GRAPHIC SERIES T*repared by WORLD OUTLOOK for the CENTENARY COMMISSION OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 111 Fifth Avenue New York City The Graphic Series embraces books on the following countries NORTH AFRICA CHINA • lAPAN • KOREA CENTRAL AFRICA MEXICO • MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES SOUTH AMERICA INDIA Copyright, 1918, by W orld Outlook HIS BOOK is not for church- men as such. It is for every man and woman who knows that in the gigantic struggle overseas we are dedicating our blood and our treasure to one proposition and one only — That if democracy is to be safe for us here at home, it must he made safe the whole world over. The conflict for world democracy is being won on fields much vaster though less famed than those of Flanders- and with weapons more telling than the giant guns of Picardy. This book portrays the battle-front which has been flung across the republics of South America in this non-military but world-wide struggle for a truer democracy. This book shows what we have put into the struggle there so far — and what further answer we must give to the wistful appeal which looks out to us over South-American mountain ranges from the eyes of the great “Christ of the Andes.” South America G F ood will win the war.” Posters dinned that into us for months. If, in generations past, we had cultivated South America’s acquain- tance more diligently, and taught South America how to till her fields more intelligently, — well, we wouldn’t have to be eating our crusts now. For South America is a potential food-factory that could supply more people than are in the war. With proper development, her fertile plains would teem with wheat and meat enough to defy all the submarines and all the wastage in the world. Argentina alone has more cattle than any other nation except India and the United States. She raises more sheep than any country except Australia. She leads the world in the sale of chilled meats. And Argentina is only one morsel of the juicy plum that is South America. The cattle of the Continent are mostly grass-fed, on the succulent alfalfa which grv)ws to luscious perfection on the black soil of the prairies. Great as is the mineral wealth of the Continent, the wealth of forest and field is greater. The table-lands of Brazil are an agricultural area of which only a small part is cultivated. And Brazil produces almost all the coffee the United States drinks. Peru’s levels, irrigated by the melting snows from the Andes, grow the finest cotton known. Argentina is near the top of the list of grain-producing countries. All these superlatives are even more impressive when we realize that South America is only on the threshold of her development. Her people, most of them, do not know how to take the next step. They haven’t learned intensive cultivation and the modern short cuts which increase production a hundredfold. The Christian missionary is the logical person to show the South-American how to work. Not so very long, ago when South America first asked to be shown, there was trickery and “salesmanship” that American business is finding very hard to live down. The confidence cf the South-American was shattered. The Christian mis- sionary is making a new start. He will restore our neighbors’ faith in us, in our manufactured products, in our methods, and will inspire a faith in our God. 1 Feed the World Mixed Races Indian Who Is T he mixed races are the bulk of the nations. They inherit the brains, energy and sterling character of Europe. But they may inherit also the weak- nesses and vices of the degraded Indian — together with the failings peculiar to race mixtures. South America ? 1 0, THE POOR INDIAN! An apathetic beast of burden — timid, cringing, downtrodden. He is almost a slave, works for a slave’s wages — something to eat, a place to sleep, and, too often, a jug of liquor, murderous in its effects, but also merciful in the brief forgetful- ness it brings of work and trouble. South America is 30% white. This class of people has great influ- ence in South-American progress. Included among them are many of the “intellectuales” who are the cultured leaders of the nations. The tide of immigration pours new vigor into the social, commercial, and political stream of South-American life. The republics which receive most of the foreign influx are the most advanced. In the city of Buenos Aires and its environs are nearly half a million Italians. Spanish immigration is almost as large as Italian. In Southern Brazil is a group of 300,000 Germans who are an important factor in the life of that section. German, French, Spanish, English, Portuguese, Italian — all are quick to see the undeveloped wealth of South America. The immigrant is more ener- getic than the native, and quickly grasps the com- mercial and industrial opportunities the continent lavishly offers. Too often there follows unscru- pulous exploitation and selfish enterprise which take no thought of “brotherly love” for the native South-American. As a class, the Europeans who are elbowing into South America are not bringing their religion with them. Theise Peopl e are Sick I IMxA., PERU, has an infant mortality of 236 per thou- sand children under one year of ag-e. Valparaiso’s ^ figures are 333. Forty-three per cent of the children of Valdivia die. For Concepcion, the percentage is forty-six. In Chile, 80% of the children die before they are five years old. In Bogota, Colombia, 80% die under two years. What are the causes? An unguarded milk supply. A moral condition that countenances the illegitimacy of enormous numbers of children. awful prevalence of venereal diseases. Epidemics of yellow fever, cholera, and smallpox have taken frightful toll in human lives. T he poor physical development of many of the people is due to causes which differ in the various classes. Race crossing, drink, and early vices con- tribute to the constitutional weakness of the population. Ignorance of hygiene makes their already susceptible bodies easy prey to a deadly germ. Local authorities are beginning to give this matter of public health some attention. Municipalities and occasionally the Roman Catholic Church have free milk stations, clinics, and hospitals. In Rio de Janeiro, one dispen- sary attached to an institutional church is maintained by the Methodist Episcopal Church South. In the length and breadth of the vast continent, there is but one real evan- gelical hospital to minister to the suffering millions. KiiliiilSIfili liiliiiiiliiSsi ■liiiiaiW South America in Health ? More Schools likeThes M ethodist episcopal schools in South America serve to break down an artificial caste distinction. For, in schools, the • sons of wealthy officials and of callous- fisted laboring men mingle to their mutual advantage. Sons of deputies become “good mixers ” and get to appreciate the hampered people. The sons of the wealthy learn to use their hands. The Indian learns how to earn a decent living to lift himself out of peonage. The American Institute at La Paz aims to give its students train- ing for life. Bolivia is essentially a mining country, and so the chem- istry courses teach assaying of ores, and the geology classes study mineral deposits. “We need religious ethics in Chilean life.” So says a young Chilean deputy. Religious ethics cannot be grafted upon an adult life nearly as easily as they can be inculcated in a plastic young one. That is the task of Methodist Episcopal schools—to teach religious ethics that will fit in a workaday South-American life. MeanMcae Upright Citizens A COMMERCIAL depart- ment graduates students ^ who soon jump to posi- tions of high salaries — and of confidence. Besides being trained in the problems of industry and commerce, these boys are affected by the wholesome influence of a Christian faculty. The graduates are worthy of trust. Why are there not many large commercial schools all over South America? They could do much for the republics. C HEAP “HELP” and the stigma attached to manual work cause slothful and incompetent methods among large classes of women in South America. Mothers, themselves ignorant of household economics, cannot instruct their daughters. The housekeeper in many homes is a doddering Indian crone who never heard of hygiene or cleanliness. The power of the Roman Church lies in her hold upon ignorant women, a grip that too often strangles progress. Opposed to this is the growing influence of the Woman’s College at Santiago. Here Chile’s daughters are taught to keep house, to do practical things, to think, to be truthful. Eathers favor this school of ours “because of the superior train- ing and moral influence their daughters receive.” ^Vln the N ation T he graduates are fine, competent home-makers. Their exam- ple is helping to raise the standard of housekeeping in all classes of society. The Santiago College needs to expand. At present, about three hundred students are enrolled in the School. Three hundred girls representing the most influential class of Chilean society. Three hundred girls who will be the heads of families of the next generation. Three hundred home-makers to demonstrate the superiority of our sewing-machines over the embroidery-frame. Three hundred husky girls to proclaim the joys of the gymnasium in the patio. Three hundred women propagandists of our New Testament standards of living. If the proposed new building is made possible, there will be five hundred. Why should Methodism be content with one such institution? South Americ Y oung south America is “all set,” ready to go. Rubbing shoulders with the democratic peoples of foreign lands, contact with the better class of visiting commercial men, the steadfast work of Protestant missionaries — all these influences have caused a great awakening among the better educated and traveled South-Americans. Many of them are daily admitting the failure of their social structure and civilization. There are thousands of young people seething with the desire to serve the great cause of humanity, to spread the truths of Christianity. But they don’t know how. Their eagerness is like a reservoir of energy, dammed in restless inactivity by the lack of opportunity. It lies in the power of our Church to open the flood-gates and direct this stream of youthful enthusiasm to do the great work of the next generation. Training Schools are the best means of harnessing this power to the machinery of the nations, of progress, of Christianity. is Tomorrow j “I In the beautiful Roman churches, every detail of structure is exquisite in design and color. A worshipper is uplifted by the sheer loveliness of the place. I N THE SOUL of the South- American, cramped and starved as it is, there lives a love of beauty, a hunger for things of grace and light and color. That hunger is satis- fied by the sight of the slender spires, the lacy wood-carving, the beautiful ceremony and paraphernalia that char- acterize the Roman Catholic Church. In the cathedral, the morning sunlight filters through gorgeous stained glass, through a blue haze of fragrant incense, and lights up the image on the altar. The air vibrates with peals of music. The tide of emotion which wells up in’ response to this appeal to the senses is mistaken for religious fervor. And, for a time at least, the man is uplifted. In a bare, shabby frame building our mis- sionary can offer nothing to satisfy the Latin craving for beauty. Until our gospel has a setting that is at least dignified and worthy, its message will not vitally affect the cultured South-American. In the Methodist buildings, bare and austere, the religious ardor of the people must combat an atmosphere that is bleak and gray, not warm and colorful. Turn T Boy A LAST LINGERING LOOK. A disgusted, disillusioned look. A clear-eyed, seeing look that penetrates beneath the beautiful exterior into the decay which lies beneath. ^ Young South America is not satisfied with Roman Catholicism. The young men and the strong men realize that their Church is empty, lacking in moral strength and spiritual leadership. One writer says that the women and wearers of ponchos are for the Church, but the young men are against it. Free-thinking, scepticism, agnosticism, and atheism are rife among the rising genera- tion. In Colombia, nine out of ten of the intellectuals are agnostics. A great many of the Government students of Bolivia and Peru are hostile to the Romish Church. A college professor admits that not five per cent of Government college students have any religious beliefs. Even the influences of the Roman preparatory schools do not last well into the university. When this boy decides to ABOUT FACE, we want him to turn our way — to a new life which will be adequate to the new day. e OUR Wky What Have^^^ Done for South America in Religion? We have made a good start; having started, we must finish. W E HAVE 137 missionary and foreign workers in the field, who have called to their standards 239 native preachers and workers. On the East Coast, several churches have demonstrated the possibility of self-support. But well begun, in this case, is not half done. A report of 1916 states that in all South America there are only 320 ordained foreign missionaries. And South America’s population is estimated at seventy millions. In North America, in the evangelical churches, we have a clergyman for every 622 people. In South America, there is an ordained Protestant minister for every 156,250 people. Even if the figures were brought up to date, there would be no great change in the ratios. The itinerant preacher on his sleepy burro is typical of our programme for South America in the past. The burro is strong, dependable; he has done some fine work which only he could do. But he is not big enough nor fast enough to accomplish all that is to be done. What Does Soutt S' HE has great cities. She has vast agricultural and mineral wealth. She has eager and re- sourceful leadership. She needs sympathetic cooperation in the develop- ment of her intellectual life. She needs the reviving force of real religion. I N SOME PART she needs much in the way of sanitation and medical relief. She needs those broad foundations in the home and in the school and in the church upon which democracy may safely rest. erica Need? What^bur Monc^^ll I F YOU could take a young boy from the surroundings of a club-room where gambling and cynical philosophy and unflattering talk about women are the sources of amusement, — if you could let him experiment in a chemistry laboratory and get all wrought up over football, — wouldn’t it be as good as taking a step back to your own boyhood days? If you came upon a man your own age — a man whose constitution had been so undermined by early vices and bad habits that even when he was well he had none of that “joy of living” feeling — a man who had found that business success brought no happiness — a man who, in looking at the down-hill side of life, saw only that which aroused fear — if you could give him a Message that would bring him spiritual peace, — don’t you think it would bring you a glow of satisfaction? Do for These People I F YOU could take a little baby, — an “unwanted” baby, who was dying of disease and malnutrition, and take him to a hospital where the sheets and the milk and the atmosphere were clean and sweet, where he would be cared for by a woman who wants him because he is God’s— if you could do that,— wouldn’t you feel a certain pleasure in doing it ? If you could send a young girl to school, — a young girl who, for lack of normal interests and exercise, is developing an abnormal sex interest, a young girl whom crafty priests may be influencing toward unmorality, — if you could send her to a school where she would learn to play basket-ball and play fair, where she would have a chance to retain her sweetness and freshness as your daughter does, — wouldn’t it give you a feeling of real, honest pride? Pledge l&ur Support-Today T here is a generation of kiddies in South America looking to North America, confident that our ideal of a world “safe for democracy” will include them. In their lives, democratic institutions don’t mean big abstractions. They mean a public interest in pure milk, a law to make irresponsible fathers share in the maintenance of their children, a chance to learn to read, the prospect of a decent job. Ambassadors and commissions are apt to miss little details of democracy like these. But such little details are the job of the Church. Across the sea, on a battle-line flung from the Channel to the Holy Land, millions in money and in lives are being spent to rid the Earth of the Thing which burns little thatched homes, batters down cathedrals hallowed by generations of worshippers, fires upon the symbol of the Red Cross and flourishes aloft a bayonet on which is impaled a baby. The men and money will not have been expended in vain, because this generation, when it has conquered that Thing, will know that it leaves the world a better place for youngsters to come into and grow up in. This conquest is not a War. It is a World Movement. The Cen- tenary Campaign of our Church is an integral part of that movement, because its purpose is the same. We are enlisting men and money in the Crusade to make the world a better place to live in. In South America the work takes the form of an effort to abolish the Conditions which permit many of a city’s babies to be without a name, — Conditions which permit 80% of a city’s babies to die before they are two years old, — Conditions which permit a labor system of peons that is as truly a feudalism as anything Europe ever had in the Middle Ages, Conditions which permit one group of people to burn the Book that is sacred to another group. That’s our Campaign ! T LIES in your power to write on the blank pages of a little child’s life the promise of a heal- thy start, a clean home atmosphere, the prospect of a decent job, the hope of sal- vation. When you look around at your kid- dies and your neighbors’ kiddies, who have health and names and homes and decent things as a matter of course, the thankful- ness to God which wells up and makes the lump in your throat should not be repressed as un- manly; it should be allowed to express itself in doing things for other less fortunate little tads in South America. I Want $ 5.500,000 Here’s How More publishing houses to eireulate clean, moral, relig- ious and efficiency literature, to build up the morals of the growing boys B uild two hundred elemen- tary schools to teach trades and sanitation, hygiene, and the Gospel. Children would liter- ally flock to such schools. Strengthen the existing high schools and double their number at once. Establish hospitals where pa- tients may receive the kindly at- tention of Christian physicians and nurses and where a “fiend of a Protestant” will not be permitted to die because of neglect received at the hands of a bigoted hospital staff in a Romish institution. Train in our theological and Bible schools an adequate number of zealous national leaders to shape for South America 11 Spend It for South America the constructive programme she needs. Prepare deaconesses, visiting nur- ses, Bible women and teachers to go among the sick and poverty-stricken peons and show them how to live. The future “League of Nations” will need someone who will repre- sent one nation to another more honestly than a mere trader, more intimately than a consul. The Christian church stands for the spirit of love that will interpret the Pan-American union in the terms of the brotherhood of Reinforce the present missionary staff and provide groups of confer- ence evangelists to occupy new terri- men. Bank of ]V[g tropolis TO THE ORDER ’Methodist board Here is wnat you write ere is w nat you do Bank, of "A Sound Body, M^nd PRESIDENT WILSON sajys: “T THINK it would be a real misfor- X tune, a misfortune of everlasting- consequence, if the missionary pro- gram for the world should be inter- rupted. There are many calls for money, but that the work undertaken should be continued at its full force seems to me of capital necessity.” t-t: ‘sSp -.r‘ypl f.' ^ ■^a' ,t<' .*^1 ^i‘ - -.' IK- ■■£»v' ■3!>- a. »r ’ '-?^r‘ * —^JJ^*''^ ' :i:^ i^V-V ■- ..<^, ^ f -%V -:-or’' .;*• ■Ssyu £3P*<*; ■> .'^jPv- ■' ^ • :**.'** ^SP*? m ' i-.? ^ 'Jf" ' ' ^ a.- >W t 2 J?V' kj.; ’ ' ***^ 7 d*<. ^ ^ vv- / - ■VC;.; j. y^ .^ i£ WJ . jrT £v Vi/v^ sJLA. ■ " ‘j- *■■ -t - ; VJS.?.',;^r,^ -■ sd :fe_.U'fl ow- ii -ii -m 'f 3 n ^-•- - *% 54 ^^' -| 4 ' -JT^ |K' ' ^ ^ ’ . I ■g , ts; j-'' ■’■•.. ~ ♦ •• ■r‘*\ ~f-r^’^ -^“i > r rc;i'^ 4 ' flf . <»»T '^* '*■ ^cfl .'-'VV '.IV’ .' 4 t ■=■' :'M