembered. At the anni- versary services on Sunday morning the sermon was prcniched l)y Rev. J. G. IMorris, D.D., LL.D., and in the evening the pastor presented a historical sketch and reminiscent addresses were de- livered by Rev. J. E. Graeff, Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D., and Rev. W. E. Parson, D.D. On IMonday night a grand reception and banquet were held at the National Rifles Armory, tables being spread for over one thousand guests. As a souvenir of the anni- versary a historical volume of the church and Sunday school was compiled by Dr. Domer and Mr. Lucius D. Alden. The semi- centennial council was composed as follows : The Pastor, Rev. Samuel Domer, D.D., chairman ex-officio; John C. Parker, pres- ident; Albert F. Fox, treasurer; H. H. Seltzer, secretary; B. Frank Meyers, financial secretary ; A. S. Johnson, M. M. Rouzer, and Edward T. Kaiser. 288 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Special reference must be made to the Sunday school at this time. Under the able administration of Lucius D. Ald. C 308 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. be given to the Ladies' Aid Society. In addition to their efforts to reduce the church debt, they have for years looked after the parsonage, which they built years ago, paying for all repairs and improvements. June 1, 1912, Rev. Richard Schmidt, after a pastorate of nearly eight years at St. Peter's Church, Syracuse, N. Y., became Zion's pastor. Soon there was an agitation to complete the appoint- ments of our beautiful edifice by installing a large modern pipe organ in the space near the altar. The organ was built by the ]\I. P. Moeller Company, of Hagerstown, Md., at a cost of $2,000, and was dedicated June 11, 1914. At the same time electric light was secured for the whole building. ]\Iiss IMartha JNIetzler generously presented a beautiful and costly communion service with individual cups. In the summer of 1914 Pastor Schmidt was given a three months' furlough for a visit to the German fatherland, after an absence of thirty years. The enjoyment and benefit of the trip were neutralized by the outbreak of the horrible Avar. Upon their return the pastor and his wife felt doubly grateful that the good Lord had brought them to this country and to such a devoted congregation as our Zion. The language question, which had been troublesome at times in Zion's history, was definitely and happily settled when the congregation adopted the pastor's suggestion to have a service in each language every Sunday morning, the evening services being all English. AVhile this arrangement has added to the pastor's labor, and withal leaves him very little time for the Sunday school session, neither he nor the school have thus far suffered. The Sunday school, under its capable superintendent and loyal officers and teachers, has made remarkable progress. Bible classes for men and women and the growth in all departments have required more room. The house adjoining the church on Sixth Street was purchased for $4,000 and the lower floor con- verted into a fine chapel for the Primary Department. This in- creased Zion's debt again to $10,000, but the zeal and the liber- ality increased also, especially in the Sunday school, which, to- gether with the Ladies' Aid Society and a few individuals, made a payment of $1,000 as a 1916 Christmas gift to the church. During the World War Zion gave twenty-three young men to active military service. One of them made the supreme sacri- fice, William I. Deardorff, who had begun his education at Get- tysburg in preparation for the Lutheran ministry. As a fitting memorial to their dead hero his parents will educate another worthy young man for the ministry. THE CHURCHES OP WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 309 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF GEORGETOWN, D. 0. Bev. George D. Clarke, Pastor. The Georgetown congregation is the pioneer Lutheran organ- ization of "Washington. It was organized in 1769, thirty-two years before that city became the capital of the nation. This is indicated by a deed recorded in Frederick, jNIaryland, May 17, 1770, and by a decision of the Supreme Court, which in review- ing the title to this property in 1829 recognized that "an organ- ized unincorporated Lutheran congregation existed here as early as 1769." One of the four lots given for public uses in Georgetown was for a Lutheran church. A log church was at once erected on this lot l)y the German Lutherans who lived in Georgetown and along Rock Creek, and services were conduct- ed more or less irregularly by various non-resident ministers. Traditi-on says that George Wash- ington attended at least one serv- ice in this church. The founder of Georgetown Presbyterianism held his first services for his peo- ple in this Lutheran church about 17S0. The church appears to have been under the fostering care of the famous Lutheran missionary preachers, the Muhlenbergs. Rev. Peter Muhlenberg, the "fighting parson" of Woodstock, Va., made missionary tours in many directions seeking to gather together the scattered mem- bers of his faith. For a time, in 1779, owing to their inability to secure a Lutheran pastor, the congregation was served by an Episcopal minister by the name of Brooke. A German minister from Philadelphia served them during part of the year 1796. Another German minister was secured in 1799. The difficulty of securing permanent pastoral oversight will be understood when it is borne in mind that at that time the number of Lutherans in what is now the United States was but a few thousand. They had but few ministers, and not a single denominational college or Rev. George D. Clarke. 310 HISTORY OF MARYI.AXD SYNOD. theological seminary in the country from which ti) draw their pastors. The log- church of 1769 having fallen into decay, after a lapse of some years a second building — a frame structure — was erected about the year 1885. This was used, like the first building, more or less irregularly, as a house of worship and perhaps as a parish school also, at times, up to a period within the memory of people still living, as it was still standing at the time of the Civil War. The Georgetown congregation continued its independent and struggling existence a half century after the organization of the iMaryland Synod before it became connected with any Synod, and received no assistance from other congregations or from the IMaryland Synod, on whose territory it was located. The attention of the Synod was several times directed to the needs of the struggling band of Lutherans in Georgetown. But the first definite move towards a permanent formal organization came from another direction. On June 24, 1866, at the residence of Henry A. Kaiser, a German Lutheran congregation was formally organized with the purpose of continuing the work of the church on the Georgetown property and making use of it. They elected John Kaiser president, George F. Wetzerich secre- tary, and Charles INFemmert treasurer. Eleven other gentlemen soon afterward joined the organization. On June 27, 1867. James Gossler, Henry C. Kaiser, H. B. Wis- ner. J. C. Kaiser, and George F. Wetzerick, were elected by the congregation, and on July 22d were properly confirmed by the Supreme Coiirt of the District of Columbia as trustees of the German Lutheran congregation of Georgetown. D. C. It was decided to build a one-story brick building for church and paro- chial school purposes, and Rev. Samuel D. Finckel, D.D., then pastor of Concordia Lutheran Church, of Washington, was chosen pastor of the congregation. The services rendered this small congregation by Rev. Dr. Finckel were in addition to his work as pastor of the Concordia church. He did not serve Georgetown very long, however, be- cause on November 16, 1868. a very pressing invitation was ex- tended by this congregation to Rev. J. J. Suman, then living in Washington, and engaged in the government service, to preach for them. On Sunday, January 3, 1869, he received a formal call to become pastor of the church. He accepted the call and was formally installed by the President of the IMaryland Synod on January 24th. Rev. IMr. Suman was thus the first permanent pastor formally installed by authority of any synod over this little band of Lutherans tenaciously clinging to the Augsburg THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 311 Confession and to a Georgetown lot donated for Lutheran church purposes just a century before that installation. The pastorate was received into the JMarylaud Synod and re]iorted to that body in the fall of 1869, twenty-five communicant members in the church, and ten otlicers and teachers and sixty scholars in the Sunday school. On February 27, 1870, during the ministry of Rev. Mr. Suman, it was resolved, by a vote of the trustees, that "hereafter the church building be devoted exclusively to church purposes." There was some bitter feeling over this action, as the Germans took offense at it and ceased attending church services and Sun- day school ; l)ut the German day school was closed and no Ger- man has been used since that time in the church or school. One of the old heirlooms still possessed and highly prized by the con- gregation, coming down from its early history, is its large old German pulpit Bible, printed in Tuebiiigen, Germany, in 1730. On October 30, 1870, aii English congregation was regularly and constitutionally organized, supplanting all prior organiza- tions, with an even dozen members. The records do not give the date of Kev. ]\Ir. Suman 's resig- nation, but it must have been within a few months after this or- ganization of the strictly English congregation, inasmuch as Rev. George A. Nixdortf was invited to visit the field with a view to becoming pastor. The chronicler adds that "he visited us, was pleased, and on tlie first Sunday in April, 1871, he preached his first sermon as i)astor of the church." At the annual meeting of the ^laryland Synod, in the fall of 1871, there were reported eleven communicant members in the church, and seven teachers and forty-five scholars in the Sunday school. The reorganized congregation was received into connec- tion with the INIaryland Synod, and was represented that year, 1871, by its first lay delegate, Mr. John W. Eli. A debt of $1,800 that rested on the congregation at the be- ginning of ]\Ir. Simian's pastorate was successfully paid off through the assiduous efforts of Pastors Suman and Nixdorff and a donation of $500 from the IMaryland Synod. Rev. JMr. Nixdorff continued as pastor until June 3, 189-1, making a most faithful and self-sacrificing pastorate of more than twenty-three years, for he never received any financial return from this congregation through all those years. In October, 189-1, Rev. Stanley Billheimer took up the work of this pastorate, reporting at that time a total of twenty-five com- municant mem]:)ers in the church, and eleven officers and teachers and forty-five scholars in the Sunday school. During his pastor- 312 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. ate of ten years, ending October 31, 1901, the church member- ship increased to seventy-eight communicants, and the Sunday school enrollment to eight officers and teachers and eighty-two scholars, and the church property was much improved on the exterior and in the interior at a cost of about $3,000. Rev. David Bittle Floyd, D.D., was called to the pastorate and took up its duties April 1, 1905, but resigned five months later, September 10, 1905, to accept a theological professorship in Sus- quehanna University at Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Uui'ing liis short pastorate he nevertheless rendered efficient service, added a number to the church, and introduced part of the historic Com- mon Service. Rev. Luther Hess Waring, Ph.D., began serving the congrega- tion as acting pastor March 1, 1906. On October 25th following, the congregation extended him a formal call, to take effect No- vember 1, which he accepted, and he was regularly installed as pastor November 13, 1906. During the pastorate of Dr. Waring, the church having come into possession of $20,000 through the generous bequest of one of her honored members, Daniel E. Eli, it was made possible to erect the present beautiful house of wor- ship, which was dedicated to the glory of God, February 7, 1915. After having faithfully and successfully served the congregation for a period of ten years. Dr. Waring resigned August 31, 1916. He was succeeded by Rev. N. J. Gould Wickey, who had just graduated from Gettysburg Seminary and who assumed the pas- toral care September 1, 1916. Rev. Wickey 's pastorate was of short duration, resigning June 24, 1917, but he left a happy im- pression upon the hearts of his people. His pastorate was pro- ductive of great increase to the church. Rev. Wickey was succeeded by the Rev. George D. Clarke, who assumed the pastoral care, January 1, 1918. LUTHERAN CHURCH OF OUR REDEEMER, WASinNGTON, D. C. Eev. D. E. Wisema7i, D.D., Pastor. The Church of Our Redeemer, a colored Lutheran congrega- tion, located on Eighth Street above Florida Avenue, N. W., grew out of a desire of a few white friends of the colored people to help them solve their many problems, especially along the spiritual lines. The work was first started as a Sunday school, under the name THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 01 o of "Lutheran Mission." A small hall, known as Worthington Hall, located on Brightwood Avenue, but better known now as Georgia Avenue was procured and for the space of ten months quite an interesting body of children was gathered from the neighborhood each Sunday afternoon at 3 o'clock. With the aid of a few volunteer teachers from other denominations some good work was done for the children, as well as for the community. On August 9, 1885, the corner stone of the church, which is located at Eighth Street near Barry Place, N. W., was laid amid great rejoicing and in the presence of quite an audience of white as well as colored people. The choir of the Memorial Lutheran Church furnished the music, and its pastor, the Rev. John George Butler, D.D., acted as chairman of the occasion. Dr. Butler used the following words: "This church of our Redeemer, whose corner stone is laid to-day in the name of the Triune God, had its inception in the conviction and desire of some of our Lutheran people to work with other fellow^ Christians among the rapidly multiplying peoples of color of which there are now more than ten thousand in this capital city, furnishing a large and promising field for Christian labors. ' ' Associated with Dr. Butler in the ceremonies of that auspicious Sunday afternoon were the Revs. Samuel Domer, of St. Paul's; G. A. Nixdorf , of Georgetown, D. C. ; W. E. Parson, of Reformation, and G. A. Slaybaugh. At the conclusion of the service the pas- tor, the Rev. Daniel E. Wiseman, pronounced the benediction. The church building is of pressed brick, Gothic structure, and is twenty-five feet wide and seventy-five feet long. It is fur- nished with pews, pipe organ, bell and other necessary furnish- ings. It was one of the first churches of our denomination in the city to have a robed choir. It is in all its appointments up- to-date and furnishes to its }\^orshippers a nice, bright, cozy audi- torium well fitted for worsliip. The church, though small from the standpoint of membership, has stood in the forefront in all movements for the welfare of humanity. It has not only preached a gospel of regeneration, repentance Rev. I). E. Wiseman, D.D. 314 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. and faith, as being essential in the making of Christians for the other world, but it has tried to instill in the minds of its members and hearers the necessity of these things for the ])res('nt as well as for the life to come. The influence and activities of the Church of Our Redeemer for civic improvements have been many and varied. When the government in years gone by could not see the utility of the kin- dergarten system, it was left to this church to foster by the help of kind friends one of the first six free schools of its kind, which to-day is an important phase of the school system of the District of Columbia. The church being small, as well as poor, not being able to pay the teacher, a friend of the pastor 's. a I^nitarian lady and a few of her friends, furnished the salary, while a colored lady furnished the necessary furniture for the room. Ijater in the history of the work a Lutheran lady who conducted a kinder- garten training school in the city assist«^d in the work. I)y sending two of her pupils each day. This work was carried on free of charge to the children until the government adopted it. Other efforts were put forth in the organizing of a Lutheran Alliance, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, Sew- ing School, etc. Its pastor, the Rev. Daniel Wiseman, D.D., was born in the Island of St. Thomas, Danish West Indies, but now one of the Virgin Islands of the United States. He is of Lutheran parentage. He came to Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1871, when yet a boy, and joined St. Matthew's English Lutheran Church. He sat under the pas- torates of the Rev. 1. K. Funk (of Funk and Wagnalls), Tlgen Burrell, by whom he was confirmed ; A. S. Hartman, and M. W. Hamma. It was the intention of Mr. Wiseman to enter Gettysburg to prepare for his work in life. But through the kindness of Rev. J. G. Butler and the help of the Maryland Synod, of which he is a member by licensure and ordination, he took his course at Howard University, AVashington, D. C. This church, as has already been said, is a small one, but tak- ing it from all angles there is no more loyal and self-sacrificing people to be found anywhere than those who make up this con- gregation. The advice and help of the pastor is sought often by Protestants, Catholics and Jews, as well as others. THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 315 THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE EPIPH- ANY, WASHINGTON, D. C. Rev. Charles F. Sfeck, D.B., Pastor. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Epiphany, of Wash- ington, D. C. was organized on Sunday, February 7, 1909. by forty-eight members of the Memorial Lutheran Church of that city, who had withdrawn from the ^lemorial because of the con- duet of a special congregational meeting of that church called to adjust radical differences among its members as to its internal man- agement. L. Russell Alden, now Treasurer of the ^Maryland Synod, conducted the first session of its Sunday school and his father, Lu- cius D. Alden. for many yeai's su- perintendent of the Sunday school of St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Washington, and later a member and elder of the IMemorial Church, conducted its first church services. Tlie withdrawal of these mem- bers fi'om the ^Memorial was not premeditated and their initial or- ganization was a temporary one. designed to hold them together until a reconciliation with the other members of the ^lemorial could be effected or other plans made. To it they gave the name ''Independent Lutheran Congregation."' It soon appearing that such a reconciliation was impossible, on ^larch 25, 1909. the or- ganization was made permanent. In the following October a constitution was adopted and the following officers were elected: Lucius D. Alden, Charles S. Sloane and Harry R. Burrell, elders; Abner Y. Leech, Jr., Wil- liam L. Rhoads, I. B. Dodson, Frederick C. H. Wurdeman, Louis E. Hoover and Walter Locke, deacons, and Rev. George II. Slay- baugh, Henry F. Lerch, Sr., and Joseph W. Zimmerman, trus- tees. Lucius D. Alden was also elected a commissioner to the Maryland Synod, and Abner Y. Leech, Jr., Louis E. Hoover. Harry Burrell and Rev. George H. Slaybaugh were elected a committee with him to apply to the IMaryland Synod for admis- Rev. Charles F. Steck, D.D. 316 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. sion thereto. This application was granted at the convention of the Maryland Synod held in Baltimore in the fall of that year, 1909, and soon thereafter, on the anniversary of the Epiphany, the "Independent Lutheran Congregation" changed its name to "The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Epiphany of Wash- ington, D. C," and called to its pastorate Rev. Charles F. Steck. Lutheran Church of the Epipuaxv, Wasiiixgtox, D. C. D.D., then pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church at Fred- erick, Maryland, and President of the i\Iaryland Synod. Until the coming of Dr. Steck, Epiphany was ministered to by many clergymen, but especial mention must be made of the help- fulness of Rev. Luther Hess Waring, Ph.D., then pastor of the Georgetown Evangelical Lutheran Church in Washington, and of the services of Rev. Samuel V. Leech, D.D., uncle of Abuer Y. Leech, Jr., Epiphany's Sunday school superintendent since its organization, a IMethodist divine who, although voluntarily re- tired because of advanced years, had lost none of the ability which had made him one of the great preachers of his denomination. With true fidelity to his INIaster's call wherever it presented it- self and the strictest respect for the theological views of the Lutherans whom he temporarily served. Dr. Leech ministered to these people for several months Avhile they sought a permanent pastor of their own and, by his wise counsel, his unquestioned prestige and his able preaching, held them together, gained for THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 317 them the attention of the eoninmnity and attracted others to their fold. Dr. Steck entered on his pastorate at Epiphany on Pebrnary ]. 1910, and has continued therein to this date. Under his leader- ship the church has acquired a valuable property at 16th and U Streets and New Hampshire Avenue. N. W., overlooking 16th Street, Washington's most important boulevard, has erected a beautiful and commodious chapel and Sunday school house on its U Street frontage, and. in eight years, has paid for it all, a prop- Mr. a. Y. Leech, Jr., Washington, T>. C. Mr. Lucius D. Alden, Washington, D. C. erty valued at $33,000. In addition to this, a considerable sum has been accumulated in its building fund and Epiphany looks forward to the early completion of its main church edifice. All this has been accomplished with the free will offerings of its members and friends, made without personal solicitation or canvass or public appeal from the pulpit. The church now has a membership of 125 and a Sunday school of about equal numbers. Its societies are enthusiastic and active and its future full of promise. But above all, Epiphanj^'s members have grown in Christian grace and service: Christianity and its truth as ex- pressed in Evangelical Lutheranism are stronger in the nation's capital for their influence. Out from its walls the pastor's son. Rev. Charles F. Steck, Jr., has gone into the Christian ministry. In another of its members. Rev. George H. Slaybaugh, both pas- tor and people have had a valued counsellor and associate, and 318 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. still anotliei'. Rev. E. C. Dimviddie, has Ix'ini oiio of the foremost ehainpioiis in the national fight for prohil)ition. The present offieers of Epiphany are (September, 1919), Rev. Charles F. Steck, D.D., pastor; Abner Y. Leech, Jr., George C. Husmann and L. Russell Alden, elders; William L. Rhoads, I. B. Dodson. Giistav Loehler, Dr. Francis M. Crisell, Ferdinand Waldman and Homer Link, deacons, and Rev. George H. Slay- baugh, Frederick C. H. Wurdeman and L. Russell Alden, trus- tees. COLUMBIA HEIGHTS LUTHERAN CHURC^H, WASHIXGTOX, D. C. Rev. Charles II. Butler, Pastor. The Columbia Heights Church had its inception in the desire to care for Lutherans in that part of the city. The need of a church there had been felt for a quarter of a century, and two or three unsuccessful attempts to establish a church had been made. Rev. Charles H. Butler had been assisting his father. Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D., in the pastorate of the Luther Place Memorial Church, Washington, for nearly two years before his death, which occurred in the summer of 1909. Immediately afterwards the son took steps to inaugurate a new church work in the northwestern l)art of the cit3% known as the Columbia Heights section. After extensive canvassing, the new church jn^oject took shape in the renting of a house and the organ- ization of a Sunday school, and with the preaching 1910. The Board of Home Missions assisted the work for a period of six months. In ]March. 1911. a congregation was organized with a small membership, and the work progressed, but not rapidly. Meanwhile funds were being collected, and in the fall of 1914 a lot was purchased for $2,500, and a portable chapel erected. This move had a noticeable good effect upon the work. In March, 1918, a substantial one-story stone and brick church in a better location, yet in the same neighborhood was purchased beginning of regular service in January, Rev. Charles H. Butler. THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 319 from another denomination for .+11,000, the Board of Home ]\[is- sions and Church Extension assisting. In September, 1918, the congregation received a bequest of $5,000 from the estate of Rev. J. G. Butler, D.D., who had realized the strategic importance of Columbia Heights to the welfare of the Lutheran cause in Washington, and who had planned to establish the church there in the fall of 1909. Owing to the inauspicious beginning of the work, literally with- out money and without people, the fact that two or three attempts to plant a mission there had failed, and the troubled condition of the country due to the world war, progress has been slow. But the pastor feels that the potentially rich territory has been pre- empted for the General Synod, now^ the United T.jutheran Church. And such is the character of the Columl)ia Heights section there is reason to believe, now that the foundation is laid, the growth will be steady, though probably not rapid, and that in tlie not distant future there will be developed a vigorous cluu-ch in that important part of the city. THE LUTHERAN CHURCH OF THE INCARNA- TION. WASHINGTON, 1). (\ Rev. Henri/ ManliCii, Jr., Paslor. x\n alliance of Evangelical Lu- theran Churches of Washington, D. C, came into being on January 17, 1917. Among its express<^d aims was "the conservation and increasing of our meml)ersliii) by organized and systematic <4'- forts. " The first regular officrrs were Rev. William A. Wade, ^Ii'. H. A. Benner and IMr. Harry T. Domer. At a board of directors' meeting held at Epiphany Church on T^ Street, on June 4, 1917, favorable expression was given to the pro.j- ect of undertaking a mission in the Pinev Branch Park section. At a , , ■ ,. ,. ,1 Eev. Henry Manken, Jk. later meeting action was taken looking to the purchase of the northeast corner of Gallatin and Fourteenth Streets, N. W. Toward this project one thousand dollars was contributed by Washington Lutherans. 320 HISTORY OP" MARYLAND SYNOD. The Cluii'cli of the Incarnation was thus brought into existence hy the Alliance, and with the encouragement of the Board of Home ^lissions and Church Extension. Cards had been dis- tributed throughout the community announcing the first service to be held at the home of Mr. and ]\Trs. H. A. Benner, at the southwest corner of Fourteenth and Ingraham Streets, N. W. On December 9, 1917, the Rev. William A. Wade, President of the Alliance, preached the first sermon. The new organization, hav- ing been begun so near the Festival of the Nativity, took for its name ' ' The Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Incarnation." Thirty-three persons signed the charter roll. The Bible School conducted its first service on January 6, 1918, ]\Ir. H. A. Benner, Secretary of the Alliance, acting as the super- intendent. On April 18th, the congregation adopted its constitu- tion. Steps had been taken to se- cure a resident pastor, and finally a call was extended to the Rev. Henry ^lanken, Jr., pastor of St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Balti- more, who assumed charge on Sep- tember ], 1918. The service of in- Mk. Harvey A. Benner, stallation was conducted by the Washington, D. C. ' Rev. Drs. C. F. Steck, of AVash- ington, D. C, and John C. Bowers, of Catonsville, I\Id. A num- ber of representatives from the AVashington Lutheran congrega- tions were present. The regular order of service of the new com- mon service was used, the mission being the first congregation in Washington to use the Common Service Book with Hymnal. At the meeting of the Maryland Synod at Frostburg, on De- cember 4, 1918. the congregation's petition, presented through its delegate, Mr. Charles Wise, was favorably acted on, and the con- gregation became a member of the ^Maryland Synod. The members of the Church Council are H. A. Benner, G. B. Ostermayer, C. W. AVise, J. M. Sitler, M. A. Schuler, C. Ludwig, Jr., R. E. Cannon, and H. P. Clarke, with the pastor as president ex-officio. A "Woman's Guild" was organized on April 20. 1918, as a federation of all the women of the congregation. The officers THE CHURCHES OF WASHINGTON AND VICINITY. 321 are: Mrs. (I. B. Ostenuayer. .Mrs. C. Severn. Mrs. J. M. Sitler, and ]Mrs. II. A. Benner. A Young People's Dei)artment of Luther Ijeague of the Bible School was organized on December 8, 1918. The express object of the league is to federate all the young people of the school and congregation in an organized effort for training and service in Lutheran Church work. The officers of the League are : Mr. E. i\I. Foust. Miss ^[abel Freas, ^Nliss Dora Freas, Mrs. Kobert Falconer and Miss Helen Ostermayer. The corner stone for the congregation 's house of worship was laid with appropriate ceremonies on July 27, 1919. and the con- gregation expects soon to occupy its new home. j\[r. Harry A. Benner is chairman of the building committee. 21 OTHER MEMBERS OP THE EASTERN CONFERENCE. Rev. W. H. Gotwald, D.D., LL.D., Washington, D. C. Eev. G. H. Slaybaugh, Washington, D. C. Bev. L. H. Waring, Ph.D, Washington, D, C, Kev. J. C. MOSER, Washington, D, C. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE EASTERN CONFERENCE. Eev. F. H. Weaver, Newry, Pa. Eev. N. J. G. Wickey, Cambridge, Mass. Kev. H. D. Boyer, Washington, D. C. CHAPTER XV. THE CHURCHES OP THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. ERADDOClv LUTITERAX CHURCH, BRADDOCK, MD. Rev. 1\. S. Poffcuherger, Fasior. The little town of Braddoek is located along the National Pike^ three miles west of Frederick and three miles east of Braddoek Heights, Maryland's famous snmmer resort. Until 1907 the church there was a union of Lutheran and Reformed congrega- tions. The Lutheran congregation was organized by the Rev. Dr. Dielil, of Frederick, sometime in the fifties of the nineteenth cen- tury. The union church was built in 1859 by the Lutheran and Re- formed congregations of the city of Frederick and was donated by those congregations to the congre- gations at Braddoek. Then for a long period the Lu- theran congregation at Bi-addock was a preaching station for the Lutheran pastor in Frederick. From about 1900 until 1915 the Rev. S. A. Hedges supplied the pulpit in connection with his min- istry at Pleasant Hill, and while residing in Aliddletown. It was during his ministry that the present church l)uilding was erected. This was in 1907. ' The house of worship had become too small for the two con- gregations and the alternating of Lutheran and Reformed serv- ices in the one building caused some dissatisfaction. Accordingly it was decided that the two congregations ought to separate. The Lutheran congregation proceeded at once to become incorporated and then to build her own church. A building committee was 325 Rev. R. S. Poffenbergek. ;32() HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. clioseii as follows: (leorye W. Perry, Siiiieoii L. Bast, C. M. Phleeyer, Milton E. Akers, Samuel M. Sunnncrs, Frank H. Grove, Leonard Hoffman, Roy Schaft'er, and AVilliam .Mercer. iMueh of the labor and materials for the building were contributed by the members of the congregation and the completion of the plans was soon realized. Exclusive of these donations the house of worship cost $1,600. The church is beautiful for situation, is 100 feet long and 40 feet wide, and is well furnished and thoroughly (^quipped for service. For several years now the pulpit has been supplied by the Rev. R. S. Foffenberger. BETHANY LUTHERAN CHUUCH, BRUNSWICK, MD. (Brunswick Charge.) Bev. Charles W. Hfss, Pastor. Bethany Evangelical Lutheran Church, of Brunswick, Fred- erick County, ^Maryland, was organized August 21, 1892, Rev. C. W. Bixler, a seminarian from Gettysburg, being in charge of the work during his vacation. The work was under the direction of the Board of Home IMissions. The incorporators were : Elders, George H. Tritapoe and Jonas Ilaupt ; deacons, Luther E. ]\Ic- Bride and William E. Evans. The first services were held in a store-room on Fifth Avenue. Later the ' ' Brunswick Seminary ' ' furnished a temporar^y home for the congregation. Professor J. J. Shenk, owner of the seminary, was elected superintendent of the Sunday school, and succeeded in keeping up the interest in the work even during the times when there was no pastor in charge. ^Ir. Shenk served as superintend- ent until 1904 and was active in all the work of the church. Rev. W. C. Wire was pastor of the mission three months, begin- ning his work December 1, 1892. He sought to gather the Lu- therans into the church. Rev. Ferdinand D. Hesse, another seminarian, served the Eev. C'haiMjES W. Hess. THE CIIT'KC'Hl'-S OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 327 congregation tlirct' montlis. hcgiiiiiiug his work .June 2:}, 1893. During this time ten members were added and a l)nihling h)t on Second Street was bought. The corner stone was hi id on Sep- tember 24th, and this was the final act of Rev. TIesse's ministry. The church buihling was completed before another pastor was called. The Sunday school held services in the new church for the first time on February 11. 189-t. Rev. Henderson N. INIiller began his la])ors here on June 1, 189-1. The church building was dedicated on the seventeenth of the same month. This structure was 86 feet by 50 feet in size. The entire cost of lot. building and furnishings was $2,100, of V ,/kJ "^*-^" 1 ^^Sfi w^^^ - ■ -^ m.-^ ———':'.-■ Bethany Llthehax Church, Brunswick, Md. which amount tha Church Extension Board paid $500 — $300 as a gift and $200 as a loan ; $1,170 remained to be provided for on the day of dedication. Rev. ^Miller continued to serve the con- gregation until September 1, 1895. A vacancy followed until ^March 1, 1896. when Rev. Cyrus E. Held became the pastor. During his pastorate the membership was increased to about one hundred. His resignation took effect on December 1. 1898. Rev. John H. Diehl took charge of the work. June 1. 1899. His services were continued until December 9, 1900. Some prog- ress was made in reducing the church debt while he was pastor. From January 2, 1902. until the present. Rev. Charles W. Hess has had the pastoral oversight of the congregation. '.)M HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. As the town tii'cw Ihc cliiu'cli l)uil(liii,u' was found to be unde- sirably located. Dr. A. G. Ilorine, a member of the congregation and a man of business ability, saw that a better location was im- perative, and in the name of the church bought the lot upon which the present church building and parsonage are located, at the corner of A Street and First Avenue, said lot to be paid for by the church at such time as the congregation was able to do so. By the will of ]Mr. Joseph Waltman (died in 1870), a Lutheran who at one time owned a large tract of land ad.joining the town of Berlin (now Brunswick), the congregation, upon its organiza- tion, became entitled to one acre of land and a graveyard, now Mr. Oscar M. Fogle, Brunswick, Md. Dl! A. C. IIOIUNE, Brunswick, Md. within the corporate limits of the town. This gift netted the church $745 in cash, and reiml)ursed Dr. Ilorine for the A Street lot. The first church propert}^ was sold June 6, 1908. The pur- chaser converted it into dwellings. The congregation worshipped in "Wenner's hall until the new church was built. The corner stone of the present structure was laid xVugust 14. 1904. As will be noticed considerable delay was experienced in starting the work. This was in part due to the legal steps re- quired in consummating the sale of the Waltman lots. The first service was held in the basement of the church Janu- ary 8, 1905. The church is 34 feet bv 50 feet in size. It was dedicated July THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 329 16, 1905. The total cost of the building was alxmt -1^8.200; the furnishings, about $1,300. The members of the building com- mittee were Professor J. J. Shenk. J. F. Bittle, INI. W. ]\Iagaha, L. E. IMeBride, and the pastor. The debt remaining to be pro- vided for at the time of dedication was >}^1,148. During the summer of 1916 a parsonage was erected on the church lot fronting on First Avenue. The members of the building committee were J. W. Kaetzel, L. B. Cline, Professor 0. M. Fogle, :\Irs. A. G. Horine, and ]\Irs. Sadie E. ]\Iehrling. The entire cost of this improvement was $2,900. The parsonage debt is $2,000, and there are no other financial obligations outstanding. The pastor and his wife have been the occupants of this splendid addition to the church property since October. 1916. The confirmed meml)ership of the church is one hundred sev- enty-two. The Sunday school is progressing nicely under the leadership of C. Earl Kelly, superintendent. The Christian En- deavor Society has been an important factor in the work of the church. ^luch credit is due the ]\Iite Society for the financial in- terest its members have taken in the work. Bi-pocket envelopes have been in use since 1915 in the congre- gation. The Common Service Book was introduced on Easter Sunday, 1919. LUTHER CHAPEL, LUTHERAN CHURCH. PETERSVILLE, :MD. (Brunswick Charge.) Rev. Charles W. Hess, SiippJij Pastor. Luther Chapel Evangelical Lutheran Church, Petersville, IMaryland, was organized on October 28, 1873. Prior to this time Rev. Nixdorff, and possibly Rev. Wire, pastors of the Burkitts- ville charge, had preached in Petersville, but no organization was effected until the above date. The Rev. L. A. INIann, D.D., was the first pastor of the organization. The records show that "The Church was completed and dedi- cated to holy use on the first Sabbath in November, 1874." The entire cost of the building in money was about $1,850. "The brethren George Richards, Lewis A. Easterday, Joseph Waltman (deceased), Henry Hoffman and others deserved especial mention for their generous liberality, etc." This church continued to be a part of the Burkittsville charge until 1913. Since that time Rev. Charles W. Hess, of Brunswick, has been acting as supply pastor of the congregation. :;30 IIISTOKV OF MARYI.AND SYNOD. The Rev. Abraham Reck ST. PAUL'S LITTIIEltAX (TIURC^H, BURKITTSVILLP], .AID. (BURKITTSVILLE ClIARGE. ) Fev. II. C. Erdman, Pastor. The first Lutheran preacher of whom there is any record, wlio served in Burkittsville, was the Rev. Martin Sackman, who came over occasionally from Virginia and officiated in the German language. That was in the year 1815. The services were held in the upstairs of a building owned by Mv. E. L. Korn. and since used as a furniture room. who was pastor at ^liddletown, 1829- 1836, preached here occasionally in a building used as a wagon- maker's shop. lie is spoken of also as having preached once in a barn owned by ^Ir. 0. Ilarley. In the year 1829 the Lutheran and Reformed congregations unit- ed their efforts and undertook the erection of a church building. At the completion of this building Rev. A. Reck, of the Lutheran con- gregation, and Rev. Bucher, of the Reformed congregation, each preached here regularly every four weeks. The Rev. ]\Iichael Wachter suc- ceeded Rev. Reck in the pastorate of ]\liddletown, and also preached at Burkittsville every four weeks from June, 1836, to September, 1843. He is spoken of in an old record as an "Israelite indeed in whom there is no guile." He was generally much beloved and was instj'umental in the conv(^r- sion of many souls. Rev. Charles Hay came next into the Middletown pastorate and preached here also. His stay was short, lie was called to a professorship in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. He served here from January 11, 18-44, to November 3, 1844. At the close of Rev. Hay's pastorate a change was made and the Burkittsville congregation became connected with the Jeffer- son charge. Rev. IIari)el is said to have served at this ]ieriod for a short time. Rev. PL C. Erdaean. THE CIIT'RCHES OF THE MIDDTjE CONFERENCE. 331 Eev. Daniel Ilaucr hceaiuc tlic pastor ol' this chai-iic in 1845 and served until 1853. lie was very diligent and nntii'ing in his labors and miieh beloved by his people. Following Rev. Ilauer, Rev. George kS. Collins was ])astor for about a year. He was eonipelled to give up the work on account of a disease of the lungs which shortly afterwards resulted in his death. He is spoken of as a man of fine intellect and great gen- eral as well as theological information and possessed one of the largest and best selected private libraries. Rev. B. Appleby, of Baltimore, came next into the Jefferson charge and served here faithfully for aliout two years. He then resigned and returned to Baltimore. Rev. Edwin Dor.sey, IM.D.. served the charge for about one year but finding the work too laborious he received and accepted a call to the Martinsburg charge in West Virginia. After the departure of Rev. Dorsey the Burkittsville congre- gation withdrew from the Jeft'erson charge and determined to support a pastor for themselves. After some time Rev. G. A. Nixdorff was called and entered upon his duties November 1, 1858. At this time the Burkittsville congregation sold their in- terest in the union church for $600 and immediately proceeded to plan for a new church building. The corner stone of the new edifice was laid on August 20, 1859. The old church building being too small for the congregation assembled, the preaching service was held in the grove in the rear of the church. Rev. William F. Eyster, of Jefferson, addressed the people in a very happy manner. Revs. Klink and Smeltzer also participated. It was during this pastorate, after the battle of South ^lountain at Crompton's Gap, September 14, 1862. that the church build- ing was used as a hospital. Rev. Nixdorff served the congrega- tion until the spring of 1865. In August, 1865. Rev. W. C. Wire took charge of the congrega- tion and in November had quite an interesting meeting, resulting in a number of accessions. About this time the idea of establish- ing a female seminary under the control of the church was ad- vanced and finally carried out in 1866. Rev. Wire also served the congregation at Weverton, and acted as principal of the seminary. In 1868 a house for the use of the sexton was built. Rev. Wire resigned his pastoral duties July 1, 1869, to devote all his time to the female seminary. From September 17, 1869, to April, 1876, Rev. L. A. jVIann was the pastor. During the pastorate of Rev. ]\Iann a large lot was secured and a brick parsonage built on it. Rev. Mann was 332 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. devoted and iiiitii-iiiii" in his labors and was miich beloved by his people. Rev. J. H. Turnei- l)e('anie ])astor July 20. 1S7G. and closed his labors here June 1, ]880. During this ])astorate, a tower and spire were built to the church edifice. Then came the following pastors: Rev. M. C. Heisler, 1880- 1881; Rev. M. L. Beard, 1881-1888; Rev. T. W. Dosh. D.D.. 1888-1889; Rev. S. E. Slater, 1891-1896; Rev. C. h. Ritter, 1896- 1903; Rev. P. B. Fasold, 1903-1909; Rev. J. W. D. Seherer, from January, 1910. to INIay of the same year — this pastor died here of pneumonia. During the pastorate of Rev. Charles J. Hines, December 1. 1910, to December 1, 191-4, the church edifice was improved by installation of steam heating and acetylene lighting plants, new carpet and new pews for main auditorium, entire interior re- painted, bath room and other improvements in parsonage and new cement walks in front of church and parsonage. The church was reopened April 20, 1913. Rev. Harry C. Erdman became pastor April 10, 1915. During this pastorate a two-manual Moller pipe organ was installed in the church and a hot water heating plant placed in the parsonage. Among many admirable traits of that have been characteristic of this congregation, two especially stand out prominently : the strong devotion the people have always had for their pastor, and the unbroken harmony of its members. In the one hundred years of church life there is no trace of a church quarrel. TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH, KNOXVILLE, MD. (BURKITTSVILLE CiTARGE.) Rev. II. C. Erdmaii, Fasior. In December, 18-18, Rev. I. P. Smeltzer, as a missionary of the IMaryland Synod, took charge of the congregation formed a few months previous by the Rev. P. Willard, then pastor of the church near Lovettsville, Virginia. At that time there was no house of worship and the congregation met in an old mill, now burnt, and in private houses. The church, which was built of stone, was located at Weverton, and was dedicated in 1849. The church was very prosperous during the pastorate of Rev. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 333 Smeltzei'. numbering seventy or eighty members. After he left Rev. G. A. Nixdorff preached there occasionally from 1859 to 1864. During the war troops occupied the church and prevented the holding of services. In ]865 Rev. W. C. Wire took charge of the congregation at Burkittsville and Weverton. In September. 1865, he canvassed the field with a view of resuscitating the church but could find only eight of the former members. The church was very much injured by the soldiers, the roof was partly burned, the pews were all gone, stoves broken or carried off, and windows broken, making the house nothing more than a wreck and entirely unfit for service. Because of this services were held in a school house in Knoxville. In the spring of 1866 the church was repaired. During the pastorate eighteen members were added. From this time for- ward this congregation has been a part of the Burkittsville charge. During the pastorate of Rev. L. A. ]\[ann the church building located at Weverton was torn down and the material removed to Knoxville and used in erecting a neat, substantial stone structure there. All of the pastors, in the records they have left, speak of the activity of the Sunday school, a devoted little band of Christian workers. Their harmonious action, their benevolence, their at- tachment to the doctrines of our Lord Jesus Christ as taught and practiced by the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and their liber- ality have been remarkable and praiseworthy. The spiritual con- dition of the church has been uniformly good. The pastors, with- out exception, have received nothing but kindness and tokens of love. During the pastorate of Rev. Slater a frame Sunday school building was erected at a cost of about $800. During the summer of 1915, under the present pastorate, the church building was much improved. A new steam heating plant installed, electric lights, interior painted and decorated, steel ceiling put in, new carpet, stone work on outside repointed and cement walk laid in front of church and Sunday school building. During the present pastorate ninety-two members were re- ceived into the church. 334 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. TRINITY LUTHERAX (TFURCH, DEER RARK ROAD, Ml). h'cv. William L. Seahrook, I'aslor. This congregation was organized on February 5, 18G6. It was incorporated in October of that year. Those who united in its organization had recently come directly from Germany, and so the articles of incorporation provided that "all worship and services of the congregation should be in the rierman language as long as one male m.ember should desire it." The congregation attached itself with the ]\Iaryland Synod. The first pastor was the Rev. Gerhardt Rademacher. A church building was erected in 1867. The lot for the building was do- nated by George Bitzel and his wife Elizabeth. Subsequently the congregation acquired an adjacent property of several acres, upon which was built a parsonage and a parochial school build- ing. In May, 1868. Pastor Rademacher intiuenced the congre- gation to sever its connection with the IMaryland Synod and unite with the Missouri Synod. In 1878 Pastor Rademacher was succeeded by the Rev. J. George Haefner. Through his influence the articles of incor- poration were amended the next year so as to bind the ministers and other officers of the church to all of the symbolical books. Pastor Haefner served the congregation until 1884. His suc- cessor, the Rev. G. H. Zimmerman, ministered here from 1884 to 1890. Then the Rev. F. G. Schaller was pastor of the congrega- tion for three years until 1893. From 1894 until January, 1901, the Rev. S. S. Henry was the faithful shepherd of the flock. During all this time the German language was used almost ex- clusively in the services of the church and in the work of the parochial school. But the steady Americanization of the young people of the congregation was followed by an increasing demand for the use of the English language. From the beginning of 1901 until the end of 1907 the congregation Avas without a regular pastor. For several years Rev. S. J. Derr, of Hampstead, and Rev. P. H. Miller, D.D., of Westminster, ministers of the Maryland Synod, gave the congregation occasional services. JNIany of the members, adhering closely to the Missouri Synod, refused to attend the services at which these ministers officiated. In February, 1904, ^Ir. John Schaefer. acting for himself and many others, filed a bill of complaint against the trustees of the THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCl'L 335 congregation and the Rev. F. H. JMiller, D.D., and the Bsex. S. J. Derr, alleging that the trustees had permitted the use of the church property for worshijj and devotions other than those con- templated by the articles of incorporation, and were having such worship and services conducted by ministers "who deny the validity, integrity and binding force, the sanctity and absolute authority of the Symbolical Books of 1580." The bill prayed for an injunction restraining Dr. ^Miller and TJev. Derr from conducting religious services in the church. Th(^ bill of com- plaint was dismissed by the Circuit Court of Carroll Connty. and upon appeal to the Court of Appeals of jMaryland the decision of the lower court was affirmed. ]\Ieanwhile Doctoi- ^liller con- tinued to serve the congregation regularly, preaching on alter- nate Lord's Day afternoons and instructing the children of th.2 congregation and preparing them for confirmation. This unhappy litigation caused a deep schism in the ranks of the congregation. But the great Head of the Church had been preparing the instrument for the healing of the differences. From 1879 to 1888 a young lawyer of Westminster. William L. Sea- brook, whom they had known from boyhood, enjoyed the close confidence of many members of the congregation. In 1888 Mr. Seabrook gave up the practice of law and entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. After' serving General Synod congre- gations at Wichita and Abilene, Kansas, he became a member of the United Synod of the South, and was pastor of Grace Lu- theran Church, at Winchester, Virginia, from 1895 to 1902, and of Trinity Lutheran Church, at Newberry, S(Mith Carolina, from 1902 to 1907. In July, 1907, circumstances brought the Rev. Mr. Seabrook back to his old home at Westminster. The Deer Park congrega- tion asked him to become its pastor. Believing that with divine help he would be able to reunite the congregation he accepted the call. By letter and by personal visitation he succeeded in rallying the members of the congregation. A large catechetical class was organized. The Common Service was introduced into the weekly worship. A note of loyalty to the Lutheran Church and to the Lutheran faith was emphasized, and in a short time all but one of the enrolled members of the congregation had again taken up their active relations to the church. To this day many of those who had been alienated are among its most faith- ful members. The beautiful spirit in which IMr. John Schaefer and those who were in sympathy with him accepted the new order is evidenced by the fact that he received and regarded Mr. Seabrook as his pastor, received from him the holy communion 3;j(i HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. two (lays before liis dealli in Fehruai-y. 1911. and asked to be buried with services in the ohl elnireh which he helped to found and for which he cherished such ardent aifcction. In his will he left to the congregation the sum of $200 unconditionally. In respect to his memory the congregation applied a portion of this bequest to the i)urchase of an individual communion service, which, suitably inscribed, will remain a memorial to the devotion, loyalty and charity of John Scliaefer. ELIAS LUTHERAN CHURCH, EMMITSBURG, MD. Rev. Charles Reinewald, D.D., Pastor. The Lutheran church of this community dates its origin from the year 1757, on the banks of Tom's Creek, two and one-half miles east of Emmitsburg. According to the primitive style of that colonial period the structure was built of logs. According to a historical letter of Rev. John G. Young, written to Rev. Dr. Helmuth, Philadelphia, the year 1757 is the date of this congrega- tion 's beginning. At a later peri- od a new church building was erected on the same site by the Lutheran and the Reformed con- gregations. The first pastor w^as Rev. John G. Bager (Baugher), whose suc- cessors in office were the follow^- ing: Rev. John G. Bager, 1757-1759 ; vacant, 1759-1761; Rev. Ludwig Beck, 1761-1767; vacant. 1767- 1769; Rev. Charles F. Wildbahn, 1769-1782; Rev. John G. Young, 1782-1794; Rev. Guenther Win- gert, 1794-1795: Rev. John F. Ruthrauff. 1797-1802 (first pastor after erecting present church building at Emmitsburg) ; Rev. John G. Grobp, 1802-1828; Rev. John N. Iloft'man, 1828-1833; Rev. Samuel D. Finckel, 1833-1837 ; Rev. Ekra Keller, 1837-1840; Rev. Solomon Sentman, 1841-1852; Rev. John Welfley, 1852- Rev. Charles Reixewai.u, D.D. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 337 1854 ; Rev. George S. Collins, 185-1:-1855 ; Rev. Henry Bishop, 1855-1863; Rev. Washington V. Gotwald, 1863-1866; Rev. E. S. Johnston. D.D.. 1866-1888; Rev. Luther DeYoe, D.D.. 1889-1892; Rev. 0. G. Klinger, 1892-1892; Rev. Charles Reinewald, D.D., 1892. During the one hundred sixty-two years of its history this con- gregation has been served by nineteen pastors. Until the year 1852 Emmitsburg was part of the Taneytown Lutheran pastorate. Rev. John Welfley, in 1852. Ijecame the first resident lyuthernn pastor of Emmitsburg. Until the year 1869 the Lutheran and Reformed congregations owned and used the stone church building eo.jointly and on alternate Sundays Lu- theran and Reformed services Avere held. The present stone build- ing was erected in th*' year 1797. when the pres- idency of Washington was merging to its close. This historic structure has been washed by the waves of one hundred and twenty- two years and has af- forded privileges of wor- ship and spiritual enlarge- ment for four genera- tions. Numerous have been the lights and shadows amid which the congregation's strug- gles and triumphs, its joys and sorrows, have found enactment. The pastorate of the writer covers a period of twenty-seven years — exceeding in point of time that of any former incumbent. During this period of tw^enty-seven years — lying in two cen- turies — not a few events have come within our appreciative sur- vey. Christianity and Christian education must ever march together with unliroken step. In 1828 our church established an academy on our church ground, affording educational advantages under competent Christian teachers until a time within the memory of persons yet living. The old school academy exerted a marked and most important influence on the progressive life and intel- 22 EuAS Lutheran Chuuch, Emmit.sbuku, Mu. 338 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. ligence of this entire cominuiiity. Tliis academy antedated the founding of Pennsylvania College at (Jettysbnrg by four years. In 1835 the church building was remodelled and rededicated. Rev. S. D. Finckel preached the sermon on the glad occasion. In October of this same year, 1835, the Maryland Synod con- vened in this church at which time Rev. Ezra Keller was or- dained to the holy ministry and subse(|uently went to Saint John's Church, Hagerstown, and then to Springfield, Ohio, to become the founder and first President of Wittenberg College. The Synod of JMaryland, in less than a century of its memor- able history convened six times within the walls of this church, viz: 1835," 1846, 1858, 1870, 1882. ]907. In the year 1897 the centennial of our congregation's life in the present town structure was commemorated with deep interest and great enthusiasm. Many former parishioners and all ex- pastors except one returned for the Jubilee Service which began September 30th and continued until October 3d. Historical ad- dresses were delivered by Rev. John Welfley, of Braddock, Pa., Rev. E. J. AVolf, D.D., of Gettysburg, and Rev. Charles Reine- wald. Addresses were also delivered l)y Rev. Luther DeYoe, Rev. 0. G. Klinger, Dr. T. C. Billheimer, Dr. A. S. Hartman, Rev. George Goll, Rev. William Simonton, Rev. D. P. Garland, and others. Before the celebration the church building was re- furnished with new pulpit and chancel furniture, fine art glass memorial windows, and new carpet, greatly improving the church interior. In 1909 further improvements were made in the frescoing of the church walls. In 1904 a direct avenue of concrete was made from the street to the church door, commanding a wide and beautiful approach. On October 12-14, 1917. the Quadri-Centennial of Protestant- ism, along with the pastor's twenty-fifth anniversary of his pres- ent pastorate, was commemorated. Addresses were given by Dr. Luther Kuhlman, Dr. C. T. Aikens, Rev. U. S. G. Rupp, D.D., Rev. C. A. Shilke, Rev. W. 0. Ibach, and the address on the Lu- theran Quadri-Centennial by Dr. Abdel R. AA^entz, of Gettysburg. The Lutheran Church of Emmitsburg stands first in numerical strength among the Protestant churches and covers rather a large territory, not only in JMaryland but over the state line of Pennsylvania. Through a varied and tested life our people have l)een inter- ested in noble ideals and have given for all purposes and objects which tell for the advance of Christ's kingdom both al home and abroad. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 339 The families of our eliuivli have furnished maii}^ nol)le and splendid examples of faith and service in our long-time career. Among these we may mention the Rowes, the Eichelbergers, the Sheets, Gillellans, Zimmermans, Hokes, Zecks, Sliuffs, the Hos- pelhorns. IMaxwells, Rhodes, Pattersons. Fitez, liinns. Byers, Shrivers, Caldwells, Ohlers, Eysters, Gelwicks, IMcNairs, Win- ters, Bullingers, Wortz, Weant, Bishop, Stonesifer, and others. Dr. James Eichelberger, Sr., was for many years our Sunday school superintendent. He was succeeded hy Charles V. Rovve. who filled the position faithfully until the time of his death in 1911. In 1835. during the convention of the IMaryland Synod. Dr. Joseph Augustus Seiss experienced the call to the gospel ministry. At that time h(^ was a youth of fourteen, seated in our church gallery — his home at Graceham, seven miles south of Emmits- burg. He gave a long and distinguished term of service to his Lord and ]\Iaster. Our second son from this church for the ministry comes in the person of IMr. Wade E. Stonesifer, now a student in our seminary in Gettysburg. In addition to these men for the ministry, the congregation has furnished one very useful meml)er to the ranks of the deacon- esses, Sister Flora Belle Ohler. The present pastor, Rev. Charles Reinewald, D.D., served four years at Braddock, Pa., before coming to Emmitsburg in October, 1892. The past has its less(Mis; the i)resent its vision and hope; the future its victory and felicit}^ THE FREDERIC^K LUTHERAN CHURCH, FREDERICK, MD. Rev. U. 8. G. Rupp, D.D., Pastor. The pul)lished materials on the history of this church are many. The Evanijclical Review of April. 1856, contains a lengthy article from the pen of Rev. George Diehl covering the history of the congregation from the beginning to 1837. The Luflieran Quar- tedij of October, 1883, presents a still longer article by Rev. B. M. Schmucker. D.D.. covering about the same period of history of the congregation, but in the light of additional simrces of in- formation. In 1905 there was published a nineteen-page booklet by Rev. Luther Kuhlman, D.D.. containing the story of the church's life down to that date. For a complete history of this old and influential congregation, therefore, the reader is referred 340 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. to those printed documents. From them we gather the following salient facts : The pioneers of Lutheranism in this region journeyed hither from Pennsylvania along the line of travel through Lancaster, York and Hanover (Conewago). The original settlement begun about 1730-1732, had its nucleus somewhere near the Monocacy, about ten miles north of Fredericlc. Here was located the mother church of all the Lutheran congregations sul)sequently established in this general region. The Frederick church is a daughter of the ^lonocacy congrega- tion. The oldest rec- ord book in possession of th(i congregation is stamped on the back "Gemeinde Monakes," that is, the congrega- tion of the Monocacy, and the most precious historic relic in their possession is the Eng- lish Constitution con- tained in this same book, prepared by ^Muhlenberg and pre- served in his hand. The Rev. Mr. Wolf, who administered the first baptism, was a Lutheran pastor on the Raritan in New Jersey, and the bap- tism may have been performed at that place. It is known that a congregation was in existence in 1711, that a house of worship was bought or built in 1713, and tluit Rev. David Candler was the first pastor, not resident here, however. This fixes the organ- ization not later than 1713, and perhaps before that date. Of this first pastor we know only that he resided near Hanover, and such was his zeal that at first he gathered the people in his own home, that his field extended from York to Frederick, that he died Fhedekiok Lutheran Church, Frederick, Md. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE (CONFERENCE. 341 in 1740, and is buried at Conewago. It is pi'()l)al)le tliat he was a spiritual son of the Rev. John Casper Stoever, whose center of operations was that Lutheran stronghold, York, Pa. Candler was followed by Rev. Nyberg, a Swede. It is the testi- mony of Muhlenberg that he had charge of the INlonocacy congre- gation, and that without doubt he occasionally preached here. It was a sorry day when Nyberg made his entrance into this valley. He was at heart a IMoravian, and so lax was his sense of honor that in 1745 or 1746 he tried to carry the congregation over to the Moravians. In this reprehensible attempt he did not succeed, though the congregation was rent in two, the JMoravian party locating at Graceham, while the Lutheran portion retained the old church. This is the disturbance to which ^lulilenberg refers in his report, and was the occasion of his visit. In 1746 or 1747, a Rev. Nicke, also a ^Moravian, and apparently sent hither by the IMoravian authorities at Bethlehem, undertook to feed this flock. But it did not recognize his voice as that of a true shepherd, would none of his provender, aiul did the sensible thing when it locked the door on him and his following after he had preached a single sermon. In this same year these defenseless people were set upon by yet two other wolves. The first was a pretended Lutheran minister by the name of Carl Rudolph, who, in Georgia, came near hanging. He was accepted at IMonoeacy, but "soon showed himself to be a thief, a drunkard, licentious and utterly worthless," and he was compelled to move on. The second of this precious pair was a vagabond whom " INIuhlenberg terms Empiricus Schmidt." He undertook to administer both to the bodily and spiritual ills of the people. He, however, found few supporters. Still another of this same ilk, Streiter by name, caused them no little distress in 1751. From 1747-1749 this congregation received occasional ministry from Rev. I. H. Schaum and Rev. Valentine Kraft, both godly men. The latter of these moved to Frederick, was an old man and infirm, very poor, and was granted, by the wardens of the English church, an allowance of ten pounds annually as charity. He died in 1751. In correspondence by the officers of the congregation in Fred- erick, addressed to the Rev. ]Mr. Schaum about 1752, a strong light is thrown upon the difficulties against which they had to contend. Their confidence in the friendly disposition of ]Mr. Schaum toward them is very great, and their appeals to him for counsel and assistance are pathetic. There is testimony that Rev. Mr. Hausihl came to Frederick as early as March 20, 1752, and that his labors extended to 1758. 342 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. lie was the first resident pastor and the story of his life is most interesting. In 1758. after repeated and urgent requests whicdi would take no denial. ^Muhlenberg again visited Frederick. He counselled with tlie members of the Lutheran Church tliere, l)ut steadfastly refused to let them extend a call to him. In 1762 Rev. J. C. Hartwig consecrated the new church building that had taken the place of the one erected in lli'-i. After a vacancy of some five years they secured a pastor in 1763 in the person of Rev. J. S. Schwerdfeger. But he seems to have remained less than a year. The next pastor was the Rev. John Andrew Krug. He came to Frederick from Reading in 1771. and in spite of much oppo- LuTHERAN Sunday School Building, Frederick, Md. sition from within the congregation succeeded in maintaining himself in office until his death in 1796. Rev. Charles Frederick Wildbahn succeeded Rev. Krug. He also came from Reading. lie served the congregation only a year and a half until June, 1798. Upon the resignation of Rev. Wildbahn the congregation ex- tended a call to Rev. Charles Augustus Gottleib Storck. of North Carolina, which call was declined. In 1799, the Rev. John Frederick I\Ioeller, a youth of twenty- THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 343 six years, became tlie jiastoi" and ministered most acceptably for three years. When Mr. JMoeller went to Chambersburg in 1802, the last pastor of that place came to Frederick. His name was Frederick William Jasinsky. Dr. Diehl gives an interesting and forcible sketch of the man. In 1807 it was agreed that for the sake of the peace of the congregation he should withdraw. In July, 1808, Rev. David Frederick Schaeffer took charge of the congregation. He was then twenty-t^^'o years old, only re- cently licensed. He continued as pastor until nearly the day of his death in 1837. During this long j^astorate the congregation flourished exceedingly and her influence was felt in many direc- tions. Dr. Schaeffer came from an influential family and was prominent in the founding and early history not only of the Maryland Synod but even of the General Synod. During the first sixteen years of the life of the ]\Iaryland Synod he was an officer every year except one. Of the first six meetings of the General Synod four were held in his church, and of the first seven meetings he was five times secretary and twice president. He was a teacher of students for the ministry and the editor of the first English Lutheran periodical, the Intelligeucer. Dr. Schaeffer was succeeded by Rev. Simeon W. Harkey, D.D., who filled the pastorate from 1837 to 1850. AVhen Rev. Harkey began his ministry here there were two congregations, with a communicant membership of three hundred, and a Sunday school of one hundred and seventy-five scholars. The numlier of con- gregations was subse(|uently increased to four. In 1840 the Manor and Mt. Zion congri^gations were relinquished and in con- nection with Jefferson formed a new charge. In 1844 the Bethel congregation united with two others, one at Fair View and the other at Rocky Springs, thereby constituting this congregation a separate charge from that time. Of Rev. Harkey it may be said that he was an able, devoted, spiritually-minded minister of the gospel. In zeal he was untir- ing ; in preaching scriptural, fervent, direct, persuasive ; and in pastoral work sympathetic and helpful. By all he was held in high regard. In the Sjaiod he was easily among the leaders ]Much of its best work was either suggested or performed by him. During his pastorate the present parsonage was completed in 1846, at a cost of $1,995. Rev. Dr. Harkey resigned in 1850. Two years later he became professor of theology in the University of Illinois, an office that he graced for fifteen years. Upon the retirement of Rev. ^Ir. Harkey the council addressed o J a^ ^ ,r <; W J ^J ►^ < ^^. :p-^ :il - 2'. w 2 o <^ 5 M M o 1— 1 3§ ^N ft .tg •S^c f^ s • e )>< i i^ o «2PH THE CITURCTIES OF THE MIDDEE CONFERENCE. 345 itself to the tnsk of seeuring a sueeessor with great diligence but at first indifferent sueeess. A number of ministers were invited to preach as candidates, but most of them declined. Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, then at Cumberland, Md., was extended a call, and it appeared at first as though he would be the next pastor. After some correspondence, however, he felt it his duty to remain where he was. On December 12, 1850, an invitation Mas extended to Rev. George Diehl, Easton, Pa., to preach for the congregation with a view of becoming its pastor. He was elected, accepted the call, and was formally installed on August 12, 1851. His pastoral relationship extended over a period of more than thirty-six years, and exceeded in length the service of any other pastor. Tlie opening years of the new order were mai'ked by unusual activity. Then it was that the congregation decided upon and performed the largest single undertaking in its history, the erec- tion of the present house of worship. The corner stone was laid on August 26, 1854, and the new edifice was dedicated on Decem- ber 8. 1855. At the same time the congregation began to contribute munifi- cently to the benevolence of the church. The minutes of the Maryland Synod give ample evidence of the prominence and in- fluence of Dr. Diehl in the counsels of the church. He was Presi- dent of the General Synod in 1861. In 1878 the pastor evidently began to weary under some of his burdens, and requested relief from the delivery of the German sei-mon. How the matter was adjusted is not stated. The lecord furnishes abundant evidence of the diligence of the pastor in his manifold duties. But the passing years left their weight of infirmities upon him, and the time finally came when he was no longer ecjual to the arduous duties which he once carried with ease. It was thought that the situation might be satisfactorily adjusted by the employment of a younger man as assistant. This, however, was not found feasible, and so the relation that had existed for so many years, terminated December 31. 1887. In 1888 St. James Lutheran Church was organized, and as its pastor Dr. Diehl continued his ministerial labors in this city until October 15, 1891, when in the silence of the night his spirit went home to God who gave it. Rev. Luther Kuhlman, D.D.. became pastor of the Frederick church on February 1, 1888, and served for more than fifteen years. This was a period of unparalleled growth not only in the size and property of the congregation, but even more in its spirit and activities. A Sunday school building was erected at a cost ''■ 05 :;3 5h 03 H^' I H O Q tA V} > ■^ W o cc5 P J. •^ ti H W rt o -< N O CO . M O ^ £ -^ -M tl3 i ^ '^ ►J I ® ►- = > S § M id 3 CO ^ I f^ g H c^ M THE CHURCHES OF THE MroDI.E CONFERENCE. 347 of more than .^1 6,000. The main ehnreli l)nilding was overhauled at a cost of* over ^5,500. A third story and other improvements were added to the parsonage. The congregation was taught the grace of direct giving. Lutheran usages were introduced. The chancel arrangements and furnishings were made to accord with Lutheran ideas. The Washington Service was first introduced and later the Book of Worship and the Common Service were adopted. Under the di- rection of jMrs. Kuhlman there were organized the influential Woman's INlissionary Society which to-day numl)ers seventy-five members, the Young People's ^lissionary Society (to-day fifty), the enthusiastic Junior Mission Band (to-day one hundred), and the model Primary Department of more than tlirec hundred chil- dren. During Dr. Kuhlman 's pastorate at least seven young men were started for the Christian ministry, five of them for the Lu- theran ministry. Three of these are to-day faithful pastors and preachers, namely. Rev. ^1. J. Kline, D.D.. of Altoona. Pennsyl- vania ; Rev. A. J. Carty, of Philadelphia, and Rev. G. Z. Stup. of Trenton, New Jersey. In a large way, therefore, Dr. Kuhl- man 's ministry deejiened the spiritual life of the congregation, created an appreciation of things Lutheran, and cultivated an intelligent cooperation in the work of the church. Tie resigned the pastorate Septem])er, 1908, to accept a prof(^ssorship in the Gettysburg Seminary. Rev. Charles F. Steck, D.D., was pastor from 1908 to Fclu'uary 1, 1910. Two important events marked his pastorate. First, the constitution was revised, 1904. giving women of legal age the right to vote. Second, the fiftieth anniversary of the dedication of the present church building was ol:)served by a special festival of religious services, December 3-5, 1905. On July 1, 1910, the Rev. Ulysses S. G. Rupp, D.D., assumed the office of pastor here. He is the present incumbent and under his ministry further visil)le improvements have been made. In 1911 the duplex envelope system was introduced. A Beginners' Department was organized in the Sunday school in 1912 ; .$12,000 was spent to enlarge and improve the Sunday school building so as to accommodate this new department and the growing adult Bible classes. The Sunday school enrollment has reached the mark of 1,200. One hundred fourteen men were given to the country in the World War, and four of these died in France. The Sunday school is preparing for a fitting observance of its centennial in vSeptember, 1920. Thus we see this venerable church is still young and vigorous in life. 348 HISTORY OP MARYI.AND SYNOD. ST. MARK'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, HAMPSTEAD, MI). (Hampstead Charge.) liev. John A. Howe, Pastor. St. Mark's Lutheran Church, of Hampsteacl, is one of four congregations whieli originally formed the Ilarapstead charge. The other three are St. Peter's, near IToffmanYille, and St. Abra- ham's, at Beckhn-sville, and Christ's, of Trenton. This union existed until the meeting of the Maryland Synod at TTagerstown, in October. 191:1 On April 20, 1913, St. Mark's, of Hampstead, and Christ's, of Trenton, at congregational meet- ings called to consider the matter of separation, voted to sever their connection with St. Peter's and St. Abraham's congregations of the aforesaid Hampstead charge. Due notice was given of the action thus taken by St. Mark's, of Hampstead, and Christ's, of Tren- t(Mi, at a meeting of the joint coun- cil of the four congregations on August 1, 1913. A petition was tnken to the iNFaryland Synod meeting in convention at Hagers- town, on October 22, 1913, pray- ing that their request be granted, namely : that they be permitted to sever their relations from St. Peter's and St. Abraham's, and recognized as the Hampstead charge. The petition was granted and St. Mark's, of Hampstead, and Christ's, of Trenton, were constituted a separate charge. Rev. C. Lepley began to preach to the Lutherans in Hamp- stead in the spring of 1873. He held his services in the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, where he continued to preach for five months. The Red ]\Ien's Hall was then rented and in addition to preaching a Sunday school was organized and a class of cate- chumens gathered and instructed. Rev. Lepley served the few Lutherans in Hampstead for eighteen months, after which they were without a pastor for four and one-half years. Rev. A. H. Burk then commenced services in the Red Men's Eev. John A. Howe. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 349 Hall in April, 1879. On November 4th of the same year a class of sixteen members was gathered for catechetical instrnction, and on the thirteenth of November a congregation was organized. John Scheaffer and Casper Millender were the first elders, and Jesse Bixler and Thomas Gardner were the first deacons. The corner stone of the chnrch was laid on May 27, 1888. and the bnilding, a brick structnre 46 feet by 32 feet, was dedicated on December 27, 1883. The congregation then nnmbered twenty- five. Rev. Burk then continued to serve them until 1886. In Octol)er of that year Rev. S. J. Derr became pastor, and as the result of his untiring zeal and faithfulness the congregation was almost trebled in numbers. The debt was paid, the church was improved, and an enthusiastic, devoted spiritual life devel- oped. The pastors of Saint Clark's have been: Rev. C. Lepley, 1873 to September, 1875; Rev. A. 11. Burk, 1879 to 1880; Rev. S. J. Derr, 1886 to 1901; Rev. S. F. Tholan, April, 1901, to ]\Iay, 1904; Rev. L. W. Gross. Jnly 1, 1904, to :\Iay. 1906; Rev. Samuel Stauft'er, September. 1906, to :\Iarch, 1908; Rev. W. D. Nichols, May, 1908, to March, 1910; Rev. J. S. Keller, May, 1910, to April, 1912. Rev. T. T. Brown, a Presbyterian clergyman, sup- plied the charge from July 1. 1913, to October 1, 1914. Rev. A¥. M. Spangler. October 1. 1914. to July 1. 1919. The present pas- tor, Rev. John A. Howe, took charge in October, 1919. CHKIST'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, TRENTON, MD. (Hampstead Charge.) Eev. John A. Howe, Pastor. Christ's Evangelical Lutheran congregation, of Trenton, was organized by Rev. D. J. Hauer, D.D.. in 1858, as nearly as can be ascertained. In 1859 the corner stone of the church building was laid by Dr. Hauer and the church edifice was erected and dedicated that same year. It was made a pai-t of the same charge with St. I'aul's, of Arcadia, and was served by the pastors of that charge until 1880. when it became a part of the Hampstead charge. Rev. S. J. Derr served the church as pastor from 1886 to 1901 ; Rev. S. F. Tholan from April, 1901, to May, 1904 ; Rev. L. W. Gross from July 1, 1904, to I\Iay, 1906; Rev. Samuel StauflPer 350 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. from September. 1906, to ]\]areh, 1908; Rev. W. D. Nichols from .Alay. 1908. to :\Iareh. 1910 j Rev. J. S. Keller from Uay, 1910. to April, 1912; Rev. T. T. Brown from July 1, 1913, to October 1, 1914; Rev. W. ]\I. Spangler from October 1, 1914, to July 1, 1919 ; Rev. John A. Howe, October 9, 1919, to the present. ST. PAUL'S LUTHP]RAN CHURCH, ARCADIA, MD. (IIampstead Charge.) Rev. JoJui A. Howe, Paslor. A complete history of this church was written by Rev. Charles S. Jones in 1902, and published in a book of sixty-two pages. From this we gather the following facts : According to tradition St. Paul's was founded in 1770. But the records go back only to the year 1794. The first congrega- tion consisted largely of former members of the JManchester church, M'ho desired a more convenient place of worship than ]\Ianchester, which was fifteen miles distant. It is probable that the first organization was formed during the pastorate of Rev. Daniel Schroeder, of the IManchester charge. A few years later, in 1794. the first church was built. As it was built on a lot once owned by Jacob Allgeier, it was long known as ' * Allgeier 's Church.'' Originally the congregation was a union organization of Iju- therans and Reformed, but the Reformed part of the congregation died out in 1842. Rev. John Ilerbst seems to have been the first minister to serve the congregation after the building of the log church. He took charge about 1797. xVfter about twenty-eight years of service he was dismissed by St. Paul's council because "he had violated the discipline of the Church on a sacramental occasion." From this time until 1860 the line of pastors is the same as that of the mother church at IManchester. It is recorded that Rev. Keller in- troduced revivalistic methods, that Rev. Albert was famous for using big words, that Rev. Harpel "because of certain irregular conduct was forced to leave the charge." that Rev. Willard was also a revivalist, a strict disciplinarian, a very popular ])reacher, and overmuch given to joking, that Rev. Ruthrauff was a "pro- found theologian," that Rev. Schwartz was a young man and preached his farewell sermon on the text, "Brethren, these things ought not so to be." that Rev. Kaempfer, as pastor at IManchester, THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 351 did not preach at Arcadia, and that therefore the coming of Doc- tor Ilauer in 1853 was like the coming of Nehemiah to Jerusalem. During the pastorate of Dr. Hauer. in 1860. two of the churches of the ]\Ianchester charge, St. Paul's and Zoucksville, were dropped from the charge by the other churches. Thereupon St. Paul's and Zoucksville united with the church at Reisterstown to form the Reisterstown charge. They called the Rev. J. j\I. Graybill. of the Virginia Synod. He served just ten months and then Rev. Joseph R. Facht was called. He took charge in Janu- ary. 1862. The Chestnut Ridge Church was now added to the charge. In 1864 Rev. Jacob ^Martin succeeded Rev. Facht. ]Meanwhile the German element had become quite strong at St. Paul's and a separate German congregation was organized. This congregation worshipped in St. Paul's Church. During the pastorate of Rev. ]Martin there was much difficulty between these two congregations. The Germans supi)orted Rev. ^lartin, while the English rejected him and finally locked the door on him. The English element prevailed and Rev. IMartin was obliged to resign from St. Paul's. By this act St. Paul's church separated herself from the Reisterstown charge. She had no regular serv- ices from 1867 to 1870. In 1869. however, she joined th(^ Beck- leysville charge, which consisted of Beckleysville. St. Peter's (near Alesia), Hampstead, and Zoucksville. In 1870 this charge secured a pastor in tlie person of Rev. P. P. Lane. After much difficulty about the paying of the joint salary Rev. Lane resigned in 1872." The Beckleysville charge now divided on the (|uestion of the next pastor. Arcadia and Zoucksville insisted on electing Rev. Christian Lepley, while the other churches stood firm for Rev. Bergner. From 1874, therefore, Hampstead, Beckleysville. and St. Peter's constituted a charge and Trenton was added in 1880; and St. Paul's united with Reisterstown to form the second Reisterstown charge. This latter charge was served by Rev. Lepley until 1881. Rev. Albert Bell, of the Gettysburg Seminary, took u]^ the work of the Reisterstown charge in June, 1881. He ministered here until November, 1884. He was succeeded in 1885 by Rev. George H. Beckley. In 1897 Rev. Beckley resigned St. Paul's and continued to preach at Reisterstown. Thus St. Paul's stood independent. Then Rev. A. H. Burk, a son of the church, who in middle life had been ordained a minister, supplied St. Paul 's for two years until June, 1900. Then the Rev. Charles Stork Jones accepted a call to the church, and served the congregation for about two years. Rev. S. J. Derr was pastor of St. Paul's from 352 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. 1903 to 1911. After a vacancy of two years Rev. W. E. Hensel became pastor in 1913. Rev. Hensel was a recent graduate of Breklum Seminary, Germany, and had just graduated from the Seminary at Gettysburg. He continued to serve St. Paul's until his death in March. 1918. In December of that year the Mary- land Synod made St. Paul 's a part of the Hampstead charge and the present pastor is Rev. John A. Howe. The original church building was of logs. This was replaced in 1838 during the pastorate of Rev. Ilarpel with a house of stone. Again as early as 1859 the matter of building a new church was discussed. Put nothing was done in that direction until in 1882 during the pastorate of Rev. Albert Bell. Then the first brick church was built. The cost of this building was a little more than $2,200. In 1892 this structure was enlarged and improved. In 1902 the congregation secui'ed its own parsonage. ST. PAUL'S luthp:ran church, JEFFERSON, MD. (Jefferson Charge.) Ecv. George I. UMer, Pastor. This charge rceives its name from the place in which the larg- est of the four congregations that originally composed it is loca- ted. The town of Jefferson is sit- uated about eight miles from Frederick, along the state road leading from the latter place to Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. The Jefferson charge was formed about June 10, 1838. Originally tlie Burkittsville congregation and St. i\Iatthew's, of the ]\Ianor charge, were included. The Burk- ittsville congregation severed its connection in 1858, and St. ]Mat- thew's in 1886. During these thirty-one years therefore. St. Paul's, of Jefferson, St. Luke's, of Feagaville, and I\lount Zion congregations have composed the Jefferson charge. It should be noted that ]\Iount Zion almost from the formation of the charge, was comprised in the same. The beginnings of St. Paul's congregation antedate the KEV. GKOKGE I. 1)11 LEI THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 353 organization of the charg,:' by nearly lialf a century. As people of German descent mostly compi'iscd the congregations of J\Iid- dletown Valley, so we may infer with certainty that in the early formation of what is now St. Paul's they were also in a large majority. However a few names of those of other descent seem to be present. But it was a pastor of German extraction whose name is associated with a number of congregations surrounding Frederick in their primitive period, that also apparently min- istered first to the Lutherans of Jefferson, viz : Rev. D. F. Schaef- fer, D.D., of Frederick, who in the year 1810 conducted services in the school house every four weeks. What the developments were during the next twenty-five years seems rather obscure. St. Paul's was included in the Middle- town charge during the ministry of Rev. J G. Graeber in that place. That there must have been an increasing activity in the church life not only among the Lutherans, but also among the Reformed, is evident from the fact that an organization was effected by the former in 1825, and that the stone church was jointly constructed by these two denominations in 1827, during the ministry of Rev. Reck, then of the Middletown charge, who, with Rev. ]\I. Wachter, served from the latter place until 1838. The lot on which the union structure was erected was donated by jMr. Henry Hershberger of the Reformed faith. The first of- ficers of the Lutheran congregation were : Captain Henry Cul- ler, Mr. Thomas Thresher, Mr. Abraham Blessing, and Mr. Philip WiUiard. The new Lutheran church was begun some time in 1840, during the pastorate of Rev. C. C. Baughman. and completed in 1841, during the ministry of Rev. W. F. Eyster. The lot was deeded to the church by Captain Henry Culler for less than half its real value, $266. The church, which was of brick, cost $3,000. The first officers of the church ni 1841 were INlessrs. Solomon Blessing, Jacob Ahalt, Captain Henry Culler, George Richards, Daniel Cul- ler, Lewis Easterday, and John Willard. The first bell was a gift of the iMiddletown congregation. The excellent parsonage and beautiful grounds were pur- chased in 1850. during the pastorate of Rev. D. J. Hauer, for $2,000. The pi'esent commodious church building was erected in 1866, during the pastorate of Riv. IT. G. Bowers, at a cost of $16,000. In September, 1874. the rear gable was blown in by a severe storm, causing considerable damage. The church was promptly repaired with the expenditure of $1,000. The fine bells in the tower, sending out the joyful invitations to the house of God, 23 354 msTOKV of Maryland synod. were i)ur('hascd for -t-lOO. Ju 1897. during the uiiuistry of Rev. S. A. Hedges, rei)airs, iiuprovenients and additions were made, sueh as new leaded-glass windows, frescoing, painting, light re- flector and pipe organ, costing in all $3,000. The church cemetery has also been recently enlarged and improved with an expendi- ture of about $1,000. Daring the month of April, 1899, a new roof was placed upon the church with the outlay of $250. With all these material improvements the congregation has grown numerically and spiritually. Dr. Ilorine, in i-eferring to this congregation, says, "With the number of church papers and periodicals it reads, we justly infer that the people have an intelligent appreciation of the wH)rk of the church at large." Among the first officers at the time of organization appears the name of J. Phillip WilUird. He afterwards entered the min- istry. Besides serving a number of charges with unusual suc- cess he was also equally successful in .soliciting funds for the various operations of the church. Fourteen thousand dollars were secured by him in eleven months for the completion of the endowment of a German professorship in the Theological Sem- inary at Gettysburg. As financial agent for the Lutheran Board of Publication, he secured $40,000. It was he who originated the idea of the Orphans' Home at Loysville, Pa., and he was its su- perintendent for twenty-five years. His name has been familiar in that home and the church as Father Willard. Rev. W. A. Wadsworth is described as a man "of fine intellect, good scholarship and sterling integrity of character." He how- ever suffered ill health and was thus hindered from engaging in the active work of the ministry except for a little time. Rev. Charles A. Stork. D.D.. whose mother was born in J»^ffer- son, usually spent his summers on his grandfather's farm when a boy. Rev. J. M. Friday was a son of St. Paul's who met a seemingly untimely death. He left his home in Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, May 31, 1877, to perform a marriage ceremony in Mary- land and upon his returning after the rite was "unhumanly" murdered. But four years were thus permitted to be spent in the ministry. Rev. M. L. Culler, D.D., now in his eightieth year is also a son of this church. He has now retired from the ministry after a long period of active work. He has held various positions of honor in the church. In 1899 he wrote "The Early History of the Lutheran Churches in the j\Iiddletown Valley," to which we are indebted for much of the material of this narrative. THE CHURCHES OP THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 355 Seldom does it liappen that two sons of a minister enter the ministry from the place in which they were born and from the church in which they were reared. This virtually occurred in JeflPerson from St. Paul's during the long ministry of their fa- ther. Rev. H. G. Bowers, both Rev. George S. Bowers. D.D., and his brother Rev. John Culler Bowers, D.D., entered the Lutheran ministry. We come to rather a productive period of ministers in this con- gregation from 1900 to 1905. The first during this time was Rev. Frederick W.. son of Rev. J. M. Friday, whose father's sad death is noted above. Rev. Robert W. Doty entered the ministry 1902. He is at present serving a large congregation in Western Penn- sylvania. George II. Easterday was ordained in 1904. He latei' demitted the ministry and is now well located in New York City. Rev. Silas H. Culler was the fourth of those born in Jefferson bearing that familiar name to enter the ministry in 1905. MOUNT ZIOX LUTIIERAX ("HUKCH, FREDERICK COUXTY, MD. (Jefferson Charge.) Eev. George I. VJiler, Faslor. This congregation precedes St. Paul's, of Jefferson, in the time of organization. The church was built in 1819. It is located a little over four miles from Jefferson and about the same distance from Frederick, about a mile inland from the state road, on an elevation, in view of St. Luke's three-quarters of a mile distant. Rev. D. F. Schaeffer, D.D., served this congregation from Fred- erick. It was during his ministry at the latter place that a stone building was constructed jointly by Refoi-med and Lutherans. It continued to be a union church until about 1880, when the Lutherans bought the Reformed interest for one dollar, the lat- ter locating at Feagaville. The Lutherans continued to be served by the pastors from Frederick until 18-10. It was during Rev. S. W. Harkey's pastorate at the latter place that Blount Zion, with the Manor congregation, was "relincjuished" and became con- nected with the Jefferson charge. In 1885 there was a desire to construct a new church but on account of a disagreement as to the location of the new building, a small part of the constituency of IMount Zion congregation with- drew. The remaining members built a new brick church on the same site on which the original church was located, during the 356 HISTOKV OF MARYLAND SYNOD. l)asl orate of Kev. W. II. Scttlcincy.'i-. at a (-(.st of .$1.S(I(). While there were but a few that at first withdrew upon tlie (h^-ision of the location of the new Blount Zion, there were those who after- wards followed. Since that time to the present there have been severe losses by removal and death, but it has maintained its ex- istence with remarkable fortitude. In the wills of Messrs. Eehr and Smith, deceased, the church has received kindly remem- l)rances. The most familiar name in this congregation is Fulmer. Five of the council bear that name. ST. LUKE'S luthp:iiax chukch, FEAGAA^ILLE, MD. (Jefferson Charge.) licv. George I. llhler, I'asiov. The early history of this congregation is not hidden by dis- tance of time as that of the other two of the charge. It is located between Jefferson and Frederick in the village of Feagaville. Of the members who withdrew from ]\Iount Zion seventeen met for organization August 30, 1885. The first officers were : D. Milton Culler, Joseph A. Unglebower, Charles E. Feaga, John L. Renn, George B. Culler, E. C. Renn, R. R. Zimmerman, and E. H. Easterday. The membership increased to twenty-seven in a short time. But this little flock would hardly have undertaken the Iniilding of the present fine structure during the same year, had not financial aid been extended from a source outside of themselves. The lot. however, was donated by one of their own number, ^Ir. John L. Renn. Colonel Henry Culler, of Jefferson, contributed $3,000 towards the building of St. Luke's, in mem- ory of his deceased son, Clayton Culler. The ground of the cem- etery was also a contrilnition of his. The entire cost of the church was $4000. It was built during the pastorate of Rev. W. H. Settlemeyer. It was dedicated De- cember 6, 1885, and was incorporated January 23, 1886. It was enlarged in 1896, and dedicated January 10, 1897. The cost was $900. Five hundred dollars of this amount was contributed by Colonel Henry Culler. Upon the death of the wife of Colonel Culler in 1911, St. Luke's received by her will $3200. The in- tention of the becjuest was to purchase a parsonage, should St. Luke's ever become a separate charge. Otherwise the interest of the same was to be used for repairs for the church. The membership of St. Luke's has gradually increased from THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 357 its iiicei)ti()ii to this time. IJcsidcs tlic family names ahove. Derrs, Beards, ^lurrays. Howards, as well as others, have l)een active from its earliest days, lu these days of consolidation one would think that the ])roximity of ]\Ioiint Zion and St. Luke's would lead them to unite into one organization, but at this writing there are no such indications. p]ach seems happy in its separate exist- ence. Following is a recapitulation of the pastors of the Jefferson charge : Revs. A. Reck and ^F. AA^achter served from Aliddletown until 1838. Rev. Harpel was pastor from 1838 to 1840. Rev. Jesse AVinecoff became pastor in 18-40 for a few months. Rev. C. C. Baughman was pastor but a short time, in 1841. Rev. AV. F. Eyster became pastor in 1841, and contiiuied until 1843. He was a man highly esteemed for his work's sake, and greatly beloved for his Christian kindness and general excellence of character. Rev. D. J. Hauer's pastorate began in 1844. and closed in 1852. He was an earnest and pungent preacher, very positive in his convictions. He was abundant in labors, and his ministry was very prosperous. Rev. G. S. Collins was pastor for two years, from 1853 to 1855. He was a man of tine literary attainments and remarkably fluent in speech. For a village pastor he possessed an exceptionally large and w^ell-selected library. Failing health compelled his resignation. His deceased wife is buried in the Lutheran grave- yard in Jelferson. Rev. B. Appleby was pastor from 1855 to 1857. Rev. Edwin Dorsey's pastorate extended from 1857 to 1858. Rev. H. G. Bowers became his successor in April, 1858, and remained the faithful pastor until 1878. His abundant success put an end to the short pastorates so long characteristic of this charge. Reference has already been made to the residts of his ministry. He was pastor during the exciting period of the Civil AVar. His prudence, caution. Christian forbearance, together with his continuously faithful labors, advanced the spiritual and material w^elfare of the entire charge. The mortal body of Rev. Bowers rests in the cemetery of the church he served so well. Rev. AV. H. Settlemeyer became pastor in 1878, and continued his ministry until 1886. Under his active ministry the charge en- joyed much prosperity. During his pastorate the new churches, Alount Zion and St. Luke's, were built in 1885. In 1886, Rev. S. A. Hedges took charge. Under his faithful 558 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. and effit'i(Mit ministry the entire charge enjoyed very much spir- itual and material prosperity. Rev. Hedges served this charge until 1900. Also the following ])Mstors have served this charge: Rev. L. A. Bush, 1901 and 3 902; Rev. George Millar. 1902 and 1903; Rev. W. S. T. Metzger, 1908 to 1908; Rev. A. G. Null, 1908 to 1914; Rev. G. I. IThler, 1915 to . LOVETTSVILLE TASTORATE, LOVETTSVILLE, VA. l^ev. F. W. Mfijer, Pastor. The first real settlers to locate in Loudon County, Virginia, came in 1782. Among the early settlers to locate in the northern ])ai't of the county was a colony of Germans from Pennsylvania and pos- sibly some of the colony direct from the Fatherland. As early as 1824 Lovettsville had become quite a village. This proved to be another illustration of the rule that wherever a Ger- man settlement located the school house and church followed. The first authentic record of ths organization of the New Jerusa- lem Lutheran Church at Lovetts- ville is dated 1765. Inferences, however, warrant that the church was organized much earlier. In 1782 the Rev. John Casper Stoever, an early missionary of the Lutheran Church, was pastor of Hebron Church in INIadison County, Virginia. In his "Lu- theran Church in Virginia," pub- lished in Hanover, Germany, in 1737, he states that he visited the congregations of the German set- tlers in the locality of Lovettsville. This German nucleus evi- dently crystallized into the New Jerusalem Church. Little progress seems to have been made in the Lutheran church in Loudon County until 1765. Then, under the pastoral oversight of the Rev. Schwerdfeger, a log church and school house were erected on the ground now occupied by the present Kkv. F. W. Meyer. THE CIIUKCIIKS OF THK MIDDIA-: COXFKKIONCE. 359 edifice. This seems to have l)een the l)eyiiiiiiii HISTORY OF 1V1ARYLAND SYNOD. dedicated August 22, 19] 5. This handsome ehureh. of red pressed brick, with lime-stone trimmings, costing $30,000, equipped with sanctuary, Sunday school room and many class rooms, social hall, and ])eautitied with opalescent windows of rare l)eanty, is a great credit to the congregation and the patient and untiring efforts of Pastor Lau. Those in the church council during this period were : W. D. Hanson, H. F. Leese, Geo. AV. Sharrer, II. B. Burgoon, Roswell lloffacker, J. R. L. AVink, Walter E. Garrett. Charles Reed. The huihling committee: David L. Brown, James T. Yingling. Ilor- Mr. J. E. L. Wink, Manchester, Md. Mk. H. F. Leese, Manchester, Md. atio R. Garrett, Geo. ^I. Reed, George W. Sharrer. Pastor Lau, with the cooperation of the above committee, deserves great credit for the building of the church. II. F. Leese and J. R. L. Wink, as secretary and treasurer of the church council, deserve special mention for their accurate record-keeping. In 1911 a Ladies' Aid was organized and under the manage- ment of President IMrs. II. S. Musselman, the gifts to the church totaled $4,500, while the social and educational work of the so- ciety l^ecame a great help to the church. After Rev. Lau's resignation in 1916, Rev. C. G. Leatherraan, of Vandergrift, Pa., heard the call to Alanchester, and on June 25, 1916, was installed pastor of the charge. After six months' vacancy and oppressed with $10,500 debt, the m.embership rallied splendidly to the call of the new leader. Renewed courage tilled THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 363 their hearts. The spiritual atmosphere was prevalent and lh<' uplift was felt in every line of work. Benevolent work was regularly presented and the offerings grew from Sji250 the first year, to .$600 the second and $1,200 the third. Local expenses were promptly met for the tirst time in a generation. The pastor issued neat and helpful Lenten folders, each presenting an appeal for a liberal free-will offering for the debt and resulting in $2,100 in 1917, $1,800 in 1918. and $5,100 in 1919, at which time the debt and interest, amounting to $11,- 500, was paid. Meanwhile the field had grown to proportions much too large for one man to cultivate it efficiently. In 1797 Bachman's Church had been added to JManchester ; in 1853 the Lineboro Church was added, and in 1878 the Snydersburg Church was organi/jnl as a part of the charge. Each of these four congregations pre- sented a large and growing tield. In 1917, therefore, by action of the Synod the Snydersburg Church was detached from the IMan- chester charge, and in 1919 it was amicably agreed by the remain- ing congregations that the ^lanchester congregation should con- stitute a separate pastorate and that the Lineboro and Bachraan 's congregations should constitute a new charge. This new charge is known as the North Carroll charge. Thus with the full time and enei'gy of a pastor at hs^r service Immanuel church faces the greatest advance and the most thorough development in her history. This church has given to th(^ ministry Rev. J. K. Miller, Rev. Peter Warner, Rev. jMichael Fair, Rev. Adam Zimmerman, Rev. Dr. Jeremiah Zimmerman, of Syracuse; Rev. Dr. Leander M. Zimmerman, of Baltimore, and Rev. Dr. Charles S. Trump, late of Martinsburg, West Virginia. MANOR-DOUBS PASTORATE, FREDERICK COUNTY, MD. Rev. E. L. Folk, Pastor. The Manor-Doul)s pastorate covers the territory south of Fred- erick between the Catoctin ^Mountain and the IMonocacy River, known as Carroll's j\Ianor, from which it derives its name. The pastorate consists of three churches: St. JMatthew's, on the Point of Rocks road, four miles north of Doubs; St. Mark's, at Doubs, and St. Luke's, at Point of Rocks. The parsonage is at Doubs. 1364 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Kev. E. L. Folk. St. ]\Iatth('\v's Chuivh is Ihc jjureiit cliui-cli of llic pastorate and was tor a long time llic only Lutlieraii cliurcli in lliis part of the county. Its early history is involved in obscurity. The r Myersville, Md. 1878. The next pastor was Rev. II. G. Bowers, whose ministry began in March, 1879, and closed in INIarch, 1882. The longest pastorate was that of Rev. A. ]\[. Smith, which l)egan June 25, 1882, and continued to September 25, 1895. Then came Rev. W. L. Remsburg, in 1896, and served till November, 1902. He was the last pastor before St. Paul's withdrew and formed the new pastorate of Myersville. During his term of service the interior of St. John's was rearranged and beautified. Rev. Gr. W. Stroup became the first pastor after the charge was divided, taking charge in August, 1904, and resigning April 1, 1910. During his pastorate the parsonage was burned, in 1905, 392 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. and immt'diately ivl)uilt, and tlie Wolfsville chnrch was repaired and a vestibule and tower added at a cost of $1,100 and reopened June 6, 1909. Rev. W. D. Nicoll became pastor Mi\y ], 1910, and served not quite two years. Rev. A. H. Burk became pastor Api'il 1, 1913, and served till stricken by death in the midst of his labors, IMarch 28, 1914. He had taken hold of the work with energy and consecration that promised great results when called suddenly to his home above. He drove three miles to Harmony, taught a catechetical class, came home and passed to his reward that same evening. The charge was then vacant till June 15. 1915, when Rev. J. B. Umberger, the present pastor, was called to the work. Dur- ing this vacancy it was supplied by students from Gettysburg Theological Seminary. Rev. J. G. C. Knipple, a student, sup- plied the charge very acceptably during the vacation of 1914. The parsonage was built by St. John's congregation, in 1850. on a plot of ground adjoining the church grounds, at a cost of $1,600, of which the Micldletown congregation gave $239. The erection of this parsonage was made memorable and peculiarly sad by the accidental death of IMr. Enos Routzahn, one of the most highly esteemed members of the church, who was killed while assisting in placing some heavy timbers in the building. During the past few years extensive improvements have been made to the church and the cemetery and surroundings. St. John's congregation has furnished three of her sons for the Gospel ministry: the Rev. J. Elmer Bittle, D.D., son of the late T. F. Bittle, and for many years Missionary Superintendent of the Pittsburgh Synod ; and the Rev. Elmer F. Rice and Rev. Clay E. Rice, sons of IMr. and ]\Irs. M. L. Rice, both of whom are now in the active ministry and rendering efficient service in the Pittsburgh and East Pennsylvania Synods, respectively. From this community, if not from this congregation, came Drs. Daniel and David Bittle, who figured so prominently in the Lu- theran Church and the early history of Roanoke College. THE CTITTRniES OF THE MmDLE CONFERENCE. 393 WOLFSVILLE LUTHERAN CHURCH, WOLFSA^ILLE, MI). (St. John's Charge.^ Rev. J. B. Umherger, Pastor. The early records of the Wolfsville (Jhurch are very meager and deficient. But from the information available it seems to have been organized by Rev. C. C. Culler, then pastor of the Funkstown charge, in 1845. with forty members, and remained in connection with the Funkstown charge until 1850, when it Wolfsville Lutheran Church, Wolfsville, Md. was connected with St. John's, forming the St. Jolin's charge. The church was built in 1847. In August, 1912, it was unroofed and otherwise damaged by a storm. After being repaired and re- roofed with metal roofing it w^as again reopened March 2, 1913, Rev. Null officiating. The repairs cost $400. From this congregation the Rev. Lemuel F. Stotelraj^er entered the Gospel ministry. 394 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. TRIXITY LUTPIEKAX CHURCH, TAXEYTOWX, ^ID. Bev. L. B. Hafer, Bastor. Trinity Lutheran Church, of Taneytown, is one of the land- marks of early Lutheranism in America. No one can fix the date of its beginning, but it was certainly not many years after the first Lutheran l)eginnings west of the Susquehanna. The oldest reeoi'd ])r(\served is that of a baptism in 1788. This record is made in a book which tells more definitely the story of the church since 1792. At that time the pas- tor was Rev. John Guenther Wingandt, and this is the first regular pastorate of which we have definite knowledge. The of- ficers of the church at that time were ^lichael Null and LTlrich Reaver, elders ; and ^Matthew Shriner and John Zumbrum, dea- cons. The first three of these family names are still on the church record, and the last is well remem])ered in the community. The congregation was first known as the "German Lutheran Congregation of Taneytown." Services were conducted exclu- sively in the German language until 1828, when the demand for English preaching became so strong that an English assistant was secured for the pastorate. From that time until several years after the civil war both languages were used, and now for nearly a half century the services have been in English only. During the latter part of the eighteenth century this congre- gation was served by pastors who were not resident, but about the beginning of the nineteenth century this became the center of a pastoral charge, which included at various periods, Emmitsburg, Fountaindale, ]Mount Joy, Baust. L^niontown, Winters, ]Mount Union and Keysville. Some of the pastors were almost entitled to be called itinerant missionaries, so faithfully did they labor to establish the church in all the surrounding communities. Their work abides even to the present time. In Taneytown especially Eev. L. B. Hafek THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 395 was there great success in gathering people into the church, so that from the early records this appears as a large congi-ega- tion. There are now about six hundred seventy confirmecl members. Five buildings have been used in the history of this congrega- tion. First the Lutherans, with the Reformed and Presbyterian congregations, used in com- mon for many years a frame building that stood on ground which is now part of the Re- formed cemetery, but in 1811 the congregation laid the cor- ner stone for a building where the church now stands. and two years later the struc- ture was formall}^ dedicated. About thirty years later this building was remodeled and enlarged. Beginning in the fall of 1870 a new church was built, and after more than twenty-five years that l)uil(l- ing was so extensively remod- eled, enlarged and improved as to give the present beauti- n 1 -. -,. , , Rev. Ezra Keller, D.D. lul and commodious churcli ' all the appearance of an entirely new structure. This was dedi- cated May 9, 1897. The list of pastors of this congregation, as far as can be ascer- tained, includes eighteen : John G. Wingandt. 1788-1795 ; John F. Ruthrauff, 1796-1799; John David Young. 1800-1808; John Grobp, 1803-1828; John N. Hoffman, 1828-1833; Samuel D. Finckel, 1834-1837 ; Ezra Keller, 1837-1840 ; Solomon Sentman, 1841-1858; Levi T. Williams, 1858-1867; Peter Bergstresser, 1867-1874; AV. H. Luckenbach, 1875-1878; Samuel G. Finckel, 1878-1883; Oliver C. Roth, 1883-1889; George W. McSherry, 1890-1896; D. Frank Garland. 1896-1899; Charles A. Britt, 1899-1904; William E. Wheeler, 1904-1910; Luther B. Hafer, since March 1, 1911. ]\Iost of these terms of service have been short. One conspicu- ous exception among the German pastors was the last, Rev. John Grobp, who served a quarter of a century, and then continued to live in the community. His body rests in the cemetery here. Rev. Solomon Sentman was the most notable exception among the 300 HISTORY OF MARYI.AND SYNOD. English pastors, serving over seventeen years. No man ever left a deeper impression than he, the most missionary of them all. Rev. Ezra Keller attained distinction as the founder of Wittenberg College soon after leaving Taney town. In a history so long as that of this congregation there have been, of course, many persons whose life and work would be worthy of mention, but on account of the limitation of space no fair individual mention is possible, so that we do not venture into that except to note the sons that the congregation has given for the mitiistrv. These, in chronological order are: Rev. Nathan Trixity LuTUEiiAX (.'iiuiicii, Taxkytowx, Md. Cornell, Rev. :\Iilton Valentine. D.D., LL.D., Rev. Henry Reck, Rev. John W. Kregle, Rev. Jacob A. Clutz, D.D., and Rev. Charles W. Hess. Some of these, as is well known, rose to posi- tion of eminence in the church. The last two are still in the serv- ice, Dr. Clutz in the Seminary at Gettysburg, and Rev. C. W. Hess an honored pastor in the Maryland Synod. Besides these, Daniel E. L. ]\Iehring prepared for the ministry, but died in 1856, just before completing his course in the seminary; and Verle E. C. Snider, a student for the ministry and volunteer for the foreign field, laid down his life in France, j918. This congregation cannot lay claim to great distinction in any particular, but it can fairly be said that in all its history it has THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 39i maintained at least a fair average, and generally there has been a steady, even, if not rapid, progress. The greatest advance in recent years has been in the matter of church finances, so that the congregation stands to-day with its valuable property free of debt, with a good beginning of an endowment for the cemetery fund, with good balances in nearly all its treasuries, and con- tributing much more largely to the general benevolences of the church than in former years. There is still room, however, for much progress before the limit of ability shall have been reached. For a more satisfactory, though by no means complete, sketch of the history of this congregation, the reader is referred to ''A Brief Sketch of Trinity Lutheran Church, Taney town, Md." This was w^ritten by Rev. L. B. Hafer and was published by the congregation in 1911, in connection with the celebration of the centennial anniversary of the laying of the corner stone of the first separate building. It is available by application to the pas- tor, or at the seminary library at Gettysburg. ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, THURMONT, I\ID. Bcv. ^V. C. Waltemijcr, Pastor. The St. John's Evangelical Lu- theran congregation of Thurmont was organized about 1760. The first building was located al)()ut a mile northeast of the town antl was called Appel's Church. The property was held jointly with a Reformed congregation. Unfor- tunately many of the early rec- ords of the congregation were ac- cidentally destroyed, with the re- sult that we have only a tradi- tional knowledge of the events of those first years. In the year 1857 the Lutherans decided to relincjuish their rights in the Appel's Church and build m the town itseii. That same year a splendid structure was erected. It was of brick and stone, with Sunday school rooms in the basement and the church audi- 398 HIRTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. torium above. During the pastorate of the Rev. J. II. Barb. D.D., a pipe organ was installed. In 1909, during the pastorate of the late Rev. ]\I. L. Beard, a new and larger chnreh building was erected on the site of the former one. This present building is of brick and attractive and commanding in appearance. The Sunday school rooms are on the tirst floor and above is the main auditorium with a seating capacity of three luuidrecl and fifty. The interior is most attractive and is churchly in all its appoint- ments. The congregation in 1917 i)urchased and improved the St. John's Lutheran Church, Thurmont, Md. modern and comfortable residence next door to the church for a parsonage. The present value of the church property is conserva- tively placed at $20,000. The following pastors have served the congregation : Roden- laub. D. F. Schaeffer. F. Haas. J. G. Grubb, Michael Wachter, S. W. Harkey. Reuben Weiser. J. J. Remensnyder, J. Richards, G. W. Anderson, 1853-1856; W. Hunt, 1856-1861; S. Curtis, 1862-1866; John Unruh. 1866-1871; John J. Summers. 1871- 1877; W. C. Wire, 1877-1887; J. H. Barb, D.D., 1887-1896; Arthur Bredenbeck, 1897-1898; W. S. T. Metzger. 1899-1903; C. E. Keller, D.D., (supply 1903-1906) : M. L. Beard, 1906-1915; W. C. Waltemyer, 1916 . The Rev. Prof. Abdel Ross Wentz, Ph.D., acted as supply one year (]\Iarch, 1918-March, 1919), while THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 399 the present pastor. Eev. W. C. Waltemyer. was serving as chap- lain in the United States Army. Three sons of the congregation attended our educational in- stitution at Gettysburg in preparation for the ministry. War- ren Demuth left the seminary to enter the Episcopal Church. Luther S. Black entered the Lutheran .ministry iu 1888, but in 1908 became a minister of the Presbyterian faith. Edgar J. Eyler had but one more j^ear at the seminary when responding to the call of patriotism became an otficer in the United States ]\[r. (teokue .1. Tkexler, Thurniont, Md. Mr. Lester y. Birely, Thurmoiit, Mil. Army and ])ravely died on the field of battle early in the fall of 1918". The congregation in this year of 1919 has among its members four veterans of the Civil War. There were thirty young men to represent her in the World War, and three of them gave their lives for their country. St. John's has been blessed in having a continuous line of strong, efficient and zealous laymen. Conspicuous among those of earlier days were: Joseph E. Webster, who entered into his eternal reward in 1891, and who for more than thirty consecutive years was superintendent of the Sunday school; John Rouzer, who died in 1892, a most liberal contributor and earnest worker; Van B. Osier, who died in 1901, Sunday school superintendent, choir leader and frequently a member of the church council; Judge William J. Black, who died in 1902, a man of keen men- 400 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. tality and deei) spirituality, a strong leader; and Col. John R. Rouzer. who passed away in 1915, Sunday school superintendent and active in the church council. The present active laymen are worthy sons of their church fathers. A few of the present-day leaders are : Senator J. P. T. ^Mathias, formerly Sunday school superintendent and active in the church council; John G. Jones, active and efficient in all phases of church work ; George J. Damuth, zealous and most de- pendable ; Lester S. Birely, for six years the efficient superin- tendent of the Sunday school and a strong leader in the general work of the congregation ; George J. Trexler, the present enthu- siastic superintendent of the Sunday school and vice-president of the church council. The photographs of the last named two lay- men appear with this sketch. The organizations within the congregation continuously have been directed by efficient and godly men and women. The chief organizations are the Sunday school, the ]\rite Society and the Woman's ]\Iissionary Society. The Sunday school has been a vital help in the building up of the congregation both materially and spiritually. Besides those whose names have already appeared as active in the Sunday school, mention should be made of the following splendid work- ers: Franklin Dotterer, ]Miss Linnie ]\[cGuigan, ]\Tiss Maude Weller and iMiss Grace Henshaw. The Mite Society, with ninety women in its membership, has contributed untold energy and much money to our local work. ]\rrs. L. R. Waesche, I\riss Estelle Castle and Mrs. Belva A. E. Birely have been excellent leaders. The Woman's Missionary Society has been a real blessing. Its members have combined knowledge with zeal and the result has been that the congregation has always had an intelligent in- terest in missionary activity. ^Mrs. Harriet Landers, ]\lrs. Jas. A. McGuigan, Mrs. H. C. Foreman, Mrs. Ruth M. Jones, and Mrs. Levi Leatherman, all of whom are still active, have been enthu- siastic members for years. St. John's Church of Thurmont has a present communicant membership of three hundred, a Lutheran consciousness and a world-wide vision of service for the ^Master. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 401 ST. JAMES' LUTHERAN CHURCH, UNIOX BRIDGE, MD. (Union Bridge Charge.) Bev. W. 0. Ihach, Pastor. Ill the summer of 1881, John W. Angel, Abram E. Null, H. H. Rowe, members of Mount Union, and Rev. D. B. Floyd, pastor at Uniontown. began to agitate the question of building a Lu- theran eliureh at Union Bridge. D. C. Derr, a Lutheran, and Professor James Yates, a Presbyterian, residents of the town, cooperated. October 23, 1881, at a congregational meeting at INtount LTnion, it was decided to disband as a congregation and unite with the Lutherans in and around Union Bridge in an effort to build in the growing town. That same evening Rev. D. B. Floyd preached the tirst Lutheran ser- mon there and continued the services every two weeks, the little band worshipping; in Ander's Hall. Twenty-one Lutherans in the place united with those from ]\Iount Union and a committee was appointed to secure a lot and funds for building. At a meeting of the ^Middle Conference of the iMaryland Synod at Taneytown, October. 1881. a committee consisting of Revs. D. B. Floyd, George Diehl, D.D.. H. W. Kuhns, John W. Angel, and D.' C. Derr, was appointed to encourage the movement. The removal of the chairman of this committee from the bounds of the Synod delayed the work. The corner stone was laid IMay 24, 1883, and the cliureh was dedicated January 1, 1884, at the cost of $4,000. Some of the members at IMount Union who had voted to re- move to Union Bridge, changed their minds and remained with the old church. This was followed by a reorganization at Union Bridge and weakened the young congregation. During the sum- mer of 1884 and winter of 1885 the new church was supplied from the seminary at Gettysburg. In IMay, 1885, Rev. C. L. T. Fisher was elected pastor and assumed charge. 26 Eev. W. O. Ibach. 402 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. During his pastorate of a little more than a year considerable accessions were made to the membership and IMessiah Lutheran Church of Freedom with St. James' were formed into a charge, the pastor receiving financial aid also from the Board of Home Missions. Rev. Fisher resigned June 30, 1886, and was succeeded by Rev. M. E. McLinn. During his pastorate, St. James' built an elegant parsonage at a cost of $2,600. On his resignation in 1890, the charge was divided and Keysville and Union Bridge made a pas- torate. On iMarcli 31. 1891, Rev. G. G. ^I. Brown became the first pas- tor of the new charge. He labored faithfully and successfully until December 1, 1893. Rev. R. L. Patterson became Rev. Brown's successor June 10, 1894. The church made steady and solid progress and the debt on the parsonage was reduced from $2,100 to $375. In 1897 negotiations were begun for the addition of JMount Tabor congre- gation, Rocky Ridge, to the charge. Largely through the efforts of the pastor this arrangement was consummated on October 1, 1897. Rev. Patterson closed his labors on September 24, 1899. Rev. G. W. Enders, Jr., began his pastorate on December 1, 1899. He labored faithfully and was instrumental in paying the mortgage indebtedness and floating debt of $1,810, besides mak- ing repairs to church and parsonage. Rev. Enders resigned Sep- tember 1, 1905, and was succeeded Octolier 1, 1905, by Rev. O. E. Bregenzer, who continued his labors until December 31, 1912. Rev. G. A. Royer began his labors October 1, 1913. During his pastorate the church was thoroughly remodeled, so much so that virtually a new church was the result. It was modernized and on the completion of the work was pronounced the most beau- tiful church in the community. Rev. Royer closed his pastorate January 31. 1916, and was succeeded by Rev. W. 0. Ibach, on July 1, 1916. the present pastor. St. James' is composed of a loyal, consecrated band of workers. About ten years ago the congregation lost many of its good workers when the railroad shopmen were moved to Hagerstown. The remaining members took on renewed courage and by hard work have kept the work moving. In the summer of 1919 it was resolved to build a social hall. This was felt to be necessary in order to care for the development of the young people and impress ujx)!! them that the cliurch is their spiritual home. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 403 MOUXT TABOR LUTHERAX CHURCH, ROCKY RIDGE, MD. (Union Bridge Charge.) Rev. W. 0. Ihach, Pastor. This congregation was organized in 1873. Owing to the lack of records very little information of the early history is to be ob- tained. On IMarch 4. 1874, the corner stone was laid of the IMount Ta])or Lntheran and Reformed Chnrch. This marked a definite point in the spiritnal development of the community. The first regular pastor was Rev. W. C. Wire, who entered upon his labors in 1876. Rev. J. II. Barb began his lal)ors on November 17. 1887, and served the field until February 17, 1896. The aliove pastors served the Thurmont charge of which ]\Iount Talior was a part. On October 1, 1897, the congregation became part of the Union Bridge charge, at which time Rev. R. L. Patterson assumed pas- toral relationship and faithfully miuistered until October 1, 1899. From this time to the present the i)astors of the above charge have ministered to the spiritnal needs of Mount Tabor. During the pastorate of Rev. G. A. Royer the church was reno- vated and modern furnishings secured. A two-manual pipe organ was installed and the church frescoed. In 1917 stained glass memorial windows replaced the old windows; a beavitiful altar painting, representing "Christ, the Comforter," also a memorial; and a complete electric plant and motor for the organ, were purchased. Thus this rural congregation is worshipping in a plant that is up-to-date in all particulars. On August 30, 1919, six acres comprising a beautiful grove near the church were purchased and permanent buildings will be erected to care for the social needs of the congregation. KEYSVILLE LUTHERAX CHURCH, KEYSVILLE, MD. (Union Bridge Charge.) Rev. W. 0. Ibach, Pastor. This congregation was organized October 21, 1872, under the pastoral supervision' of Rev. P. Bergstresser. who was pastor of Trinity Church, Taneytown. ]Most of the charter members were from Trinity congregation. From the time of the organization 404 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. until made part of tho Union Hridgc cliargc in 1889, the i)ast()ral supply was somewhat irregular, as it was too weak to support a regular pastor aud had no eonueetion with any charge. The pastors at Taneytown as a rule supplied Keysville. Sometimes a student from the seminary at Gettysburg preached for them during vacation. Since it has become a part of a charge and has enjoyed the regular ministrations of a pastor it has grown steadily. Since its organization it has worshipped in a union church, owned by the Reformed and Lutheran congregations. In the sirring of 1919 it was decided that a new^ church home of its own was necessary to maintain its congregational life and its share in the building was sold to the Reformed brethren. Preparations were immediately made to secure a site for the new building and Brother and I\Irs. Kisor presented an acre, beautifully located on the Taneytown road, one dollar being paid so that a clear title could be obtained. Active work is going on and materials are being secured to complete the structure wnthin the next year. Ground for the new building was broken on September 6, 1919. When this is completed this congregation will have a dignified and substantial house of worship and be in the best position to minister to the spiritual needs of its devoted people. The following pastors have served the congregation : Rev. P. Bergstresser, 1872; Rev. L. T. Williams, 1874; Rev. E. S. John- ston, 1876; Rev. I\I. L. Beard. 1877; Rev. J. U. Asper, 1886; Rev. 0. C. Roth, 1887 ; Rev. L. DeYoe, 1889 ; Rev. ]\L E. McLinn, 1890; Rev. G. G. M. Brown, 1891; Rev. R. L. Patterson, 1894; Rev. G. W. Enders, Jr.. 1899; Rev. 0. E. Bregenzer, 1905; Rev. G. A. Royer, 1913; Rev. W. O. Ibach, 1916. ST. LUKE'S LUTHERAX CHURCH, NEW WIXDSOR, MD. (Uniontown Charge.) Ecv. B. E. Peirea, Pastor. This large charge, located in Carroll County, Maryland, is com- posed of four country churches: St. Luke's (Winter's), Eman- uel (Baust's), I\Iount Union (Middleburg), St. Paul's (Union- town), and was formed on October 1, 1870. About the year 1766, Francis Winter, one of the earliest set- tlers in the neighborhood of what is now New AVindsor, this county, received an application from German colonists near Lan- THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 405 caster. Pa., for land for farming purposes, and foi- the erection thereon of a prospective Lutheran church of the Augsburg Con- fession. Family after family arrived and took up land in this vicinity, then part of Frederick County. In 1772 a log church was erected for a house of prayer; but the congregation was not organized until January 1, 1783, under the pastoral care of Rev. Johann Daniel Schroeter, when the Ecclesiastical Discipline of the Church was submitted and adopted by the congregation. On May 31, 1784, the first of- ficers of the church were elected and installed. They were : Elders — Francis Winter and Henry Craul. Deacons — Jacob Haintz and George Spangler. Pastor— Johann Daniel Schroeter. Th- old log church l)ecoming inade- quate for the increase in popula- tion, it was resolved l)y the con- gregation to build a new antl more commodious edifice, which was accomplished in the year 1875. The original records, written in the German script, are well pre- served. The present church has been repaired and remodeled several times, once under the pastoral care of the Rev. G W. Baughman, later under the care of the Rev. W. E. Saltzgiver. Extensive repairs were made by the last named pastor at a cost of $2,500. The congregation is alive to the up-keep and beautif^ying of its own church property. It has a large and very active I^adies ' Aid Society. Plans are being made for the organization of a Lu- theran Brotherhood in the Uniontown charge. Two legacies have been applied by the congregation, one of $400, the other of $300. Of the first, known as the Fannie Engleman legacy, $300 was given to missions and $100 to the Deaconess Home in Baltimore. The other, known as the E. J. Frountfelter legacy, in amount of $300, was given to missions. The duplex envelop system is used by all churches in the pastorate. The present membership is one hundred thirty. The prospects for future growth are relatively good. The present congregation is very much scattered. The list of pastors is as follows : Rev. Johann Daniel Schroe- ter, 1783 ; Rev. John Grobp, Rev. ]\Iicliael Wachter, Rev. Reu- Eev E. Petrea. 406 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. ben Weiser, ReY. Ezra Keller, 1836-18-42; Rev. Solomon Sent- man, 1842-1843; Rev. Philip Willard, 1843-1845; Rev. C. Reim- ensnyder, 1846-1849 ; Rev. John Winter, 1849-1852 ; Rev. Sam- uel Henry. 1853-1859: Rev. Jacob I\rartin, 1859-1863; Rev. H. C. Ilolloway, 1863-1868; Rev. P. A. Stroble. 1868-1869; Rev. John F. Diener. 1870-1872; Rev. C. W. Anderson. 1873-1876; Rev. D. B. Floyd, 1876-1881; Rev. W. E. Delp. 1882-1890; Rev. J. R. Williams, 1890-1893; Rev. G. W. Banghraan, 1893-1914; Rev. W. E. Saltzgiver, 1915-1918; Rev. B. E. Petrea, 1919 . EMMANUEL (BAUST'S) LUTHER AX CHUKCH, CARROLL COUNTY, MD. ( Uniontown C h arge. ) Rev. B. E. Petrea, Pastor. Emmanuel Church is the second oldest in the Uniontown charge. It is popularly known as Baust's Church. The ground on which it stands, including the cemetery, was deeded by Valen- tine Baust and his wife, ]\Iaria Elizabeth, to John Hahn and Peter Shoemaker on the tenth day of Jannaiy, 1794, as a site for a schoolhouse and church. The dates of laying the corner stone and of the dedication are not known. The first building was of logs and stood about one hundred yards northeast of the present building. A new brick building was erected in 1815, with high arched windows, two stories high, with galleries, wine-glass pulpit and sounding board. This was vast improvement on the old log church with its rough boards for benches. The congregation was incorporated in 1S35, and in 1868 the church was repainted and frescoed at a cost of $700. In the year 1907, June 16, under the pastoral care of the Rev. G. W. Baughman, the corner stone was laid for the erection of a new building. The old building had been used ninety-two years. On April 26. 1908, the new building was dedicated. The present building is of brick, is gothic in design, and is a thoroughly mod- ern building. The main auditorium, thirty-four by fifty feet, and the Sunday school room, eighteen by thirty-two feet, which can be thrown into one, will seat 400. The building cost about $10,000. The building is jointly owned by the Lutherans and Reformed. The present membership is one hundred sixty. The congregation is scattered. The prospects for future growth are bright. A good Sunday school and ^lissionary Society are at TPIE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 407 work. At present a iiiee comfortable house is being built, whei*e the original log house stood, for the use of the sexton. There is no list available of the earliest pastors, but it seems probable that they were the following : Rev. John Herbst. 1797 ; Rev. Henry Graeber, 1820 ; Rev. John Grobp, 1825 ; Rev. J. W. Hoffman, 1831; Rev. S. D. Filicide, 1834: Rev. Ezra Keller, 1837. Then follows the same line of pastors that served St. I^ike's down to the f)resent time. MOUNT UNIOX LUTHER AX CHURCH, MIDDLEBURG, MD. ( Uniontown C harge. ) Rev. B. E. Fcfyeo. Pastor. Blount Union Church, situated two miles east of jMiddle])urg, was built in tlic summer of 1857, as a union church to be held jointly by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations. Abram F. Null, John Angel, Sr., John Koons, John Feeser and John W. Angel were the leading persons in the erection of the church. It was dedicated in 1858, and the congregation became a part of the Taney town charge. In 1860 it was taken from the Taney town and united with the Woodsboro charge, and in 1869 was made a part of the Uniontown charge, which was formed during that year, and of which it is still a part. The Lutherans, during the pastorate of Rev. G. W. Anderson, proposed to buy the interest of the Reformed or sell to them, but they could do neither. In 1882 a number of the members pro- posed building a new Lutheran church in Union Bridge, which was afterwards done, resulting in the loss of some of the best members of Mount Union church. For a number of years Lu- theran services were discontinued, with the hope of drawing the entire congregation to Union Bridge. Failing in this, during the pastorate of Rev. W. S. Delp, and through his untiring energy and that of some of the laymen who still held to the old church, it was remodeled and rededicated, and the congregation reor- ganized. The Reformed having in the meantime abandoned it, the Lutherans took new hope, and with united effort develojied a live, progressive congregation. It was incorporated 1903, by the Rev. G. W. Baughman. Under the wise and efficient leadership of Rev. Baughman in 1903 the congregation resolved to build a new church. The cor- 40S rirsTORY of maryijANd synod. ner stone was laid August 20, 1905, and the building dedicated March 25, 1906. The present membership is seventy. The Mis- sionary Society, the Sunday school and the Young Peoples' Christian Endeavor, under the zealous efforts of IMiss Lizzie Birely, are doing good work. Special mention should be made of the Christian Endeavor. It has carried off the Carroll County banners many times. The church property is in excellent re- pair. The following pastors have served the congregation : Rev. L. T. AVilliams. 1858 ; Rev. George II. Beckley, 1859 ; Rev. S. W. Owen, 1866; Rev. J. F. Diener, 1870, and all the succeeding pastors of the Ilniontown charge. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN C^HURCH, UNIONTOWN, MD. (Uniontown Charge.) Bev. B. E. Petrea, Pastor. St. Paul's church, located at Uniontown, a small country vil- lage, is the youngest and smallest congregation in the charge, and still retains its youth and vigor. The congregation was or- ganized October 1, 1870. Only one charter member is still living. The original members came partly from St. Luke's and partly from Emmanuel. The corner stone was laid October 2-1, 1874, and the church was dedicated June, 1875. The congregation was incorporated in 1887. The building is a neat frame structure. Close by the church stands the parsonage of the pastorate, owned jointly by the four churches. The church has twice been renovated and remodeled. The present membership is sixty-five, generally very active. The Sunday school is alive and active. The Missionary Society and the Young People 's Christian Endeavor are at work. Special mention must be made of her three sons in the active ministry. They are the Rev. G. W. Englar, D.D., now at Bethany Church, Pittsburgh, Pa. ; the Rev. Hixon T. Bowersox, at St. James' in York, Pa., and the Rev. Harry F. Baughman, a son of the former pastor. Rev. G. W. Baughman, now at St. Stephen 's, Pittsburgh, Pa. Two other boys in the congregation are thinking of entering the ministry. One young lady has partly completed the course for deaconess work at Baltimore. The pastors are the same as those for St. Luke's of the Uniontown charge. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 409 UTICA CHxVRaE. Bev. Charles A. SJiilke, Pastor. The Utiea charge, formerly known as the ^Nlonoeacj" Valley charge, comprises four congregations: St. John's at Creagers- town, Bethel, St. Paul's at Utica, and St. Paul's at Walkersville. The parsonage is located in Walkersville and for that reason the charge is sometimes referred to as the Walkersville charge. BETHEL LUTHERAX CHURCH, FREDERICK COUNTY, MD. (Utica Charge.) Bev. Charles A. Shilke, Paslor. During the eighteenth century, German settlers filled up and occupied every part of the JNIonocacy Valley. Small centers of population formed at Utica, where a schoolhouse was built about one hundred and sixty years ago, in which the I^utherans, with three or four other denominations, held occasional services. Amid such places as IMountain- dale, near the Fishing Creek Gap, and Yellow Springs, Charlesville and Hansonville, which had each a schoolhouse, was a central point, now called Bethel. A schoolhouse was built there about 1760, which stood near where the church now stands, and on ground now en- closed in the graveyard. Here the Lutheran pastors of Freder- ick, who had members living in this section, preached occasional- ly. John Andrew Krug, pastor of Frederick from 1771 to 1796, gave these people an occasional sermon and buried their dead. David F. Schaeffer, who became pastor of Frederick in 1808, also filled oc- casional appointments in the school house. But the people all this time belonged to Frederick and went there for the holy com- munion. E.EV. Charles A. Shilke. 410 HISTORY OP maryIjAND synod. Rev. Michael Wachter, a Jiative of this section, wlio was li- censed in 1821, and received ordination in 1831, also assisted Rev. Shaffer in his work and preached in the schoolhouse occa- sionally. Still it was a mere supply under the Frederick pastors. After Dr. D. F. Schaeffer's death, Rev. Simeon W. Harkey. his successor at Frederick, also took charge of this schoolhouse ap- pointment. He had the revivalistic temper, and awakening the community, they desired a church and the means of grace in their midst. In the spring of ]838 ground was broken, the wall built, and the A^ ^^ 1 ■ i^r^^ 1 6 ^^^H ' A jjg^^WI ^^^^HI^i^k&^^^H Hi Bethel Lutheran Church, Frederick County, Md. corner stone laid of a union church. The church was dedicated that same year. Dr. Harkey and the Reformed pastor holding the feast of dedication. Dr. Harkey, of Frederick, tall, spiritual and active to the last, resigned in August, 1850, and hence his serv- ices at Bethel also closed at that time. Rev. George William Anderson now accepted the charge, com- posed of Creagerstown, Utica and Bethel. He began his labors on January, 1853, and lived at Creagerstown, being unmarried. He served the charge until the autumn of 1856, when he married, resigned and served the church elsewhere for many years. Rev. William Hunt became pastor in the fall of 1856 and served over four years. His first communion was held October, 1856, THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDI.E CONFERENCE. 411 iiiul his last May 2(), ISiiO. His liiohest number of eommunicants was fifty-seven. Rev. William II. Harrison became pastor on July 1, 18G0. His pastorate continued until 1862, when he resigned to enter upon educational work, for which he was well adapted, as he was a man of more than ordinary ability. His successor was Rev. S. Curtis, whose baptisms date from August 22, 1862. His labors closed August 1. 1866. He was a faithful shepherd and served many years in the ministry. Rev. John Unruh served this charge from August 1, 1866, and continued five years. He baptized fifty children and confirmed Mb. Spencer E. Stup, Bethel Lutheran Church. Mr. Charles T. 8tull, Bethel Lutheran Church. thirty-three persons, some of whom are our substantial members to-day. On November 18, 1866, his first communion, ninety-two members availed themselves of that grace. This was the largest on record to that time. Father Unruh served five years, closing his labors August 1, 1871. His successor was Rev. J. Summers, and his charge consisted of Creagerstown, Utica and Bethel. ]\Iany meml)ers were received and the church was built up. He served for six years, from 1871 to 1877. Twenty -two were confirmed and others were received by letter and baptism. Rev. S. A. Hedges became pastor of the charge November 1, 1877, and he continued in the charge for six years, during which 412 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. time his labors were abundant. Tie received forty-seven into the eliurch. In 1881 a movement was made to rebuild the old church, which had always been a union church. Lutheran and Reformed. But a majority of the Reformed, desiring their own church, withdrew under the direction of Rev. Hench, to Charlesville, where they established a church and cemetery. The Lutherans, under a competent building committee com- posed of the pastor, S. A. Hedges, Abraham ^lichel, Henry Wachter. Philip Wachter and Lewis H. Wachter, leveled the old building and built the present well adapted and comfortable house of worship. It was dedicated on ]\Iay 28, 18S2, Rev. Hedges performing the hoh^ act of consecration. The church cost about $3,000. It has been improved since and will remain a monument of the fidelity and piety of the fathers of the church. Rev. Hedges closed his labors November 1, 1888, and removed from the charge. John ^Milton Snyd(^r l)ecame pastor of the charge on September 1, 1884, and continued in the charge to January 1, 1889. He lived in the parsonage at Lewistown, which had been purchased during the early part of Rev. Hedges' ministry. Bethel now had one hundred members. Rev. Snyder confirmed thirty -four adults and baptized fifty children. His labors were appreciated and his ministry successful. Rev. J. E. Zerger assumed the labors of the pastorate in the spring of 1889. His records are meager, but we learn that he received twenty-two members, baptized ten infants, and held communion six times, the last being April 3, 1892, indicating a three years' service. John U. Asper became pastor of the charge in July, 1892. His first sacramental feast numl^ered only thirty-seven. His last communion on record notes fifty-one members communed. His pastorate was very fruitful, and continued until November 1, 1905, a period of thirteen years and four months. In 1893 Walkersville congregation was received into the charge and it then consisted of four congregations. Rev. Asper re- signed the charge on November 1, 1905. Rev. G. W. Crist, who became pastor July 4, 1906, continued his pastorate until his death, July 8, 1914. He was an efficient pastor and loved by all. On February 14, 1915, Charles A. Shilke, then a student in the Seminary at Gettysburg, was called to be pastor. Immediately after graduation, May 20, 1915, he took charge of the work and is the present pastor. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 413 ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHUKCH, CREAGERSTOWX, :\ID. (Utica Charge.) Bev. Charles A. SJnll'e, Pastor. The Creagerstown church enjoys the distinction of being the oldest in the INIaryland Synod. It is nearly twice as old as the venerable Synod herself, was twice visited by the patriarch Muhlenberg, is mentioned by him in the Halle Reports, and is the mother of the flourishing church at Frederick. St. John's, of Creagerstown. is the direct successor of the old St. John's Lutheran Church, (.•reagerstown, M'd. Monocacy church, which was built early in the fourth decade of the eighteenth century, about 173-4. For an account of this earliest of Lutheran settlements in IMarylancl the reader is re- ferred to Chapter One. The first church building served the pur- poses of the congregation for nearly sixty years. The organizer of this congregation was in all probability the Rev. John Casper Stover, the same who organized Christ Church in York, and a numl)er of churches in Berks and Ijebanon Coun- ties. The first pastor who served the congregation with any de- 414 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. gree of regularity was the Rev. David Candler, wliom Stover or- dained in 1743. Candler resided at Conewago (now Hanover), and ministered to four congregations : York. Conewago, Monoc- acy, and Frederick. After his death in December, 1744, the con- gregation fell for a short time under the influence of Jjars Ny- berg. the Swede, who had secretly espoused the jMoravian faith. When his sinister purposes were discovered the doors of the church were closed against him. Then the congregation became a victim of several impostors, such as Carl Rudolph (1746). and Empiricus Schmidt (1747). But these irregularities ceased with the visit of the patriarch Muhlenberg, in 1747. Muhlenberg preached and prayed and ad- ministered the Lord's Supper. He also wrote in their church book a set of articles of faith and fellowship. These articles Averc signed by the six wardens and twenty-six other members of the congregation residing at Monocacy and Frederick. This was on June 24th. On June 25th IMuhlenberg visited Frederick, where he preached in the new church and administered the communion to such as were hindered by the rain from coming to Monocacy the previous day. He also baptized children and then returned to IMonocacy for the night. jMuhlenberg regarded Frederick as part of the Monocacy charge. Rev. John H. Schaum, of York, paid occasional visits to Monoc- acy church, and Valentine Kraft, an aged pastor opposed to Muhlenberg, who settled in Frederick in 1749, rendered some services for a year or two. After his death Schaum again preached, during 1751 and 1752, and gave counsel. He also counteracted the evil influence of a man named Streiter, who was exceedingly zealous in his efforts to gain influence and serve the congregations. In May, 1752, Frederick and IMonocaey called Rev. Bernard Michel Hausihl, a gifted, educated and regularly ordained pastor. He served from 1752 to 1758. Streiter 's opposition caused him much trouble in Frederick, but at Monocacy and elsewhere his labors were blest and the divisions were healed. In 1758 Hausihl removed to Reading. IMuhlenberg now paid another visit. The Germans desired him to become their pastor, hoping to have exemption from the faxes assessed for English preaching, as IMuhlenberg could preach in both languages. But he could not accept. The charge then suf- fered a vacancy of five years, except occasional supplies. Rev. John C. Hartwick was one of these. In June, 1762, he dedicated the new Lutheran church at Frederick. ]\Ionocacv was THE CHURCHES OP THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 415 dependent upon its school teacher, who also soon failed. The charge even offered to pay the fare of a minister from Germany, but none came until 1763. In 1753 Rev. Samuel Schwerdfeger was licensed by John C. Stoever and Tobias Wagner. He spent some time at York and Conewago. He was opposed to Sehaum at York, and came in 1763 to Frederick, having been examined and ordained by the Ministerium in 1762. He served the charR'p until 1768. Avhen he ■H-< Mr. Roy W. Hankey, Creagerstown, ]\Id. Mr. John M. Ahalt, Creagerstowu, 'Sid. made a trip to Europe. Upon his return in 1770, he came to his old field, but they received him coldly. He then went to Al- bany, N. Y. John Andrew Krug, of Reading, came to the ]\ionocacy charge in April, 1771. He served the Monocacy church during his entire pastorate of twenty-five years. He lived in Frederick, which church now had the lead. During his pastorate the old JMonoc- acy church became unfit for use and a union church was built at Creagerstown in 1791. It was of logs, and was afterwards weatherboarded. It stood about twenty feet northwest of the brick church, a little nearer the street. AVe believe this was the first church in Creagerstown, and the immediate successor of the old Monocacy church, as there is a dead silence of any other church building between this and the IMonocacy of 173-1. A cemetery was provided for the church, and for more than a century have the people buried their dead hard by the church. 416 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. until it lias l)eeonie a large, well-ordered cemetery, occupying several acres. Rev. Krug died May 30, 1796, and was buried beneath the aisle of the Frederick church. Creagerstown lost a faithful, loving and gentle pastor. Rev. Charles F. Wildbahn became pastor December 4, 1796. He came from Reading, where he had served fourteen years. He only remained eighteen months and then went to Virginia. John F. iMoeller followed Wildbahn in the pastorate. He came to America in 1796. and served Frederick and Creagerstown from December 1, 1799, to June 1. 1802. He was only a licentiate of Synod during his pastorate. He went to Chambersburg. Frederick W. Jasinsky came from Shepherdstown. He was a man of brain and brawn. He served Creagerstown, Woodsboro, Loudon, Virginia and Frederick. The latter place soon tired of him and desired his resignation. Woodsboro and Loudon held to him; Creagerstown was neutral. In 1807 Synod advised his resignation for the benefit of all, and to this he agreed on cer- tain conditions, which were complied with. Rev. David F. Schaeffer became pastor on July 17, 1808. His charge consisted of Creagerstown, Woodsboro, Loudon, and Fred- erick. He had been assistant to his father in Pennsylvania, under whom he also studied. In 1810 a new charge was formed of Woodslioro, Creagerstown, etc., of which Rev. Fred Haas became pastor. In that year he reported six churches, 75 baptisms and 29 confirmations. The number of members is not given, but Creagerstown was now in a flourishing condition with nearly a hundred members. Rev. Haas continued pastor of the charge and in 1819 reported 298 members. In 1821 Creagerstown petitioned the IMaryland Synod that Rev. Haas discontinue as pastor, and that Creagerstown be permitted to secure another pastor. This privilege was granted, and Rev. Haas ceased to serve Creagerstown, on November 1, 1821. Creagerstown desired a revival minister and Rev. Haas opposed any excitement in worship. Rev. John Winter took charge about January 1, 1822. He served six years and added large numbers to the church. In less than six years one hundred and twenty-seven members were added. On November 1, 1827, a subscription was taken for Rev. JMichael Wachter, and January 1, 1829, it was paid to him, showing that he served them during 1828. It amounted to $35. Rev. Wachter appears to have served some eight or ten years. He lived in Frederick and w^as very successful. IMay 9, 1830, eighty-seven THE CHURCHES OP THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 417 eoiumuned. the highest number during Rev. AVachter's first pas- torate. His ministerial services are not recorded after 1835. But we feel certain that he served until 1838, when Rev. J. J. Reimen- snyder, of Pennsylvania, took charge and preached several j^ears. In 1842 he received seven members. But he has left few records indeed. Perhaps someone else rendered supply from Woodsboro or Emmitsburg, or Apple's Church. In 1844 Rev. Wachter came back again as pastor. He was a member of the Wachter family, so numerous in the county. He served Creagerstown twice, and altogether al)out iifteen years. He was pastor during the building of the old brick church, which was dedicated on the exact centennial of the old Monocacy church. He added many to the church. He died in AVoodsboro in 1850, after a ministry of thirty years. Rev. George W. Anderson's letter of acceptance is dated De- cember 19, 1852. He refers to the Creagerstown charge as hav- ing trouble and speaks of healing the difficulties. His labors began January. 1853. He was unmarried and lived in Creagers- town. Plis labors continued for three and a half years. He was a man of courage and piety and spent many years in the ministry. He married about the time he left this charge. His successor was Rev. AVilliam Hunt, who took charge in 1856 and served four years. He lived in Creagerstown, where a parsonage was now erected. Rev. W. H. Harrison served the charge composed of Creagers- town, Utica and Bethel, from 1860 to 1862. He was a man of more than ordinary ability and learning. His successor was Rev. S. Curtis. His record of baptisms date from August 22, 1862, to August, 1866. He was faithful in the ministries of his office, a true shepherd. John X. Unruh l)egan his ministry on August 1, 1866. In five years, the time of his pastorate, he baptized one hundred and four children. The communicants at his first communion numbered one hundred and sixty-one. He made large additions to the membership. He held forty-three funerals in the congregation, and conducted several extensive revivals of religion. Still the un- rest of the congregation caused him to remove from the field. His successor was Rev. J. Summers. The charge consisted of Creagerstown, Utica and Bethel, and numbered more than four hundred members. Rev. Summers remained six years and bap- tized one hundred and eleven children at Creagerstown. He was a large, strong, robust man of powerful endurance. He served this field from July 15, 1871. to July. 1877, a period of six years. His ministry was a success. 27 418 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Rev. S. A Hedges followed him in the pastorate. He lived at Levvistown. where a parsonage was purchased. His labors began November 1, 1877, and he continued in the charge for six years. His labors were abundant and his ministry successful. At his second communion, ^lay 12, 1878, eighty-one communed and a year later ninety-eight. Rev. John INlilton Snyder became pastor after a vacancy of ten months, serving from September 1, 188-1, to January 1, 1889. Rev. J. E. Zerger succeeded to the pastorate of the same churches in the spring of 1889. He remained three years. After a short vacancy Rev. John U. Asper became the efficient pastor. He had about two hundred members enrolled, but left no records of his abundant ministry behind him. His service was the longest of any in the brick union church. It continued from July, 1892, to November, 1905. He was loved and honored. But difficulties arose regarding the parsonage, and regarding the building of a new church at Creagerstown, which caused him to resign and remove to Pennsylvania. During his ministry the AValkersville congregation w^as added to his charge, which he served with increasing appreciation, and the Utica congregation withdrew from the charge. On July 4, 1906. Rev. George W. Crist took charge of the Creagerstown church and continued until his death in 1914. It was during his pastorate, in 1908, that the present handsome church was erected. With the coming of Rev. Charles A. Shilke, a graduate of the Lutheran Seminary at Gettysburg, who took charge of the work immediately after graduation, the congregation seemed to take on new life. All financial obligations, including a debt of ^f;900 on the new church, were cancelled. In May and June, 1919, was celebrated the 185th anniversary of the building of the old INIonocacy church, and also the tenth anniversary of the building of the present church. As a feature of this celebration, the interior of the church was beautifully fres- coed at a cost of $670. ST. PAULAS LUTHERAN CHURCPT, UTICA, FREDERICK COUNTY, MD. (Utica Charge.) Bev. Charles A. Shilke, Pastor. This congregation was originally an off-shoot of the old jMonoc- acy church now at Creagerstown. As the people lived several miles from the Monocacy church thev began to hold services in THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 419 an old sc'hoolhouse. In 1838 a union congregation of Lutherans and Reformed was organized. A church building was begun that same year and was completed and dedicated in 1839. This stood just half a century. The pastors of the Creagerstown church served the congrega- tion at Utica. In 1877, at the close of the pastorate of the Rev. John Summers, the charge consisted of jMechanicstown (now Thurmont). Rocky Ridge, Creagerstown. Utica and Bethel. That year the ^laryland Synod adopted the recommendation that the St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Utica, Frederick County, Md. charge be divided. Bethel, Creagerstown and Utica were joined together in the "Utica Charge" with the parsonage at Lewis- to\^. After that the pastors of St. Paul 's at Utica were the same as those already recorded for Bethel and St. John's at Creagers- town. During the pastorate of Rev. John U. Asper the Walkersville congregation was added to the charge. Shortly after that Mrs. Mary E. Dodrear. by her will, presented her property in Walkers- ville to the Walkersville congregation to be used as a parsonage. The bequest was accepted and the pastor removed to Walkers- ville. Thereupon in 1905 the Utica congregation declared itself independent and secured the pastoral services of Rev. S. A. Hedges. Rev. Hedges had been pastor of the entire charge from 420 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. 1877 to 1883, and it was during his ministry that the parsonage at Lewistown liad been purchased. He served them very accept- ably until 1916. Meanwhile the Creagerstown. Bethel and Walkersville con- oTeo'ations were united under the nam(^ of the "^Nlonocaey Valley Mr. E. J. Utterback, Utica, Md. 'Mr. Walter S. Wiles, Utica, Md. Charge." In 1917. under the ministry of the present pastor, Utica was reunited with the other three congregations and the charge is now known as the Utica charge. The present commodious church building was erected in 1889, and dedicated in iMarch. 1890, during the ministry of the Rev. J. E. Zerger. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, WALKERSVILLE, MD. (Utica Charge.) Bev. Charles A. ShlJkc, I'dsfor. The Lutheran church at Walkersville is of recent date, and hence it has no savor of hoary age, but is full of strength and beauty. The Lutheran people of the community were compelled to go to Woodsboro or Utica to enjoy the ministries of a Lutheran church. THE CHURCHES OF THE MmDLE CONFERENCE. 421 In 1S90, at the meeting of Synod, Rev. S. A. Diehl and Rev. J. E. Zerger were appointed to look after the Lutheran interests at Walkersville. This indicated that there was a concentration of Lutherans in this growing town. In February, 1891, this com- mittee appointed Adam Diehl, Sr., and Augustus Clemm to so- licit subscriptions for a new church in Walkersville. In a short time more than $2,000 was secured in su])scriptions. and thirty- one names of persons for an organization. The congregation was St. Paul 's Lutheran Church, "\Valkersv}lle, Mu. organized on July B. 1891. and the following officers were elected, and afterwards duly installed: Adam Diehl. Sr., and John W. Crum, elders ; T. S. Albaugh and A. S. Neff, deacons. Rev. S. A. Diehl. of Woodsboro, was elected pastor. A brick church, cost- ing $3,500. was built on Pennsylvania Street. The corner stone was laid in the late spring of 1891, and the church was dedicated on Sunday, July 17, 1892. Rev. Charles S. Albert, D.D., preached the sermon, and Rev. R. S. Patterson, who had recently accepted the pastorate of the Woodsboro charge, performed the service of dedication. New officers were also elected as follows : Elders. — Lewis H. Wachter and Augustus Clemm. Deacons — ■ Charles S. Wachter and Edward Zimmerman. Rev. Patterson continued as pastor of the church until July 1, 1893, when his services closed, since the Woodsboro charge re- 422 HISTORY OF MARYT.AND SYNOD. lused to accept the AValkersville church as part of the charge. The church was pastorless four mouths but services were held by Revs. Asper, Ritter, Hedges, Haskarl. Kuhhnan. and Bare. On November 1, 1893, Rev. John U. Asper became pastor of the congregation in connection with the Utica charge, which he was serving. He hekl services every two weeks, living near Lewistown at the parsonage of the charge. On August 1, 1903, the congregation came into possession of a Mr. T. S. Albaugh, Walkersville, Md. Mr. "VVAI.TER W. Culler, Walkersville, Md. valuable parsonage, containing eight rooms and other valuable appurtenances, situated near the five points in Walkersville. This valuable property was the gift of Mrs. Mary A. Dodrear by be- ciuest. Rev. Asper 's long ministry and Christian spirit have left behind nothing but the most kindly memories. Long will he be remembered as the beloved pastor of Walkersville. Rev. George W. Crist was the next pastor. He visited the charge on June 3, 1906, being Whitsunday, and on July 4, his pastoral labors began in this charge. W^hen Rev. Crist was called to his heavenly reward in 1914 he was taken from a people by whom he was loved. Kind memories indeed has he left behind. During the interval between the death of Rev George W. Crist and the calling of the present pastor, Rev. R. S. Patterson, then pastor of the Woodsboro charge, preached for this congre- gation. During this time the interior of the church was l)eauti- THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 423 fully frescoed, and new pulpit furniture installed. This makes it an attractive, tasteful and worshipful church. Thanks to the zeal and consecration of the present pastor and the devotion of his people, the congregation has grown in num- bers and every department of the church is flourishing. GRACE LUTHERAN CHURCH, WESTMINSTER, MD. Rev. Mllliam H. Hetrick, Pastor. Lutheran preaching in this section of the state began as early as 1747, over a quarter of a century before the nation was born. The first organized Lutheran congregation in Westminster was established in 1842, when, by action of Synod, the little congre- gation of forty Lutherans who worshipped at intervals in the "Old Union iMeeting House." used alternately by the different Protestant denominations of the town, was made an integral part of a newly constituted pastoral district known as the Westminster charge. Kev. Philip Willard, then serving the INIanchester district, was made pastor and served until 1845. The pastors who held services in the "Old Union Church"' while serving the Westminster charge, were Rev. Cornelius Reimensny- der, 1846-1849. and Rev. John Winter, 1849-1853. It was during the pastorate of the Rev Mr. Win- ter that preaching was discontinued in Westminster and it was not resumed again until a permanent Lutheran church was built in 1868. Other pastors of the charge in the interim were Rev. Samuel Henry, 1853-1859, and Rev. Jacob Martin, 1859-1863. To Rev. H. C. HoUoway, D.D.. still living at this writing, is due the credit of having firmly established a Lutheran church in this city. Rev. HoUoway was called to the pastorate from the Seminary at Gettysburg, assuming charge July 16, 1863. At once the young graduate became possessed with the "set pur- pose" of building a church in the town and assiduously applied Eev. William H. Hetrick. 424 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. himself to the task. In the faec of many tliffieiilties and consid- erable misgivings on the part of the Lutlicran residents, he suc- ceeded in his purpose. Without an organized congregation to authorize the enterprise, a church was built at a cost of $15,000. Only twenty-two members constituted the congregation when it was subsequently organized. Dr. TTolloway has erected a lasting monument to his name which shall not be forgotten as long as Grace church is in existence. The corner stone was laid Au- gust 5, 1866. and the edifice dedicated February 23, 1868. Ill l"ss than three months from the completion of the new church the congregation was left without a pastor, Rev Hol- lo way having resigned ^lay 5, 1868". Rev. P. A. Stroble, 1868- 1869, succeeded Rev. Holloway and served the charge only one year. This was a short pastor- ate, yet the records show an in- crease in membership from twenty-two to one hundred twenty. Some of the most ac- tive and prominent laymen of the church in after years were among these accessions. Under Rev. John A. Earnest, 1869-1878, a period of more effective organization and internal development began. Organizations such as the Ladies' Aid So- ciety, a Teachers' IMeeting and a Children's ^Missionary Society in the Sunday school, were begun and firmly established. The children of the Sunday school were taught the importance of weekly systematic support of missions. Rev. Earnest not only provided a very effective plan for reducing the church debt, but taught the congregation the highly important dut^^ of giving to- ward benevolence at this opportune time. Pie resigned in the spring of 1878. During the pastorate of Rev. H. AV. Kuhns, 1878-1887, the church passed through its period of greatest trial and suffering. It also had its glorious time of triumph. While the pastor was busily engaged in introducing the various festivals of the church year and bringing his people also to observe the annual eommem- Grace Luthepax Church, Westminster, Md. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 425 oration of the Reformation, he suddenly found himself without a church and parsonage. On that night of April 9, 1883, a fire broke out in the town, burning everything in its path until it reached the church properties and left these in ruins also. The loss to the congregation was $22,000 with only .$5,000 insurance. Immediately steps were taken to rebuild both cliurch and par- sonage and by August of that year the corner stone of the present church was laid, and on Octolier 2(). 1884, the building was con- Mr. Thomas F. Babylon, Westminster, Mil. Mr. Jacob H. Handley, Westminster, Md. secrated. The cost of the new church was $17,000. all of which was provided for on the day of dedication. It was during the latter part of Dr. Kuhns' pastorate that the Westminster charge was divided. Thus Grace church became an independent congregation, the other two churches henceforth to be known as the Salem charge. Dr. Kuhns resigned October 16, 1887. Rev. P. H. Miller, of Lovettsville, Virginia, became pastor of the church on November 18, 1887. Dr. ]\Iiller labored hard and faithfully through a long pastorate of twenty-three years, in which period the church received its present strength and sta- bility. The membership increased from one hundred forty to three hundred fifty communicants The single envelope system in church finances was introduced and the present pipe organ pur- chased and dedicated June 5, 1892. In 1892 Dr. ^liller published in commemoration of the church's 42fi HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Silver Jubilee, an admirable history of Grace elmreh, in one vol- ume, with an appendix of brief sketches of the Taitheran congre- gations in Carroll County, a work of inestimable value for his- toric purposes to the Lutherans of this section of the state. Dr. Miller resigned to accept a call to Lilly, Pa., February 1, 1911. Rev. William H. Hetrick. of Immanuel Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, was elected to succeed Dr. ^Miller and took charge of the church ]Ma3^ 21, 1911. Rev. Hetrick introduced the bi- pocket envelope system for church finances, which has proved very satisfactory. An Every JNIember canvass has been held an- nually for the past seven years. Last year over $1,600 was raised for lienevolence alone. The syn- odical minutes show a steady in- crease of excess on the apportion- ment each succeeding year. A dis- tinctive missionary sjnrit has de- veloped. The church subscribed $700 for the Diamond Jubilee Fund for India, and at present is gathering a fund for the hospital in Rentachintala. Dr. Alfred Pfitsch, the medical missionary in charge of the hospital, received his inspiration for the foreign field while worshipping in Grace church when a student at Western ^Maryland College. Rev. Luther M. Kuhns, Litt.D., of Omaha, Nebraska, entered the ministry from this congregation. The present roll of membership shows a numl)er of names of persons who are descendants of the Lutherans of the first congregation of 1842, such as the Wag- oners, the Reeses, and the Schaelfers. ]\Irs. Mary L. Cunning- ham, one of the charter members of Grace church in 1866, is still a faithful attendant every Sunday at both Sunday school and church. Several teachers of the Sunday school in Dr. Earnest's time are still with us, — j\Irs. Nelson Gilbert, IMrs. George Sulli- van, Mrs. Amanda Shunk and Mr. Jacob Elgin. The church has had some of the most prominent men of the community in her membership, the Honorable John E. Smith, associate .judge of circuit court; ]\Ir. Joseph ^l. Park, ^Ir. Edwin J. Lawyer, Mr. B. F. Grouse, and ]Mr. W. L. AV. Seabrook. The former Chil- dren's Department Secretary of the W. II. & F. M. S. of the Mr. John J. Eeese, Westminster, Md. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 427 General Synod, now the Junior Department Secretary of the Woman's jMissionary Society of the United Tnitheran Church, ]\[rs. John D. Belt, is an active member of the church. The three laymen, whose photographs accompany this sketch, have served on the church council for a period of twenty-tive years or more : Mr. Jacob H. Handley, Mr. Thomas F. Babylon, and Mr. John J. Reese. MESSIAH LUTHERAN CHURCH, BERRETT, MD. (Woodbine Charge.) Frv. :\I. E. McLinu, Pastor. The Woodbine charge, Carroll County, ^laryland, is composed of two congregatons, viz: ^lessiah, near Berrett, and Calvary, located at Woodbine. The charge was at one time called the Freedom charge. The congregation worshipping at ]\Iessiah church was organized Jime 11, 1882. under the pastor^d oversight of Rev. C. Lepley, who then resided at Reisterstown. Hearing of a little colony of Lutherans who had settled near Freedom, he visited the com- munity and preached for these children of Luther. Loyal to the faith of the great Reformer, in \\ hich they had been reared, they rejoiced in the privilege of hearing the Gospel, as in former years, from a Lutheran minister, and invited Rev. Lepley to continue his ministrations, which he did. The services were held at the ^Methodist Protestant church at Berrett, until the privilege was withdrawn, when a schoolhouse nearby was secured for the pur- pose. The charter members were as follows : Jonas Ebbert, D. M. Shoemaker. Charles F. Beck, William L. Nott, William Will, Mahlon Bower. George W. Hess. ]\lrs. Wolbert, Susanna Ebbert, Laura E. Hess, ]\Iary S. Shoemaker, ]Mary M. Beck, Esther Baker and Mrs. F. A. E. Will. The most of these people, if not all, came from the neighborhood of Taneytown. The corner stone was laid September 5, 1883. on a lot donated for the purpose by ]Mr. D. ]\I. Shoemaker, but the church was not dedicated until the spring of 1885. In October of the same year, by the action of the IMaryland Synod, the congregation was made a part of the Union Bridge charge, when Rev. C. li. T. Fisher, the pastor of this charge, succeeded Rev. C. Lepley at ^Messiah church. In 1886 Rev. M. E. jMcLinn succeeded Rev. Fisher, and served the congregation for four years and four months, when Sj'uod divided the charge, to which two new congregations had 428 HISTORY OF MARYIjAXD SYNOD. been added by Rev. ^leLiiiii ; one at \V()odl)ine and one at Tay- lorsYille. which made it too hirtic to be served l)y one man. Rev. J. C. McGaughey then supplied the charge, consisting now of the Messiah and the two new congregations just named until the spring of 1891. Rev. H. A. Letterman took charge as pastor July, 1891. and served until July, 1894. The parsonage owned hy the ^lessiali church is located at Ber- rett. The list of pastors of this congregation from the beginning is as follows: Rev. C. Lepley. 188^8; Rev. C. L. T. Fisher, 1885; Rev. M. E. MeLinn, 1886; Rev. J. C. McGaughey, 1891; Rev. H. A. Letterman, 1892 ; Rev. J. L. Nicholas, 1897 ; Rev. P. J. Shriver, 1901; Rev. George Trostle, 1907: Rev. D. R. Becker, 1912; Rev. G. W. Baughman. 1915; Rev. M. E. I\IcLinn, 1919. CALVARY LUTHETJAX CHURCH, WOODBIXE, MD. ( Woodbine C iiarge. ) Ecv. 31. E. McLi)u), Pastor. Calvary church grew out of services held in a lumber building nearby, by Rev. i\L E. ]McLinn, then pastor at Union Bridge, be- ginning in February. 1889. The corner stone was laid, December 29, 1889 ; a congregation of seventeen members was organized January 14, 1890, and the church was dedicated October 26, 1890. By action of the JMaryland Synod, the same month, the new con- gregation, St. Paul's at Taylorsville, which had just been organ- ized, and Messiah congregation, were formed into a pastorate. Rev. J. C. ]\reGaughey was at once called as a supply, and served the charge until ]\Iarch, 1891. Tn July, 1891. Rev. H. A. Letter- man assumed charge, and continued as pastor until July, 1894. The pastors for Calvary church were the same as the above list of pastors of Messiah church from 1890 to the present. SOLOMON'S LUTHERAX CHURCH, WOODSBORO, MD. (WooDSBORO Charge.) Rev. R. S. Patterson, D.D., Pastor. Solomon's Evangelical Lutheran Church, of AVoodsboro. was organized February 10, 1805. Rev. W. Jasinsky was the first pastor. The church and grounds, as was the custom of that day in many places, were jointly owned by the Lutheran and Re- formed congregations. The original cluirch was a stone struc- THE CHURCHES OF THE MmOLE CONFERENCE. 429 tnre thirty-five by forty-five feet, and was l)uilt in the year 1805. To this edifice there was built a splendid stone tower and spire, the base of which served as a vestibule. It was not entirely com- pleted until 1822. The following are the names of the pastors that have served the church from its founding up to the present time, with the dates of their installation : Wil- liam Jasinsky, 1805; D. F. Schaeffer, 1808 ; Frederick Haas. 1816 ; Michael Wachter, 1823 ; S. W. Harkey. 1835; R. Weiser. 1836-37 ; John J. Reimensnyder, 1841; Michael Wachter, 1847; William Hunt, 1850; George H. Beckley, 1857 ; S. W. Owen, 18(36 ; ]\richael N. Fair, 1870 ; B. F. Alle- man, 1873; A. W. Lentz. 1874; D. I\r. Lamotte, 1876; S. A. Diehl. 1885 ; Richard S. Patterson, 1892 : W. E. Wheeler, 1900 ; R. S. Pof- fenberger, 1905; R. S. Patterson. 1917 (returned). In 1839-40 the church, which was still owned by l)oth Lutheran and Reformed congregations, was repaired at a cost of $1,200. At this time Rev. R. Weiser was pastor of the Lutheran congregation. Dr. James W. Eichelberger was the member of the repair committee from the Lutheran con- gregation. It was at this time that the ancient funnel-shaped pulpit, attached high up upon the wall, gave place to another of more modern style and character. About the year 1859 the stee- ple of the church lost its equilibrium and leaned over to one side. To add to the trouble it was struck by lightning, and henceforth became quite a dangerous looking concern. Strange to say, about the time the tower became unsettled on its foundations, the two congregations that had worshipped peaceably together for more than a half century became unsettled also. There was a sharp contention between the two councils about the regularity of the election and organization of the Reformed council and hence their right to participate in the joint council meetings. The feeling waxed warm and spread through the congregations so that it soon became apparent that two churches were needed for the contending parties, one for the Lutheran and one for the Re- formed. RRV. R. S. rATTKKSdX, D.D. 430 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. In the year I860, with Rev. George Beckley as pastor, the building of a new church was begun. The site selected was that now occupied by the church building on INIain, or Frederick Street. The structure was a plain massive building, forty by sixty feet, with Sunday school and lecture room in the l^asement. In 1865 Rev. G. H. Beckley preached his farewell sermon, and the church was again without the services of a pastor. It was not long to remain so, for on the twelfth day of March. 1S66, the council met and extended a call to the Rev. S. W. Owen, after- wards pastor of St. John's church, Hagerstown, Maryland. He was called ' ' upon a salary of $650 and a free house. ' ' One of the first acts under the administration of Dr. Owen was to buy the splendid and convenient church property now used as the parsonage. As an evidence of the charge's appreciation of the services of Rev. Owen, they annually increased his salary, so that if he had remained for another year he would have received one thousand dollars for his services. The most important act of the congregation during his pas- torate was the purchasing of a burying-ground for the church. The records show that at a congregational meeting in the month of May, 1867, Adam Diehl, George D. ]\Iertz and Michael Shank were appointed a committee to select and purchase a suitable lot of ground to be used as a cemetery by the church. Accordingly on September 27, 1867, they bought of George Flickinger four acres of land lying on the southwest corner of his farm, along the Woodsboro and Frederick turnpike south of the town. They agreed to pay one thousand dollars for the piece of ground. This cemetery has since figured prominently in the history and workings of the church. The money was not paid down for it when bought ; Dr. Owen soon left the field ; meanwhile the debt, Mdth interest and cost of improvements kept on increasing. It soon became a heavy burden to the church and was not finally settled until IMarch 1, 1887, when the total amount paid for it was $2,266.05. Rev. D. M. Lamotte was called to the charge in July, 1876, the historic centennial year. No man has ever served the church with greater acceptance. Unfortunately he died on January 17, 1885. from the shock of having a limb amputated. lie was buried in the Mount Hope Cemetery, right near the main entrance, where his admiring church members and friends have erected a beautiful marble monument to his sacred memory. He was a much beloved pastor and his portrait may be seen upon the walls of the homes of nearly all his former parishioners. Rev. S. A. Diehl was called to become his successor. Rev. THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 431 Dielil was a great financier and builder. He paid off the old cemetery debt and built a new church in the charge. He served until 1892, when he resigned to accept a new field of labor. There was a vacancy of a few months following Rev. Diehl's departure, during which time the pulpit was supplied by mem- bers of the senior class of the Theological Seminary at Gettys- burg. Among those who came to fill the appointment for one Sabbath was the present pastor, Rev. Richard S. Patterson, a na- tive of North Carolina. The people took kindly to him from that first service and extended him a call on February 8, 1892, to be- come their pastor, on the completion of his theological course in June. He accepted taking charge on June 12, 1892, During this pastorate many forward movements were inaugurated. The next pastor, Rev. AV. E. AVheeler, served the charge very acceptably from 1900 to 1905. During the pastorate of his suc- cessor. Rev. R. S. Poffenberger, the present handsome church was erected. The estimated cost of this new edifice is $25,000. During the past two years the Rev. Dr. Patterson has been serving the charge for a second time. During this time the church debt has been reduced from $10,000 to $1,500, and the parsonage has been completely transformed at a cost of $1,000. Some of the honorable family names in connection with this congregation are: Diehls, Shanks, Dorcus, Smiths, Hulls, Hol- brenners, LeGores, Cushalls, Devilbiss, Sharretts, and others. The present council is composed of the following: Elders — Mil- dred Phillips, D. A. Sharretts (deceased), Lycurgus Flanigan, William Cutshall. Deacons — W. C. LeGore, Morris Saylor, John M. Smith, and Roy Moore. MOUKT ZIOX (HAUGH'S) LTJTHEKAN CHURCH, WOODSBORO, MD. (WooDSBORO Charge.) Bev. R. S. Patterson, D.D., Pastor. Mount Zion is six years older in its organization than Woods- boro. It was established in the year 1799. Like Woodsboro, it, too, at first was a union church — Lutheran and Reformed. The old church was a typical one of the times. It had a high pulpit and gallery on three sides. The present pastor of the Woodsboro charge preached in it on one occasion more than twenty-five j^ears ago. Like Woodsboro, Mount Zion also felt that a half century of 432 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. time was long enough for them to learn to go it alone. So they secured ground and built a stone ehurch across the road from the old site. This church stood for many years and was used for wor- ship by the congregation until the year 1904 and 1905. Then the present beautiful brick church was erected. The promoters of the new^ building were : E. 0. Cash, Edwin Sharetts, Frederick Mehring, John Biehl and others. The plans were adopted and the building was nearing completion when the vacancy of the pastorate was filled in 1905, by the calling of Rev. Poflf'enberger. Some of the honored family names connected with the church are: Sharretts, Biehl, Birely, Cash, Krons, Warner, Mehring, Cover, Garver, Eyler, and others who are worthy also of mention. The present council is composed of the following : Elders — Bealt, Devilbis.s, E. 0. Cash, AVilliam Mehring. Deacons — Milton Mil- ler, Harry Leatherman, Emery Warner and Lewis W a r n e r. Charles Garver is the superintendent of the Sunday school. The congregation has enrolled among its members some of the most liberal and loyal supporters of the Tressler's Orphan Home at Loysville, Pa. Children's Day is a sort of rally day for this worthy institution and the Blount Zion Sunday school ranks high in the synod wuth its offerings for the Home on that day. This year the amount was if>175. The (mtlook for prosperity and growth in this old country congregation is reassuring. Mr. E. II. Sharetts, Keymar, Md. GRACE LUTHER AX C^HURCH (ROCKY HILL), WOODSBORO, Ml). (WooDSBORO Charge.) Rev. F. S. Patterson, D.D., Pastor. Grace church is by far the oldest congregation of the four constituting this pastorate. It was organized in 1767. a decade before the Declaration of Independence was signed. Plow long before that the fathers gathered and worshipped God UTider the THE CHURCHES OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. 433 guarled and gigantic oak trees that crown the hill, no one living know.s ; bnt it must have been for some time. In the grant given by the English Government, the grounds were to be used for a place of worship by the Ijutherans and Pres- byterians. There are no Presbyterians in this vicinity. The Re- formed may have been meant, for later their name and the names of their pastors are used in the church records instead of the name of the Presbyterians. The church burying-ground. etc., were jointly used by them until the pastorate of Rev. S. A. Diehl, who took charge in 1885 and under whose leadership a wise and amicable separation took place and the present church was built — the Reformed people returning to the old church. This they moved to Centerville about the year 1887. leaving the Lutherans in full possession of the old site, which is one of the most suitable and attractive anywhere. The Roclcy Hill congregation is one given largely to sentiment and love for the old church home. INIany of them live much nearer the other churches of the parish but retain membership here. This old church is in sight of the Woodsboro church. Nevertheless some of the members of this church find no other just like it. and they cling to it with an affectionate zeal. The honored names found on the records of this congregation are : Beard, Fogle, Keeney, Smith, Eyler, Feezer, Hildebrand, Locks, and others who made a good record for the church in their day. The present church council is composed of the following: Elders — Benjamin Eyler, Jacob Feezer, J. P. Cramer, and Thomas Arnold. Deacons — Franklin Grimes, John Toms, Sam- uel Fogle. and John Welty. One of the features of this congregation is a family reunion and all-day picnic on the grounds about the church once a year. The "Rocky Hill" picnic has become an institution and is always attended by large crowds. The day for this event is always the first Saturday in August. The scattered clans and distant friends of old ' ' Rocky Hill ' ' are sure to be on hand on picnic day. UXIOX CHAPEL, LIBERTYTOWX, MD. (WooDSBORO Charge.) Eev. R. S. Pnfterson, D.D., Pastor. This is the fourth member of the congregational family con- stituting the Woodsboro charge. It is what its name suggests — a chapel and a union congregation. It is located about two miles 28 434 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. east of Lil)ei'tytown, Md.. and five miles southeast of Woodsboro. Before the present eliapel was built, the Lutherans and Keformed met and held services under a large chestnut tree which stood on the present burying-ground. The tree has long since been re- moved. This chapel was built to accommodate a certain number of good people who lived in this vicinity and regarded it too far to attend Lutheran or Reformed services, either in Woodsboro or Frederick. Hence it was called a chapel. So it has remained and so it will be. It is still used by both bodies and is among the very few union congregations in the county, where fifty years ago there were so many. The prominent family names are : Albaugh, Beard, Reddick, Valentine, Filler, Burrier, and others. The Valentines are mem- bers of the family that gave to the General Synod liutheran Church the late Dr. INIilton Valentine, of Gettysburg, who was a distinguished leader and theologian in the church for many years. A nephew of his, ^l. 0. Valentine, is at present the superintend- ent of the Sunday school. The congregation is small, less than one hundred communicants, but very loyal to the church of the fathers. OTHER MEMBERS OF THE MIDDLE CONFERENCE. Rev. W. H. Settlemeyer. Rev. Lt'THER Kuhlmax. D.D. Rev. W. M. Spangler. Rev. J. P. Wade. CHAPTER XVT. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. TRINITY LUTHERAX CHURCH, ROONSBORO, MD. (BooNSBORO Charge.) liev. Frederick L. Will, Pastor. I. Ringer's Church. This church. Avhich was exclusively Lu- theran and in which the services were ;ill German, was located on "Ringgold's Manor." near "Fountain Rock," six miles from Hagerstown and three miles from Boonsboro. The place is now called "Monroe." The congregation was organized as a ]n"each.ing point as early as 1750. Its first building was of logs. In 1774, when Rev. John George Young, of St. John's Church in Hagerstown. su])plied the congregation with ])reaching. the lower part of the building was occupied as a schoolhouse and dwelling for the teacher. The upper part was used for w^orship. The congregation in 1775 con- sisted of twenty families. For many years there were no stoves in the room occupied for worship by the congregation. When the children of these sturdy old Ger- mans in later days grew up and their parents had passed away, they introduced stoves, which at first created a sensation. ]\Iany thought Satan had gotten into the church by the introduction of heat. The known pastors were Rev. Jacob Goering, who came in 1792, and Rev. John George Schmucker, who came in 1798. The former was the pastor of the Lutheran Church of IMiddletown, Frederick County, and the latter was pastor of St. John's Church, Plagerstown, Washington County. IL The Church iu Boonshoro. The Lutheran Cluu'ch in Boons- boro is the offspring of Ringer's Church. The town of Boonsboro 437 Rev. Frederick L. Wu.l. 438 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. was laid out in 1778. There was no pi'ea('liin<>' in the town in LSOO. The Lutherans worshi])e(l at Kiiiger's. In LS()2 the Lu- therans joined with the Reformed congregation, A\hieh had a churcli at Schwang's, half a mile away, and formed a Union ehureh in Boonshoro, and named the organization, "The Salem Lutheran and Reformed Church." This was during the ministry of Rev. J. George Sehmucker, whose pastorate included the con- gregations of ILigerstown and JMiddletown. The Lutheran and Reformed congregations at first held their services in the school house of the town. The money for a church liuilding was raised in part by a lottery. The churcli was built in 1810 and called "Salem Church." It was the first church built in Boonsboro. Tt was built during the ministry of Rev. J. Gr. Graeber of the Lu- theran, and Rev. Jonathan Rauhauser of the Reformed Church. Rev. Graeber was also pastor of the Lutheran Church at INFiddle- towu where he lived. The site upon which "Salem Church" was built is the location of the present Reformed building on Church Street. The ground was a gift from the Boon family, descendants of William Boon, the founder of the town. It was built of stone. The total cost was $3,200. From 1802 to 1832 Salem Church of Boonsboro was attached to the INIiddletown pastorate. The pastors in that time were Revs. J. G. Graeber, J. Kaehler. Jacob Schnee, Abram Reck and Peter Riser. From 1829 to 1830 Rev. Henry Lewis Baugher served the Salem Lutheran Church. In 1832 he became professor in Penn- sylvania College, Gettysburg, and afterwards president of the college. In 1835 a new pastorate w^as formed by the union of Ringer's, Bakersville and Boonsboro Lutheran congregations, called the "Boonsboro Charge." The first pastor of the charge w^as Rev. Solomon Oswald. He became pastor in 1835 and resigned in 1840. In 1840 the Rev. George Diehl became the second pastor of the Boonsboro charge. During Rev. Diehl 's pastorate a Lutheran congregation was organized by him at Locust Grove, five miles south of Boonsboro. Rev. Mr. Diehl resigned the charge Septem- ber 1, 1843, to accept a call to Easton, Pa. In 1843 Rev. "William Hunt was called to the Boonsboro pas- torate. He was a noted revivalist. During his pastorate in 1844 he built a church at Locust Grove. The charge was now com- posed of Boonsboro, Bakersville, Sharpsburg and Locust Grove. Ringer's congregation was absorbed by Boonsboro and preaching at Ringer's was discontinued. Through some disagreement with THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 439 the l^ooiisboro congrcg-ation Rev. .Mi'. Hunt ivsigued tlic Hoons- boro congregation in IS 18 and removed from Boonsboro to Loeust Grove and continued to preach to the remaijider of the congrega- tions in the charge. On Afarch 1. 1848. Rev. C. C. Culler received a call to Boons- boro and attached Funkstown and Beaver Crpek to J^oonsboro, thus forming a charge consisting of Boonsboro, Funkstown and Beaver Creek, and called the Boonsboro charge. While ^Ir. Hunt was holding revival meetings in Sharpsburg in January, 1849, Rev. jMr. Culler was holding the same at Boonsl)oro. in 1851 Rev. Mr. Culler resigned and Rev. John J\I. llnruh became the pastor of the Boonsboro charge. In 1859 another charge was formed out of Boonsboro, Sharps- burg and Locust Grove. Funkstown and Beaver Creek joined Bakersville to form the Funkstown charge. Locust Grove and Sharpsburg joined Boonsboro to form a new Boonsboro charge. To this new Boonsboro charge the Rev. Amos Copenhaver was called in 1859. He resigned in 1867. In 1867 Rev. G. W. Weills was called to the charge, and he re- signed in 1868. Rev. George H. Beckley was called to the charge in 1868. Rev. Mr. Beckley now organized St. Peter's of Keedysville and St. Mark's of Rohrersville and built two churches. When these two new congregations were admitted to the charge, the Lo- cust Grove congregation withdi-ew and joined the Harper's Ferry charge. During the pastorate of Rev. Beckley, the separation of the joint interest of the Lutheran and Reformed congregation of the Salem Church took place. The division occurred in 1870. The Lutherans sold their interest to the Reformed and bouglit a lot on ]\Iain Street and built a church with the name of "Trinity Lutheran Church of Boonsboro. ' ' Rev. Mr. Beckley was the church Ijuilder of the Boonsboro charge. During his ministry he erected three churches in the charge, one in Boonsboro, one in Keedysville and one in Rohrers- ville. He resigned in 1882. Rev. David B. Floyd was called to the Boonsboro charge April 1, 1882. The charge was composed of four congregations, vi/: Trinity in Boonsboro, St. Peter's at Keedysville, ]\lt. Calvary at Sharpsburg, and St. Mark's at Rohrersville. On October 1, 1882, the Sharpsburg and Keedysville congregations withdrew and united with the Bakersville congregation to form a new charge. Boonsboro and Rohrersville congregations now constituted the Boonsboro charge. During Rev. Floyd's pastorate a parsonage was built and Albert 0. INlullen and William G. Slifer were started on their wav to enter the Lutheran ministry. Other sons 440 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. of the congregation wlio had long befoi-o entered the ministry were William J. Smith and Lnther L. Smith. The following are the names of the pastors of the Ringer's and Boonsboro congregations, with the date of the years of their pas- torships : At Ringer's. — Rev. Jacob Goering, 1792; Rev. John George Sehrnacker, 1793-1809. At Ringer's and Boonshoro. — Rev. J. G. Graeber, 1809-19; Rev. J. Kaehler, 1819-21; Rev. Jacob Schnee, 1822-26; Rev. Abrara Reck, 1829-32 ; Rev. Peter Riser, 1832-35. At Boonshoro. — Rev. Henry Lewis Baugher, 1829-30; Rev. Solomon Oswald, 1835-40; Rev. George Diehl, 1840-43; Rev. William Hunt, 1843-48; Rev. Christopher C. Culler. 1848-51 ; Rev. John M. Unruh, 1851-59 ; Rev. xVmos Co]:)enhaver, 1859- 67; Rev. G. W. Weills, 1867-68; Rev. George H. Beckley. 1868- 82; Rev. David B. Floyd, 1882-85; Rev. JMartin L. Beard, 1885- 93; Rev. John E. Bushnell, 1894-95; Rev. J. E. i\laurer, 1895- 1903; Rev. L. A. Bush. 1903-15; Rev. John B. Rupley, 1916-18; Rev. F. L. Will, 1918 . ST. MARK'S LUTPTERAX CHURCH, ROHRERSA^ILLE, MD. (BooNSBORO Charge.) Rev. Frederick L. Will, Pastor. This congregation is a daughter of ]\[ount Zion Lutheran Church at Locust Grove. It was organized by the Rev. George H. Beckley in June, 1879. Rev. Beckley was at that time the pastor of the Boonsboro charge. There were thirty-eight charter mem- bers. Immediately after the formal organization of the congregation steps were taken to erect a house of worship. The building com- mittee consisted of Joseph Rohrer, Ezra D. Miller, John H. Pof- fenberger, Henry Clay Rohrer, Noah Rohrbaek, and the pastor Rev. Mr. Beckley. This committee proceeded at once to action and the new church was dedicated March 21, 1880. The church edifice stands on the ground where the first build- ing had been erected in the village of Rohrersville. The ground was purchased from ]\Irs. Magdalena Buck for $100. The build- ing cost the congregation $3,500. It has a seating capacity of about 300. St. Mark's has always been served hy the pastors of the Boons- boro charge of which it is a part. The list of its pastors is there- THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 441 f«)i"e the same as that of Trinity Church in J^oonshoro beginning with Rev. Gr. II. Beckley. To-day the congregation has a meml^ership of eighty-five. Tlie council consists of IMessrs. Paul Haynes, William Albin, Stanley Dean, Harry Hightman. IMorris Zecher. and Silas Wassler. Mr. Stanley Dean is superintendent of the Sunday scliool. The congregation has sent two of its sons into the Lutheran ministry: Rev. Reese Poffenberger. of Braddock, jMaryland, and Rev. William G. Slifer, of St. Thomas. Pennsylvania. ST. MATTHEW'S LUTHERAN CHUECH. BEAVER CREEK, MD. (BooNSBORO Charge.) Rev. Frederick L. Will, Pastor. This congregation was organized about 1845 by the pastor of the Funkstown charge. Tlie cornerstone of the ]H"esent building was laid April 12. 1845, and the church was completed and dedi- cated that same year. The congregation has never been a large one; the organization liegau with fifty-two members, and there are now fifty-eight. The ]nember8hip of the church comprises some of the best families of the neighborhood. St. Matthew's has been served through most of its history by the pastors of the Funkstown charge, of which it was a part. But in 1908 it withdrew from the Funkstown charge and attached it- self to the Boonsboro charge. Since that date it has been served by the pastors of the Boonsboro Church. The present council is composed of ^Messrs. Frank Funk, Henry Long, Elias Baker, John Newcomer. Clifford Houpt, and John Hose. The superintendent of the Sunday school is Mr. Elias Baker. The church itself stands on a beautiful elevation near the hand- some edifice of the Disciples' Church and the Beaver Creek High School. ST. PETER'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, KEEDYSVILLE, MD. (Boonsboro Charge.) Bev. Frederick L. Will, Pastor. This congregation was organized by Rev. George H. Beckley, pastor of the Boonsboro charge, about 1870. The house of wor- ship was erected in 1871, the corn4^9M^Bi 1 H ai St. Peter's Lutheran Church, Clearspring, Md. pastor, and for the space of three years labored with great suc- cess. Rev. Mr. Curtis became pastor in 1861 and continued for one year. Rev. Mr. Knodle supplied the pulpit until 1864, the beginning of the pastorate of Rev. J. jNI. Graybill. He continued to labor in the pastorate until 1866. Rev. Christian Start/man became pastor for a second time in 1866 and continued until 1 875, making a total of twenty years in which he served this ]>eople. Rev. David Swope became pastor in 1875 and continued two years. In 1877 Rev. S. M. Firey became pastor and continued to sustain this relation to the congregation for six years. In 1883 Rev. Isaac Bobst became pastor and his pastorate continued for 448 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. seven years. Rev. E. H. Jones became pastor in 1890 and his pastorate continued for ten years. The pastorate of Rev. George A. Royer began June 1, 1901. He was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. W. K. Diehl, in 1908. In 1860 movement was inaugurated eitlier to buy out the Ger- man Reformed congregation or to sell to them. A council meet- ing was held and a committee was appointed to devise some equit- able arrangement by which St. Peter's Lutheran congregation would either buy or sell. The committee appointed appraised their interest in the church and decided that they would either buy or sell for nine hundred dollars. The Reformed agreed to sell to the Lutherans at that price, and the church became Lu- theran from that time, the Reformed congregation reserving the right to bury in the graveyard. The old church was burned down Februai-y 14, 1875, and the congregation at once took steps to re- build their house of worship. The present church was dedicated, July 16. 1876, and the total cost of $6,000 was fully met on the day of dedication. Rev. F. W. Conrad, editor of the Lutheran Observer, preached the dedicatory sermon, and succeeded in rais- ing the amount of the remaining indebtedness. The church was refrescoed, recarpeted, reroofed and repaired generally in 1009. While St. Peter's has suffered many losses by death and re- moval she is nevertheless manifesting a vigorous congregational activity. Being well organized for service her loyal-hearted mem- bers are doing splendid work in Sunday school. Christian En- deavor Society and Women 's Missionary Society. Extensive improvements have been made in recent years, in- cluding iron fence. Sunday school room remodeled and refur- nished, auditorium recarpeted, electric lights, two-manual pipe organ, memorial altar, and opalescent art windows. Rev. D. H. Bauslin, D.D., LL.D., Dean of Hamma Divinity School. Springfield, Ohio, is a son of whom St. Peter's may well be proud. About five years ago the charge sold the old parsonage in the center of the town and purchased a house and lot adjacent to St. Peter's Church in Clearspring. Having remodeled and enlarged it and installed a hot water heating plant, th(^y now own a very comfortable house for the pastor's use. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 449 MOUNT TABOR LUTHERAX (^HURCH, FAIR VIEW, MD. (Clearspring Charge.) Rev. W. K. Diehl, Pastor. ]\rount Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized by Rev. H. C. Bowers in 1856. The church was built in 1858. The building is of brick and is plain in architecture. This congrega- tion was incorporated in 1879 under the title of Mount Tabor Lutheran Church. In the spring of 1909 the congregation resolved to build a new church and the resolution was put into effect without delay. The Mt. Tabor Lutheran Church, Fair View, Md. * corner stone was laid by the pastor September 25, 1909. Rev. Victor Miller delivering the address. The building committee consisted of D. L. Whitmore, M. L. Steck, Jacob Trumpower. J. H. Strife, J. R. Eckstine, Fred Filsinger, F. T. Spickler, J. F. Dulebohn. The new church is of brick, auditorium and Sunday school room connected by sliding doors, metal ceiling, heating and lighting plants, organ, piano, baptismal font, with bell in tower, making a modern and beautiful house of worship. July 24, 1910, the church was dedicated by the pastor. Rev. J. A. Singmaster 29 450 HISTOHY OF MAKYLANI) SYNOD. jjreat'liing the' siiTinoii. The congregation lias Ijcen sieadil}- ad- vancing in Christian activity, in l)cneficence and in general {pros- perity. Eev. Simon Snyder is a son of tliis church, llis ministry in the Scalp Level pastorate of the Alleghany Synod has heen fruitful and greatly blessed. The pastors were the same as those of the Clearspring charge, from 1856 to the present time, as follows: Rev. H. C. Bowers, 1856-1858; Rev. J. 1. INIiller, 1858-1861 ; Rev. Curtis, 1861-1862; Rev. Knodle, 1862-1864; Rev. J. M. Grabill, 1864-1866; Rev. Christian Startzman. 1866-1875; Rev. David Swope, 1875-1877; Rev. S. ]\I. Firey, 1877-1883; Rev. Isaac Bobst. 1883-1890; Rev. E. IT. Jones. 1890-1900; Rev. George A. Royer. 1901-1907; Rev. W. K. Diehl, 1908. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAX ("HUKC^H, FUXKSTOWX, MI). (FuNKSTOWN Charge.) h'cr. Wilson L. Rcuishrrij, Fdsfor. The Lutheran congregation of Jerusalemtown (now called Fnnkstown ) was at first united with the Reformed congregation of the town and the two wor- shipped in one church. The first building was of logs. It was con- secrated in 1771 by i)astor John A. Krug. In those early days the children of the Lutheran congre- gation went to Hagerstown to be catechised by the pastor of old St. John's. They were often con- firmed in Hagerstown and at- tended church services in Funks- town. At first the field of the Hagerstown pastor extended to Fnnkstown and Beard's; after- wards it widened to Boonsboro, Clearspring, Bakersville, a n d other adjacent points until it em- braced a very large territory. The first pastor who served the congregation at Fnnkstown was the Rev. John George Young. In 1786 Pastor Young wrote in a letter to Dr. Helmuth as follows : ^'Jn 1771 a congregation was gathered two miles from here KeV. W. L. EEMSEiERfi. THE CHURCHi:S OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 451 (llagerstowu) in a small village called Jerusalem or Funkstuwii, and in the year above mentioned built in connection with the Re- formed a Union Church. Pastor Krug consecrated it. I have served it since 1773. From sixteen to eighteen families belonged at the beginning, but the congregation now includes about fifty families. They have a good schoolhouse and a regular and ef- ficient teacher. P'.very four weeks I preach here. Iioth forenoon St. Paul 's Lutheran Church, Funkstowx, Md. and afternoon. Since most of the people ar(^ |)()or the compensa- tion is uncertain. It amounts probably to nineteen pounds." Pastor Young served Hagerstown and tlierefore Funkstown for twenty years. He died in 1793 and was succeeded by the Rev. Dr. John George Schmucker. He came to the charge as a young man in 1794 and ministered here until 1810. Funkstown con- tinued to be served by the pastors of St. John's at Hagerstown until 1844. After Dr. Schmucker came Rev. Frederick Solomon Schaeifer, 1810-1815 ; Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, 1815-1831 ; Rev. Samuel K. Hoshour, 1831-1834; Rev. Charles Frederick Schaef- fer, 1834-1840. and Rev. Ezra Keller. 1840-1844. The first pastor of the ''Funkstown Charge" after its separa- tion from the Hagerstown charge was Rev. Christopher Columbus Culler. He had received his theological insti'uction from Rev. Ezra Keller. The Funkstown charge now consisted of Funks- 452 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. town. I)caver Creek, tiiid ]\Ii(ldle])urg. Three years later Middle- burg withdrew from this charge and attached itself to the Green- castle charge, but at the same time the AVolfsville congregation was organized and joined the Funkstown charge. A little later Boonsboro became a part of the charge, the parsonage was re- moved to that place, and the charge was known for some years as the ' ' Boonsboro Charge. ' ' In ]850 the Funkstown congregation built a new church at a cost of .$3,400. Two years later the Rev. Mr. Culler resigned and ^^^^^^Hr "'"^^^^^i^^l ■ ^B 0'^ ' 1 IKi /'-am^i*^. 1 IBf A— 3 Mr. Jacob Stouffeii, Funkstown, Mel. Mr. Joh.v D. Hollyday, Funkstown, Md. became associated with the Doctors Bittle in the establishment of the Hagerstown Female Seminary. He was succeeded by the Rev. John N. Unruh, who was pastor of the charge from 1852 to 1858. An effort late in the year 1852 to dissolve the anion with the Re- formed congregation failed because of the vigorous protest of the Reformed vestry. But in 1857 adju.^tments were made that satis- fied all parties and the dissolution of the union was effected. Rev. Amos Copeuhaver was the next pastor. He ministered here from 1859 to 1867. He succeeded in maintaining the activi- ties of the congregation during the critical period of the Civil War. It was during his pa.storate that the congregation acquired through the bequest of J\Irs. Anna Schultz the present parsonage property. For two years. 18H8-1870. Rev. ]M. W. Fair served the charge. During this time the parsonage was improved at a cost of $600. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 453 Then Kev. Levi Keller bceame pastor uiitil 1880. His faithful ministry was terminated by a fall from an apple tree, from the ef- fects of which he died. For five years, from 1881 to 1886, Rev. D. S. Lentz, was pastor of the charge. Under his ministry old debts were liquidated and better tinanr-ial methods were introduced. The pastorate of Rev. W. S. T. ]\Ietzoer, 1887-1891, is charac- terized as a period of spiritual interest and increased member- ship. Rev. J. Milton Snyder remained in charge of the pastorate only two years, until October, 1893, but during this time the church was renovated at a cost of about $1 ,000. In 1 886 the cor- porate title of the church had been changed from Christ's to St. Paul's. During the ministry of Rev. Cliarles A. Hoy, 1891-1899, fur- ther improvements were made to the church building and a house and lot were purchased with a view to extending the limits of the cemetery. Then for four years Rev. David B. Floyd, D.D., was pastor. Tlie Common Service^ was introduced and the Sunday school was more thoroughly org;niized. Rev. M. S. Sharp M^as pastor from 1905 to 1907, andduring his pastorate improvements were made in the church consisting of gothic windows, raised pul- pit, choir platform, and chancel rail. The present pastor. Rev. W. L. Remsberg, began his ministry in St. Paul's in 1908. During his devoted ministry a great many improvements have been made to the church property and the auxiliary organizations have taken on increased activity. A pipe organ and a ])ian() have lieen installed and an orchestra has been organized. During the recent war the church sent tifteen young men into the service of the nation, three of whom sleep on the soil of France. The church has sent one of her sons into the ministry, Rev. Emory Stockslager, whose ancestors together with the Stouf- fers and the Fierys have been pioneers of this church. IMr. John D. Holly day has been the efficient superintendent of the Sunday school for twelve years. The school numbers about 240. while the communicant membership of the church is about 220. SALEM LUTHERAN CHURCH, BAKERSVILLE, MD. (FuNKSTOWN Charge.) Iiev. Wilson L. Kemshcrg, Pastor. At the close of the eighteenth century the ueed for a house of worship was strongly felt in the region now known as Bakersville. There being but few families in this section, though they were of different faiths, principally Methodists, German Reformed and 454 HISTORY OF AIAKYriANI) SYNOD. J^uthci'juis. th('\' caiiic lo^iclhcf. and al a |)()iiil in the vd^v of a clearing, these stiirdy Godfearing ])e()ple huill a log church al)out ]80(). Later, in 182o. finding tliis house too small, they tore it down and replaced it with a Ycry large stone structure, now used as a sehoolhouse. Among the early contrihutors were Peter Palmer, Henry Poffenherger, iMartin Newman, John Brantner, John lOiode. Henry Zook, William Reynolds, Joseph Roberts, Henry and Jacob DoYenberger, Watkins James, and Otho Baker. Salem Lutheran Church, BAKEit.svn.LE, Md. These three congregations worshipped in this house for a quar- ter of a century, when the ]\Iethodists either died out, or merged with the Lutherans and Reformed. These two congregations grew very rapidly, and finally, in 1853, they mutually and willingly agreed to separate, the Reformed people nioYing two miles west and building for themselves a church at Mount IMoriah. The Lutherans built a new meeting house known as Salem Evangelical Iiutheran Church, in 1854; it is the edifice in which they now worship. This building was remodeled in 1888 at a cost of one thousand dollars, and now we have a church building worth $4,000, with a seating cai^acity of three hundred. The land where this church, with adjacent cemetery, now is, was donated by John and William Reynolds. The first Lutherans were Germans and therefore conducted the services in German. The English ministers of whom we have rec- ord were : Rev. George Diehl, from 1840 to 1852 ; Rev. T^nruh, THE CHURCH 1::S OF THK WESTERN CONEEKENCE. 455 1852-185-4; Rev. lAIarts. 1851-1857; Kev. Lunger, 1857-18G1; Rev. Wiles. 1864-1868; Rev. Fair, 1868-1872; Rev. Levi Keller, 1872-1882; Rev. Leiitz, 1882-1885; Rev. Ellis H. Joues, 1885- 1892; Rev. J. W. Lingle, 1892-1896; Rev. A. A. Kerlin. 1896- 1902; Rev. :\r. S. Sharp. 1905-1907; Rev. W. L. Remsberg, 1908 . Mrs. Alice Reynolds, who died in 1912, bequeathed the ehnreh $3,000. Just liefore her death she had donated an additional acre Mr. Allen D. Eakle, Bakersville, Md. Mr. Cornelius Snively, Bakersville, Md. of ground to the cemetery. Miss Savilla Welty, who died in 1916. bequeathed the church $500. Out of these bequests the congrega- tion in 1913 purchased new pews and a new carpet costing $1,200. Tn 1918 a pipe organ and a new lighting system were installed at a cost of $1,976. For thirty-two years Mr. Cornelius Snively has been treasurer of the church. The present communicant membership is one hundred thirty. The Sunday school of which Mr. J. H. Brill is superintendent numbers one hundred twenty-seven. The Women's jMissionary Society has a membership of twenty-one; the Young People's JMissionary Society nineteen, the ^lission Band twenty-nine and the Christian Endeavor thirty. 4r,() HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. GERRARDSTOAVX LTTTIIERAX (^PIITRdl, GERRARDSTOWX, AV. Va. Eev. M. L. Ritdisill, Vastor. This congregation was organized before the JNIaryhind Synod was, but it has not always been attached to the INlaryland Synod. It was a German minister. Rev. John Zimmerman, who organized the congregation. That was in 1809. The records give very scant information concerning the history of the church, l)ut the follow- ing is the list of the pastors to the present time: Rev. John Zim- merman, Rev. Isaac Baker, Rev. E. Proctor, Rev. John Winter, Rev. J. J. Suman, Rev. J. S. Ileilig. Rev. W. ]M. MeClanan, Rev. H. G. Bowers, Rev. A. Co- penhaver. Rev. J. Frazier. Rev. Webster Eigelberger, Rev. George A. Long, Rev. J. Kuhn, Rev. M. J. Sibole, Rev. J. M. Graybill. Rev. W. C. Day, Rev. M. L. Rudisill. It was during the ministry of Ihe Rev. John Winter that the congregation first becaine affiliated with the Maryland Synod, but that relationship was not continu- ous thereafter. Three churches have been built in the course of these one hundred and ten years of the history of the church. In 1909. during the pastorate of Rev. J. M. Graybill, the church was completely remodeled. The cost of these improvements was met by the gift of $500 bequeathed for that purpose by Mr. J. Henry Weidman. Commemorating this fact the church when it was re- dedicated in October, 1909, was named Weidman 's Memorial Church of Gerrardstown. Between the pastorate of Rev. J. M. Graybill and that of Rev. W. C. Day, the church was supplied by ministers of the United Evangelical Church. The present pastor. Rev. jM. L. Rudisill, took charge of the pastorate in 1917. Since then auxiliary or- ganizations have been formed and the membership has increased. Eev KumsTLL. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 457 TKINITY LUTHERAX C^HURC^H, NEAR (lER RARDSTOWX, W. VA. (Gerrardstown Charge.) Rev. M. L. RudisiU, Pastor. Trinity Lutheran Church, which is a part of the Gerrardstown charge, is of much more recent origin than the church at Ger- rardstown itself. Trinity was not organized until 1886. The or- ganization was effected by the Rev. R. C. Holland, who was at that time pastor of the Lutheran Church at JMartinshurg, West Virginia. The church building was destroyed by an enemy in 1902 but was rebuilt in that same year. Under Rev. jF. L. Rudi- siil's ministry the work has been progressing nicely. ST. JOIIX'S LUTHERAX CHURCH, HAGERSTOWX, MB. Fev. J. Edivard Harms, D.D., Pastor. A brief historical narrative, such as this must necessarily be. cannot present a full account of the historical development of an organization which is one lunidred and fifty years old. ^lany signifi- cant events and the names of many faithful and devoted work- ers must of neces>;ity be omitted. "Old St. John's'' has a long and splendid history. Through- out all these years this church has been an agency of righteousness in this community and has made its influence felt in the social and religious life of the people in whose midst the church has oper- ated. From the available records the exact year when the Lutheran Church was organized in ITagers- town cannot be definitely deter- mined. Fragmentary records contain the account of ministerial acts having been performed by a Lutheran pastor in this community as early as 1759. The prob- ability is that these ministerial acts were performed by some vis- Rev. J. Edward Harms, D.D. 458 HISTORY OF MxVRYIiAND SYNOD. itinu' Ijuthcrati p;ist()i" pi'ior lo llic loniuil (try-fmiznl ion ol' ;i Lu- theran congregation in Elizahethtown (Ilagei'stown, at that time was called p]lizabethtown and l)elonged to Frederick County). The year 1770 may. w itli a reasonable degree of certainty, be fixed as the date of the organization of St. John's' Lutheran Church. This was six years prior to the Declaration of American Independence. Rev. Charles Frederick Wildliahn was the first duly elected l^astor of this church. He served the congregation for two years. At the time of his resignation in 1772 the congregation numbered 271 communicant members. Rev. John George Young ])e- came pastor in 1772 and served the congregation till 1792. It was during this pastorate that the first church building was erected. Rev. John George Schmucker, I).D., became pastor in 1793. The corner stone of the present church (Ylifice was laid in 1795. The new church ^\■as dedicated in 1806. Dr. Schmucker resigned the pas- torate in 1810. lie died in Wil- liamsburg, Pennsylvania, in Oc- tober, 1854, at the age of 83 ^'ears. While the new church was in pro- cess of erection the congregation worshi])ped in the old "Lecture Room," which was the sexton's dwelling sitiuiled between the church and parsonage. Rev. Solomon Schaetfer was the fourth i)astor of St. Jolm's. He served the congregation for four years. Tradition has it that Rev. Schaeffer was a young man of remarkable ability. In early manhood he was called to his eternal reward and was buried be- neath the church. A marble tablet in the west aisle of the present Sunda.y school room marks his last resting place. In 1815 Rev. Benjamin Kurtz, D.D., LL.D., was called to the pastorate of this church. In addition to the work of the pastorate here he served the Lutheran congregations at Funkstown, AVil- liamsport. Beard's and Smithsburg. During Dr. Kurtz's pas- torate English preaching was introduced, and mid-week prayer services and "protracted meetings" were held. Dr. Kurtz was granted a leave of absence in 1826 that he might go to Europe as Rev. 8. W. Owex, D.D., LL.D. THE f'HURCIIKS OF THK WESTERN CONEKRIONCE. ■159 the representative of the Lutheran Church in Aineriea to collect money for the purposi' of establishing a Lutheran Theological Seminary in this country. lie returned the following year bring- ing with him $10,000 which was spent in the erection of our Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. His ministry here ended in June, 1831. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, December 26, 1856. During this pastorate the largest communicant member- ship is reported. There is a record of 300 having communed on Whit-Sunday of ]819. The following names a]')pear on the St. John 's Lutheran Church, Hagerstowx, Md. church record as members of the Church Council : Samuel Ride- nour, Theodore Eichelberger, John Wise, Sr., Frederick Stover, George Shyrock, Daniel Showman, Jacob Knodle, Jacob Kausler, Elders ; Daniel Williard, Daniel Startzman, William Hawken, David Artz, Deacons. The next pastor of St. John's was Rex. Samuel K. Hoshour. He became pastor in 1831. His pastoral relationship terminated in 1834. After leaving Hagerstown Rev. Hoshour entered the ministry of the Christian Church. Rev. C. F. Schaeffer, D.D., became pastor in 1834. He resigned in 1840. Dr. Schaeffer was a younger brother of Rev. Solomon Schaeffer. Rev. Ezra Keller, D.D., took charge of the congregation in 1840 4()0 HISTORY OF MARYI.AND SYNOD. and renuiined its i)ast()r for four years. ^Vt the end of tliis pas- torate the coinnmnieaiit meiiil)ership numbered 460. Rev. F. W. Conrad was pastor from Ma.y, 1844, to October, 3850. Tlie present parsonage was built during Rev. Conrad's ministry here at a cost of $3,200. The most significant event of this pastorate was the organization of St. IMatthew's German Lu- theran Church. The German portion of St. John's congregation presented a formal request that they be permitted to have an or- ganization of their own, to have their own church, council and support their own pastor. The request was granted and a Ger- man congregation was organized. This congregation disbanded in 1918. Another significant event of this pastorate was the or- ganization of four Sunday schools in the country districts sur- rounding Hagerstown. The congregation about this time con- tributed i|52,r)0() toward the endowment of two new professorships in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. In the fall of 1850 Rev. F. R. Anspach, D.D., was called to St. John's Church. He resigned January 1, 1857. Rev. Reuben Hill entered the tield as pastor on December 1, 1857. His resignation took effect December 5, 1859. Rev. J. Evans was pastor from 1860 to 1866. Rev. Evans was succeeded in 1867 by Rev. T. T. Titus, who in October, 1869, resigned and became pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Hagerstown, a ncAV congregation which se]Darated from St. John's. In November, 1869, Rev. S. W. Owen, D.D., LL.D., became the pastor of this church. Dr. Owen was the faithful and beloved pastor of this congregation for nearly half a century. He heard the call of God to come up higher on April 16, 1916. It was during Dr. Owen's pastorate that the church made its most substantial growth. Dr. Owen was one of the most forceful and eloquent preachers in the Lutheran Church. His death was a great loss to the Lutheran Church in America. The following extract is taken from a sermon preached by Dr. Owen upon the occasion of his 45th anniversary as pastor of St. John's: '"Allow me to give a few statistics of my pastorate here. I have preached between three and four thousand sermons during the 45 years, baptized 562 infants, married 1,514 couples, and have added to the membership of the church 1,376 persons. The relationship between pastor and people during these years has been most peaceful and loving. The current expenses of the church have been met, and to-day we have no debt except that which we owe to our heavenly Father for His protection and care. Of the 12 pastors who have served the church during the THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 461 lime embraced in this sketch, I am the oiil\- one remaining. Let me but be enrolled with such Worthies, and I will say to any sor- rowing friends, ' Carve not a line, raise not a stone, but leave me alone in my glory. ' ' ' The present pastor. Rev. J. Edward Harms, D.D., was called to the St. John's pastorate January 15, 1917. At the time of his election here he was serving the First Lutheran Church of Day- ton, Ohio. The present communicant membership of the church is 715. The Sunday school membership is 660. Plans are being made for the erection of a modern Sunday school building to pro- vide for the rapidly growing Sunday school. The following members of the church constitute the present Church Council: J^lders — Edward Oswald, secretary ; M. P. .Moller, (leorge AV. Fridinger, J. Frank S. Beck, J. Harry Schueler, Richard S. Os- wald ; Deacons — John H. Jones, Frank R. Middlekauff, E. Bane Snyder, Hugh N. Garver, Harry D. Burger, John S. Kausler, treasurer. Items of Interest. 1. In this church the delegates from the Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland and North Carolina Synods met on October 20, 1820, to adopt a Constitution and formally organize the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. 2. In this church a committee appointed by the General S^nod met to determine the location of a Theological Seminary, this con- gregation contributing the largest amount toward the establish- ment of it. 3. Three of the pastors of St. John's became editors of the Jal- theran Observer. 4. One of the pastors of St. John's was the founder and first president of Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio. TRINITY LUTHERAX CHURCH, HAGERSTOWX, MD. Rev. J. S. Si))io)i, D.D., Pastor. While the history of Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hagerstown, as a separate organization, dates back only to 1869, yet the roots of its life run back to the very beginning of Lu- theranism in Hagerstown. Until August 26tli of the above men- tioned year, St. John's Lutheran Church, throughout its long and successful history, continued midivided. About a year be- fore the organization of Trinity a difference of opinion arose among the members of St. John's Lutheran Church concerning 462 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. tlie remodeliiiy' of tlie eliurcli building'. This differenee of opin- ion finally grew to such projiortions that it was thonglit best, by those in favor of remodeling', to withdraw from the Mother Chureh, and to form another Lntheran Congregation in Hagers- town. Among the ])r()minent leaders in the new organization were Messrs. David Artz, Philiji Wingert, Frederick Posey, Wra. Tiee, Wm. Protzman, Martin Startzman, Jonathan Sehindel, Jacob Roessner, Otho Swingley, L. L. Mentzer, Al)raham Miller, Trinity Lutheran CniiKcii, 11a(.,ei;.sto\Vi\, Md. Wilson L. Hays, and Dr. J. E. Herbert. These were all members of the first Church Council. A lot for a new church building was bought on West Franklin Street, conveniently situated, and ground was broken for the new building on October 18, 1886. On November 7tli of the same year, the corner stone was laid, the Rev. Joel Swartz officiating. While it was considered necessary for the two parties, holding diverse opinions, to separate, yet they continued to worship to- gether until August 26, 1869, when the new congregation was formally organized. On that date it was decided by the congre- gation that it should be known as ' ' Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland." On this same date the new congregation extended a call to Rev. T. T. Titus, pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church of Hagerstown. He ^. H 464 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. accepted tlie call and took charg'e on October 1, 18H!). On the same date the new house of \vor8hip was dedicated, Kev. F. W. Conrad preaching the dedicatory sermon. The Rev. Titus was not permitted to serve the people of Trinity for a very h)ng period. Because of throat affection he was compelled to resign, to the great regret of the congregation to whom his earnest piety and loyal, faithful, pastoral work had much endeared him. His resignation took effect on July 1, 1871. In August of the same year he removed to Hartwick Theological Seminary, of which in June he had been elected principal. It is but right that testimony should be given to the faithful women of the church, who worked continuously and with much self-denial ; who, having given themselves to the Lord, gave their time, energy, money, to the service of His Church, and so con- tributed, in large measure to the payment of the debt upon the church building, as well as to the building up of the congrega- tion and of the Sunday school in numbers and in influence. After the resignation of the Rev. T. T. Titus, there was a va- cancy for three months, during which time the Rev. J. A. Clutz, D.D., at that time a student in Gettysburg Seminary, supplied the pulpit. On February 25, 1872, the congregation extended a call to the Rev. Henry Luckenbaugh, a man of well-known and marked literary ability and pulpit attainments. He accepted the call, to take effect in April, 1872, and served the congregation until the latter part of 1874. During the ensuing vacancy the Rev. Dr. McCron, then principal of the Hagerstown Seminary, supplied the pulpit. On June 13, 1875, the Rev. J. R. Williams was called to the pastorate. He served the congregation faithfully for eight years. In October, 1883, Trinity again became vacant. On January 13, 1884, the congregation extended a call to the Rev. Harvey W. McKnight, D.D. He accepted the call, but re- signed on July 16, 1884, to accept the presidency of Gettysburg College, which had been meanwhile offered him. His resigna- tion was a grievous disappointment to the congregation and a long period of restlessness ensued. For more than a year the church was without a pastor. The Rev. Edwin Heyl Delk, D.D., was called to the pastorate on June 11, 1885, and took charge in October of the same year. He served the congregation with ability and success, until May 1, 1902. During his pastorate Trinity made signal progress, in- creasing in membership, paying the indebtedness on both church building and parsonage, and extending widely its power for good in Hagerstown. During the vacancy caused by the resignation THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 465 of the Rev. Mr. Delk, to accept a call to St. Matthew's Church of Philadelphia, the pulpit was acceptably sup])lied by the Rev. J. F. Baum. The present incumbent, the Rev. J. S. Simon, was called to the pastorate in October, 1902, and assumed charge De- cember 5, 1902. About the year 1872 the cong-regation, feeling the need of a home for its pastor, purchased a house on West Franklin Street, at a short distance from the church. In 1883 this was sold and in 188o a large and substantial brick building, conveniently situ- ated on North Potomac Street about a square from the church building, was erected at a cost of $7,000. In 1887 a new primary school building and library room were built. In 1891 the chancel Avas rearranged and the church repaired. The Sunday school was organized October 10, 1869, with eight ofificers, twenty-three teachers, and ninety-eight scholars. At the present time it has an enrollment of more than a thousand, with ninety teachers and officers. The Sunday school is noted for its benevolent spirit, giving for the support of the school and for the missionary work of the church more than two hundred dollars per month. The Woman's Missionary Society of Trinity Church was or- ganized in April, 1880, and has at present a membership of al- most one hundred. The Young People's Missionary Society was organized in September, 188-1, and now has a membership of about two hundred. The Mission Band, a eompanj' of boys and girls organized for training in the work of missions, was organ- ized in March, 1889, by Mrs. J. D. Main, and has accomplished much toward the training of the young for service in the church, especially in the Missionary Societies. Trinity has given two boys to the work of the Gospel ministry, Benjamin Lantz and Harry Main. The Rev. J. H. Main, D.D., is located at Philadelphia, and the Rev. B. L. Lantz, D.D., at Salina, Kansas. In October, 1890, about twenty members of Trinity, who ob- jected to the use of the Common Service in the worship of the congregation, withdrew from its fellowship and formed a new congregation, St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church, which has since that time grown into a flourishing church of nearly four hundred members. Recently a new era dawned for Trinity Church. The exact date of its beginning cannot be fixed, for that beginning was not so much a matter of time as of the spirit of the congregation. The Sunday school of the church had outgrown its rooms and there arose a demand for a larger place and one better adapted 30 466 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. to the needs of a growing progressive seliool. Besides, the imme- diate surroundings of the church property were becoming, with increasing population and growing business in Hagerstown, less and less desirable. After many proposals for enlargement and rebuilding had been made, earnestly and harmoniously discussed, and almost unanimously rejected, a member of the Church Coun- cil, directed loy the Spirit of God, as it now seems, suggested the purchase of a new sight, the erection of new buildings, and the selling of the old church and parsonage properties. After long and prayerful discussion of the project, the Church Council or- dered the submission of the entire project to the congregation, which, after full and free discussion, by a unanimous vote in- structed the Church Council to buy the three lots located on the corner of North Potomac and Randolph Avenue, for the sum of $■13,500, and to secure plans for the erection of a church costing about $50,000. But afterwards in order to meet the needs and the religious spirit of the congregation these plans were greatly enlarged and nearly doubled in cost. Ground was broken for the new building on June 14, 1909, Mr. Jacob Roessner, a charter member of Trinity", and a most ■en- thusiastic and faithful member of it, wielding the shovel. The corner stone was laid, with impressive and joyful services, on Oc- tober 10, 1909. The church was set apart for the worship of God on March 19, 1911. At that time the indebtedness of the congregation was more than $55,000. Under the constant blessing of the great Head of the church, the congregation has had a splendid develop- ment in Sunday school and church until at the present time there are but few churches in the synod to which it belongs, which ex- ceed it in numerical strength. It also seems certain that by the tenth anniversary of the dedication of the church this willing and liberal people will have canceled the entire indebtedness incurred in building. And so, the new era which began with the demand for an enlarged place has proved to be an Era of Enlargement. Meanwhile the Lutheran Churches of Hagerstown have become thoroughly united in spirit. That Mdiich came as the result of a difference of opinion among the members of the Mother Church, has, under the direction of the Holy Spirit, brought about blessed results for Lutheranism and for the kingdom of Christ in Hagers- town. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 467 ST. MARK'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, HAGERSTOWX, :\rD. Rev. J. ir. Ott, D.D., Pastor. St. Mark's Lutheran Church, of Hagerstowii, Maryland, dates her bef;inning- to the summer and autumn of 1889. August 9, 1889, a meeting was held at the residence of William Marr to consider the advisability of organizing another Tjutheran Church in Hagerstown. August 16th and 23d meetings were held to con- sider the sul)ject further. At the last named meeting a commit- tee reported that the hall in the engine house of the Western En- terprise Fire C o m p a n y, on Franklin Street, had been rented as a temporary place of worsliij). October 6, 1889, the first regu- lar service was held in the hall. It was conducted by Rev. S. A. Hedges. At that service the con- gregation was organized as the ' ' Third English L u t h e r a n Church," with seventeen or eight- een members. Others were soon added, increasing the number to about thirty. For several months after the organization of the congregation the pulpit was supplied by stu- dents from the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg. In January, 1890, Rev. S. E. Bateman, of Selinsgrove, Pa., was elected pastor of the young congregation. He entered upon his duties as pastor on March 7th. At the first council meeting after Rev. Bateman \s arrival, the name of the church was changed from ' ' The Third Lutheran, " to " St. Mark 's Tiutheran Church." The Maryland Synod, at its annual meeting in October, 1890, in AVashington, D. C, formally received the new congregation into its membership. For a period of eight years the congregation received some aid from the Board of Home Missions. It became self-supporting in December, 1898. November 29, 1891, the congregation decided to purchase the Straub property at the intersection of Washington Street and Washington Avenue for the sum of $5,750. The fine brick dwelling-house on the ])roperty was converted into a. chapel, the Rev. J. W. Ott, D.D. 468 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. comer stone of which whs laid in October, 1892, and the re- niod'-led bniklinp- was dedicated in January, 1898, after having worshiped in a hall for three years. Valuable aid was rendered the cono-regation at this time by the Board of Church Extensioii of the General S.vnod Lutheran Church. Rev. Bateraan resigned as pastor in June, 1893, having served the congregation over three years and having increased the mem- bership to almost one hundred. December 1, 1893, the second pastor. Rev. George S. Bowers, of York, Pennsylvania, entered upon his duties. During the Rev. Bowers' pastorate a primar>' St. Makk's Luthekax Church, Hagekstowx, Md. room was added to the church building to accommodate the grow- ing Sunday school. This building was dedicated in June, 1895, during the meeting of General Synod in Hagerstown. In the autumn of the same year the comfortable three-story brick par- sonage was built adjoining the church. It was ready for occu- pancy about Christmas. On the tenth anniversary of the organi- zation of the congregation the indebtedness to the Board of Church Extension was cancelled. Rev. Bowers served the congregation until December 1, 1902, a period of nine years. Marked material and spiritual progress was made during those years. The value of the church property was enhanced, the indebtedness was reduced, and the membership was increased to t^^'o hundred fortv. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 469 Rev. S. G. Doriiblaser, of C^olumbus, Ohio, became pastor of St. Clark's March 1, 1903. He served the congregation until Sep- tember 1, 1906, a period of three and oueJialf vears. During- this pastorate a steady- development was manifest. In February, 1907, a call was extended to the Rev. J. William Ott, of Trinity Lutheran Church, Grand Rapjds, Michigan. On Marcli 19tli Rev. Ott entered upon his duties as pastor. At the Mr. a. T. Zext.myer, Hagerstowii, ^STd. Ml!. John W. Koogle, Hagerstowii, Md. time of his installation which took ])lace on November 3, 1907, a debt of $1,300, which yet remained on the church, was canceled, and the mortgage burned in the presence of the congregation. In the autumn of 1910 the church was entirely renovated and an annex built to nu^et the need of the growing Sunday school, all at a cost of $4,500. At the same time a new Moller pipe organ, handsomely finished in dark golden oak and costing $2,000, was installed. On November 13, 1910, the impressive service of re- dedication took place. At the same time the financial obligation of $6,500 was fully met. This pastorate has witnessed a grand realization of Christian devotion on the part of some of its young members, two of thein having chosen the ministry as tlieir vocation. Miss Lydia Seip- plemyer, a graduate of the Deaconess Motherhouse, Baltimore, Maryland, is in active work in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. At Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Mr. Lawrence Showe is in preparation for the Gospel ministry. Mr. Henry Young, who is 470 HISTORY OF MARYTiAND SYKOO. tit this \vritiii'ir- ginia. It was originally composed of German immigrants and their descendants from Pennsylvania and Maryland. The nu- cleus of the congregation was formed in 1775. Ihitil 1832 the liUtheran congregation worshipped in the same house with the Reformed. But already in 1782 the Lutheran congregation began to keep its own record book. The first record in it is the l)aptism of Jacob Krug, December 1, 1872. 480 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Not until 1790 did St. Joliirs have a resident pastor. But the gospel was preached and the sacraments were administered to the cong-regation by ministers of the Lutheran Church who visited them as often as possible in connection with numerous other con- gregations scattered over as many as four or five counties. One striking feature of the history of this church is its large number of short pastorates, except the last. Another is the un- usual number of men who served this church and who afterwards became highly prominent in the Lutheran Church at large. The first regular pastor of whom we have any certain knowl- edge was Rev. Christian Streit, a man of fine education and abil- ity, of deep piety and earnest devotion to the work of the min- istry. He took charge of the Lutheran Church at Winchester in 1785 and lived there, but in connection with his other work regu- larly ministered at Martinsburg. The field of his operations em- braced a circuit of about fifty miles. He ministered here until 1790. The first church building was the common property of the Lu- theran and Reformed congregations. It was acquired in 1786. It had been built as a tavern, but equipped as a church it served the purposes of the congregations until they separated in 1832. After Christian Streit, the next pastor, and the first who re- sided at Martinsburg, was Rev. John David Young. He took charge of the congregation in 1790 and served it until 1800, and again, after an absence of two years at Taneytown, Maryland, served it from 1802 until his death in February, 1804. His labors were abundantly blessed, and he added to the church during his short ministry no less than one hundred forty-three members. He it was who drew up the first constitution and form of govern- ment for the congregation. It shows great prudence and splen- did judgment. It was signed by one hundred and three members. During the time that Rev. Young was absent from the charge, from 1800 to 1802, the congregation was supplied by Rev. Fred- erick William Jazinsky for about one year. He had been an army officer under Frederick the Great, and was a man of very determined will. He was of spotless character but too severe to be very popular. This was shown by his subsequent experience as pastor in Frederick. Rev. Melsheimer also supplied a few months at this time, but left no records. The second resident pastor was the Rev. John P. Ravenach. He began his ministry here in 1808. He was faithful, diligent, and blameless in life. But his usefulness was greatly hindered by domestic troubles. On account of these troubles he was com- pelled to resign in 1814. He then demitted the ministry. THE CHURCHKS OF THE WE!>TEKN CONFERENCE. 481 III 1817 Kev. John KaeliU'i", a very youiiy uia]i who had been hofu in Frederick and had studied theology under Dr. Schaeffer, became pastor of St. John's and continued in that relation until ]819. He was succeeded in 1819 by Rev. Charles Philip Krauth, then a young man. This was his first charge and he was eminently successful both as preacher and as pastor. He brought about a revival of religion that continued unabated for at least two years. During his ministry of eight years one hundred sixteen members were added to the church. He was the first pastor who preached chiefly in English, and this fact is supposed to account for his great success. Dr. Krauth resigned in 1827 and became pastor of St. Matthew's in Philadelpliia. He afterwards became the first president of Gettysburg College and then the second pro- fessor in the Gettysburg Seminary. Dr. Krauth was succeeded at Martinsburg by the Rev. Jacob Medtart in 1827. In 1885 he also resigned to accept a call to St. Matthew's in Philadelpliia. It was during his ministry at 3Iar- tiiisburg that the union with the Reformed was dissolved and the Lutherans built their own house of worship. It was dedicated June 10, 1832, and cost the congregation about $4,000. Then followed a number of short pastorates. Rev. Reuben Weiser was pastor from 1835 to 1837. He gathered a congrega- tion and built a church known as St. Paul's, near Greensburg in the same county as Martinsburg, which was ministered to by all the succeeding pastors of Martinsburg until the outbreak of the Civil War. Rev. Charles Martin served the congregation from 1837 to 1842. Then Rev. Samuel Sprecher, afterwards president of Wit- tenberg College, ministered as pastor during most of the year 1842. He was followed in 1843 by Rev. Joseph A. Seiss, who was regarded as "a young man of much promise." Pie remained only two years and then went on his way to great prominence in the Church. Rev. John AVinter served the congregation from 1845 to 1847. Then for five months, Rev. Charles Porterfield Krauth, son of the former pastor, ministered at Martinsburg. He resigned in April, 1847, to take charge at Winchester. Rev. B. M. Schmueker was the next pastor. This was his first experience in the ministry. He took charge in 1848 and resigned in 1852. From Martinsburg he went to Trinity Church in Read- ing where he became eminent as preacher and scholar. He was succeeded at Martinsburg by Rev. Reuben A. Fink. From this time forth Shepherdstown ceased to constitute a part of this charge. Mr. Fink liecame too deeply concerned in politics to 31 482 HISTORY OF ]\IAKY1.AND SYNOD. please all his i)e()[)le and his resijiiiatioii caiiic in 1854. J)uriiig' his brief ministry the church building' was enlarged and im- proYed at a cost of $1,200. The next two years were occupied by Tier. William Kopp. lie was obliged to resign in 1857 on account of failing health. Rex. Ivopp and his two predecessors, Rcys. Medtart and Krauth, all laid away their life companions in the cemetery at Martinsburg during their pastorates there. ReY. Kopp was succeeded by Rev. Edwin Dorsey, M.D., who served the congregation from 1858 to 18G0. The next pastor was also a doctor of medicine. This was Rev. Charles Martin, M.D. He came to Martinsburg for his second pastorate in the fall of 1860. But his labors here were terminated by the outbreak of the C'ivil War in the spring of 1861. St. John's suffered intensely during the war, not only the property l)ut also the congregation. For four years the church was used as a hospital, the congregation was without a pastor, and intense diiferences of political views added to the confusion and strife. Not until 1866 did another pastor come to the field. The first pastor after the Civil War was Rev. J. S. Heilig. During his short ]iastorate of two years the church building was completely overhauled and renovated. The government granted a little more than $1,000 for damages and the congregation raised an additional $1,500. It is recorded that Rev. Heilig 's ministry was not very satisfactory, and he was succeeded in 1869 by Rev. M. L. Culler. Dr. Culler was the historian of the church. He served a very successful pastorate of twelve years. Rapid growth of the con- gregation and many improvements to its property marked his ministry. In 1881 a parsonage was built. In 1882 Rev. R. C. Holland, D.D., came to Martinsburg from Shepherdstown. He ministered here six years. During his min- istry the church was remodeled at an expense of $12,000. He re- signed the charge in September, 1888, and removed to Charles- ton, South Carolina. The last pastor of this church was the Rev. C. S. Trump, D.D. He succeeded Dr. Holland in October, 1888. And his has been by far the longest pastorate the church has known. For thirty- one years he labored in this field. Many are the results of his work. All indebtedness has been removed. In 1 898 the parson- age was enlarged and improved. In 1901 the church was again remodeled and a pipe organ was installed. These improvements cost over $3,000. Missionary organizations have been formed and have flourished. And the membership of the congregation has been "increased from 400 to 842." THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 483 It is our sad duty to chronicle in conclusion the death of Dr. Trump on October 5, 1919. He was buried at Martinsburg- where he had labored so long' and so faithfully and where he spent the major portion of his life in the ministry. Of his approaching death Dr. Trump must have had a clear premonition, for he wrote in his historical narrative dated December, 1918: "Ere long my congregation will be listening to another voice from the pulpit and another pastor will visit their homes. ' ' TRINITY LUTHERAX CHURCH, SHARPSBURG, MD. (Sharpsburg Charge.) Rev. A. A. Kerlin, Pastor. This church is one of the oldest in the Synod. It was made memorable by the part that it played in the battle of Antietam. The church building that stood at the time of the battle was in the thick of the fight and the building that has taken the place of the old one is a memorial to the Federal soldiers who fought and died in that battle. On March 16, 1768, a deed for a site for a church and burial- ground was executed by Colonel Joseph Chapline to the Lutheran vestrymen, who were Dr. Christopher Cruss, Matthias Need, Nicholas Sam and William Hawker. The vestrymen of the church began at once to erect a building of logs and roughcast, 33 by 38 feet in dimensions in the north- east corner of the graveyard. This quaint, old-fashioned struc- ture, which was a century and a quarter old, was surmounted by a tower in which hung a bell of English make. The interior of the church was ancient looking. The pews were straight -backed and high. The pulpit was goblet-formed and half way up the wall, and was reached by a flight of ten or twelve steps. Over the pulpit and just above the preacher's head was suspended from an iron rod in the ceiling, a canopy, or sounding-board, as it was termed, which resembled in form an open umbrella. The vestrymen occupied one corner of the church, seated on a platform considerably elevated, so that they could be readily dis- tinguished from the rest of the congregation. The foresinger, or leader of the singing, with his tuning-fork and note-book, was seated on a high chair in the center of the church. The singing, praying and preaching, from the organization of the congregation until the year 1831, was conducted in the German language. The early records of the church ha^dng been lost or destroyed, 484 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. it is impossible to give a very eorrect aeeount of the ministers who officiated here in the very early times. It seems quite evi- dent, however, that this church at the beginning- was supplied by ministers from Frederick City, Middletown and Hagerstown, as Frederick City Lutheran Church was organized in 1737, Middle- town in the year 1755, and Hagerstown in the year 1770. The records of Middletown Lutheran Church show that Rev. Johann George Graeber officiated occasionally at Boonsboro, Ringer's Church, and Sharpsburg in early times. From the records of our oldest inhabitants, we find that Revs. Schmucker and Kurtz preached regularly to this congregation, and they were ministers stationed at Hagerstown. The following is the list of the ministers stationed at Sharpsburg Lutheran Church from the year 1800 to the present time: Revs. Ravenock, Baughey, U. F. Schaeffer, Little, Schnay, John Winter, Peter Rizer, D. Oswald, George Diehl, William Hunt, John N. LTnruh, G. J. Martz, J. C. Lunger, I. J. Stine, Christian Startzman, Al- fred Buhrman, G. AV. Weills, George H. Beckley, 1871-1884, D. B. Floyd, 1892; Ellis H. J(mes, 1SS4-1891; J. W. Lingle, 1891- 1896, and the present pastor. Rev. A. A. Kerlin, since 1896. This quaint old building remained until the year 1864. Dur- ing the Battle of Antietam, September 7, 1862, it was shelled con- siderably. After the battle it was taken possession of and used by the Federal troops for a hospital, and filled with sick and wounded, b.v which use it was so much damaged as to render it totally unfit for worship. It was therefore torn down, and the ground exchaiiged for the site on which the present church edifice stands. The corner stone for the second church was laid Sep- tember 15, 1866. The building was dedicated May 28, 1869, the sermon on that occasion being preached by the Rev. Alfred Buhr- man, assisted by Revs. G. H. Beckley, G. W. Anderson, M. W. Fair, and Revs. Cronise and Wilson of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The second church was a poorly constructed building and in a few years began to show signs of decay. The walls began to give way, and it was deemed unsafe to worship in it. On Sunday, December 18, 1891, it was unanimously agreed by the pastor, vestry and members to l)uiUl a new church, to he known as The Memorial Lutheran C^hurch, to perpetuate the memorA' of the Federal soldiers, who fought and those who fell at tiie Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862. In the spring of 1892, the second church was torn down and preparations were made to erect a third church. The building committee were : Rev. J. W. Lingle and Messrs. George Hess, THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 485 John Benuer, Martiji E. Suavely, Jacob McGraw and William Earley. On September 17, 1892, the thirtieth anniversary of the Battle of Antietam, the corner stone was laid. The church is cruciform in design, with gothic windows and corner spire, 95 feet from base to top and is surmounted by a cross. The lecture room was finished and ready for worship December 25, 1898, and was used until the completion of the auditorium. The windows in the lecture room are memorials of aged departed members of the church. Dr. Christopher Cruss, whose name appears among the early vestrymen was a (lerman chemist and emigrated to this county from Germany al)()ut the time of the settlement of the town. He was associated witli James Rumsey in the construction of the first steamboat built in the United States. Matthias Need, another of the vestry, M'as a brave soldier in the war of the Revolution and participated in a number of battles, doing honorable service. He lies buried somewhere in an un- marked grave in the old Lutheran gravevard. LOCUST GROVE LUTHERAN (^IIURCH. LOCUST GROA'E, :\n). (Sharpsburg Charge.) Rev. A. A. KerJin, Pastor. This congregation is a part of the Sharpsburg charge. It has had the pastoral oversight of Rev. Mr. Kerlin for nearly a quar- ter of a century. The building in which the congregation worships was erected in 1844. The congregation is one of the most active country con- gregations in Washington County. From 1844 to 1878, it was served by the following pastors : Revs. William Hunt, John N. Unruh, G. J. Martz, J. C. Lunger, I. J. Stine, Christian Startz- man, Alfred Buhrman, G. W. Weills and George H. Beckley. In 1878, Rev. Beckley built a church at Rohrersville, one mile south of Locust Grove. This divided the congregation. Locust Grove was supplied by the Revs. Bobst, Xichol and Trump, pas- tors from Harper's Ferry, until 1884; then by Rev. Jones, of Sharpsburg, until 1891, and then by Rev. Lingle, of Sharpsburg, until 1896, when by action of Synod, it again became part of the Sharpsburg charge, which relation it sustains at present. Since September 1, 1896, the church has been served by Rev. A. A. Kerlin, 486 HISTOKV OF MARYI.AND SYNOD. TEIXITY LUTHEKAX (^IIUK("H, SMITHSBUKCi, :M1). (Smithsburg Charge.) Rev. Ferdinand Hesse, Pastor. The history of Trinity Lutheran Church of Smithsburg goes l)aek to 1822 or earlier. There was an organization prior to that time. The work in the neighborhood of Smithsburg was begun by Dr. Kurtz who was the pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church of Hagei'stown. He conducted services at Smithsburg in a schoolhouse for some lime before a church was built. The first church was begun in 1822. The corner stone was laid Whit-Monday, May 27, 1822. The clergymen present on this occa- sion were Benjamin Kurtz, Jacob Schnee, Jacob Medtart and Peter Ricksecker. Rev. Jacob Schnee delivered a discourse and Rev. Jacob Medtart preached a sermon From 1 Cor. 7 : 31. The church was built of stone and the name given to the congregation was " Dreieinigkeits Kirche," that is, "Trinity Church." The congre- gation was incorporated Decem- ber 26, 1825. At that time Trin- ity Church was part of the Smithsburg charge in connection with Waynesboro, Pennsyl- vania; Leitersburg, Maryland; Mt. Moriah at Foxville, Mary- land, and Beard's Church near Smithsburg. Waynesboro left the charge in the year 1840. The remaining four churches consti- tuted the charge until 1880, when Leitersburg and Beard's Avith- drew and constituted a separate charge. Then Trinity, Smiths- burg and Mt. Moriah formed a charge. In 1897 St. Paul's at Greensburg, Maryland, was made a part of the charge. There are now three churches in the charge: Trinity, Mt. Moriah and St. Paul's. In the year 1825 there were one hundred and fifteen members and by 1833 the membership had increased to one hundred and eightv. During Rev. P. Kline 's long period of service as pastor, Rev. Ferdinand Hesse. 488 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. lie roc('i\'ed into the cliureh one liuiidrcil and sixty-six. The lotiil membership was two hundred and sixty-eight when he left tlic church. Those most active at that ])eriod of the church were the foHowing' : Christoplier Fk)ry, Jolin Flory, John Etnoyer, Jacob Tritle, Peter Mong-, Jolin Welty, George Sigler, Conrad Flory, Adam Shank and David LudA-. The pastors in the order of their terms of services are these: Rev. Benjamin Kurtz was instrumental in organizing the con- gregation and Imilding the first cliureh and served as the pastor Mr. D. W. Bai:k])oll, Smithsl)iirg-, Md. Mr. E. B. Brown, Sinithsbiirg, Md. of the congregation until 1828. Rev. Samuel Hoshour, 1828-30; Rev. John Reck, 1830-32 ; Rev. John Philip Kline, 1833-46 ; Rev. John J. Remensnyder, 1846-51 ; Rev. Daniel Bittle, 1851-53 ; Rev. John Probst, 1853-56 ; Rev. John Heck, 1856, until his death March 11, 1861; Rev. William Eyster. 1861-65. who is still living at a very advanced age in Crete, Nebraska ; Rev. ^I. C. Horine, 1865-69 ; Rev. Samuel I\lcHenry, 1870-72 ; Rev. X. J. Richard- son, 1872 until the division of the charge in 1880, and he then be- came pastor of the new charge. Trinity, Smithsburg, and Mt. Moriah, from 1881 to 1887 : Rev. J. B. Keller, 1888-96 ; Rev. J. B. Killian, 1897-1901: Rev. D. S. Kurtz, 1901-1906: and Rev. Ferdinand Hesse, 1907 to the present. During the pastorate of Rev. J. J. Remensnyder the stone church was torn down and a new brick building erected. The corner stone of the new church was laid in the fall of 1851. and THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 489 the e'liurcli was coinpletcd and cleclicatecl Noveiul)er 21, IS.Vi. J)r. lieiijamiu Kurt/: who organized tlie cliureh thirty years before officiated, assisted by Rev. C. C. Culler, of Hagerstown, Mary- land. In 1870 the church was repaired, repainted, refurnished and otherwise improved under the pastoral oversight of Rev. S. Mc- Henry. The church was again repaired and refurnished under the pas- toral care of Rev. X. J. Richardson and reopened October 24, 1880. The church was again remodeled during Rev J. B. Keller's ad- ministration as pastor. The tower spire was erected, pulpit re- cess added, stained glass windows, panel ceiling, change of gal- lery and pews, pulpit furniture and other improvements made. The church was rededicated by the pastor May 10, 18:11. Trinity has sent some very useful men into the ministry. Three brothers, Martin, Joseph and William Baechtell, went to Gettysburg and entered the seminarA- a'hout the year 1842 ; David Jacob Eyler, 1850; Arthur Franklin Richardson, 1887; Rev. Lewis Bikle, D.D., 1858 ; Rev. Philip Bikle, D.D., 18G9 ; Rev. Gideon Brown, 1889; Rev. Charles Krauth Bell, D.D., 1898. Some of these men have completed their labors and have en- tered into their rest, while others are still faithfully tilling im- portant positions in the Master's work. The charge has had a parsonage since 1829. The present building was purchased in 1863. In 1910 the parsonage was im- proved by installing a hot water system and adding a bath room at a cost of $625. In 1915 a new porch was added to the building and the house wired for electric lights. With these modern con- veniences the parsonage has been made a comfortable home. The congregation built a Sunday school chapel in 1909. The building is of brick and is Gothic in design. It is heated by steam, is electric lighted and all of its appointments are modern and appropriate. There are three rooms, one for the main school, another for the primary department and the third appropriateh' furnished for general purposes, and is used by the Bible class and special meetings. The chapel was dedicated free of debt. A Moller pipe organ was installed in the church in 1913 at a cost of $1,700. A history of the charge was published by the pastor. Rev. Ferdinand Hesse, in 1912, and this will give more general in- formation to anyone desiring to learn more of the Smithsburg charge. 490 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. ST. rAULVS LUTHEKAX (TIUIK/H, GKEEXSBUKG, ^ill). (Smithsburg Charge.) Rev. Ferdinand Hesse, Pastor. A Lutheran Sunday school was oro-anized in the pulilie school- house of Greensburg', Maryland, near Edgeniont, Maryland, ]886 by Joseph Sleasman, W. D. Barkdoll and W. 0. Donaldson. The school was carried on successfully for four years in the school- house. About one hundred scholars were enrolled. Mr. Sleas- man was elected superintendent and sei'ved until his death, Jan- Mk. CmusTiAN' 1*. Leather, Greeiisburg, Md. Mu. Wii.LiAM Bakkdoll, Greeiisl)urg, Md. uary 10, 1917. Mr. D. M. Ridenour was elected to succeed him. Since the school was organized in 1886 only two superintendents ha^e served the school. On December 29, 1889, steps were taken to organize a congre- gation and this resulted in a new church organization for the community. On February' 9, 1890, a building committee of five was appointed to arrange for a new church. A lot was donated by C. P. Leather and the ground consecrated by Rev. J. B. Keller of the Smithsburg charge. The corner stone was laid April 2, 1890. The congregation was organized with thirty-two charter members and with twenty-nine dismissed from Trinity, Smithsburg. making sixty-one in all. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 491 The church was coiuph'tecl and dedicated 0('to])er ], 3890, Rev. Victor Miller officiating. At first the congregation was supplied by students from the Theological Seminary at Gettysljurg. The Rev. E. E. Ide was elected the first pastor and a call was extended to him 3.1ay, 1891, which he accepted June 22, 1891. Rev. E. E. Ide served St. Paul's congregation in connection with the Lutheran churches of Rouserville and Quincy, Penn- St. Paul's Lutheran Chukch, Greensbup;g, Md. sylvania. The latter two belonged to the West Pennsylvania Synod and St. Paul's Church being in ^laryland, this congrega- tion applied to the ^Maryland Synod for recognition and was re- ceived October 7, 1892. Therefore the annual report was made independent of the other two churches to the ]\laryland Synod. Rev. Ide served this church as regular pastor about two years. lie resigned in December. 1892, to take effect January 1, 1893. 41)2 HISTORY OF MARYLAXn SYNOD. Ill the I'iill ol' 1S9;^ Rev. .Joliii Adams was cicctcd pastoi" and re- itiaiiied until bis death, which occurred l)eeeinl)er 18. ]S9(). St. l^aul's Evangelical Lutheran Church was admitted into the Smithsburg charge March 6. 1897, thereby being separated from the churches of the West Pennsylvania Synod. The pastors that succeeded Rev. John Adams arc the same as those of Trinity of Smitlisburg, IMaryland. and ]\[t. ^NForiah, Fox\ille, ]\[aryland, which appear in their order under those histories, beginning with Rev. J. M. Killian who was elected July 4, 1897. Mr. Thomas A. Brown who lived to be nearly ninety-three years old and who was one of the charter members of this congre- gation remembered the churcli with an annual gift of $25 to con- tinue for fifty years after his tleath. This money to be used for the most necessary purposes of the St. Paul's congregation. ~Mv. AVilliam ShuU has also remembered the congregation with a gift that will be a permanent legacy. One young man has entered the ministry from this congrega- tion, the Rev. Samuel JMiller. of Greensburg. Maryland. He is preaching at present at AVest Arlington, Baltimore. ^Maryland. This congregation has measured up to the amount of benevolent work that the Synod has asked for the last twelve years. She has had a splendid growth until there are at present one hundred and seventeen members and a splendid Sunday school. MT. MORTAH LUTHERAX CHURCH, FOXYILLE, :\[D. (Smithsburg Charce.) Rev. Ferdinand Hesse, Pastor. The I\It. ]\roriah Lutheran Church was organized in 1829 by Rev. Samuel Hoshour. pastor of the Smithsburg charge. In the undertaking of the building of the church a general subscription was taken and three hundred and fifty-seven names appear on the subscription list. The contributions ariiounted to $751.98. The church was built on land donated by jNIr. George P. Fox. The lo- cation is a commanding one and can be easily reached from an}' part of the community. The first record of members is that by Rev. John Reck. It is a communion list. Beginning with his pastoral oversight the first church council was elected; therefore it is more than likely that he had much to do with the completion of the organization. In 1887 an additional piece of ground was bought from Mr. William Brown for twenty-five dollars. The church was rebuilt THE CHURCHES OE THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 493 ill 1887. The new church Wcis built of stone. Rev. X. J. Itichard- son was pastor at the time of the building. The cost of the build- ing was about $1,800. The church was dedicated on INIay 26. 1878. This church was burned and entirely destroyed on Easter afternoon, March 31, 1918. Plans have been laid for a new- church which will be the third church in this their history of a little less than a hundred years. Ever since this church has been organized it has formed a part of the Smithsburg charge ; therefore the pastors are the same for ]\Tt. IMoriah as those of T r i n i t >', Smithsburg: Rev. Samuel llos- hour, 1829-30; Rev. John Reck. 1830-32; Rev. John Philip Kline. 1833-46 ; Rev. John J. Remensny- tler, 1846-51 ; Rev. Daniel Bittle. 1851-53 ; Rev. John Probst, 1853- 56 ; Rev. John Reck. 1856 until his death ]\[arch 11. 1861; Rev. William Eyster, 1861-65, Avho is still living at a very advanced age in Crete, Nebraska ; Rev. j\[. C. Ilorine, 1865-69; Rev. Samuel McUenry. 1870-72; Rev. X. J. Richardson. 1872 until the division of the charge in 1880. and he then became pastor of the new charge, Trinity, Smithsburg, and ]\It. INIoriah, from 1881 to 1887 ; Rev. J. B. Keller. 1888-96; Rev. J. B. Killian. 1897-1901; Rev. D. S. Kurtz, 1901-1906 ; and Rev. Ferdinand Hesse. 1907 to the present. Mu. Thomas C. Fox, I'oxville, I'a. WAYNESBORO LUTHEKAX CHUKC^H, WAYNESBORO, PA. Rev. J. M. Francis, D.D., Pastor. About the year 1791 Frieden's (now Jacob's) Church was or- ganized. This church building was located four miles south of the present site of AVaynesboro, Pennsyh'ania. The original charge consisted of Greencastle. Grindstone Hill. Jacobs and Smithsburg churches, and the Rev. John Ruthrauff became pas- tor of this charge in the year 1795. The exact date of the organi- zation of the Lutheran Chui'ch of Waynesboro is not known. The probability is that Rev. Ruthrauft" preached here as early as 1800. in the log schoolhouse near the toll gate that stood at the east end 4!)4 HISTORY OF aiAKYLAND SYNOD. of the town. 'I'lir Lutherans, Presbyterians and German lle- t'ormed eongreg'ations undertook in 1807 the erection of a ITjiion Church upon ground donated by John Wallace the founder of Waynesboro. This church was built of brick and not completed until the summer of 1818. It was at tlie comjiletion and dedica- tion of this building that the first records of baptism and com- municants were made by Rev. Ruthrauff, and the probability is that the organization was effected about this time. According to these records sixty-six persons received the communion. Rev. Ruthrauff was an able and vigor- ous preacher, his parish extending from mountain to mountain. His ministry at Waynesboro con- tinued until 1828, laying strong and broad the foundations of our Church. In 1828 the Waynesboro Lu- theran Church was detached from the Greencastle charge, and a new jiastorate was formed, consisting ^^mi <»f Waynesboro, Smithsburg and ^^^H J^^ ju'obably Beard's and Leitersburg ^^^^^ , JI^^^^ Churches. The pastor. Rev. Sam- ^^^^B Ajllll^l^^^^^l >iel K. Iloshour, resided at ^^^^M^i^^^^^^^^^H Smithsburg, and the charge ^^H^^^ ^H^^^^^H connected w h h e IMaryland Synod. This pastoral arrange- Mr. Daniel Hooveii. ment continued thirteen or four- teen years, until 1841. Rev. Hoshour introduced the English language in the services of the church. In 1880 the first church building was taken down and a second one erected on the same ground. The Lutherans and Pres- byterians used it on alternate Sundays. This building is still standing on Church Street, and is now owned and occupied by the Church of the Brethren, formerly known as the German Bap- tists. In 1831 Rev. Hoshour resigned. He was succeeded by Rev. John Reck, whose ministry continued until 1834, and in the same year he was succeeded by Rev. John P. Cline. In the spring of 1839 a vigorous Sunday school was organized in the Union Church, the first successful and permanent Sunday school in Waynesboro. Rev. Cline served as pastor for about six years. In 1841 a new pastorate was formed, consisting of Waynesboro, Jacobs, Quincy, and (for a time) Funkstown Churches. Rev. Frederick W. Conrad became the first pastor of the newly con- THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 495 stitiited charge in June, 1841, and Avas the first Lutheran pustor to reside in Waynesboro, lie resigned in 184-1. In 1845 Rev. John Reek became pastor, and continued as such for eleven years. From April, 1857, to the close of 18G2, Rev. John F. Campbell served as pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. Edwin Dorsey in 1863. After a few months incumbency he died, and was succeeded in the spring of 1864 l)y Rev. Alfred Buhr- man. lie served the charge for seven yeni's. resigning in the The Lutheran Church of Waynesboro, Pa. si)ring of 1871. During his ministry, in 1869. the union that had existed between the Presbyterian and Lutheran eoiigregations was severed and the first Lutheran church was erected on the site of present church building at a cost of $11,000 and the Lutherans of Waynesboro foi- the first time worshiped in their own church. In 1871 Rev. C. L. Keedy became pastor serving until 1875. and resigning to take charge of Kee Mar College. Rev. Peter Berg- stresser became pastor in 1876 and remained until 1887. In 1885 the church Avas remodeled at a cost of about $9,000. In 1886 the Young AVomen's Alissionary Society was organized. On the first of Januar3% 1888, Rev. Herman S. Cook became pastor of the church, and continued until October 31, 1899. Sev- eral extensive revivals added large numbers to the church, the in- debtednesis on church and parsonage was liquidated, the Woman 's o P M a H fJ O W o pq as o o a ^ z cog K X > S^. <^ c« W »i- ►-• .So ^ y M w * -n ^ ^ W ci "• ~j » (« /^ K -I THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 497 Home and Foreign Missionary Society and the Christian En- deavor Society organized. In 1898 the individual communion cups were used for the first time. Rev. C. H. Roekey became pastor February 1, 1900. During his pastorate the present Lutlieran church was erected at a cost of $52,000. and the parsonage was built in 1906. Rev. Roekey resigned June 18, 1911. He was succeeded by Rev. A. A. Kelly, December 15, 1911. During his ministry of four years and three months the church was entirely freed from debt. He resigned IMarch 28. 1916. July 9, 1916, the bond that had existed for more than one luui- dred years between the Waynesboro Church and Jacobs Church was severed. On September 1. 1916. the Rev. J. M. Francis. D.D., became the fifteenth [)astor of this chur^-h. I 'nder his ministry the church continues to prosper and has now a membership of over thirteen hundred souls, and a church property valued at $90,000. At least three sons of this congregation have entered the min- istry: Rev. Julius F. Seebach, now of Hollidaysburg, Pennsyl- vania ; Rev. C. A. Eyler, now of Collingswood, New Jersey, and Rev. Dixon Geiser. Mr. Clarence A. Neal is now in the Seminary preparing for the ministry. Accompanying this sketch is a picture of ^Ir. Daniel Hoover. He is worthy of special mention. He was a resident of Waynes- boro from 1865 until his death on November 17. 1904. He was the father of eight children, four of whom died in infancy. The surviving children are Ira N.. Dr. Percy D., Roy J. D., and ]\rrs. J. E. Byers, wife of Rev. J. E. Byers, pastor of Glrace Lutheran Church in Baltimore. All the children were baptized in infancy by Lutheran ministers and of the four living, Tra N. and Dr. Percy D. are members of the Church Council. Roy J. D. is a consistent and active mem])er of the church at Waynesboro and ]Mrs. Bj^ers is a member of Grace Lutheran Church in Baltimore. Daniel Hoover was a loyal member of the Lutheran Church at Waynesboro for forty-nine years. He was active in church work until his death. He filled practically every official position in coniiK'tion with the church, and was on \hv building coiamittec; during ihv construction of the present church edifice. He was deeply interested in the welfare of the charch and community and will be long remembered on account of his consistent life and good works. 32 498 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. ZIOX LUTHERAX (llUliril, WILLI A:\ISP0RT, MD. Her. J. S. EiujJiah, i'd.sh/r. Tliis orgauization had its beginning about the year 1791. Its early history is closely associated with St. John's Lutheran Church of Hagerstown. The pastors of that congregation were the pastors at Williamsport until 1827. The exact date of the or- ganization of this congregation is not given; but a ]ilan of incor- poration, was adopted by the congregation, January 9, 1807. There must have been, therefore, prior to the adoption of this plan of incorporation, a congregation and a church building at this place ; very probably the first church building, which was a small log structure, was erected in the last years of the eighteenth centur\'. The first pastor was the Rev. John George Sehmucker. He was pastor at the time of the adojnion of the plan of incorporation. The Rev. Mr. Sehmucker was suc- ceeded in the pastoral oiRce by the Rev. Solomon Schaeffer in June, 1814. After serving as pastor for two years, the Rev. Mr. Schaeffer was succeeded by the Rev. Benja- min Kurtz, who continued as pastor until 1820. The Rev. Fred- erick Ruthrauff then became pastor. He continued in the pas- torate until 1827. At this time the congregation was separated from the Hagerstown charge, and was united with the congrega- tion at CUearspring and St. Paul's, forming a new charge. The first pastor in the new charge was the Rev. John Winter, who began his work in Fel)ruary, 1828. During the pastorate of the Rev. IMr. Winter, the old log church was taken doM'u and a ueat substantial brick church was erected. This building was l)laced upon the foundation of the old church. The corner stone was laid in Jinie, 1829. The sermon on the occasion was preached in the woods adjoining the town. Eleven weeks after the corner stone was laid the new church was dedicated. The sermon on the occasion was preached by the Rev. S. K. Hoshour. The Rev. Mr. Eev. J. S. English. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 499 Winter continued as pastor for six years. After a vacancy of seven months the Re^". Simeon W. Harkey was called as pastor. He remained but one year. Then the Rev. Daniel Miller came into the charge. Mr. Miller remained but one year, resigning in August, 1837. During these two brief pastorates this congregation was sepa- rated from St. Paul and Clearspring, and was unable to give adequate support to the pastor. After a vacancy of one year and four raon.ths, tlie Rev. Christian Startsman was elected pastor in 1839. He remained eleven years and under his ministration the congregation increased in membership and had the largest pros- perity so far in its history. He was an earnest and devout preacher of the Gospel, and an ardent friend of revivals. Large numbers united with the churcli under his ministry, many of whom remained faithful through a long life. The next pastor was the Rev. Henry Bishop. He took charge in 1850 and continued in charge until 1855. He did not pursue the revival methods of the former pastor, and on this account some of those who had united with the church under the revival intluence withdrew. In January, 1855, the charge was again sup- plied with a pastor in the person of the Rev. William P. Greaver, a man of devout piety and earnest zeal. Under his brief ministry the church prospered. The congregation esteemed him highly for his work's sake. After a ministry of one year and nine months he died, and was buried in the cemetery at Williamsport. The successor of Rev. Mr. Greaver Avas the Rev. Joseph Bar- clay, a young man coming directly from the Theological Semi- nary. During his ministry the church building was enlarged and tastefully frescoed. He resigned the charge in August, 1859. On October 20, 1859, the Rev. Christian Lepley became pastor. He continued in the ])astorate for five years. The Rev. JMr. Lepley made an earnest effort during the first years of his ministry here to pay the indebtedness of the congregation, but the Civil AVar coming on, differences of opinion arose, causing bitterness of feel- ing and alienations, in the church as well as in the social life, and he did not succeed in his efforts. His ministry during the years of the war was very unpleasant and unsuccessful. The church building was used for some time as a hospital for the sick and wounded soldiers. Other churches of the town were used for the same purpose. These other churches received liberal compensa- tions from the Government for damage but the Lutheran Church has received nothing. The reason given for this was that there were those belonging to the church who were disloyal to the Gov- ernment. 500 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. After a vacancy of more than a year, the Rev. S. Jesse Berlin was elected pastor, November 1, 1865. He found the congregation very much scattered and distracted. He labored to unite the membershi]) ai;ain, to liciuidate the clnirch debt, to have repairs made to llu' cliui'di property, and to awaken a larger spirit of benevolence in the congregation. He was successful in |)ayiiig the debt, a portion of which had been resting upon the congi'ega- tion since the church was built in 1829 ; and in his etforts in other directions for the welfare of the church he was in a large measure successful. The Re\'. Mr. Berlin resigned the charge in December, 1866. The Rev. M. L. Culler was the next pastor. He received a unan- imous call, March 1, 1867. He was an earnest a n d d e v o u t ])reacher of the Gospel and a zeal- ous pastor. He added sixty-four to the membership of the church ill the two years and nine months of his pastorate. The church property was repaired, the benev- olent otferings were much in- creased, and the spirit of church love was more largely manifested. In 1870 St. Paul's congregation withdrew from the Williamsport charge, leaving this congregation to form a charge by itself. The Rev. W. D. Stroble. D.D., Ix^came pastor in April. 1871. Prior to his coming the parsonage had been repaired and enlarged at a cost of i|^800. Dr. Stroble was successful in his ministry here. After a pastorate of three years h(^ resigned. For a short time the congregation was supjilied temporarily by the Rev. Dr. ^Ic- Cron. of the Hagerstown Female Seminary. In April. 1874, the Rev. J. 11 Keller became pastor. His w^as the longest pastorate up to that time in the history of the congre- gation. It continued from 1874 to 1886, a period of twelve years. During this period the membership was largely increased and a "Dime Society" was organized and kept in successful operation. AH indebtedness of the congregation was paid oflt*; the offerings for benevolence and current church work were largely increased. The connnunicant membership at the time of Rev. IVfr. Keller's resignation iinmbered one hundred and tiftv-six. Mr. John D. Byeks, Williamsport, Md. THE CHURCHES OF THE WESTERN CONFERENCE. 501 The Rev. Charles M. An rand was the nc^xt |)ast()r. He took charge May 1, 1886, resigning December 81, 1889. At the be- ginning of his pastorate he introdiieecl the inll service of the Lu- theran Church without oi)position. During the suimner of 1887 the church building was extensively repaired and a Sunday school room was provided at a cost of more than three thousand dollars. The bell was presented by jNIr. Ripple. At the meeting of the ^Maryland Synod, which convened in this church in October, 1887. the rededication of the church too]< ]:)lace. The sermon was preached by the Rev. J. G. IMorris, D.D. A AYoman's Home and Foreign ^Missionary Society was organized. The society con- tinues at this day to do most efficient work for missions. After a vacancy of nine months the Rev. M. D. Gaver was called as pastor. He took charge September 3, 1890. The ground east of the church was purchased in the autumn of 1896 for three hun- dred dollars. A Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor was organized duriTig the summer of 1891. The church building was again repaired in 1897. In the summer of 1901 a new par- sonage was built. The ])uilding cost about $2,800. The Rev. D. Upton Bair. Ph.D.. became pastor June 1, 1910, and served through a very successful pastorate to July 1, 1919. During the first year of his pastorate a new pipe orgaii was pre- sented to the church in memory of his sainted wife by W. D. Byron. In 1911 a new church was begun. The dedication took place August 18, 1912. The church was dedicated free of debt and without solicitation for funds on dedication day. The church is a handsome sti'ucture of Gothic style, built of light brick, with gray-stone trimmings, is 115 feet in length, in- cluding an auditorium fifty by fifty feet with seating capacity of three hundred fifty. The main Sunday school room is on the same floor in the rear and is divided into class rooms. It com- municates with the auditorium by means of a large lifting door and the combined seating capacity for .-.pccial occasions is over six hundred. The Primary department occupies a room over the Sunday school room and is light and airy. Beneath the Sunday school room is a spacious department designed for socials. The cost of the church to the congregation is over $16,000 and to- gether with memorials, all windows, altar, pulpit, lectern, bap- tismal font. etc.. represents a cost of about $20,000. In September, 1916, the congregation celebrated its 125th anni- versary with a week's services and had all living pastors and sons of the church in the ministry present. 502 HISTORY OP maryijAND synod. Dr. Bail' was succeeded by the Rev. J. S. Eiiglisli, wlio took charge of the pastorate on November 1, 1919. The congregation has furnished three candidates for the (los- pel ministry in this first century of its histoiy. These ai-e tlic Rev. M. L. Beard, the Rev. Albert Bell, of York, Pa., and the Rev. Edward Byers, of Baltimore. CHAPTER XVII. THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAX CHURCH, CUMBERLAND, MD. Eev. M. L. Enders, Pastor. St. Paul's English Luthoraii Church, formerly known as "Christ's English Lutheran." v.as organized INIay 11, 1794. The original constitution written in the German language is still preserved, though yellow with age, and is signed by twelve persons, viz: Frederick William Lange, Pastor; Nicholas Ley- l)erger, John Rice, George Rizer, Andrew Harry, Christian Brote- marlde, George Shuck, Christian Kohlhalfer, Frederick Loch, Jacob Valentine, John Cramer. Jacob Gauner. Having been duly organized, the congregation on May 20, 1791, purchased an acre of land for the sum of fifteen pounds ($72.80) which is valued to-day at more than a million dollars. The pres- ent church stands upon part of the original purchase and is con- sidered the most valuable site in the city and at present is valued at more than $125,000. In the same year, 1794, a small log church was erected which was used by German and English Lutherans for worshii). Like- wise it Mas the place of worship for both the Episcopalians and Presbyterians until the year 1830. It is interesting to note here that the old bell still used in call- ing to worship the present membership, was in these bygone da>'S used by the Protestant and Catholic alike in the tolling for the death of a member of their respective congregations. . The town at this time had less than thirty houses, so that the church stands as one of the oldest factors in Cumberland's de- velopment. The following pastors served this historic Lutheran congrega- tion: Rev. Frederick William Lange, 1794-1805; Rev. John George Boettler (English. Butler), 1805-1816; Period without pastoral care, 1816-1819 ; Rev. C. F. Heyer, 1819-1824. One word as to our revered "Father Heyer." After serving this congregation faithfully he answered the call of his IMaster and as the first English Lutheran Missionary, was sent to India where he labored for upwards of eighteen years. ' Period Avithout pastoral care, 1824-1825 ; Rov. Nathan B. Lit- 503 r>04 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYXOD. tic. lS2(i-1829; Hev. II. Ilaverstiek, 1829-183:^; Rev. John Keli- ler. 183:5-1841 ; Key. Jesse Wiiieeoff. 184M844. Here oci-urs the liistory of biiihling tlie tirsl briek cliurcli in Cunil)erland. The corner stone Mas laid in 1842. An interesting story is connected therewith. One of the vestryiuen wanted the church ten feet longer than the others ])lanned it, so without a word to anyone this shrewd A'estryman got np one night and put St. Paul\s Lutheran Church, Cumbei;laxd, Md. the stakes ten feet forward. The mistake was not discovered nntil the builders were ready for the roof. The church completed was ten feet longer. Rev. S. D. Finckel. 1844-1847; Rev. J. A. Seiss. 1847-1852. During the pastorate of Dr. Seiss the Germans withdrew and built their present church home, now known as the St. Luke's Evangelical Lutheran Church. Rev. John Francis Campbell. 1852-1857: Rev. A. J. Weddell, 1857-1868; Rev. H. C. HoUoway, 1868-1879; Rev. J. Q. McAtee, 1879-1884; Rev. J. W. Finkbiner. 1884-1894: Rev. T. J. Yost 1895-1902. Psi .Q^f^ m P gSS Xfl '"5 ° O -« . Ei § 506 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. During llio closinu' juirt of llic ]);is1()i';il(' of Rev. J. W. Fink- biner, tlie })reseiit clmi-eh buikliiiti' was Ix-gim tiiul during the pastorate of Rev. T. J. Yost the huikling was conijileted and dedi- eated. Rev. J. W. MeCauley, 1902-1910. During the pastorate of Rev. J. W. ]\IeCauley the entire debt on the new church was paid and the benevolences of the congre- gation greatly increased. Rev. M. L.'Enders, 1910. During the present pastorate the entire church has been reno- vated, the Sunday school room refurnished, Lutheran archi- tectural arrangement of chancel introduced, organ chimes added to the equipment, and a commodious parsonage bought, represent- ing an outlay of $18,000, all of w^hich is paid. To-day it may be truthfully said that St. Paul's is stronger than ever before in her 125 years of history and stands as one of the leading churches of the Maryland Synod. Both in benevo- lence and in local affairs she more than meets all obligations. ST. LUKE'S luthera:^^ church, CUMBERLAND, MD. ReiK C. F. Bergner, Pastor. There are many instances in the history of the Lutheran Church in our country in which English congregations have been formed out of German congregations, but St. Luke's history is unique in that it was organized as a German congregation with- drawing from an English congregation. St. Luke's Church was organized in January, 1838. For a de- cade previous to that the Germans had been settling in Cumber- land in considerable numbers. As they were Germans they at- tached themselves to the only Lutheran Church in the city, which was St. Paul's. But all the services at St. Paul's at this time were in English. This language the newly arrived Germans did not understand. But the pastors of St. Paul's of that early period were more or less able to minister in the German language, and so they gave the German members of St. Paul's occasional services in German and performed ministerial acts for them in that language. This arrangement, it seems, was not always satis- factory to the English-speaking element in St. Paul's. As the number of Germans increased they organized into a sep- arate congregation in 1838 under the leadership of the Rev. John Kehler and held their services in St. Paul's Church but in the THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 507 afternoons. In 1S42 wlicn tlic old log clini'ch l^ecarne too small for St. Paul's the German eongregation eoiiperated in the Imikl- ing of the new Itriek ehiireh. Two years later the Rev. Samuel Finkel held a confirmation service in German and coniirmed a class of eighteen. But the next pastor of St. Paul's could not preach in the German language and the German congregation was obliged to call their own pastor. Rev. Peter Reizer of Som- erset, Pennsylvania, accepted their call. On New Year's Day, 1848, the German congregation was noti- fied by the vestrj^ of St. Paul's that they would no longer he per- mitted to conduct services in St. Paul's Church. This was a severe blow to the little flock; they now had their own shepherd but no place to worship. But it hap- pened that the attention of the mayor of the eity, the Hon. Thomas Shriver, was accidentally directed to the plight of his Ger- man citizens. He immediately called their leading men into his office, suggested to them that they build their own church, and of- fered to donate them the site for the church aiul the stones from his own quarry for its construc- tion. The offer was accepted with enthusiasm and the new building was soon in the course of construc- tion. Most of the work was done by the members of the congre- gation themselves. On June 1, 18-48, less than five months after the separation from St. Paul's the corner stone of the new church was placed. The ])uilding was completed and dedicated March 17, 1850. At the same time that this church was being built the German Roman Catholics were also engaged in the building of a church. To encourage both operations the city council voted a town clock to the church which should be completed first. This offer pro- voked a spirit of friendly rivalry. The Lutherans won the race. Thus the German Lutheran Church came to be called the Town- Clock Church. The first pastor, the Rev. Peter Reizer, resigned in 1819 and was succeeded by the Rev. Conrad Schwankoosky who served the congregation until 3852. Rev. Casimer Bauman was pastor from Rev. C. F. Bergner. 508 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. 18r)2 to us:);"). Then I'oIIowmmI Rev. Daniel .Meier. 1855-1858. The first long pastorate was that of the Rev. George H. Vosseh^r, who served from November 1, 1858, to December 1. 1866. During this period important improvements were made to the church prop- erty and the cemetery and a set of chimes was instaUed. From December, 1866, to June. 1867, the congregation was served bv tlie Rev. C. F. Heyer. better known as Father Hever. ti'T. Luke's Lutheran Church, Cumbehlam), Md. He was in this country at that time on furlough from liis mission at Guntur. India. At the age of seventy-four he rendered most acceptable service to this congregation. lie later returned to India. It is of interest to note that while Father Heyer was pas- tor of the church the celebrated Henry Ward Beecher preached in the pulpit of St. Luke's. Reaching Cumberland on a Saturday night and declining to pursue his journey further on the Lord 's Day he visited St. Luke's Church and accepted the invitation to preach for the congregation in the evening. Rev. F. W. Conradi was next chosen pastor and ministered from June. 1867, to April. 1885. From May. 1885. to May, 1891. the Rev. C. F. Giese. D.D.. filled the pastoral office. Dr. Giese was a man of marked ability and profound spirituality, also a preacher of note, being active in general benevolent work in the city of Cumberland. THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 509 Dr. Giese was succeeded by the Rev. Otto Rappolt, 1891, to 1895. After Rev. Rappolt 's resignation the congregation called the Rev. C. E. Raymond. He was called for the express purpose of introducing services in the English language. On June 1. 1901, the church became vacant once more. After several months of vacancy, during which time the pulpit was filled by the Rev. Professor E. J. Wolf of the Gettysburg Seminary, the congrega- tion called the Rev. J. Braren. Pastor Braren sewed the congre- gation from 1901 to 1911. During his pastorate the beautiful stone steps in front of the church were erected and the exterior was painted. On .March 81. 1912, the present pastor, the Rev. C. F. Bergner. was called to St. Luke's from Zion Lutheran Church in AVashing- ton. D. C. In 1914 the congregation purchased the splendidly located lots on the corner of Bedford and (Columbia Streets for ;|^18,500 as a building site. Plans for a most haiulsome church edi- fice have been completed l)ut war conditions have pre\ented the beginning of work up to this time. ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, CUMBERLAND, MD. Erv. C. R. Boffiford, Pastor. St. John's Church is the outcome of a mission in the southern part of the city. This section has developed rapidly in the last twenty-five years, and the enterprising Lutherans of the uptown churches felt the imperative need of a mission, if our people were to be cared for. The moving spirits in the venture were Rev. J. W. Finkbiner, then pastor of St. Paul's; H. A. Ilensy, of St. Luke's; and A. H. Amick. of St. Paul's. The first meeting was held August 3, 1890, in a dwelling house on Virginia Avenue. A Sunday school was organized with H. A. Hensy as superintend- ent. The meml)ership of the school at its beginning was seventy- seven, and from that time to this the work has continued with ils pei'iods of depression and advancement. A lot was purchased aliout one year after the organization of the school at the corner of Fourth and Arch Streets, the present site of the congregation's home. The lot adjoining was donated by Messrs. Amick, Henderson, and Aliller. There is no record of the formal organization of the church, but the church was incorporated October 22, 1892, by John W. Finkbiner, Arthur H. Amick. Thomas B. Whaley, John j\I. Roth, John E. Smith, and H. A. Hensy. These men are still living with 510 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. the exception of John E. Smith, who died Febniarv 11, 1919, highly honored for his devotion and loyalty to the church tlironghont all her history. John M. Koth is the only one of the incorporators now a member of the churcli. Tie and all his fam- ily have been most faithful members of the congregation. Our good brother is an honorary member of the Church Council, elected for life. A little frame church was erected on the two fine lots during 1893. This gave the new organization a permanent home and made possible the gathering of a local church membership. Up to this time most of the work was done by members of St. Paul's and St. Luke's Churches. The new pastor was the Rex. Edgar Sutherland, who began his labors April 1, 1S96. The pastor Avas a young man and wrought faithfully in the fertile field until September 30, 1902. The church was a mission in care of the Boards. The Rev. L. A. INIann. D.D., ac- cepted the charge April 1, 1903. The pastor was up in years and surprised the whole congregation by the splendid results he secured. The plowing and harrowing and the seeding by the faithful ones of the early days lu'ought forth a glorious fruitage under the care of the devoted man of God. The present structure was erected and the church brought to self-support. The corner stone of the building was laid August 9, 1903, aud the house of God was dedicated April 17, 1904. Revs. Geo. W. Enders, D.D., York, Pennsylvania ; C. S. Trump, D.D., Martinsburg. West Virginia, and P. R. Wagner, of Frost- burg, Maryland, wci-c the miiusterial visitors on the day of dedi- cation. Revs. J. Wm. ]\IcCauley, St. Paul's; J\r. L. Young. Ph.D., St. Stephen's, and J. S. Braren, St. Luke's, the local Lutheran clergymen, were all present on the glad occasion. Dr. Mann con- tinued his labors until April, 1908, passing ou to his eternal re- ward a few months after his resignation. His widow, his daugh- ter, and two of his sons, with their farailies, are active and de- voted members of the church to this day. The third pastor was the Rev. W. Edgar Pierce a > oung man. Eev. C. R. Botsfokd. THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 511 He rendered special service. As a preacher he was very popular, filling the church with interested listeners and doing a substantial work. During his pastorate the large and comfortable parsonage was erected. He began his service October 1, 1908, and resigned the charge May 15. 1911. June 1, 1911, introduced the Rev. W. G. ^linnick as pastor of the charge. For three years he filled the position to the edifica- St. John 's Luthekax Church, Cumberland, Md. tion of the people and to the steady advancement of the con- gregation. In 1914 he resigned the charge and removed to Bal- timore. The Rev. Frederick W. Barry took up the work of St. John's June 15. 1911, and continued as pastor until July, 1918. During his aai'sunage luiYC increased the beauty tlie eonvenience of the house of God and the pastor's home. Jehoiada's Chest has been erected ;is a perniani'iit institution for the yatherinu' of fluids on account of buikling and rei^nir. The people are suj^porting it enthusiastically. St. John 's at present has a coni- iiuinicant membership of two hun- dred and tweutj^-tive. Her Sun- (hiy school has an enrollment of Iwo hundred and eighty-five. Her field is very promising. The jiresent superintc^ideiit of the Suiuhiy school is J. W. Smith, whose picture is given herewith. He succeeded in this office his brother George. These faithful worlvcrs are the sons of John E. Smith, one of the founders, whose service is referred to above. An- other son, Harry L., is a promi- member of the church and one of the commissioners of the Mk. J. W. Smith, Cumberland, Md. ST. PAUL'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, FROSTBURG, MD. Rev. H. II. Bfidlcman, J'asfor. This church dates its l)eginning from the establisliment of Frostburg as a town, about the year ]812. This church is the pioneer church organization of Frostl>urg. Tt appears that as early as 1812, when Rev. John George Butler was serving the English Lutheran Church at Cuml)erland, the Lutheran people of tliis community were gathered ])y him in wluit was then known as the ''Old Neff IMeeting House,'' and there, under liis direction, formed themselves into a congregMtion. Mr. Butler was a very popular minister, and cYcn the scattered members of other denominations became regular attendants upon his preaching, and the work of the church grew rapidly and con- stantly under his hand. He continued to serve the congregation with great acceptance until his advanced age and infirmities com- ])elled him to resign about the year ISIG. P^rom the found;ition of the cliurch bv Rev. Butlei' in 1S12, THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 513 until sometime about the j^ear 1842, our church was connected with the Cumberland charge. Consequently preaching services were held on an average only once every two weeks at any single point in the charge. The ministers had their regular posts of duty, and the manner of meeting their engagements, or filling their appoint- ments, was bv what has since come to he known among our ]Metho- St. Paul 's Lutheran Church and Parsonage, Frostburg, Md. dist brethren as "circuit riding." Beginning at Cumberland they would preach all along the National Eoad to a point about ten miles beyond the "Glades," where Oakland now stands, and on their return would preach again at the same points. In spite of hard travel and severe weather conditions, our ministers ap- pear to have discharged their duties faithfully and well. Rev. C. F. Heyer took charge of Cumberland and therefore of Frostburg in 1819 and continued as pastor of the charge until 1825. spending here six years of his young manhood. By those who knew him he was considered one of the most remarkable men of his day. Following Rev. Heyer came the Rev. N. B. Little, who was pastor of the congregation for the four years between 1825 and 1829. The successor to Rev. Little was the Rev. Henry Haver- stick, whose pastorate covered the three years between 1829 and 1832. Next was Rev. John Kehler, whose services extended over 33 THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 515 the nine years between 1832 and 1811. During his ministry the place of Avorship was changed frojn the old Neff building to the ' ' old log schoolhouse ' ' \\liieh stood ' ' over the hill on the National Road." It was during the pastorate of the next pastor, Rev. Jesse Winecoff, in 1843, that the Frostburg Church separated from the Cumberland Church. Rev. Christian Lepley was chosen as the successor of Rev. Winecoff, who continued as pastor at Frostburg but a short time after the division. Mr. Lepley took charge April 1, 1843. This is now the beginning of the really active period of the English Lutheran Church of Frostburg. In 1846 the membership had grown to such an extent that the church now owned and used by the German Evangelical congregation was built, and upon its comjiletion was declared to be "the finest edifice in town." Mr. Lepley ceased his pastoral relations towards the close of the vear 1855. As ]\Ir. Lepley followed ]\Ir. Winecoff as pastor in 1843, so Mr. Winecoff'. in turn succeeded Mr. Lepley in 1855. He was in charge of the congregation for the three years between 1855 and 1858^ With the advent of the Rev. Frederick Benedict a new depar- ture was again made. He inaugurated the movement which cul- minated in the locating of the property of the congregation where it is at present. The corner stone of the new edifice was laid in 1860, but the building was not completed until a few years later, its construction having been somewhat retarded by the Civil War. When it was completed Rev. Reiu^lict was no longer pastor. His relation as such had terminated sometime in 1860. aiul in Decem- ber of that year Rev. A. H. Aughe succeeded him. Following Rev. Aughe came Rev. Henry Bishop who began his labors about August 1, 1866. Rev. Bishop continued with the congregation until sometime in 1870, and it is worthy of note that during his stay in the field a number of important changes were made, among them being the introduction of the liturgy into the church service, the formation of a church choir, the estalilishment of a Sunday school lil)rary. and the organization of the Primary department in the Sunday school. Rev. D. L. MacKenzie was next called. He entered upon the discharge of his duties September 1, 1871. During his time of service the church was refurnished, remodeled and other^vise im- proved. In September, 1874, the church was de.stroyed by fire, which also destroyed a large portion of the town in the immediate vicinity, the parsonage being saved from the flames after a hard struggle. Work was immediately begun in rebuilding the church, 516 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. and the lower room or basement was soon ready for the use of the congregation. Rev. IMacKenzie served the congregation seven years and was succeeded by Rev. P. L. Harrison on August 1, J 878. During his pastorate the audience room and upper portion of the church building were finished. Rev. W. A. Shipman followed in order, his pastorate beginning October 1, 1883, and continuing luitil sometime in 1886. He was a very popular preacher. Rev. Charles H. Butler, of Washington, D. C, served as supply for the congregation during the year 1887. Rev. E. C. Jessup, since affiliated with the Swedish Lutherans of Illinois, was the next pastor. His term of office began January 25, 1888. and ended ^Nlay 24, 1889, continuing only sixteen months. Rev. W. H. Jordy fol- lowed for a still briefer pastorate, beginning August, 1889, and ending in May, 1890. Rev. C. A. Britt came in October, 1890. His work was characterized by progress along many lines. Reno- vation of both auditorium and Sunday school room, frescoing, interior painting, recarpeting, steam heating, and other evidences of prosperity are noted. An awakened interest in missions re- sulted in the organization of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society in 1897 and the Junior Mission Band in 1898. Rev. S. G. Hefelbower became pastor June 15, 1899. Although laboring, at first, under rather discouraging circumstances on ac- count of the extreme illness and death of his wife. Rev. Hefel- bower 's work was quite efficient during his brief pastorate. He awakened renewed interest and activity in the congregation. He resigned in order to take up his studies at German Universities, August 15, 1901. Rev. Frederick R. Wagner was called and ^vas present to take up the work immediately upon the departure of his predecessor. Among the material improvements during this pastorate may be mentioned the following: Steam heat in the parsonage, new Pri- mary school room and choir addition built with other repairs costing about $3,000. Also electric lights, painting of church and parsonage, replacing of fences and iron front gates, new floor in lecture room, kitchen range, pantry and other minor improve- ments. Rev. F. H. Crissman succeeded Rev. Wagner, becoming pastor in April, 1910. During the following summer two societies were organized; namely, a Young People's Society of Christian En- deavor, and a Young Ladies' Missionary Society. Rev. Crissman resigned in 1915. On June 6, 1915, the Rev. H. H. Beidleman, upon his gradua- tion from the Gettysburg Seminary, followed a unanimous call THE CHURCHES OF THE MOUNTAIN CONFERENCE. 517 to Frostbnrg. During his pastorate great changes have been made in the interior of the church. These include a new pulpit, lecturn, altar, baptismal font, cross, vases, alms-basin, Bible, altar-clothes, hymn-boards, memorial windows, art glass doors, carpet, indirect lighting, pipe organ, two silk flags, frescoing, renovation of Sunday school rooms, and painting of the exterior of both church and parsonage. In all over $1 1,000 was expended, making the "Pioneer Church of Frostburg" one of the most beautiful and well-equipped places of worship in our Synod. IMeanwhile a bronze tablet memorial to Father Heyer was un- veiled in 1917 and the clerical gown has been introduced into the services of the sanctuary. Rev. Beidleman enlisted in the services of the nation as a Lu- theran camp pastor during the recent World War and served in Washington, D. C, from April to October. 1918. The congrega- tion furnished twentv-four men for active service in the ranks. CHAPTER XVIII. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MINISTERS ORDAINED AND LICENSED BY THE MARYLAND SYNOD. 1820—1920. In the one luiiidred years of her existence the Syuocl has licensed or or- dained 316 men. Only three years have passed withont any admissions either to licensure or to ordination. These were 1829, 1868, and 1917. The living sons of the Synod are the subjects of the biographical sketches in the next chapter of this volume. In the following list I signifies "licensed" and o ' ' ordained. ' ' Ainsworth, John E., I. 1914, o. 1915, 56 Avon St., New Haven, Conn. Amick, G. W. W., o. 1S87, Middlcburg, N. Y. Anderson, G. W., o. 1853. Arnold, Clarence E., o. 1910, York, Pa. Augustine, I., I. 1863, Grand Island, Neb. Ayers, E. A., o. 1912, Purnell, Ky. B Eager, IT., I. 1829. Barclay, Joseph H., Z. 1857, o. 1858. Baughman, C. C, I. 1841, 1842. Baughman, Harry F., I. 1912, Pittsburgh, Pa. Beard, Martin L., 1. 1877, o. 1878. Beckley, J. G., I. 1857. Beidleman, Harry H., o. 1915, Frostburg, Md. Beiswangcr, George, I. 1894, o. 1895, North Manchester, Ind. Bell, Albert, I. 1880, o. 1881, 129 E. Maple St., York, Pa. Bell, Charles K., I. 1897, o. 1898, King's Mountain, N. C. Benedict, F., I. 1848. Bergstresser, Fuller, I. 1893, Middletown, Pa. Berry, L. W., I. 1860. Berry, William H., I. 1890, o. 1891, Glenside, Pa. Bikle, Charles G., I. 1894, o. 1895, Gloversville, N. Y. Bittle, D. F., I. 1S37. Bittle. J. Elmer, I. 1892, 423 South Ave., Wilkiusburg, Pa. Black, Luther S., I. 1890. Bobst, I. W., 0. 1879, 3809 N. Seventeenth St., Philadelphia, Pa. Borchers, H., I. 1839, o. 1840. Botsford, C. E., 1. 1897, Cumberland, Md. Bowers, George S., I. 1882, a. 1883, 126 N. Market St., Winchester, Va. Bowers, John C, o. 1896, Cantonsville, Baltimore, Md. Bowers, W. W., I. 1854, 1855, o. 1856. Bowersox, George E., I. 1912, Shrewsbury, Pa. Bowersox, H. T., J. 1910, 1433 W. Market St., York, Pa. Boyer, Edwin B., I. 1909, Carnegie, Pa. Boyer, H. D., ?. 1911, 1912, 1913, 1216 E St., N. E., Washington, D. C. Brauns, F. L., I. 1850. 519 520 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Bregenzer, Otto E., I. 1903, o. 1904, 31 Bank St., Bridgeton, N. J. Bridgman, ^. — ., I. 1844. Brockmaii, G. A., I. 1849, o. 1850. Browu, G. G. M., 1. 1887. Brown, James A., /. 1845, o. 1846. Brown, T. Shannon, /. 1881, Bnrlington, N. C. Brunning, H. H., I. 1860, o. 1861. Bncher, William G., I. 1892. Burgess, Ellis, I. 1892, 501 Vine St., Connellsville, Pa. Burk, A. Harrison, /. 1879, 1880, o. 1881. Butler, Charles H., I. 1887, 1888, o. 1889, 229 Second St., S. E., Washing ton, D. C. Butler, J. G., I. 1849, o. 1850. Byers, J. Ed., I. 1897, 2900 Guilford Ave., Baltimore, Md. C Clutz, Jacob A., I. 1871. o. 1872, Gettysburg, Pa. Coffelt, Harry F., I. 1908. Eouzerville, Pa. Conrad, F. W., o. 1841. Conradi, F. A., I. 1870. Crigler, John F., I. 1895, o. 1896, 408 N. Trvon St., Charlotte, N. C. Crist, G. W., 0. 1877. Cross, W. Morgan, I. 1896, Greencastle, Pa. Culler, C, I. 1843, o. 1844. Culler, Silas H., I. 1904, o. 1905, Seven Valleys, Pa. Cupp, Alexander, I. 1860, 1861, o. 1862. D Dean, Oscar C, I. 1910, o. 1911, 3705 Eoff St., Wheeling, W. Va. Deitz, Archibald E., I. 1891, 167 Congress St., Jersey City, N. J. Derr, Eoy V., I. 1912, Burnham, Pa. Derr, Samuel J., I. 1885, o. 1SS6, Hampstead, Md. DeYoe, Luther, oi 1889, 5300 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Diehl, G., o. 1840. Doty, E. W., I. 1901, o. 1902, Eochester, Pa. E Easterday, George H., I. 1903, o. 1904. Ebeling, Henry E., I. 1887. Eberling, Albert, l. 1863, o. 1864. Eichelberger, J. N., I. 1852. Eichclberger, L., I. 1828, o. 1831. Emerick, — . — ., I. 1845. Enders, M. L., I. 1901, o. 1902, Cumberland, Md. Englar, G. W., o. 1900, 6104 St. Marie St., Pittsburgh, Pa. Esensa, John, I. 1842. Evler, Clarence A., I. 1882, 143 Woodlawn Ave., Collingswood, N. J. Eyster, D., a. 1828. Eyster, W. F., I. 1841, o. 1842, Crete, Saline Co., Neb. Fahs, J. F., I. 1852, o. 1853. Fiery, Samuel M., I. 1877, o. 1878. Finekol, S. G., I. 1870, o. 1871. Fink, E. A., I. 1849. Fisher, C. L. F., 7. 1884, o. 1885. Fisher, J. H. C, Z. 1889, o. 1890, Mt. Pleasant, N. C. Floyd, D. B., I. 1875, o. 1876, Selinsgrove, Pa. Forthman, John, I. 1854, 1855, o. 1856. MINISTERS ORDAINED AND LICENSED. 521 Fouk, G., I. 1844, 1845. Prantz, J. Luther, I. 1894, o. 1895, Meyersrlale, Pa. Freas, William, Jr., I. 1903, 437 Fifth Ave., New York. Frey, William, I. 1864, 1865, Georgetown, Ohio. Friday, J. M., I. 1873, o. 1874. G Garland, D. Frank, o. 1891, 508 W. Fourth St., Dayton, Ohio. Gaver, Martin D., I. 1881, Orrville, Ohio. Gearhart, Eobert H., I. 1912, Thirty-fifth and Spring Garden Sts., Philadel- phia, Pa. Geiser, Dixon H., I. 1891. Gerhardt, — . — ., I. 1866. Gerstmyer, Henry L., I. 1903, Newville, Pa. Getty, G. Albert, I. 1893, 40 S. Duke St., York, Pa. Giustiniani, L., I. 1840. Gladhill, J. T., I. 1872. Goedeke, H., /. 1919, o. 1919, Guntur, India. Goertner, N. W., I. 1834, 1835, 1836. Graeber, Henry, o. 1821. Graef, Philip, /. 1872, o. 1873. Graefe, John E., I. 1914, Guntur, India. Graeflf, John, o. 1848. Graichen, L. George, I. 1882, Winehester, Va. Green\^ald, Emanuel, I. 1831. Griffith, S. R., o. 1863. H Hankey, Upton, I. 1861, 1862, n. 1863. Harkey, James M., I. 1846, o. 1847. Harkey, S., ?. 1834, 1835, o. 1836. Harkey, Sidney L., I. 1848. Harpster, John H., I. 1871, o. 1872. Harris, J. G., I. 1841. Harrison, William M., I. 1845. Hartman, Herbert H., I. 1903, 3431 Piedmont Ave., Walbr 'k, Baltimore, Md. Haseltine, Rutledge, /. 1896, o. 1897. Haverstiek, H., L 1830, o. 1831. Hay, C. A., I. 1843, o. 1844. Hay, Lewis, I 1877, o. 1878. Hays, C. E., I. 1909, 5342 Kingsessing Ave., Pliiladelphia, Pa. Heck, J., I. 1841. Heisler, Chas. W.. I. 1882, o. 1883. Henninghausen, F. P., ?. 1861, o. 1863, Idlewylde, Towi-on, Md. Hensel, W. E., I. 1912, o. 1913. Hering, Max, o. 1897, 402 Front St., Massillon, Ohio. Herter, George l 1834. Hess, C. W., I. 1900, 1901, oL 1902. Brunswick, Md. Heuser, William L., I. 1894, o. 1895, Newark, Ohio. Hightman, Frederick A., 1. 1904, Raspeburg, Md. Hines, C. J., I. 1906, o. 1907, 118 N. Highland Ave., Baltimore, Md. Hoffman, J. N., /. 1825, o. 1827. Hoffman, John U., I. 1857, 1858, 1859, o. 1860. Hoover, C. D., o. 1886. Hoover, D. S.. o. 1892. Hopkins, Edwin J., /. 1898, 1899, o. 1900. Horine, M. C, I. 1863, o. 1864. Hoshour, S., o. 1827. Huddle, John T., /. 1895, 738 Eleventh St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Hunt, William, I. 1843. 522 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Trie, Ernst, I. 1873, o. 1S74. Ide, E. E., I. 1890, o. 1891, 100 N. Payson St., BaHiniore, Md. J Jones, Cliarles S., I. 1897, o. 1898, Lykens, Pa. K Kaylioe, J. F. F., L 1884, 920 Bnchanan St., Nashville, Tenn. Keedv, R. M., /. 1863, 1864. Keil, William, I. 1822, o. 182.5. Keller, Emanuel, o. 1827. Keller, Ezra, o. 1837. Kemp, T. AV.. I. 1855, o. 1856. Kibler, Martin, I. 1822. Killian, J. M., o. 1897, Lnrich, Va. Kitzmever, J. Frederick W., I. 1892, o. 1893, 497 Neptune Ave., Coney Is- land, N. Y. Kline, Marion, J., 7. 1895, o. 1896, Altoona, Pa. Knape. — . — ., 1. 1841. Knatt, Martin, I. 1859. Knipple, J. G. C, I. 1914, o. 19l6, Manchester, Md. Koehler, John, o. 1821. Koser. J. G., o. 1905, R. R. No. 3, Ha^erstown, Md. Krauth, 0. P., o. 1821. Krauth. C. P., Jr., I. 1841, o. 1842. Kroh. K. P., 7. 1886. Kuehler, M., I. 1824. Kuhns, Luther M., J. 1885, 458 Saunders-Kennedy Bldg-., Omaha, Neb. Kuntz, — . — ., 1. 1841. Kurtz, Adolph, I. 1874, o. 1875. Lamott. P. M., I 1875, o. 1876. Lantz, Benj. R.. /. 1897, 208 S. Santa Fe Ave., Salina, Kan. Lazarus, P., o. 1864. Leatherman, Clarence G.. 1. 1902, Manchester, Md. Lehmanowskv, J. J., 1. 1835. Lentz, H. Max, 7. ISSO. Lilly, A. J., 7. 1851, o. 1852. Linsz, Auanst. 7. 1869, 1412 W. Tioga St., Philadelphia, Pa. Little, N. B., 7. 1823, o. 1827. Longanecker, A. R., 7. 1897, o. 1898. Loysville, Pa. Lowe, J. Edw., Jr., I 1910, Brookville, Pa. M Main, W. E., 7. 1888. 1890, o. 1891. Manken. Henry, 7. 1902, 1400 Tngraham St., N. W., Washinoton, D. C. Mann, W. C, 7. 1906, o. 1907, 212 Greenwood Ave., Emsworth, Pa. Martin, C, 7. 1837. Martz, Georsre J., 7. 1848, o. 1849. McAfee, Josiah B., 7. 1855, o. 1856. McCauley, Victor, o. 1898, Guntur, India. McChesney, Wm. R., 7. 1842. McDaniel,' Chas. T., 7. 1885, 204 Tenth St., Hoboken, N. J. Medtart, J.. 7. 1823, o. 1828. Metzgar, W. S. T., 7. 1876, o. 1877, Glen Gardner, N. J. Metzger, John L., 7. 1884. MINISTERS ORDAINED AND LICENSED. 523 Meyer, Frederick W., I. 1896, o. 1897, Lovettsville, Va. Millar, G. Wm., o. 3902, Gordon, Pa. Miller, D., I. 1836. Miller, Henderson N"., I. 1893, o. 1894, 130 Eembert Ave., Macou, Ga. Miller, Luther F., I. 1897, ok 1898, 219 N. Lakewood Ave., Baltimore, Md. Miller, 0. C, I. 1874, o. 187.5. Miller, S. J., I. 1899, o. 1900, 4102 Belview Ave., W. Arlington, Baltimore, Md. Miller, V., I. 1861, o. 1862, 909 Hamilton Blvd., Hagerstown, Md. Minnieh, Wim. G., I. 1892, o. 1893, 2027 St. Paul St., Baltimore, Md. Morris, J. G., I. 1826, o. 1827. Mullen, Albert O., I. 1893, o\ 1894, Spring Grove, Pa. Mullen, Philip H. E., L 1903, o. 1904, 7330 Sehoyer St., Swissvale, Pa. Mumford, Carl, I. 1905, 313 S. Elwood Ave., Baltimore, Md. Myers, L. F. M., I. 1895, o. 1896, Glen Rock, Pa. N Neudewitz, Eugene E., I 1895, 126 Mercer St., Jersey City, N. J. Ney, W. C, I. 1905, Newport, Pa. Nichols, J., /. 1884, o. 1885. Nieholl, W. D., /. 1889, o. 1890, 2429 E. Biddle St., Baltimore, Md. Nixdorff, George A., I. 1846, o. 1847. Nolte, C. H. W. A., I. 1914, o. 1915, Utica, N. Y. Null, Arthur G., I. 1904, Ellicott City, Md. O Oney, Elbert E., I. 1914, o. 1915, Kittanning, Pa. Oswald, Solomon, 1. 1S36, o'. 1837. Ott, J. W., I. 1899, Hagerstown, INld. Ottman, Emory E., 1. 1891, Richmondville, N. Y. Passavant, Wm. A., I. 1842, o. 1844. Patterson, Richard S., I. 1891, o. 1892, Woodsboro, Md. Patterson, Robert L., o. 1894, Sixth and Park Sts., Atcliison, Kan. Phifer, W. P., I. 1888. Phillipy, Norman G., o. 1913. Poffinberger, M. L., /. 1882. Poffiuberger, Reese S., I. 1904, o. 1905, E. E. No. 7, Frederick, Md. Pohlman, August, I. 1893, o. 1894, 5143 Eace St., Philadelphia, Pa. Probst, J. F., I. 1851, o. 1852. R Radamacher, G., /. 1866, o. 1867, 33 Harlow PI., Buffalo, N. Y. Eally, Wm. B., J. 1843. Reighard, I. C, I. 1890. Reimensnyder, C, o. 1846. Reitz, J. G., I. 1873, o. 1874. Eemsberg, W. L., I. 1876, Funkstown, Md. Rice, Clay E., I. 1913, Lionville, Pa. Rice, Elmer F., I. 1912, Duquesne, Pa. Eichard, Marion G., I. 1897, East Lansdowne, Pa. Richardson, A. F., I. 1887, o. 1888, Petersburg, Pa. Ries, L. F., o. 1907, 2051 Lawler St., Chicago, 111. Rietz, G. L., I. 1866, o. 1867. Eitter, Charles L., I. 1893, 124 W. Pine St., Mahanoy City, Pa. Eizer, Lawrence, I. 1847, 1848. Eizer, P., I. 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835. Eothrauf, Frederick, I. 1822, o. 1825. 524 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Rude, A. E., ?. 1842. Rudisill, M. L., o". 1918, R. R., Gettysburg, Ta. Ruth, F. J., I. 1830. S Sadtler, B., I. 1844. Saltzgiver, Willard E., o. 1915, Parkville, Md. Schaeffer, C. F., I. 1829. Schaeffer, G. F., I 1863. Schaeffer, William C, I. 1870, o. 1871, Knoxville, Tenn. Schloegel, C. A., /. 1853, 1854, o. 1855. Schmidt, Richard, I. 1889, o. 1890, 508 P St., N. W., Washiugton, D. C. Schmogrow, W., I. 1851. Schmucker, K, o. 1824. Schmucker, Samuel, o. 1821. Schnee, J., o. 1823. Scott, Wm. D. E., I. 1882, o. 1883, Bendersville, Pa. Seebach, Julius, I 1896, o. 1897, New Philadelphia, O. Seiitmau, S., I. 1840, o. 1841. Sharp, M. S., o. 1905, Euola, Pa. Sherer, D. J. W., L 1888, o. 1889. Sherer, J. J., Jr., o. 1904, 1603 Monument Ave., Richmond, Ya. Sherer, Luther P., I. 1884, o. 1885. Shilke, Charles A., ?. 1914, o. 1915, Walkersville, Md. Shriver, P. J., o. 1901, 5238 Osage Ave., Philadelphia. Pa. Simons, J., I. 1840, 1841. Slifer, William G., I. 1893, St. Thomas, Pa. Sloop, Henry E. H., I. 1893, Bloom, Va. Smeltzer, J. P., I. 1848, o. 1849. Smith, S. E., Z. 1878. Smith, William, I. 1837. Snyder, H. W., I. 1908, 332 Vine St., Johnstown, Pa. Snyder, Luther T., I. 1892. Snyder, Simon, I. 1911, Scalp Level, Pa. Springer, P., I. 1836, o. 1837. Startzman, C, I. 1838, o. 1839. Sternat, F. C. J., Z. 1906, Abbottstown, Pa. Stockslager, P. T. E., Z. 1899, R. R. No. 2, Gettysburg, Pa. Storck, T., I. 1837. Stork, Charles A., o. 1862. Streamer, Charles S., I. 1898, 553 Miapleton Ave., Boulder, Colo. Strieb, George, o. 1892. Stup, Adam C, I. 1893. Stup, Grayson Z., I. 1898, 407 Chambers St., Trenton, N. J. Suesserot, B., Z. 1855. Sumau, J. J., Z. 1843. T Tholan, S. F., o. 1901, Biglerville, Pa. Thompson, Abel, Z. 1863. Trowbridge, Charles R., Z. 1884, o. 1885, 402 Cattell St., Easton, Pa. Troxell, Millard F., Z. 1882, o. 1883, Boys Industrial School, Topeka, Kan. Trump, C. S., Z. 1879, o. 1880. LTuruh, John, Z. 1851, o. 1852. U V Valentine, Milton, o. 1853. A'alentine, M. H., Z. 1886, o. 1887, Gettysburg, Pa. Von Hoxar, Henry, Z. 1855. MINISTERS ORDAINED AND LICENSED. 525 w Wachter, Michael, o. 1825. Wade, W. A., o. 190.5, 505 Harwood Ave, Baltimore, Md. Waasworth, W. S.. /. :841, 1S12. Wagner, F. R., I. 1900, o. 1901, Martinsburg, W. Va. Waltemyer, W. C, I. 1910, Thnrmont, Md. Weaver, F. H., o. 1876. Newrv, Blair Co., Pa. Weber, H. H., I. 1884, o. 1885" Security Building, York, Pa. Weddle, A. J., I. 1843. Weltley, J., o. 185.3. AYentz, A. E., I 1906, 1907, 1908, o. 1909, Gettysburg, Pa. AVheeler, Wni. E., ?. 1899, o. 1900, 4908 Euclid Terrace, St. Louis Mo. Wickey, N". J. G., o. 1916, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Wier, — . — ., I. 1841. Wiles, Charles P., /. 1895, Ninth and Sansom Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Willard, P., 0. 1842. WineeofP, J., /. 1840, o. 1841. Winter, John, I 1821, o. 1825. Wiseman, D. E., /. 1884, o. 1885, 330 W St., X. W.. WaMiington, D. C. Wolf, Michael, o. 1860. Y Yonce, G. V., I. 1880, ISSl. Young, J. J., (. 1876, o. 1877. Young, Martin L., I. 1877, o. 1878. Yutzv, Jacob, 7. 1878, 709 Main St., Trinidad, Washington. Zimmerman, Horace E., J. 1891, o. 1892, 335 S. Lawn Ave., Kansas Citv, Mo. Zimmerman, L. M., /. 1886, o. 1887, 421 Hanover St., Baltimore, Md. Tlie Sons of the Maryland Synod are serving' the Lord in widely scattered fields. In various offices of the Church, in vari- ous sections of our own land, and among the heathen on the for- eign field, they are helping to establish the Kingdom of God. But thirty-seven of them are to-day members of the Synod that fos- tered them, and they constitute nearly one-third of her clerical roll. Thirty of them are active Pastors in the Synod, three are Professors (Bikle, Floyd, and Wentz), one is a Secretary (Weber), one is an Editor (Wiles), and two are Missionaries on the foreign field (Goedeke and Graefe). In the biographical sketches that constitute the next chapter of this volume the portraits of the thirty active Pastors in the Synod do not appear, because they have already been presented in connection with the histories of the congregations which those men now serve. These thirtv are : E. Iv. Bell C. K. Botsford G. S. Bowers J. C. Bowers C. H. Butler, J. E. Byers S. J. Uerr H. H. Hartman S. A. Hedges C. AV. Hess F. Hesse F. A. Hightman C. J. Hines E. E. Ide C. G. Leatherman H. Manken, Jr. F. W. Mever L. F. Miller S. J. Miller Victor Miller W. G. Minnick Carl Mumford A. G. Null J. W. Ott R. S. Polfenberger W. L. Remsberg C. A. Shilke, F. R. Wagner W. C. Waltemyer L. M'. Zimmerman Their portraits may easily be found by reference to the Index of Portraits. CHAPTER XIX. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. EEV. ISAAC N. AUaUSTINE. Rev. Augustine was born at Petersburg, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, on February 9, 1883, the son of Jacob L. and May NauU Augustine. AVhen he was fourteen he was catechized and baptised by Rev. Christian Lupley, at Petersburg, Pennsylvania. At the age of sixteen he entered Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, and after com- pleting his studies here he studied theology at Susquehanna Univer- sity. In 1861 he was licensed by the Allegheny Synod and was or- dained (or relicensed"! by the Maryland Synod in 1863. His first ministerial work was at Wellersburg, Pennsylvania, and Morley's Branch, Maryland, consisting of four congregations. During his pastorate here he had a prominent part in building a church at Grantsville, Maryland. In 1865 Rev. Augustine aiid his wife felt im]5elled to go westward and moved in that year to St. Charles, Missouri, and from there he moved to Shipman, Illinois, Avhere they lived twelve years and he was instrumental in build- ing another church. In 1879 he moved to Loganport, Indiana, and from there to Ottawa, Illinois. In the fall of 1881, he moved to Nebraska and located in Thayer County, where he lived until 1890. In this year he moved to Hastings, and three years later to AVheeler County, where he founded five Lutheran congrega- tions, resulting in the erection of a Lutheran church at Wolbach and at Ericson. After a few years he moved to Grand Island, Nebraska, where he is living at present. Here he served one year as regular pastor of St. Paul's English Lutheran Church. Rev. Augustine was married on April 17, 1853, to Amanda Shultz, the youngest daughter of Adam Shultz, of Grantsville, Maryland. There were five sons and two daughters, all of whom are s+ill living, except one son and one daughter. The living children are Nannie Bartow, Irving Milton, George Luther, Nor- man J., and Ne\\i:on Isaac Augustine. Mrs. Augustine passed away on March 18, 1915, after they had been able to celebrate 527 528 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. l)()th their Golden and Sixtieth Anniversaries togetlier. Rev. Au- gustine has lived in Grand Island for twentj^ years and here he expects to live until his Master calls him. For several j^ears he was contributing editor to the Lutheran Evangelist, and his articles occasionally appeared in the Lu- theran Observer. For a while he was editor of the Independent Lutheran, during his residence in Adams County, Nebraska. Throughout his entire life he has been a pioneer preacher and seemed to take delight in making a success where others had failed or where the work had not before been attempted. REV. HARRY F. BAUGHMAN. The subject of this sketch was born on January 23, 1892, at Everett, Pennsylvania. Dur- ing the year 1893 his parents. Rev. G. "VV. and Elizabeth M. Baughnian, moved to Uniontown, Maryland. He was confirmed about 1904. He received his education at New Windsor College from 1903 to 1906. He entered Pennsylvania College in 1906 and after graduating in 1910 entered the Seminary in the fall of the same year. He graduated from Seminary in May, 1913. Immediately after his graduation from Seminary he took charge of Trinity Church, Keyser, West Virginia. He was a member of the West Virginia Synod from 1913 to 1918; its sec- retary 1915-1917; its president" 1917-1918. In November, 1918, he removed to Pittsburgh, where he is now pastor of St. Stephen's Lutheran Church. His present address is 7710 Hamilton Aveinie, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. REV. PROFESSOR DAVID H. BATJSLIN, D.D., LL.D. Dr. Bauslin was born at Winchester, Virginia, in 1854 of Michael and Martha Lewis Bauslin. On the paternal side of his family Dr. Bauslin comes of sturdy Lutheran ancestry, both of his grandparents, Henry Bauslin and Margaret Smyser, having been what was known in the days of Ijutheran laxity in the part of the Cumberland Valley in which they lived as "Old Lutherans,'' a phrase with pronounced historical significance. His mother was a descendant of John Lewis who came from the north of Eng- land and settled near Staunton, Virginia, in 1735. She grew up as a Ignited Presbyterian. The subject of this sketch was baptized by Dr. Charles P. Krauth who was pastor at Winchester at the time of his birth. At the opening of the Civil War in 1861 his father being a "T^nion Man" and opposed to the secession of Virginia was obliged under threat to leave that state. He settled at Clear- spring, Washington County, Maryland, where his oldest child re- ceived his earlier education in the village schools. Here when a young boy he was received into the membership of St. Peter's Lutheran Church, being confirmed by that sturdy old saint the Rev. Christian Startzman, whose dust rests in the old St. Paul's THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 529 cemetery between Hagerstown and Clearspring-. In 1871 Dr. Baiislin entered Wittenberg- College, Springfield, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1876. In his college days he had for his teachers snch men as Samuel Sprecher, Hezekiah R. Geizer, Isaac S'precher, B. F. Prince and S. F. Breekenridge. From early childhood it was his cher- ished desire to become a minister and in this he was always encour- aged by his pious parents and a faithful and watchful pastor. From the Theological Semiuary at Wittenberg he graduated in 1878. In 1877, at the end of his first year at the Seminary, he was engaged during the s u m m e r months in missionary work at Peabody, Kansas, where he was instrumental in organizing the now flourishing St. Paul's Lu- theran Church of that town. In October of that year he was li- censed to preach in St. John's Church of Salina, Kansas, by the Synod of Kansas, the names of T. F. Dornblaser, D.D., and the late Rev. A. K. Felton being signed to his certificate of licensure, re- spectively as President and Secretary. In 1878 he was ordained to the Gospel Ministry by the Miami Synod at Brookville, Ohio, the Rev. George F. Stelling, D.D., being the preacher of the occa- sion, who subsequently baptized his .son. Dr. Charles Stelling Bauslin. His certificate of ordination bears the names of George F. Stelling, President, and Joseph Clark Zimmerman, Secretary. Dr. Bauslin 's entire term of service in the church since his ordination has been spent in the state of Ohio. He has served in succession in these pastorates: Zion Church, Tippicanoe City; St. Paul's Church, Bucyrus; the Second Church of Springfield, and Trinity Church of Canton. In 1896 he was elected to the "George D. Harter Professorship" of Historical Theology in the Hamma Divinity School at Wittenberg. In this position and as the Dean of the Seminary he has served until the present, and in active service in the same place he hopes to end his earthly pil- grimage. From his Alma Mater in succession he has been hon- ored with the degrees of A.B., A.M., B.D., and D.D., the degree of Doctor of Laws having been conferred upon him by Lenior College of North Carolina in 1916. In connection with his work as preacher and professor, Dr. Bauslin has been diligent with his pen. For twelve years he was editor of the Lutheran World, the organ in its dav of the "con- 34 530 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. servative" winp- of the General Synod, a paper wliicli during its entire and somewhat varied history exercised a wide and whole- some influence in the Church, being one of the leading factors in the preparation for the coming of the Ignited Lutheran Church of America. Years ago he published a small book which is said to have had a very wholesome influence under the title, "Is the Ministry an Attractive Avocation?" The chief work of his pen is "The Lutheran Movement of the Sixteenth Century — An In- terpretation," published by the Lutheran Publication Society in 3919. At various times he has published monographs on "The Place of Authority in Religion," "Evangelical Agnosticism," ' ' Specious Theological Phrase-ology, " " Permanent Factors in the Civilization of the Middle Ages," "The Genesis of the 'New Measure' Movement in the Lutheran Church," "The Collapse of a Bad Theory," "The Socialization of the Church," "The Al- leged Historical Episcopate," and others. Mrs. Bauslin was Elizabeth Clark. They have in their family two children, a boy and a girl, the son now being a Ijutheran min- ister and the little girl having died at the age of five years. Dr. Bauslin was a member of the committee to draft the constitution of the United Lutheran Church. In 1905 he was made President of the General S3aiod at its meeting in Bethany Church, Pitts- burgh. For nearly thirty years he has been a member of the East Ohio Synod. In the days of his college and seminary education he was aided by the Maryland Synod, the aid accorded him mak- ing it possible for him to enter the ministry. He has always been glad to express his affection for the old Synod which made it pos- sible for him by its benefactions to carry out his cherished life plans. REV. GEORGE BEISWANGER. This son of the Maryland Synod was born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 15, 1868, the son of John and Sarah Ann Weber Beiswanger. He was bap- tized and confirmed in St. Stephen's Lutheran Church, Balti- more, Rev. F. Ph. Hennighausen, D.D., pastor. In 1885 he be- came a charter member of Grace Lutheran Church, Rev. H. H. Weber, D.D., pastor, and took an active part in the work of the congregation. He entered the Academy of Pennsylvania College to get his college preparatory work and graduated from college in 1892, and from the seminary at Gettysburg in 1895. During the summer of 1893 he served the congregation at Sparrows Point and in 1894 he received an ad interim license from the Maryland Synod. He was regularly licensed at Frost- burg in 1894 and ordained in Grace Church at the meeting of the same synod in 1895, Rev. O. C. Roth, D.D., president of the synod and pastor of Grace Church. Rev. Beiswanger was the first son of Grace Church to enter the ministry. His pastorates have been as follows: Calvary Church, Balti- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 531 more, 1895 to 1902, where he organized the church and Sunday school, purchased the church property and erected its first buikl- ing at a cost of $20,000; St. Paul's Church, A^andergrift, Penn- .sylvania, 1902 to 1907, where he was their first pastor and during his pastorate dedicated a church edifice and provided for its cost, $14,500, with less than one hun- dred members and within a year and a half after its organization ; First Lutheran Church, Okla- homa City, 1907 to 1909; Chil- dren 's Memorial L u t h e r a n Church, Kansas City, Missouri, 1909 to 1915, during which time he removed the indebtedness of the church and improved the con- gregation in membership and place of worship ; Messiah Lu- theran C h u r c h, Constantine, Michigan, 19L5 to 1917, where he celebrated the Clolden Jubilee of the congregation and added fifty communicants; and finally, Zion Lutheran Church, North Man- chester, Indiana, 1917 to the pres- ent, where he has more efficiently organized the various organizations within the congregation. In 1914 and 1915 he was President of the Kansas Synod, and for six years a member of the Examining Committee of the same Synod. He was a delegate to the Merger Convention in New York City in 1918. He is also a member of the "Boys' Work Committee" of the United Lutheran Church. On October 3, 1900, he married Lugarda Grace Wilhelm, the eldest daughter of Rev. and Mrs. M. L. Wilhelm, of Wooster, Ohio, who previous to her marriage had been a teaching deaconess in the Baltimore Motherhouse. To this union seven children were born, two dying in infancy. The living children are, George Wil- helm, Martin Luther, Chariot Rhoda, Philip Melanchthon and John Paul Gerhardt. REV. ALBERT BELL, D.D. The subject of this sketch, the son of Jonas and Catherine Ann Bell, was born September 28, 1855, on his father's farm in the Leitersburg district, his parents being members of the Leitersburg Church. He received his early training at the Longmeadow and Shank's country schools during the Civil War, and at the High School at Williamsport, the fam- ily having moved near that town in the spring of 1865. He en- tered the Preparatory Department, Gettysburg, in the fall of 1872, taking the full course. He graduated from the college in 532 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. 1878 and from the Seminary in 1881. The Maryland Synod or- dained him the same year, Dr. Barklay, then of Baltimore, ]ireaeliin' fifteen months. In October, 1873, he took charge of St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Baltimore. This was then a new organization, a mission of the other Lutheran Churches in the city, and Dr. Clutz was its first pastor. He was a delegate to the Gen- eral Synod at its meeting at Car- thage, Illinois, in 1877. At this meeting the location of the Board of Foreign Missions was changed from New York to Baltimore and Dr. Clutz was appointed as one of the members. When the new board was organized, he was elected as its corresponding secre- tary, which was then equivalent to the executive secretary. He served in this capacity over seven years, in connection with his duties as a pastor. As secretary of the Foreign Board he took the initiative in the founding of the Lutheran Missionary Journal which rendered such valuable serv- ice to the Church for so many years as the official organ of the Board of Home and Foreign Missions and of Church Extension, and the Women's Missionary Society. Later from 1883 to 1889 he served as editor of the Home Mission Department in this mag- azine. In 1873 he had assisted also in the organization of the Children's Foreign Missionary Society, and served as its treas- urer for a number of years, until the management was turned over to the Board of Foreign Missions. In 1883 Dr. Clutz was elected as general secretary of the Board of Home Missions. He served in this capacity until August 1, 1899, when he resigned to become the first president of Midland College, Atchison, Kansas. At the commencement of this same year the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater. He was president of Midland College from August 1, 1889, to February 1, 1904. In 1893 he was largely instrumental in inducing the Board of Education to open a Theological De- partment in connection with the college and assisted in arrang- ing its curriculum. Two years later this Avas erected into the Western Theological Seminary, and Dr. Clutz served as professor of Homiletics and Christian Ethics in connection with his college duties, until 1904. During these ten years he also acted as sup- ply pastor of a Lutheran Church at Moray, Kansas, preaching for them twice each month. At the meeting of the General Synod 552 HISTORY OF MARYTjAND SYNOD. ill Lebanon, Pennsylvania, in 1891, he was elected ;is its president. On February 1, 1904, he resigned the presidency of Midland College to become the pastor of St. Jaines Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. This charge he served until Septem- ber 1, 1909, when he entered upon his duties as professor of Prac- tical Theology, the position which he still holds, having been elected to succeed Professor J. W. Richard, D.D., who died the preceding spring. He also purchased Dr. Richard's interest in the Lutheran Quarterlj- at the same time and has since been one of the editors of this old and valuable periodical. Soon after returning to the East in the spring of 1904 Dr. Clutz was elected to fill a vacancy on the Board of Home Missions on which he continued to serve until it was merged with the Board of Church Extension by the General Synod at Alcron, Ohio, in 1915. During most of this time he was the treasurer of the board and from 1913 to 1915, its president. In 1911 he was appointed a member of the General Synod's Committee on the Common Service, on which he served until the Merger in 1918, and he is now a member of the Common Service Committee of the United Lutheran Church. As a member of this committee and of the .joint committee on the Common Service of the three bodies he had a prominent part in the preparation of the new "Common Service Book and Hymnal," and also of the common orders for ministerial acts. He also helped to formulate the new statement of the Doctrinal Basis of the General Synod, and at the meeting of the General Synod at Richmond, Indiana, in 1909, he offered a motion which provided for such a restate- ment, which was one of the things that prepared the way for tlie Merger of 1918. In 1917 when the movement was inaugurated to merge the General Synod, the General Council, and the United Synod of the South, Dr. Clutz was appointed on the committee to frame a constitution for the proposed new general bod.y. At the meeting of the General Synod in Chicago in 1917, he was made a member of the General S.ynod 's Committee on Wa\'s and Means, which was to cooperate with similar committees from the other two general bodies in making all the arrangements for the merger. When the three committees met for organization. Dr. Clutz was elected secretary of the Joint Committee. In this position he had a large and responsible part in the work which ended so happily in the organization of the United Lutheran Church in America in New York City, November 14-18, 1918, and he was appointed as assistant to the president and secretary dur- ing the first convention of the new body. At this convention he was also elected as a member of the Executive Board. Dr. Clutz has been a member of the Board of Trustees of Penn- sylvania College since 1905, and is at this time a member of the Executive Committee, and also a member of the committee ap- pointed to conduct the campaign for increased endowment. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 553 Dr. Cliitz was married September 4, 1872, to Liberty Augusta Hollinger, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. They had six children, five of whom, three sons and two daughters, are still living. The oldest son, Frank H. Clutz, Ph.D., is professor of Civil Engineer- ing in Pennsylvania College. The second son is a physician in Bendena, Kansas, and the other son is a farmer, also in Kansas. The daughters are married and live, one in Pittsburgh and the other in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Dr. Clutz has published a number of pamphlets and has writ- ten many articles for the Lutheran Quarterly and for other Church periodicals. He is also the author of two tracts that have been widely circulated in the churches by the Board of Church Extension. One of them, *'Mrs. Brocht's Confession," has passed the hundred thousand mark and is still in much demand. Dr. Clutz 's career embraces such a wide variety of usefulness, such a large number of responsible positions occupied, and such a long period of faithful service for the Lord, as would be very difficult to parallel in the whole Lutheran Church in America. REV. JOHN FIELDING CRIGLER. This son of the Synod, the oldest son of Jason Cornelius Crigler and Elizabeth Aylor, was born October 13, 1869, in Madison County, Virginia. He was baptized in early infancy by Rev. Robert C. Holland, D.D., who was pastor of Hebron Evan- gelical Lutheran Church, of which his ancestors had been members for generations. Rev. J. S. Moser confirmed him in his early teens. He received his education in the public schools of the county, later going to private schools conducted by Mr. J. D. Fray at Old Hebron Church and by Revs. J. S. IMoser and W. J. D. Sherer at Madison, Virginia. He entered Roanoke College in September, 1888, and graduated from that institution in June, 1892. After ha\'ing taught one year in his father's family he entered the Theological Seminary at Get- tvsburg, Pennsyh'ania, in the fall of 1893 and graduated in 1896. The Maryland Synod, meeting in Grace Church, Baltimore, li- censed him in 1895 and the same Synod ordained him the follow- ing year in St. Paul's Church, Cumberland, Maryland. He receiA^ed and accepted a call to St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Lutherville, Maryland, in the autumn of 1896. He served as pas- 554 HISTORY OF MARYTjAND SYNOD. tor of this church until February 1, 1915, when he accepted a call to St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church. Charlotte, North Carolina, which he still serves. While pastor at Lutherville a new church building was erected and a mission was organized and established at Govans, Marvland, now Holy Comforter Evan- gelical Lutheran Church. For a number of years he also occu- pied the chair of English Bible and Sacred Literature in Mary- land College. He was secretary of the Maryland Synod for two consecutive terms. He is the author of "Saul of Tarsus," a re- ligious drama published by Sherman French and Company of Boston. During his present pastorate St. Mark's Church is being en- larged and a new Sunday school building is being erected at an approximate cost of fifty thousand dollars. He was married to Edith Morris AVolf, the eldest daughter of Dr. and Mrs. L. B. Wolf, on October 7, 1903. They have four children, Elizabeth Aylor, Catherine Wolf, Eleanor Fielding and John Fieldino-, Jr. REV. W. MORGAN CROSS. The subject of this sketch, the son of Rev. Thomas J. Cross, for more than thirty-five years an active pastor in the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and Emma C. Cross, was born at Emmitsburg, Frederick County, Mar^'land, September 15, 1871. His early education was secured in the pub- lic schools of Maryland and the high school at Westminster. After completing his secondary education he entered Western Maryland College, Westminster, Maryland, fi-om which institution he was graduated with the degree of B. A. in June, 1890, and two years later he received the degree of M. A. from his Alma Mater. During the school years of 1890- 91 and 1891-92, he was principal of the High School at Hancock, Maryland, but relinquished his position to enter the Gospel min- istry. He served in the Baltimore Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church for more than two years, when he withdrew from the ministry and united with the Second Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baltimore, Maryland, of which congregation the late Rev. George W. Miller, D.D., was then pastor. In December, 1894, he was married to Mary Ella Ruckle, daughter of Mr. and THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 555 Mrs. Oscar Euckle, of Baltimore. To this union were born two children, the eldest, a son who saw duty on board a United States submarine during- the World War ; the second child, a daughter, 'A^ho is still at home. On October 11, 1896, Rev. Mr. Cross was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Maryland Synod of the General Synod at its meeting at Cumberland, Maryland, and he immediately went to the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg to ]-)ursue a special course in theology for one year. In May, 1897, he was called to the pastorate of the Stone Church Charge in Northampton Coun- ty, Pennsylvania. Since then he has served the following charges: St. Mark's congregation, Trenton, New Jersey, where he organized the congregation and was instrumental in building the cliurch edifice ; Pikeland Charge, Chester County, Pennsyl- vania ; Berwick, Pennsylvania, and Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Rev. Cross took charge at Greencastle in 1905 and served until 1918. Due to failing health he was compelled to resign the pas- torate. After undergoing special treatment at the University of Virginia Hospital he recovered his health sufficiently to return to Greencastle and teach English and History in the High School there. In 1919 he was elected .supervising principal of the pub- lic schools of Greencastle. He frequently supplies pulpits in neighboring cities. REV. M. I. CTJLIER, D.D. Doctor Culler was born near Jef- ferson, Maryland, October 13, 1839, the son of Daniel and Anna Maria (Hargett) Culler. He was baptized hy Rev. Wachter and confirmed by Rev. Edwin Dorsey in the Lutheran Church of Jefferson. When a boy he worked on his father's farm and prepared for colleg'e at an academy taught by Da'sad Sprecher. In 1862 he graduated from Pennsylvania College and from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg- in 1864. He en- tered the service of the Christian Commission during the Civil War. In the spring and summer of 1861 he was engaged in this work in Washington, District of Columbia ; Annapolis, Mary- land; Alexandria, Belle Plain Landing, and Fredericksburg, Virginia. He was licensed by the East Pennsylvania Synod at Lebanon, Pennsylvania, September 3, 1864, and ordained by the Central Synod of Pennsvlvania at New Berlin, June 8, 1865. From 1865 to 1867 he served the Duncannon pastorate, consist- ing of six congreg-ations. During the next two years he was pas- tor at Williamsport, Maryland. In 1869 he was urged to accept a call to Martinsburg, West Virginia, where he labored with great blessing to his people from that year to 1881. This congregation had been sadly torn apart and distracted during the Civil War, but during his ministry it was completely united. During his pastorate here the member- ship was greatly increased, the church building repaired, and an 56 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. excellent parsoiiag'e built. At Mereersbur<>-, Pennsylvania, he .served next from 1881 to 1890 with o'ood results. From 1890 to 1897 he served at Apollo, Pennsylvania. Here the church build- ing was greatly improved and an addition made to the parsonage. At Bedford, Pennsylvania, Doctor Culler served from 1897 to 1910. This charge was greatly benefited by his labors, improve- ments and repairs being made to the church edifice and parsonage, and a long-standing debt lifjui- dated. Finding that the infirmi- ties of old age unfitted him for pastoral work, he resigned and moved to Philadelphia, in Octo- ber, 1910, and there supplied va- cant pulpits. His wife died sud- denly in January, 1913. During the summer of 1918 he supplied the church at Mercersburg, Penn- sylvania, and in September and October, 1919, he supplied the pulpits of St. Thomas' and Lon- don, Pennsylvania. Doctor Culler was secretary of the Central Synod of Pennsyl- vania in 1866 and of the Marjdand Synod in 1874. He was Fra- ternal Delegate to the Virginia Synod in 1874. In 1876 he was director of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. He was delegate to the General Synod at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in ]885, at Canton, Ohio, in 1895, at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1900. From 1894 to 1897 he was president of the Pittsburgh Synod. He was a member of the Examining Committee of the Allegheny Synod from 1901 to 1910. He received the degree of D.D. from Sustiuehanna University and was a member of the Board of Truest ees of this institution from 1898 to 1913. He is the author of ' ' Centennial History of the Lutheran Church of Martinsburg, West Virginia," 1876, and "The Early Historj^ of the Lutheran Church in Middletown Valley, Mary- land," 1899. Both of these histories are published in pamphlet form and are in the Lutheran Historical Society, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He also wrote a "History of St. John's Lutheran Church of Mercersburg." He was examiner of teachers for the public schools of Martinsburg, and the author of a "Defense of the Public School System" against the attack of a Catholic priest of that city. This "Defense" was published in the Marilnshurg Statesman. He also contributed articles to the Lutheran 01)- server, all the Church papers of the General Synod, the Lutheran Visitor, and the Lutheran. Also various sermons, addresses and THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 557 articles of his have been published in the secular press. During his ministry he has influenced directly or indirectly twelve men to enter the ministr3^ On October 26, 1865, he married Mary Jane Floyd of Jeffer- son, Maryland. This union has been blessed by five children. These children are : Pauline L. B., the Avife of Colonel W. S. Wood, United States Army, and now living in Washington ; Nel- lie Floyd, who teaches French and music ; Daniel Floyd, de- ceased; Robert M., a Colonel in the United States Army, is the Commandant and Chief Surgeon of the Army and Navy General Hospital at Hot Springs, Arkansas; their youngest child, Vida Luther, is deceased. REV. SILAS HARMAN CULLER. Rev. Culler was born Oc- tober 14, 1875, on a farin near Jefferson, Maryland, the son of J. Harman and Lucinda C. Culler. He was baptized by Rev. Bowers and confirmed by Rev. S. A. Hedges in St. Paul's Lu- theran Church at Jefferson, Maryland, in April, 1888. He at- tended the local public schools until he was sixteen years old when he took charge of a farm be- longing to a sister, whose husband was killed in an accident. There he remained until the fall of 1896 when he entered the Preparatory Department of Pennsjdvania Col- lege at Gettysburg, taking a two- year course. He graduated from college in 1902 and the following fall entered the Theological Semi- nary and graduated from this in- stitution in 1905. In January of that year while in seminary he ac- cepted a call to Trinity Lutheran Church, Reisterstown, Maryland, to assume charge upon his gradu- ation from seminary in May. He was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod at St. John's Lutheran Church, Martinsburg, West A^irgiiiia, October, 1904, and ordained October, 1905, in St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Cumberland, Maryland. He remained in the Reisterstown pastorate for thirteen years, during which time a new church was built at an approximate cost of $16,000. The membership was also doubled and the church finances and polity improved. In March, 1918, he ac- cepted a call to the Seven Valley Charge of the West Pennsyl- vania Synod. On April 10, 1918, he was married to Grace Flem- ing RusWu, of Reisterstown, Maryland. During his present pas- 558 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. torate at Seven A'alley the membership lias been increased, old debts liqnidated, extensive improvements made and new hymnal installed. During his ministry he has contributed several articles to the Lutheran Observer, the most important one was entitled, ' ' Lutheran HA'mnolojrv. ' ' REV. WILLIAM CHARLES DAY. The subject of this sketch, the son of John C. and Elizabeth fWao-ner) Day, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on June 12, 1801. On July 15, 3891, he 'was baptized by Dr. Conradi, pastor of Trinity Lutheran C'hureh, and received into communicant membership with Grace English Lutheran Church by con- firmation on March 24, 1907, by Rev. Harry D. Newcomer. He re- ceived his primary education in the public schools of Baltimore, and afterwards entered Baltimore Polytechnic Institute and later Baltimore City College. On No- vember 1, 1911, he entered Get- tysburg Academy to study Greek in preparation for college en- trance. In the fall of 1912 he en- tered Pennsyh'ania College and graduated with the class of 1915. In the following fall he entered the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg. During the summer of 1916 he supplied the Gerrards- town Charge, West Virginia, of the Maryland Synod, as a Home Missionary supply pastor. The following summer he served again as Home Missionary supply pastor at Messiah Lutheran Church, Bergen Square, Jersey City, New Jersey. On July 14, 1917, he received a call, to take effect in September of that year, from Trinity Lutheran Church of the Woman's Missionary So- ciety, Kansas City, Kansas. He was ordained to the Gospel min- istry by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Kansas, which con- vened in St. PauLs Lutheran Church Wichita, Kansas, October 18, 1917. On August 16, 1917, he was married to Ruth Elva Shanebrook, of Littlestown, Pennsyh'ania, by Rev. Carl Mumford, pastor of Messiah Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Maryland. While he was pastor at Kansas City there was born a daughter, Ruth Elva, on June 8, 1918. During his pastorate at Kansas City the congrega- tion was enlarged, activity increased and the church building greatly improved. On August 1, 1918, Rev. Day resigned and ac- cepted a call to Salona Charge, Central Pennsylvania S^'uod, THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 559 REV. OSCAR CARLTON DEAN". The subject of this sketch was born on a farm near Middletown, Fredericlv County, Mary- land, in the historic Middletown Valley, on August 5, 1883, the fourth child of Carlton Henry Dean and Ara Coblentz Dean. He was baptized in infancy into Zion Lutheran Church at Middle- town, Maryland, by Rev. Peter Bergstresser, D.D. In the spring of 1897 he was confirmed by Rev. M. L. Beard. His higher educa- tion was received at the Boys' High School at Frederick and the Middletown High School. Dur- ing the winter of 1903 and 1904 he taught in Frederick County. In the spring of 1904 he entered Frederick College at Frederick, Maryland, and prepared for col- lege. The fall of that same year he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettvsburg and graduated in 1908. in the fall of that year he entered the Theological Seminary there and graduated there in 1911. During his college and seminary course he was a bene- ficiary of the Maryland Synod. During the summer of 1909 he served as supply pastor of the Burkittsville pastoi-ate of the Maryland Synod. The followiiig sununer ho supplied tlie pulpit of the Accident Pastorate of the Maryland Synod. He was li- censed to preach by the Maryland Synod at Smithsburg in 1910, and was ordained by the same Synod at Taneytown in the fol- lowing year. In the spring of 1911 he accepted a call to become pastor of the Accident Pastorate and began his work here April 1, 1911. In the spring of 1912 the new Synod of West A^irginia was organized and Rev. Dean became one of the leaders in this new body. Rev. Dean accepted a call to Trinity Lutheran Church of AYheeling, West Virginia, and entered upon this work January 1, 1913. Here he served over six years and during this timet almost doubled the membership of this congregation. A new parsonage was purchased and a fine new church built, all at a cost of about $60,000. On July 1, 1919, he took up his present work at Bucyrus, Ohio. Rev. Dean was married on September 3, 1913, to Bertha Mar- garet Chuck, of I'^niontown, Pennsylvania. One son, Paul Mit- chel Dean, has been born to them. During his ministry Rev. Dean has been honored by the fol- lowing offices : 1910-11 he was secretary -treasurer of the Alle- gheny Conference of the Maryland Synod ; 1912-13 he was presi- 560 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. dent of the conference of tlie Synod of AVest Virginia ; 1915-17, president of the Synod of West A'irginia; lfH8-19 director of the Theoh)0'ical Seminary at Gettysburg from the West Virginia Synod. In 1918 Rev. Dean represented the West Virginia Synod at the Lutheran Merger Convention in New York City. REV. CHAPtlES EDWARD DERR. Ph.D. The subject of this sketch, the son of Sylvanus Edward and Amanda Summers Derr, was born near Myersville, Maryland, September 24, 1868. For three j^ears he attended the district school at Jerusalem. At the age of nine his parents removed to Ohio locating near Day- ton, where he grew to young manhood on a farm. At the age of fourteen he was confirmed in the Lutheran Church at West Car- rollton, Ohio, by Rev. W. A. Bowman, pastor. At the age of seventeen he entered the schoolroom as teacher with a brother and two sisters among the pupils. After two years he entered the Academy of Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, graduat- ing from college in 1894 with the degree of B.A. He took his course in theology at the Hamma Divinity School, Springfield. During the summer of 1896 he was called to the First Lutheran Church, Princeton, Illinois. On October 14, 1896, he was united in marriage to Anna Walkley Clark, of Troy, Ohio. In 1899 he was called to succeed his own college pastor of the Third Church, Springfield, Ohio. While a resident in that city he took post- graduate work in History and Sociology, at his Alma Mater, re- ceiving first the degree of A.M. and later the degree of Ph.D. In 1903 he took charge of the mission (Second Church) in In- dianapolis, Indiana, which he succeeded in bringing to self- support. He was called to Amity Church, Lena, Illinois, in 1908. While here he was elected on the Board of Directors of "The Rock River Assemblj^ of Lutherans," Dixon, Illinois, and has been serving in the capacity of platform manager during the past eight years, and is at present president of the board. In August, 1913, he was chosen to be acting president of Carthage College, Carthage, Illinois, during the absence of President Hoover for one year. While he was at the college he was in charge of the Departments of Philosophy and History. The following year he received a call to the Church of the Ascension, Chicago, Illinois, of which congregation he is still pastor. REV. ROY V. DERR. This son of the Maryland Synod was born near Creagerstown, Frederick County Maryland, October 11, 1885. His parents were Cornelius Edward and Mary Eve (Metzger) Derr, both of whom were born and reared in the well- known Middletown Valley. Rev. Derr was baptized in infancy by the Lutheran pastor of his family, and at an early age con- firmed in St. John's Lutheran Church at Creagerstown. He is THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 561 the only child of that congreg'ation to enter the ministry. The pastor who confirmed him was Rev. J. U. Asper. After teaching in the public schools of Frederick rV)unty, he entered Gettysburg College in the fall of 1906, and graduated in the spring of 1910. Three years later he graduated from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. He was licensed to preach by his own Synod at Williamsport, Maryland, in October, 1912. Havi))g accepted a call upon graduation in May, 1913, to Burn- ham, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, which is within the territory of the Central Pennsylvania Synod, he was ordained by that Synod at Lewistown, Pennsylvania, in October, 1913. Rev. Derr was married October 19, 1916, to Hattie D. Ziegler, of Gettysburg. He has had but one pastorate, the Burnham mis- sion, which in a few years hopes to be self-supporting. He has served as secretary of the Juniata Conference for a number of years, and has been secretary of the Mifflin County Ministerial Association for several years. At the 1919 meeting of the Cen- tral Pennsyh'ania Synod he was elected a delegate to the next convention of the United Lutheran Church to be held in Wash- ington, District of Columbia, October, 1920. REV. SAMUEL JACOB DERR. Rev. Derr was born Septem- ber 6, 1835, near Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, of Samuel and Mary M. (Yasoe) Derr. He received his early education at the Boonsboro High School. He entered the Pre- paratory Department at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in February, 1879, and the Freshman Class at Pennsylvania College the fol- lowing fall. In 1883 he graduated from college. He entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg the same year and completed the prescribed course in this institution in June, 1886. He was licensed in St. Mark's Church, Baltimore, at the meeting of the Maryland Synod in 1885 and was ordained by the same Synod meeting in Waynesboro the following year. On September 11, 1886, he received a. call to the Hampstead pastorate. This was ratified by the Board of Home Missions and he took charge October 1, 1886, where he served until January 31, 1901. In February, 1902, he bought the Hampstead Phar- macy expecting to make it his future life work. However seven months later representatives of the church council of the Arcadia Charge reciuested that he should supply St. Paul's congregation for a period of seven months until they could secure a regular pastor. This he agreed to do. At the expiration of this time Judge Byerly, then president of the church council, voiced the action of the congregation in extending a unanimous call to Rev. Derr to become pastor. After this action had been legally rati- fied by a congregational meeting he took charge and his pastoral work began on June 1, 1903. He served here until June 1, 1911, at v^hich time he disposed of the drug store. A little later he ac- 36 562 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. cepted a call to the Berrysburg pastorate, Berrysburg, Pennsyl- vania, takino; effect January 1, 1913. Here he labored nntil March 31, 1916, when he returned to Hampstead, Maryland, and here he has been doing some supply work. REV. ROBERT WESLEY DOTY. Rev. Doty, son of Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Doty, was born at Jefferson, Frederick Count.y, Mary- land, August 23, 1876. He was baptized into St. Paul's Lutheran Church at Jefferson, Maryland, by Rev. "VV. H. Settlemeyer. He was catechized and confirmed in the same church by Rev. S. A. Hedges. His early training he received in the public schools in his home town. At Frederick College and at the Preparatory Department at Gettysburg he pre- pared for college. In September, 1895, he entered Gettysburg Col- lege with the class of 1899, grad- uating in June, 1899. The same fall he entered the seminary and o-raduated from this institution in May, 1902. He received and accepted a call to Salem Charge, Westminster, Maryland, taking charge on June 1, 1902. On August 14, 1902, he was united in marriage to Alice Roelkey, of Burkittsville, Mary- land. One child has blessed this union, Louise R. Doty. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod at Boonsboro, Maryland, in Oc- tober, 1901, and ordained by the same Synod at Hagerstown in October of the following year. After ten years of service in the Salem Charge he received a call to Christ Lutheran Church, Cambridge, Ohio, on June 1, 1912. Here he changed the location and built a beautiful new church at a cost of $22,000 and added over 250 new members in the six years he was pastor. On June 1, 1918, he accepted a call to Grace Lutheran Church, Rochester, Pennsylvania, where he now serves. Rev. Doty was secretary of the Middle Conference of the Mary- land Synod and a trustee of Tressler Orphans' Home at Loys- ville, Pennsylvania. He was also president of the South Con- ference of the East Ohio Synod and secretary of the East Synod, and a delegate from this Svnod to the General Svnod in 1917. REV. GEORGE WILLIAM ENGLAR, Ph.D., D.D. Dr Englar, the son of Basil and Julia A. Englar, was born at Clear Ridge, near TJniontown, Carroll County, Maryland, March 9, THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 563 1875. At the ag'e of twelve he united with St. Paul 's Lutheran Church, Uniontown, Maryland. He attended the public school of that district and later went to the New Windsor College, New Windsor, Maryland, Avhere he studied for three years. He en- tered the freshman class of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1893, at the age of eighteen. He was graduated from that institution in 1897 with the A.B. degree. He took his theological course at the Ijutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1900 with the B.I), degree. Pennsylvania College conferred upon him that year th;' A.M. degree. The Mar y Ian d S^niod ordained him at Middl ■- town, Maryland, in October, 1900. Since entering the gospel min- istry he has served the following pastorates: Duncannon, Pennsyl- vania, 1900-1902; Youngstown, Ohio, 1902-1906; Bethany Lu- theran Church, Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, 1900 to the present. He was married to Mary Luella, daughter of Dr. and Mrs.' G. L. K. Hickman, of Steelton, Pennsylvania, on Novemlier 6, 1907. He received the honorary degree of D.D. from Oskaloosa College, Iowa, in 1909; the D.D. in course from Central T^niversity, In- diana, in 1914; the Ph.D. in course from Central University, Indiana, in 1911. During 1915-1916 he was president of the Pittsburgh Synod; and is now a member of the Ministerial Edu- cation Connujttee and of the Advisory Board of Home Missions of the Pittsburgh Synod. REV. CLARENCE A. EYLER. The subject of this sketch is the son of the late Kev. Daniel Jacobs Eyler and Christiana C. {nee Kurtz). Rev. Eyler was born at Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, January 29, 1858. He was baptized by Rev. J. F. Campbell, the pastor of the Lutheran Church of Waynesboro, and confirmed at the age of fourteen by Rev. Al- fred Buhrman. After graduating from the Waynesboro High School he entered Pennsylvania College, graduating with the class of 1880, and also graduating from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg with the class of 1883. He was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Maryland Synod at Emmitsburg, Maryland, in 1883 and ordained at Newton, Iowa, in 1884 by the Iowa Synod. His first pastorate was that of Ely and North liiberty Churches 564 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. in Iowa, which he served from 1883 to 1885. In the latter year he removed to Lisbon, Iowa, serving the church at Clarence, Iowa, in connection with the Lisbon Church. During this pastorate he was married to Myrtle A. Boston, of Shickshinny. Pennsylvania. The severity of the winters of Iowa so impaired his health that he was compelled to seek a milder climate. Through the efforts of Rev. George D. Gotwald, Minneapolis and Leavenworth, Kan- sas, were the scenes of his labors from 1887 to 1891. He was again compelled to make a change and returned to Wa^^nesboro, Pennsylvania. He was traveling agent for the Lutheran Ob- server for one year. Christ's Church of Trenton, New Jersey, was his last pastorate. A very severe illness of eight months necessitated his giving up the active work of the ministry in 1890. Although now engaged in secular work he never misses an oppor- tunity to preach Christ and Him crucified. REV. PROFESSOR DAVID BITTLE FLOYD, A.M., D.D. Pro- fessor Floyd, the son of Hezekiah and Lydia (Bittle) Floyd, was born in Middletown, Maryland, March 15, 1846. In infancy he was baptized in the Middletown Lutheran Church, and in man- hood was catechized and confirmed in the Lutheran Church, ►Salem, Virginia, bv his uncle, President David F." Bittle, D.D., of Roanoke College. In 1858 he moved with his parents from Maryland to Indiana. When he was only sixteen years of age in 1862 he joined the United States Army, serving as sergeant for three years in the 75th Indiana Regiment, receiving a commission of lieutenant for meritorious con- duct. He fought with Thomas at Chickamauga ; with Grant at Chattanooga; and marched with Sherman to the sea. In 1866 he entered the Univer- sity of Michigan as a medical stu- dent. The following year he pre- pared for college at Asbury (De Pauw) University, Greencastle, Indiana. In 1868 he entered Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia, graduating in 1872 with second honor, delivering his oration in Greek and receiving his Master's degree after three years. He is a member of Phi Delta Theta (College) fraternity and was its president in 1876. He was again a student of medicine at Belle- vue Medical College, New York, in 1872. In 1878 he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, graduating in 1876. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 565 He was licensed by the Maryland Synod at Grafton, West Vir- o'inia, in 1875 and in the following year was ordained by the same Synod in Washington, District of Columbia. On February 15, 1877, he married Mary E. Cutting, of Martinsburg, West Vir- ginia. His fields of labor have been as follows : rniontown, Mary- land, 1876-1882; Boonsboro, Maryland, 1882-1885; Zion's Church, Newville, Pennsylvania, 1885-18!)9 ; Funkstown, Mary- land, 1900-190-1:; Georgetown Church, West Washington, Dis- trict of Columbia, 1905 ; and on September 10, of the same year was called to the Chair of Hebrew and Greek in Theological De- partment, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. In 1906 the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred on him by both Roanoke College and Susquehanna University. In 1910 he visited Italy, Greece, Palestine, Egypt and the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea for observation and study of the Bible lands. He was a member of the committee to revise the consti- tution of the Maryland Synod; for several years he was a mem- ber of the board of trustees of Loysville Orphans' Home from the Maryland Synod ; several times was delegate to the General Synod; and in 1904 was seiit by tlie General Synod as fraternal delegate to the United Synod of the South. He is author of "Necrology of Lutheran Ministers born in Middletown Valley, Maryland"; of "Reynold's Division in the Battle of Chickamauga" ; of "History of 75th Regiment of In- diana Infantry Volunteers"; of "History of Zion's Lutlieran Congregation, Newville, Pennsylvania"; of "Greek Prepositions of the New Testament. ' ' He was editor of the first Miscellany ( Mi- crocosm) publislied at Roanoke College; first editor of the C-um- berland Valley edition of the Young Lutheran; for several years contributed to the Lutheran Sunday School Series of the General Council, articles on difficult and obscure passages of Scripture ; by request of the Indiana Commission, wrote the inscription on the monument erected to the 75th Indiana Regiment in Chat- tanooga and Chickamauga National Park: and was contributor to the Lutheran Quarterly of the General Synod and the Church Review of the General Council and other periodicals. During his labors for thirty years as pastor, he preached 3,340 sermons; officiated at 220 funerals; married 108 couples: de- livered 1,564 catechetical lectures; received into church fellow- ship 748 persons ; baptized 812 infants ; built two parsonages ; and catechized and confirmed three young men who entered the ministry. REV. WILLIAM FREAS. Rev. Freas was born at Hughesville, Pennsylvania, on October 5, 1880, the son of Rev. William S. Freas, D.D., and Ella A. Streeper. He was baptized at Hughes- ville by Dr. Lysingring, and confirmed by his father in St. Paul 's 566 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Lutheran Church, York, Penns3'lvania. He received his educa- tion at the public schools of York and later attended the York County Academy of that city. He graduated from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1901, and from the Theo- logical Seminary there in 1904. The Maryland Synod licensed him to preach the Gospel at Williamsport, Maryland, in October, 1908. He v/as ordained bv the New York and New Jersey Synod, October 14, 1904, at St. James' Church, New York City. From May 20, 1904, to August 31, 1916, he was pastor of Beth- any Lutheran Church, New York City. He served from Sep- tember 1, 1916, to October 31, 1919, as pastor of Holy Trinity Cliurch, Jersey City, New Jersey. He was office secretary of the Na- tioiuil Commission for Soldiers' and Sailors' Welfare, from No- vember 1, 1917, to the present. He has served as executive secre- tary of the Inner Mission Board of the United Lutheran Church in America, from May 1, 1919, to the present. For two terms he was statistical secretary of the Synod of New York, vice-president of the Southern Conference of the Synod of New York and for two years he was secretary of the Home Mis- sion Committee of the Synod of New York. He was chairman of this committee for one year. For five years he was secretary of Concordia. He has served as secretary of the New York Min- isters Association for three years, and as vice-president of the same for two years. He received the degree of B.D. upon his graduation from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in 1904. On July 31, 1913, he married Amelia Behr Wellington. To this union two children have been born, Florence Alide and Wil- liam Behr. REV. MARTIN DANIEL GAVER. This son of the Maryland Synod is another of the products of the Middletown Valle,v which has proved so fertile in faithful servants for the Ijutheran min- istry*. His parents were Daniel and Margaret Caroline (Shafer) Gaver, and he was born at Burkittsville on November 14, 1849. In infancy, he was baptized into the Lutheran Church of Bur- kittsville by the Rev. Philip Willard. Later he was catechized and confirmed in church fellowship by the Rev. W. C. Wire. His higher education he began in the Missionary Institute, as it was THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 567 then called, at Seliusgrove, Pennsylvania. It was continued in Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg where he graduated in 1879. He was a member of the Philomathean Literary Society and of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. In 1882 he graduated from the Gettysburg Theological Seminarj'. Rev. Gaver was licensed by the Maryland Synod in 1881 in Washington. The next year, having taken up work on the terri- tory' of the West Pennsylvania S^'nod, he was ordained by that Synod. His first pastorate was at Mt. Holly Springs, Pennsyl- vania, and here he ministered from 1882 to 1890. During this period he was an officer in the Cumberland Valley Conference of the West Pennsylvania Synod. In 1890 he accepted a call to the pulpit of Zion Lutheran Church at Williamsport, Maryland, and then he became prominent in the councils of the Western Con- ference of the Maryland Synod. At Williamsport Rev. Gaver labored from September, 1890, until 1910. He is at present the pastor of the Lutheran Church at Orrville, Ohio. Rev. Gaver was married October 12, 1882, to Miss Emma J. Fairbanks, of Baltimore, Maryland. REV. ROBERT HARRIS GEARHART, JR. Rev. Gearhart was born in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1885. In 1902 he graduated from the Sunbury High School, from Pennsylvania College in 1910, and from the Thelogical Seminary at Gettys- burg in 1913. In October, 1912, he was licensed by the Mar^'land Synod at Williamsport, Maryland. He was ordained at Gallon, Ohio, on October 15, 1913. His first charge was St. Matthew's Lutheran Church, Mans- field, Ohio. He became pastor of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 1, 1915, which pas- torate he continues to serve at the present time. On January 22, 1918, he was commissioned chaplain in the United States Army with the rank of lieutenant, and assigned to the 308th Machine Gun Battalion. He served four months in this country and four- teen montbs in France, becoming Senior Chaplain of the 78th Division with the rank of captain, Senior Chaplain of the Second Army Area, and Senior Chaplain of Troops Engag-ed in Graves Registration Work. He was cited in General Orders by General John J. Pershing on April 19, 1919, for "exceptionally meritori- ous and conspicuous services" and on May 9, 1919, a second time by Major General J. H. MacRea. On June 15, 1914, he married Harriet Storrd Davies, a daugh- ter of John M. Davies, D.D. REV. HENRY LEWIS GERSTMYER. Rev. Gerstmyer was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on February 21, 1874. He at- tended the public schools of that city, and prepared himself for a musical career, but later he felt himself called to preach the 568 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Gospel. By private tutors and attending lectures at the Johns Hopkins T'^niversity he prepared himself for Gettysburg' Theo- logical Seminary, which institution he entered in the fall of I'JOl. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod on October 25, 1908, and ordained bv the East Pennsylvania Synod on Septemljer 21, 1904. He has served the following churches: Bainbridge, Lancaster Count.y, Pennsylvania ; Marysville, Perry County, Pennsylvania ; New Berlin, Union County, Pennsylvania; Manchester, York County, Pennsylvania, and at present is pastor of St. Paul's Church of Newville, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. He has specialized in Homiletics since leaving seminary, and has contributed articles of a literarj- and theological nature to our own Church papers. He is a son of Grace Church, Balti- more, Maryland. REV. GEORGE ALBERT GETTY, DB., was born in Baltimore, Maryland, Sunday, March 10, 1872. His father, George A. Getty, was at that time a member of the Second English Lutheran Church, but subsequently joined the Eirst Lutheran Church, where he was an active and influential meml)er until liis death in 1895. His grandfather was one of the charter members of the Second Church and was prominently identified with its work for more than fifty years. His mother's people were of sturdy York County Lutheran stock. Rev. Getty was baptized by Rev. E. J. Wolf, D.D., ])astor of the Second Church ; attended Sunday school at the First Church ; was catechized and confirmed by Rev. A. H. Stude- baker, pastor of the First Church, and as a member of that church entered the ministry. Rev. Getty received his early education in the public schools of Baltimore graduating from the Baltimore City College in 1890. The following fall he was admitted to the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and became the valedictorian of the Class of 1892. He next spent two years at the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and graduated from this institution with the Class of 1894. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in the fall of 1893, and ordained bv the East Ohio Svnod October 7, 1894. His first charge was in Cleveland, Ohio, where he was sent by the Home Mission Board to establish the C. E. Memorial Church. He organized this, the first General Synod Lutheran Church in Cleveland, in 1894, but because of the difficulties of the work re- signed from this field in the following year. In 1896 and 1897 he was pastor of the Lutheran Church at East Schodack, New York. In 1898 he accepted a call to Zion Lutheran Church of Cobleskill, New York, and served that congregation for seven years. From 1910 to 1915 he was pastor of Saint John's Luther- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 569 an Church of Baltimore, and during these years built the church edifice and put the work upon a substantial fouudation. P^ebru- ary 1, 1915, he entered upon the pastorate of Zion Lutheran Church of York, Pennsylvania, where he is still at work. Rev. Getty is the author of numerous articles tliat have ap- peared in the Lutheran Church Work, Lutheran Survey, and Lutheran Quarterly. He has served the Church as a member of the Common Service Committee, the Quadri-Centennial Com- mittee, the Deaconess Board, the Loysville Orphans' Home Board, etc. He was honored by Pennsylvania College in 1917 with the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. REV. HARRY GOEDEKE. This son of the Synod is one of her representatives on the Foreign Field. Rev. Goedeke was born in Baltimore, on October 1, 1882. His parents were Frank and Hen- rietta Goedeke. In infancy he was baptized into the membership of the Third Lutheran Church of the city by the Rev. Dr. Burke, formerly a member of the Board of Foreign Missions. Rev. Goedeke was confirmed in the same church in 1897. He was edu- cated in the Baltimore Busiiiess College and the Baltimore Poly- technic Institute. For some years he was the official clerk and stenographer of the Board of Foreign Missions. This ])osition he occupied with distinction from 1903 to 19J6. In the fall of 1916 he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and gradu- ated (with the exception of Hebrew) in 1919. Already in September, 1918, he had been appointed a mission- ary to the India field. On June 11, 1919, Rev. Goedeke was mar- ried to Miss Martha Kathrine Hoener, a member of Grace Lu- theran Church in Baltimore. Before her marriage Miss Hoener was connected with the work of the Maryland Sunday School Association and was vice-president of the Maryland Sy nodical Society of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society. Mr. and Mrs. Goedeke were commissioned as missionaries on September 26, 1919, and sailed for India late in October. REV. JOHN E. GRAEFE. This is one of our representatives on the Foreign Missionary field. Rev. Graefe was born in Balti- more, Maryland, October 12, 1889. His parents were Edward and Elizabeth Graefe. His higher education began at the Frank- lin High School of Reisterstown, Maryland. He graduated from this institution and took a course at the Baltimore Business Col- lege. Then he attended the Western Maryland College at West- minster, Maryland, and graduated from there in June, 1912. After a three years' course in our seminary at Gettysburg he was graduated in theology in May, 1915. On September 11, 1915, he was joined in matrimony with Wil- helmina Theresia Beyer. A son has blessed this union. Early in October, 1915, Mr. and Mrs. Graefe were formally commis- 570 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. fiioned to go as missionaries to the Guntur field in India. They sailed from A'ancouver, British Columbia, on October 11, 1915, and arrived on the field in December. After studjdng the lan- guage for two years they are now engaged in District Work. REV. JOHN GEORGE GRAICHEN. Rev. Graiehen is descended from an old German family. The ancestral home of the father was Altenburg, Saxony, and that of the mother Xorthheim, Han- over, Germany. His parents, F. August and Ernestine Graichen, first located in Baltimore, Maryland, where their son was born. However, soon after his birth, they removed to Winchester, Vir- ginia. In their religious faith they were ardent and loyal Lu- therans, devoted members of Grace Church in Winchester. In this church their son was con- firmed. Through the earnest prayers of his parents he was from childhood consecrated to the holy ministry. His preparatory education was received in the schools of Winchester. He also pursued his studies in Roanoke College through his Junior year. In June, 1883, he graduated from the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg, Pennsylvania. On Oc- tober 8, 1882, he was licensed by the Synod of Maryland in Em- mitsburg, Maryland. He was ordained by the Iowa Synod on September 30, 1883, at Newton, Iowa. Mr. Graichen was married on November 3, 1886, to Emma R. Oehs, of Iowa City, Iowa. The marriage ceremony was solemn- ized by Revs. S. B. Barnitz and George C. Henry in Des Moines, Iowa, at the home of the bride 's brother and sister, Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Seeburger. They have one child, a daughter, named Ernestine. On February 25, 1883, Rev. Graichen received a call to his first charge at Iowa City, Iowa. He received his commission from the Board of Home Missions of the General Synod on August 1, 1883. In this field he labored from 1883 to 1886 with more than ordi- nar,y success, doubling the membership and placing the mission on a solid foundation. In March, 1886, he took charge of the mission at Hays City, Kansas, in response to a call from the congregation and the com- mission of the Home Mission Board of the General Synod. Here he served from 1886 to 1887 and enjoyed a prosperous pastorate. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 571 On December 16, 1888, he was called to St. Stephen's pastorate, Lexington, South Carolina, which was composed of three congre- gations, St. Stephen's, Providence and St. John's. Such progress was made during his pastorate of ten years that the two congre- gations. Providence and St. John's, were able to remodel their church buildings, erect a parsonage, form a separate pastorate and call their own pastor. Kev. Graichen relinquished the entire pastorate in 1898. He was unanimously elected pastor of St. Stephen's congregation on November 12, 1899. Here his labors during eighteen years from ]888 to 1907 were attended by marked success, chiefly by thorough organization. A splendid new" church edifice of native granite was erected during his pastorate. An unlimited or life call was extended to him by this congregation. On January 1, 1907, he accepted a call to Grace church, Waynesboro, Virginia, where he labored with zeal from 1907 to 1912. Here the membership was increased and a substantial parsonage was erected. Later Buena Vista, Virginia, was con- nected with this pastorate. He was called to Morristown-Greene- ville Mission, Tennessee, on March 26, 1912, where he labored ef- fectively until 1916. His present residence is Morristown, Ten- nessee. REV. HERBERT HOLLINGER HARTMAN. Rev. Hart man was born on Marcb. 10, 1878, at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, of Rev. Stew^art A. Hartman, D.D., and Julia Catherine Hartman. His father baptized him in the First Lutheran Church at Cham- bersburg. In October, 1889, the family removed to Baltimore, Maryland. Here in St. Paul's Lutheran Church, he was con- firmed by his father. It was from this congregation that he en- tered the ministry. He received his education at the public schools of Chambersburg and Baltimore, the Baltimore Poly- technic Institute, and Susquehanna University. He graduated from the classical course of Pennsylvania College in 1901 and from the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in 1904 with the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod on October 22, 1903, at Williamsport, Mary- land, Rev. M. D. Gaver, being president. On October 14, 1904, he was ordained by the New York and New Jersey Synod at St. James' Lutheran Church, New York City, Rev. G. U. Wenner, D.D., president. His first work in the ministry was at the close of his first year in seminary when he organized the Church of Our Saviour, West Arlington, Baltimore, September 28, 1902. His second work was the organization of the First English Lutheran Church of Bridgeport, Connecticut, September 20, 1908. He became pastor of the First English Lutheran Church of Bridgeport, Connecti- cut, on June 1, 1904, and labored there until November 1, 1908, when he became pastor of Zion Lutheran Church, Newville, O I Z HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Peiinsylvaiiici. lie resigned from the Newville eongTeo-ation to organize tiie Augsburg Evangelical Lutheran Church of Balti- more, Maryland, on July 1, 1910. He became pastor of Augs- burg Lutheran Church at its organization, October l(i, 1910, where he is at the present time. REV. CLIFFORD E. HAYS was born to Ira Wilson and Flora A'iola Hays, at Hagerstown, Maryland, April 21, 1885, and was baptized by the Rev. Edwin Heyl Delk then pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Hagerstown, by whom he was also confirmed. He received his education in the public schools of Hagerstown and was graduated from the Washington County High School, Hagerstown, in 1904. He also graduated from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1907, and the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Gettysburg, in 1910. Licensure was granted in his senior year at seminary by the Maryland Synod in session in Baltimore and after the call of the M(;Connellsburg Charge, Fulton County, Pennsylvania, had been accepted in June, 1910, he was ordained by the West Penn- sylvania Synod in session at Mechanicsburg. He married Carrie Viola Martin, of Hagerstown, July, 1910, and to them two daugh- ters, June and Rose, have been born. The pastorate at McCon- nellsburg was closed September, 1911, and a call to St. Mat- thew's Lutheran Church, Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania, was accepted February 1, 1912. Here Rev. Hays served until a call to Bethel Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, M^as accepted in Jan- uary, 191G. At Bethel he labored until January, 1918, when he sailed to France commissioned as a Y. M. C. A. secretary. He gave service there in the Department of the Nievre as hut secre- tary, district cashier and district welfare director until January, 1919. Then he was compelled to return to America due to broken health. On October 17, 1919, the call to the pastorate of Luther Memorial Lutheran Church, Fifty-fourth Street and Trinity Place, Philadelphia, was accepted. REV. SHADRACH ABRAM HEDGES. The subject of this sketch was born on a farm near Middletown, Frederick County, Marvland, on October 31, 1835. Rev. Hedges' father's name was Shadrach and he was born on the old Hedges farm near Yellow Springs, Frederick County, Maryland, about the year 1754. His father also served some time in the Army of the Revolution. The maid(^n name of his mother was Mary Magdalen Miller and she was born in Middletown, Maryland, of German descent. Her father's name was Abram, hence Rev. Hedges' name, Shadrach Abram. He received his education at a public school, known as Gylers' and afterwards at Middletown Academy, where he prepared for college. In the fall of 1859 he entered the freshman class of THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 573 Pennsylvania Colleo'e, Gettysburg. He graduated from this in- stitution in 1863 during the great battle of Gettysburg. For three years he taught a select school in Middletown and then he entered the Theological Seminary. He' was licensed to preach the Gospel at Lovettsville, Virginia, in 1867. On Ma^' 20, 1868, he was married to Mary Elizabeth Hill by Dr. Daniel H. Bittle in Shepherdstown, AVest Virginia. He became pastor of the Lutheran Church at New Bloomfield, Perry County, Pennsylvania, on April 1, 1869. In the fall of 1872 he became pastor of the York Springs Charge, Pennsyl- vania, a large and laborious field consisting of four churches, far apart, with many members. In this charge he preached three times every Sunday and held six or seven protracted meetings, taking many into the church. One winter he preached eleven weeks in succession. He closed his work at York Springs in 1877 and took charge of the Utica pastorate, Frederick County, Mary- land, the same year. He thus returned to his native state and county and here he became very much endeared to these people and only left subsequently to obtain better schools for his children. In 1383 upon leaving ITtica he took charge of St. Paul's Church, Newville, Pennsylvania. Here he remained three years. In Oc- tober, 1886, he took charge of the Lutheran Church of Jefferson, Maryland, where he remained fourteen years. During his min- istry here the Jefferson Church was remodeled and mucli im- proved. St. Luke's Church in this pastorate was enlarged by an addition of twenty feet. Mount Zion Church was also improved. During his ministry at Utica a new church, Bethel, was built. All the money for these improvements was secured before Rev. Hedges left the field. In the summer of 1900 he built a house in Middletown, Mary- land, intending to retire^ from the active work of the ministry. So in the fall of that year he resigned the Jefferson pastorate and moved to Middletown. After a very short tiine a connuittee called on him from the T^tica Church and asked him to snp]Jy that congregation. He did so and for twelve years he supplied them until they reunited with the old pastorate. In the mean- time he had begun preaching at Pleasant Hill and Braddock. He built a nice little chapel at Braddock and paid for it when finished. After fourteen or fifteen years he gave up Braddock but is still preaching at Pleasant Hill. In March, 1902, his dear wife departed this life. REV. CHARLES WILLIAM HESS. Rev. Hess was born De- cember 17, 1872, the son of Charles M. and Elizabeth Smith (Bushey) Hess, who were members of Trinity Lutheran Church of Taneytown, Maryland. His life was spent on his father's farm near Taneytown until he was twenty years of age. At this time he entered the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania Col- 574 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. leg-e, Gettysburg-, Pennsylvania, and graduated from college with tlie class of 1898, with the degree of A.B. He entered the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg the same fall and graduated from this institution in 1901 with the degree of B.D. On January 2, 1902, he took charge of the Lutheran Church at Brunswick, Maryland, and has served this congregation con- tinously until the present time. In connection with his work at Brunswick he has at various times supplied the congregations at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia : NeersA'ille, Virginia, and Peters- ville, Maryland. REV. FERDINAND HESSE. Rev. Hesse was born near Jones Spring, Berkeley County, AVest Virginia, twelve miles west of Martinsburg, West Virginia. When but four years old his par- ents moved near Martinsburg, a mile from the city. His father died when he was fifteen years old and he was sent by his mother for one year to a Classical School in Martinsburg, conducted by Professor Diffenderfer. After this he spent two years on the farm with his mother. In 1887 he attended Lebanon Valley Col- lege, at Annville, Pennsyhvania, in the Preparatory Department. In January, 1888, he entered the Preparatory Department at Gettysburg. In the fall of that same year he entered Pennsyl- vania College at Gettysburg, and graduated from this institution in 1892. He entered the seminary at Gett3^sburg that fall and finished the course there in two years. He received a call from the Nev/ Oxford f Pennsylvania) Charge and entered upon the work on June 1, 1894. He was pas- tor here for over nine years. He served next at Grace Church, Philadelphia, beginning his M^ork in this field on September 1, 1903. For four years he served Grace Church. In 1907 he ac- cepted a call to the Smithsburg Charge, Washington County, Maryland, and is serving that charge at the present time. On September 1, 1903, he married Effie Greenholt, of Hanover, Pennsylvania. REV. WILLIAM HESSE, D.D. On October 9, 1856, Rev. Hesse was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, of Ludwig and Agatha Velder Hesse. He was baptized by the pastor of the German con- gregation at Martinsburg, West Virginia, and was catechized and confirmed by Rev. M. L. Culler, D.D., pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church, Martinsburg. His early education was re- ceived in the public schools, and after a short course in Dr. Hyde's college, he taught in the public schools. Being under deep conviction to preach the Gospel, he was persuaded to enter the United Brethren Church in 1880. By this denomination he was ordained at Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1883 by Bishop J. Dixon, and he served churches in Virginia and Pennsylvania con- ferences until 1888. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 575 Through the endeavors of Rev. J. M. Ditzler, of Annville, Pennsylvania, and Rev. G. W. Enders, D.D., of York, Pennsyl- vania, he returned to the Lutheran Church. At Cumberland, Maryland, in October, 1888, he was received into the Maryland Synod. He accepted a call to Harper's Ferry Charge, where he was installed December 9, 1888. On November 10, LS89, he became pastor of the charge at Martins Creek, Pennsylvania, in the East Pennsjdvania Synod. During his first year here there were 104 ac- cessions. On April 20, 1893, he accepted, a call to the Plumville C'harge in the Pittsburgh Synod. While here he organized the St. jMatthew's congregation at Rock- ville and built two churches. His next pastorate was at Minerva, Ohio, where he began his labors on May 4, 1897. Here he built a fine new church and the congrega- tion was put on a firm basis. Two years later he entered upon the work of the Pleasant City Charge, of the East Ohio Synod. At Cam- bridge, Ohio, he organized what is now a flourishing congrega- tion. On October 1, 1902, he began his pastorate at Brookville, Pennsylvania, and while here two young men were led to the Gospel ministry. He was called to Grace Lutheran Church at Leechburg, Pennsylvania, on May 15, 1907. In September, 1911, he entered upon his new field of labor at Coatesville, Pennsyl- vania, as pastor of the Church of Our Saviour. Here he finished the building of the church edifice and secured the li(|uidation of a large portion of the debt. Since leaving Coatesville, Rev. Hesse has lived retired in his home near Martinsburg, West Virginia, supplying when called upon to do so. In addition to his equipment for the work of the ministry that he received in the Ignited Brethren Church, he read Theology and PhilosophV under the direction of Dr. M. Valentine and Dr. Richard, also a special course outlined by Dr. H. W. McKnight. He later studied Philosophy at W^ooster University and received the degree of Doctor of Divinitv from Muskingum College in June, 1904. He married Ruth Elizabeth VanMetre, of Martinsburg, AA^est Virginia, on June 6, 1878. To them have been born five chil- dren : Mary Agatha, wife of Rev. J. Fulton Wilson, Bellevue, Pennsylvania ; Louella Virginia, deceased ^^^fe of Rev. Charles 576 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. Brosius, Muhlenburg- Mission, Africa ; Charles Felder VaiiMetre, pastor of Grace Lutheran Church, Red Lion, Pennsylvania ; Mar- g'aret Jane, a Red Cross nurse in the United States Navy; and William Nelson, who is employed by the Tide-water Oil Com- pany as a chemist. REV. WILLIAM LOUIS HEUSER. The subject of this sketch is the son of Louis C. and Lilla E. Heuser and was born at Wytheville, A^irginia, April 23, 1870. In 1876 the family re- moved to Baltimore, Maryland, where his father was principal of English-German School, No. 5, for a number of years. He was baptized in infanc.y by Rev. Alex- ander Phillippi, of Wytheville, Virginia. In 1886 he was con- firmed in the Second English Lu- theran Church of Baltimore by Rev. Luther Kuhlman, D.D. He received his education in the pub- lic schools of Baltimore, Mary- land, the School for Christian Workers, Springfield, Massachu- setts, and Gettysburg Theological Seminary. In 189-1: he was li- censed to preach by the Maryland Synod at Frostburg, Maryland, and was ordained at Baltimore the following year by the same Synod. In 1893-94 he was assistant to Rev. J. G. Goettman, D.D., in Trinity Lutheran Church, Alle- gheny, Pennsylvania. He has served as pastor of the following charges : The Manor Charge, Frederick County, Maryland, 1897 to 1904; St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, East McKees- port, Pennsylvania, 1904 to 1905; Zion's Lutheran Church, Athens, New York, 1905 to 1908; The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Raymertown, New York, 1908 to 1912; St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Clarksburg, West Virginia, 1912 to 1918, where an attractiA^e and well appointed church was erected during his pastorate; Holy Trinity Evangelical Luther- an Church, Newark, Ohio, 1918 to 1919 ; and the First Lutheran Church of Upper Sandusky, Ohio, since August 1, 1919. In 1897 he was united in marriage to Anna Luella McCain, of Allegheny, Pennsylvania. Two children are the fruit of this union, Louis Glass Heuser, born 1901, died in infancy, and Agnes Dora Heuser, born 1903. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 577 KEV. FREDERICK ARNOLD HIGHTMAN. The subject of this sketch was born January 10, 1876, at Burkittsville, Fred- erick County, Maryland, in the home of liis parents, Martin Lu- ther Hig'htman and wife Lovetta, nee Arnold. In his home here at Burkittsville he lived for sixteen years. His g'randfather, John Hightman, was for years the superintendent of St. Paul's Lutheran Sunday school of Burkittsville, and also served as Judge of the Orphans' Court at Frederick. After the death of his g'randfather and his father in the same year, 1892, he labored for six years as clerk for his uncle, Martin Luther Horine. Dur- ing his college course at Gettysburg, he labored several years for the Maryland Tract Society in Allegheny and Garrett Counties and in the southeastern suburbs of Baltimore, and later while in seminary he had the privilege of serving in York County, Penn- sylvania, for one summer as their local Home Missionary Solici- tor, thus having the opportunity of preaching in nearly all of the Lutheran churches in that great Lutheran center, with the result that a sufficient amount was secured as a nucleus for the erection of a chapel at Railroad, near Shrewsbury. After graduating at the college in 1902, receiving the degree of A.B., and at the Theological Seminary in 1905, receiving the degree of B.D., he was called to the Hebron Lutheran Church at Avonmore, Pennsylvania, and while there was ordained by the Pittsburgh Synod at Connellsville, in October, 1905. He was commissioned by the Home Mission Board to take up, on March 1, 1908, the work of establishing a mission on Park Heights Avenue, in Baltimore, between Druid Hill Park and Belvedere Avenue on the North. But a few weeks later he was asked, in view of the Local Church Extension Society's request, to assume also the work of founding a mission on the Belair Avenue (Gay Street extended), one half mile south of Overlea. He thus had charge of the two fields until September, 1909, when he was re- lieved of the Park Heights Mission and was elected in February, 1909, as the permanent pastor of Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church of Powellnaron. The "Epiphany" congregation, as it is called since 1918, became self-sustaining in February, 1918, and on May 1, 1919, cleared all the indebtedness on their property valued'at $10,000. On the following Sunday Mr. and Mrs. Powell made a most generous offer to donate $15,000 toward the erection of a church building. Thus they have proved again their devo- tion to their beloved Lutheran Zion and their friendship and love for their pastor. With the bright prospects before him of soon enjoying the oversight of a $40,000 church to be erected in front of the present chapel. Rev. Hightman is hoping to have a long and blessed service with his people. 37 578 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. KEV. CHARLES JOHN HINES. Rev. Hines was born in Balti- more, Maryland, September I, 1883. His parents, Henry Clay, Hines and Ella Baylies Hines, are both living. The young lad was confirmed b.v Doctor I. C. Burke on April 18, 1897. As a result of Christian home training the young man decided to be- come a minister in his early teens. He received his early educa- tion in the public schools of Baltimore, and also took the full five- year course at the Baltimore City College, from which institution he graduated in 1902. In the fall of the same year he entered the Junior Class of Penns^dvania College and graduated in 1904. In 1907 he graduated from the Theological Seminary. Upon the completion of his seminary course he did some tem- porary work under the direction of the Missionary Superintend- ent of the Philadelphia Conference. In February, 1908, he en- tered upon his first pastorate at Huntington, West Virginia. The work here had just been begun under the direction of the West Virginia Missionary Committee of the Maryland Synod and the Home Mission Board. Rev. Hines was the first regular pastor and the charge was then in the Maryland Synod. He labored here for three years, during which time he doubled the membership. He also purchased a lot upon which a church was built in later years. From December 1, 1910, to December 1, 1914, he was pastor of the long-established Burkittsville Charge in Frederick County. During the time he served this charge there were advances in various lines, especially was all the prop- erty improved. Since December 1, 1914, he has been pastor of Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Baltimore. The church property has been freed from debt and many additions have been made to the membership. On October 20, 1908, he married Adrienne Burns, daughter of Mrs. Diana Templeton Burns and the late Dr. A. C. Burns. There are two children, Adrienne and Virginia Leigh. KEV. GEORGE E. HIPSLEY. This son of the Maryland Synod was born in Baltimore, Maryland, January 21, 1871. Tn 1893 he graduated from Pennsylvania College. He received his Theo- logical course at Susquehanna University and taught there dur- ing his course in theology. Tn 1894 he married Ada H. Seward in Baltimore, Maryland, Rev. Charles R. Trowbridge perform- ing the ceremony. Rev. Hipsley accepted a call to Gordon, Pennsylvania, in 1896, and served there until 1900 when he went to St. Luke's Church, Baltimore, Maryland. Here he served until 1908 when he ac- cepted a call to Red Hook, New York, where he is located at present. He has served as president of the Hudson Conference of the Synod of New York and for four years on the Examining Com- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 579 mittee of the same Synod. He is at present serving his second year as president of the Synod of New York. REV. EDWIN E. IDE, D.D. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, October 20, 1863, the son of Kev. Ernest C. and Charlotte Main Tde. He was baptized by his grandfather, Rev. William G. Ide, pastor of Trinity Reformed Church, Baltimore, Maryland. His father, Rev. Ernest C. Ide, confirmed the boy during his pastorate at Trinity Lutheran Church, Jersey City, New Jersey. He was educated in the church schools at Gardenville and Annapolis, Maryland ; the public schools at Laurel, Maryland, and Jersey City, New Jersey. His classical training was furnished by the Missionary Institute at Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, and his theological education at the seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, graduating from the latter institution on June 11, 1891. In his preparation for the ministry' he was assisted financially by special appropriations made by the late Augustus Koonts, of Brooklyn, New York, through the Ministerial Education Committee of the Maryland Synod. The same synod examined and licensed him at its meet- ing, in Washington, District of Columbia, in 1890. On October 9th of the following year he was ordained by this synod at Hagerstown, Maryland. On September 29, 1891, he was married to Bertha C. Timmer- man, of Highland, Howard County, Marjdand. To this couple have been born four daughters. His first charge was St. Paul's Church, Edgemont, Washing- ton County, Maryland, together with the churches at Rouzerville and Quincy, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He began his min- isterial labors here in June, 1891, and resigned December 31, 1892. He then inaugurated experimental missionary operations in the suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland, in January, 1893. He organized Trinitv Evangelical Lutheran Church of Baltimore, Maryland, on October 1. 1893. In the fall of 1919 he had the honor and unspeakable joy of celebrating the twenty-sixth anni- versary of a very happy pastorate, and the highest honor ever enjoyed, that of a servant for Christ 's sake. REV. CHARLES STORK JONES. Rev. Jones was born in Bal- timore City of James H. and \'irginia Henning Jones. He was baptized into St. Mark's Church of Baltimore by Dr. Charles A. Stork and was confirmed in the same church by Dr. Charles S. Albert. He was educated in the public schools of Baltimore, and graduated from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, June 20, 1895. He also graduated from the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg on June 2, 1898. He was licensed by the Maryland Sj'nod at W^ashington, District of Columbia, in 1897, and was oi'dained by the same synod at Trinity Lutheran Church, Taney- 580 HISTORY OF MAKYLANI) SYNOD. town, Maryland, on October 23, 1898. He received the dejiree of A.M. froni Pennsylvania ('olle<»'e in 1908. On Jnne 20, 1808, he was married to Laura V. Arnistron(>', of Baltimore. Two daughters have blessed this union, one of whom is living. He was pastor of the mission at Sparrow's Point, Maryland, from June 1, 1898, to June 1, 1900, building the present church. He served ►^t. Paul's, Arcadia, Mary- land, from June 1, 1900, to Sep- tember 1, 1902. He then became pastor of St. Mark's, Steelton, Pennsylvania, until June 1, 1904, when he removed to Lionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and became pastor of St. Paul's Church of that place until Decem- ber 15, 1908. He has been pastor of Zion Lutheran Church, Lykens, Pennsylvania, from that date un- til the present. He has published a history of St. Paul's, Arcadia, Maryland, one of the oldest churches in the state and also a history of Zion's, Lykens, Pennsylvania. REV. JOHN FREDERICK FLAUGHER KAYHOE was l)orn February 1, 1857, ]iear Leitersburg, Washington County, Mary- land. When three weeks old, his parents, Matthias and Barbary Ann Kayhoe, carried him to St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Leiters- burg, Maryland, where the pastor baptized him in the presence of the regular Sunday morning audience. At the age of twenty- one he was confirmed by Rex. X. J. Richardson, the pastor of this same church, where his membership remained until he en- tered the ministry. Rev. Kayhoe received his secondary education in the public schools of Washington County, taught in the same, studied under tutors until entitled to a life-certificate, outranking a diploma of the Maryland State Normal School. At the advice of his pastor. Rev. Victor Miller, D.D., he turned his attention to ministerial work. In the fall of 1882 he matriculated in the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary, Gettysburg, Pa., from which he was regularly graduated, June 23, 1885. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in September, 1884, and ordained by the Synod of Central Illinois the following September July 23, 1889, Mr. Kayhoe and Miss Mary Helena Weber were married in Carey, Ohio, Rev. Adam Schafer, Ph.D., officiating. THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 581 Two dauohters were born : Miss Naomi Ijouisa and Miss Ruth C. Kayhoe. These received degrees from standard institutions, and at present writing are occupying resi^onsible positions in institu- tions of like grade. Mt. Carmel, Illinois, was his first pastorate. The pastorate had been eighteen months vacant. After three years he was called to Ohio. Since that time that Lu- theran Church never failed to meet its apportionment. A Home Mission secretary said of him : Kayhoe is doing Home Mission work at his own expense. Tpon assuming tlie pastorate of the English Lutheran Church of Up- per Sandusky, Ohio, he found a field struggling to stay off of Home Mission funds. While here he was married. Two years later he accepted the call to the Bryan, Ohio Mission. Six years later ho left this church able to do without mission aid, in possession of a valuable parsonage, free of all debt. In four years the church, upon assuming self-support, "had paid back in benevolence more than it had received aid from the boards.'" Wells Memorial Lu- theran Church, Goshen, Indiana, was the next pastorate. The church was in the sheriff's hands, Goshen in the midst of "a financial panic," the people helpless. About all that could be hoped for was to secure the property for the Church Extension Board, before the call to Mt. Carmel, Illinois, was followed. Here the old parsonage property was sold, a new one built beside the church," — a building demanding some such changes as continue to come its way. Elwood, Indiana, a Home Mission, called. Here w^ork looking to proper location of the mission was planned, when the call to Grace Lutheran Church, Louisville, Kentucky, came — another mission, but only for a year. After five and a half years, instead of $2,000 debt, the church owned the lot on which the present parsonage stands, and the congregation never fails to meet all its benevolent obligations. Since July 1, 1909, St. Paul's Mission, Nashville, Tennessee, has demanded his attention. Mrs. Kayhoe and tlie daughters, as at other places, being of much help. While pastor at Louisville, Mr. Kayhoe completed the course in law for LL.B., stood the necessary examination and was admitted to the Louisville bar, — is entitled to practice law in Kentucky. He also availed himself of the privilege of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in that city, taking the graduate course 582 HISTORY OF MARYr.ANi) SYNOD. k)okiii-e in Omaha, in 1861 before the church in tlie Indian village, now the metropolitan city of Omaha, w^as built. In 1872 his father removed from Omaha to Newberry, South Carolina. He was confirmed by his father in Luther Chapel, Newberry. He entered the Preparatory Department of New- berry College and was a student there durino' 1878-79. AVhen his father removed to Westminster, Maryhmd, he entered Western Maryland College where he remained until the end of his Junior year in 1880, when he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettys- burg (in 1880) and graduated in the class of 1883 with the de- gree of A.B. He received the degree of A.M. from his Alma Mater in 1883 and in 1918 the degree of Litt.D. He graduated from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in 1886. He was licensed to the Gospel ministry by the Maryland Synod in session at St. Mark's Lutheran Church, Baltimore, in 1885, the Rev. M. W. Hamma, D.D., preaching the sermon. He was or- dained to the Lutheran ministry in 1886 by the Pittsburgh Synod of the General Synod at Millerstown, Pennsylvania, Rev. E. H. Dornblaser, D.D., preaching the sermon. He was pastor at Free- port and Tarentum, known as the Freeport Charge, and at Brad- dock and Turtle Creek known as the Braddock (charge, 1886-87; founded Grace Lutheran Church, Omaha, Nebraska, in 1887, and contiiuuHl as pastor of this congregation until February, 1903. For twelve years he was secretary of the Traveling Secretary Committee, the missionary committee of the Nebraska Synod. He has twice been a delegate to the General Synod, served three terms as trustee of Midland College and for several years has been a member of the Beneficiary Committee of the Nebraska Svnod. He was president of the Nebraska Synod for the vears 1899-1902. He was a member of the convention in the First Church, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, October 31, 1895, w^hich organized the Lu- ther League of America. With this convention he became a mem- ber of the Executive Committee of the Luther League of America and continued as a member of the Executive Committee until June, 1919. From 1902 to 1916 he was general secretary of the Luther League of America and 1908-9 he carried the Luther League idea around the world to the Lutheran mission fields. From 1895 to 1916 he was associate editor of the Lnilier League Review and since August, 1916, and until June, 1919, editor of both the Luther League Review and also of The Luther League Topics. He was the author of the Luther League hand-book. For three years he was editor of the Young People's Topics in 586 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. the Young Men's Jounuil, Omaha, and for a year edited the Sun- day school lessons in the same journal. He is a member of the Trans-Mississippi Historical Society, Oi! the Nebraska Academy of Science and of the Nebraska Society Sons of the American Revolution of which organization he is a past president and held the position of registrar for a number of years in this society. He is the author of various pamphlets on religious topics. He is living in Omaha to-day and has been ac- tive in the war and reconstruction and relief work of the Lu- theran Church. He was a member of the first convention of the Ignited Lutheran Church in America, in New York City in 1918, having been a delegate from the Nebraska Synod to the General Synod in Chicago in 1917, the last convention of that body prior to the session of the General Synod for the conclusion of its busi- ness and entrance upon the merger into the Ignited Lutheran Church in America. He is a charter member of the Lutheran Brotherhood of America. REV. BENJAMIN REIGLE LANTZ, D.D., son of John Nelson and Mary Hoffman Lantz, was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, March 8, 1874. He was baptized in infancy by the Rev. Henry Luckenbaugh, then pastor of Trin- ity Lutheran Church of Hagers- town. His parents died before he M^as two years old and in F'ebru- ary, 1876, he was received into the Tressler Orphans' Home at Loys- ville, Pennsvlvania. He was con- firmed by the Rev. G. D. E. Scott in the Lutheran Church in Loys- ville when he was thirteen years old. In 1889 he entered the Pre- paratory Department at Gettys- burg, Pennsylvania. He gradu- ated from Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg in June, 3894. After a j^ear in business he en- tered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and was graduated in June, 1898. He was licensed to preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments, October 14, 1897, at the meeting of the Maryland Synod in Washington, District of Columbia. He was ordained as a minister of the Gospel at the meeting of the East Pennsyl- vania Synod in the Asbury Park Auditorium, Asbury Park, New Jersey, September 18, 1898. In June, 1898, the Rev. Mr. Lantz accepted a call to the St. Paul's Lutheran Church of Millersburg, Pennsylvania. He re- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 587 signed in October, 1904, and in November of the same year be- came pastor of the First Lutheran Church of St. Joseph, Mis- souri. In October, 1911, he received a call from the St. John's Lutheran Church of Salina, Kansas, and the following year en- tered upon his ministry in this place which has continued to the present time. In May, 1917, the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon the Rev. Mr. Laritz by the P'aculty and Board of Trustees of Midland College, Atchison, Kansas. Doctor Lantz has served as president and secretary of the Kan- sas Synod. This synod has honored him three times by electing him delegate, twice to the General Synod and once to the United Lutheran Church. Doctor Lantz was married to Julia Elizabeth Hutt, of Law- rence, Kansas, at Lawrence, October 9, 1901. They have four children, Josephine Lydia Lantz, John Nelson Lantz, Rachel Hutt Lantz and Benjamin Reigle Lantz, Jr. REV. CLARENCE GORDON LEATHERMAN. This son of the Maryland Synod, the oldest child of Levi C. and Lizzie A. ( nee Derr) Leatherman, was born December 28, 1875, at Lewistown, Frederick County, Maryland. When a child he was baptized by Rev. J. H. Summers, pastor of the Utica Mills Charge. After catechization he was confirmed in St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Utica Mills, by Rev. J. E. Zerger. His education began in the public schools of Lewistown and after one .year in the high school at Walkers ville, a vacancy occurred in the Maryland State Col- lege. He entered the contest and won a four years' scholarship. This however he forfeited after two years because there was no classical course at the Maryland State College and he entered Roanoke College and graduated in 1900. Three years later he was graduated from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, re- ceiving the degree of B.D. One year later Roanoke College con- ferred the Master's Degree upon him. The Maryland Synod li- censed him at Hagerstown in October, 1902, and the West Penn- sylvania Synod ordained him at Gettysburg in October, 1903. He first served the pastorate at Lemoyne, Pennsylvania, from May, 1903, to November 15, 1906. during which time a new par- sonage was built, the debt on the chapel was paid, and the mem- bership doubled. He then became pastor of the Betliany Mission of New Castle, Pennsylvania, and the Lutheran Church of Fay- etteville, nine miles to the north. In this mission the member- ship was several times increased, a beautiful chapel built and the General S.vnod work given a foothold in that city so that begin- ning with November 1. 1919, the mission became self-supporting. His pastorate at New Castle dated from November, 1906, to De- cember, 1911, at which later date he became pastor of St. Paul's Church, Yandergrift. Here as in other pastorates the member- r)88 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. sliip wiis (louhlcd, ;i. I()ii<>'-staii(liii,u' cluircli debt of ^(^5,000 was paid oft* and the pai.s()iia<>e relocated. After five years in this fiekl a call was extended to him by the Manchester parish of the Mary- land Synod and on June 2;i, 1!)1(), he was received with Mrs. Leatherman as members of Immanuel Church of Manchester and then installed as pastor. This work has been very fruitful as will be noted by the facts of his ministry. A debt of $11,000 was paid off' i)i three \'ears. Benevolence in Immanuel Church w^as paid in full for the first time in the 160 years of its history. Lazarus Church of Lineboro paid 150 per cent, of its benevolence during his pastorate. On July 27, 1919, Immainiel Cluirch voted to be- come self-support ino' and presented a petition to the Maryland Synod asking them to ratify the action. At the same time the other churches, Lazarus of Lineboro and Jerusalem of Bach- man's Valley, petitioned the synod to become the North Carroll Charge. In this parish a new parsonage was built and at the present time the North Carroll Charge is constructing a hand- some parsonage for the new pastor. On November 19, 1903, Rev. Leatherman wedded Elfie I. C*ramer, the oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George H. Cramer, of Walkersville. Three sons were born to this couple : Paul Kramer, October 29, 1905; Levi Henrv, deceased; and Clarence Daniel, July 30, 1911. REV. ROBERT LEE LEATHERMAN. The subject of this sketch was l)orn at Lewistovvn, Frederick County, Maryland, April 17, 1863. He is the son of the late Daniel Leatherman and Caroline Leatherman (wee Michael.) He was baptized by Rev. Unruh and confirmed by Rev. S. A. Hedges into St. Paul's Lutheran Church at T^tica Mills, Frederick County, Maryland. He began his education in the public schools of Lewistown and gradu- ated from Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia, in 1888. During his student days he received many honors especially in oratory, be- ing one of his class to speak on Commencement Day. After com- pleting the course at Roanoke he entered the Theological Seminary at Mount Airy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1888. While in seminary he served on the staff of the Indicator, a monthly maga- zine published by the students. He graduated from seminary in THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 589 189]. He was ordained in the office of the Christian Ministry at Pottstown, Pennsylvania, May 26, 1891, by the Ministerium of Pennsylvania. After a call from the Home Mission Board of the General Council he started for his new field of labor in Salem Church, Minneapolis, Minnesota. On July 18, 1891, he took charge of the Salem Church and served here for six years. After resign- ing his Salem congregation Rev. Leatherman came East and made his home with his father, serving as a supply at frequent intervals. In July, 1905, he accepted a call to the Mount Pleas- ant parish, Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, where he is still serv- ing as the regular pastor. Since his arrival in this field the charge has been divided and now he has charge of only the con- gregation in the Borough of Mount Pleasant. During his residence in Minneapolis, Rev. Leatherman took a post-graduate course at the University of Minnesota, specializing in Psychology, Ethics, and the History of Philosophy. In 1893 he also received the degree of A.M. from Roanoke College. REV. J. EDWARD LOWE, JR. Rev. Lowe was born near West- minster, Maryland, on August 1, 1881. He was baptized into the church by a Rev. Dotterer. His parents were J. E. and Mary Lowe. In November, 1898, he was confirmed in St. John's Lu- theran Church by Rev. S. A. Diehl. He jorepared for the min- istry in the following schools : Westminster High School, Gettys- burg College and Gettysburg Theological Seminary. The Mary- land Synod licensed him at Smithsburg in October, 1910. He was ordained by the Allegheny Synod at Everett, Pennsylvania. On September 6, 1911, he was married to Edith I. Cramer in Calvary Lutheran Church, Baltimore. During his vacation following his middle year in seminary he supplied the Glade pastorate in the Allegheny Synod. Here during the entire summer he held catechetical classes every Fri- day and Saturday. He was elected to this charge on August 14, 1910, and during the following winter, his Senior year in semi- nary. Rev. B. B. Collins supplied for him. That fall he con- firmed forty-five of that first catechetical class. He remained in charge of the work here from May 21, 1910, until January 1, 1913. During this time there were ninety-three accessions to the church membership and the benevolent contributions were dou- bled. He served at Trinity Lutheran Church, Kittanning, Pennsyl- vania, in the Pittsbui-gh Synod, from January 1, 1913, until De- cember 1, 1916, with fifty accessions. He has been at the Brook- ville, Pennsylvania, pastorate since December 1, 1916, where the membership has been doubled by his efforts. 590 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. REV. CHARLES T. McDANIEL. This son of the Maryland Synod was born in Frederick, Maryland, July 81, 1864, the son of J. Milton Mc'Daniel and his wife Frances, nfe Elkins. At the age of seven years he removed to Baltimore, Maryland, and en- tered the public schools of that city. At the age of thirteen he en- tered the Baltimore City College, graduating with honors in the full live years' course in 3881, also receiving the Peabody Prize upon graduation. Having re- ceived a scholarship from Johns Hopkins University, he spent two years there. Afterwards he spent three years at the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1886. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in St. Mark's Lutheran Church. Baltimore, in 1885, and ordained by the Olive Branch S V n o d in Jeffersontown, Ken- tucky, in 1886. In August, 1886, under the commission of the Board of Home Missions, he began his labors at Louisville, Kentucky, and became the first pastor of the Third Eng- lish Lutheran Church. While at Louisville he piirchased ground, erected a church edifice, and wiped out all the debts on the day of dedication, making it a self-sustaining church within that time. During his pastorate here he married Elsie Use of that city. He was commissioned to take up the work in northeast Baltimore and shortly after he organized and became the first pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Reformation. The ground for the church had been purchased and a temporary church building had been erected and dedicated. Through the efforts of his wife over three hundred children had been gathered in the Sunday school. And then a month later God called her and her little son to Himself. Shortly after this he resigned upon receiving an invitation to take charge as supply-pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran Church of St. Louis, Missouri, during the absence in Europe of llev. M. Rhodes, D.D. Upon Dr. Rhodes' return. Rev. McDaniel returned to mission work and organized and became the first pastor of tht Holy Trinity English Lutheran Church of St. Louis, Missouri. While in this field he visited Sedalia, Missouri, and with the ac- tive cooperation of Mr. Albert Dresel, M.D., he organized the First English Lutheran Church of Sedalia. He was elected president of the Synod of Southern Illinois and was the single THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 591 clerical delegate representing this synod at tlie (jenoral Synod meeting in Hagerstown in 1895. Because of impaired health he relinquished the work in St. Louis, but after recuperating a few months he accepted a call to St. John's Lutheran Church. Hudson, New York. On January 1, 1900, he resigned this pastorate and accepted a call to Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hillcrest-Trenton, serving here for two years. He was then called to Holy Trinity Lutheran Church of Hoboken, New Jersey, which congregation he has been serving for sixteen years. In this field he has purchased the ground for the church, erected the church building and also se- cured the handsome parsonage at a cost of $25,000. In 1900 he was married to Lulu B. Bame, of Hudson, New York. Three children have been born to them, Dorothy, Muriel and Gerald. He was a delegate to the General Synod from the Synod of New York, in 1913, at Atchison. Kansas. While in Trenton he was president of Evangelical Alliance of that city. He is now chaplain of the Hoboken Fire Department with the rank of Bat- talion Chief. REV. HENEY MANKEN, JR. Rev. Manken was born in Bal- timore, Maryland, on Christmas Day, 1870. He was confirmed on Palm Sunday in 1893, in Grace Lutheran Church, Baltimore, by Dr. O. C. Roth. He graduated from the Baltimore City College in 1897 receiving one of the fifty-dollar Peabody prizes for gen- eral scholarship and deportment. In the following year he taught both in the day and night public schools of the city. Dur- ing 1897-1900 he attended Johns Hopkins University taking courses in English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, History, Economics, Logic, Psychology, Philosophy, History of Philosophy, and Char- ity and Reform. He was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Maryland Synod at Hagerstown in 1902. In 1903 Mr. Manken graduated with the degree of B.D. from the Gettysburg Theo- logical Seminary and was called to be the first pastor of the Oneonta Lutheran Mission Church. He entered this field on August 4, 1903. The Hartwick Synod ordained him the following October at Canajoharie, New York. On October 12, 1904, Rev. Manken was united in marriage to Harriet Virginia Bream, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Manken was confirmed by Dr. A. R. Steck in St. James' Lutheran Church of Gettys])urg. After attending the Teacher's Course at the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania College, she taught for seven years in the public schools of Adams County, Pennsyl- vania. After a period of almost five years Pastor Manken re- signed the Oneonta Mission on June 15, 1908. On July 1, 1908, he assumed charge of St. Luke's Lutheran Church of Baltimore, Maryland. After a service in this his native city for ten years he 502 lUSTOKV OK MAKYLANl) SYNOD. became again a Home Missionary of the new l^oard of Home Missions and Chnrch Extension, riuler the Alliance of the Lu- theran Churches of Washi)i<>'ton a, new mission was started in the suburbs of Northwest Washington and to this work Rev. Manken now directed his energies, after assumino- charge on September 1, 1918. All the while he had been continuing the teaching of Old Testament History and Biblical Outlines in the Training School of the Baltimore Lutheran Deaconess Motherhouse, where he had been teaching since the death of Dr. Wm. S. Freas. the superintendent of Instruction, in February, 1911. REV. JOHN HENRY MAIN, D.D. Doctor Main, the son of John D. and Temmazsene Main, was born in Woodsboro, Mary- land, December 5, 1868. He was baptized the following year. His boyhood days were spent on a farm near Johnsville, Mary- land. He received his prepara- tory training for college in the public and high schools of Mid- dletown, Marvland, where he lived from 1877 to 1884. Here he also was confirmed bv Rev. L. A. Mann, D.D., in 'l881. In the spring of 1884 his parents moved to Salem, Virginia, and in the fall of that year he entered Roanoke (V)llege, where he received his first two years of college education. In September, 1886, the family moved to Hagerstown, Maryland, and he entered Pennsylvania Col- lege and graduated from that in- stitution in 1888 with the degree of A.B. In the fall of the same year he entered the Lutheran Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg and received the degree of B.D. upon his graduation in 1891. He was licensed to preach the Gospel in 1890 and ordained to the office of the Gospel ministry by the Maryland Svnod in October, 1891. His first pastorate was at Grace Church, Philadelphia, which he served from September, 1891, to May, 1903. This was suc- ceeded by his charges at First Lutheran Church, Sharpsburg, Pennsylva]iia, May, 1903, to August, 1906; Holy Trinity Luther- an Church, Wilmington, Delaware, August. 1906, to October, 1908; and Gethsemane Lutheran Church, Philadelphia, Penn- sylvania, October, 1908, to June, 1918. At Wilmington he built a beautiful church as a memorial to the notable historical event of the landing of the pioneer Swedish Lutherans in this country THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 593 on the banks of the Dehiware near Wilmington. He also estab- lished and enlarged the Lutheran work in the rapidly growing sections of West Philadelphia, at Grace Church and more re- cently at Gethsemane Church. In this latter church he built up a strong congregation and established them in the new and com- modious church edifice, a property valued at more than $100,000. During his pastorate at Gethsemane Church he pursued a special course of study and was awarded the degree of D.D. by the Cen- tral University of Indiana in 1915. He was married to Ida U. Richards, of Philadelphia, on Au- gust 8, 1898, and this union is blessed with two daughters, Gladys and Ruth. REV. WILLIAM SAMUEL TOMS METZGER. This son of the Maryland Synod was born of William and L\'dia (Toms) Metz- ger on August 15, 1849, at Myerstown, Maryland. He was reared in a Christian home where family worship was held morning and evening daily, Luther's Catechism Mas taught, the Church paper was read, and parental discipline was good. He was baptized in in- fancy by Rev. David Smith, pas- tor of St. John's L u t h e r a n Church near Ellerton, and by con- firmation b.v Rev. Hiram Knodle was received into St. Paul's Lu- theran Church, ]\Iyersville, Mary- land. He was educated at Gettys- burg, graduating from Pennsyl- vania College in 1874 and from the Theological Seminary in 1877. At Jefferson, Maryland, he was ordained by the Marvland Svnod in 1877. On October 17, 1878, he was married to Mary E. Wachtel, of Baltimore, Maryland, and from this union three sons and two daughters were born, a son and daughter dying i)i childhood. On August 8, 1918, his beloved wife, a true helpmeet and a good mother, fell asleep in Jesus. Of the sons living one was a first lieutenant in the United States army in the late war. The first eight years of his ministry were in the AVest. He was pastor at Morristown, Illinois, from 1878 to 1883, and at Twin Grove, Wisconsin, from 1884 to 1885. For nearly a year after his first pastorale he lived at Shanon, Illinois, preaching as a supply and engaged in the temperance work under the direction of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. From Wisconsin he removed to Lanark, Illinois, and returned to Maryland in 188(i. 38 594 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. Since that time he has served the following pastorates: Funks- town, 1887-1891; Dillsburg, 1891-1899; Tlmrmont, Maryland, 1899-190;J; Jefferson, Maryland, 1903-1908; Glen Gardner, New Jersey, 1909 to the present. Since 1909 he has also served as chaplain at the New Jersey State Tuberculosis Sanatorium, which is located at Glen Gardner. Twice he has been elected delegate to the General Synod. REV, FREDERICK W. MEYER. The subject of this sketch was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and was confirmed by Rev. Dr. Henry Schieb in Zion German Lutheran Church. Later he united with the Second Lutheran Ghurch of Baltimore, of which Rev. George Scholl was pastor. For twelve years Rev. Meyer was in business life and later entered tlie Y. M. C. A. work as general secretary of the Y. M. C. A., Springfield, Massachusetts, where he was engaged for eight years. From this position he resigned to take a special course in theology in 1896. After spending one year at the Gettysburg Theological Seminary he was ordained in October, 1897, in the Memorial Lutheran Church, Washington, District of Columbia. His first pastorate was in the Ravenswood English Lutheran Church, Chicago, Illinois, as home missionary from 1897 to 1903. He was the first synodical missionary for the Northern Illinois Synod during the years 1903 and 1904. During this time he or- ganized the churches at Joliet and Peoria. In 1904 he was called to become pastor of St. Matthew's Lutheran Church of Williams- port, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1908, when he went to Baltimore, Maryland, to become the home missionary pastor of Emmanuel Lutheran Church. In that same year, 1908, he was called to become the first superintendent of the newly organized Inner Mission Society of Baltimore and vicinity. This position he resigned in June, 1918, in order to give all his time to the (■amp Pastorate at Camp Meade under the supervision of the Na- tional Lutheran Commission for Soldiers' and Sailors' Welfare. In December, 1919, he accepted a call to the Lovettsville Charge of the Maryland Synod. REV. HENDERSON NEIFFER MILLER, Ph.D. Doctor Miller, the son of Calvin J. and Jemiie S. Miller, was born in Salisbury, North Carolina, on June 8, 1872, and was baptized November 3, 1872, by Rev. J. G. Neiff'er, pastor of St. John 's Lutheran C'hurch of the same place. He was confirmed in this church by Rev. Charles B. King. Rev. Miller's early education was received in the public schools of Salisbury. North ('arolina College, Mount Pleasant, North Carolina, is his Alma Mater from which he re- ceived the degrees of A.B. and A.M. During his senior year he was tutor, and in the scholastic year after graduation he returned to college as an assistant instructor and post-graduate student, THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 595 but ill health compelled him to relinquish this work before the middle of the session. In January, 1891, he entered Clettysburg Theological Seminary, graduating in 1894. While a student in the seminary he began a post-graduate course in Pennsylvania College which he later finished in absentia, receiving the degree Ph.D. He was ordained by the Maryland Synod at Frostburg, Maryland, in 1894. His first pastorate was a mis- sion at Brunswick, Maryland. Later Doctor Miller spent a sum- mer at the TTniversity of Chicago studying Hebrew and pursued the fourth-year course in the Chicago Theological Seminary, receiving the degree of B.D. Doctor Miller has been pastor at Brunswick, Maryland ; Manning, North Car- olina; Middlepoint, Ohio; First English Lutheran Church, Co- lumbus, Ohio ; Wytheville, Vir- ginia; Macon, Georgia; and is now (1919) pastor of Holy Trin- ity Lutheran Church, Greenville, Pennsylvania. Doctor Miller has been an educator as well as a pastor. For five years he was president of Mount Amoena Female Seminary, Mount Pleasant, North Carolina, and for three years president of Marion College, Marion, Virginia. During the world war Doctor Miller was camp pastor at Camp Wheeler, a training camp at Macon, Georgia. He was married in 1894 to Cora L. Patterson, China Grove, North Carolina, who has always been a great help in every pastorate he has served. Four children bless this union, three daughters and a son. REV. LUTHER F. MILLER. This son of the Maryland Synod was born near Clearspring, Maryland, October IB, 1872, the son of Rev. Victor Miller and his wife Mary Spickler. In infancy he was baptized by Rev. Christian Startzman. After the death of his mother in his early years he was cared for by his grand- mother and aunt, until he was ten years old when his father re- married, his second wife being Josephine Newcomer. In ]S82 his family moved to Leitersburg, Maryland, where his father had been called as pastor of the church. Here he received his early education in the public schools and he was confirmed by his fa- ther at this place. In 1891 he graduated from high school and entered the Freshmen Class at Pennsylvania College, Gettys- burg, and graduated from this institution in 1895 as one of the 596 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. honor men in his chiss. From 1895 to 1898 he attended the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburo-. During his senior year he sup- plied at Sabillasville, Maryland. At its meeting in Washington, District of Columbia, in 1897, the Maryland Synod licensed the young man, and the following year he was ordained by the same synod at Taneytown, Maryland. In the summer of 1898 he accepted a call to the Mount Calvary Lutheran Church, Westernport, Maryland, and served there until the summer of 1904. During his pastorate here the debt on the church was li(piidated and in a nearby mining village, Barnum, West A'irginia, a small congregation was organized and a frame church built. This congregation has si)ice been disbanded due to changes in population and mine ownership. During the next year or so he toured in Europe and especially made a pilgrimage to the Luther country. On January 1, 1906, he became pastor of Bethany Evangelical Lutheran ('hurch of Baltimore, Maryland. The work here was difficult and discouraging until 1909 when the church building was condemned and the church was forced to change its location. Then in a developing section of the city a chapel was built and paid for, and the congregation and Sunday school were greatly increased. During his residence in the city Rev. Miller has availed him- self of the educational opportunities which Baltimore offers, for several j'ears taking a course at Johns Hopkins I^niversity. REV. S. J. MILLER. This son of the Maryland Synod was born near Smithsburg, Washington County, Maryland. He re- ceived his early education in the public schools and then attended the academy, which is now known as the Washington County High School. He taught school for three years and then entered the Sophomore Class at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in 1894. He graduated from this institution with the class of 1897. In the following September he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and completed his course there in 1900 with the degree of B.D. Rev. Miller has served two pastorates. He entered upon his ministry at St. John's Lutheran Churcli, Sparrow's Point, Mary- land, on August 1, 1900. His second and present pastorate began on October 1, 1902, at the Church of Our Saviour, West Arling- ton, Baltimore, Maryland. REV. VICTOR MILLER, D.D. Doctor Miller was born near Clearspring, Maryland, on October 24, 1834, of Sanuiel and Mary Firey Miller. He was the only survivor of ten children. In in- fancy he was baptized. He attended school in St. Paul's Church under New England teachers and then clerked in a country store for four years. From 1851-53 he received catechetical instruc- tion from Pastors Startzman and Bishop. He confirmed his bap- THE SONS OP THE SYNOD. 597 tismal vows in Ai)ril, 1853, and began to prepai-e for college in the Academy at Williamsport. hi 1854 lie entered the Fresh- man Class at Gettysburg and was graduated in 1858 with honor. While pursuing his seminary studies he acted as tutor for one year. He spent a part of his second year in Union Seminary and while benefited he was not satisfied and returned early in the spring to Gettysburg, where he reentered the seminary class and was graduated in the fall of 1861. He was licensed in Baltimore in 1861 and ordained the following year in Washington. In March, 1862, Dr. Miller was" elected to the Fayetteville, Pennsylvania, Charge in Lawrence and Mercer Counties at a sal- ary of $400. Here he served for more than nine years. He had married in Maryland in 1865. Clergyman's sore throat increas- ing on him forced his resignation in May, 1871, at his physician's stern demand of "stop or die." In September of 1862 he was visiting his mother in Maryland and was present during the Battle of Antietam, a most memora- ble experience. In July, 1863, when Harrisburg was threatened with capture and the Battle of Gettysburg raged, he enlisted in the 55th Regiment of Pennsylvania State Troops and was sent to Parkersburg, West Virginia. Then they were sent to Blen- nerhasset Island to check Morgan's raid through southern Ohio, but Morgan was captured before he reachcnl the position of the Pennsylvania troops. Dr. Miller then returned lo Maryland and purchased half interest in a store in Clearspring in 1872, but in 1873 his wife, the mother of his three small children, died, so he sold his share of the store and was urged by the county superin- tendent to try teaching to aid his throat. During the summer of 1877 by recjuest of the Clearspring Charge he supplied them until they elected Rev. S. M. Firey. Dr. Miller taught for eight years and in January, 1881, he was asked to become the first pastor of tlie newdy formed Leitersburg Charge, created from the peaceful division of the large Smiths- burg Charge. Although realizing his former throat trouble he accepted, trusting God to help him. During his pastorate he built a nice parsonage and rebuilt both churches in a few years. He acted as secretary of the synod for nineteen consecutive years. In 1882 he remarried. After serving the charge for thirty-three and a half years he felt it necessary to resign to increasing mus- cular nervousness which made it scarcely possible for him to ad- minister the communion service. In 1914 he resigned from the active pastorate and removed to Hagerstown. In accepting his resignation the congregation elected him Pastor Emeritus and in 1917 his Alma Mater honored him with the title of Doctor of Di- vinity. He has seen eight of his membership enter the ministry. REV. WILLIAM G. MINNICK. Rev. Minnick, the son of Ezra and Henrietta Minnick, was born at Middletown, Frederick 598 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. County, Maryland, in the heart of the famous Middletown Valley which has furnished so many men for the ministry of the Luther- an Church. He attended the public school in his native town and prepared for entrance into the Sophomore Class of Pennsylvania College in a private school conducted by Professor William L. Avis. Not being able to enter college at that time. Rev. Minnick taught for three years in the public schools, during which time he prepared himself for entrance into the Junior Class of Penn- sylvania College, from which institution he graduated in 1890 being one of the honor men of his class. He entered the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in the fall of 1890 and graduated in 1893. He was licensed by the Maryland S3'nod in 1892 and ordained by the same body in 1893. After graduating from seminary Rev. Minnick accepted the appointment as principal of the High School at Middletown, and taught for a few^ months, resigning to accept a call to the Mount Joy Charge, consisting of the Mount Joy congregation in Adams County, Pennsylvania, and St. Paul's congregation at Harney, Maryland, which charge he served for more than fourteen years. During this time he served as secretary and president of the Adams County Conference ; was recording secretary of the West Pennsylvania Synod for three years and its statistical secretary for a number of years. He resigned this charge to accept a call to Concordia Church, Baltimore, Maryland, and while serving this church, was president of the Lutheran Church Extension Society of Baltimore City for one year. The next church he served was St. John's, Cumberland, Maryland. He was com- pelled to give up this work on account of impaired health, due to the long-continued illness of his aged father. Going to Baltimore for treatment, he acted as supply pastor for several years. His health being fully restored, he accepted a call to become pastor of the Mission Church at Lauraville, now within the limits of Baltimore City, of which church he is now pastor. Rev. Minnick was a delegate to the General Synod, at its ses- sions in Des Moines, Iowa, and Akron, Ohio. For a number of years he has been statistical secretary of the Maryland Synod and the secretary of the Association of Lutheran Ministers born in Middletown Vallej*. He is the author of the brochure, "The Sufficiency of the Doctrines of the Lutheran Church in Her Di- vine Mission," and has contributed a number of articles to the religious and secular press. REV. ALBERT OSWALD MULLEN. This son of the Maryland Synod was born in Smithsburg, Maryland, on January 10, 1867. He was baptized by Rev. J. W. Grimm, pastor of the United Brethren Church at Wolfsville, Maryland. Rev. D. B. Ployd, pas- tor of the Lutheran Church at Boonsboro, Maryland, confirmed him. His higher education he received at Pennsylvania College, THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 599 Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1891, and from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg he graduated in 1894. He was licensed in St. Mark's Lutheran Church, Baltimore, Maryland, in 1893. On October 11, 1894, he was ordained by the Maryland Synod at Frostburg, Maryland; Rev. Edwin H. Delk was presi- dent at that time. He entered the ministry from the Third English Lutheran C h u r c h, Baltimore, Maryland, of which Rev. I. C. Burke was pastor. Rev. Mullen was pastor at Wat- sontown, Pennsylvania, from 1894 until 1903, and at Ard- more, Pennsylvania, from 1903 to 1904. He was chaplain of the Maryland Penitentiary, Balti- more, Maryland, from 190") to 1913. During his residence in Baltimore Rev. Mullen was a post- graduate student in Political Economy, Political Science, and History of Philosojiliy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, from 1907 to 1913. " He has served in tlie following several oftices in tlie Church : Secretary of the Suscpiehanna Synod, 1897-] 900 ; member of the Educational Committee of the West Pennsylvania Synod, 1916- ; assistant secretar,y of the General Svnod, 1899, 1901; sta- tistical secretary of the General Synod, 1899, 1901, 1903. Rev. Mullen was married to Lulu Grace Bikle, in St. John's Lutheran Church, Hagerstown, Maryland, on June 27, 1895, by Rev. S. W. Owen. REV. PHILIP H. R. MULLEN. The subject of this sketch was born in Ringgold, Washington County, Maryland, October 25, 1878, the son of Amos F. and Hannah S. Mullen. He was baptized at the home of his grandfather, Philip Oswald, on April 13, 1879, by Rev. X. J. Richardson, pastor of Trinity Lutheran Church, Smithsburg, Marjdand. He was confirmed in tlie Third English Lutheran Church of Baltimore, Maryland, April 3, 1893, by Rev. I. C. Burke, D.D. At the age of two years his parents moved to Boonsboro, Maryland, and from here to Pekin, Illinois, and subsequently to Baltimore. Here in the fall of 1886 he started to public school and later attended the Baltimore City College, from which he graduated in 1899 with honors. In the fall of that 3^ear he entered the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and graduated from this institution with noo HISTORY OP MARYTiAND SYNOD. the class of 11)01. Tliree years later upon tlie completion of his theolojiical course at the seminary at (iettysburg he was »>radu- ated with the degree of B.I), from the seminary and A.M. from the college. He was licensed on October 25, 1903, by the Mary- land Synod at Williamsport, Maryland, and the following- year (1904) he was ordained by the same synod meeting in St. John's Lutheran Church, Martinsburg, West Virginia. In November of the same year he took charge of his first pastor- ate at Maytown, Pennsylvania. From Maytown he moved to Free- port, Illinois, and entered upon his Avork there in January, 1908. During his pastorate here he re- modeled the church, built a new parsonage, and served as secre- tary of the Northern Illinois Synod for a period of four years. He was also elected delegate from this synod to the General Synod Akron, Ohio, in 1915, making a report to that body as a member of the Board of Trustees of Na- chusa Orphanage. Receiving a call from St. John's Lutheran Church, Swissdale, Pennsylvania, he took up the work there in September, 1915, and is still serving this pastorate. Here he built a new parsonage and is at present serving upon the Min- isterial Education Committee of the Pittsburgh Synod. He was married February 1, 1905, in St. John's Lutheran Church, Hagerstown, Maryland, to Clara W. O'Neal. Two chil- dren, Elizabeth Calverta O'Neal and John Philip Edward, have blessed this union. REV. EDGAR CARLTON MUMFORD. The subject of this sketch was the son of John W. and Susan C. (Cochran) Mumford and was born in Middletown Valley, November 12, 1877. His earlj' life was spent on the farm and he received his early educa- tion at the public schools. He graduated from the Middletown High School in 1897. He taught school in the public schools of Frederick County, and graduated from Frederick College in 1900. He was a member of Zion Lutheran Church, Middletown, Maryland, and for a time was superintendent of the Sunday school. He entered the Sophomore Class at Gettysburg College in 1900 and graduated from college in 1903, and from the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg in 1906. Rev. Mumford has served the following charges: Home Mis- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 601 sioii^ Pastor of Grace Churoli, Trenton, New Jersey, in 190G and 1907, durino- which time he reorganized the mission whicli had been vacant; from 1907 to 1910 pastor at St. John's, Littlestown, Pennsylvania; Home Mission Pastor at Mount Union, Pennsyl- vania, from 1910 to 1916; and from that time to the present pastor of Messiah English Lutheran CUuireh, Baltimore, Mary- land. On April 29, 1908, he wedded Mary Maude Beard, daughter of Rev. M. L. Beard, then pastor at Thurmont, Maryland. Four children have blessed this union, Karl Luther, John David, Paul Jones, and Lois Katharine. REV. A. G. NULL. Rev. Null was born in Carroll County, Maryland, of Lutheran parents. His early education was re- ceived in the public schools and from the eighth grade he entered the Sub-freshmen Class of the Western Maryland College at Westminster, Maryland, and after five years' study was gradu- ated with the A.B. degree. He entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and graduated from this institution in 1905 with the degree of B.D. The East Pennsylvania Synod ordained him in October of the same year in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He has served with success the following pastorates : Pikeland, Pennsylvania, July, 1905, to April, 1907; Fairmont, West Vir- ginia, May, 1907, to November, 1908 ; Jetferson, Maryland, No- vember, 1908, to March, 1914; Petersburg, Pennsvlvania, March, 1914, to June, 1917; Ellicott City, Maryland, June, 1917, to the present. REV. ELBERT E. ONEY. Rev. Oney was born in Washington County, Virginia. His father was Rev. William B. Oney, pastor of St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Middlebrook, Vir- ginia. His mother, who died when Rev. Oney was only four years old, was Catherine Groceclose Oney. The early years of his life he spent with his step-mother's; father, H. B. Remine, M.D., at Palestine, Washington C-ounty, Virginia. After attend- ing the public schools of Washington County, Rev. Oney re- ceived his academic education at the Concord High School, at Concord, North Carolina. Later be attended the Bridgewater College of Bridgewater, Virginia. He gave up his education at Bridgewater College to accept employment at Washington, District of Columbia. He followed a business career in AVashington, and Pliiladelphia, Pennsyl- vania. During these years Mr. Oney was very active as a layman in the city mission work and especially in the young people's work in Luther Place Memorial Church in Washington, Bethany Church in Philadelphia and St. Paul's English Lutheran Church in Washington. But in all these years he was not able to get away from a call to the ministrv. So taking the advice of his 602 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. pastor, Rev. Jolm T. Huddle, D.D., he resigned his position and in the fall of 1911 he entered Gettysburg College to complete his education for the Gospel ministry. Four years later Mr. One^y graduated from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in the second largest class that was ever graduated from that institu- tion. Rev. Oney's first charge was at Elk Lick, Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Here Rev. Oney was married to Charlotte C. Boyer, the daughter of Lloyd C. and Savallia Boyer, on June 20, 1916. In the autumn of 1917 Rev. Oney accepted a call to St. Paul's Lutheran Church of Kittanning, Pennsylvania. After getting acquainted with the conditions there, he realized that a merger of all the Lutheran congregations of the community was necessary. The result of this was that in February, 1919, a suc- cessful merger of the various Lutheran congregations was ef- fected, possibly one of the first of its kind in the United Lutheran Church in America. This charge Rev. Oney served only eighteen months. In March, 1919, he accepted a call to Trinity congrega- tion at Tarentum, Pennsylvania. Here in his pastorate of less than a year he has brought about great advances in the financial and material conditions surrounding this congregation. Exten- sive plans for church improvement and remodeling are under way at the present time. REV. J. W. OTT, D.D. Dr. Ott was born October 20, 1870, in Frederick County, Maryland, near Rocky Ridge, the son of John T. Ott and Emma Frances Ott. He was baptized in Haugh's Church (of the Woodsboro Charge) by the pastor of that congre- gation, Rev. S. W. Owen, D.D., LL.D. At the age of fourteen he was confirmed by Rev. M. J. Wire, in Mount Tabor Church, at Rocky Ridge. He received his early education at the public school at Rocky Ridge and later at a Select School at Union Bridge, of which Miss Flora Wilson was the principal. After one year in the Preparatory Department at Gettysburg, he en- tered Pennsylvania College and upon his graduation entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. Here he completed the three years' course and was licensed by the Mar^dand Synod at Hagerstown, in 1899. In 1901 he was ordained by the Northern Indiana Synod at North Manchester, Indiana. From 1900 to 1907 he served the Trinity Mission in Grand Rapids. During his pastorate here the church became self-sup- porting and the membership was doubled. From 1907 to the present he has been pastor of St. Mark's Lutheran Church at Hagerstown, Maryland. In 1904 he was secretary of the North- ern Indiana Synod, and later president of the Western Confer- ence of the Maryland Synod. He was also a member of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Maryland Synod. Susquehanna University conferred upon him the degree of D.D, THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 603 On September 19, 1906, he was married to Leona Odell Weaver, daughter of Dr. S. B. Weaver and Mary Jane Weaver, of Littles- town, Pennsylvania. Their onlv child's name is Weaver Lvman Ott. KEV. EMERY ALFRED OTTMAN, D.D. Doctor Ottman was born in Cobleskill, New York, on December 21, 1868, of John H. and Angelica Ottman. He was received into the fellowship of Bethany Evangelical Lutheran Church of Central Bridge, New York, by Rev. 1. M. Derrick. In June, 1889, he graduated from Hartwick Seminary and from Gettysburg Tlieological Seminary in June, 1892. The Maryland Synod licensed him at Hagerstowii in the fall of 1891. In October, 1892, he was ordained by the New York and the New Jersey Synod at Wurtemburg, New York. He has served the following pastorates : Guilderland Center, New York, October, 1892, to 1898; Ghent, New York, August, 1898, to 1904; Ancram, New York, April, 1904, to 1910; and at Richmondville, New York, from November, 1910, until the pres- ent. In June, 1913, he received the degree of D.D. from Hart- wick Seminary. On December 14, 1892, he married Gittie Ann Vroman, of Central Bridge, New York. They have one daugh- ter, Angelena Vroman Ottman, now preparing herself for teach- ing in the public schools. REV. REESE ST.C. POFFENBERGER. Rev. Poffenberger was born at Rohrersville, Maryland, March 6, 1880. He received his primary education at the public school of his home town and under the tutelage of Rev. J. E. Maurer, his pastor, was prepared for entrance in the Preparatory School of Gettysburg College. Having completed the course at this institution he entered the Theological Seminary and graduated from the same in 1905. His first and only charge served was the Woodsboro pastorate. He assumed pastoral charge there on May 18, 1905, and con- tinued the same until January 1, 1917. In these years the entire charge saw a most wonderful change in church buildings and more than $35,000 was put into the different places of worship. For the last year and a half he has been supplying different places, more often at the church at Braddock than at any other. His present address is Frederick Junction, R. D. 1, Maryland. REV. AUGUST POHLMAN. M.D., D.D. Dr. Pohlman was born in 1864 in Baltimore, Maryland, of Frederick Pohlman and Au- gusta Scherger, both of Germany. He was baptized bj- Rev. E. J. Wolf, D.D., and attended Sunday school at the Second English Lutheran Church, Baltimore. He united with the church in 1884. In the public schools of Baltimore he received his prepara- tory education. He entered Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1888. During his college days he was a member of the Philomathean Literary Society and also had charge of the ()04 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. eolleg'O <>'yiiiiiasiuiii for four years. Tic ^'i-acluatt'd from the in- stitution in 18!)]. After c*oni|)!etin;i' two years at the Tlieoloji'ieal Seminary at Gettysbiiriii', lie I'ead the third year of the course while takino' the first year of medicine in Maryland UniYersity preparing for mission work in Africa. He was licensed and or- dained by the Maryland Synod in 189;} and 1894 respectiYely. In 189(i he p-raduated in medicine and went to Muhlenberg Mission, MonroYia, Liberia, Africa, in the fall of 189(). Here he was asso- ciated with RcY. DaYid A. Day, I). I)., for the last six months of his life. Rev. Pohlman was married in the mission on June 11, 1899, to Augusta Y. Shaffer, daughter of Rev. J. F. Shaffer, D.D., of Dela- ware, Ohio. One child was born to them, a daughter, Dorothea, in September, 1907. Both of them were on furlough in the United States during 1900, presenting the cause of Muhlenberg Mission throughout the country. They left the mission field in the spring of 1902, and began home mis- sion work in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the newly organized Temple Lutheran Church. This mission has had remarkable growth, reaching a thousand members in the first five years, necessitating the large new building for which the corner stone was laid in less than a year after the new pastor took charge. The mission was only receiving aid from the l)oard for eighteen months. In addition to the degree of B.A. given by the college, M.A. was given after three years, and M.D. by the Baltimore Medical College in 18^6, and the honorary degree of D.D. was given by Pennsylvania College in 1916. Dr. Pohlman was president of the East Pennsylvania Synod during the years of 1915 to 1918, and was a member of the Synod- ical Mission Committee up until the end of his office as president of the synod. He was for years the Lutheran member of the Philadelphia Sunday School Association and one of the trustees of the Pastor's Fund of the General Synod until the merger of the three bodies, when he became president of the Board of Min- isterial Relief in 1919. He was also a delegate to the General Synod meetings at Sunburj-, Atchison and Akron. He is a mem- ber of the Evangelistic Commission of the Federal Council of Churches and president of the Keswick Colon^y, New Jersey, which THE SONS OP THE SYNOD. 605 looks after redeeming- drunkards, and he is also the Lutheran member of the National Reform Association. He was also a mem- ber of the Pan Lutheran Missionary Society to South America, until that work was taken over by the Foreign Board. While in Africa Dr. Pohlman was a prolific writer for the Church papers, giving- a great variety of information about many subjects of interest. The articles were published under the title of "Letters from Africa." He has been a frequent contributor to the Church papers. He is also a well-known popular speaker, being often in demand for Sunday school and Young People's conferences, missions and men's meetings. He frequentl.y ad- dresses shop and car-barn meetings, and is often in Reform Insti- tutions, showing men the better way of life. To the brotherhoods and men's organizations he is no stranger. On September 28, 1919, Dr. Pohlman celebrated his seven- teenth year as pastor of Temple Church. He has been its only pastor. During the time nearly 3,000 people have become mem- bers of the church, two students are at Gettysburg studying for the ministry, three young women have b;en at the Deaconess Home, and a missionary is supported in the Girl's School in Africa. REV. WILSON LEE REMSBERG. This son of the Maryland Synod, the son of Daniel and Catherine E. (Zimmerman) Rems- berg, was born two miles south of Middletown, Maryland, De- cember 26, 1848. He was baptized by Dr. David F. Bittle. In his youth he was reared and inured to constant toil in his father's woolen factory. He was brought to Christ largely through the Sunday school of which his father was superintendent for more than twenty years. Rev. H. G. Bowers confirmed the young man. He graduated from Pennsylvania College in 1874 and from the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg in 1877. The Maryland Synod, meeting in Washington, licensed him in 1876 and he was ordained by the Northern Illinois Synod in 1877. He was one of the compilers of "The Book of Worship with Tunes"; chairman of the committee which prepared "Augsburg Songs, No. 1"; author of two choir books, entitled, "Choir Perennial," and "Choir Devotional"; also the author of a num- ber of Easter, Home Mission, and Christmas services. He was instructed in Composition and Harmony by Dr. Charles Baetens, of Omaha, Nebraska. Rev. Remsberg is the author of a little pampldet, "History of the Remsberg Family in America." He served the following charges as pastor : Princeton, Illinois, 1877-1882; Oregon, Illinois, 1882-1886; South Dixon, Illinois, 1886-1888 ; and built a church at Nachusa. From 1889 to 1894 he served at Beatrice, Nebraska, and paid off more than $5,000 church debt. He also served at Omaha, Nebraska, (St. Mark's) 606 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. from 1894 to 1896; at Myersville, Maryland, 1896 to 1902; at Shanksville, Pennsylvania, 1902 to 1903 ; in Santa Barbara, Cali- fornia, from 1903 to 1908, where he organized the congregation and pnrchased an excellent chnrch edifice for $5,250. He has been located at Funkstown, Maryland, from 1908 to the present. On December 12, 1889, he married Katie B. Stroh, of Oregon, Illinois. REV. CLAY EDWARD RICE. The subject of this sketch was born October 27, 1887, about one and a half miles northwest of Myersville, Frederick County, Maryland, known locally as Jeru- salem. He is the son of Mahlon Luther Rice and Anna M. (Grove) Rice, and brother of Elmer F. Rice, a minister in the Luthera)! Church and a son of the Maryland Synod. Shortly after his liirth his parents moved to a farm two miles north of Myers- ville. He received his early edu- cation in the local public school. He was a member of St. John's Lutheran Church, having been ba])tized and later confirmed in this church. He spent three years at the Myersville High School and entered Pennsylvania College in the fall of 1907, as a beneficiary of the Maryland S jmi o d. He graduated from college in 1911 and that fall entered the Theo- logical Seminary at CTettysburg, from which institution he gradu- ated in 1914. He was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod on October 23, 1913, in Trinity Lutheran Church, Hagerstown, Maryland. Having received a call to become the pastor of St. Paul's Lu- theran Church, Lionville, Chester County, Pennsylvania, he took charge of the field on June 1, 1914, and was ordained by the East Pennsylvania Synod at its meeting in Zion Lutheran Church, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 30, 1!)14. His ministry at Lionville terminated at the end of January, 1919, to take up work in the newly formed pastorate, known as Neffsville — Bast Peters- burg Charge, located near Lancaster, Pennsylvania. On May 19, 1914, Rev. Rice was married to Minnie Catherine Dinterman, daughter of Mr, and Mrs. George D. Dinterman, of Middletown, Maryland. THE SONS OP THE SYNOD. 607 REV. ELMER F. RICE. This son of the Maryland Synod was born near Myersville, Frederick County, Maryland, February 28, 1886, the son of Mahlon L. and Anna M. (Grove) Rice. He was baptized by Rev. M. L. Smith in St. John's Lutheran Church near Myersville, and he was confirmed in the same church by Rev. W. L. Remsberg. After completing the work in the public schools of Frederick County he attended the Myersville High School, from which he graduated in 1906. The following fall he entered Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, graduating with the class of 1910. He entered Gettysburg Seminary the same year and graduated from this institution in 1913. The Maryland Synod at its meeting at Williamsport, Maryland, licensed him October 24, 1912. He was ordained by the Allegheny Synod at Berlin, Pennsylvania, the following year. On June 1, 1913, he accepted a call to the Jennerstown pas- torate of the Allegheny Synod aiul served here over five years. During his pastorale here the finances of the churches were im- proved, leading to increased gifts in many directions. Three of the churches of the charge v^ere repaired and paid for. At Bos- well a new church building was erected at a cost of $22,000, and the debt practically all provided for before Rev. Rice left the field. The membership of the charge was almost tripled during his pastorate. On August 31, 1918, he accepted a call to First English Lutheran Church of Duquesne, Pennsylvania, of the Pittsburgh Synod. Here the work has been most encouraging and at present a new church building costing $55,000 is nearing completion. On May 21, 1913, he married Amy M. Derr, the daughter of Daniel C. and Clara E. Derr, of Middletown, Maryland. One son, Edward Martin, deceased, was born to this couple. REV. ARTHUR FRANKLIN RICHARDSON. This son of the synod was born in Lovettsville, Loudon County, Virginia, and is the son of Rev. X. J. Richardson, who was a prominent divine in the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and whose name is a house- hold word in hundreds of homes in Virginia, West Virginia and Maryland. A. F. Richardson received his early training in the public schools of his native town and at Pearson Academy, Smithsburg, Maryland. His literary education he received at Gettysburg College, graduating in 1885. He studied theology in the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg from which institution he graduated in 1888, immediately receiving a call from the Aurora pastorate where he built two churches and added 300 to the membership. He was called to Grafton, West Virginia, where he rebuilt the church and more than doubled the membership. From Grafton he was called to Lancaster, Ohio, serving the church there for six 608 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. years. He went to Pittsburgh from Lancaster and through his efforts there the beautiful edifice at Swissdale was erected. From there he was recalled to Grafton, serving that church nearly twenty years during his two pastorates there. From Grafton he was called to his present charge at Petersburg, Pennsylvania. Rev. Richardson was baptized by the Rev. J. G. Bowers, con- firmed by his father, Rev. X. J. Richardson, at Smithsburg, Maryland, and ordained by the Maryland Synod in Cumberland in 1888. He was one of the mov- ing spirits in the organization of the Synod of West Virginia and a charter member of that synod and its recording secretary for three years. Rev. Richardson has one son, Xenophon King, who enlisted in the Navy at the outbreak of the war and after honorable discharge secured the position of superin- tendent of dock construction at Norfolk, A^irginia, which position he now holds. The Grafton Sentinel pays this tribute to the s u b j e c t of this sketch : "Rev. Richardson is a man of indomitable energy with the courage of his convictions ; a hard student, a classical scholar, and an eloquent pulpit orator. These admirable traits along with his cordial, sympathetic nature have bound him closely to the hearts of his people, and he is liked and respected by oui' citizens without regard to sect or creed." REV. CHARLES L. RITTER. The subject of this sketch is the son of the late Peter Lewis and Ceranda Ritter and was born at Keysville, Maryland, January 4, 1867. He was baptized by the late Levi T. Williams, and was confirmed April 28, 3888, by Rev. John V. Asper, pastor of the Keysville congregation. Having early in life felt constrained to enter the Gospel ministry, he re- ceived his academic training at the Preparatory Department of Pennsylvania C^ollege. He entered Pennsylvania (V)llege, Get- tysburg, Pennsylvania, in Septemlier, 1887, and graduated with the class of 1891 with the A.B. degree. The foHowing September he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and gradu- ated from this institution in May, 1894. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod at Baltimore, Maryland, on October 5, 1893. The West Penns.vlvania Synod ordained him at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in October, 1894. On October 4, 3 894, he was THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 609 united in marriage to Emma Virginia Stimmel, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John W. Stimmel, of Woodsboro, Maryland, a graduate of Mar^•land College with the class of 1891. During his ministry' he has served acceptably the following charges and congregations : Fa,y- etteville, Pennsylvania, charge, June, 1894, to June, 189(i ; Bur- kittsville, Maryland, charge, July, 1896, to January, 1902; Zion's Church, Fairfield, Pennsylvania, Februarv, 1902, to November, 1908 ; Trinity Church, Wheeling, West Virginia, December, 1908, to August, 1912; St. Peter 's Church, York, Penns^dvania, Sep- tember, 1912, to March, 1916 ; St. John's Church, Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania, April, 1916, to the present. He has also filled hon- ored positions in conference and synod. REV. JULIUS FREDERICK SEEBACH. Rev. Seebach was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 10, 1874, the son of Julius Christian and Sarah Elizabeth Seebach. He was baptized by his maternal grandfather. Rev. Henry Weicksel, at that time pas- tor of the Lutheran Church, Ringtown, Pennsylvania. He was confirmed by Rev. Peter Bergstresser, D.D., at Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, from which place he went to receive his education in the college and seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsyh'ania. From these institutions he graduated, from college with honors in 1894, and from seminary in 1897. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod in October, 1896, at Cumberland, Maryland, and ordained at Washington, District of Columbia, by the same synod in 1897. On November 15, 1897, he married Margaret R. Himes, of Gettysburg, and went immediately to take charge of St. John's congregation at Maytown, Pennsylvania, remaining there until May 31, 1900. At "this place the first child, Julius Frederick, Jr., was born. His second charge was St. John's Church, Ma- hanoy City, Pennsylvania, from June, 1900, to November, 1907. Their second child, John Arthur, was born here. He then took up the work at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, on November 1, 1907, and spent five years here. At the close of this pastorate his ex- tensive library and accumulated notes of study were destroj^ed by fire. His fourth charge was at Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, where he served from January 1, 1913, to October 15, 1919. On 39 (ilO HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. the latter date he resigned and accepted his present work at Em- mannel Lutheran Church, New Phikidelphia, Ohio. The results of his work are recorded in the better organization and steady growth of each congregation served, the payment of church debts previously contracted in each of the charges and the remodeling of the church and parsonage at Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania. He was secretary of the East Pennsylvania Synod for four years; trustee of the Home for the Aged, Washington, District of Columbia ; president of the North East Conference of Alle- gheny Synod and vice-president of the same synod. He had charge of the financial drive in the Alleghen^^ Synod for the Na- tional Lutheran Commission, and acted as camp pastor at Camp- Taylor, Louisville, Kentucky, for the commission. During his ministry he has been a contributor to the Lutheran Quarterly, the Lutheran Observer, the Lutheran Young People, several Presbyterian publications, and the Bible Society Record. He is also the author of a volume on the Bible, called, "The Book of Free Men," and co-author with his wife of a volume of Refor- mation stories, entitled, "The Singing Weaver." Other volumes are in process of preparation. REV. CHARLES AUGUSTUS SHILKE. Rev. Shilke was born on September 22, 1886, near Lineboro, Carroll County, Mary- land. He was confirmed in the Lazarus Lutheran Church, Line- boro, Maryland, by Rev. H. H. Flick on September 28, 1901. He graduated from the Codorus Township High School at Glenville, Pennsylvania, in 1908. From here he entered Pennsylvania Col- lege and graduated from that institution on June 12, 1912. In the fall of that year he entered the Lutheran Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg and graduated here in 1915. During the summer of 1914 he acted as supply pastor of the First Lutheran Church, Mill Creek, Illinois. Oii October 29, 1914, he was li- censed by the Maryland Synod in the Lutheran Church at Woodsboro, Maryland. He was ordained by the same synod in Zion Lutheran Church, Middletown, Marvland, on October 29, 1915. In February, 1915, he accepted a call to the Monocacy Valley Charge. He w^as married to Anna Mary Harm, of Columbia, Pennsylvania, on June 16, 1915. He is now pastor of the LTtica Lutheran Charge, Walkersville, Maryland, this being the succes- sor to the Monocacy Valley Charge. REV. WILLIAM GRANT SLIFER, oldest son of Joshua and Eliza A. Slifer, was born at Locust Grove, Washington County, Maryland, on July 28, 1868. When about a year old, he was bap- tized in the Lutheran Church at Locust Grove by Rev. George H. Beckley, at which time also both his father and mother w^ere re- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 611 ceived into the church by baptism. He atteJided catechetical lec- tures under Revs. George H. Beekley, D. B. Floyd and M. L. Beard. At the age of sixteen he was confirmed by Eev. D. B. Floyd in the Lutheran Chvirch at Rohrersville, to which his par- ents had transferred their membership. From early youth he had a desire to study for the ministry and was encouraged in this hy Re^'s. Floyd and Beard. Under the latter 's direction and with his assistance he was prepared for college in the public schools of Boonsboro, Maryland. He en- tered the Freshman Class of Pennsylvania College at Gettys- burg in the fall of 1887, graduat- ing in 1891. In the fall of the same year he entered the Luther- an Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg, graduating in J u n e, 1894, at which time he was given the degree of A.M. by Pennsyl- vania College. He was licejised by the Maryland Synod in the Third Lutheran Church of Balti- more in October, 1893, and or- dained b.v the West Pennsylvania Synod in the First Lutheran Church of Chambersburg, Penn- sylvania, in October, 1894. On June 5, 1894, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Blanche Walter, of Fairfield, Penn- sylvania, who was called to her eternal rest and reward August 22, 1919. To this union were born four children, Luther Walter, a senior in the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg: Naomi Grace, and Mary Evelyn and Martha Evelyn, twins. Rev. Slifer .served the following pastorates : The Upper Ber- mudian Charg-e, Adams County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1894- May, 1896. During this pastorate the Mount Zion Church at Goodyear was repaired and the Sunday schools of the charge were kept open the entire winter for the first time in their his- tory. The Saint John's Church of Davis, West Virginia, was served from May, 1896-October, 1898. Preaching services were also conducted during the week quite frequently for the Luther- ans in Baird and Gorman, points twenty-five miles awa.y. Serv- ices were also held on Sunday afternoon at a point seven miles from Davis in the Valley of Canaan. Here he built the first church of any denomination in the valley, Mount Hebron. The Clearville Charge in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, was served from October, 1898-October, 1903. During this pastorate a par- sonage was bought and paid for, two churches repaired, and the (il2 HISTOKY OK MARYLAND SYNOD. Mount Zion c'Oiii'ati()n organized and church built, all finan- cial obligations being met in full. During this term of service four young men were influenced to enter the ministry : Kevs. D. S. Weimer, E. Victor Roland, E. E. Snyder, and Ernest Pee. The Upper Frankford Charge, Cumberland County, Pennsyl- vania, was served from October, 1903-December, 1911. During this pastorate, the Saint Peter's, or "Brick" Church, said to be one of the finest rural churches in the state, was built and dedi- cated free of debt. The Saint Thomas Charge in Franklin Coun- tv, Pennsvlvania, has been served from December, 1911-present, (November, 1919). During his years in the ministry. Rev. Slifer has preached twenty-seven hundred twent.y-three sermons and delivered one hundred forty-two other addresses, baptized two hundred eighty- two infants and one hundred forty-two adults, received into membership by letter one hundred thirty-one and by confirma- tion one hundred sixty-nine, performed ninety- nine marriages and two hundred nineteen funerals, raised over forty thousand dollars in money, made over five thousand pastoral visits, travel- ing in his pastoral work over fifty-one thousand miles. REV. HENRY W. SNYDER was born at Baltimore, Maryland, August 30, 1883, the only son of Henry T. and Justina Ulrich Snyder. He was baptized by the late Rev. I. C. Burke, D.D., pastor of Third Church, Baltimore. At the age of sixteen he was confirmed by the Rev. U. S. G. Rupp, D.D., in the Church of the Reformation. After attend- ing for several years the Zion Lu- theran Parochial School, he en- tered the public schools of Balti- more, and was graduated from the Baltimore City College in June, 1903, with Peabody honors. He then entered the Johns Hopkins University from w h i c h he was graduated in 1906 with the degree of A.B., and Phi Beta Kappa honor. In the fall of the same year he entered the seminary at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and after the required course of study covering three years, he was grad- uated in 1909 with the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. On Octo- ber 13, 1909, he was ordained in Christ Lutheran Church, Gettys- burg, by the West Pennsjdvania Sj-nod. Shortly after his ordination, Rev. Snyder was married to Mis3 THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 613 Dorothea A. Heitmueller, of Baltimore. Three sons have been born from this union : Luther H., William U., and Henry W., Jr. Upon graduating' from seminary Rev. Snyder accepted a call to the St. Thomas Charge in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, serving the churches at St. Thomas and Fort Loudon, in 1911 he was called to the pastorate of St. John's Church of Mercers- burg, Pennsylvania, which he served until 1915, when he was called to be pastor of Memorial Church, Shippensburg. Pennsyl- vania. In 1918, he accepted a call to become pastor of the First Church, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, his present field of labor. Rev. Snyder was elected chairman of the West Pennsylvania Synod's delegation to the General Synod which met at Chicago in June. 1917. In the fall of the same year he was made secre- tary of the West Pennsylvania Synod. He is at present one of the directors of the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg, repre- senting the Allegheny Synod. REV. SIMON SNYDER. This son of the Maryland Synod, the son of Samuel Shields and Katie Belle Snyder, was born near Fairview, Washington County, Maryland, August 9, 1884. After baptism in infancy, he was received into the fellowship of Mount Tabor Lutheran Church, Fairview, Maryland, by confirmation by Rev. George A. Royer, pastor. Through the influence of Pastor Royer he was led to consider the claims of the Gospel ministry. For a year he studied privately, with the exception of Latin in which he was instructed bv Pastor Royer. In the fall of 1904 he en- tered the Preparatory Depart- ment of Pennsylvania College en- rolling in the Sub-freshman Class. In 1909 he was graduated from Pennsylvania College and from the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg in 1912. On October 22, 1911, he was licensed by the Maryland Synod in session at Taneytown, Maryland. Upon graduation f r o m semi- nary he received a call to the Scalp Level pastorate, Scalp Level, Pennsylvania. Here he served as pastor for seven and one-half years, resigning to accept a call to Trinity Lutheran Church, Wheeling, AVest Virginia, where he is now located. During his ministry at Scalp Level he organized a congregation at Rummel which became a part of the Scalp Level Charge. Material improvements were made in all the G14 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. cliurehes, luodeni methods were iiitfoduced, and l;n'', who died after one year of married life. In 1883 he was ordained by the Maryland Synod at Baltimore. In 1884 Doctor Troxell founded the Children's Memorial Church at Kansas City, Missouri, and remained there five years, resigning to become g-eneral secretary of the new Board of Edu- cation of the General Synod. In 1889 he married Juliet N. En- sminger, of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Three sons and two daughters have been the result of this union, all of whom have received full college education and graduation. Their names in order of birth are, Mark Gotwald, Irene, Millard Baxter, Edith Frances, and John Philip. While serving as general secretary of the Board of Education a call was accepted by him to become pastor at Springfield, Illinois. In ten busy years there a fine stone church was built and the debt provided for and in recogni- tion of his work here and throughout the state, Carthage College conferred upon him the degree of D.D. Doctor Troxell was also made chaplain of the state senate, an executive and advisory of- ficer in the state and international Christian Endeavor move- ment, the Anti-Saloon League, associate charity work and other activities of a general character as well as a regular member of the Board of Education. In 1899 he accepted a call to St. Joseph, Missouri, where after a five years' pastorate he was elected president of Midland Col- lege, Atchison, Kansas. In eight years' service there as teacher and executive head a new library was built and endowed, semi- nary property acquired and paid for, president's house pur- chased, and values in property and endowment of over seventy- five thousand dollars added to the institution. In 1912 he ac- cepted a call to become pastor at Topeka, Kansas, and in 1916 the Kansas governor, Arthur Capper, and the state board, ap- pointed Doctor Troxell chaplain and parole supervisor of the state Boy's Industrial School at Topeka where he was also acting superintendent during the world war. Doctor Troxell has been editor of a number of publications, a Cliautauqua lecturer and a leader in Bible study, and for years was western correspondent of the Lutheran Observer, writing under his initials, "M. F. T." He has been General Synod dele- gate at Harrisburg, Allegheny, Man.sfield, Canton, Baltimore, Hagerstown, Des Moines, Richmond, Washington, and others, and president of his local synod a number of terms. At present (1919) he has the oversight of 250 boys in the State Industrial School and over 500 on parole in Kansas and other states. THE 80NS OF THE SYNOD. 621 REV. C. M. WACHTER. Rev. Wachter was born in Middle- town, Maryland, Aug-ust 16, 1866. He was the son of W. N. and Sarah A. Wachter. As a child he was baptized by Rev. Michael Wachter, who was pastor of the Lutheran Church at Middletown. He received his catechetical instruction under Rev. L. A. Mann, and with a class of eighteen he was received by confirmation into the church at the age of fourteen. He received his educational training in the parochial school of the church and later in the public schools. Under Professor Avis he took a special course preparing him for college. With his parents he moved to Springfield, Ohio, where he entered Wittenberg College in 1882. Upon the completion of the eight-year course in college and semi- nary, he was ordained by the Olive Branch Synod in October, 1892, at St. George Church, in Edinburg, Indiana. The Rich- mond Second Church and the Grand view Mission (Indiana) were supplied by him previous to his first pastorate. From May, 1893, until 1895 he served his first pastorate at Lancaster, Hlinois. From here he moved to a place near Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, serving the Rockville pastorate for three vears. He was pastor at HooversA'ille from 1898 to 1901; bavidsville from 1901 to 1908; Belleville from 1908 to 1909; Shipman, Illinois, from 1909 to 1910 ; Lanark, Illinois, from 1911 to 1914; Rock Creek, Indiana, from 1914 to 1917, and Corydon, Indiana, from 1917 until the present. Nearly all of these charges were weak congregations which were greatly strengthened by his faithful ministry. Five new churches were erected in the vari- ous places during his incumbency. The last one, which was at Rock Creek, cost $15,000, and is a beautiful memorial to his un- tiring energy. With his acquaintance with muf-ic he greatly en- riched the services in his various churches. He has labored faith- fully for twenty-seven years in the Gospel ministry. He was united in marriage to Mary E. Tonini in June, 1893. In the various synods with which he has been connected he has acted as secretary and also on various committees of importance. Through his efforts the benevolent operations of the church were strengthened, especially in the weak congregations, which had formerly never raised their apportionment. His salaries have been very meagre and yet he has toiled on, trul^^ desirous of de- veloping the activities of the Lutheran Church. His father had the desire to become a minister and being prevented from so being he set apart his son for this high calling. And from the churches which Rev. Wachter has served more than a dozen young men have entered the ministry. He is the only represen- tative of the family in the ministry since his ancestor Rev. Michael Wachter. REV. FREDERICK R. WAGNER, D.D., was born at New Market, New Jersey, May 30, 1873. He is the son of George Wil- H22 IIISTOKV OK MARYLAND SYNOD. liain and Ajiiies Runyoii Wagner. He bears, in jiart, the name of his great-grandfather, G. Frederick Wagner, who came to America prior to the Revolutionary AVar from the city of Strass- burg in Alsace, and enlisted as a soldier for American Independ- ence with a company of infantry from Easton, Pennsylvania, his homo town. Rev. Wagner was baptized and eontirmed by Rev. I. P. Zim- merman, then pastor of St. John's Lutheran C/hnrch, Mahanoy City, Penns^dvania. After attending the public schools at Delano, Pennsylvania, he took the preparatory and part of the college course at "Susque- hanna," Selinsgrove, Pennsjdvania, graduating from Witten- berg College, Springfield, Ohio, in the spring of 1898. He is an alumnus of the Gettysburg Theo- logical Seminarv, graduating in 1!»01 with the degree of "B.D." and as one of the two orators rep- r(>senting the class at commence- ment time. By the permission of the Pitts- burgh Synod, of which he was a beneficiary student, he was li- censed by the Synod of Maryland at Middletown, Maryland, in Oc- tober, 1900, and was ordained at Boonsboro, Maryland, by the same synod in the fall of 1901, having accepted a call to become pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Frostburg, Maryland. In the autumn of 1901 he was married to Miss Sarah Besse Toot, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Two daughters and two sons now are of the family circle. The work of the pastorate at Frostburg, Maryland, was as- sumed in August, 1901. For eight and a half years the most pleasant relations of pastor and people continued and many for- ward steps were taken in spiritual and material progress. Among other things may be mentioned the building of a primary Sunday school annex, choir addition, and many improvements added to the church and parsonage properties. The first change in pastoral relations to date occurred March 1, 1910, when the call to St. James' Church, Huntingdon, Penn- sylvania, resulted in a removal to that place. Soon after becom- ing established as pastor of this congregation a property adjoin- ing the church was purchased, which made it possible to proceed with a long cherished desire to rebuild. Consequently a new church, Sunday school annex and parsonage were dedicated July THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 623 7, 1912. Tlie buildings are of brown stone and are well equipped and furnished, including a very excellent pipe organ. At the present time (1919) the last installment of the debt is being can- celled. The property is valued at more than $50,000. Corre- sponding progress may be noted in the increased membership and church activity. Rev. Wagner has been honored, for two terms (1916-1918), as the president of Allegheny Synod, and has also held other offices in conference and synod, and serves on important committees. He was a delegate to "The Merger Convention" at New York. In 1901 Wittenberg College conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts and in 1917 Susquehanna University honored him with that of Doctor of Divinity. He has made occasional literary contributions to the Church papers and to the local press, and is also the author of a booklet entitled, "A Historical Sketch of St. Paul's Lutheran Church of Frostburg. ' ' He served as one of the associate editors of ' ' The History of the Allegheny Synod," which w^as published in 1917 during the administration of Rev. Wagner as president of the Synod. In February, 1920, he took charge of St. John's Lutheran Church at Martinsburg, West Virginia. REV. W. CLAUDE WALTEMYER was born April 27, 1889, at Beckleysville, Baltimore County, Maryland. His parents, Joseph and Keziah Jane Waltemyer, were active members of St. Abra- ham's congregation of the Hampstead Charge. He was baptized by the Rev. S. J. Derr. When he was but six years of age his parents removed to Bal- timore, Maryland, and identified themselves with the Third Church. The late Rev. I. C. Burke, D.D., was his pastor and by him he was confirmed, Easter, 1904. lender the spiritual guid- ance of religious parents, a Godly pastor and faithful Sunday School teachers, he was led to consecrate his life to the ministry. He attended the public schools of Baltimore graduating from the Baltimore City College in June, 1906. In September of the same year he entered the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg. He graduated with the class of 1908 at nineteen years of age. From the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg he was graduated in May, 1911, with the degree of Bachelor of Di- vinity. He was licensed to preach by the Maryland Synod at Smiths- burg in 1910 and ordained October 5, 1911, cit Lebanon, Pennsyl- vania, by the East Pennsylvania Synod. In February, 1911, he received a call to become the first pastor of the newly organized congregation at Landisville, Pennsyl- vania. During a two years' pastorate the membership was dou- bled and all indebtedness on a fine church propertj^ removed. 624 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. A call to a second new work was accepted in January, 1913, and he became the first pastor of Trinity Church, Butler, Penn- sylvania. This work was quite small in its beyinninos but pro- gressed rapidly. When the pastorate was vacated in February, 1916, there was a communicant membership of more than one hundred, a Sunday school enrollment of two hundred, and in ad- dition well organized Missionary and Young People 's societies. Since Februarj^ 1916, except for a year in the army, he has been serving the old, but ever vigorous and zealous, St. John's Church of Thurmont, Maryland. On the 18th of March, 1918, he was commissioned a chaplain — with the rank of First Lieutenant — in the United States Army. His first assignment was to the Coast Defenses of Boston and in his work covered three of the harbor forts, Andrews, Warren and Revere. Earh' in May, 1918, he was assigned to the 71st Artillery, C. A. C, which regiment was to be organized in the Coast Defenses of Boston and to be sent to France. The regiment was a Regular Army unit composed of volunteers from forty-five of the states. Sixty-one of the sixty-five officers were college or university grad- uates. July 30th he embarked at Boston going via Halifax, Nova Scotia, to England and then to France. The regiment received its final training near the historic city of Angers. They were preparing to go to the Front when the Armi.stice was signed. Re- turned with the regiment to the Ignited States late in February, 1919. After receiving an honorable discharge on March 5th, he returned to the pastorate at Thurmont. Rev. W. Claude Waltemy(^r was married September o, 1911, to Mildred Butzler, who was also of the Third Church of Baltim.ore. There are three children : Miriam, Ruth and Charlotte, aged six, four and two, respectively. REV. HENRY HERMAN WEBER, D.D. This son of the Mary- land Synod was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1860, the son of August and AVhilemina Weber. He was educated in the parochial schools of Philadelphia, and later when his parents moved to Baltimore, Maryland, he attended the private Academy of Wackers, well known in its day. For one year he was a student at the Baltimore City College. He then entered into the wholesale dry goods and notion business as entry clerk and salesman. In 1878 he entered Pennsylvania Col- lege and took second honors upon his graduation in 1882. He spent three years in the Theological Seminary and graduated from this institution in 1885. In the city of Baltimore, Maryland, he organized St. Luke's and Grace Lutheran Churches, both of which have become great successes. In 1889 he was called to the general secretaryship of /THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 625 the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of tlie Gen- eral Synod, and lield that position until 1915, when he was made general secretary of the new com- bined Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the General Synod. Since the Merger of the various Lutheran bodies, and the establishment of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the United Lutheran Church, he has become the general secretary of that board. In 1890 he married Mary Emma Crist, in Baltimore, Mary- land. At present he lives in York, Pennsylvania, where the of- fices of the board are located. In 1902 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from his Alma Mater. He published two pamphlets, the one ' ' A History of Grace Church," and the other "Additional Questions and Answers, in Connection with the Study of Luther 's Catechism. ' ' REV. ABDEL ROSS WENTZ, Ph.D. Dr. Wentz was born at Black Rock, York County, Pennsylvania, October 8, 1883. In earl.y infancy his parents, J. Valentine and Ellen (Tracy), moved with him across the state line to Lineboro, Maryland. He was baptized by Rev. E. Manges, his parents being members of the liineboro Church of the Manchester Charge. He was con- firmed by Rev. C. M. Eyster. His preparatory education Dr. Wentz received in the Franklin High School at Reisterstown, Maryland. In the autumn of 1900 he entered Pennsylvania College with the purpose of preparing himself for the Lutheran ministry. Graduating from the col- lege in 1904 and from the Gettj'sburg Theological Seminary in 1907 fortunate circumstances enabled him to continue his theo- logical and historical studies in Germany. He spent one year at the University of Leipzig, studying under the direction of such leaders as Ihmels and Hauck ; one year at Berlin under Seeberg and Holl; and one semester at Tuebingen under Schlatter and Mueller. While at Tuebingen the call reached him to return to his Alma Mater to assume the duties of the professorship of Biblical Literature and History. He accepted this call and en- tered upon his work in the autumn of 1909. Whatever time was left free from his arduous duties as teacher Professor Wentz devoted to the continuance of his studies. In 40 626 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. the summer of 1911 he returned to Tuebina'en and followed the courses of such distinguished historians as Wahl and Mueller. The following two summers he spent in research work upon the subject of his dissertation, "The Beginnings of the German Ele- ment in York County, Pennsylvania." This was completed in 1914, when he took his examina- tions under the faculty of the George Washington University, Washington, District of Colum- bia, and received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His dis- sertation was published in 1916. Professor Wentz was licensed by the Maryland Synod at Waynesboro in 1906, and upon his return from Europe in 1909 was ordained at St. Mark's in Balti- more. He has delighted to serve his synod in various capacities, not least of all as the editor of this volume of History. In 1916, when the curriculum of the seminary at Gettysburg was readjusted. Dr. Wentz was called to the newly erected chair of Church History. In 1917 he was married to Mary Edna Kuhl- man, of Ursina, Pennsylvania. Their home has been blessed with a son, Valentine. Dr. Wentz is a member of the American Society of Church History, the Pennsylvania German Society, the Board of Publi- cation of the Ignited Lutheran Church, curator of the Lutheran Historical Society, president of the Parent Education Society, and a member of a number of general Lutheran organizations. For more than seven years, until the outbreak of the war with German.y, he was joint editor of the Lutheran Quarterly, con- tributing for each issue an article on "Current Theological Thought in Germany. ' ' A number of separate publications have come from his pen. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD WHEELER. This son of the Mary- land Synod was l)()rn Oetolx'r 14, 1872, at Baltimore, Maryland, the oldest of the five children of William B. and Annie Eli/.abeth Wheeler. He was a member of Second English Lutheran Sunday school of Baltimore of which church his mother was a member, and in which church he was confirmed by Eev. Sylvanus Stall, D.D. The purpose in his mind to study for the ministry was awakened by Doctor Stall, and was fostered and encouraged by Rev. George W. Miller, D.D., his successor. He entered Penn- THE SONS OF THE SYNOD. 627 sylvania College at Gettysburg-, Pennsylvania, in 1893 and was graduated in 1897. In the fall of that year he entered the Theo- logical Seminary at Gettysburg and graduated with honors in 1900. The Maryland Synod li- censed him to preach in 1899, and he was ordained by the same svnod in session at Middletown, Maryland, October 2], 1900. On August 28, 1900, he was married to Lillie Lindauer, of Baltimore. He has served the following pastorates : Woodsboro, M a r y- land, Charge, June, 1900, to De- cember, 1904; Trinity Lutheran Church, Tanevtown, Marvland, 1904, to Deceinber, 1910; "Augs- burg Lutheran Church, Chicago, Illinois, 1910 to May, 1917; St. Mark 's Lutheran Church, St. Louis, Missouri, 1917 to the pres- ent. He was the first pastor at Augsburg Church in Chicago, building the church and parson- age. He is now building a new church in St. Louis. REV. CHARLES P. WILES, D.D., was born at Lewistown, Mary- land, nine miles north of Frederick City. He attended the public school in his native village, and the high school at Walkersville, Maryland. He then entered the State Normal School at Millers- ville, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated. After taking a year's special work in the scien- tific course at the same school, and teaching a year at Creswell, Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania, he continued his education at Gettys- burg, graduating from the Theo- logical Seminary in 1896. He was licensed to preach in Grace Lu- theran Church, Baltimore, Mary- land, in the fall of 1895, and or- dained one year later in St. James ' Church, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Just before graduating from tlie seminary he accepted the call to become pastor of the Ross- 628 HISTORY OF MARYLAND SYNOD. ville Charge, Rossville, York County, Pennsylvania. After serv- ing here for five years, he accepted a call to the Mt. Zion Luther- an Church, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he remained seven years. While pastor here he also served for several years as sec- retary' of the local home mission board of the synod. His next pastorate was in the Keller Memorial Lutheran Church, Wash- ington, District of Columbia, and covered a period of five years. In January, 1913, he received a call to become editor of the Lu- theran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to suc- ceed the late Rev. Charles S. Albert, D.D. The call was accepted and the duties of the new office entered upon the first of April of the same year. After the merger of the three Lutheran bodies was consummated he was continued as editor of the Augsburg series of Sunday school lessons. He is also a member of the International Sunday School Lesson Committee, to which he was elected by the Board of Publication of the General Synod. He has been requested by the Board of Sunday School Work of the United Lutheran Church to continue his membership on that committee. He is the author of two volumes, the one, "Upon This Rock," which is a confirmation booklet, and the other, "The Challenge of the Sundaj' School." REV. HORACE EHRMAN ZIMMERMAN. This son of the Maryland Synod was born in Johnsville, Maryland, April 20, 1867. His parents were Luther M. and Louisa A. Zimmerman. In infancy he was baptized at Woodsboro, Marj-land, by Rev. Dr. S. W. Owen. In 1883 he was confirmed at Myersville, Mary- land, by Rev. A. M. Smith. He prepared for college at the Mid- dletown Academy, and entered the Sophomore Class of Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia, in September, 188."). He entered the Junior Class of Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in September, 1887, and graduated from this institution in June, 1889. In the fall of the same year he entered the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg and graduated from this institution in 1892. He was licensed by the Maryland Synod at Hagerstown, Maryland, in 1891, and he was ordained the following year by the same synod meeting at Frederick, Marjdand. During his ministry Rev. Zimmerman has served the following pastorates : From April 4, 1893, to April 3, 1898, he served at Tannersville, Pennsylvania; at Clarion, Pennsylvania, he served from January 1, 1899, to November 25, 1900; the next two years he served at Bolivar, Ohio; at Dillsburg, Pennsylvania, he served from January 4, 1903, to the beginning of 1905 ; from 1905 to 1906 he served at Dickinson, Pennsylvania; from 1906 to 1909 he was employed in secular work, life insurance, in Omaha, Ne- braska: on May 9, 1909, he took up the pastoral work again at New Haven, West Virginia, and served this field until November 26, 1911 ; at Mount Morris, Illinois, he was pastor from that time THE SONS OP THE SYNOD. 629 until January 81, 1918; on February 6. 1918, he took up his present pastorate at Kansas City, Missouri. He was married to Ainui E. Doub in 1893, one ehikl was from this marriaoe, Mih) Doub Zimmerman. In 1900 he married Lil- lie Saunders, and Anna Lee Zimmerman was the child of this marriage. For ten years he contributed to the leading magazines and periodicals of this country and England, on a wide range of subjects, specializing in scientific and nature study. For many vears he contributed the yearly index to the Lutheran Observer. REV. JEREMIAH ZIMMERMAN, D.D., LL.D., L.H.D. Doctor Zimmerman was born at Snydersburg, Maryland, April 26, 1848, the son of Henry and Leah Zimmerman. After his early educa- tion, he entered Pennsylyania College and graduated from that institution in 1873, with the degree of A.B. The following fall he entered the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg and gradu- ated in 1876. In that same year he was ordained to the Lutheran ministry. He has seryed as pas- tor at Valatie, New York, from 1876 to 1878, and at Syracuse, New York, from 1879 to 1904. At this time he resigned to trayel and devote his attention to educational and literary work. In January, 1877, he married M. Adele Springstein at ^'alatie, New York. On January 21, 1890, he married a second time, this time his bride was Sophia Eliza- beth Amos, of Syracuse. He has been a delegate to the General Synod of the Lutheran Church several times. He was president of the Federation of Churches and Christian Workers of the State of New York. He received the degree of D.D. from Pennsylyania College in 1896. and also from Wittenberg College and Susquehanna University. In 1902 his Alma Mater con- ferred upon him the degree of LL.D. and in 1908 Susquehanna LTniversity the degree of L.H.D. He spent five years in foreign travel, including a trip of twenty-eight months around the world, when he lectured in many leading cities of the Orient. He has lectured before seminaries and colleges on questions of the Far East and on historical and archa?ological subjects, especially on the history of coins of the ancients, on which he is an authority. He also gave the Holman Lecture at Gettysburg on the Lord's Supper. He has a specially selected library of 5,000 volumes. 630 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. which lie has recently donated to the Library at the Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. He is a member of the Victoria Insti- tute of Great Britian, the Royal Numismatic Society of London, and the American Anthropological Association. He has been a lecturer at S3'racuse University on Numismatics and is president of the Federation of Churches in the State of New York. He is the author of ' ' Spain and Her People, " " The Religious Character of Ancient Coins," "The Person of Christ and His Presence in the Lord's Supper," and "Help When Tempted and Tried." He has also been a contributor on Numismatics to the Standard Dictionary, and to various other journals. REV. LEANDER M. ZIMMERMAN, D.D. This son of the synod was born near Manchester, Carroll County, Maryland, on August 29, 1860. He is the son of Henry and Leah Zimmerman. He at- tended the village school and worked on the farm until he felt the call to enter the Gospel ministry. His father having already educated two sons for the ministry was at first reluctant to give his consent, but hearing his son's plea the good man placed his hands gently on Leander's shoulders saying, "Son, the Lord has called you and you must go. ' ' In the fall of 1878 he entered the preparatory department at Gettysburg and continued his studies until his graduation from the college in 1884. After graduating from the seminary m 1887, he was ordained to the Gospel min- istry' by the Maryland Synod on October 9th of the same year. Two months later, under appointment of the Board of Home Missions, he began work in the southern section of Baltimore City without a single member or a church in which to worship. The following two weeks from early moi-ning until late at night he went from house to house wherever information could be ob- tained that there was a man, woman, or child who was not con- nected with a church or Sunday school. On December 18th, he held his first public rel^ious service in Triumph Hall over a meat market at 1240 Liglit Street. One hundred and fifty per- sons were present nearly all of whom had been visited during the two weeks preceding. Ninety-six were present at the Sunday school and one hundred and fifteen at the evening service. On February 15th he organized Christ Church with 225 mem- bers, 45 of whom had letters from other churches, 140 uniting by profession, and 40 by confirmation. One year from the day the work began the congregation assumed its own support. A Meth- odist Church had been purchased, extensive improvements made, and on January 31, 1892, a "jubilee" was held to mark the church's freedom from all indebtedness. From time to time extensive improvements have been made in the church building. Dr. Zimmerman has always taken special pains to make the House of the Lord beautiful and attractive in all its appointments. He has always ministered to unusually THE SONS OP THE SYNOD. 631 large congregations and while other churches in the neighbor- hood have declined because of removals to other sections of the city, Christ Church continues to grow and flourish in spite of unusually adverse conditions. Dr. Zimmerman has been a member of the Deaconess Board since 1897, and is vice-president. For a number of years he has been a member and vice-president of the Board of Home Mis- sions. He has been a trustee of Tressler Orphans' Home, presi- dent of the Maryland Synod, a director of the Theological Semi- nary at Gettysburg, and president of the Lutheran Ministers' Association of Baltimore. In 1901 the honorary title of Doctor Tif Divinity was conferred on him by Susquehanna University. He attended six sessions of the General Synod as delegate, in- cluding the merger meeting in 1918 when the United Lutheran Church was organized. REV. MARION JUSTUS KLINE, D.D., was born at Frederick, Mar^iand, October 2, 1871. His father was William Henry Kline, his mother, Mary Ann Englebrecht. Baptized in infancy by the Rev. George Diehl, D.D., he became a member of the ven- erable Lutheran congregation in Frederick. After the usual course in the public school and special preparation for college, he went to Gettysburg to study for the ministry. This was while Rev. Luther Kuhlman, D.D., was his pastor. He entered Pennsylvania Col- lege in September, 1889. His col- lege days were marked by a most unusual variety of activities, lit- erary, musical, athletic, social, and religious. He graduated as the valedictorian of the noted class of 1893. Three years later he graduated from the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, at the same time receiving his Master's de- gree from the college. During the twenty-four years of his ministry he has graced two pastorates and a secretaryship. Immediately upon gradua- tion from the seminary he became the pastor of Bethlehem Lu- theran Church in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. His ministry here proved to be highly acceptable and edifying. His enthusiasm for the Gospel of Christ not only attracted people to the services of the church, but also brought them to the foot of the cross, and even led some to devote themselves to the ministry of our Lord. 632 HISTORY OP MARYLAND SYNOD. During- this period Dr. Kline was a member of the General S.ynod's Board of C'hnrch Extension for two years. After six years of ministry in Harrisburg-, tliis son of the Synod was called to become the General Secretary of the General Synod's Board of Foreign Missions. This was in October, 1901. For six and a half years he served that Board with eminent ac- ceptability and success. During this time he resided in Balti- more. In May, 1908, he accepted a call to the First Lutheran Church of Altoona, Pennsylvania, and this church has had his ministry to the present day. He was formally installed as pastor on Sep- tember 27, 1908, by his immediate predecessor, Rev. 0. C. Roth, D.D. The splendid development begun in the pastorate of Dr. Roth along missionary and benevolent lines, has continued in the pastorate of Dr. Kline. Each year there has been a generous ex- cess on the regular apportionment, and a large number of costly special objects, both on the home field and on the foreign field, have been carried by the congregation. The church property has several times been improved and enlarged. At the same time the spiritual life of the congregation has been developed and a large number of souls have been gathered in. During Dr. Kline's pas- torate an unusual number of men from this congregation have been influenced to take up the preparation for the ministry. The subject of this sketch received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from North Carolina C'ollege in 1901. In 1909 he be- came a member of the General Synod's Board of Education, and he is to-day a member of the Board of Education of the United Lutheran Church. He has held a number of responsible ofifices in the Alleghany Synod, being a member of the Ministerial Educa- tion Committee, of the Examining Committee, and of the Synod's Board of Home Missions. Since 1913 he has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Gettysburg Theological Seminary, and since 1918 the President of that Board. He is also a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of Pennsylvania College. Besides editing the biennial reports of the Board of Foreign Missions during his secretaryship. Dr. Kline has written "The Ministry of Sorrow," published in 1898. Dr. Kline was married, July 7, 1896, to Miss Belle G. Leeds, of Washington, D. C. She died on January 13, 1898. April 24, 1902, he was married to Miss Annie Plitt Hummel, of Harris- burg, Pennsylvania. Portraits of Ministers and Laymen Page Adams, A. D., 496 Adolph, J. E., 259 Ahalt, J. M., 415 Albaugh, I. W., .. 346 Albaugh, T. S., .. 422 Albert, (J. S., D.D., . 80 Alden, L. D., 317 Andrae, Henry, 259 Andreae, Heine, 269 Armiger, Eichard, . . 218 Augustine, Rev. I. N. .. 527 Babylon, T. F., . . 425 Bare, Rev. W. F., . . 278 Barkdoll, D. W., ... 488 Barkdoll, W., 490 Barry, Rev. F. W., . 223 Bartell, L. E., 207 Baugher, H. L., Sr., D.D., . 78 Baumgardner, G. T., 346 Bauslin, D. H., D.D., LL.D. 529 Beck, F. W., 207 Beidlenian, Rev. H. H., . . . 514 Beiswanger, Rev. G., 531 Bell, Albert, D.D., 532 Bell, C. P., D.D., . . . . . 533 Bell, E. K., D.D., . . . 190 Benner, H. A., 320 Bergner, Rev. C. P., . 507 Betz, C. F., 514 Bikle, L. A., T).D.. . . . 536 Bikle, P. M., Ph.D.. r ).K,' '. 538 Birely, L. S 399 Bishop, U. G., .. 207 Bittle, D. F., D.B., . 78 Bittle, J. E., D.B., . . : . 539 Blaekston, G., 344 Bloomhardt, Rev. P. F .,Ph. D., 280 Blueher, L. K., 200 Boesche, E. L., 222 Boss, B. B., '. '. 207 Botsford, Rev. C. R., . 510 Bowers, G. S., D.D., . 238 Bowers, J. C, B.D., . 267 Bowersox, Rev. G. E., 544 Bowersox, Rev. H. T. , . . . . 543 Boyer, Rev. H. D., . . 323 Boyer, Lewis, 346 Boyer, Mrs. Lewis, . . 346 Brandler, J. N. M., . 505 Braun, C. A., .. 200 Page Bregel, J. F., 200 Bregenzer, Rev. Otto E., . 545 Bregenzer, Otto, 190 Brown, Rev. W. E., 546 Brown, R. B., 488 Brunner, H. C, 287 Carty, Rev. A. C, 549 Carty, Ruth, 346 Clare, R. D., D.D., 207 Clarke, Rev. G. D., 309 Clutz, J. A., D.D., 550 Collison, F. A., 514 Conrad, F. W., D.D., 80 Creutz, William, 200 Crigler, Rev. J. F., . . . 553 Crisweld, H. C, 496 Croft, Dr. J. W., 496 Cross, Rev. W. M., 554 Culler, M. L., D.D., 556 Culler, Rev. S. H., 557 Culler, W. W., ... 422 Daly, W.W., Jr., 302 Day, Rev. W. C, . . . 558 Dean, Rev. 0. C, 559 DeGrange, G. R., 344 Derr, W. F., . . . 307 Derr, Samuel, 370 Derr, Rev. S. J., 388 Deveney, J. L., 302 Diehl, George, D.D., 80 Diehl, Rev. W. K., 443 Diehlniann, F,, 267 Diffenderfer, G. M., D.D., 292 Dodge, W. E., 222 Domer, H. T., ... 287 Domer, Samuel. D.D., . . . . 285 Doty, Rev. R. W., 562 Douglas, Stephen A., . . . . 259 Downin, G. W., 463 Dunbar, W. H., D.D., . . . . 207 Eader, Mrs. E. M., 346 Eakle, A. D 455 Eberlr, H. R 292 Eddy; G. E., '. . ." 207 Edwards, U. B. F., 514 Enders, Rev. M. L., 505 Englar, G. W., Ph.D., D.D 563 Englehart, W., 505 633 634 PORTRAITS OF MINISTERS AND LAYJMEN. lOnslish, Rev. J. S., Krdnian, Rev. H. C, Eyster, Rev. C. M., . Faber, F, A., Falk, J. H., Falk, J. W., Feaster, W. H., Finckel, W. H Fleck, Rev. J. G., Floyd, D. B., D.D., . . . Fogle, C, Fogle, 0. M., Folk, Rev. E. L., Ford, J., Fosler, H. B., Fox, A. F., Fox, H. K. C, Fox, T. C, Frailey, C. P., Francis, J. M., D.D., . Freas, Rev. W., Freudenrich, Rev. C, . Fromke, H. J., Fry, C. E., Gerstniyer, H., Gift, F. U., D.D., Gilbert, F. L., Gleitsman, H., Gotwald, W. H., D.D., Graiehen, Rev. J. G., . . Griffith, H., Grim, George, Grubb, Rev. J. E., Haas, Fred, Hafer, Rev. L. B., Hagerty, H. R., Haller, J. M., Hanauer, H., Handley, J. TI., Hankey, R. W., Harkey, S. W., D.D., . Harms, J. E., D.D., . . Harp, M. D., Harrington, F. H., . . . Hartman, Rev. H. H., Hartman, J?ev. W. A., Hauer, J. D., D.D Hawkins, B. L., Hay, C. A., D.D., Heekert, Sister Zora, . Hedges, Rev. S. A., . . . Heilman, P. A., D.D., . Hennighausen, F. Ph., Hess, Rev. C. W., Hesse, Rev. F. W., . . . Hesse, W., D.D., 344, D., Fag 6 498 330 280 207 346 344 190 292 249 .564 302 328 364 514 200 287 346 493 292 496 566 269 346 463 259 233 496 222 322 570 514 267 196 200 394 190 344 200 425 415 80 457 346 344, 346 251 367 80 222 78 279 379 213 204 486 486 574 Hetriek, Rev. W. H., Heuser, Rev. W. L., Hickman, T. P., ... Hightman, Rev. F. A Hill, H. Himbury, J. W., . . . Hines, Rev. C. J., . . Hines, H. C, Hofferburt, J., Hoffman, Rev. J. L., Hollyday, J. D., Holmes, I., Hoover, D., Hoover, I. N., Hoover, Dr. P. D., . Horine, Dr. A. C., . . Horine, M. C, D.D., Howe, Rev. J. A., . . Hubner, John, Huddle, J. T., D.D., Hutterly, A. O., Hyer, G. S., Ibach, Rev. W. O., . Ide, E. E., D.D., .. Jones, Rev. C. S., . . Joyner, J. S., Juvenal, D. J., Kahline, F Kakel, F. W., Kalbach, L. A., .... Kanaga, J. D., .... Kayhoe, Rev. J. F. F Keedy, C. E., Keener, A. S., Keller, Ezra, D.D., . Kingsbury, J. G., . . Kirwan, E. F., Kitzmeyer, Rev. J. F. W KUne, Clara G., Kline, M. J., D.D., . Knieriem, C, Knodle, B., Koogle, J. W., Koons, C. F., Koser, Rev. J. G., . . Kumler, Mrs. Myrtle F Kratz, J. W., . ." Krauth, C. Philip, D.D Krauth, C. Porterfield, Kuhlman, L., D.D. Kuhns, J., Kurtz, B., D.D., LL.D Kurtz, J. D., D.D., . Lansdowne, G. E. S., Lantz. B. R., D.D., . Lau. Rev. J. B Page 423 576 295 247 514 346 241 200 259 228 452 ■ 505 494 496 496 328 80 348 267 287 287 287 401 231 580 207 190 222 219 302 463 581 190 463 .78,395 302 ■ 207 582 346 631 514 346 469 496 470 346 207 66 78 435 386 65 57 190 586 255 PORTRAITS OP MINISTERS AND LAYMEN. 635 Lawyer, C, Leather, 0. P., Leathernian, Rev. C. G., Leathennan, Eev. E. L Leech, A. Y., Jr., .... Leese, H. F., Leisenring, L. M., .... Leister, W. A., Leiter, F. S., Leuderking, L. T., . . . Linkins, G. W., Littler, J. S., Lehmar, W., Long, C, Long, J. B., Main, J. H., D.D., . . . Manken, Rev. Henry, J McCallister, J. G., ... McDaniel, Rev. C. T., . McDowell, S. J., D.D., Martin, Max, . Mentzer, W. S., Metzger, Rev. W. S. T Meyer, Rev. F. W., . . . Meyers, J. H., Michael, J. H., Miciaiekanf, V. E., . Middlekaiiflf, W., ... Miedwig, Andrew, . . Miller, H. M., Miller, Rev. H. N., Ph.D Miller, Rev. L. F., Miller, P. H., D.D., . . Miller, Rev. S. J., Miller, Victor, D.D., . . Minick, W. L., Minnick, Rev. W. G., . Mobley, Mrs. E. S., . . Mobley, G. L., Morris, J. G., D.D., LL Moaer, Rev. J. C, .... Mullen, Rev. A. O., . . Mullen, Rev. P. H. R., Mumford, Rev. Carl, . Muth, G. F., Myers, J. W., Myers, N. S., Neal, J. H., Newcomer, Rev. H. D., Nicholas, S. T., D.D., . Null, Rev. A. G., Ourand, C. H., Ott, J. W., D.D., Owen, S. W., L.D., LL.D Oyeman, G. F. C, Passavant, W. A., D.D Page 385 490 360 588 317 362 292 190 463 190 287 463 302 267 496 592 319 222 590 200 248 496 593 358 200 344 463 496 259 190 595 242 245 236 470 496 253 346 346 75 322 599 600 227 287 463 463 496 280 302 270 287 467 80, 458 248 80 Patterson, R. S., D.D., Payne, Oliver, Petrea, Rev. B. E., . . Petzold, E., Piel, H. L., Jr., Pieper, Rev. C, Pohlmau, A., M.D., D.D Pollard, W. A., Poflfenberger, Rev. R. S Quay, Rev. P. W., Reck, Rev. Abraham, . Reed, C. L., Reese, J. J., Reich, Henry, Sr., .... Reich, Henry, Jr., .... Reinewald, C., D.D., . . Remsberg, Rev. W. L., Renn, C Rhoderiek, G. C, Rice, Rev. C. E., Rice, M., Richardson, Rev. A. F., Riuehart, D., Ritter, Rev. C. L., Roessner, J. F., Rohrer, G. W., Roland, D. F., Rudisill, Rev. M. L., . . Rupley, Rev. J. B., ... Rupp, U. S. G., D.D., . Sachs, H. E., Sadtler, Benjamin, D.D Sahm, Maggie R., .... Saltzgiver, Rev. W. E., Sehaub, J., Schaeffer, C. F., D.D., Schaeffer, D. F., D.D., Schaetfer, J. D., Schissler, J. H., Schmidt, G. L., Schmidt, Rev. Richard, Schmitt, K. W., Sehniucker, S. S., D.D Schroeder, Maria E., Seeger, H. P., Seeger, P Seiss, J. A., D.D., LL.D Seltzer, H. H., .... Settlemever, Rev. W. H Shaffer, W. A., Sharetts, E. H., ... Shearer, T. F., Shilke, Rev. C. A., . Shoemaker, J. E., . . Sieber, L.L., D.D., . Sievertsen, B. O., . . •Simon, J. S., D.D., . .344 Pacjc 429 267 405 267 207 204 604 292 325 275 63 463 426 267 267 336 450 267 370 606 505 608 496 609 463 463 514 456 297 344 496 80 346 274 267 78 61 375 200 222 305 256 r3, 78 346 346 ,346 80 302 435 514 432 264 409 292 261 302 463 636 PORTRAITS OF MINISTERS AND LAYMEN. Tage Singley, F. J., 207 Slaybaugh, Rev. G. H., 322 Slit'er, Rev. W. G., fill Smith, F. F., 505 Smith, J. W., 512 Snively, C, 455 Snyder, Rev. H. W., 612 Snyder, L. G., 388 Snyder, Rev. Simon, 613 Snyder, Simon, 259 Somerville, J. W., 505 Sowers, S. W., 463 Spangler, Rev. W. M., 435 Spielmann, J., 222 Spindler, G., 259 Sprecher, S., D.D., 78 Staib, L. A., 207 Steck, C. F., D.D., 315 Steck, Rev. C. F., Jr., 614 Stein, C. F., 207 Sternat, Rev. F. C. J., 615 Stewart, W. W., 287 Stockslager, Rev. P. T. E., . . 616 Stoll, J. E 207 Stone, N. M., 302 Stork, C. A., D.D., 78 Storm, B., 346 Stonffer, J., 452 Stowell, W. McK., 292 Streit, Rev. Christian 47 Strole, C. E., 463 StuU, C. T., 411 Stup, Rev. G. Z., 617 Stup, S. E., 411 Styne, J. W., 190 Teufel, Rev. CM., 366 Thomas, C, 222 Tracy, C. H., 378 Traver, Rev. S., 381 Trexler, G. J., 399 Turner, J. H., D.D., 280 Twele, Rev. J. C, 304 IJhler, Rev. G. T., 352 Umberger, Rev. J. B., 390 Untermahlen, J. F., 386 Utterback, E. J., : . 420 Valentine, M., D.T)., LL.D., . 78 Wade, Rev. J. P., 435 Wade, Rev. W. A., 259 Wagner, A. K., 295 Wagner, F. R., D.D., 621 Wagner, G. W., Jr., 207 Waldman, H. C, 200 Waltemyer, J. L., 264 Waltemyer, Rev. W. C, 397 Waring, Rev. L. H., Ph.D., . . 322 Waters, J. S., 190 Watkins, L. M., 463 Weaver, A. H., 222 Weaver, Rev. F. H., 323 Weber, H. H., D.D., 625 Weber, W. W., 302 Wentz, Rev. A. R., Ph.D., . . . 626 Wentz, H. T., 378 Weidley, J., D.D., 294 Wheeler, Rev. W. E., 627 Whetstone, G. H., 496 Whitmore, T. A., 344, 346 Wickev, Rev. N. J. G., 323 Wiles," C. P., D.D., 627 Wiles, W. S., 420 Will, Rev. F. L., 437 Willard, C. B., 344 Willard, R., 505 Willis, Rev. J., 373 Wilson, A. A., 505 Winebrenner, B. A., 344 Wines, R. E., 302 Wink, .T. R. L., 362 Wiseman, D. E., D.D., 313 Wolf, Rev. A. G., 383 Wolf, E. J., D.D., 78 Wonder, T. A., 190 Yeiser, G. W., 385 Young, C. E., 463 Zacharias, H. C, 346 Zaiser, G., 267 Zentmyer, A. T., 469 Ziegler, S. F., 190 Zimmerman, Amanda D., .... 346 Zimmerman, G. H., 346 Zimmerman, J., D.D., LL.D., L.H.D., 629 Zimmerman, L. M., D.D 222 Zimmerman, W. D., 344 Zimmerman, W. G., 344, 346 Pictures of Churches Fage Baltimore, First, 194 Second, 197 Third, 201 8t. Stephen's, 205 St. Mark 's, 209 St. Paul's, 21.5 St. Luke 's, 22.5 Reformation, 229 Trinity 232 Calvary, 2.35 Incarnation, 239 Emmanuel, 241 Bethany, 243 Concordia, 246 Augsburg, 252 Brunswick, 327 Catonsville, 268 Clearspring Charge, St. Paul's, 444 Fair\aew, 449 St. Peter's, 4t7 Cumberland, St. Paul's, 504 St. Luke 's, 508 St. John's, 511 Emmitsburg, 337 Fredpsjick, Churcii, 340 Sunday School Building, . . 342 Frostburg, 513 funkstown ( 'harge, Funkstown, 451 Bakersville, 454 Hagerstown, St. John 's, 459 Trinity, 462 St. Mark's, 468 Fage Leitersburg Charge, Leitersl)urg, 471 Jacobs, 476 Manchester, 361 Manor-Doubs, St. Matthew 's, 365 MiDDLETOWN, 368 North Carroll Charge, Linelioro, 377 Bachman 's, 376 Pleasant Hjll, 387 Reisterstovvn, 276 Silver Run, St. Mary's, 384 Smithsburg Charge, Smithsburg, 487 Greensburg, 491 Snydersburg, 389 St. John 's Charge, St. John 's, 391 Wolfsville 393 Taneytown, 396 Thurmont, 398 Utjca Charge, Bethel, 410 Creagerstown, 413 Utica, 419 Walkersville, 421 Washington, St. Paul's, 281 Luther Place Memorial, ... 291 St. Mark 's, 298 Keller Memorial, 300 Zion, 307 Epiphany, 316 Waynesboro, 495 Westminster, 424 Winchester, 49, 50 637 General Index Abraham, Peravelli, 114 "Abstract of Doctrines and Practice," lol Aged, Home for, 126 Albert, C. S., 71», 143, Uo Albrecht, George, 114 Allgeier's Church, 35 Antietam Creek Churcli, .... 34 Arcadia, 35 Augsburg- Confession, 148flf Augustine, T. N". (Biog.), ••• 527 Baltimore, 27fl-, 75, 12 1 If Baltimore Churches, 189-263 Bachman 's Cliurch, 35 Bager, J. G., 28f , 34 Baugher, H. L., Sr., 77, 105, 108, 130, 132, ]50ff, 158, 166 Baughman, H. F., (Biog.), . 528 Baum, W. M 49 Bauslin, D. H., (Biog.), 528 Baust's Church, 406 Beard 's Church, 34 Beiswanger, G., (Biog.), ... 530 Bell, Albert, (Biog.), 531 Bell, C. P., (Biog.) 532 Bell, E. K., (Biog.), 533 Beneficiary Education, 131 Bikle, L. A., (Biog.), 138, 536 Bikle, P. M., (Biog.), 538 Bittle, D. F., 77, 134, 138 Bittle, D. H., 77,138 Bittle, J. E., (Biog.), 539 Book Company, ..... .122f, 142. 144 Boonsboro Charge, 35, 437-442 Botsford C. E., (Biog.), 541 Bounds of 8ynod, 164 Bowers, G. S., (Biog.), 541 Bowers, J. C, (Biog.) 542 Bowersox, G. E., (Biog.), .. 544 Bowersox, H. T., (Biog.), . . . 543 Braddock Church, 325f Bregenzer, 0. E., (Biog.), . . 545 Brown, J. A., 79,129 Brown, W. E., (Biog.), 545 Brunswick Charge, 326 -329 Burgess, E. B., (Biog.), 546 Burkittsville Cliarge, 330-333 Butler, C. IT., (Biog.\ 547 Butler, J. G., 79, 114, 125, 160 Byers, J. E., (Biog.), 548 C38 Fufje Calvary Charge, 263-265 Candler, David, lof Carty A. C, (Biog.), 549 Catonsville Church, 265-269 Central Missionary Society, .1(J7, 112 Church Work, Tlie Lutheran, 143 Civil War, 125 Clearspring Charge, 412-450 Clutz, J. A., (Biog.), 160 Common Service, 160 Conococheague, 22ff Conrad, F. W., .79, 138, 143, 150, 164 Conventions of Synod, 175tf Cordova Churches, 269f Crider 's Church, 34 Crigler, J. F., (Biog.), 553 Croos, W. M., (Biog.), 554 Culler, M. Ti., (Biog.) 555 Culler, S. H., (Biog.), 557 Cumberland Churches, 503-511 Day, W. C, (Biog.), 558 Deaconess Mother-House, . . . 126 Dean, O. C, (Biog.), 559 Deer Park Road Cliurch, . . .334-336 Derr, C. E., (Biog.) 560 Derr, R. v., (Biog.), 560 Derr, S. J., (Biog.), 561 Diehl, George, 6, 79, 143, 158 ' ' Definite Platform, " 74, 152 Domer, S., 79 Doty, R. W., (Biog.), .562 Education 1 27-139 Ellicott City Clmrch, 270-272 Emmitsburg Church, 34, 336-339 Englar, G. W., (Biog.), 562 Evangelical Alliance, 14, 157 p]yler, C. A., (Biog.), 563 Finckel, S., 77 Floyd, D. B., (Biog.), 137, 564 Foreign Missions, Ill Founders of Syno