. iMf I j| H mm CU1 0797823 ’Sif ; : W-M r-< :. yt * 5» iv *>,>•„••' . -UV ; ‘fi-i-^ '>■'( '£} .'■ ■ ', . pu \- S', 2 e ' . • • , V 1 1 ' 1 1 $ J fM -' v , 7 $ T jlMSf# .?»■* Sf#§ •‘ .oWS-'.i r&i&k't. . ’'• 4 V’..Vs 1 p §§1 ffk $£& I : £ ■ lb 9 pB ::r h :‘m mir% cWm: ; ‘*'M\ Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. Navy Department* Civil Affairs Handbook. Japanese Mandated Islands. pi li fe| iSI-vv,;. iiwi jraS| f i R 7’ »«. |l I tipi R^pfeite fclllill® j! ■ ' V£:.'vi ,7 7.- SSp^pP-::;;. -Sip ‘: HE $7 1 :^ 7 . V'.A JWJJgBffA; •* BftSTflSIfl JO 7 wt : !;V: J^' wit® 7 ; ... ; ■■ 7V : "7:, ' . i, . '. ’■ 1 - 777 , 7 : ' Columbia Stiriumitp m(Ij?£itpoOtatigmt THE LIBRARIES EAST ASIATIC COLLECTIONS Slnill ctti I I v ■ A',; y U'H^y '■ i 0"' l «'•*'. •>''■£•■ f I KSwSpESs ■•' *.’•» "" Mww BFFIERS Administrative Organization and Personnel of the Japanese Mandated Islands ' WMW ' BmBf : . •Ji : OPNAV 50E -4 «ii| $ ji I ■ • mmm i i . v/ . DECLASSIFIED QBRARY ok congress F.A.C Flip! Mo 429 V v. W ;Jiy v - •' AUTHORITY: &. . 0/ * 5. j 'V f . 'jj*T y A I OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS NAVY DEPARTMENT 1 JANUARY 1944 Op. 50-E/WSH:mec LETTER OF PROMULGATION I I 3 I A I Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Navy Department. Washington 25, D. C. 1 January 1944. CIVIL AFFAIRS HANDBOOK Administrative Organization and Personnel of the Japanese Mandated Islan ds. OPNAV 50E-4 1. OPNAV 50E-4 is a non- registered RE STOIC TED publication. It is intended to provide useful information for civil affairs officers in. the areas indicated, but the material con- tained herein may be of value to other officers and' for other purposes. 2. The information in this publication is based largely on sources of later date than those used in OPNAV 50E-1, Military Government Handbook. Marshall Islands . Consequently the information in Part 2 of. OPNAV 50E-1 is to some extent superseded by information in the present volume. 3. This publication shall be used and stowed in accordance with the provisions of U. S. Navy Regulations, Articles 75, 75^, and 76. F. J. HORNE, Vice Admiral, U. S. Navy, Vice Chief of Naval Operations. 1 > PREFACE This handbook is designed primarily for the use of Army and Navy com- manders and their staffs and subordinates who may be concerned with military government and the control of civil’ affairs in the Japanese Mandated Islands of the Pacific. It is therefore concerned exclusively with information perti- nent to administrative planning and action. Following a brief introductory chapter on the historical development of the Japanese administrative organization in the South Seas, the materials are arranged in chapters and sections corresponding to the organizational units as they existed at the time of the latest detailed accounts. Most of the in- formation has been obtained from, or verified in, Japanese official reports published since 1938. In certain instances the facts have been checked and supplemented by informants who were living in the islands as late as 1941. Four organizational charts have been included to clarify the formal re- lationships existing between the various administrative organs. Three are con- cerned with the structure of the central administration. The fourth presents the organization of a typical Branch Government, that of the Jaluit District which comprises most of the Marshall Islands. With the outbreak of war in December, 1941, a military government was established in the Japanese Mandated Islands. As a consequence, many of the functions of the previous civil administration were presumably transferred to the naval authorities, and numerous changes in the personnel were probably, made. Detailed information as to the precise nature of these changes is not yet avail- able. However, a knowledge of the civil Administration of the islands, as it developed over a period of years, should facilitate the intelligent conduct of civil affairs. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page LETTER OF PROMULGATION i PREFACE lii 1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH SEAS GOVERNMENT 1 Military Administration (1914-1918) 1 Civil Administration under Military Control (1918-1922) 1 Establishment and Reorganization of the Nanyo Cho 1 2. CENTRAL ORGANIZATION OF THE SOUTH SEAS GOVERNMENT 3 Greater East Asia Ministry 3 Organization of the Nanyo Cho 5 Governor 7 •Secretariat 8 Department of Domestic Affairs 8 Department of Economic Development 11 3. SUBORDINATE INSTITUTIONS 13 Products Museum 13 Saipan Civil Engineering Station 13 Tropical Industries Research Institute 13 Marine Products Experiment Station 13 Meteorological Observatory 13 Courts of Justice 14 Hospitals 14 Post Offices 15 Schools 17 National Shrine 21 4. BRANCH GOVERNMENTS 23 Branch Government Organization 23 Saipan Branch Government 24 Palau Branch Government 25 Yap Branch Government 25 Truk Branch Government ' 25 Ponape Branch Government 26 Jaluit Branch Government / 26 ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTS Administrative Hierarchy in the South Seas Government 2 Greater East Asia Ministry 4 South Seas Government (Nanyo Cho) 6 Jaluit Branch Government 22 v . ' .N. Vs i > • A 1 V- ■ ■ . • * ' 1. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH SEAS GOVERNMENT Military Administration (1914-1918). When the Japanese expeditionary squadron occupied the Micronesian Islands in October, 1914, the squadron commander immediately es- tablished a military administration. In December of the same year the administration of tjie islands was taken over by the so-called Provisional Naval Garrison (or South Seas Defense Corps). Garrison headquarters were established on Truk, and the islands were dLVided into the five administrative districts of Saipan, Palau, Truk, Ponape, and Jalult. Il April, 1915, Yap was added as a sixth administrative district. Naval personnel were placed in charge of the affairs of each district. Civil Administration under Military Control (1918-1922). On July, 1918, the Jap- anese established a Civil Administration Department , which remained, however, under the cntrol of the commander of the Naval Garrison. A civil administration station, respon- sible to the Civil Administration Department, was set up in each of the six administrative districts. The staffs of these stations consisted of civil officials, who took over the' caduct of general administrative affairs from the naval personnel. Such of the latter as reaained functioned primarily as local police. On December 17, 1920, the German island possessions to the north of the equator assigned to Japan by the League of Nations under a Class C mandate. In accordance w i i h the terms of this mandate, the Japanese began to withdraw their troops in 1921 and COJ |)leted the withdrawal in March, 1922. During the period from 1920 to 1922 the Civil Adiinistration Department acted under direct instructions from the Minister of the Navy. In July, 1921, its headquarters were transferred from Truk to Palau. Establishment and Reorganization of the Nanyo.Cho . In 1922 the administration of tn* mandated islands was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Minister of the Navy to th 4 of the Prime Minister, and the Civil Administration Department was superseded by a organization, the South Seas Government or Nanyo Cho. (Nanyo Cho, though commonly nslated.as "South Seas Bureau," actually means' "SquE[:T S e as Government," and is located Koror; it should therefore be clearly distinguished from the South Seas Bureau proper Tokyo. ) Like its predecessor, the South Seas Government had its headquarters' at Koror Palau, and the old administrative districts were preserved. I As originally constituted, the South Seas Government consisted of a Governor; his etariat, concerned principally with matters requiring official secrecy and those re- ng to statistics; a Domestic Affairs Section, supervising local administration and po- affairs; a Financial Section, handling budgets, accounts, and public works; and a nial Section, dealing with industries and ammuni cations. Under the central South Seas rnment a Branch Government was set up for each of the six administrative districts. Since its establishment, the Nanyo Oho has undergone frequent organizational ges. The most thoroughgoing of these occurred in December, 1924, when the Government transferred from the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister to that of the Ministry of seas Affairs (the colonial, not the foreign, ministry of Japan). Reorganization in- sed the number of sections from three to five, as follows: Communications, Coloniza- tion Police Affairs, Financial Affairs, and Miscellaneous (or General) Affairs. In ad- dition to the Branch Governments, the following offices were affiTTated with the Nanyo Cho: a m( teorological observatory, seven post offices, seven hospitals, a mining station, an in- d us irial laboratory, courts of justice, seventeen public schools, three primary schools, and, two subsidiary or branch primary schools. In 1929 a Civil Engineering Station and a Products Museum, and in 1931 a Marine Prochcts Experiment Station, were added to the organization of the Nanyo Cho. In 1935 the Secretariat was subdivided into two sections, the Confidential Affairs Section and the Archives Section, and to these was added an Investigation (or Research) Section in I 93 I The various sections of the Nanyo Cho likewise underwent continuous revision, and in :9 37 they were grouped under the two newly established departments, namely a Depart- ment of Domestic Affairs and a Department of Economic Development (or Colonization. ) ne tr at in in ' I ( * Administrative hierarchy mthe South Seas Government - mt RESTRICTED 1 RESTRICTED 2. CENTRAL ORGANIZATION OF THE SOUTH SEAS GOVERNMENT Greater East Asia Ministry . On November 1, 1942, tlie Nanyo Clio was transferred, from the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Overseas Affairs to that of the newly established Greater East Asia Ministry, which was organized to administer all the conquered regions of Asia and the Pacific not under actual military government. Form'ed as an emergency or- ganization to handle all political, economic, and cultural affairs in the regions under Its administration, the new ministry replaced a number of earlier organizations, assumed their functions, and, for the most part, absorbed their personnel. Among the organiza- tions it superseded were the China Affairs Board (Board of Asiatic Affairs), the Manohukuo Affairs Board, the Colonization Bureau, the Northern Regions Development and Southern Re- gions Development Bureaus of the Department of Overseas Affairs, and the East Asia Bureau of the Foreign Ministry. ~ The central organization of the Greater East Asia Ministry, in Tokyo, consists of a Minister, directly responsible to the Prime Minister, a Vice Minister; six Councillors; a Sec- retariat with four section, those of Archives, Personnel, Accounts, and Communications; a Bur®»u of General Affairs; a Manohukuo Bureau; a China Bureau; and a South Seas Bureau, rhe Minister in 1942 was Kazuo Aoki,whowas born in 1889 and was graduated from the School f* at. the Tokyo Imperial University in 1926. He served as Secretary of the Japanese “•fay i n London from 1917 to 1921, and thereafter until 1936 held various responsible positions in the Finance Ministry in Tokyo. Between 1936 and 1942 he was successively VioejDireotor of the Manchurian Affairs Board, Vice President and then President of the Gabljnet Planning Board A Finanoe Minister of Japan, Supreme Advisor to the Nanking Govern ment’ previ foil Amer and Minister of State without Portfolio. The Vice Minister, Kumaichi Yamamoto, had iously been Vice Minister of the Foreign Office and had earlier held successively the owing posts in the Foreign Office: Director of the Commerce Bureau, Director of the lean Affairs Bureau, and Director of the East Asia Bureau. The Councillors function as individuals, making separate special investigations assigned to them by the General Affairs Bureau of the Ministry, and acting as coordinating agents between the Ministry and its field offices. The Councillors appointed in 1942 were: 3usumu Matsumura, born in 1886, graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University Medical School in 1917, studied in Europe and America, appointed. Professor at Chiba Medical College in 1923, appointed Director of the Cultural Division of the China Affairs / Board in 1939. Shichiro Miura; born in 1889, graduated from Tokyo Imperial University a 3 a civil en- | gineer in 1914, sent to Europe and America on inspection trips, has held positions as Chief of Shimonoseki Public Works and member of the technical staff of the Peking t Construction Board. tateo Morishige, born in 1902, graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1925, has held positions as Chief of the Asiatic Affairs Section and Director of the Southern Regions Development Bureau in the Ministry of Overseas Affairs. ^atsuji Nakano, who prior to his appointment had been Director of the Control Bureau of the Ministry of Overseas Affairs. *aheita Okazaki, born in 1897, graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1922, at- tached to the London branch of the Bank of Japan in 1932, became Vice Chief of the Foreign Exchange Bureau of the Bank of Japan, appointed Director of the China Devel- opment Commercial Bank in 1939. Apata Sugihara, born in 1899, graduated from Osaka Municipal Commercial College in 1922, appointed Chancellor at the Japanese Embassy in Washington in. 1924 , held consular and diplomatic posts in China, served as section chief in the East Asia Bureau of the Foreign Office since 1938. The General Affairs Bureau was headed in 1942 by Shimpei Takeuchi, who was born ia I 8 S 4 , graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University Law School, and sent by the Finance Ministry to Great Britain and France in 1934, since which time he had served as hank In- spected and section chief in the Foreign Office and as investigator for the Liaison Bureau of th« China Affairs Board. The General Affairs Bureau consists of four sections, deal- ing respectively with General Affairs, Economics and Finance, Investigation, and Liaison. The Chief of the China Bureau in 1942 was Uzuhiko Usami, who was born in 1893 and graduated from Tokyo Imperial University in 1918; after holding various consular and dip- lomatlj posts In China, Switzerland, and Germany, he was appointed Minister to Egypt, then Dlreotjr of the Economic Section of the China Affairs Board. The Chief of the Manohukuo 3 RESTRICTED Bjureau was Toshio Imayoshi, who was born in 1898, was graduated in English law at Tokyo Imperial Ihiversity in 1922, and held various positions in the Home Office and the Ministry o:f Overseas Affairs, culminating in the post of Director of the Northern Regions Develop- ment Bureau. i The South Seas Bureau in the Greater East Asia Ministry was given jurisdiction over all general affairs connected with the southern regions, including Thailand and Indo- china. Its Chief in 1942 was Itaro Mizuno, who was born in I 896 and graduated in French law from Tokyo Imperial University in 1920; after holding diplomatic posts in Belgium and France, he entered the Commercial Affairs Bureau of the Foreign Ministry, where he beoame section chief and finally Director. The South Seas Bureau, when organized, had six sec- tions, namely, those of General Affairs, Administration, Culture, Economics, Production, and Communications. The relationship between the present South Seas Bureau and the Nanyo Cpd is not known in explicit detail, but it is presumably the same as that of its prede- cessor in Tokyo, which served as a liaison with the various ministries and handled all mjpftters pertaining to the Nanyo Cho which had to be acted upon in Tokyo and did not require *whe personal attention of the Minister. : Organization of the Nanyo Cho . As a result of successive reorganizations, the Nanyo Cho consisted, in 1941, or the Governor, the Secretariat, the Department of Domestic Affairs, the Department of Economic Development (or Colonization), four Courts of Justioe, a number of special bureaus and offices, and six Branch Governments. The number of offi- ciaLs reported to be employed by the Nanyo Cho in 1939 is given in the table below, clas- sified according to department or division and status. The actual number of persons in service, however, is somewhat less, sinoe some men, particularly those of high rank, occupy mor B than one official position. Chokunin Sonin Hannin Others Total Governor 1 — mf. 1 Secretariat • 13 13 40 66 Domestic Affairs Department - 10 49 48 107 Economic Development Department - 17 60 52 129 Courts of Justice — 11 7 5 23 Post Offices - 1 104 124 229 Hospitals - 9 .30 51 90 Tropical Industries Institute - 6 12 17 35 Products Museum • 1 5 4 10 Marine Experiment Station - 2 6 13 21 Saipan Engineering Station - 1 5 11 17 Meteorological Observatories - 1 19 35 55 Schools - 2 231 51 284 Branch Governments 1 - 7 119 240 366 Totals 1 81 660 691 1433 The terms for rank In the above table require some definition. In the Japanese civil-service system there are four major classes of officials, namely, Shinnin, Ghokunln, Sonin } and Hannin in order of rank. Shinnin officials are installed by the Emperor; they are few in number and confined to the Japanese Imperial Government proper. Chokunin of- ficials are appointed by imperial edict. They are classified into a first and a second grade, with a fixed salary differential. The salaries differ somewhat with locality, but the maximum is ¥ 5,350 and the minimum ¥ 4,650 per year. Officials of Sonin rank are ap- pointed by the Cabinet from among graduates of the imperial universities who possess the Ph.D^ degree. They fall into two categories, j imukan and experts. Only those who have graduated from an imperial law school qualify as j imukan, and only officials of this cate- gory are entitled to hold executive positions Such as that of Branch Governor. Independ- ently -of these categories, officials of Sonin rank are classified into six grades (num- beredjj from 3 to 8 ) y which carry fixed salaries ranging from ¥ 4,050 down to ¥ 1,130 a year. Officials of Hannin rank are appointed by the ministry under which they serve, although in outlying regions such as the South Seas the appointive power is often delegated to a Governor or other high official. Hannin officials fall into four grades, each of which is subdivided into three classes, and they receive salaries ranging from a maTlmiim of * 2,1|6 o to a minimum of ¥ 480 per annum. I Positions in the civil-service hierarchy carry with them not only precedence but power,, a Sonin official, for example, must show deference to and obey the orders of an offic.ial of Chokunin rank, and in turn is empowered to command and exaot respect from of- RESTRICTED SOUTH SEAS GOVERNMENT (NMYO QfTM 1 RESTRICTED fj'icials of Hannin rank. Within a single named rank, moreover, officials of a higher num- bered grade (or class) enjoy the same authority over those with junior appointments. Un- less due weight is given to these rigidly observed relationships of dominance and submis- sion, the true nature of the Japanese civil service hierarchy cannot be properly grasped. Iln some instances, temporary rank is conferred upon an official, carrying with it all the prerogatives of tAe status but without the title. Thus a man who holds a responsible position may be treated as though he were Sonin, although his actual rank is Hannin. i It should be noted that nearly half of the employees of the South Seas Government dlo not hold any of the above-mentioned ranks, and are therefore inferior in status to Han- njin officials. Such persons include both Japanese and natives. Important among the Jap- anese officials without rank are policemen and service employees. The native officials Who fall into this category include village chiefs and headmen, native policemen, native medical practitioners, midwives, and service employees. The present volume is concerned ''almost exclusively with that part of the administrative hierarchy of the South Seas Gov- ernment which is filled with persons of Hannin rank and above. Other employees are not listed by name in the official Japanese publications. An important integrative factor in the organizational structure of the Nanyo Cho dties not become apparent from the formally established relationships between offices, in- stitutions, and posts, as represented, for example, in organizational charts. In many In- stances coordination is primarily achieved through the appointment of a single official tc, two or more positions. Thus, for example, the integration of the activities of the Confidential Affairs and Archives Sections of the Secretariat is assured by the fact that or\ e man (Kunio Mitsuyasu in 1941) is chief of both sections. Coordination of the Products Muigeum with the Commerce and Industry Section of the Department of Economic Development isj similarly achieved by a common head (Kotaro Sakakida in 1941). In like fashion a close relationship between the Saipan Civil Engineering Station and the Publio Works Section of th4 Department of Domestic Affai.rs is assured by making a member of the Section (Masao juda in 1941) the head of the Station. The same system of integration also operates hin the Branch Governments. It is the usual practice, for example, to appoint two or ree members of the staff of the district hospital to positions in the Branch Government self. Ya wi- th it bl di Integration and consistency in administration are also achieved through the esta- Lshed practice of transferring officials frequently from one post to another and from one strict to another within the mandated area. In this way administrators are made familiar willh a wide variety of problems in different regions. As a consequence, a military oc- cupation 0 f the Japanese islands in Micronesia would probably find relatively few officials stilii holding the positions attributed to them in this volume. Most of the same personnel, hovLver, would doubtless be found occupying other posts in the area. Governor. The Governor (less properly called Director) of the South Seas Govern- jt in 1939 was Kenziro Kitaj ima. (Chokunin), who was born in 1893, graduated from the ^yo Imperial University in 1917, ana toured Europe and America in 1929. In 1940 and |l the Governor was Shunsuke Konao (Chokunin), who had been Governor of Kumamato Pre- Sture in 1939. Korido was born in 1890 and graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University .L916 . On November 5, 1943, it was announced that the former Comraander-in-Chief of the Lna fleet, Vice Admiral Ishiro Hosokaya, had been appointed Governor. Hosokaya was born 1888, and graduated from the Naval Academy in 1908 and from the Naval Staff College in 10 . He had been captain of the battleships Chokai and Mutau, section chief in the Naval ppiies Bureau, and Director of the Torpedo School and the Naval Communications School, i, since the outbreak of the war, had held important posts at sea. I In 1941, though primarily responsible to the Minister of Overseas Affairs, es- pecially in matters of personnel, the Governor of the Nanyo Cho was responsible to the Minister of State for Communications in respect to matters connected with posts, tele- 6 ra 'ph, and telephone, and to the Minister of State for Agriculture and Commerce in regard matters concerned with weights and measures. Since 1942, the Governor has presumably n responsible solely to the Minister of Greater East Asia. to bee Gov The Governor is empowered, either ex officio or by special authorization, to issue r ernment orders carrying penalties for infraction of penal servitude with hard labor or imprisonment for a period not to exceed one year, or police detention, or fines of not rnorp than 200 yen. In cases of emergency he may also issue orders with heavier penal ci^ises, but he must ask for imperial sanction immediately after their issuance, and, if imperial consent is withheld, must announce the invalidity of the orders at issue for the future. Although theoretically clothed .with such powers, the Governor has seldom exer- cised them, for in practice all important administrative decisions have been initiated by impel r i a i ordinances. 7 RESTRICTED Secretariat . The high ranking officials of the Secretariat, together with the Governor, constitute an executive board on matters of policy. In 1939, the following cf ficial 3 of Sonin rank were members of the Secretariat: Takejiro Furukawa, Teiichi Domoto Kenjiro Watanabe, Heteo Handa, Wataru Nakamura, Sanshio Asahara, Haruhiko TsunekicMi, Naotaro Mori, and Yukio Tafuki. The members of the Secretariat of Sonin rank in 1940 we re the following: Kunio Mitsuyasu, Teiichi Domoto (treated as Chokunin), Onji Kanai, Watejru Nakamura, Sanshio Asahara, Kuniyasu Suzugi, Shigekazu Fujimoto, Hatsau Kawano, Isao AraHi, Kotaro Sakakida, Kaneto Tsukahara, Yukio Tafuki, and Tsuhekazu Sugiura. In 1941, thetre were only three members of the Secretariat of Sonin rank: Onji Kanai, Wataru Nakamuifa, and Kunio Mitsuyasu. The Secretariat consisted, in 1940, of three subdivisions: a Confidential Affaijrs Section, an Archives Section, and an Investigation (Research) Section. Each section W-as administered by a chief of Sonin rank, appointed by the Governor. In 1941 the Investiga- tion Section was abolished, and its functions were taken over by the newly formed Planning Section of the Department of Domestic Affairs. The Confidential Affairs Section was directed in 1941 by Kunio Mitsuyasu (Sonirfi), the section chief. Assisting the chief in 1939 were three clerks of Hannin rank, Suk szo Sasaki, Yoshitaka Nakajlma, and Saburo Okazawa . The functions of this section were jbhe following: Matters relating, to the Emperor’s portrait. Confidential Matters. Status, appointment, and dismissal of officials. Conferring of court ranks, decorations, and rewards. Pensions (exclusive of police personnel). Ceremonies and rites. Custody of official seals. Other matters assigned by the governor. The Archives Section was, in 1941, also under the direction of Kunio Mitsuyasu, Assisting the chief in the affairs of this section in 1939 were two clerks of Hannin rdnk, Nagatsugi Nakamata and Taiseki Aoki, and one part-time interpreter of Hannin rank, Orino- suke Kobayashi. The functions of this section were as follows: Receipt, dispatch, compilation, and preservation of documents. Examination and distribution of documents. Affairs relating to books and other publications. Translation. Proclamations. Publication of the Official Gazette. Matters not in charge of other sections. The Investigation Section, in 1940, was directed by Teiichi Domoto (_jonin lank, treated as Chokunin). A number of other officials of Sonin rank devoted part of their time to the work of this section. In addition to these men there were, m 1939, four clerks of Hannin rank, Toranosuke Suzuki, Takashi Iura, Masasane Kubota, and Shigeyuki Marumo, and three interpreters, also of Hannin rank, Orinosuke Kobayashi (part-tine), Yoshio Ibe, and Kiyoshi Hori. The functions formerly assigned to the Investigation Sec- tion are listed below under the Planning Section of the Department of Domestic Affairs, which took them over in 1941. Department of Domestic Affairs. The Chief of the Department of domestic Affairs in 1940 and 1 94r~w a J~Te i i ch'ilTomoto (Sonin rank, treated as Chokunin). In 1940 Domot. was also head of the Investigation Section of the Secretariat, and, in 1941, when this section was abolished and its functions absorbed by the newly formed Planning Section of th, De- partment of Domestic Affairs, he became head of the latter section as well a, 3 of th De- partment. Under the Chief, who is appointed by the Governor and acts under J ; h ® * immediate supervision, the Department is organized into five sections. In 1940 these were the Local Affairs Section, the Financial Affairs Section, the Taxation Section^ the I6lice S?ai?s Section^ and the Public Works Section. In 1941 the Local Affairs Section dis- appeared and a Planning Section was added, presumably assuming the functions of the fo mer. Each section is administered by a chief, who is responsible to the department heai for carrying out the affairs placed under his control. The Planning Section, formed in 1941 with the Chief of the Department as sebtion head, assumed the functions previously assigned to the Investigation Section of the secre- tariat. These were: 8 RESTRICTED Collection, examination, and compilation of all data resulting from investigations. Collection and coordination of all information. Exchange, presentation, and publicity of all data and information, i Compilation of statistics and reports. Census. Foreigners, issuance of passports, and related matters. Preparation of annual reports on the administration of the South Sea Islands. Schemes for the control and utilization of natural resources. Other matters subject to the special order of the Governor. following officials of Sonin rank devoted part of their time to the work of this sec- ’ ti bn: Onji Kanai, whose principal position was with the Overseas Ministry and who was also part-time assistant in the Department of Economic Development. Hatasu Kawano, also head of the Section of^ Communications of the Department of Eco- nomic Development and head of the Palau Airport. Isao Araki, also head of the Postal Affairs Section of the Department of Economic Development. Wataru Nakamura, whose principal position was with the Overseas Ministry and who also served as part-time assistant with the Postal Affairs Section of the Department of Economic Development. Haruhiko Tsuneyoshi, also head of the Marine Industry Section of the Department of Economic Development. ( ; Flanning Section presumably also absorbed the former Local Affairs Section of the rtment of Domestic Affairs. This section was headed in 1940 by Sanshio Asahara (So- , who was also a member of the Secretariat, and in 1939 it included six clerks of in rank, Sukekasa Fukugawa, Snigeru Hayashi, Hiroshi Handa, Toichiro Hasuka, Katsua a, and Toshiichi Yagi, and a school inspector, Seikichi Takahashi (Hannin), The func- is of the Local Affairs Section had been the following: Shrines. Local administration. Education. Religion. Social vyelfare work. Military matters. Meteorological observation. Land survey and registration. Investigation of native customs and usages. Office routine of the Department of Domestic Affairs, The Financial Affairs Section was administered in 1940 by Wataru. Nakamura (Sonin), who at that time Was also a member of the Secretariat. In 1941 he was replaced by Kiyo- matsd Aoki (Sonin). The assistant chief of the section in 1941 was Eiichiro Katakiri (Sonin). In 1939 the affairs of this section were handled by ten clerks of Hannin rank, Mika»a Narimoto, Kiyomatsu Aoki, Takejiro Matsuo, Shokichi Kato, Shigeo Watanabe, Kyoji IshiMa, Ichiryo Iwahori, Hiromi Tafuki, Takeo Nojima, and Hirosaburo Hishimuma. The. last mentioned clerk was employed only on part time by the Nanyo Cho ; his principle position was Mhat of clerk at the Bureau of Lighthouses in the Japanese Imperial Government. The functions of the Financial Affairs Section were as follows: Itudget, settled accounts, and fiscal administration. Hevenues other than taxes. v Clash payments and receipts, cjovemment cashiers. plroperty in government custody or trust, property accounts. Supervision of accounts. d'ffice buildings and official residences. j)\slministration and disposition of state property, frder and discipline in the Nanyo Cho. The Taxation Section was administered in 1940 by Kuniyasu Suzugi (Sonin). He was ced in this position by Kojiro Okawa (Sonin) in 1941. Assisting Okawa on part time Kotaro Sakakida (Sonin), who was also a member of the Postal Affairs Section of the repla were ! 9 RESTRICTED Department of Economic Development, and Kunio Mitsuyasu (Sonin). In 1939 the staff of the Taxation Section included six clerks of Hannin rank, Etsushi Nakao, Suru Hagino, Se Lgo Hagiwara, Masayoshi Yoshino, Toyoshige Fujiwara, and Kiichi Kunimi, and five assist ant experts of Hannin rank, Masyuki Kashiwagi, Utaro Tarumi, Taglafumi Akaishi, Masanari Is hi- wara, and Suyeo Marashige. The functions assigned to this '\sect ion were the following: Tax administration. Determination of Taxes. Collection of revenue. Tax accounts. The Police Affairs Section was headed in 1941 by Police Inspector Shigeru Ho: ago (Sonin). His predecessor in office had been Shigekazu Fujimoto (Sonin). This section included the following additional personnel in 1939: Tamotsu Fuji! (Sonin), head of the Nanyo Cho hospitals. Fumio Nakamura (Hannin), pharmacist and assistant to the head of the hospitals. Mamoru Nakajima (Hannin), police lieutenant. Takeshi Akizawa (Hannin), police lieutenant on part time, also serving as police lieu- tenant in the Kanakawa prefecture. j Jukeiko Wakatabi (Hannin), police lieutenant. i Osamu Himeno (Hannin), police lieutenant. j Yenki Terashima (Hannin), assistant police lieutenant, Kazuma Toyoda (Hannin), assistant police lieutenant. Takeshio Umayara (Hannin), assistant expert. tar- Orinosuke Kobayashi (Hannin), interpreter on part time, working also for the Secre iat . The functions of the Police Affairs Section were the following: Police personnel, their duties, promotions, pensions, and salaries. Passport control. Execution of sentences. Fire protection. Registration of residents and natives. Harbor administration and quarantine. Sanitation and medical matters. The Chief of the Public Works Section in 1940 and 1941 was Yukio Tafuki (Sonin). In 1940 he was also head of the Saipan Civil Engineering Station, but in 1941 he wan re- placed in that position by Masao Yasuda (Sonin). Assisting Tafuki were the following officials of Sonin rank: Tamotsu Fujii, surgeon, also head of the Palau Hospital. Ichio Sakurai, part-time expert, also head of the Agriculture and Forestry Section of the Department of Economic Development. Masao Yasuda, expert, also head of the Saipan Civil Engineering Station. Yasaburo Yamashita and Susumu Ishisuzuri, experts. The staff of the Public Works Section also included, in 1939* three clerks of Hanninjrank, Katsutaro Mukai, Shirika Hanari and Nagamasa Nakayama, and nine assistant experts olf Han- nin rank, Klhei Okada, Rishiro Tamura, Kaku Qigawa, Kiichi Omon, Masayuki Kamisaki, J Sen ji Yamaguohi, Takeo Ishibashi, Hikoichi Hagino, and Hitoshi Fushimi. The functions asjsigned to the Public Works Section were the following: ► Civil engineering .and repair work. Harbors, railways, rivers, embankments, roads, bridges, and channels. Surveys. Town planning. Reclamation of the foreshore. Construction and repair of tools and machinery. Industrial plants. 10 RESTRICTED ' i Department of Economic Development . The head of the Department of Economic Devel- opment (or Colonization) is appointed by the Governor and acts under the latter’s immedi- ate supervision. The position was held in 1941 by Takasuke Nakamura (Sonin), who was assisted on part time by Onji Kanai (Sonin), by Tatsunari Watanabe (Sonin), and by Hironae Yoshida (Sonin), member of the Bureau of Aviation in the Japanese Government, The Depart- ment has five subdivisions: the Agriculture and Forestry Section, the Commerce and In- dustry Section, the Marine Industry Section, the Communications Section, and the Postal Affairs Section. Each section is administered by a chief, who is responsible to the head of the department for administering the affairs placed under his control. The Agriculture and Forestry Section was headed in 1941 by Ichio Sakurai (Sonin), who replaced Yoichi Sugiura (Sonin) in that year. He was assisted by six experts of Sonin rank: Tateyoshi Tamura, Ichio Hikisaka, Saburo Yuda, Takeo Takayama, Susumu Mayeda, and Kametaro Otsubo. In 1939 the staff of the section also included three clerks of Hannin rank, Jiro Toge, Ichiro Arlgawa, and Ken,]:', Urayma, and eleven assistant experts of Hannin rank, Susumu Mayeda, Kametaro Otsubo, Hiteju Hiraishi, Takeshio Umayahara, Kanji Nakajima, Tamotsu Murakami, Yamanao Kabayama, Yuhei Endo, Atsushi Oniwa, Kemmei Takeohi, and Haohiro Okan. The functions assigned to this section were as follows: Agriculture, forestry, and stock farming. Immigration and lands for immigrants. Administration and disposal of lands and forests belonging to the government. Disposal of the products of government lands and forests. Copra inspection and plant inspection. Land utilization. Office routine of the Department of Economic Development. * / * y The Commerce and Industry Section in 1941 was under the direction of Kotaro Sa- kakida (Sonin) who was also head of the Products Museum. He was assisted by Keigo Harada (Sonin), who was a member of the Bureau of Savings in the Japanese Government, by Sukemasa Fukugawa (Sonin), by Takenao Kikuchi (Sonin), professor at the Hokkaido Imperial Univer- sity, and by Risaburo Tayama (Sonin), an expert at the Tropical Industries Institute. In 1939 the staff of the section also included four clerks of Hannin rank, Yusei Fukugawa, Sekio Yamasaki, Chiyota Inamasu, and Fumio Yoshida, and four assistant experts of Hannin rank, Seiichi Hattori, Hiroshi Sawada, Yasushi Yoshimoto, and Toru Toki. The functions assigned to this section were as follows: Commerce and industry. Currency and finance. Commercial taxes and customs duties. Industrial cooperative guilds. Eleotrical enterprises. Weights and measures. Supervision of the business operations of the Nanyo Takushoku Kaisha. Exhibitions and competitive shows. The Marine Industry Section was administered in 1941 by Haruhiko Tsuneyoshi (So- nin), who replaced Kaneto Tsukahara in that year. Employed in this section in 1939 were one clerk, Yoshii Ban (Hannin), and three assistant clerks of Hannin rank, Fukio Akaki, Kichiro Udagawa, and Fumiyu Muraki. The functions of this section were the following: Marine industry. Manufacture and disposal of marine products. Propagation and protection of marine animals and plants. Administration of fishing bases. Fishing vessels. ' Inspection of marine products. Marine industry cooperative guilds and other organizations. Investigations concerning marine industry. The Communications Section was headed in 1940 and 1941 by Hatasu Kawano (Sonin), who was also the head of the Palau Airport. Assisting him were Sasaichl Takejima (Sonin), head of the Saipan Airport, Fujlsuke Tomida (Sonin), a member of the Bureau of Light- houses in the Japanese Government, and two experts of Sonin rank, Choko Ihara and Klyolchi Arai. In 1939 the section also included the following personnel: Harusato Iwasaki (Hanjiin), clerk. Hisasuke Tanno (Hannin), clerk and assistant expert. Sekijiro Tashiro (Hannin), assistant clerk. 11 RESTRICTED Sasaichi Takejima, Shizuka Takeuchi, Ryoji Goto, and Jun Ishigawa, all assistant experts, Jitsuhei Mochida (Hannin), assistant sign expert. The functions assigned to the Communications Section were the following: Aerial navigation. , Ocean routes. Ships. Aids to navigation. Hydrographical data and notices. 4 The Postal Affairs Section was administered in 1940 and 1941 by Isao Araki. /The personnel of the section included three members of Sonin rank: Takao Yakore, who was a member of the Department of Postal Affairs in Tokyo, Tatsunari Watanabe, who was a member of the Insurance Bureau of the Imperial Government, and tfataru Nakamura, a member of the Planning Section of the Department of Domestic Affairs. In 1939 the staff of the section also included the following: Jumbei Kanako (Hannin), clerk. Ommichi Manabe, Hikosaku Sasaki, Mitsuo Oya, and Masatoshi Nonaka, part-time clerks of Hannin rank, regularly employed at the Department of Postal Affairs of the Im- perial Government. Isao Maruo (Hannin), part-time clerk, regularly employed at the Savings Bureau of the Imperial Government. Kiyoichi Niiori, Ichkei Matsukuma, Naohite Iwawaki, Shunkichi Ichimura, Kosho Arisaka, Kotaro Ryu, Sosaemon Hasekawa, and Genzo Yokoda, all of Hannin rank, communications clerks. Junichi Oyama (Hannin), part-time communications clerk. Hiroshi Nagada (Hannin), assistant communications expert. Satao Yoshida, Masayuki Masai, Toku Shirado, and Takeo Fukuda, part-time assistant clerks. The following functions were assigned to the Postal Affairs Section: Mails, postal money orders, and postal savings. Petty insurance and postal annuities. Telegraph, telephone, and radio. of Hannin rank, RESTRICTED , 3. SUBORDINATE INSTITUTIONS Products Museum. Ttie Products Museum, situated at Koror, Palau, exhibits speci- mens of various products of the mandated islands and articles of geographical, historical, and scientific interest. It also functions as an organization for finding markets for local products. The head of the museum is responsible directly to the Governor of the Nanyo Cho. In 1941 this position was held by Kotaro Sakakida (Sonin), who was also Chief of the Commerce and Industry Section of the Department of Economic Development. Assisting at the museum in 1939, on part time, were three other members of the Commerce and Industry Section, all of Hannin rank, namely Yusei Fukugawa, Fumio Yoshida, and Yasushi Yoshimota. In addition, two assistant experts at the Tropical Industries Experiment Station, Shin- kichi Taniguchi and Kanji Nakajima, both of Hannin rank, were employed part time at the museum. Saipan Civil Engineering Station. A Civil Engineering Station, sometimes called the Saipan Harbor Office, was established at Saipan by the Nanyo Cho, primarily for the purpose of improving harbor and port facilities. In 1941 the head of the station, who is responsible directly to the Governor, was Masa.o Yasuda (Sonin), who replaced Yukio Tafuki (Sonin) in that year. The following officials of Hannin rank were on the staff of the station in 1939: one clerk, Shitaro Suto, and four assistant experts, Yam Sato, Matsutaro Yoshii, Hatsukichi Kuroiwa, and Gunji Sonobe. Tropical Industries Re search Institute . In 1936, the Industrial Experimental Sta- tion was abolished, and -in its place a larger and more fully equipped government institu- tion, the Tropical Industries Research Institute, was established in Palau with branches at Saipan and Ponape. The Institute carries on experiments in agriculture, animal hus- bandry, forestry, and mining, and provides instruction in these subjects to selected stu- dents. In 1941. the head of the Institute, responsible directly to the Governor, was „ Ampei* Ashizawa (Sonin)'. The staff included the following persons: Risaburo Tayama (Sonin), expert, also employed as part-time expert in the Commerce and Industry Section of the Department of Economic Development. Tamotsu Aizawa (Sonin) and Raiichi Makoshi (Sonin), experts, Moritaro Hoshino (Sonin), head of the Ponape branch station. “ Ichiro Yamanaka (Sonin), head of the Saipan branch station. In addition to the above, there were on the staff in 1939 the following persons of Hannin rank : Shigeru Matsui, clerk. Shikichi Taniguchi, Tsuyoshi Yoshino, Kiyoshi Asano, Datero Endo, Tatsuji Yoshida, and Noboru Kitamura, assistant experts. Hiroshi Sawada, assistant expert, also employed as assistant expert in the Commerce and Industry Section of the Department of Econpmio Develdpment. Kanji Nakajima, assistant expert, also employed as part-time expert in the Products * - Museum and in the Agriculture and Forestry Section of the Department of Economic Development. Ichio Ekawa, assistant expert at the Ponape branch station. Kenji Ishigawa and Kahichi Ichiyanagi, assistant experts at the Saipan branch station. Marine Products E xperiment Station . In 1931 a Marine Products Experiment Station was established at Koror to conduct investigations of fishing, the artificial hatching of fish, the manufacture of marine products, and oceanographical problems. In 1941 the head of the station, responsible directly to the Governor of the Nanyo Cho, was Kiyoshi Oka- jima (Sonin). He was assisted by Yoshioro Tomo (Sonin). In 1939 the following officials' of Hannin rank were on the staff of the station: one clerk, Chu Hirogawa, and five as- sistant experts, Yoshiko Shiraishi, Yoshiko Inanami, Tanzo Nishizawa, Nagao Azano, and Naoshi Kobayashi. , Meteorological Observatory. In 1922 a Meteorological Observatory was established by the South Seas Government at Koror to engage in the observation and investigation of meteorological phenomena, tides, earthquakes, terrestrial magnetism, and atmospheric cur- rents. Since its establishment a number of detached observatories and weather stations have been added to the organization. The detached observatories are at Colony (Ponape), ♦ Dub Ion (Truk), Jabor (Jaluit), Kusaie, and Yap; the weather stations are at Pagan in the 13 RESTRICTED Saipan district, Tobi in the Palau district, Ulithi and Woleai in the Yap District, Eni- wetok and Kusaie in the Ponape district, and Wotje in the Jaluit district. The members of the Observatory staff occupy positions in the detached stations for temporary periods. All information is relayed from these outlying stations to the Observatory at Koror. In 1941 the head of the Observatory was Yoshifu Sugawara (Sonin), who replaced Hiteo Kawasaki (Sonin) in that year. Sugawara was assisted by Tatsuo Iwasaki and Kane- fumi Uyei. both experts of Sonin rank. The staff consisted in 1939 of one clerk, Tatsu Fujimoto (Hannin), and seventeen assistant experts of Hannin rank, Tsuneji Shinto, Tos- hiji Ozaki, Takeo Shinozaki, Tsukasa Haraaa, Yoshio Ishihara, Mori Sone, Yoshiharu Kanako, Saniohi Hashimoto, Satayoshi Naito, Ichio Sakai, Tamotau Murakami, Naoji Utsuki, Hiroshi Izumi, Yoshisaku Yamamoto, Minoru Fujizawa, Shirushi Watabe, and Susumu Yanagawa. Courts of Justice . The judicial organization of the mandated islands is not sub- ject to any department but falls directly under the supervision of the Governor of the Nanyo Cho. It consists of three Local Courts of one judge each, located at Koror, Saipan, and Ponape, and of an Appellate Court at Koror composed of the three judges of the Local Courts. The judge of the Local Court at Koror acts as chief justice of the Appellate Court. The personnel of these Courts of Justice in 1941 was as follows: Takeshi Nakamura (Sonin), judge of the Local Court at Koror. Taro Yanagida (Sonin), judge of the Local Court at Saipan. Keizo Omori (Sonin), judge of the Local Court at Ponape. Masayuki Esaki (Sonin rank but treated as Chokunin), public prosecutor for both the Appellate Court and the Local Courts at Koror and Ponape; his superiority in rank to the judges strongly suggests a dominant influence over them, in accordance with the implications of the Japanese system of rank. Hiroe Yoshinago (Sonin), public prosecutor at the Saipan Local Court. In addition to judges and prosecutor the following officials of Hannin rank were attached to the Courts of Justice in 1939: Tokuju Moriya and Jitsuzu Ono, clerks at the Appellate Court and the Palau Local Court. Kumao Matsuo and Kiyosuke Mano, clerks at the Saipan Local Court. Takehiki Honda, clerk at the Ponape Local Court. Hospitals . The Nanyo Cho maintains hospitals at Palau, Angaur, Yap, Saipan, Truk, Jaluit, and Ponape, the last with a branch dispensary at Kusaie. Each hospital is in charge of a surgeon. The head of the Palau Hospital has supervisory authority over the entire hospital organization, and is directly responsible to the Governor. This position was filled in 1941 by Tamotsu Fujii .(Sonin), who had headed the Ponape Hospital in 1939 and who replaced Kanae Iseki (Sonin) in 1940. At the Palau Hospital the head surgeon was assisted by three physicians of Sonin rank, Muneo Samejima, Ichinari Sonoda, and Shosuki Iida. In 1939 the staff also included two doctors, Hiteo Uyeda (Hannin) and Jinko Takeuchi (Hannin), a clerk, Sueyoshi Nakahara (Hannin), and a pharmacist, Fumio Nakamura (Hannin), who was also a member of the Police Affairs Section of the Department of Domestic Affairs. The Angaur Hospital was headed in 1941 by Kakyudo Nishikawa (Sonin), who replaced Ichinari Sonoda (Sonin) in this post. In 1939, Nijuo Irie (Hannin) served as both pharma- cist and clerk. The head of the Yap Hospital in 1941 was Soei Kuwahara (Sonin), who succeeded Noboru Okaya (Sonin), in that year. The officials of Hannin rank on the staff in 1939 were Masanori Tamanaka, a doctor, Shigeo Nakamura, a part-time doctor, Sinji Nakazawa, a pharmacist, and Setsuichi Okawa, a part-time clerk. The Saipan Hospital was administered in 1941 by Kyozo Nagasaki (Sonin), who re- placed Hiteasa Fujii (Sonin). He was assisted by a physician, Shunsaku Akima (Sonin), In 1939 the hospital also employed three doctors of Hannin rank, Satayoshi Ike, Ko Okano, and Shinsho Kunikichi, a pharmacist, Yoju Gasahara (Hannin), and a clerk, Yakara Karino (Hannin) . The Truk Hospital was headed in 1941 by Obikumo Murata (Sonin), who replaced Kak- yudo Nishikawa (Sonin) in that year. Murata is regarded by the Japanese as a fine surgeon; he is married to a graduate of Kobe College and has two children, a girl of about 13 and a boy of about 11 years of age. In 1939 three officials of Hannin rank completed the RESTRICTED staff: Kakuto Nishikawa, a doctor, Rokusaburo Amakase, a doctor, and Yoshio Sbiobida, a pharmacist. , The head of the Jaluit Hospital in 1941 was Shohei Yoshida (Sonin), who replaced Obikumo Murata (Sonin). The staff in 1939 included three doctors, Muneo Samejima, Take- yuki Suzuki, and Ichinari Sonoda, all of Hannin rank. Suzuki, who is about 40 years old, is highly regarded as an ear, nose, and throat specialist. Sonoda was raised to Sonin rank in 1941 and stationed at the Palau Hospital. The pharmacist at -the Jaluit Hospital in 1939 was Tsutomu Kamei , (Hannin). The Ponape Hospital was headed in 1941 by Noboru Okaya (Sonin), replacing K^ozo Nagasaki (Sonin), who was transferred in that year to the Saipan Hospital. In 1939 the staff included the following officials of Hannin rank: Shohei Yoshida, a doctor, Jiryo Hirai, a pharmacist, and Setsuji Matsumoto, a clerk. Gengo Mayezama, who was stationed at the branch dispensary at Kusaie in 1939» was raised to Sonin rank in 1941 and attached to the Ponape Hospital as assisting physician. Post Off ices . The South Seas Government has established post offioes at Palau, .Angaur, Yap, Saipan, Truk, Ponape, Jaluit, and Tinian, and special post offioes at Rota, Kusaie, and Pais. Each post office and special post office is headed by a postmaster. The postmaster of the Saipan Post Office serves as the administrative head of the entire postal organization in the Nanyo Gho, and reports directly to the Governor. In addition to the postmaster, each post offioe is staffed according to needs with communications clerks, assistant communications experts, and assistant communications olerks. In 1941 all were of Hannin rank except Teiji Nakane, postmaster at Saipan, and Shumbei Kaneko, postmaster at Palau, who enjoyed Sonin status. A list of the post office officials for 1939 ia given below, Saipan Post Office Kiji Ishibashi, communications clerk. Muneichi Katsuki, communications clerk. Keijo Kusuda, communications clerk. Morihito Mine, communications clerk. Naojl Takamoto, communications clerk. Minoru Umashima, communications clerk. Genzo Hiramatsu, assistant communications expert. Tatsuui Homma, assistant communications expert. Tomisaburo Sate, assistant communications expert. Genji Tanaka, assistant communications expert. Setsuo Adachi, assistant communications* olerk. Kenji Ando, assistant communications clerk. Masamizu Furuhama, assistant communications clerk. Hikoji Muto, assistant communications clerk, Masago Nagayama, assistant communications clerk. Kohei Sugiura, assistant communications clerk. Tomlo Takeda, assistant communications clerk. Eizo Uchimura, assistant communications clerk. Tsuyoji Yamashita, assistant communications clerk. Satao Yoshida, assistant communications clerk. Tinian Post Office Yaichi Koga, postmaster. Hajimu Nakahara, communications clerk. Masaichi Tani, communications clerk. Genzo Hiramatsu, assistant communications expert. Kaoru Morioka, assistant communications expert. P 3 I. 3 U Post Of f i os Yoshiichi Morisata, postmaster, replaced by Shumbei Kaneko (Sonin) in 1941. Kensaburo Goto, communications clerk. Kilcuo Ito, communications clerk. Teiji Ito, com m unications clerk. Ryu Kobayashi, communications clerk. Takeshi Kokaneya, communications clerk.. Ryuchiyo Musira, communications clerk. Shosho Nanjo, communications clerk. Junichi Oyama, communications clerk. Seisei Takeshige, communications clerk. Fujisaku Wakatsuki, communications clerk. Bunji Yahori, communications clerk. 15 RESTRICTED Genzo Yokoda, communications clerk. Naruzo Yoshida, communications clerk. Yoshiro Honda, assistant communications expert. Hiroshi Nagada, assistant communications expert. , Kiyoshi Shitagawa, assistant communications expert. Shichizo Tsunoda, assistant communications expert. Takeo Fukuda, assistant communications clerk. Hisao Abe, assistant communications clerk. Tashiri Kuboda, assistant communications clerk. Fumio Machiya, assistant communications clerk. Koji Okamoto, assistant cbmmunications clerk. Keiji Oyabu, assistant communications clerk. Takaiehi Sekioka, assistant communications clerk. Toku Shirato, assistant communications clerk. Yasumori Takishi. assistant communications clerk. Shuichiro Tamamoto, assistant communications clerk. Ryonoshin Toushi, assistant communications clerk. Kiyoshi Uchida, assistant communications clerk. Kyuro Yaki, assistant communications clerk. Yasumori Yakishi, assistant communications clerk. Shuichiro Yamamoto, assistant communications clerk. Angaur Post Offioe Yoshimatsu Motosaka, postmaster. Taikichi Bogetsu, communications clerk. Hisayoshi Tanaka, assistant communications clerk. Yap Post Office Ryokichi Imae, postmaster. Iwao Hirada, communi cat ions clerk. Asahite Iju, communications clerk. Tatsuo Kitamura, communications clerk. Kyoichi Sakamoto, communications clerk. Shlnzo Wakabayashi, communications clerk. Kurata Yano, communications clerk. Hajimu Ito, assistant communications expert. Kurata Yano, assistant communications expert on part time. Sho Haginoya, assistant communications clerk. Yoneichi Hxrose, assistant communications clerk. Sanjuro Okubo, assistant communications clerk. Yoshio Taniguchi, assistant communications clerk. Truk Post Office Teiji Fukunaga, postmaster. Benichi Iguchi, communications clerk. Kyuhachi Hatsusaka, communications clerk. Yoshio Okawa, communications clerk. Takeo Ono, communications clerk. Ryozo Hiramatsu, assistant communications expert. Kaho Kitabatake, assistant communications expert. Shigeo Hairida, assistant communications clerk. Toyomi Oi, assistant communications clerk. Kazuo Saski, assistant communications clerk. Goro Tomoto, assistant communications clerk* Ponape Post Offioe Mochita Sakiyama, postmaster. Umejiro Adachi, commimications clerk. Satao Ito, communications clerk. Mashi Kaneko, communications clerk. Ryuhei Arai, assistant communications expert. Hojiro Nakamura, assistant communications expert. Nobuji Itakaki, assistant communications clerk. Yoshizo Namakura, assistant communications clerk. Daitaro Seo, assistant communications clerk. Jaluit Post Office Ichima liori, postmaster. Masafumi Miyoshi, communications clerk. Kiyozo Nemoto. commimications clerk. Takeshi Namajima, assistant communications expert. Takanosuke Ozawa, assistant commimications expert* 16 RESTRICTED Special Post Offices Narimoto Shoji, postmaster at Rota. Shigetaro Hirano, Postmaster at Kusaie. Shoken kamimiya, postmaster at Fais. Schools . The South Seas Government has established elementary schools for Japan- ese children and public schools for native children in all of the six administrative dis- tricts. In addition, there are a few high schools, vocational schools, and kindergartens. All educational institutions are under the direction of the Governor of the Nanyo Cho, who determines the curricula and appoints the teachers. The principal of each school is required to make out a report at least once a year and submit it in triplicate to the of- ficial in the office of the Branch Government who handles educational matters in the dis- trict. This official retains one copy for the files of the Branch Governor and transmits the others to the office of the Governor at Koror; the latter keeps the second copy and forwards the third to Japan. The schools which are staffed with persons of Hannin rank or higher are listed below with their personnel as reported in 1939. Unless otherwise noted, all officials are male and of Hannin rank. Saipan Vocational School Minoro Tamura, principal, of Sonin rank. Shunji Horiuchi, instructor. Motoji Kimura, instructor. Saiichi Manako, instructor. Banuemon Mayeda, instructor. Gakuji Nunokawa, instructor. Koji Tashima, instructor. Ban Uchida, instructor. Konosuke Tomoda, clerk. Saipan High School for Girls. Sansenhyaku Ninomiya, principal, of Sonin rank. Minoru Iyenaga, instructor. Isao Yamamoto, instructor. Saku Nakamura, instructor, female. Noheko Sugiura, instructor, female. Sue Shitamura, part time instructor, female. Saipan Advanced Elementary School : . Samotsu Murada, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Kiyokuni Abe, teacher. Terufusa Aoki, teacher. Saburo Fukahori, teacher. Kakuji Fukuzawa, teacher. Akira Hatakeyama, teacher. Hiteo Inaba, teacher. Shunichiro Kaya, teacher, gakae Makida, teacher. Shigeru Masuda, teacher. Takeo Nagada, teacher. Shunkichi Nishigori, teacher. Takeo Ohashi, teacher. Ko Uhira, teacher. Chokichi Okoshi, teacher. Toraji Sashimura, teacher. Kiyoshi Sato, teacher. Rinjiro Sugida, teacher. Hat sushi Tachiki, teacher. Fumihiko Tarumi, teacher. Jio Toida, teacher. Isamu Yaka, teacher. Seio Yamashita, teacher. Shizuko Ishida, teacher, female. Makino Nakamura, teacher, female. Sue Shitamura, teacher, female, also employed as part-time instructor at Saipan High School for Girls. Matansha Advanced Elementary School (Saipan Island) Nentaro Higashi, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Isao Betsufu, teacher. Takeji Fukuyama, teacher. 17 RESTRICTED Keizo Kotake, teacher. Kotaro Matsuse, teacher. Iohiri Sarai, teacher. Chiyo Yamaahita, teacher, female. Aaurito Advanced Elementary School {Saipan Ialand) Seihachi Nakagawa, principal, treated aa of Sonin rank. Eitaro E8hiri, teacher. Kako Fujimaki, teacher. Kanji Miyakawa, teacher. Riji Ota, teacher. Shigehiaa Sahaku, teacher. Maaayoshi Suzugi, teacher. Yuruko Kaida, teacher, femaJ.e. Chatcha Advanced Elementary School (Saipan Ialand) Tomonari Takatauka, principal, treated aa of Sonin rank. Ryohei Hamba, Teacher. Nagamune Iahihara, teacher. Yoahihei Karino, teacher. Sinahei Kunikichi, teacher. Kiemon Miwa, teacher. Toahihete Omura, teacher. Shegeyo8hi Suganuma, teacher. Tomi Matauki, teaoher, female. Charankanoa Advanoed Elementary School (Saipan Ialand) Gorokuro Tominaga, principal, treated aa of Sonin rank. Hatauko Aoki, teaoher. Sachlo Ito, teacher. Rihiko Kimotauki, teacher. Jin Kiyomizu, teacher. Maaao Kiyomizu, teacher. Keniohi Minami, teaoher. Shiro Saito, teaoher. Shungo Tauge, teacher. Tinian Advanced Elementary School Muneauke Sugahara, principal. Nagazo Akaahi, teacher. Keijiro Fukazawa, teaoher. Oryu Hirotau, teacher. Kiyo8hi Maruyama, teacher. Geki Oya, teacher. Mikio Saito, teacher. Tairyo Shimada, teacher. Hiroahi Sonobe, teacher. Naganobu Takeuchi, teacher. Asafumi Watahiyama, teacher. Kahi Advanoed Elementary School (Tinian Ialand) Tetauaaburo Kit a, principal. Maaaji Harada, teacher. Kenmori Matauahita, teacher. Nobugo Nagahaahi, teacher. Makoto Hegoro, teacher. Itauro Shibata, teacher. Maaahachi Takehara, teacher. Nagakyo Taujino,- teaoher. Harupo Advanced Elementary School (Tinian Ialand) Tozo Yoshida, principal. Maaao Noda, teacher. Tomoemon Nemoto, teaoher. < Takaahi Wakatauki, teacher. Shigeru Shitauka, teacher. Ken Oda, teacher. Kamematau Taguchi, teacher. * Yikiko Tomihaga, teacher, female. 18 RESTRICTED Churo Advanced Elementary School (Tinian Island) likiohi Itagura, principal. Shigeji Yauchl, teacher. Tadao Kimura, teacher. Masayoshi Teraya, teacher. Katsuo Sugihara, teacher. Uashiniu Itsuchi, teacher. Masako Salto, teacher, female. Rota . Advanced Elementary Sohool Saburo Takaki, principal. Mitsara Aigawa, teacher. Masao Aojima, teacher. Yoshio Iwashiro, teacher. Saburo Katayama, teaoher. Takeo Okada, teaoher. Jibito Onoda, teacher. Kats\iyaki Soyama, teacher. Taruga Advanced Elementary School Masaji Harada, teaoher. Shigo Katono, teaoher. Katsutaro Kawajlma, teaoher. k Raiohu Kobayashi, teacher. Tsunezo Mitsuya Shinaparu Elementary Sohool (Rota Island) Suetaro Fukujima, principal. 4 Nobuji Ikeda, teacher. Kintaro Okada, teaoher. Shigeru Shitsuka, teaoher. Saipan Public School Shohei Koyamada, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Hiteo Fukaya, teacher. f, Shuniohi Hiramoto, teacher. Tetsuryo Kanako, teacher. Hiroshi Tanaka, teacher. Nobuo Yahata, teacher. Haruko Sakida, teacher, female. Rota Public School Hatsuro Kikuchi, principal. Palau High Sohool for Girls Masakichi Takahashi, principal, of Sonin rank. Palau Advanoed Elementary School Tokiji Yamamoto, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. - Hajimu Fukutoku, teaoher. Tadahiko Furugawa, teacher. Yoshio Hiramatsu, teaoher. Osamu Ishisaka, teacher. - Sueko Murukawa, teaoher. Kiyoshi Nakahashi, teacher. Muneichi Nakayama, teacher. Chojiro Oshiro, teacher. Kisaku Takeuchi, teacher. Hitenobu Tanaka, teacher. Maseru Yoshimura, teacher. Nakazo Yokoo, teacher. Hiteko Nakamatsu, teacher, female. Hide Omishi, teacher, female. Angaur Elementary School Kyogo Ushiku, principal. Seiroku Nagai, part-time teacher. Ahahi Elementary Sohool (Babelthuap Island) Maseru Tanaka, principal. > Ryojiro Asami, teacher. 19 RESTRICTED Seisui Elementary School (Babelthuap Island) Juntaro Oigawa, principal. Tsuyoshi Goto, teacher. Suiho Elementary School (Babelthuap Island) Yosankichi Sakaguchi, principal. Naohisa Ukai, teacher. Peleliu Elementary School Ko Yoshioka, principal. Masaru Yoshimura, teacher. Koror Public School (with Apprentice Woodworkers School) Tatsumi Nomoto, principal, treated as of Sonin rank Sennosuke Kamada, teacher. Toshiro Nakamaru, teaoher. Kentaro Hirai, teacher. Yoshimizu Yoshino, teacher. Yasutaro Kokusu, teacher. Marukyoku Public School (Babelthuap Island) Kosei Mori, principal. Shizuo Kohara, teacher. Peleliu Public School Tsuremasa Cho, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Sennosuke Kamada, part-time teacher. Anga.ur Public School Kaku Kuki, principal. Seiroku Nagai, teacher. Yap Elementary School Hatasu Kuki, principal and teacher. Maki Public School (Yap Island) Toyoshi Fujimori, principal. Toyoshi Nishimura, teaoher. Katsuo Shimoto, teacher. Nifu Public School (Yap Island) Hisamitsu Yamata, principal. Yap Public School Atsumu Fuji, principal. Yoshio Miyajima, teacher. Satoshi Nomura, teacher. Truk Elementary School (Dublon Island) Hoji Togashi, principal. Zensaku Iwasaki, teacher. Muneo Matsumoto, teacher. Tol Elementary School Shumbei Sato, principal. Toshiyoshi Ariyoshl, teacher. Dublon Public School Kizo Ina, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Zensaku Iwasaki, teacher, also teacher at Truk elementary School. Naka Yamasaki, teacher. Tol Public School Shumbei Sato, principal, also principal of Tol Elementary School. Icho Furuichi, teaoher. Moen Public School Tsutomu Yokoyama, principal. Tadayoshi Watanabe, teacher. Fefap Public School Kasazo Watanabe, principal. Uman Public School \ Hirasaburo Tsuchii, principal. 20 RESTRICTED Udot Public School Seieki Takino, principal. Ichio Furuichi, teacher. Mortlock Public Sohool (Nomoi Islands) Keiji Murada, principal. Ichio Furuichi, part-time teacher, also teacher at Udot Public School, Zensaku Iwasaki, part-time teacher, also teacher at Dublon Public School. Ponape Advanced Elementary School Sakuma Sato, principal. Tetsuzo lida, teacher. Kiyotoshi Ikeda, teacher. Toshio Imaizumi, teacher. Toshiro Sakamoto, teacher. Sawa Haniu, teacher, female. Shigehiko Ibaraki, part-time teacher. Matalanim Elementary School (Ponape Island) Ryohei Sakamoto, principal, Haruhiko Tsunida, teacher. Shunrai Elementary School (Ponape Island) Yoshisata Sankaku, principal. Colony Public School (Ponape Island) Tsuremasa Cho, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Mitsuo Futagawa, teacher. Sho Hanshima, teacher. Shoichi Miura, teacher. Kiti Public School (Ponape Island) Setsuzo Chashi, principal. Iwasuke Yamashita, teacher. Matalanim Public School (Ponape Island) Tokutaro Aigawa, principal. Junichl Tanaka, teacher. U Public School (Ponape Island) Ohei Itaya, principal. Kljuro Yanamatsu, teacher. ' _ Junichl Tanaka, part-time teacher, also teacher at Matalanim Public School. Kusaie Public School Shoichiro Nishimura, principal. Shigahiko Ibaraki, teacher. Jaluit Elementary School Toru Miyao, principal. Takehiko Kitahara, part-time teacher. Jabor Public School (Jaluit Island) Masayoshi Kasatera, principal, treated as of Sonin rank. Kiyoshi Iwabe, teacher. Korimasa Kanashiro, teacher. ' , Takehiko Kitahara, teacher, also part-time teacher at Jaluit Elementary School, Ebon Public School Yuhei Takano, principal. Kwajalein Public School Honjiro Iwashlro, principal. Wotje Public School Masaml Yoshida, principal, Ko Matsumoto, teacher. N i National Shrine. In 19U a South Seas National Shrine was established, presumably at Koror" tfakeo Miyaohi (Sonin) was ai to the shrine as Chief Priest. K : ' I ' V l 1 1- ' f> 21 JALUIT BRANCH GOVERNMENT-!^! RESTRICTED 22 RESTRICTED 4. BRANCH GOVERNMENTS Branch Government Organization . During the period from 1922 to 1943 the South Seas Government maintained Branch Governments (or Branch Bureaus ) in each of the six ad- ministrative districts of Saipan, Palau, Yap, Truk, Ponape, and Jaluit. On November 5, 1943, the number of administrative districts was reduced to three: a northern area with headquarters at Saipan, a southern area with headquarters at Truk, and a western area with headquarters at Palau. It is probable that the districts of Ponape and Jaluit were merged with the Truk district to form a single administrative unit, and the Yap district was probably incorporated with that of Palau, These changes may well have been dictated by naval rather than civil considerations, as is suggested by the appointment at the same time of a vice admiral to the post of Governor of the Nanyo Cho. Since the details of administration and personnel are not available for the new organization, information is given below for the Branch Governments as they were organized in 1941. Each Branch Government has an executive, the administrative head of the distriot, who is appointed by the Governor of the Nanyo Cho. This official, the Branch Governor, is responsible to the Governor for the execution of all laws and regulations and for the conduct of all administrative matters within his district. He is authorized to arbitrate disputes and to pass summary judgment with regard to certain offenses. With respect to the detection of offenders, as a judicial police officer he has the same power as the public prosecutor at a local court. The Branch Governor is empowered, either ex officio or by special authorization, to issue Branch Government orders. He is not permitted, how- ever, to attach thereto any penal clauses. According to administrative blueprints, the Branch Governments in Saipan, Palau, and Ponape are organized into four sections: a Local Affairs Seotion, a Financial Affairs Section, an Economic Development (or Colonization) Section, and a Police Affairs Section. The Branch Governments in Truk, Yap, and Jaluit, however, have but three sections, the Local Affairs Section assuming the functions handled separately elsewhere by the Economic Development Section. Each section is technically under the management of a chief, ap- ' pointed by the Branch Governor. The functions assigned to the various sections are as follows: Local Affairs Section Confidential and personnel matters. Custody of official seals. Receipt, dispatch, compilation^ and preservation of documents. Proclamations, Local administration. Educational and military matters. Social welfare work. Religious affairs. Census and statistics. Investigation of natural resources. Mediation in civil cases, notorial acts, etc. Night duty. Matters not in charge of other sections. Financial Affairs Section Annual revenues and expenditures, and estimates and settled accounts thereof. Cash not dealt with under annual revenues and expenditures. Imposition and collection of taxes. Offenses concerned with indirect duties. Certification of tax payments. Inventories. Matters relating to government property. . Public works, construction, and repairs. Payment of employees. Maintenance of order and discipline in the Branch Government. Economic Development Section Agriculture, forestry, stock- farming, mining, and marine industries. Immigration and settlement. Commerce and industry. Currency and' finance. Inspection of copra and plantations. Cooperative guilds and other industrial organizations. Exhibitions and competitive shows. Electric enterprises. Weights and measures. 23 RESTRICTED Police Affairs Section Police affairs in general. Distribution, duties, appointment, and dismissal of native and Japanese policemen Hunting. Lost articles, flotsam and jetsam, and buried property. Passports. Trials. Execution of sentences. Sanitation and public health. Harbor administration and quarantine. Census registration. In actual practice the formal organization of the Branch Governments into seotions serves mainly as a guide to the functions to be performed. At the level of administrative development required by the affairs of the Branch Governments it appears to have proved unnecessary to set up actual sections, and the various functions are assigned, instead, to individual officials. # * Police affairs furnish an example. In each Branoh Government police matters are handled in practice by a police lieutenant, who is assisted usually by one or more as- sistant polios lieutenants. The police force of each administrative district consists, in addition, of a number of Japanese policempn and native oonstables appointed by the Branch Governor, who submits a report of his selections to the Governor of the Nanyo Cho.' Salaries, as reported in 1936, averaged about ¥ 500 for Japanese policemen and about ¥ 375 for native constables. Native policemen are recruited on the basis of a physical and a mental examination, the latter being omitted in the case of applicants who have completed a public school course. The Branch Governor is authorized, with the approval of the Gov- ernor of the Nanyo Cho, to determine fixed beats in his distriot and to establish sub- stations. As in all similar oases, the Police Affairs Section of the Department of Do- mestic Affairs of the South Seas Goveriyaent exercises no direct control over police affairs in the several Branch Governments. Recommendations emanating from the former go to the Governor, who may incorporate them in instructions and transmit them by way of the Branoh Governor. Reports follow the same official ohannels in the reverse direction. In accordance with the standard provisions of the South ?eas Government relative to local administration, each Branch Government appoints native local officials of two grades, namely, ''village chiefs" and "village headmen." In the Saipan district, where the native officials are selected from among the Chamorro tribe, village chiefs are called kuoho (district head) and village headmen, joyaku (assistant official). Elsewhere the corresponding terms are so son cho (general village head) and son oho (village head). In some instances these appointments have been made with little reference to pre-existing native political institutions. Village chiefs are responsible to the Branch Governor of the district to which they belong, and in theory they are subjeot to supervision from the General Affairs Sec- tion of the Branch Government. A village chief nominally supervises the activities of the village headmen in the district assigned to him, but in actuality a real distinction seldom exists in the functions or authority of the two classes of native officials and the sphere of influence of a village chief rarely extends beyond the village at which he is. stationed. The designated functions of village chiefs, and presumably of village head- men as well, are to notify the members of their respective communities of all the laws, regulations, and instructions that pertain to them, to forward to the higher authorities all applications, reports, and other communications originating in the local area, to col- lect poll taxes and similar levies, to report epidemics and other unusual events, and to submit a semi-annual report on local conditions. Each native offiolal may have a village policeman and a village secretary to assist him. Such persons, however, are not in gov- ernment employ, and they are paid by the village chiefs and headmen opt of the modest al- lowances which the latte^ receive from the government. Saipan Branch Government . The Saipan Branch Government has jurisdiction over the Japanese Marianas Islands, and presumably over Guam as well. The Branch Governor in 1939 was Shigeichi Fujlmoto (Sonin), who was also head of the Saipan Airport. In 1940, h© was succeeded in both positions by Yusaburo Yamaguchi (Sonin). In 1941, Sasaichi Takejima, a member of the Communications Section in the Department of Economic Development, was made head of the Saipan Airport. The staff of the Saipan Branch Government Office in 1939 in- cluded the following persons of Hannin rank: Fukumitsu Asahi, police lieutenant. Seikei Hatake, Masatane Kimura, and Iyao Yasuda, assistant police lieutenants. 24 RESTRICTED Satayoshi Ike, Shinsei Kunikichi, and Ko Okano, part-time assistant experts, also doc- tors at the Saipan Hospital. Yoju Kasahara, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Saipan Hospital. Seishichi Ito, Koo Uyeno, Shusaku Matsuda, Takeo Sano, Maru Yuki, Toyo Kanako, Ryoichi Mukai, Keiko Takasato, Teishu Ibara, Yoshio Obiya, and Tsukasa Takaichi, clerks. Kenzo Ikebe, Raizo Takamatsu, Yoshio Aoki, Seiichi Itagura, Takeichi Furuzawa, Ken Ni- shi, and. Rikizo Kamibune, assistant experts. Matsutaro Yoshii, assistant expert on part time, also assistant expert at the Saipan Civil Engineering Station. Ryoji Goto, part-time assistant expert. Tomisaburo Sato, part-time assistant expert and part-time communications expert. Kanesuke Matsuno, assistant sign expert. ' Detached offices of the Saipan Branch Government have been established at Rota and Tinian. Each of these offices is administered by an executive clerk, who is directly responsible to the Branch Governor at Saipan for the administration of the sub-district. The officials of Hannin rank at the Rota detached office in 1939 were: Shikiohi Kanai, executive clerk and part-time police lieutenant. Kusuo Nishida and Yoshio Obiya, olerks. Masuo Hara, police lieutenant. Santaro Matsumoto, assistant expert. The officials of Hannin rank at the Tinian detached office in 1939 were: Kunio Mitsuyasu, executive olerk and part-time police lieutenant. Masako Sato, police lieutenant. Chusaburo Okamato, assistant police lieutenant. Shichiro Katayame and Sensato Suzuki, clerks,, Koei Oshiro, assistant experts. Palau Branch Government . The Palau Branch Government has jurisdiction over the Caroline Islands west of X370 £!. long. Its offioe is located at Koror. The Branch Gov- ernor in 1941 was Ki^oshiohi Ito (Sonin), who replaced Kiichi Takasaka (Sonin) in that year. The offioe staff in 1939 included the following persons of Hannin rank: Yozo Omura, police lieutenant, Zaiki Hirada and Kazdma Toyoda, assistant police lieutenants. Shunsaku Akima, Jinko Takeuchi, and Hiteo Uyeda, part-time assistant experts, also doctors at the Palau Hospital. Mayuyoshi Sashima and Kumao Yasukate, assistant experts. Riichi Omon, Hisasuke Tanno, Takeo Umayahara, part-time assistant experts. Susumu Arimura, Saigo Hagiwara, Kokichi Iwakiri, Bunzo Okawa, Yasuuchi Yano, Takeo Sano, Shoji Sueyama, and Takenobu Kajishima, clerks. Fumio Hakamura, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Palau Hospital. Jltsuhei Moohida, assistant sign expert. Yap Branch Government . The Yap Branch Government has jurisdiction over the Caro- line Islands between 137° and" 148° E. long. Its headquarters are maintained on Yap Island. The Branch Governor in 1940 and 1941 was Kiyoichi Kobayashi (Sonin). The staff of the Yap Branch Government in 1939 included the following persons of Hannin rank: Ichio Matsumoto, police lieutenant. Shigeo Nakamura, Masanori Tamanaka, part-time assistant experts, also doctors at the Yap Hospital. Shinji Nakazawa, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Yap Hospital. Hajimu Ito, assistant communications expert. Yoshihisa Goto, assistant expert. Noboru Katamura, part-time assistant expert, also assistant expert at the Tropical In- dustries Research Institute. Yosaburo Akatsuka, Senichi Suzuki, and Tetsuo Sugimura, clerks. Setsuiohi Okawa, olerk, also part-time olerk at the Yap Hospital. Truk Branch Government . The Truk Branch Government has jurisdiction over the eastern (faro line Islands between 148° and 154° E, long. Its headquarters are located on ^ublon Island, Truk. In 1940 the Branch Governor was Jushin Yorimitsu (Sonin). He was Replaced in 1941 by Kiichi Takasaka (Sonin), who had formerly been Branch Governor of Palau. The staff of the Truk Branch Government Office in 1939 included the following persons of Hannin rank: # 25 Gunzo Nishi, police lieutenant. Shigeo Kakiuchi, assistant police lieutenant. Kakuto Nishikawa and Rokusaburo Amakase, part-time assistant experts, also doctors at the Truk Hospital. Yoshio Shichida, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Truk Hospital. Shigenobu Tsukawa, Jun Kayaba, and Shigeru Hirose, assistant experts. Yoshiho Kitabatake, assistant communications expert. Takaji Tayama, assistant sign expert. 1 Eiichiro Katakiri, Yoshinosuke Katane, Yosankichi Kobayashi, Akira Sekiguchi, and Komei Zushi, clerks. Ponape Branoh Government . The district under the jurisdiction of the Ponape Branch Government includes all of the Caroline Islands east of 15A° E. long., as well as the Mar- shall Islands west of 164° E. long., namely, Eniwetok and Ujelang atolls. The headquarters are located at the town of Colony on Ponape. In 1940, the Branch Governor was Yoshizo Hayama (Sonin), who is reported to be about fifty years old, plump, genial, and clean sha- ven. Hayama was replaced in 1941 by Kaneto Tsukahara (Sonin). Moritaro Hoshino (Sonin), head of the Ponape branch of the Tropical Industries Research Institute, was employed on part time as an expert in the office of the Ponape Branch Government, In addition, the office staff in 1939 included the following persons of Hannin rank-: Kiyoshi Tanuma, police lieutenant, Nagamasa Kuniba (probably now in Jaluit) and Ryoki Miyahira, assistant police lieu- tenants. Ichinari Sonoda, part-time assistant expert, also doctor at the Ponape Hospital; he is about 40 years old and has two small children; in 1940 he was made head of the Angaur Hospital and also assigned to part-time duties at the Jaluit Hospital. Shohei Yoshida, part-time assistant expert, also doctor at the Ponape Hospital. Gengo Mayezawa, part-time assistant expert, also doctor at the Ponape Hospital. Kiryo Hirai, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Ponape Hospital. Tatsuo Goto and Tsutomu Okaya, assistant experts. Hojiro Nakamura, assistant communications expert. Ichio Ekawa, part-time assistant expert, also assistant expert at the Tropical In- dustries Research Institute. Shizuo Okubo, Shigeyuki Nasuzawa, Yoshindo Hirao, Tetsutaro Hasekawa, Shigetame Yo- shiike, Isamu Nunoda, and Kakuhei Ono, clerks. Jaluit Branch Company . The district under the jurisdiction of the Jaluit Branch Government includes all of the Marshall Islands east of 164° E. longitude, thus excluding the atolls of Eniwetok and Ujelang, which are administered from Ponape. The headquarters are located at the town of Jabor on Jaluit atoll. In 1940 Makita Narimoto (Sonin), was appointed Branch Governor, succeeding Yusaburo Yamaguchi (Sonin), who was transferred to Saipan. In 1941, Shikishi Kanai (Sonin) was appointed Branch Governor to succeed Narimoto. The office staff of the Jaluit Branch Government in 1939 included the following persons of Hannin rank: Masanori Itane, police lieutenant. Muneo Samejima and Takeyuki Suzuki, part-time assistant experts, also doctors at the Jaluit Hospital. Tsutomu Kamei, part-time assistant expert, also pharmacist at the Jaluit Hospital. Takeo Murayama, assistant expert. Takeshi Nakajima, assistant communications expert. Utamichi Nakamura, Torazo Takeuchi, Masai chi Nakamura, and Teruo Moriyasu, clerks. 26 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES - This book is due on the date indicated below, or at the expiration of a definite period after the date of borrowing, as provided by the library rules or by special arrangement with the Librarian in charge. DATE BORROWED DATE DUE DATE BORROWED DATE DUE FFR 1 K l IkO JL u. _ r nrvftffi C28 (757) 100M i ; ' ! ; ' .1 .Ar r - ■ v> . <\ . 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