1 W- ■ : Strictly Confidential.—For Members of the Foreign Mission Board only. / \ A^ ' REPORT OF THE DEPUTIES ON THE KAFFRARIAN MISSION Strictly Confidential.—For Members of the Foreign Mission Board only. ( REPORT OF THE DEPUTIES ON THE KAPFRARIAN MISSION OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCII 1 8 8 3 . CONTENTS. - 0 - GENERAL REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE DEPUTIES ... 3 REPORT ON STATIONS— I. Glenthorn. 6 II. Emgwali ........... 12 III. Paterson ........... 19 IV. Adelaide ........... 23 V. Columba ........... 26 VI. Malan ........... 28 VII. Somerset and Glenavon ........ 30 VIII. Tarkastad. 31 MATTERS CONNECTED WITH MISSION PROPERTIES— I. Titles ........... 32 II. Insurance. 32 THE PRESBYTERY.33 REPORT ON SPECIAL QUESTIONS— I. Allowances to Missionaries for Travelling Expenses ... 33 II. Allowances asked for Mission-Work b) r Mr. Dewar ... 35 III. Interpreters. 35 IV. Glentliorn and ‘The Point’ ....... 38 V. Henderson.39 VI. Emgwali Girls’ School Building ....... 39 VII. New Houses at Columba and Malan. 40 VIII. Compensation for War Losses ....... 41 IX. Colonial Congregations and their relation to Mission Work . . 41 X. Relations of Mr. Cumming and Mr. Stirling .... 45 XI. Permanent Buildings.45 XII. Union ........... 45 XIII. Voluntary Christian Work.47 XIV. Native Evangelists ......... 48 RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS IN THE FOREGOING REPORT ....... . _ .52 APPENDICES— I. Personal Statistics ......... 54 II. Congregational Statistics ..50 III. Educational Statistics.. REPORT OF THE DEPUTIES ON THE KAFFEAEIAN MISSION OF THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. GENERAL REPORT OF THE WORK OF THE DEPUTIES. In accordance with your instructions we proceeded to South Africa, Voyage out. sailing from London on 23rd May 1883. We were accompanied by Mrs. Corsar, to whose assistance we were indebted, particularly in connection with the matters referred to us by the Glasgow and Greenock Ladies’ Kaffrarian Societies. Mr. W. J. Slowan, who was making a voyage to the Cape for the benefit of his health, was invited by the Mission Board to associate himself, as far as possible, with the Deputation. He accom¬ panied us throughout, and shared in the work devolving upon us by the way. Among our fellow-passengers were the Rev. Messrs. Sibree, Houlder, and Thorne of the Madagascar Mission of the London Missionary Society, with whom we had useful conference in reference to methods of mission-work, and also joined in conducting services on board. During the stay of the vessel at Cape Town, we had the opportunity of pleasant Cape Town. fellowship with the brethren of the Congregational Union of South Africa, who were assembled for their annual meeting. We took part in a Conference on Christian Life and Work under their auspices, and also in an open communion service attended by ministers and members of all evangelical denominations j and on Sabbath, 17th June, officiated in the Scotch Presbyterian church. Landing at Port Elizabeth on 20th Tort Elizabeth. June, we visited the Missions of the Wesleyan Church, and the pastors of the Scotch church and the Hottentot congregation; and, having made arrangements for holding meetings on our return, proceeded by railway to Grahamstown, and conducted services there on Sabbath, June 24. . Grahamstown. Proceeding thence to King William’s Town, we had conference with KingWilliam’s brethren of the Free Church there, and visited the Peeltown Station, and uwu ' Girls’ Boarding School connected with the London Missionary Society. From King William’s Town we went by rail to Dohne, and thence by 1303t> 4 General Report. Emgwali. Meeting of Presbytery. Various other Meetings. The Transkei. Cunningham Station (F. C.). Ply ths wood (F. 0.). Kobonqaba. Malan. waggon to Emgwali, where five days were spent in going fully into all the matters connected Avith the Station, holding conferences with the missionaries, teachers, evangelists, and elders, and arranging the special questions that required to be adjusted. We conducted the services here on Sabbath, July 1, when the communion was dispensed; 12 converts were baptized, and, along with 5 others, admitted to the membership of the Church. From Emgwali we returned to King William’s Town for the meeting of Presbytery, holding a service at PeeltoAvn by the Avay. At the meeting of Presbytery all the brethren Avere present, except Mr. James Davidson, Avho is in Scotland, but no elder attended. There were four sedefunts, at all of which Ave Avere present throughout. We also attended a meeting of the Free Church Presbytery, receiving a most cordial Avelcome, and a joint conference of the two Presbyteries on the subject of Union. We Avere present at a Missionary Conference, at which missionaries of various denominations joined in counsel regarding important matters bearing on the position of the natives, and the interests of evangelical work among them. The report of the revisers engaged in the new translation of the Kaffir Bible Avas submitted to the meeting, and shoAved gratifying progress in this important work. We also took part, along Avith Dr. SteAvart of Lovedale and others, in a Christian Conference held in the Toavii Hall in the evening of the same day. At the meeting of Presbytery the programme of our work Avas adjusted Avith the brethren, and, while on all hands it Avas felt that the time at our disposal was more limited than Avas desirable, Ave were glad that every station and congrega¬ tion could be included in the plan of visitation; and it is satisfactory to record iioav that every engagement then made was exactly kej)t through¬ out. From King William’s ToAvn Ave started for the Transkei, under the guidance of Mr. Auld, to Avhose invaluable assistance we are greatly indebted for being enabled to overtake this difficult part of the Avork Avithout accident or mistake. His knoAvledge of the country and familiarity Avith the language Avere of the greatest service. And Ave are bound to acknoAvledge with gratitude the cheerful way in which he submitted to great fatigue in furthering our Avork; for the rate at which Ave Avere obliged to proceed involved an amount of riding trying even to such a practised horseman. Proceeding by Draaibosch and Kei Bridge, Ave called at Cunningham Station of the Free Church, Avhere, in the absence of the Rev. Richard Ross, Ave Avere received by the resident native evangelist, from Avhom Ave learned the details of this large and successful Mission. At BlythsAvood Ave met a hospitable welcome from Rev. Mr. and Mrs. M'Laren, and on Sabbath, 8th July, proceeded over the mountains to Incisininde, Avhere tAvo services Avere held, a number of the people from Izolo also attending. In the evening Ave had service with the boarders in the institution. From BlythsAvood Ave drove by Buttenvorth, visiting the headquarters of the Wesleyan Mission there; and thence to Kobonqaba, halting by the Avay to visit the grave of Tiyo Soga, and inspect the ruins of the Mission property at Tutura. We held a service at Kobonqaba, met Avith the elders, and also with the resident magistrate, inspected the Mission property, and inquired fully into the nature and requirements of the work at this Station. It Avas with much regret that in the circumstances Ave found it impossible to visit the distant out- stations in detail. From Kobonqaba avc proceeded by Ibeka (passing Teko out-station by the way) to Malan. There Ave had a meeting of Galekas, largely attended by red heathen, as well as by the church members, two important chiefs being present, one of them a brother of Ivreli. Having received all necessary particulars regarding this new Mission and its needs, and attended to special matters connected with the property here, we returned by Ibeka to Blythswood, and thence drove to Mbulu, crossing the Tsomo Drift. On Sabbath, 15th July, we conducted services at Mbulu, the communion being dispensed, and 8 converts baptized. We had afterwards a lengthened conference with the Session, and Avith others connected with the Avork here. Proceeding over the hills by Avay of St. Marks, through Tembuland, Ave drove to Queenstown, where Ave had a service in the Union church (Rev. Wilberforce Phillips), and thence made our Avay to Tarkastad. Here Ave had three services on Sabbath, 22nd July, besides tAvo at Tarka, the out-station on the Winter- berg, to Avhich Mr. Corsar drove out Avith Mr. DeAvar. On the Monday evening Ave addressed the annual congregational meeting, the pastor of the Dutch church (Rev. Mr. De Villiers) also taking part. From Tarkastad Ave drove to Cradock, Avhere, besides other services, a large meeting Avas held in the great Dutch church (Rev. Mr. Du Plessis), all the ministers of the toAvn being present. From this Ave proceeded to Somerset East, and addressed a meeting of the United Presbyterian con¬ gregation on the Friday evening, and a public meeting in the Dutch church on Saturday evening. On Sabbath, 29th July, Ave had three services in Mr. Leith’s church, and Ave officiated also in the Hottentot congregation (Independent), and in the native churches both at Glenavon and Somerset. From Somerset Ave proceeded to Bedford, where Ave had conference with the Rev. Mr. Solomon regarding his lengthened and extensive experience, both in mission-Avork and the Colonial Church. The next day Ave reached Adelaide, and inspected the various church properties there, and held service on the Wednesday evening. On Thursday Ave drove up the Mankazana to Glenthorn, and held meetings there on Friday with the European and the native congregations, and also with the elders. On Saturday one of the Deputies rode out to some of the out-stations. On Sabbath, 5th August, Ave held tAvo services at Glenthorn,—one in the church for the Europeans, and the other in the open air Avith the natives, on which occasion 14 converts Avere baptized. We had also services in Adelaide, afternoon and eA r ening, both in the English and native churches. On the Monday Ave had a meeting Avith the Committee of Management, a service in the native church, and a congregational meeting, which Avas addressed also by the pastor of the Dutch church. The next day Ave drove by Fort Beaufort to Lovedale, Avhere Ave met with a Avarm Avelcome, had every facility afforded us for investigating the details of the important Avork there carried on, and enjoyed the privilege of conference Avith friends of very large experience in mission-Avork in its varied phases. We also held a service in the Great Hall of the Institution. From Lovedale Ave drove by Breakfast Ylai to GrahamstoAvn, Avhere Ave had three services on Sabbath, August 12, and a congregational meeting on the Monday evening. An evangelistic service in the Town Hall at Uitenhage, at which all the ministers of the town Avere present, and a service in the Scotch church at Port Elizabeth, completed our Avork in the Eastern ProA'ince. We sailed from Port Elizabeth on 17th August, reaching Cape ToAvn on Sabbath, 19th, in time to take the evening service in the Scotch church. On Monday Ave visited Stellenbosch, Avhere Ave were greatly indebted to the kind attentions of Professors Hofmeyr and Marais. We aftenvards visited Okxeral licrORT. Mbulu. Tarkastad. Somerset East. Adelaide. Glen t Lorn. Lovedale (F. C.). GraLamstown. RoturnVoyago. G General the Normal College at Cape Town, and addressed a Gospel Temperance R epor t. Meeting in the evening, and next day (August 21) sailed for home. We had the privilege of having as fellow-voyagers M. Alfred Boegner, Secretary of the Missionary Society of Paris, and Madame Boegner (daughter of M. de Pressens6), who were returning from an eight months’ visit to the Basuto Mission. We learned from them many interesting particulars regarding that extensive and successful Mission, and had the opportunity of comparing impressions regarding much that we had seen in connection with Christian work in South Africa generally. We conducted services on board during the voyage, and, so far as it was practicable, adjusted the details that are embodied in the Report now submitted. By the good Home. hand of God upon us, we reached Plymouth on 11th September, where we landed in good health, and thankful for the goodness and mercy that had followed us in all our way. REPORT ON STATIONS. We shall best afford the information required as to the Congregations, Out-stations, Church Properties, and Education by reporting in detail on the several Stations comprised in the Mission, and we shall afterwards deal with the special points referred to in our Instructions. I. GLENTHORN. Glenthorn. Its His'torv. Lease of House, Church, and Ground. This Station, now the oldest in our Mission, owes its origin to the Scotch settlers, who obtained extensive grants of land in the district of Baviaans River and Mankazana upwards of sixty years ago. The late Mr. Pringle of Glenthorn erected a church on his own lands in 1840, Mr. Hepburn, now a Baptist minister in the Colony, being settled for a time as minister. He was succeeded by Mr. John Cumming (now missionary at Emgwali), whose former Mission at the Chumie had been broken up in consequence of the war of 1850. Having acquired, during his labours among Chopa’s tribe, command of the Kaffir tongue, Mr. Cumming did not content himself with ministering to the European settlers of the district, but preached the Gospel to the natives in the church at Glenthorn and also at the numerous out-stations reached from that centre. We have found traces in distant parts of the country of the success with which his labours at Glenthorn were crowned. But in 1868, on Mr. Soga’s removal to Tutura, Mr. Cumming was transferred to Emgwali, and for some time the work at Glenthorn was suspended. Communications having been made to the Presbytery, requesting the settlement of another minister at Glenthorn, Messrs. Chalmers and Sclater, as a Committee of Presbytery, visited the Mankazana in January 1870, met with the congregations both European and native in the habit of worshipping at Glenthorn, and arranged the terms on which ordinances would be provided. A lease was granted to the Presbytery by Mr. Robert P. Pringle (proprietor of Glenthorn) of Glenthorn Cottage, together with right to the use of the church, and certain rights of grazing to the minister and of outspan to those attending the church. The rent is £30, and the lease extends to 1st April 1892. It is in the option of the Presbytery to retain only the church and t outspan at a rent of £5, or to terminate the lease altogether on giving six months’ notice. The proprietor is bound to keep the outside of the buildings in good repair. A lease was also granted to the Presbytery by Mr. George Bennett of Austrey of a piece of ground extending to fully 400 acres, and known as the Green Point, little more than a mile from Glenthorn Church. ‘The Point’ was leased for the purpose of erecting on it a school and teacher’s house, which Mr. Pringle would not allow at Glenthorn, because of proximity to his residence. The rent is £15, but the first two years’ rents were given as a contribution to the cost of school buildings. Plaatye the evangelist at present pays the £15 as rent for the ground. This lease also extends to 1st April 1892, and is terminable by the Presbytery on six months’ notice. The question of the support of ordinances was plainly brought forward by the Committee of Presbytery, and the people publicly pledged themselves to do their utmost in con¬ tributing for the expenses of the Mission. On this footing the matter was arranged, and Mr. Robert S. Leslie was settled at Glenthorn in 1870. But after two years’ earnest and faithful labour he was transferred to the Transkei, to take up the work at Tutura, which had been vacant for a year through the death of Tiyo Soga. Mr. Dewar succeeded for a short time, but in 1874 removed like his predecessor to the Transkei, where he was settled among the Galekas at Quolora, till that Station was destroyed in the war of 1877, since which time he has been engaged in ministerial and missionary work at Tarkastad and Tarka. Mr. Thomas Shearer has been missionary at Glenthorn since April 1874. Notwith¬ standing the serious interruption to which his work was for a time subjected by reason of his weak health, and a prolonged absence that was necessary in consequence, Mr. Shearer’s labours have been attended with marked success. Though not robust he is now much stronger than hitherto, and fortunately the continuous itinerating necessary for the proper working of this field conduces to his health. The district for which ordinances are supplied by means of this Station is a very extensive one. It includes an area measuring 20 miles from north to south by 30 miles from east to west. The population of the district is over 2,500, more than four-fifths being natives located on the farms into which this tract of moun¬ tainous territory is divided. There is no provision for the religious needs of the community except through the Station at Glenthorn. The difficulty of communication is really much greater than the distance in miles would indicate. Range after range of hills, intersected by kloofs or valleys running in different directions, have to be traversed; and in the case, for instance, of the principal out-station, Haining (Baviaans River), what might be computed as a three hours’ ride, if it could be taken straight across the mountains, becomes a day and a half’s journey by waggon, as Mr. Shearer has to go. Four days of the week are at present usually devoted to itinerating, visiting the European farmers, and so reaching the natives located on their ground, and in this way the Gospel is systematic¬ ally carried into the most remote and inaccessible corners. Friday and Saturday are reserved for pulpit preparation, to which scrupulous atten¬ tion is evidently devoted. Mr. Shearer conducts services (European and native) at Glenthorn three Sabbaths in the month, at Haining (Baviaans River) about once in six weeks, and at Thornkloof about once in six weeks. A plan of the arrangements for these services is drawn up half- yearly, and a copy, neatly written on a stiff post-card, is sent to each farm-house. At Haining the service for natives is once in three weeks, Glenthorn. ‘ Tlie Point.' Rev. T. Shearer. The District. Mr. Shearer’s Work. 8 Glen thorn. The Church. School at ‘ The Point.’ The European Congregation. The Native Congregation. the evangelist or one of the elders taking it alternately with the missionary; and the native service at Glenthorn is never suspended, it being always similarly provided for when the missionary is absent at the out-stations. In addition, there are fortnightly services at Millness, Whytebank, Damon’s Kloof, July’s Kloof, Austrey, Brambosch, and Poplar Grove, service once in three weeks at Spring Vale, and monthly services at Linton, Koonap, Ettrick, and Quagga’s Kirk (on the Tarka). At none of these out-stations are there any church buildings. The services with Europeans are held in the farm-houses, and the native services either in an adjoining waggon-shed or barn, or at some of the native kraals. Indeed, at this Station the Church possesses no property whatever. The church is the property of Mr. Pringle. It is a neat stone edifice, capable of seating about eighty Europeans, though nearly three times that number of natives are at times crowded into it, not to their own comfort, and greatly to the injury of the missionary’s health. Mr. Pringle has just completed some repairs on the property, including the erection of stone buttresses and porch, which greatly improve its appear¬ ance. The expenditure, which he has personally defrayed, must have exceeded £100, and it is understood that he has some further improve¬ ments in contemplation, with the view of beautifying the interior and increasing the comfort of the worshippers. But it is doubtful if he will proceed with these, so long as the church is required for the accommoda¬ tion of the native congregation. The school at ‘ The Point,’ which is a plain brick building with thatch roof, and the teacher’s house, which consists of two rooms, forming a lean-to addition, cost upwards of £80, but the ground on which they stand is only leased, and at the expiry of the lease the buildings would have to be left, without compensation. An addition was made by Mr. Shearer in 1877 to the farm-house, which is occupied as a manse, in the shape of a study, bedroom, and store-room. This is really the best part of the house, and the addition was absolutely necessary to secure even the limited degree of comfort the dwelling affords. By the help of friends at home, the improvement was effected at a cost of about £‘200 ; but in the event of removal, there would be no claim for compensation in respect of the buildings erected. The European congregation numbers 16 members, the average attendance at com¬ munion being about 10. There is no elder and no Committee of Management, or other provision for either spiritual oversight or charge of secular affairs. The average attendance at the services in church at Glenthorn is 40; at the occasional services held at Thornkloof and Haining, 35 and 30 respectively. On the occasion of our visit there were 35 present at the meeting on Friday, and 55 at the Sabbath service on 5th August. The native congregation numbers 242 members, with a regularly con¬ stituted session of 11 elders. The average attendance at communion is 150, and at ordinary Sabbath services at Glenthorn, 250, and at the 14 out-stations, 606, making 856 in all; but as some may be in attendance both at the church and at one or other of the out-stations, the number of persons attending one or more services on Sabbath may be more nearly stated at 750. The church was inconveniently crowded at the Friday meeting held by the Deputies, and on Sabbath the native service had to be held in the open air, when there were upwards of 450 present, besides children. About 200 of these were members, and of the remainder one- half were red heathen. On this occasion, 3 children of members were 9 baptized, and 14 adults, making altogether 24 infants and 31 adults baptized during the year. The total accessions to the members’ roll for the year are 46, and the removals, 18. There are other 36 still remain¬ ing in the candidates’ class. Besides this there are two Bible-classes, with 24 on the roll, and average attendance about 20, and a Sabbath school, with 9 teachers, 100 scholars, and average attendance of 70. There are six weekly prayer meetings, with an attendance of 117; four fortnightly meetings, with an attendance of 198; and one monthly meeting, with an attendance of 50,—in all, eleven prayer meetings, with attendance of 365. The day-school at ‘The Point’ is attended at present by only 24 scholars. The teacher, Cenjani Nkosana, received last year £20 in fees, and £30 of Government grant, being £50 in all. He draws no salary from the Mission Board. It is to be regretted that the landowners and farmers interpose serious obstacles in the way of the education of the native children. In some cases they go so far as to threaten natives with ex¬ pulsion from their property if they send their children to school. The amounts contributed by the European congregation during the past three years for the support of ordinances are—1879-80, £30, 11s.; 1880-81, £30, 9s. 4d.; and 1881-82, £25, 15s. 4d. It is to be feared that some of the Scotch settlers must have imported with them some of the habits of the country parish churches of Scotland in former days, and that their descendants for the most part have inherited them. The membership of the European congregation is not large; but considering their measure of ability, their eager desire to have ordinances main¬ tained among them, and the obligation under which they came to the Presbytery, the above figures cannot be regarded as adequate. Possibly the entire absence of organization may have something to do with it. And the Deputies strongly urged upon the people the propriety of their relieving the minister of all charge of financial matters, by appointing a Committee and a Treasurer to deal with the church contributions, and also to stimulate the liberality and receive the collections of the native congregation. It is believed that if this suggestion were acted upon, the result would speedily appear in an improvement upon the funds, and we think it would be well if the financial arrangements were on a totally different footing from the present. It is right to note that last year, in addition to the ordinary collections (£25, 15s. 4d.), £9 was contributed to the Presbytery’s Mission Fund,—£5 at Glenthorn, £2, 10s. at Haining, and £1, 10s. at Thornkloof. The native contributions contrast with these, though they also are believed to fall far short of the ability of the people. The collections for support of ordinances have been—1879-80, £43, 9s. 5d.; 1880-81, £39, 18s. 4d.; and 1881-1882, £45, 16s. 8d. Besides the latter sum £6, 15s. 5d. was contributed for repairs of school, and £2, 0s. 5d. paid as subscription to the Church Building Fund, making a total from the native congregation last year £54, 12s. 6d. The liberality of the natives has doubtless received a check, through the continued delay in providing them with a church for themselves, as has long been desired. While it stands in favourable contrast with what is elsewhere seen, that they are allowed to worship in the church at Glenthorn, their doing so is an inconvenience to the European congregation, and a still greater discom¬ fort to themselves. The building is not nearly large enough for the attendance, and the attendance would be largely increased if they had a Glenthorn. Tlie Day- School. Contributions by European Congregation. Contributions by Native Congregation. 10 GLENTHORN. Fund for a NativeChurch. Spirit of Native Church. Need of an Interpreter. church of their own. Their interest in the matter is shown by the fact that they have already paid in £62, 5s. 9d. to the building fund, which with £81, 12s. 9d., received from the European members and some friends at home, makes £143, 18s. 6d. which Mr. Shearer has collected for the purpose. Deposit receipts for £75 and £50 on account of the fund were exhibited to the Deputies. The Board some years ago promised a con¬ tribution of £140 and a loan of £140, provided £140 were raised by the people. This condition has been complied with, but the undertaking cannot yet proceed on account of the difficulty as to a site. It will not do to build on the Glenthorn property, as it is entailed, and the proprietor could not give a clear title to the ground, even were he willing, which he is not, and were the site the most suitable, which it is not. On the other hand, the site at ‘ The Point,’ which in every way approves itself as well suited for the purpose, has not yet been procurable. Of this we shall have more to say in reply to a special query addressed to us by the Board (page 38). But we must here record the conviction, that the purchase of that ground and erection of suitable buildings there, seems not only a judicious step, but essential to the welfare of the Mission, and conducive to its successful development as well as to its permanency. We were very favourably impressed with the spirit of the native church, and the earnestness and ability of the members of session. We examined the session records and communion roll, and found them very carefully and neatly kept. The session meet usually about once a month, and at every meeting they go over the communion roll, and also the list of candidates. The care that is taken in the admission of members is shown by the fact that some are kept for two years in the candidates’ class, and besides being taught by the missionary, are also from time to time dealt with by the elders at the weekly prayer meetings. We had evidence also that discipline is faithfully maintained. And we had opportunities of intercourse, also, with the excellent evangelist Plaatye Blinger, and the interpreter David Matunjwa. As to the latter, reference is made in our reply to a special question about interpreters (page 35), but while we have there freely expressed a decided opinion on the general question of the employment of interpreters, we may here say that any hasty action in the withdrawing of this interpreter is to be deprecated. It is quite impossible that Mr. Shearer can at present minister to the natives without the aid of an interpreter, and there are not teachers here, as in so many places in the Transkei and elsewhere, ready to act as interpreters when required. The missionary would need, therefore, to be accompanied by the evangelist when itinerating, and this would greatly curtail the work which, by labouring separately, they can overtake. It would also interfere with the efficiency of the native services at Glenthorn, when the missionary is absent at Baviaans River and Thornkloof. There is an additional peculiarity about the position of matters at Glenthorn. Even were Mr. Shearer to master the Kaffir language, he would still be dependent on the services of an interpreter. It is not as if he w T ere located in a native tribe, where one dialect is spoken by the whole com¬ munity. There are Kaffirs of various tribes, and Fingoes, whose language is practically one. There are also a considerable number of Basutos, and while their language (the Sesuto) is closely related to the Kaffir, we saw evidence of the difficulty which Kaffirs and Basutos have in clearly under¬ standing one another, owing to differences of dialect, and the use of words in the one language that are unknown in the other. Besides these there 11 are a large proportion of Hottentots and mixed races, or Bastaards as they are called (without reference to the legitimacy of their birth), and these understand best a corrupt form of Dutch, and know little or nothing of Kaffir. On account of the mixed character of the native audience, there¬ fore, English, Kaffir, and Dutch seem all needed, the two latter especially. We had ourselves most reluctantly to submit to double interpreting, and we believe it cannot be dispensed with. While, therefore, for other important reasons we trust that Mr. Shearer will persevere in the study of Kaffir, we would recommend the Board not to withdraw an agent whose place must be somehow or other supplied, until they are satisfied that the efficiency of the missionary’s work will not be thereby interfered with. The Mission is not only an important one in itself, but it has an indirect influence on the spread of the Gospel in the native territories. The natives come from these territories, and settle for a time upon the European farms in such districts as this, which they work on condition of receiving half of the produce in return for their labour. Many of them gradually acquire considerable substance, in the shape of herds and flocks, till the land can no longer bear them, and they remove with their accumulated possessions to the territory of their tribe. There they take at once a leading position in the Mission churches, and we are assured by Mr. Bichard Boss, the welhknown missionary of the Free Church at Cunningham, that some of the best native office-bearers that he has known have been thus produced by Glenthorn. The same holds true of other native Missions in the Colony,—for instance, one of the most useful elders we met at Emgwali removed lately from Glenavon Station at Somerset East. And this imparts a special importance to the large number of 18 removed during last year, many of whom have doubtless carried with them to distant parts of the country the blessing received at Glenthorn. It is with satisfaction that we record our conviction that great success continues to attend the work in this our oldest remaining Kaffrarian Mission. An earnest spirit pervades the whole operations. The European settlers seem attached to the cause, and manifestly prize the Gospel ordin¬ ances provided for them. The native church is steadily increasing, and has still a large work before it, and the changes referred to will continually afford fresh opportunity for aggressive work. We trust that with improved health Mr. Shearer may become yet more useful than he has already proved, and that, without withdrawing himself from other duties or im¬ pairing the efficiency of his ministerial and missionary service, he may make more satisfactory progress than hitherto in acquiring the native tongue. And we recommend :—• 1. That in withdrawing the services of the interpreter, the Board be careful to satisfy itself that the good work Mr. Shearer is doing will not be thereby hindered. 2. That the project for providing a native church, and the erection of a missionary’s house, receive all encouragement and aid, if a suit¬ able site be obtained. 3. That an endeavour should be made to put the financial arrange¬ ments of the Mission on a somewhat different footing, and specially that the European congregation should be invited to take the matter formally in hand. Glentiiokn. Influenceof the Mission on the Native Terri¬ tories. Success of the Work at this Station. Recommenda¬ tions. 12 Emgwali. Its History. Messrs. Cumining and Stirling. The District. II. EMGWALI. This Station is situated about thirty miles north-east of King William’s Town, and twelve miles east of the Dohne Station on the railway from East London to Queenstown. It was opened in 1857, Messrs. Tiyo Soga and Johnstone being the first missionaries. Previous to their arrival the site had been selected by Mr. Gumming, and Mr. Brownlee, the Gaika Commissioner. Colonel Maclean, the Chief Commissioner of Kaffraria, requested Mr. Cumming to concentrate there the scattered members of the older Mission churches (Cliumie, Uniondale, and Iqibigha), desiring to make Emgwali a place of refuge for the Gaikas who would not enter into the Cattle-killing Scheme, which produced the greatest misery through all the tribes, and threatened the destruction of the Gaika race. Mr. Johnstone left the Mission two years after to become minister of the congregation at Grahamstown, then connected with the Congregational Union, but now with the United Presbyterian Presbytery. From Grahams¬ town he was afterwards called to become pastor of the Scotch Church in Port Elizabeth, where he now ministers. Mr. John A. Chalmers was subsequently associated with Mr. Soga, and after a time opened the Henderson Station in the Cathcart district, where work is still carried on under the superintendence of the Emgwali missionaries. Mr. Chalmers is now minister of Trinity United Presby¬ terian congregation in Grahamstown. Mr. Sclater then for a time joined the Mission at Emgwali, only in like manner to leave it, in about two years (April 1867), to take charge of a new station, which, largely through Mr. Soga’s exertions, had been secured at Mbulu in Fingoland. Mr. James Davidson, who had for four years ministered in King William’s Town, succeeded Mr. Sclater at Emgwali, but after a short stay he also removed to Elujilo, which was erected into a principal station; and in 1868 Mr. Soga, after a ten years’ ministry, also left to undertake new work among Kreli’s Galekas at Tutura. Mr. Cumming was then transferred to Emgwali, where he has laboured since, amid all the changes that have passed over the country. In 1882, Mr. Stirling was associated as colleague with Mr. Cumming in the charge of the Station. In 1868 the population of the district around Emgwali was estimated at from 8000 to 10,000, scattered over a tract of country of about 23 by 13 miles in extent. The population of the same territory is now stated at about 2000. Principal Stations, such as Lujilo and Plenderson, which were planted in the midst of populous districts, now form struggling out- stations. Of the whole population remaining, about the one-half are settled on the Mission reserve, so that the population scattered over the rest of the district must be very sparse. This change has resulted from the war of 1878-79, in which the Gaikas under Sandilli became ultimately involved. It was a question at that time whether the loss of Gaika- land to the Gaikas would not involve the loss of this Station to the Church. But though urged, both by English and natives, to leave the Station and repair to King William’s Town for safety during the war, Mr. Cumming refused to quit, being assured that if deserted the Emgwali, like other stations, would become a prey to the firebrand, and the people, once scattered, would never be allowed to return. While the war raged around, the services of the sanctuary, the Sabbath school, and other meetings were held as usual. Mr. Auld and Mr. Leslie, who were reluc- 13 tantly compelled to quit Lujilo and Tutura, found shelter at Emgwali, and assisted in the work there and also at the out-stations. Mr. Leslie succumbed to an illness brought on by the hardships and troubles he had passed through, and is buried at Emgwali, with no tablet to mark the spot where he sleeps, and perpetuate the memory of his name, and of his brief but earnest and successful ministry at Glenthorn and Tutura. We trust that attention being called to this, a suitable memorial will soon be provided. When it was resolved not to desert Emgwali, the Governor (Sir Bartle Frere) appointed it to be a place of refuge for all loyal natives. But at the end of the war the word went forth from the Colonial Ministry that all the Gaikas, whether red heathen, or belonging to the Emgwali, should quit the Colony, and go beyond the Kei to what had been Kreli’s Country. Mr. Gumming and Mr.’James Davidson saw the Prime Minister personally on the subject, and succeeded in convincing him of the injustice of the order that had been issued. They obtained its recall to the extent that all the school people were allowed to remain on the Station, while the others were obliged to go to Galekaland in the Transkei. After a good deal of negotiation, 11,000 acres were ultimately set apart as a Mission reserve, and the territory was surveyed and marked off by erection of beacons in the usual way, care being taken to include the ground in which the springs rise that supply the station with water. Five villages were formed, and ground assigned to the families in lots of half an acre for hut and garden, with 10 acres for cultivation. The chief men were allowed first to select their lots as near as possible to the ground they had formerly cultivated, and then their friends and relatives were located round them. And the whole settlement of the community, now living on the reserve, has been harmoniously effected. This matter, which must from first to last have been attended with grave anxiety, seems to have been carried through with much wisdom and with gratifying success. It is very satisfactory that the people are taking titles to their lands, which will give them a fixity of tenure such as they have not hitherto enjoyed, and will afford a protection to the Colony in the creation of a native peasant proprietary, having as indefeasible titles to their holdings as any European settlers. It will also remove one of the most frequent causes of disturbance, and set a limit to the spread of disaffection. It is to be hoped that in many other districts this method of land tenure may be widely adopted. It will certainly tend to the elevation of the people. It is evident, however, that from the change that has come over the population of the district and the condition of the people settled on it, the work at Emgwali Station has less of an aggressive character than it once possessed. On the Mission reserve there are only about 1000 inhabitants, all natives, living in the five villages that have been formed; in the district worked from this centre, including even such distant out- stations as Lujilo, Quanti, and Henderson, there are about 1150 more. The people on the reserve are all School-Kaffirs, as they are called, not all church members, but under Christian influences, and giving attendance on ordinances more or less regular. At the out-stations it is different. The natives there (with the exception of the few on the Mission lands at Henderson) are only allowed to settle on the farms as labourers, in many cases ‘ working on the half,’ as already explained. Many of these are heathen, and it is among them that there is still room for evangelistic work. And as they are not permanently settled, but change from place Emgwai i. Mr. Leslie's Grave. Emgwali a Plaeeof Eefuge for Loyal Natives. The Mission Kcserve. Work at Emgwali not aggressive. Eoom for Work at Out- stations. 14 Emgwali. Distribution of Work between Mr. Cumming and Mr. Stirling. Mission Property. The Manse. The present Girls’ School. to place, and inclined, indeed, when they gather a little stock to acquire a settlement in a native territory, it is likely that there will always he work of this kind to do. But at Emgwali itself it is more a Christian congregation that has to he ministered to, and a Christian community that has to be cared for. The senior missionary here seems to have more magisterial functions to discharge than in most places, perhaps in consequence of the fact that to his intervention the people know they are indebted for having their country preserved to them; and perhaps also, in some measure, from the circumstance of his venerable years. The Kaffirs are accustomed to pay great respect to age, and he is now a patriarch among his people. The real mission-work, however, must evidently be done to a large extent in the active working of the out-stations, and for this Mr. Cumming is not now able. This led him to seek help from the Board last year, and Mr. Stirling, who is now associated with him as colleague, seems well fitted to supply the need. While taking a share, of course, in the services at the head station, we believe that for a time Mr. Stirling will find fullest scope for his energies in working up the out-stations. It is probably in some such way that the colleagues will arrange to divide the work between them, when Mr. Stirling returns from Mbulu, of which he is taking charge in the absence of Mr. Davidson. Mr. Cumming’s experience in the work and knowledge of the people will be valuable to Mr. Stirling, while the youthful energy and zeal of the latter will enable him to undergo the fatigues of the aggressive work, as the advanced years of his venerable colleague do not now permit him to do. Mr. Cumming certainly enjoys a vigorous old age, but if his matured experience is to be preserved to the Mission, he must be content to see some parts of the work, that make largest demands on strength, pass into other hands. The Mission property at Emgwali extends to about 505 acres, in the centre of the Mission reserve. There are titles for this land in regular form, in Mr. Cumming’s hands, dated 15th December 1868. The land consists of a series of gentle undulations traversed by the Emgwali river. The Station is about 3000 feet above the level of the sea. The surround¬ ing country contains fertile valleys, and the arable land admits of being easily irrigated. The country is bare, being almost entirely destitute of wood, but the view is extensive, and interesting from the mountain out¬ lines. The manse stands in the centre of the wide valley. It is about twenty years old, brick and plastered, with thatch roof. The latter was in course of repair at the time of our visit, and there were some other little matters pointed out as requiring attention, the cost of which will doubtless be included in next estimate. The accommodation is ample, eight rooms, kitchen, pantry, etc., and on the whole the house seems very comfortable. The garden is large and well stocked with orange and other fruit trees. At a little distance to the north-east of the manse stands the present girls’ school and teacher’s house, brick and thatched, with additional rooms behind built of stone. The older part of this building is not in good repair; both roof and joisting of floors would need renewing. The rooms more recently added are in good condition. In view of the transfer of the school to the new building, we suggested that this house might have formed a more suitable residence for Mr. Stirling than the rooms he occupies at present, but in the meantime he prefers to retain these, after 15 the trouble and expense incurred in making them habitable. While he is contented with the present arrangement, it is certainly more economical for the Board, for a considerable outlay would be required before the school- house would be in fit condition for his occupancy. When the girls’ school is removed to the new building, it is proposed to transfer the boys’ school to the present girls’ schoolroom. The boys’ schoolroom is only a wattle and daub erection, in a decayed and rather dilapidated condition. It may perhaps be utilized as a store or stable for Mr. Stirling on his return from Mbulu, by which time, it is to be hoped, the transfer of the schools may have been effected. Further to the east of the school buildings stands the church on a slight elevation. The building, erected in 1802, measures 70 ft. by 3G ft. It is of brick, plastered on the outside, with corrugated iron roof. There is a commodious porch at the west end of the building, and against the eastern gable two rooms have been erected, which form the house occupied by Mr. Stirling. These rooms are in good condition, the woodwork having been lately overhauled; and outside he has added a little shed with sheets of iron, which forms a sort of kitchen. Mr. Stirling has no stable for his horse, and no garden,—the latter a very serious want, where the produce of the garden forms a large part of the food at certain seasons. He did not complain of this, however, but mentioned the difficulty in which they felt themselves for want of a store, room being needed for storing six months’ provisions, and also for keeping forage. It is to supply this want we have suggested that the boys’ school may be applied. The church buildings generally are not in such a state of repair as should be maintained. The woodwork does not seem to have been painted for many years, and in some places shows signs of decay. The outside, we are informed, has not been touched since the church was built in 18G2. The skirting-board in some parts should be renewed, as also the woodwork of some of the win¬ dows. The whole woodwork outside should be repainted, and it is desirable this should be done every three years. The roof also should be overhauled, and the canvas ceiling mended, where it has been damaged through the water coming in. The girls’ school building is in course of erection on a site about as far to the west of the manse as the church is to the east. It is of brick made in the neighbourhood, and will be cemented over. The roof is of iron. The situation is very good, and the building gives promise of being well suited for its purpose. At this Station we had many meetings with the missionaries, evan¬ gelists, teachers, and elders, both collectively and individually, and went thoroughly into the details of the work and the relations of the agents. We also examined the session records, which have been kept with regu¬ larity. We gather the general impression that the elders are faithful in their duties, and the state of the spiritual life of the people good. Family worship is generally maintained. Most of them read, though a few have difficulty in getting Bibles, for which they would gladly pay. Those who cannot read, sing and pray. Discipline is attended to, and both ministers and elders report that immorality is not prevalent, and that there is very little drunkenness. Only one case of immorality, and another case in connection with a heathen rite, required to be dealt with last year. There are 228 members at Emgwali in full communion, and 2 under suspension. During last year 36 have been added, 14 of them being baptized, and the rest having been baptized in infancy; 7 members have Emgwai.i. The Boys’ School. The Church. Bepai’-s required. The New Girls’ School. The Work at the Statiou. Members; Attendance, Classes, and Contributions. 1G Emgwali. Work at Boys’ School. Work at Girls’ School. Attendance. been removed by death and disjunction. There are 33 inquirers in the candidates’ class. The average attendance at each communion is about 150. There were 45 baptisms ; 14 adults and 31 infants. There are seven weekly prayer meetings at the Station and villages on the reserve : three on Tuesday morning, attendance about 60; one on Thursday forenoon, attendance 40; and three mothers’ meetings on Tuesday forenoon, attendance 35. This gives an aggregate attendance of 135. The attendance at Sabbath services at the church and out-stations is about 350. There is one Sabbath school at Emgwali, with 10 teachers and 90 scholars on roll, average attendance 60. There are two Bible-classes, with 40 on roll, and 30 average attendance. The session is composed of 11 elders. The church-door collections amount to £ 50 , Is., and contributions at the Station to the Girls’ School Building Fund have been paid to the amount of £75, 17s. 4d., besides £29, 10s. contributed for this object by the Henderson people. The boys’ school at Emgwali (of which Robert Pepe is teacher) has 57 pupils on its roll. He draws £30 of salary from Government, and £5 from the Board. The school fees are very small, and irregularly paid. Only 22s. was derived from this source last year. It is explained in this connection that this charge has only recently been introduced; that the people are still suffering from the losses connected with the last war, aggravated by three deficient harvests in succession ; and that they have new payments to meet in getting titles to their holdings, and are liable to taxes now imposed. But though not a rich people, they should be taught to pay much more than they do for the education of their children, as well as the maintenance of ordinances. Robert Pepe is assisted in the school by his sister, Elizabeth Pepe, who draws a salary of £30 from Government. We had no opportunity of forming an opinion as to the efficiency of this school, as our visit was during the winter vacation, but the amount of the Government grants would indicate satisfaction on the part of the inspector. So far as we could learn, however, the attendance even of those on the roll is not what it should be, and not what we believe it would be, if the parents paid more in the shape of fees. The hindrances that interfere with education in some other quarters do not exist here, and this is one matter in which improvement is to be desiderated at Emgwali. The girls’ school was made subject of particular inquiry. The new departure in connection with it gives promise of this becoming an im¬ portant public institution, and though the school was not in session, rve were at pains to satisfy ourselves as to the prospect of its meeting the want which it is intended to supply. The Government Inspectors’ reports and the results of the public examinations probably afford better data for forming a judgment than any cursory examination we could have made. In the year 1880-81 there were in the first session 110 scholars, including 19 boarders; in the second session, 96 scholars, 34 boarders. In the year 1881-82 there were in the first session 115 scholars, 27 of whom were boarders ; in the second session, 113 scholars, 30 boarders. In the year 1882-83 there were in the first session (1st Aug. to 31st Dec.) 113 scholars, 30 boarders ; in the second session (1st Feb. to 30th June), 100 scholars, 28 boarders. The average attendance was 78; better, certainly, than most native schools, but still not what is to be desired. The very small payment for the day-scholars tends to keep the average lower than it would otherwise be. We examined the accounts of the school for the three years, as passed by the Government Department, and Accounts. 17 suggested to the teacher that it would be satisfactory to the Committee at home to receive a duplicate of these returns. The school seems to be in a very efficient state, and its whole arrangements show practical good sense. The boarders, even with the present imperfect accommodation, are trained in such a way that, apart altogether from the literary instruction communicated, the school cannot fail to exercise a powerful influence in many a native home. As to the efficiency in point of scholarship, this may be tested by the Government Inspector’s report of 13th June 1883, when 78 scholars were examined,—9 passed in Standard IV., 15 in Standard IIL, 14 in Standard II., 23 in Standard I., and only 17 were below any Standard. Considering the irregularity in the attendance of day-scholars the general result is very satisfactory, and if the higher Standards be looked to, the success is quite exceptional. In the Fourth Standard, we are told, the number of passes is higher than has been attained by any girls’ school in the Colony. Two of the Emgwali girls passed last year, and six is said to be the highest even from Lovedale. As to the religious training of the scholars, we had some opportunity of forming an opinion by personal conversation with some of the boarders who remained over the vacation, and we were confirmed in the favourable judgment thus formed by the testimony of the missionaries at the Station. In view of the extended influence which this seminary is likely to acquire over our Missions, under its new circumstances, we believe it would be well if the teacher at the head of the institution were more directly under the superintendence of the Mission Board. We would not approve of her being under the authority of an individual missionary, though, of course, she should be expected to take counsel with the missionaries at the Station, and secure their co-operation as well as that of the other mission¬ aries in advancing the interests of the common work. We should add that Dr. Stewart of Lovedale, and others well qualified to express an independent judgment on Miss MacRitchie’s abilities as a teacher, confirm us in the opinion we have been led to form, that the best interests of the school are safe in her hands, and that, with improved accommodation and increased facilities, the Emgwali school will render very valuable results in the religious and social elevation of the people. During last year Miss MacRitchie was assisted by Mr. William Soga (who has now gone to Grey’s Hospital, King William’s Town, to prosecute his medical studies), also by Kate Dikweni and Lydia Maqubela, and by Sukuza, who assists in the house work. The assistants in the mission-work at Emgwali are (1) Zazi Soga, who interprets for Mr. Cumming at his morning service, and is otherwise of great assistance to him in the work of the Station generally. He occasionally takes a Sabbath evening service at one of the out-stations, and holds, besides, one service weekly. His salary is £30, paid by the Board. (2) Tobe, who draws a salary of £15, paid by Eglinton Street congregation. He goes round the farms, visiting the natives employed on them, arid has been successful in leading many to the Saviour. (3) Petros Festiri Soga, who is temporarily engaged as Mr. Stirling’s teacher and interpreter, at a salary of £30, paid by the Board. We are hopeful that his services may not be very long required in this capacity, but he is one of those who s.eemed to us well fitted to be trained and employed as native agents, as we have suggested in the latter part of our Report. There are seven out-stations presently connected with the Central Station at Emgwali. B Emgwali. Efficiency. Religions Training.. Relation of t.l Teacher to ti Board. Miss Mac¬ Ritchie. Native Assistants. Petros. Out-3f:uions. 18 Emgwali. Lujilo. Bolo. Memena. Quanti. Tunxo (Henderson). Sale of Henderson. 1. Lujilo. —Situated sixteen miles to the east. This was formerly occupied as a principal station by Mr. James Davidson, and afterwards by Mr. Auld. But in the late war the Mission buildings were destroyed, and after the war the natives were sent across the Kei, and settled in what had been Galekaland. As compensation so far for the loss sustained, the Board received £400 on surrendering the Mission property to the Colonial Government, which was the more readily agreed to as the country is now, comparatively speaking, depopulated, the whole popula¬ tion of the district being about 200. There being now no church, a monthly service is held in the native farm of Camplands, in the neighbour¬ hood. This is usually conducted by one of the evangelists or elders, and the attendance is about 25. 2. Bold. —Situated seven miles north-north-east from Emgwali. The population of this district is about 300. The native services are held at Tabalanga, in the neighbourhood, there being two meetings each Sabbath, conducted by one of the elders, or by the missionary when he visits this out-station. The average attendance is about 50. There is an English service once a month, conducted by Mr. Stirling, the attendance averaging 25. The emigrants are building a little church at Bolo, measuring 24 ft. by 12 ft., and purpose opening a Sabbath school. 3. Memena. —There is a monthly service, conducted by the elders, at Mr. Hart’s farm here (which is about eighteen miles distant), for the farm servants and one or two native kraals in the neighbourhood. The average attendance is 12, and the population on farm and kraals number about 20 altogether. 4. Quanti.— This was formerly Chief Fynn’s place, about twenty miles from Emgwali. Fynn is now removed to Galekaland, and the district is occupied by a Christian community. The leading man is anxious to have a teacher settled here. The population of the district is about 200, of whom 125 are natives. Three of the Emgwali elders reside here, and Beish, the elder, conducts meetings in a native hut. Mr. Stirling has also officiated in a farm-house near, the attendance on the occasion being 12. 5. Tunxe (Henderson). —This was formerly Mr. Chalmers’ Station. After his removal to Grahamstown, Mr. Lundie was appointed to succeed him, but the outbreak of the war prevented him entering upon the work here. After the war the Gaikas were removed from this district also to Transkei, and the whole population is now about 150, one-third Europeans and two-thirds natives. This may be somewhat increased when the farms remaining to be disposed of are taken up. There are 10 Christian families living on the Mission ground, 15 other families were removed from the neighbourhood across the Kei the week we were at Emgwali. The build- ings of the Station are standing, but have suffered considerable damage during the troubles. The church roof is off, and the front wall needs rebuilding. The windows of the manse are out, and it needs some other repairs. But unless there were any prospect of this being again occupied as a principal Station, such outlay is unadvisable. We have reported specially (page 39) as to the restoration of this Station, and need not advert to it further here, except to say that if our view of the case com¬ mend itself to the Board, it will probably be wise at no distant day to dispose of the Mission property here, as, indeed, it was suggested in Presby¬ tery should be done now. The ground consists of 598 - 88 acres, and the title, dated 13th June 1874, is in Mr. Cumming’s hands. Nikani, the resident evangelist here, was present at the communion 19 service at Emgwali on 1st July 1883, and we learned from him the parti¬ culars of the good work he is doing in this outlying corner of the field. The Station is thirty miles distant from Emgwali by waggon-road, and twenty by footpath direct over the mountains. On alternate Sabbath morn¬ ings Nikani visits three farms in one direction, or two in another, holding short services at each, and gathering the people to the public service at twelve, which is attended by 30 to 40. At two o’clock there is a Sabbath school, with 3 teachers, 40 scholars on roll, and attendance 30. He has a candidates’ class on Tuesday, with an attendance of 8, and a prayer meeting on Thursday, attended by 20. The women’s prayer meeting has an attend¬ ance of 15. His daughter, Maggie Montsayi, teaches the day-school, receiv¬ ing a Government grant of .£30. She is assisted by Miriam Madolo, who has a Government grant of £15. There are 46 scholars on the roll, 28 girls and 18 boys, and the average attendance is 36. There are 27 members at Henderson included in the Emgwali communion roll. They contributed, last year, £29, 10s. to Girls’ School Building Fund, and it is an indication of the spiritual condition of the people, that on a single day’s notice two- thirds of them were present at the Lord’s table, notwithstanding the long distance they had to travel. Nikani himself is one of the most spiritual and shrewd sensible Kaffirs we met. 6. Sentani.— This farm is at the mouth of the Thomas river, near the former Somerville Station, formerly an out-station of Henderson. The population is now only about 30, including 3 or 4 Christian families, mostly Wesleyans. One of the elders who reside in this direction conducts an occasional service here. 7. Tembani.— This farm, situated about 7 miles west from Emgwali, is occupied by Mr. Pringle of the Glenthorn family. The population is increasing in the neighbourhood, and is estimated at about 250. The people are anxious for a monthly service here, and it is hoped that it may be possible to arrange for this when Mr. Stirling returns from Mbulu. III. PATERSON (MBULU). Under this name are included the principal Station of Mbulu and the numerous and important out-stations of which it is the centre. When Kreli, with his Galekas, became a fugitive after the Cattle-killing Scheme in 1857, the Transkei, the country between the Kei and Bashee rivers, was for the time almost depopulated. Kreli was afterwards permitted to re-occupy a portion of the territory to the south of Butterworth ; and the remaining portion of his country to the west of the Butterworth Road, after being offered in succession to the Gaikas and Tambookies, was given to the Fingoes resident in the Colony, and in what was then known as British Kaffraria. They accepted the gift, and without wholly quitting the Colony, took possession in large numbers of this choice land, now known as Fingoland. They have continued to prosper in their new circumstances. There is no part of Kaffraria so well cultivated, or where the huts and habits of the people give such marked proof of progress in civilisation. They have made many excellent roads through the country, and with a view to their social and religious advancement have been fore¬ most in their readiness to contribute for the erection of schools and churches. For the great Free Church School at Blythswood they raised £4500, in three collections of £1500 each. In the war troubles they have always Emgwai.i. Work at Tunxe. Sentani. Tembani. PATKitrox. Condition of Fingoland. 20 Mmn.u, Rev. James Davidson. The Congrega lion. The Manse. been staunch in their loyalty, and fought on the side of the British, to whose favour, as well as to their own industry and thrift, they owe much of their present prosperity. When, in 1865, the Fingoes were thus settled in the north-western, and the Galelcas allowed to return to the south and eastern portions of the Transkei, an extension into that region was made by the various Missionary Societies. The Wesleyans have a large Mission radiating from Butterworth as a centre ; and the Free Church, beginning with Cunningham Station at Toleni, have now two principal Stations, Main and Idutywa (besides Blythswood), which have branched off from it, and numerous out-stations in addition, affording prospect of further extension, to connect with their Stations in Natal. About the same time Mbulu was occupied by our Church. A number of Fingo Christians who had removed from Emgwali had settled at Mbulu Kweza, but this was not judged a suitable spot for a station, the locality being inaccessible and confined. Tiyo Soga, however, found what he regarded as a splendid site in the Mbulu, the land of Chief Moni, and the result has shown the wisdom of the selection. When Mr. Sclater (now of Manchester) entered upon the work as fir.-t missionary at Mbulu, in 1866, the nucleus of the church there, and at the surrounding out-stations, consisted of 43 members, who had removed from other stations to settle in Fingoland. When Mr. Sclater came home (not to return as it proved), Major Malan, in his absence, occupied the Station and contributed to the development of the work, and in 1876, when Mr. James Davidson took up the Station (removing from Lujilo), he found an aggregate membership of 289. The work has continued to make steady progress, and, notwithstanding losses through the war, and ordinary changes by death and removal to other districts, there is now a membership of 616, with a session consisting of • 21 elders. During last year 134 were admitted as Church members, of whom 127 were baptized on making a public profession of their faith. There are besides 273 in the fourteen candidates’ classes, and the aggregate attendance on the Sabbath services at the Station and out-stations, is 1340. There are ten Sabbath schools, with 49 teachers, and 452 scholars on the roll; average attendance 400. The communion is dispensed at Mbulu, and also at Incisininde and Izolo, alternately. The average number of communicants at the latter places is 220, and at Mbulu 250. There are nine day-schools with 550 scholars. The teachers’ salaries amount to £420, of which £250 consists of Government Grants, £95 of scholars’ fees, and £75 is paid by the Board. The manse at Mbulu is a commodious and comfortable house—stone foundation, brick and cement, with thatch roof. Some repairs are needed, the roof and the verandah particularly requiring attention. It occupies an admirable site on a slight elevation at the head of the Mbulu valley, between two streams, and at the base of beautifully wooded mountains. It commands a magnificent view along the fertile valley down towards the Tsomo river, and away to the mountains about the Kei. From the heights above on the way to Lutuli, the lofty Stormberg Range to the north comes into view. There is a good garden, well stocked with orange and other fruit trees. The church is on the height behind. It is built of stone and brick, with iron roof, and accommodates about 600. It has cost about £1000, of which fully one-half has been contributed by the natives. There is a debt of £150, towards liquidation of which £70 has been granted by the Board, and the remainder will be cleared off on Mr. Davidson’s return. In the meantime the church serves also for the day-school. There are 100 21 scholars. The teacher has a salary of £70, made up of Government grant Mrolu. £40, fees £20, and £10 from Board. There are 108 members at Mbulu, - with 3 elders resident, one of whom, John Ntintili, receives £10 as evan¬ gelist to the Kweza, paid by the Mbulu congregation. The Mission ground extends to only 12 acres. The population of the Mbulu district, including Mbulukweza, is about 1250. The population of the whole of Paterson Station, including Mbulu and its out-stations, is between 9000 and 10,000. These out-stations we now take up in detail. Out-Stations. 1. Lutuli.— About ten miles to the north; has a population of 900. Lutuli. There are 4 elders here, one of them being William Ngikilana, the head¬ man, and a very influential and useful office-bearer. There are 70 members and 30 candidates. The attendance at church, 150. There are 4 Sabbath-school teachers and 40 scholars. The day-scliool has 75 scholars. The teacher, James Dungwane (who would do well to be trained for an Dung-wane, evangelist as he desires), has £55 of salaiy (£30 from Government, £15 fees, and £10 from Board). He is assisted by his sister, who has £10 from Government. There are 5 acres of ground here allotted for teacher’s garden. The church, which is of stone foundation, brick, and thatch, holds 250, and cost £250, of which £100 was contributed by the people. 2. Esigubudweni. —About eleven miles to the north-east of Mbulu; EUgubudweni. has a population of 600. There are 60 members here, with 2 elders, one of them being Mali we Ntlate, the resident evangelist, who has a salary of £15, of which £8 is contributed by the people. The attendance averages about 130. Fifteen converts were baptized here last year, and there are 30 candidates now under instruction. There are 5 Sabbath-school teachers and 60 scholars. The church is of wattle and daub, but there is a new one in course of erection, to hold 250. The evangelist has a hut and 5 acres of ground. The day-school held in the church has 50 scholars, and the teacher’s salary is £50 (£30 from Government, £10 fees, and £10 from Board). 3. Cibala. —This is situated about nine miles to the north of Mbulu, Cibala. but is separated from Lutuli by a bend of the Tsomo river. The popula¬ tion is 600. Membership, 55, with 2 elders, one of them being the resident evangelist, Gontsana. His salary is £15, of which £8 is con¬ tributed by the people ; and he has a hut and 5 acres of ground. The church is of wattle and daub, and holds 140. The usual attendance is about 120. There were twelve converts baptized last year, and there are 20 remaining in the candidates’ classes. The Sabbath school has 6 teachers and 35 scholars, and the day-school 40 scholars, the teacher’s salary being £45 (£30 Government grant, £10 fees, and £5 from Board). 4. Incisininbe.— This Station is situated about twenty miles north-east Incisininde. from Mbulu, in one of the most fertile valleys we saw in the Transkei. We reached it from Blythswood, about twelve miles to the south, and had services on Sabbath, 8th July, which were crowded, some of the Izolo people coming over the mountain to be present, and a number of heathen also attending. The population is about 1800, and there are 180 members, 40 of whom were admitted last year by baptism. There are, besides, 60 in the candidates’ class. The Sabbath school has 8 teachers and 100 scholars, and the day-school 80 scholars, the teacher’s salary being £50 (£30 from Government, £10 fees, and £10 from Board), with the usual 5 acres of ground for garden. The church is of stone, with iron roof; holds 250, and is usually full. It cost £580, of which the people have paid £110, and have £120 yet to pay. There are 2 elders resident here. 5. Izolo.— This is situated about twenty-five miles’ distance east from ^ >lo. Mbulu.. Fumba. Upper Xolobe. Lower Xolobe. Mbassa. Gxwasliu. The Work. 9 0 Mbulu, and five miles from Incisininde. The population is about 400. There are 70 members, with 3 elders. The attendance is about 200. Eight converts w'ere baptized last year, and there are 20 candidates. The church is of brick, with stone foundation and iron roof. It cost £400, of which the people paid £270. The Sabbath school has 5 teachers and 50 scholars, and the day-school has 110 scholars, the teacher’s salary being £52 (£30 Government grant, £12 fees, and £10 from Board), besides garden. This teacher, Fumba, interpreted for us at Incisininde, and is another of the men we would like to see trained and employed as evangelists. 6 . Upper Xolobe. —This is situated about six miles to the north-west of Mbulu. There is a population of 900. Five members reside here, and about 30 attend service. There are 23 candidates, 2 Sabbath-school teachers with 12 scholars, and 25 children in the day-school, the teacher’s salary being £33, with garden (£20 Government grant, £8 fees, and £5 from Board). There is evidently much to be done in this district, and it seems as if a resident elder or evangelist were urgently required. The chui'ch, which would accommodate 120, is a wattle and daub building of superior construction, and cost about £40, of which £30 was contributed by the people. 7. Lower Xolobe. —The Out-station under this name includes only part of the Lower Xolobe district and a portion also of the Quanti district. It is situated about seven miles west from Mbulu ; has a population of 900. There are 48 members here, with 4 elders. The attendance on Sabbath services is 140. 22 converts were baptized last year, and there are 25 in the candidates’ classes. The church is of wood, holds 150, and cost £30, which was wholly defrayed by the people. There are 8 teachers and 50 scholars in the Sabbath school, and 40 scholars in the day-school. Teacher’s salary, £40, with garden (£20 Government grant, £5 fees, and £15 from Board). 8. Mbassa. —This Station is to the south of Lutuli. The population is about 300. There are 5 members here, and an attendance at service of about 50. There is one Sabbath-school teacher, with 15 scholars, and 30 pupils in the day-school. The teacher’s salary, £25, with garden (£20 Government grant, and £5 from fees). The church is of wattle and daub, and holds about 50. It cost £10, which was paid by the people. 9. Gxwashu. —Situated about thirty miles north-west of Mbulu. The population is estimated at 1800. There are 15 members here, 6 of whom were baptized last year. There are also 15 candidates. The Sabbath attendance is 120. The Sabbath school has 3 teachers, with 20 scholars. There is no day-school as yet. France Yimbela is evangelist here, and receives a salary of £15, of which £3, 10s. is paid by the people. The church is of wattle and daub, and was erected by the people at a cost of £10. At all these Stations there are prayer meetings for the women on Monday, and conducted by the elders on Tuesday and Friday, besides the prayer meeting conducted by the missionary every Wednesday in the church at Mbulu. The particulars thus enumerated give some idea of the vast work de- volving on the missionary at this important Station. The difficulty of overtaking it is much greater than appears. For the mountainous nature of the country to be traversed in going from station to station adds greatly to the time required and to the fatigue incurred. The Presbytery at one time proposed that Mr. Davidson should be relieved of Incisininde and Izolo, and that these should be formed into a separate station under an- 23 other missionary. We were at first disposed to look favourably on this suggestion, but we have come to the opinion that these places would form rather a charge for such a qualified native evangelist as we desire to see employed with suitable remuneration, and might soon be settled as self- supporting under a native pastor, subject to the superintendence of the missionary at Mbulu. Some arrangement must soon be come to, for it is evident that without such relief one man cannot do justice to all this work and reasonably expect to preserve his health ; and besides, there is ample opportunity for further extension, and, notwithstanding the great success which has crowned the work by the blessing of God, there is a vast amount of heathenism yet to be overcome within the bounds of Paterson Station itself. There are numerous heathen kraals at Mbulu and at every out-station included in this great and populous territory. When we visited Mbulu on Sabbath, 15th July 1883, we were greatly cheered by the large gathering of people to the communion service, and also by our intercourse with the people, and specially with the able and earnest men who constitute the session. But we were also saddened to see that so much darkness yet remained existing alongside of so much Gospel light. We look to an extended and self-supporting native agency to meet the requirements of the work. That those people are capable of being trained in Christian liberality we had personal evidence ; and it is attested by the fact that last year their church collections amounted to £60, and the money value of their subscriptions in kind to £340, while for buildings, repairs, etc. there was given in labour to the value of £150, making a total for last year of £570, or an average of 18s. lOd. per member. Mbulu. One or two 'Native Evan¬ gelists or Pastors needed. IV. ADELAIDE. This town is situated on the Koonap, a tributary of the great Fish river, about fifty miles north of Grahamstown and fifteen miles east of Bedford, and about twenty-five miles from Glenthorn. It stands on an extensive plain near the base of the Kroomie Mountains, and not far from the Water- kloof, celebrated in the history of the Kaffir wars as one of the most impregnable native fastnesses. A costly Dutch church forms the central object round which the town is built. And the whole area covered by the town is very large, compared with the extent of its population. It seems to have been built in outline, but the outline never filled up. There is an Episcopal church also in the place with very High Church tendencies. Mr. Peter Davidson, formerly minister of High Street, Brechin, was settled in 1862 as minister of a Union church in Adelaide, which had been started the previous year. The cause was not a successful one, and in February 1871 the Mission Board received him as one of its missionaries, on the ground that he had given his attention largely to the woi'k among the natives, and on the terms specified in a Minute of Presbytery, ‘ that with occasional services to the Europeans he be regarded as the missionary to the natives.’ At that time there were 9 European members and 55 native members, besides 10 candidates. The attendance at the two Sabbath schools was 63, and at the day-school, 37. The contributions amounted to £96, 5s. 2d. The church is of brick, rough cast, with stone foundation, wooden ceiling, and iron roof, and is in good condition, having been lately under repair. The church cost about £1000, and £300 has lately been spent on improvements. It is seated for about 200. Attached Adelaide. The Town. Eev. r. Davidson. The Church. Adelaide. Tlio Land. The Native Church. House. The English Congregation. The Native Congregation. Out-station. Day-school. to it is a considerable piece of ground, the titles to which in the name of the Presbytery are in the hands of the Presbytery Clerk, as also the titles of another large piece of ground adjoining made over to the Presbytery by the London Missionary Society, which relinquished in our favour the Mission it had intended to establish in Adelaide, and for which this ground had been acquired. This ground meanwhile stands vacant, and we have suggested that it should be enclosed. It was not found desirable to build a native church upon it as originally intended. In 1873 Mr. Davidson acquired for the native work the church formerly occupied by the Dutch congregation in Queen Street, which, since the erection of the bridge over the Koonap, has become the main thoroughfare of the town. The native church is a brick building with thatched roof. It is seated for 250, and is used also as a native school. There is a house of seven rooms adjoining, let for £3, 10s. per month (10s. of which goes to the teacher in lieu of a room), with half an acre of good garden ground. This property cost about £300, which was raised in the Colony. It had been previously sold by the Dutch congregation to one of its members for £850. His anxiety to part with it at such a great sacrifice arose from superstitious fears as to diverting to another purpose an edifice erected for the worship of God. The property is valued now at £800 to £1000. But though the site is undoubtedly a good one, we doubt if this sum could be realized. The buildings are insured for £G00, at a cost of £6, 3s. The titles to this property also stand in name of the Presbytery. And it has to be noted that all these buildings at Adelaide have been acquired without cost to the Home Church. We held week evening services both in the European and native churches, also anniversary Sabbath services in both on 5th August 1883. We also called on a number of the members, met with the Managing Committee, and addressed the annual meeting of the congregation. The English congregation numbers now 33 members, with no elder. Last year there were five removals and no accession. There is a Bible- class, with 25 on the roll, and attendance 18. It is held in conjunction with the prayer meeting, the total attendance at which is about 30. In the Sabbath school there are 4 teachers and 43 scholars on the roll; average attendance 30. The native church has 71 members in full communion, with 5 elders of different nationalities. The attendance on Sabbath services is about 300. There are three services, the morning and evening conducted by the evangelist, and the afternoon by Mr. Davidson. Last year 7 members were admitted, 2 of them by baptism, and 4 removed. There are three weekly prayer meetings—one on Monday, conducted by the evangelist and elders ; another on Thursday, conducted by Mr. Davidson, and another at Koonap out-station, conducted by members, besides many little meetings at the native kraals. At the native location a Kaffir elder gathers the people in the early morning to a prayer meeting before they go into town for the work of the day, in domestic service or otherwise. There is a Sabbath school, with 3 teachers and 30 scholars on the roll, and an attendance of 20. There is now only one out-station, at the Upper Koonap; the other stations, at Kroomie, Cowie, and Waterkloof, having been given up. In the day-school there are 32 scholars on the roll, and the attendance is stated at 27. There were not half that number present when we visited the school, but the session had just begun, and the school may not have fully assembled. Miss Pringle, the new teacher, is to receive a Govern- Adelaide, ment grant of £30, the fees* estimated at £20, and £G for rent of room. It lias to be noted with satisfaction that two of the young men of the English congregation are personally interesting themselves in Gospel temperance work among the natives. We trust this example may be largely followed. Were the European congregation to take more part in the work among the natives, tire cause would speedily become more prosperous in every way, and specially in the department of finance, which cannot well be left in native hands. The evangelist, William Plaatyes (a Gaika), has been engaged here for fifteen years. His salary, £25, is paid by the Board, but he only gives a part of his time to the work, being employed in business through the week. Considering that Mr. Davidson is not able to itinerate as formerly, and that the evangelist thus gives only partial service, the evangelizing in the surrounding district, which is said to have 2000 natives within a radius of 8 miles, can hardly be overtaken so satisfactorily as could be wished. And it is evident from the outline of the work that has been supplied by Mr. Davidson, that the circumstances are changed since the arrangement made by the Board in 1871, and that he cannot now be regarded as a missionary to the natives, ‘giving occasional services to the Europeans,’ but rather as minister of a Colonial congregation, taking an interest in the natives around. This change of circumstances makes the case somewhat similar to that of Somerset, and it is important to keep this in view in any future arrangements that have to be made. At the annual meeting of the congregation the feeling was expressed by them that Mr. Davidson’s emoluments were insufficient. He receives at present £250, with a further sum of £50 in name of rent for the house in which he resides. Were the stipend raised to £300 with £50 for house rent, we believe it would not be equivalent to the minimum stipend at home of £200 and a manse. And the Board would do well to encourage the people in making more adequate provision for their minister. We recommend that the congregation should be allowed to take the charge of their financial affairs into their own hands, and arrange for paying a higher stipend, if they will undertake it; and that to assist them in doing so the Board should grant them a fixed sum to be paid as supplement for a given term of years, the amount of the supplement to be then readjusted as circumstances may require, as is done in the case of congregations receiving aid from the Augmentation Fund at home. The whole expendi¬ ture, subject to such definite supplement, should be met by the congregation, and the rents of the property in Adelaide go into its funds. Possibly it might be well at the outset for the Mission Board to pay the salary of the native agent, but these two payments, the supplement to the stipend and the evangelist’s salary, should be the only items thereafter appearing in the Mission Board’s accounts in connection with Adelaide. We believe that were the matter definitely put upon this footing, it would terminate a sense of dependence, which is not conducive to the development of the congregation’s resources, and leaves it in an anomalous position as com¬ pared with other congregations in the Presbytery, such as Somerset and Tarkastad. AVe do not propose that the congregation or the minister should be thrown adrift, but that the necessary aid should be given in such a way as to leave current expenses to be regulated by those who really pay them, and foster more of the spirit of self-support. That no great subsidy will be long required we may venture to hope, when we find the contributions of the European congregation last year to have been for ordinary purposes £105, for missionary and benevolent purposes £13, The Evan¬ gelist. Mr. Pavidson’s Work. Proposed Arrangements as to {Stipend. 26 A delator. COLUMBA. Galekas and Gaikas. Rev. Jas. M. Auld. Population and Extent. and for repairs and improvements on church building £222—in all, .£340, besides which £36 was drawn for rents of property. The native congrega¬ tion contributed only £21, 11s. 9d. We believe more would be raised among them were they to understand that the obligation of maintaining ordinances rests upon them as well as upon the English congregation, and were some business men among the latter, who have the confidence of the natives, to edve a little attention to the finance of the native church. We are encouraged in making these suggestions by the fact, that m the neighbouring town of Bedford, which we were assured at Adelaide is inferior to the latter in a business point of view, we found the Congre- gationalist church self-supporting, and worshipping in a beautiful little building; and the native church, which had been fostered in connection with it, now also a self-supporting congregation, under a native pastor with a stipend of £150. In contrast with this it is not satisfactory to have such items as beadle’s salary, church lighting and cleaning, and communion elements, for a congregation in the more important Colonial town of Adelaide figuring in our Mission accounts. It may require a little care at first to get matters adjusted on what we suggest as a better footing, but in the end we are satisfied that the change will be for the advantage of all concerned. V. COLUMBA. Simultaneously with the opening of the Mission to the Fingoes, referred to in reporting on Paterson Station, work was begun among the G-alekas by the joint Presbyteries of the Free and United Presbyterian Churches. Ultimately this Mission also was undertaken by our Church, and Tiyo Soga removed from Emgwali to Tutura in 1867. In the following year he was joined by Mr. Gird wood who laboured with him for a time, and then removed to a station of his own at Quolora. Tiyo Soga died on 12th August 1871, and the following year Mr. Leslie was removed from Glen- thorn to Tutura. In 1874, Mr. Dewar took up the work at Quolora, which had been vacated by Mr. Girdwood some time before. The out¬ break of the Galeka war in the end of 1877 drove both Mr. Dewar and Mr. Leslie from their stations, Mr. Dewar to find other service as minister of Tarkastad, and Mr. Leslie to seek shelter and share the work to the last at Emgwali, and to find there a premature grave. After the war the Galekas were not suffered to return to the territory formerly held by them, to which the Gaikas from the Cis-Kei were transferred. Mr. Auld speedily followed the Gaikas, some of whom had been connected with his former station of Lujilo. In October 1878 he settled on the station at Kobonqaba, the headquarters of the extensive Mission district now known as Columba, and including the country formerly reached from Tutura and Quolora. The population, when we visited Kobonqaba, was stated at about 8000. It must now be considerably more, for we heard of people from different districts being removed to the neighbourhood of Tutura. The district is a very extensive one, including all the land between the Quolora and the Qora rivers, and extending from the Indian Ocean to the Centani Hill, twenty-five miles inland. The nature of the country makes it more difficult to traverse. It is a continuous succession of steep hills, in some parts covered with bush, and intersected by deep ravines and rivers. Three and sometimes four horses are found necessary to overtake the ordinary work of this large Station. The work, of course, is only as yet in a formative state, but already it assumes an appearance of con¬ solidation, wonderful considering the disturbed and excited condition of the people through their compulsory removal from their own country to be settled in Galekaland, and the fact that even yet this process of deporta¬ tion is going on, and causing a general feeling of insecurity as to tenure. Notwithstanding all these obstacles, Mr. Auld has got the work of the Station well in hand. There are already 71 names on the communion roll, the increase last year being 31, of whom 9 were admitted by baptism. There are besides 40 candidates under instruction. The attendance on Sabbath services is 230. There are three prayer meetings, with an attend¬ ance of 50; four Sabbath schools, with G teachers, 170 scholars, and an average attendance of 90; and five Bible-classes, with an average attendance of 48. The Mission land at the head Station consists of about 400 acres, forming a peninsula enclosed by the winding of the Kobonqaba river. The church stands on the ridge of this tongue of land. It is a brick building, 40 ft. by 20, with thatched roof.' Much of the work was gratui¬ tously done—the women carried the water from the river below, and the men worked at the building, the missionary himself doing much of the building with his own hand. The actual money outlay was £175, which Mr. Auld raised without any grant from the Board. The church is very neat, well lighted, and comfortable. The same cannot be said for the wattle and daub hut in which the missionary has been living till now. The surrounding scenery is certainly beautiful, and it must be still more striking in the summer season than when we saw it in mid-winter, but we think with regret of the circumstances in which, for the furtherance of the Gospel, the missionary and his family have been obliged to live for the last five years. By this, as well as by the strain of over-work and anxiety, Mr. Auld’s health has been unduly tried ; and if suitable arrangements for the work can be made, the Board should not allow him to continue too long without a furlough. In the new house, which was approaching completion at the date of our visit, the missionary’s family will be very differently accommodated. On this building we have reported under the special question relating to it, so it is not necessary to refer to it here. Only we must call attention to the fact that it has been proceeded with, and money granted by the Board towards the cost, without a proper title to the land on which the expensive buildings are erected being first pro¬ cured. We saw in the Presbytery Clerk’s hands a letter, of date 26th February 1883, from the office of the Commissioner of Crown Lands and Public Works, stating that the Surveyor-General had been instructed to prepare title in favour of the Mission to the piece of ground in question. We recommend the Board to keep this matter before its attention, and have a copy of the survey and extract of the title sent home. And in future this should be insisted upon before expensive erections are sanc¬ tioned. At the principal out-stations—Leslie, Teko, Zezani, Lower Kobonqaba, and Lower Quolora—churches have been erected in the shape of wattle and daub square huts, with two windows and door. These also serve for school purposes. At all of these out-stations, except the last, and also at the head Station, there are day-schools, with an aggregate of 149 scholars, and average attendance of 100. The salaries of the teachers amount in all to £140, 10s., of which £85 is obtained in Government grants, £57 is paid by the Board, and only £4, 10s. is derived from school fees. At Mr. Col.UMUA. The Work. Tlie Mission Land. The Church. Mr. Atild’s present House. Furlough. The New House. Title. Out-stations. Day-seliools. Teachers. 28 Columra. Evangelists. Henry Pestiri. Native Evangelists needed. T'utura. Tiyo Soga’s Grave. Malax. Auld’s request we pressed the duty of paying for their children’s education on the attention of the people, and the irregularity of the attendance indicates the necessity for this. Mr. Auld has only two paid assistants in all the evangelistic work of this great territory. Jahn Booy, evangelist at Centuli and Teko, and Bukani, at Lower Quolora and Lower Kobonqaba, who receive £15 each, specially contributed for their support. Ludidi Gongwana, the teacher at Teko, does a good deal of evangelistic work. And Henry Festiri, a nephew of Tiyo Soga, teacher at Kobonqaba, seemed well qualified to be set apart for evangelistic service. Mr. Auld has long wished this, but there is difficulty on the score of remuneration. As a teacher he earns £32, while his cousin, interpreting at the magistrates’ office, receives £96. At Middle and also at Upper Quolora, at Nxaxo and at Manubi, there is great need for evangelists. And we are strongly of opinion that, by the judicious employment of such native agency, the work will be greatly furthered. We have elsewhere brought this matter under the notice of the Board, but advert to it here, because it seems that justice cannot be done to the great work among this large heathen population unless the missionary’s hands are strengthened by the appointment of several trained evangelists. In this opinion we are confirmed by Mr. Girdwood, formerly missionary of our Church, and now the resident magistrate in the Centani district. He was present at the largely attended meeting which we held in the Kobonqaba church, and took part in the service, being able, like Mr. Auld, to address the meeting freely in Kaffir. Mr. Girdwood is taking an interest in the work of the Mission, and has services every Sabbath at the Magistracy. It is a question Mr. Auld will shortly be called to face, whether another out- station will have to be opened at or near Tutura. The country around was empty when we visited the spot, but we understand it is being rapidly settled with natives from the Cis-Kei. The old wattle and daub church has disappeared, only the outline of the site can now be traced. The manse is in a very ruinous condition, and the longer it is allowed to stand the less chance there seems of anything being realized from it. There is no title to the land which was granted by Kreli for the Station, some 300 acres ; but so far as we could learn, the Government is likely to recognise the Church’s right of property. If, however, the place can be utilized in connection with the work in the recently changed circumstances, it might be well to settle a native evangelist there, and some return might be obtained for the land that might go far to defray the cost of his support. We visited Tiyo Soga’s grave in the garden of the manse. It is maitked off by a heap of rough stones piled above his resting-place, and it does not seem as it should be, or as w r e believe the Church would wish, that there is no tablet to indicate the grave of this gifted and noble-hearted servant of God. YI. MALAN. In 1875, Major Malan opened a station at Uxolo on the Tshtshongo, among Lindingxiwa’s people in Eastern Galekaland. A church and a small wooden dwelling-house were erected at the Station, which was occupied for a time by European evangelists (chiefly Mr. Noble) under the supervision of Mr. Leslie. At the outbreak of the war the buildings were burned up. After the country began to be settled again, ineffectual attempts were made to resume missionary operations at this Station. Mr. Lundie, who was quartered for the time at Kobonqaba, succeeded in getting a school opened at Shixini, and even dispensed the communion there to some Kaffir Christians from the Colony and various parts of the country ; but his endeavours to get a site from Government for a station at Shixini failed, and the chief was removed to another tract of country. In this new territory, a site was obtained and a grant of 400 acres of land given by Government. The Station is named Malan in memory of the Christian soldier who took such a warm interest in our Kaffrarian Missions. It is situated on a small stream named the Ngadu, a tributary of the Twaninga river, about fifteen miles east of Ibeka. On 4th December 1881, Mr. Lundie removed to Malan, and the Station had thus been only about a year and a half in existence at the date of our visit. It is the only station we have now among the Galekas, for Mr. Auld’s station, though situated in what was formerly known as Galekaland, is really a Gaika station. Lindingxiwa, who is a brother of Kreli, remained loyal during the Avar. He took part with his brother against the Fingoes, but refused to go on with hostilities when it became apparent that it was to be a Avar Avith the British. That is the reason of his tribe being alloAved to remain in the Transkei, Avhile the Galekas, Avith Kreli, have been driven across the Bashee, The country is wild, like its inhabitants. While they are evidently a brave people, the Galekas impressed us as being the most untamed and untameable Kaffirs Ave met; and yet one of the most interest¬ ing and impressive ser\dces Ave had Avas at Malan, on 12th July 1883. Mr. Lundie has the ear of the people and the goodAYill of the chiefs. On the occasion referred to Lindingxiwa was present, and also Isijako, son of Ivwaza, the chief of the Quora district. The red heathen gathered in large numbers, and filled the church to overflowing. They listened attentively to the Gospel message, and joined reverently in the devotions. The population of the district is stated at 5000. The head Station Avas planted among a people entirely heathen, but there is already an attendance of about 30 at service. At Shixini, to the east, there are more Christians, and the attendance there is 80, this being the only out-station as yet, where a building has been erected for the meetings. The Quora district, Avhere Kwaza’s people are settled, extends from Ibeka to the sea, and Avould afford a good field for a native evangelist, and so also would the more distant out-stations to the east towards the Bashee. But in the meantime the work is only beginning, and much patient labour Avill be required before it is thoroughly organized. Even then it Avill be a task calling for much Christian courage to labour among this utterly heathen population. The statistics shovv, however, that even now a foundation has been laid. There are 210 in attendance at Sabbath services at the Station and out- stations, the numbers being 30, 80, 50, 20, and 30 respectively. There are 2 elders, and 69 members, of Avhom 21 Avere added last year. There are, besides, 66 candidates. There is one prayer meeting, with an attendance of 10; one Sabbath school with 2 teachers, and an attendance of 15 ; three Bible- classes for the candidates, Avith 66 on the roll, and 44 of an attendance. There is no evangelist on the Station, but several could be employed Avith great advantage. The only paid agents are the teacher at Malan, Joseph James, Avho has £30 of Government grant, and £15 from the Board, and the teacher at Shixini, Mapas Ntintili, Avho has <£30 of Government grant, and £10 from the people, and for whom £10 is wished from the Board. It is an indication how far back things are at Malan, that the teacher has to go out every day and hunt in his scholars. It is to be hoped that Mai. ax. Rev. John Lundie, The Galek:i?. Population and Extent of the Distrior. The Work. Native Evangelists needed. 30 Malax. The New House. Title. Somerset asd Glenavon. Tex. W. Leitli. The Church. The Manse. Stipend. Glemivon. Mission-work in Somerset, education will be encouraged here, for even among the Christians very- few can read, which is a hindrance to family worship, and prevents spiritual progress, and that the missionaries’ hands will be strengthened for the vast work before him by the accession of some earnest, native evangelist. Mr. Lundie and his family are living in a little square wattle and daub hut, portioned into two very small apartments. There is, besides, a round Kaffir hut which serves as kitchen, and another which does duty as study, spare bedroom, and store. It is to be hoped that the delays over the building of the new house will soon be at an end, and that the missionary and his family may be more comfortably located. About the new house we have reported in reply to the special question relating to it (page 40). The church is of wattle and daub, with mud floor. It is sufficient for the present need. In this case, as at Kobonqaba, the buildings have been sanctioned by the Board, and are being proceeded with before any title to the Mission land has been obtained. We recommend the Board to insist on this beim? o attended to, and to have a copy of the title sent home. We believe the ground at Malan has not even been surveyed. Regarding this Station, like the preceding, we would not despise the day of small things. In both we see with satisfaction the beginnings of what we trust will yet prove a great and successful work. VII. SOMERSET AND GLENAVON. The late Mr. Robert Hart of Glenavon left a sum of £1300 to endow a church in Somerset East, in accord with the Presbyterian churches in Scotland. Mr. Leith, minister of Airth, arrived on 25th December 1869, to be pastor of the church thus initiated. A church was built in 1872 at a cost of over £2000. The price was defrayed in 1876, and a manse fund arranged to be begun, but the church was wrecked by a severe gale of wind that year, and had to be rebuilt at a renewed cost of over £2000. The debt on this second building was cleared off last year, and a manse was then erected at a cost of about £1400. Part of the money has been lent, and part taken from the Endowment Fund, and the congregation is now setting itself to clear off these advances. Mr. Leith’s stipend from the congregation is £300, and he has to pay rent for the manse, in the meantime, at the same rate as he paid for house rent. The congregation is not large. There are 48 members, with one elder. The Sabbath school has a roll of 65, and attendance 50. With the exception of Mr. Hart’s bequest, the church has always been self-supporting. In the last eleven years it has raised £4000 for building purposes, and it has other £1400 to raise. Though the Somerset congregation is joined to the Presbytery of Kaffraria, the Mission Board has no connection with it, or responsibility in regard to its affairs. But since 1876, Mr. Leith has received an allow¬ ance from the Board for superintending mission-work at Glenavon and Somerset. At Glenavon there is an excellent brick and cemented church, capable of holding about 200, erected at the cost of the late Mr. Hart. In Somerset there is no church, but the Kaffir congregation have the use of a schoolroom belonging to the Hottentot congregation, the minister of the latter being allowed in turn the use of schoolroom at Witmoss Kloof out- station. The services in Somerset being morning and evening, Mr. Leith 31 devotes the afternoon to native -work. Three Sabbaths in the month he preaches in Somerset, and one he officiates in Glenavon. The evangelist employed under him, Daniel Vandala, officiates at Glenavon the other three Sabbaths. Vandala interprets for Mr. Leith at Glenavon, and Booy Sobikwa, an elder, or Scota, the court interpreter, at Somerset. At Glenavon there are 36 members and 14 inquirers. Prayer meetings on Monday and "Wednes¬ day, and an evening school four nights of the week. In the native church at Somerset there are 48 members. There is a weekly prayer meeting. There are 4 elders, common to both congregations. The natives here contributed last year £23, 12s. 7d., and they have recently made a move¬ ment among themselves to initiate a higher scale of giving. We were satisfied from the meetings we had, both at Glenavon and Somerset, that a good work is being done here. So far as we could learn, the work at the out-stations is also well attended to, though the evangelist finds it difficult to overtake it from want of a horse, the distances being very considerable, some of them thirty or thirty-five miles. As to the pecuniary arrangements of the agents, we received a state¬ ment from Mr. Leith in reference to his position in regard to the Fund for Educating Missionaries’ Children, but that matter seems to have been already disposed of by the Board. As to Mr. Leith’s remuneration for his work among the natives, we have elsewhere suggested that in view of the circumstances of the case an increase should be granted him, and this was strongly urged on our attention at the meeting of Presbytery. The evangelist also considered himself underpaid, and wrote us a letter after we had left Somerset stating the particulars of his income. His salary is £42. He states that for the work’s sake he accepted this, but finds it insufficient for his needs. In Port Elizabeth he was, prior to his appointment, earning £57, 12s. as a clerk, and £60 besides by teaching an evening school. We would suggest in Daniel Vandala’s case, that the matter should be laid before the native churches, and that they should charge themselves with the responsibility of raising what may be considered a proper salary for the evangelist. VIII. TABIC AST AD. This town is situated to the north of the Great Winterberg, about mid-way between Queenstown and Cradock. About fifteen years ago a committee was formed to arrange for a united service among the English residents, and raise a guarantee fund to provide for the maintenance of ordinances. Previous to this the pastor of the Dutch church had occasionally preached in English for their benefit. He cordially approved of their movement, and continues to take a kind interest in the cause. When Mr. Dewar’s station at Quolora was destroyed in the Galeka war, he was invited to become minister of the church at Tarkastad. With the approval of the Presbytery and the Mission Board, he accepted the call, and entered on his pastorate on 28th April 1878. The congregation became affiliated to the Presbytery, and since Mr. Leslie’s death, shortly after, Mr. Dewar has been Presbytery Clerk. The congregation has been self-supporting, the guarantee fund, however, being renewed. The stipend is £300, but £50 of this is by agreement contributed by the farmers who worship at Tarka, about eighteen miles distant, in a little Somerset. Evangelist. Congregation at Glenavon. Native Congregation at Somerset. Mr. Leith’s Salary. The Evan¬ gelist’s Salary. Taekastau. Eev. John Dewar. Stipend. 32 Tarkastad. Tlio Church. Small Native Congregation. Titles. Insurance. stone church erected by them at a cost of about £500. Mr. Dewar officiates there one Sabbath in the month, and dispenses the communion quarterly. On these occasions one of the elders officiates in the church at Tarkastad, conducting the devotional services and reading a printed sermon. For some time the Tarkastad congregation met in a building, in which the Wesleyans formerly held service. But this proved insufficient and uncomfortable, and a neat stone church was erected at a cost of £1900. It was opened on 30th April 1882, and there is a debt of £400 remaining to be cleared. There are 29 members in the Tarkastad con¬ gregation, with 2 elders. The attendance on Sabbath is about 100. The Sabbath school has 110 scholars on roll, attendance 80 to 90, with 8 teachers. There is no Bible-class, and the attendance at the Thursday prayer meeting is 7 or 8. The Tarka roll numbers 16, and the average attendance at the quarterly communion is 8. In connection with his monthly visit to Tarka, Mr. Dewar has had an interesting little native work going on during these years. Service is held in a waggon shed or barn, after the service with the farmers in the church, and a native congregation has been formed with 32 members and 3 elders, two Basuto and one Kaffir. The attendance is from 50 to 60. The latter was the number present on Sabbath, 22nd July, when Mr. Corsar went out with Mr. Dewar. The members of the native congregation contemplate the erection of a church, and have for some time been preparing materials. They may require a little assistance in completing the erection, and seem worthy of encouragement in such a way. It is believed that £50 would defray all that is required for builder and roof. MATTERS CONNECTED WITH MISSION PROPERTIES. There are two points connected with the Church properties that will yet require attention :— I. TITLES. We have called attention to the cases of Columba and Malan, in which the titles have yet to be procured, and suggest that copies of these be sent home. We have also recommended that in future care be taken in having a proper title before expensive buildings are authorized. We have further to suggest that the whole of the titles should be collected by the Presbytery Clerk, and deposited in the fire-proof safe of a bank in King William’s Town, where the Presbytery meetings are held, or in Tarkastad, where the Presbytery Clerk resides. It is not satisfactory that the titles should be in different hands, and exposed to risk of loss or fire in so many places, as at present. II. INSURANCE. We were over and over again assured that the Mission buildings at Emgwali and in the Transkei are uninsurable. We ascertained that buildings of very much greater value in those districts are not insured. But on our return, doubt was raised as to the accuracy of the statements we had heard regarding the unwillingness of the Insurance Offices to take 33 these risks. In some of the Colonial towns we were told that the property is insurable. We recommend that application should be made to some companies of standing here, who might communicate with their agents in South Africa, and inform the Board whether policies can be granted, and on what terms. THE PRESBYTERY. We are satisfied that the Presbytery has been of great service in the way of strengthening and extending the Mission. In the recent advance into the Transkei, and the still more recent resumption of work in the districts that were devastated by the war, the influence of the Presbytery was felt. It is necessary to have some constituted authority that can represent the Church in such matters. At the same time the Presbytery is too small to be felt as a power in the Colony, and especially for Colonial Church extension it is obvious that to have weight with the Colonists, and to command confidence and receive support for such movements from this country, a stronger body is needed, including those congregations that now form another Presbytery or are existing in an isolated position. The business men of the Colony might thus be brought into the Church Courts. At the meeting of Presbytery in July, there was not an elder present. We hope the difficulties in the way of union may be removed, and that both to Colonial and native work an impulse may thus be given. In the event of union, it would be desirable for the United Church to form itself into a Synod, with several Presbyteries, so that meetings might be more frequent, and attention given to congregational supervision as it cannot now be done. The cost of attending a meeting at present makes it impossible for the members to come together oftener, and the distances to be traversed involve a great sacrifice of time. According to present arrangements the Presbytery meets twice a year, in January and July, and there is a meeting also in September, usually a quorum in one district, to pass the estimates. The Presbytery are of opinion that this last business could be more efficiently discharged if taken up at the July meeting; and we would suggest to the Board to consider whether it can allow this to be done. REPORT ON SPECIAL QUESTIONS. We now proceed to report seriatim on the special points to which particular attention was directed in our Instructions. I. ALLOWANCES TO MISSIONARIES FOE TRAVELLING EXPENSES. In our Instructions it is stated under this head that ‘payments are made to the missionaries to meet expenses of travelling to meetings of Presbytery. Some have got grants of oxen and waggons. Some have asked for horses. Should these expenses be met by occasional grants ? or by stated annual payments ? or should the salaries of the missionaries be increased, and these expenses met by themselves? ’ 0 Special Questions. The Presby¬ tery. Estimates. Allowances for Travelling. 34 Special Questions. Expenses of attending; Meetings of Presbytery. "Waggons. Horses. Salaries of tlie Missionaries. Recommenda- tion. We have ascertained the actual cost of attending a meeting of Presby¬ tery to be as follows :—Mr. Leith, £13, 10s. to £15 ; Mr. Chalmers, £10 ; Mr. Peter Davidson, £10 (but if his waggon could be used, it would only be £5—at present the restrictions consequent upon the cattle-disease prevent the use of the waggon from Adelaide); Mr. Cumming and Mr. Stirling, from £2 to £3 each ; Mr. Auld, £3 (but it would be much more were it not for his using his own horses, purchased and maintained at a large outlay to himself); Mr. Lundie, £7, 10s. to £10 (he uses the waggon granted him by the Board, but has to hire oxen); Mr. Shearer, £6 to £7 ; Mr. Dewar, about £6 (though the first stage to Queenstown, about forty miles, he overtakes on horseback, using his own horse); Mr. James Davidson, £5. Such costs are included in the missionaries’ estimates, and charges under this head appear in the accounts. But Mr. Leith, Mr. Chalmers, and Mr. Dewar have to defray their own expenses. In the Transkei, and also at Emgwali and Glenthorn, a waggon is needed as the only means of obtaining supplies, and of travelling from place to place. For itinerating purposes the waggon is indispensable, and where there is work of that kind to any extent it is the more economical arrange¬ ment for the Board to provide a span of oxen. This not only saves the cost of hiring, but makes the missionary more independent in his move¬ ments, and avoids inconvenience and serious waste of time through having to hire untrained oxen. In the Transkei, and also at Emgwali and Glenthorn, the missionaries must spend a large portion of their time in the saddle. Mr. Auld finds it necessary to keep as many as three, and sometimes four horses. Mr. Lundie, Mr. Davidson, and Mr. Shearer have also constant need for long journeyings, if they are to overtake the requirements of their respective fields of labour. Mr. Stirling could not possibly do justice to the out- stations at Emgwali without riding. The Wesleyan missionaries, doing similar work, have an allowance of £15 per annum for a horse, and we recommend that such an allowance should be made to the Transkeian missionaries, and also to Mr. Shearer and Mr. Stirling. Attention is called in the ‘ Memorandum of Instructions ’ to the question of salaries, and we have made careful inquiry into the subject. We con¬ ferred with the brethren assembled in Presbytery, as to the increase in the cost of living, and consulted experienced business men in various parts of the country. We are satisfied that a totally different state of things prevails from what existed at a comparatively recent date, and that some increase in the salaries is required. In arranging this, it would be well to take the opportunity of terminating the invidiousness of some members of Presbytery having to pay their own travelling expenses, while others have their expenses provided out of the Mission Funds. This might be done in the way indicated in the Memorandum quoted above. Let it be understood that the salary includes costs of attending Presbytery meetings. Of course, in special missionary journeys, where extra expenses are neces¬ sarily incurred in furthering the interests of the Mission, grants for these extra expenses will still have to be made. Otherwise an improper restraint would be placed upon faithfulness and zeal. In such cases exact accounts of the actual expenditure should be furnished. On this understanding, we recommend that the salaries of the mission¬ aries in the Transkei should be raised to £300 ; that in the meantime the salaries at Emgwali should remain unchanged, this being a collegiate charge, and the cost of living being somewhat less from the readier access to the source of supply; that in the cases of Adelaide and Glenthorn, where there are both European and native congregations, the increase of stipend to £300 should be made conditional upon the financial arrange¬ ments being put on a more satisfactory footing (as indicated in our report on these congregations, pp. 9 and 25), so as to develop the resources of the congregations and foster the spirit of self-support; and that in Somerset East, the allowance to the minister for his native work be raised from £70 to £100. IE ALLOWANCES ASKED FOR MISSION-WORK BY MR. DEWAR. The nature of this mission-work is explained in our report on the Tarkastad congregation. From the beginning of his ministry there, Mr. Dewar has taken advantage of the opportunity of evangelizing among the natives afforded by his monthly ministrations at the Tarka. It is entirely owing to his voluntary services during the past five years that there is now a little native church regularly organized. It is to be regretted that, with Mr. Dewar’s knowledge of the language and the continued interest in the natives he has evinced, he should not be wholly occupied in missionary work. Were a suitable opening to present itself, it might be well to offer him the opportunity of returning to the Mission field, from which he was in a manner driven, by the destruction of Quolora Station in the late war. But as the Board, after his settlement in Tarkastad, recognised Mr. Dewar (Minute 1268, 28th April 1879) as entitled to be justly ‘ enrolled among those regularly doing mission-work,’ it seems proper that suitable acknowledgment should be made of the good work he is doing. Had the congregation at Tarkastad been able to make larger provision for its minister’s maintenance, there might have been less need for such pecuniary acknowledgment on the part of the Board, and we believe it would not have been applied for. But while that congregation has honourably met its obligations, and been self-supporting from the first, the provision which it is able to make is insufficient, and there is no present prospect of its being increased. It should be mentioned that during these five years Mr. Dewar has also served the Church as Clerk of the Presbytery of Kaffraria, and all official communications with the Board pass through his hands. With reference to the support of a native evangelist and teacher, the field does not seem sufficient to warrant the Board in paying the salary of an evangelist, and under present circumstances it is very doubtful if a Government grant could be obtained fora school. But if Mr. Dewar could succeed in obtaining a teacher who could also act as evangelist, and the church at Tarka undertook his support, the Board might do well to give a grant in aid as contribution towards his salary. III. INTERPRETERS. Tt is stated in the ‘Memorandum of Instructions ’ that ‘ Mr. Shearer has an interpreter still, though ho has been eight or nine years at work, but the Board have intimated that the services of the interpreter must be Special Questions. Rev. J. Dewar. Return to Mission Field. Allowance recommended. Evangelist. Interpreters. 36 Special Questions. Missionaries should acquire the Native Language. "How far our Missionaries’ have done so. dispensed with at the close of this year. Mr. Cumming has also had an interpreter for long, whom he employs in his church services. Would it not be better to provide each missionary with a teacher for, say, two years, and not use the word interpreter at all 1 ’ We have given this matter most anxious consideration, have heard all that the members of Presbytery had to say upon the subject, and also conferred with them individually at their respective stations, and have faithfully expressed to the brethren the views we have now to report to the Board. It seems to us to be the first duty of a missionary to acquire the language of the people among whom he is to labour. Our earlier missionaries in South Africa, as elsewhere, acted on this principle; and the veterans of other societies, such as the London Missionary Society and the Free Church, whom we have had the privilege of consulting, confirm our view of the importance of a thorough familiarity with the language. We understand that an agent of the London Missionary Society does not receive full salary till he is thus equipped for service, and his proficiency has been tested by examination. The Basuto Mission of the Paris Missionary Society has 20 agents labouring in 15 principal stations and 60 out-stations, and every missionary, without exception, preaches in the Sesuto tongue. Such a thing as the employment of an interpreter is unknown among them. They never had, and we are assured by the secretary, Mr. Boegner, they never would have, on any consideration, a missionary who required the help of an interpreter. The present state of things in our Mission is as follows. Mr. Auld preaches in Kaffir. Mr. Cumming does so in the afternoon, but at his principal service in the morning, when a few European farmers are present, he preaches in English, Zazi interpreting sentence by sentence as he goes along. Mr. James Davidson uses an interpreter in church, but he can make himself understood when he goes among the heathen, and in conversation with the people is independent of aid. He strongly cor¬ roborates our view as to the acquiring of the language, and regrets that in his own case, owing to his being rather late in life of entering upon the mission-work, he has not such perfect command of Kaffir as he desires and might otherwise have obtained. Mr. Lundie has made some progress with the language, but still requires the aid of an interpreter. Mr. Stirling gives fair promise of mastering the language, and we expect that his transference for a time to Mbulu may assist him in more speedily gaining such proficiency as may enable him to dispense with assistance. In the meantime, however, he of necessity speaks through an interpreter. Mr. Shearer does not seem to have hitherto sufficiently realized the importance of this duty, and he will have much hard work before he can preach in Kaffir. Even then he would not be independent of aid, as there are so many Hottentots and others at Glenthorn, who know neither English nor Kaffir, their language being a kind of Dutch. We are not aware that Mr. Shearer has any special inaptitude for the study of languages—possibly his weak health for a time (and that the most hopeful time) interfered with his progress. But the circumstances in which he is placed are very unfavourable. We are assured by Mr. Cumming and others that there is far greater difficulty in acquiring the language in such a station as Glenthorn. While there is an extensive and very successful mission-work there, Mr. Shearer has to minister every week in English to the European congregation, and even in pastoral work can only reach the natives by visiting the Europeans, on whose farms they are located. In such cases 37 the difficulty is undoubtedly much greater, though it should not be regarded as insuperable. But in point of fact, of the ministers in Colonial churches, engaged in native work, Mr. Peter Davidson and Mr. Leith both use interpreters, and Mr. Dewar alone preaches in Kaffir, and he, it should be remembered, was formerly a missionary in the Transkei. We believe that the difficulty is aggravated, and partly arises, from young missionaries on their arrival beginning to preach too soon. They are either sent to vacant stations, or if associated with others are eager to begin the work of preaching, and so at the outset an interpreter is employed. There is little difficulty in finding one. Every teacher knows more or less English, and most of the evangelists also are qualified to lend assistance. And when the missionary finds how easily he can get his message delivered in this way, and how many demands there are upon his attention otherwise, he is apt to under-rate the importance of persistent study of the strange tongue. Some content themselves with a limited acquirement, and some never learn the language at all. We understand that the Kaffir is not an easy language,—that it is more difficult, for instance, than the Efik spoken at Calabar. But it is not more difficult than the languages our missionaries in India, China, and Japan require to learn. It is not more difficult—it should, from the improved aids in the shape of books, be easier—than it was for the missionaries of fifty years ago. And it is not more difficult for our agents in Kaffraria than for the French missionaries in Basutoland. In Mr. Cumming’s case there is the peculiarity that, after acquiring Kaffir in his earlier ministry at the Cliumie, he has latterly adopted the practice of preaching through an interpreter at Emgwali. The Europeans attending there are very few in comparison with the large native audience, and they will probably be fewer still when the church now building at Bolo is completed. Some other arrangement for ministering to them might be made, as was done in earlier days, when Tiyo Soga had a separate service with his small English congregation after the first Kaffir service, and this should be easier to arrange after Mr. Stirling returns to Emgwali. There may be a certain relief to Mr. Cumming in the rest afforded to the voice by the pause at every sentence, and at his age that consideration cannot be disregarded. At the same time it is to be feared that others may have been made less concerned as to their shortcoming in this matter, when they can plead the example of such an old and experienced missionary, who knows the language and can preach in it, but yet employs the services of an interpreter. But, apart from the preaching altogether, it is obvious that for some of the most important parts of their work it is indispensable for the missionaries to learn Kaffir. They may perhaps convey what they wish to say, but they cannot know what others are saying, and there is always risk of their own meaning being obscured, if not altogether missed. They cannot gain the insight into their people’s minds that is obtained in ordinary intercourse. They cannot so efficiently deal with an inquirer. They are hampered in their ministrations to the sick and dying, and cannot freely communicate with the heathen who live around them, or whom they may meet by the way. We do not undervalue the really good work which has been done by our missionaries, to which we have endeavoured to do justice in reporting on their several stations. Nor would we willingly discourage them in the earnest labours in which they are engaged by our remarks upon this deficiency. But we are persuaded that what is needed is not the mere Special Questions. How Difficul¬ ties arise. Mr.Cuniming’s Case. 38 Special, Questions. What the Board should do. Glenthorn and ‘ The Point.’ Question not yet ripe. Importance of acquiring Property in the District. ‘The Point’ a suitable position. dropping of the word ‘ interpreter,’ and the withdrawing of one of the assistants now engaged at one station, as to which last we have counselled caution. What should he aimed at is the total cessation of the practice of speaking through interpreters. The Board should emphatically insist on the importance of all who are engaged in mission-work learning the language of the people to whom they minister. And, in any future appointments, it may be worthy of consideration whether effect should not be given to the practice of the London and Paris Societies, at least to the extent of making the appointments conditional on the language being acquired in a given specified time. 1Y. GLENTHORN AND ‘THE POINT.’ This question is not yet ripe for settlement, and it is impossible to come to a decision on the matter till it is known on what terms ‘ The Point ’ could be acquired. Mr. Robert P. Pringle of Glenthorn is negotiating with the Government for the purchase of some land forming a range of hills between his property and Mr. George Bennett’s property of Austrey. A portion of that Government land lies well in to the Austrey property, and Mr. Bennett is anxious to secure it. The proposal is that Mr. Pringle should effect an excambion with Mr. Bennett, giving him that portion of the land, after he has acquired it, in exchange for the ‘ Green Point,’ which is an outlying pendicle of the Austrey estate; and that the Mission Board should then purchase ‘The Point’ from Mr. Pringle. No price is specified, nor can an exact opinion be arrived at till it is seen on what terms Mr. Pringle concludes his purchase from the Government and the excambion with Mr. Bennett. If the arrangement can be effected on satisfactory terms, it will obviously have advantages for all the parties concerned. Mr, Bennett will secure a piece of land, which it is an improvement to his estate to have, instead of ‘ The Point.’ Mr. Pringle will have the native church removed from the vicinity of his own residence, for which he is naturally anxious, as the outspan of horses there leads to troubles and difficulties. The Glenthorn church could also be made more comfortable for the European congregation were it not to be occupied, as now, for the native service. And it is understood that it would' suit Mr. Pringle’s convenience if the lease of the house now occupied as a manse were brought to an end. It will be greatly for the interests of the Mission to acquire property of its own in the centre of the Mankazana district. The Mission is a large and successful one ; but it is carried on at a disadvantage, when it only exists as it were upon sufferance. The present church is insufficient for the native audience, and cannot be enlarged. It is injurious to health to conduct the services in it, especially in summer. ‘ The Point ’ would be a most suitable position for the church, and the native congregation is anxious to secure it. It would also be a much healthier site for a manse than the house presently leased. And besides it would be of great value to the Mission in an educational point of vieAv. The distances are too great for children to come daily to school, and the population in the different kloofs is too sparse to allow schools to be provided in the several localities, even were the farmers prepared to assist such efforts for native education, to which unhappily for the most part they are unfriendly. But the natives could erect a few huts on ‘The Point,’ and the children, bringing their mealies with them, could 39 remain at school during the week under suitable supervision, and obtain the instruction from which they are now debarred. The earnestness of the people in this matter is shown by the fact that the school fees, even with the present limited attendance, amount to £20, and that contributions towards the proposed buildings have already been received by anticipation to the amount of £143, 18s. 6d., of which £G2, 5s. 9d. has been given by natives. We therefore recommend the transference of the native church and manse to ‘ The Point,’ but only on the footing of the land being first absolutely acquired by the Board, and the lease of the church at Glen- thorn renewed on favourable terms for a lengthened period, to retain the control of the whole work in the district. V. HENDERSON. We have reported on the good work which the native evangelist, Nikani, is doing here. We could not recommend the Board to discontinue that work. But the field is a very limited one, and does not seem likely to be largely increased. The reserve is being taken up in lots as small farms. The settlers have successfully resisted the proposal to continue it to any extent as a native location, and the Kaffirs are being cleared out of the district. The week we visited Emgwali, 15 families were removed from it to the Transkei. The evangelist states the population of the district round Henderson at 150, of whom 100 are natives and 50 Europeans. As the remaining lots are taken up these numbers will be somewhat increased, but not to any great extent. We cannot, therefore, recommend the Board to think of restoring Henderson as a principal station. And the distance from Emgwali (thirty miles by road, and twenty miles over the hills) is too great for English services to be frequently supplied. But the settlers have service once in three weeks from Cathcart, which is about twelve miles distant, a number of them being members of the Wesleyan church there, and one of them a local preacher. In present circumstances we think Henderson should be continued as an out-station. The Presbytery are of opinion that the property is rising in value, and should therefore be retained for a time, even though it should ultimately be decided to dispose of it. According to the titles, it cannot be sold without consent of Government, but that should readily be granted in respect of the large claims for losses incurred by the Mission through the late war. VI. EMGWALI GIRLS’ SCHOOL BUILDING. This building was well advanced when we were at Emgwali in the beginning of July. The walls are of good sound brick, burned in the neighbourhood. The second storey was almost completed, and the whole nearly ready for roofing. A considerable quantity of prepared wood for the joiner-work was on the ground. The contractor has since incurred a loss, estimated at upwards of £200, by the destruction of material in the grass fire of 3rd August. This may retard the completion of the work, for the builder was previously in embarrassed circumstances, and an assignation of the instalments payable under the contract had been intimated to Mr. Gumming. The site of the building is admirably chosen on an elevation Special Questions. Henderson. Pew Natives. Property valuable. Emgwali Girls’ School. Progress of the Work. Fire: Inter¬ ference with Work. The Site. 40 Special Questions. New Houses. Columba. Water Tank. Mai an. A Professional Architect required for Buildings. to tlie west of the hollow in which the mission-house and the old girls’ school are situated, the church standing on a knoll about the same distance to the east of them. The building will be well suited for the wmrk to be carried on in it, and will accommodate many more boarders than it has hitherto been possible to receive. Of the importance of this school, and the efficiency with which it is conducted, we have elsewhere spoken. The improved premises now provided will render still more useful this admir¬ able institution. VII. THE NEW HOUSES AT COLUMBA AND MALAN. The house for Mr. Auld at Columba is nearly completed, the brick¬ work being finished, the iron roof on, and the joiner-work well advanced. It is built according to the plans submitted to the Board, and while it will afford a suitable home for the missionary’s family, there is nothing excessive in the accommodation provided. The estimates amount to £720, but there will be extras for bread oven, papering, water tank, etc., which will bring the total cost up to £800. The heaviest item in these extras is the water tank, and we consider it indispensable for the health of the family that this be provided, to secure the rain-water from the roof for domestic use. We recommend the Board not only to grant the sum necessary for this, but to insist on its being built. The site is well chosen, on an eminence near the road leading to the church, and overlooking the Kobonqaba River. The garden is on the slope leading down to the river. The house of Mr. Lundie at Malan is not nearly so far advanced. The plans are almost identical with those for Mr. Auld’s house, but the buildings will be very different. The site of the house is on a slope— indeed, it would be difficult in that district to find any place that is not on the slope. But instead of excavating a level on the hillside, the builder has raised the stone foundation to the requisite level, the building thus rendered necessary being as much as 9 feet in height to the front. Including the inner walls, there is a very large extent of under-building, and under the contract the mason is entitled to 11s. per square yard for all over 2 ft. 6 in. in height. The contract is taken at £650, but the house will probably cost £800 at least. It gives some idea of the result, that whereas four steps are specified leading up to the verandah in front, at least eight additional steps will be required. The under-building is not entirely lost. Two good store-rooms will be gained, and if they w 7 ere floored these might even be turned to better account. But this gain does not compensate for the additional expense, nor for the ridiculous appear¬ ance of a house of one storey having a foundation of nearly a storey in height of frontage. This case is the worst that has come under our notice, but it is not the only one in which the absence of proper professional supervision is obvious. The manse at Mbulu has fully 5 feet of foundation to the front, and the church there has a large extent of under-building. Even at Tutura, where the ground was not so difficult to deal with, there seems to have been a considerable amount of superfluous building, which might have been saved by proper preparation of the site. We are satisfied that it would be wise economy on the part of the Board to secure the services of a qualified architect in the Colony, under whose direction all missionary buildings should be erected. The building of a manse at 41 home would not be entrusted to any minister, though he might be in a much better position from having the advice and assistance of practical tradesmen about him. And a missionary abroad is not likely to be any better qualified than a minister at home to take the personal charge of such operations. Even though he were, his time is more valuable for his own proper duties than the sum that would have to be paid in remuner¬ ating an architect or inspector employed to superintend such work. We would further take the liberty of suggesting to the Board that it seems to be of doubtful expediency to make a grant of a certain specified sum, and allow the missionary to expend more and seek it for himself in the Colony or elsewhere. If the sum granted is sufficient for the purpose, the expenditure should be restricted to that. If more is required, it would be more profitable to make a larger grant, rather than withdraw a mis¬ sionary from his proper work that he may go through the Colony soliciting subscriptions for such a purpose. Our Church has no constituency in the Colony that can be appealed to, like the membership of our churches in large cities at home; and the expense of travel, both in time and money, would render any such aid as might be obtained costly in the extreme. In the case of these two houses, the accommodation will only be what is a reasonable provision for the missionaries’ families; and the work those brethren have in hand is so great and urgent, that we would deprecate the withdrawing of their undivided attention from it for the sake of attempt¬ ing to raise the balance of the price, and we regard as still more objectionable the idea of their being saddled with a personal debt for the cost of a building which, after all, is the property of the Church. Special Questions. How Grants should be determined. VIII. COMPENSATION FOR WAR LOSSES. These losses were inquired into by Government after the war, and at that time there may have been some intention to afford compensation, to a certain extent at least, if the inquiry was not a device merely to allay the clamour with which the authorities were on all hands assailed. However that may be, we are convinced that these claims may now be regarded as worthless. The resources of the Colonial Government are already over¬ strained for ordinary requirements. Heavy additions to taxation are imminent, and even the grants for educational purposes are in jeopardy. It would take many millions to meet the claims that are on record, and though the Government were ever so willing, it has no means of meeting these demands. Our consultations with Government officials, and leading business men in different districts, confirm the unanimous opinion of the brethren of the Presbytery, that nothing whatever can be recovered in respect of those claims. Compensation for War Losses. Claims may now be de¬ parted from. IX. COLONIAL CONGREGATIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO MISSION-WORK. Three questions are put to us under this head:—(1) What are the Colonial congregations doing among the natives ? (2) What steps can be 42 Special Questions. Colonial Con¬ gregations and Mission-work. AVesleyans. Congregation- alists. Episcopalians. Tbe Dutch are becoming interested. Presbyterian Churches are. doing almost nothing. Grahamstown is the only exception. The Colonists complain that they have been neglected by the Home Church. taken to increase tlieir interest in this work 1 (3) Ought the Church at home to do anything in the way of supplying additional agents for work among the Colonists 1 We understand these questions to refer to the congregations of our own Presbytery, and we regret to say that the answer to the first is different on that account from what it would be if the question had a wider range. The Wesleyan congregations in the Colonial towns take an active interest in the natives around them, and assist in the support of Missions on the frontier. The Congregationalist churches also have a good deal of the missionary spirit, and as a result of their local efforts, in some cases self- supporting native churches are now to he found in some of the towns. The Episcopalian church also shows an active, though it is sometimes thought rather a proselytizing, spirit in its relations with the natives. In the Dutcli church an increasing interest is being taken in the progress of mission-work. We came in contact with ministers of an earnest evan¬ gelical spirit, who welcomed the opportunity of our visit to stimulate their people’s zeal for the missionary cause. The theological students of the Dutch church at Stellenbosch are directly engaged in evangelistic efforts among the natives, under the guidance of their admirable professors. But the Presbyterian churches in the Colony do little or nothing either in the way of personal work among the natives, or in collecting for Missions. Individuals in those congregations may have sympathy with the work, and privately assist it, as, for instance, by contributing to such institutions as Lovedale or Blythswood. But the congregations as such and the members generally do nothing. In such towns even as Somerset and Adelaide, where the minister is personally engaged" in native work, he is not assisted as might be expected by the members of the European congregations. Grahamstown alone stands out from the rest as an honour- able exception, assisting in the support of a native cause in Grahamstown, maintaining a separate mission at its own cost at Theopolis, on the Kowie River, and sending also substantial contributions to the Mission Funds of the Synod. Pains are taken also to train the young to be interested in the good work ; for the cost of the Theopolis Mission, about £36 a year, is now met by the contributions of the Sabbath school. Altogether, about £200 was raised for Missions by this congregation last year. It is further asked, What steps can be taken to increase the interest of the Colonial congregations in mission-work ? Members of Presbytery and many members of Colonial congregations explain (they certainly cannot justify) the lack of interest by the alleged neglect of the Colonists on the part of the Home Church, which is doing so much in the Mission field for the natives. But this excuse, even were it valid, fails to account for the remissness of those in the existing Colonial churches, fostered by the aid of Home funds. Cape Town and Port Elizabeth have no need of home aid, yet they are not found active in native work. King William’s Town, Adelaide, and East London have been aided from home, but their zeal for the Mission enterprise is not conspicuous. Grahamstown, which joins in the same complaint, though it has neither needed nor received such aid, sets a different example, because it has been trained and encouraged to do so. And we believe the missionary spirit will only be developed in other places in the same way, and that it will be found there as in many a struggling congregation at home, and corroborated by the experience of the denomination as a whole, that there is a reflex infiuence in Christian zeal, and that the Church’s resources for its own requirements are improved, 43 not impaired, by liberality in the cause of Missions. We would recom¬ mend that missionary intelligence should be communicated—the Missionary Record circulated, and that collectors’ books should be sent out, and systematic contributions for Missions invited from every congregation in the Presbytery. There remains the further question, Ought the Church at Home to do more in the way of supplying additional agents for work among the Colonists 1 On this subject we have met an all but universal complaint and demand. Strong statements were made in Presbytery as to the important towns that had been lost to the Presbyterian Church, the occupation of which would have been a great source of strength to our missionary operations. In a memorial addressed to us by the Session of Grahamstown, it is urged that the ‘ Home Church should help towards the spiritual benefit of many Colonial residents, by giving some assistance in establishing the Presbyterian form of worship and church government in localities at present entirely without it, and that this may be done by giving limited help in the formation of churches in district towns and various villages. Several opportunities of doing this, the Session believe, have been lost for the want of means, and suitable men to foster the early efforts of a young church, and these might be supplied from home. In most cases these would become self-supporting, but even before they attained this position, they would singly and collectively add to the means of carrying on missionary operations among the heathen beyond our borders.’ We were predisposed to listen to such representations, and were confirmed in our previous impressions by the strong statements which we heard on every hand. But our visit to the churches in the Colonial towns, and to towns in which it was said that favourable openings had been lost, has led us greatly to modify the opinions we had formed. The existing churches have not assisted in the Mission cause. After many years some of them are not independent of extraneous aid themselves, as they might reasonably have been expected to become. The fields indicated for new openings do not seem more promising than these, and the churches that have been formed in the towns, where we are said to have lost the opportunity for want of means, appear to be such struggling causes as would have been no strength whatever to the Missionary cause, but rather a decided source of weakness, diverting the resources of the Church to their support. We doubt if our Church regards it as its mission to establish the Presbyterian form of government and worship in localities where a mere handful of the people are of Presbyterian principles, and especially where the spiritual wants of the community are not left unprovided for. And it cannot be regarded as a successful attempt to establish the Presbyterian form of government, when the meetings of Presbytery are necessarily so rare ; when even on a specially important occasion (with the Deputies from the Home Church present, and the union with a sister Church expected to be consummated) not a single elder was present; and when we find, on closer inquiry, the con¬ gregation at Tarkastad with two elders—at Tarka, none—at Somerset, one—at Glenthorn, none—at Adelaide, after twenty-one years, none. It is said that suitable men to foster such causes, if they were undertaken, might be supplied from home; and it has been constantly impressed upon us that men of first rate ability are required. The Board will be able to judge whether such men will readily be found to give themselves to such a task. We are said to have lost Uitenhage and Queenstown to the Con- Speciat, Questions. Missionary Intelligence should be Com¬ municated. Duty of Home Church to the Colonists. Complaints and Demands of Colonial Churches. The Colonial Churches themselves have not assisted in the Mission Cause, and they them¬ selves, in some cases, still require help. Presbyterian Ideal not realized among them. u Special Questions. Has ground been lost by the Tresby terians ? Arc the places spoken of really promis¬ ing or needy ? Suggestion by Presbytery that a Preacher should go out. Recommenda¬ tion. gregationalists. The latter is really a Union church, though its minister is an excellent Independent missionary, formerly of the London Missionary Society. The congregation is doing well, but it is not a strong one ; and while it engages in home mission-work among the Dutch-speaking native population at Queenstown, it could not afford any material support to the missionary operations of the Church among the heathen. The Uitenhage cause, where three-quarters of the people are said to be Scotch Presbyterians, is also far from being a strong one. It would not be a source of strength to others. So with Cradock, where, as in Port Alfred and Graaff Reinet, we are said to have lost churches to the Baptists. The Cradock cause is in the hands of the second young Baptist preacher that has tried to make something of it, and, like his predecessor, he is onfe of Mr. Guinness’ young men who has not undergone such a course of study as is required for our ministry, and is content with a salary of £200—£50 from home and £150 which the people hope by an effort to raise—such a sum being barely equal there to the pay of a city missionary at home. The towns in which the Presbytery think a favourable opening might still be found are—(1) Coles- berg, about 150 miles north of Somerset East, which will be the terminus of the Midland Railway system. There are Wesleyan and Episcopalian churches in the town, but it is said there are Scotchmen there attending no place of worship. (2) Aliwal North, about 75 miles north-west of Queenstown, on the south bank of the Orange River, close to the border of the Free State. The terminus of the Eastern Railway will be here, and it is expected to become an important frontier town. There are Primitive Methodist and Episcopalian churches in the town; but the Presbytery think that if a church were opened here, and supplemented for a time, it might become self-supporting. (3) Port Elizabeth. There is a proposal to get a preacher to take charge of a home mission church on the south side, where there is already a Sabbath school in a wooden building. There are a number of sailors resident in the district, and a few of the members of the present church might enter into the movement, as they live in the neighbourhood. It is thought that if £100 were given from home, another £100 might be raised in the new church, with help from Mr. Johnstone’s congregation; but the church would never be more than a Mission cause (European), and it is doubtful if it could be expected to exist at all without extraneous support. In Cape Town a similar attempt is being made to raise a Mission station (European) to a church, but this is being done by the minister of the present church accepting an educational appointment, and devoting the salary (£150) towards paying the stipend of the preacher in the station. The Presbytery made a definite proposal that a preacher should be invited to go out under its directions, with a salary of £200 guaranteed to him for a term of years—one-half to be contributed from home, and the other half found by the Presbytery ; and the opinion was decidedly expressed that he would certainly find a permanent and useful sphere of labour, provided always he were a suitable man. It is for the Board to decide whether, in deference to the views of the brethren, it will take steps to comply with this request. We recommend that any assistance afforded from Home Funds, in the opening of new churches, be limited to a definite amount, and to a given term of years, and that in no case should the responsibility for the undertaking rest on the Mission Board. And we are of opinion that men familiar with Colonial ways, and having such connection in the Colony as may help to elicit support, are most likely to succeed in such circumstances. And we therefore recommend that help 45 should be offered to promising students in South Africa, in the shape of bursaries, to assist them in coming home and attending our Theological Hall, to prepare them lor the ministry of the Colonial Church. We believe that would be the most effective service that the Church at Home could render in furthering the religious interests of the Colonists. X. RELATIONS OF MR. GUMMING AND MR. STIRLING. This matter has been arranged satisfactorily. The Minute of Presby¬ tery, which was drawn up at the request of Mr. Cumming and Mr. Stirling, has, with their concurrence, been rescinded, and the work of the Station at Emgwali and the surrounding out-stations will be carried on by the colleagues as they may mutually agree. At the request of the Western Sub-Committee, we have submitted a separate Report to the Board, going more fully into the details of this question than is necessary here. XI. PERMANENT BUILDINGS. We are asked, ‘ In view of the state of the country—frequent disturb¬ ances, fluctuation of population, etc.—how far is it wise to erect per¬ manent buildings ? Would it be practicable to have erections of a more moveable kind i ’ We have given this matter due consideration, and have carefully observed in our journeyings the kind of buildings which traders and others are erecting in the districts that were the scene of recent disturb¬ ances. We find that permanent buildings are being everywhere erected, and we believe such to be absolutely necessary for the preservation of the health of our agents. We notice that even the natives are learning to erect more substantial structures than hitherto. The huts are larger, with side-walls, doors, and sometimes windows ; and in some places the square hut is beginning to displace the round bee-hive, with a division into rooms in the better houses. It would be too much to hope that there will be no more troubles with the natives, but it is reasonable to expect that such disturbances will be more remote from the frontiers. The making of roads, the erection of bridges over the rivers, the opening up of the country by railways, and the widespread system of telegraphic communication, will do much to reduce the risks of Kaffir risings ; and the granting of titles to their allotments of land, which has been begun, will go far to remove the chief occasion of such risings. We do not think it practicable to have erections of a more moveable kind. XII. UNION. Spec i at, Questk »s. Bursaries for Colonial Students. Emgwali: Mr. Cumming and Mr. Stirling. Should Perma¬ nent, Buildings be erected ? They are being everywhere erected, and they are necessary. We were instructed to express to the brethren in Kaffraria the interest Union, with which the Board, and the Church as a whole, have marked the 46 Special Questions. Modifications of Basis by Home Churches accepted. Free Church brethren had difficulties. Further action postponed. Fears lest help of Home Churches should be withdrawn. progress of their negotiations for union with the brethren of the Free Church; and we were further requested, should the Synod approve of the pro¬ posed Basis of Union, to do all in our power to aid the brethren in Kaffraria in taking steps to accomplish the Union on the basis proposed by the Joint Presbyteries in Kaffraria and approved by the Supreme Courts at Home. The Synod sanctioned the Union, and approved the proposed Basis, with some slight modifications, adjusted by the Foreign Mission Board and the Foreign Mission Committee of the Free Church. The General Assembly of the Free Church also sanctioned the Union, and adopted the Basis, though not in the same unequivocal terms as the Synod. At the meeting of our own Presbytery there was difficulty felt by some of the brethren about the modifications on the Basis of Union, as sent home by the Joint Presbyteries, and particularly about including as members of Presbytery the ordained teachers in Lovedale and Blythswood, thus giving them a share in the oversight of ministers in their work, while their own work in connection with these institutions is removed from the jurisdiction of the Presbytery. However, looking to the fact that it was only on the adjusted Basis that the Union was sanctioned by the Synod, not to imperil the interests of Union, or lead to any further delay, it was unanimously agreed, waiving this objection, to accept the Basis as approved by the Synod. It should be stated, however, that there was a communication to the Presbytery from the Session of Graliamstown, advocating what was called a Union of ‘ Combination,’ but not of ‘ Coalescence,’ though what was meant by that did not exactly appear. So far as we could gather the desire of the Grahamstown friends, it appeared to be co-operation rather than union that was aimed at. At the request of the Free Church Presbytery, we afterwards attended a Conference of the two Presbyteries, where there was a full interchange of views on the subject of Union. The Free Church Presbytery was not prepared to go on to the consumma¬ tion of the Union, as our Presbytery was. Difficulties were started and fears expressed, both as to the position of the congregations in the Colony towards the question, and as to the object the Home Churches had in view in sanctioning it. It was ultimately agreed to pospone further action in the way of consummating the Union, and in the meantime to take steps with a view to eliciting an expression of opinion on the part of Colonial congregations, including those of Cape Town and Port Eliza¬ beth, which are not connected with either Presbytery. It seemed to be thought that the formation of the two Presbyteries into one united Church, would sever their connection with the Home Churches, and deprive them of the sympathy, protection, and support afforded by the connection now subsisting ; and it was even said that the Home Churches, in sanctioning this Union, wished to throw on the Church thus formed the burden of supporting their missionary operations on the frontier. We thought it dutiful to repudiate any such reflection on our Church, and read from our Instructions to show that while we were told to assist in consummating this proposed Union, the next paragraph invited suggestions that might guide the Board in their endeavours to promote the efficiency and the extension of the Mission in Kaffraria. At the same time we took the opportunity of testifying to the earnest desire of the Church at Home, that the con¬ gregations in the Colony would also aid in promoting the efficiency and extension of the Missions by their personal interest in the work and contributions to its support. It is to be regretted that the question of Union should have been allowed to reach the stage at which it has been 47 arrested before the steps now intended were taken. The sanction of the Home Churches should not have been asked till there was an ascertained readiness to unite on the part of those asking that sanction. At the same time the delay should not be regretted, if it secures that the Union is ultimately gone into with thorough conviction and cordiality on the part of all concerned. We believe that, so far from losing the sympathy and support of our Church, the United Church would in a larger degree command our confidence and evoke our aid. In Colonial church extension much greater reliance would be placed on the recommendation, and a readier response given to the applications of, a United Church, including in its courts or their committees business men of known ability and position. And Presbyterian government could be made more of a reality if the United Church were formed into two or more Presbyteries, meeting at convenient centres, so that without undue expense or waste of time those engaged in similar work in the same district of the country might meet more frequently to take counsel with one another, and assist each other in the common work. In the meantime we recommend the Board to wait the result of the steps taken by the Union Conference at the instance of the Free Church Presbytery, and should the Union not become an accom¬ plished fact within a reasonable time, we should suggest that the missionaries in the Transkei of both Churches should hold periodical meetings for conference and co-operation among themselves. They would so far secure, in an informal way, some of the advantages that might be expected to accrue to themselves and their work were they constituted into a court of a United Church. XIII. VOLUNTARY CHRISTIAN WORK. In the memoranda accompanying our Instructions a further question is put to us : ‘ How far are the members of the Mission churches taught the duty of voluntarily undertaking Christian work ] There is a danger of converts being led to expect employment as paid agents. How far is this danger being guarded against, and a voluntary Christian agency being developed 1 ’ Happily the number of converts gathered into the Mission churches in Kaffraria is too large for any general expectation of paid employment to be entertained. On the contrary, we found everywhere a large amount of voluntary service being rendered. In most cases the elders conduct services in their own districts, and engage also in aggressive Work. They have for the most part more leisure than church office-bearers at home, and they seem cheerfully to employ it in Christian efforts. It is not a little to such continuous work on the part of unpaid agents that the missionaries, with large territories and numerous out-stations to supervise, attribute their success in gathering in inquirers and converts, even in the most remote parts of their districts. And it is not office-bearers only that are thus engaged in voluntary work. As Sabbath-school teachers, and also in connection with local services in the kraals, many of the church members engage personally in Christian work. We came upon two instances only in which this question of payment for service seemed im¬ properly to arise. In the one case, to the vexation of the missionary, an Special, Questions, Board recom¬ mended to wait the result of the steps now being takeu. Co-operation in Transkei. Voluntary Christian Work. A large amount of Voluntary Service, both by Elders and Members. 48 Special Questions. Native Evangelists. Two New Districts may yet require European Agents. In Districts already oc¬ cupied Native Agents are required. A Superior Class of Evan¬ gelists needed. elder had failed to fulfil an appointment to go out and preach at an out- station, alleging in defence that he was not bound to go, as he was not paid for his work. In the other case, it was brought under our notice that among the elders at one important out-station ‘ there is not a one finds something for the church work.’ This remark was doubtless excited by the fact that at some other out-stations there were certain elders receiving small salaries as evangelists. But the rule acted on in this matter excludes all cause for complaint, and should prevent unwarrantable expectations of paid employment from being excited. Elders are expected to act as evangelists in their own districts without any payment whatever, but it is thought right to recompense one with a small salary, when for the sake of the work the missionary asks him to quit his home, and go to reside and labour in some other district, at a distance from his home and land. Even in this it is found necessary to act with extreme care, so as to prevent the slightest jealousy on the part of others whose duty and privilege it is to render voluntary service. XIV. NATIVE EVANGELISTS. With reference to the efficiency and extension of the work, we believe that one of the most important questions to be considered is that of native agents. Beyond our present bounds there are two districts into which it seems to be the natural duty of our Church to carry the Gospel. The friendly relations that have always subsisted with Kreli, and the good faith which he kept with our missionaries even in the excitement of war times, forbid us altogether to desert him and his people in the day of their over¬ throw. Over 3000 Galekas are with him in Tembulancl, across the Bashee ; and once the Mission at Malan were more firmly established, it would seem to be the next step in advance for us to take, that we should follow them there. The Free Church line of advance is away northwards, by Idutywa, to connect their Stations at Cunningham and Blythswood with the Stations in Natal. But another territory remains for us to possess, and has already received attention at the hands of such pioneers as Mr. Auld and Mr. Davidson, viz. Moni’s people, a sub-division of the Galekas occupying Bomvanaland, on the sea-coast east of the Bashee. For these two new fields European agents may ultimately be needed. But mean¬ while there is much to be done in the extension of the Church within the districts covered by the Stations already occupied, and in effectively carrying on the work within those bounds. What is required for this is not more missionaries, but more numerous and better qualified native agents. The missionary in a Transkeian Station should be the overseer of many native evangelists. And some of the out-stations should be raised, and are indeed almost ready for being raised, into separate charges with native pastors, of course under the superintendence of the missionary at the Central Station. It is not quite the present class of evangelists that would meet the need. Nor is the present scale of remuneration adequate to secure supply of the need. Men who have been educated at Lovedale or Blythswood, and have been employed for a time as teachers or interpreters, might be found willing to give themselves rather to the work of evangelists were 49 suitable remuneration provided. We met several such men, who seemed Special to us, and are regarded by the missionaries, as having the requisite spiritual Questions. qualifications and natural aptitude for the work, but they cannot afford to resign their present emoluments for the small sum now paid to evangelists of another class altogether. That they are not restrained by undue greed of gain is evident from the fact that some of them could easily earn more than their present salaries by acting as Government interpreters or clerks in the magistrates’ offices. We would suggest that such men should be Their Train- required to undergo a brief theological training, say in an advanced Bible- 1Dg ‘ class at Blythswood, for a year or so, being employed at the same time in evangelistic work at Incisininde and Izolo, and even, on occasion, at the out- stations of Malan and Columba ; and that thereafter they should be settled as evangelists in out-stations committed to their care. The usefulness of our missionaries in such Stations as Mbulu, Columba, and Malan would be immensely increased were they furnished with a large number of such qualified assistants. It would not lessen their work, but it would enable them to overtake far more work, and to better purpose than at present. Should any evangelist so employed develop special aptitude for theological study, we would recommend that, after having given good proof of his become Native fitness for the work, he should be encouraged to prosecute his studies a Pastors, who stage further, and then be appointed as pastor of a congregation, but still supported by under the superintendence of the missionary. We believe that the Avhole the People, cost of a native ministry, as thus gradually evolved out of the work itself, w r ould be provided for by the native churches. It does not seem desirable to make our missionaries in any way dependent upn the natives. They are our gift. But under a single missionary many native pastors of self- supporting congregations may eventually be raised up ; and whatever contributions these congregations can give beyond the stipend of their own evangelists or pastors should go to the General Mission Funds for the spread of the Gospel among the heathen. In the course of time Central Stations even might be combined under the control of a single missionary, as the native congregations became more thoroughly consolidated, and the native ministry more efficient; and our Church would be enabled to make a further advance from the base of operations, and push forward into the interior, as other Mission agencies are doing from many different parts of the Continent. In reference to the training of these native agents, we These Agents desire to record the conviction that as far as possible they should be trained should be ^ in their own country. We have serious doubts as to the wisdom of sending theh^own™ 0 ^ them to be instructed for a time by one and another of our Colonial People, ministers, as is proposed in a scheme under the consideration of the Presbytery; and we have even graver objection to sending them to Stellenbosch, as the Presbytery has done in the case of one young man whom we visited there. With all the undoubted advantages of that admirably-equipped theological seminary, it seems to us an insuperable objection that a young Kaffir going there, and living as the students live there, acquires notions and habits unfitting him for returning to the work we have for him to do in the Missions on the frontier. We consider the training and surroundings in every way suitable for a man who is after¬ wards to labour as minister of a native congregation in a Colonial town. But acquiring European tastes and habits as to food and mode of living generally, he would return to his native tribe unfitted for the mode of life he must necessarily adopt there, if he is to derive his maintenance from the contributions of the people. It will hinder the development of D 50 Special Questions. Proposed Theological Hall at Lovedale. Conclusion. self-support in the Mission if the native agents are so reared as to be nearly as expensive in their cost of living as the European missionaries, and it will unfit them, moreover, for thankfully accepting the subordinate position in reference to the missionaries, with which it is essential to the welfare of the Mission that for a considerable time they should be content. In Lovedale and Blythswood we noted with satisfaction that while agencies were at work calculated to promote the intellectual, moral, and spiritual elevation of the natives, it was not at the cost of their nationality. From these institutions they return to their homes Kaffirs of a higher type, and not poor copies of Englishmen. We cannot over-estimate the service that has been rendered to the native races generally, and to the Missions of all the Churches, by the establishment of these institutions. We all derive the benefit of the large expenditure incurred by a sister Church in planting and maintaining them. It is to her honour that the advantages they offer have been accessible to our Missions, and to all others, equally with her own. It is true that on the part of some, who willingly testify to its great value in general and industrial education, we find an impression that Lovedale is deficient in its present arrangements for theological training. And that seems to be felt by those charged with its administra¬ tion. Its resources are taxed to the uttermost in providing the preliminary education, for which, of course, there is a much more general demand, and by which all the Churches benefit in the training of teachers and other¬ wise. But a scheme has been proposed for the formation of a Theological Hall in connection with Lovedale, one teacher to be provided by the Free Church, one by the Congregationalists, and one by our own. It is under¬ stood that the Congregational Union is looking favourably on this proposal; and if the Board saw its way to entertain this scheme, which we recommend to its friendly consideration, we would regard it as a wise step in the way of practical union (perhaps the precursor of closer relations), and certainly as a just acknowledgment of our indebtedness to the sister Church for maintaining these institutions, by which our Missions benefit as well as her own. We are not unaware of the practical difficulty of having students trained by professors not subject to the jurisdiction of the Presbytery. But this difficulty does not seem insuperable. Without interfering in the general administration of Lovedale, a joint Committee of the three Churches might be charged with a certain oversight of the proposed Theological Hall, and the permanence of the arrangement could be made to depend on its working satisfactorily. For detailed statistics of the various Mission Stations we beg to refer to the subjoined Tables ; and in submitting this Report we would express our humble gratitude to our Heavenly Father, by whose good hand upon us we have been enabled, so far as the available time permitted, to over¬ take the work which the Board honoured us by entrusting to our hands. It has been a great privilege and joy to us, as well as to the friends who accompanied us, to behold what God hath wrought in that distant land, and to meet with those who are serving Him with such cheering measure of success among our countrymen in the Colony, and among the tribes of the heathen. We trust that the information and suggestions which we have endeavoured to embody in this Report may to some extent serve the purpose of the Board in deputing us to visit Kaffraria. And we may be excused for recording our grateful sense of the generous hospitality with 51 which we were welcomed, and the kind care for our comfort, manifested often in very difficult circumstances. It is an illustration of the cordial relations subsisting among the missionaries and ministers of different denominations in South Africa, that our obligation in this respect is not confined to those whom we were officially appointed to visit. We are sure that the Board will esteem the favour that was shown to their Deputies for the Master’s sake. All which is humbly reported by 14/7; November 1§83. G. L. CABSTAINS, DAVID CORSAR. 52 * RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS IN THE FOREGOING REPORT. 1. In withdrawing G-lenthorn interpreter, work should not be hindered (P- H). 2. Project lor erecting native church and missionary’s house to be encouraged (p. 11). 3. Better financial arrangements at Glenthorn (p. 11). 4. Mr. Leslie’s grave (p. 13). 5. Church repairs required at Emgwali (p. 15). 6. Girls’ school to be more directly under Board (p. 17). 7. Sale of Henderson (p. 18). 8. Recommendation of evangelists to be trained—Petros (p. 17), Dung- wane (p. 21), Fumba (p. 22), Henry Festiri (p. 28). 9. Native minister for Incisininde and Izolo (p. 23). 10. Adelaide finance (p. 25). 11. Mr. Auld’s furlough (p. 27). 12. Columba title (p. 27); future buildings (p. 27). 13. Evangelists required at Columba (p. 28) and Malan (p. 29). 14. Out-station at Tutura (p. 28). 15. Tiyo Soga’s grave (p. 28). 16. Malan title (p. 30). 17. D. Yandala’s salary at Somerset (p. 31). 18. Tarka native church (p. 32). 19. Titles to be deposited for safety (p. 32). 20. Insurance of Mission buildings (p. 32). 21. Presbytery estimates (p. 33). 22. Allowance for horses (p. 34). 23. Salaries of missionaries (p. 34). 24. Mr. Dewar and the Mission field (p. 35). 25. Allowance to Mr. Dewar (p. 35) 26. Evangelist for Tarka (p. 35). 27. Missionaries to learn Kaffir (p. 36). 28. Conditional appointments (p. 38). 29. Purchase of ‘Point’ at Glenthorn (p. 38). 30. Henderson out-station (p. 39). 31. Water-tank at Columba (p. 40). 32. Colonial architect for Mission buildings (p. 40). 33. Amount of grants for houses (p. 41). 34. Compensation claims may be dropped (p. 41). 35. Circulation of Missionary Record in Colonial congregations (p. 43). 36. Ministers for the Colonists (p. 43). 37. Preacher wished by Presbytery (p. 44). 38. Bursaries for Colonial students (p. 45). 39. Co-operation in Transkei (p. 45). 40. Employment of native agents (p. 48). 41. Training of native agents (p. 49). 42. Theological Hall at Lovedale (p. 50). APPENDICES. E 54 APPENDIX I— j - 4 — 3 Communicants. Baptisms STATIONS -2 g-fc? Other Churches 05 * S3 i +3 O 05 4J Cj AND CPt in 5 o CO O d ■"S OUT-STATIONS. 2 « 4-» District. 5s -4-3 05 s 21 o S g r ~x i O 05 a tLH rH CO 0> ctj o CO - 4-3 CO +-» PH <5 H-i g to" B 05 Za ** *q o r§ <2 O OQ < « >4 < > I. GLENTHORN, .... 218 None 250 11 242 l 46 18 150 36 31 24 1. Haining. .... 400 ... 80 ... ... 4 .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 2. Thornkloof, 400 40 • •. 3. Brambosch, 300 80 ... ... 4. Spring Vale, 165 40 ... ... ... ... 5. Linton, .... 85 20 ... 6. Austrey, .... 259 80 ... ... ... 7. Whyte Bank, 253 ... 50 ... ... ... 8. Millness, .... 169 ... 20 ... ... ... 9. Poplar Grove, . ,,, ... 25 ... ... . . . ... ... 10. July’s Kloof, 122 40 ... ... ... 11. Damon’s Kloof, . 206 20 ... 12. Ettrick, (Pop. in No. 1) 13. Koouap, .... • •• 16 ... ... ... ... ... 75 ... ... ... 14. Quaggas Kirk, . ... ... 20 ... ... ... ... 4 <• ... ... ... ... II. EMGWALI . 1000 None 350 11 228 2 36 7 150 33 14 31 1. Lujilo, .... 200 Wesleyan 25 ... ... ... 4* . # . . ... 2. Bolo,. 300 None 50 ... «• • 3. Memena, .... 20 12 • 44 4. Quanti, .... 200 12 • • « 5. Henderson, 150 Wesleyan at Cathcart 35 *27 ... *8 *« • 6. Sentani, . . . . 30 None 4. . 7. Tembani, .... 250 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... III. MBULU,. 1250 None 150 21 108 4 18 16 250 50 18 6 1. Lutuli, .... 900 150 ... 70 2 8 30 7 4 2. Esigubudweni, . 600 130 ... 60 2 15 30 15 7 3. Cibala, .... 600 120 ... 55 1 12 20 12 5 4. Incisininde, 1800 250 ... 180 5 40 -1 220 | 60 40 40 * 5. Izolo,. 6. Upper Xolobe, . 7. Lower Xolobe (part) and) Quanti, . . . ) 400 F. C. Out-station, 8 miles 200 ... 70 3 10 .../ 20 8 13 900 None 30 ... 5 1 23 900 ... 140 ... 48 ... 15 ... ... 25 22 3 8. Mbassa, .... 300 50 5 . 9. Gxwasha, .... 1800 Episc. Out-stn., 8 miles 120 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... • ••' IV. ADELAIDE, . . 4^ at ' 2000 None 300 5 71 3 7 4 45 7 2 13 ’ (Europ. ... 70 ... 33 5 21 7 3 Upper Koonap, . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... V. COLUMBA. 8000 None )230 2 71 31 55 40 9 9 1. Leslie, .... 2. Zezani, 3. Centuli, .... 4. Lower Kobonqaba, . 5. Lower Quolora, 6. Teko, .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... VI. MALAN. 5000 (5 Out-stations, W.,and) ( 2 Stations, E. E. j 210 2 69 2 21 7 35 66 ... 13 1. Shixini, 2. Qora. 3. Ndadamba, 4. Nyokana, .... 5. Nqabara, .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... VII. SOMERSET AND GLENAVON, 4 ... ... -1 4 (48 ... ... ... ... -I ’ t ... , . . ... j ) 36 ... 14) . .. 1. Cook House, 2. Boos’s, .... 3. Karsiga, .... 4. Glenburnie, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5. Wilmoss Kloof, . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 444 ... ij VIII. TARKASTAD, . Tarka, . . . N. 300 None 60 3 n,-) oZ ... ... ... ... *3 ... ... * “ V * Classed in Membership of Emgwali Church. f At all Stations. i 55 PERSONAL STATISTICS. i Meetings and Classes. Evangelists. . V? S sf T- +* "H ^ r*; Persons Conducting. Attendance. Sabbath Schools. Teachers. Scholars on Roll. ; Average Attendance. Bible Classes. Scholars on Roll. Average Attendance. . l ... 60 ... ... ... ... ... ( 1 Minister 40) ... ... • •• ... ... ... ... (3(1 Mission Board. 4 < 3 Elders 60S- 1 10 90 60 2 40 30 3 s 15 Eglinton Street. ( 3 Elders’ Wives 55) (30 Mission Board. 2 1 Elder and Elder’s Wife 25 ... ... • •• ... ... !" ... ... . . • ... i Elders 12 ... ... i Elders 12 ... ... 3 2 Elders 25 i 3 40 30 ... 1 30 Mission Board. 1 1 Elder 15 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 Missionary and Elders l 7 70 -t-3 . 2 1 10 Mbulu Church. 4 Elders ... l 4 40 cc o _ o 2 ,. ... 4 ... ... l 5 60 g ^ 1 ... ... ... 15 £8 people, and £7 M.B. 4 ... ... l 6 35 X ’—’ 2 • .. ... ... 15 £8 people, and £7 M.B. 4 ... 8 100 Z P 1 ... 4 ... ... ... 5 50 02 i—4 o 1 • •• ... ... ... 4 ... ... 2 12 1 ... ... ... ... 4 ... ... 8 50 bD tS cc ,£2 2 ... ... ... ... 4 ... 1 15 1 ... ... ... ... 3 20 1 ... ... 15 £3, 10s. peo., & £11,10s. M.B. 3 Elders 100 l 3 30 20 1 30 18 1 25 Mission Board. 1 Elders 30 l 4 43 30 1 25 18 ... ... ... 1 > ' l 2 < 1 8 4 1 l 2 1 7 4 ... ... • i. ... l 1 ... ... ... ... - Minister and People 50 -j ... ... i-170 90 4 1 4 4 1 15 Wilson Church, Perth. ... i 7 - 1 15 Y.M.O.A., Highbury, Lond. l J -- 7 7 - l 22 15 ... ... ... l Women’s Meeting 10 i 2 15 15 3 66 44 ••• • •• ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 42 Mission Board. ... ::: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ::: ... ::: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 56 APPENDIX II.— Congregational Contributions. Collections. Subscriptions Money Value. Buildings and Repairs. Value of Labour. Mission and Benevolent. Total. V s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ x. d. 45 1G 8 2 0 5 6 15 5 ... ... 54 12 6 25 15 4 ... 9 0 0 34 15 4 ... ... *2 10 0 ... ... ... ... *1 10 0 ... 50 1 0 ... 75 17 4 ... 125 18 4 ... 29 'ib 0 •. • ... 29 10 0 60 0 0 340 0 0 ... 150 0 0 ... 570 0 0 21 11 9 21 11 9 105 0 0 ... 222 0 0 ... 13 b 0 340 0 0 5 13 9 4 7 3 r - ... ... 3 2 9 13 3 9 ... ... 2 "’o 0 ... ... 2 *0 0 18 8 ... ... ... ... 18 8 27 12 2) ... ... ... * * * 14 9 4j ... ... ... ... 42 1 6 ... ... ... ... ... STATIONS AND OUT-STATIONS. (Nat. (Europ. I. GLENTHORN, . 1. Haming, . 2. Tborukloof, 3. Brambosch, 4. Spring Yale, 5. Liuton, 6. Austrey, 7. Whyte Bank, 8. Millness, 9. Poplar Grove, 10. July’s Kloof, 11. Damon’s Kloof, 12. Ettrick, II. EMGWALI, 1. Lujilo, 2. Bolo, . 3. Memena, . 4. Quanti, 5. Henderson, G. Sentani, 7. Tembani, . III. MBULU, . 1. Lutuli, 2. Esigubudweni 3. Cibala, 4. Incisininde, 5. Izolo, 6. Upper Xolobe, 7. Lower Xolobe, 8. Mbassa, 9. Gxwasha, . IV. ADELAIDE, . Upper Koonap, V. COLUMBA, 1. Leslie, 2. Zezani, 3. Centuli, 4. Lower Kobonqaba, 5. Lower Quolora, 6. Teko, VI. MALAN, . 1. Shixini, 2. Qora, 3. Ndadamba, 4. Nyokaria, . 5. Nqabara, . VII. SOMERSET AND GLEN- AVON, . 1. Cook House, 2. Boos’s, 3. Karsiga, . 4 Glenburnie, 5. Wilmcss Kloof, VIII. TARKASTAD, 'l'arka, . I? { (N Included in £9 above. ot CONGREGATIONAL STATISTICS. Ministerial. Mission Property. Paid Insurance. Paid 1-1 rO a> < O m £ < p £ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ } 250 {I: 45 15 8 25 15 4 j- 178 8 0 n 250 50 1 0 199 19 0 1 2 1 505-6 Mr. Gumming 250 Mr. Stirling 1 ... r i 1 12 150 i 5 i Hut 5 • #* i Hut 5 • • • 250 60 0 0 190 0 0 i i ... 5 5 120 i 5 i 5 ,,, i 5 • •• L i ... ... ... } 250 {!: 21 11 9 j- 123 8 3 J Native Church Property, £600. 105 0 0 ... ^ Premium, £6, 3s. 250 10 1 0 239 19 0 fl 1 400 270 None. fl ... fl • • • fl 1 fl 1 250 18 8 248 11 4 1 2 1 400 200 None. 70 70 0 0 ... ... ... ... ... j Used also as School. J Built on Leased Ground. 58 APPENDIX IIP—EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. STATIONS AND OUT-STATIONS. Scholars. Attendance. Fees. Government Grants. Salary Paid by Mission Board. Teachers’ Income. Male. Female. £ S. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ 5. d. I. GLENTHORN, . 24 20 0 0 30 0 0 None 50 0 0 1. Haining, . 2. Tkornkloof, 3. Bramboscb, 4. Spring Yale, 5. Linton, 6. Austrey, 7. Whyte Bank, 8. Millness, . 9. Poplar Grove, . 10. July’s Kloof, 11. Damon's Kloof,. 12. Etti’ick, 13. Koonap, 14. Quaggas Kirk, . II. EMGWALI, 57 30 1 2 0 30 0 0 5 0 0 36 2 0 Assistant, ... 30 0 0 30 0 0 1. Lujilo, ... ... 2. Bolo,.... ... 3. Memena, . ... 4. Quanti, ... 5. Henderson, is 28 36 None 30 0 0 30 6 0 Assistant, ... 15 0 0 15 0 0 6. Sentani, ... 7. Tembani, . ... ... ... ... III. MBULU. 100 20 0 0 40 0 0 10 0 0 70 0 0 1. Lutuli, 75 15 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 0 55 0 0 2. Esigubudweni, . 50 10 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 0 50 0 0 3. Cibala, 40 10 0 0 30 0 0 5 0 0 45 0 0 4. Incisininde, 80 10 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 0 50 0 0 5. Izolo, 110 12 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 0 52 0 0 6. Upper Xolobe, . 25 8 0 0 20 0 0 5 0 0 33 0 0 7. Lower Xolobe, . 40 5 0 0 20 0 0 15 0 0 40 0 0 8. Mbassa, 30 5 0 0 20 0 0 25 0 0 9. Gxwaslia, . ... ... ... ... ... IV. ADELAIDE, . £ 2 27 20 0 0 30 0 0 £56, incl. £6 for 1. Upper Koonap, . ... ... f ... ... ... V. COLUMBA, 16 14 20 1 2 6 20 0 0 12 0 0 33 2 6 1. Leslie, 17 23 25 3 0 0 30 0 0 12 0 0 45 0 0 2. Zezani, 16 6 16 15 0 0 9 0 0 24 0 0 3. Centuli, 4. Lower Kobonqaba, . li 4 9 6 0 0 6 0 0 5. Lower Quolora,. ... ... . •. 6. Teko, 14 28 30 0 7 6 20 6 0 12 0 0 32 7 6 VI. MALAN. 30 0 0 *15 0 0 45 0 0 1. Sliixini, 10 6 0 30 0 0 40 0 0 2. Qora,.... 3. Ndadamba, 4. Nyokana, . 5. Nqabara, . ... VII. SOMERSET, . 1. Oook House, 2. Boos’s, 3. Karsiga, 4. Glenburnie, 5. Wilmoss Kloof, . ... VIII. TARKASTAD, . Tarka, .... ... ... ... * Paid by John Street, Glasgow. MORRTSON AND GIBB, EDINBURGH, PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY S STATIONERY OFFICE.