BULGARIA ======= AT THE - - A UNIVERSAL A r EXPOSITION SAINT LOUIS 1904 OFFICIAL CATALOGUE Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from » / Columbia University Libraries https://archive.org/details/bulgariaatuniverOOIoui BULGARIA === AT THE - UNIVERSAL A EXPOSITION 1 SAINT LOUIS 1904 OFFICIAL CATALOGUE H. R. H. FERDINAND I, Prince of Bulgaria. H. R. H., HEIR TO THE THRONE. Prince Boris of Tirnovo. Reigning Prince , H. R. H. FERDINAND ist. Heir to the Throne. H. R. H. BORIS, Prince of Tirnovo. General R. Petroff, D. Petcoff, Dr. N. Guenadieff, Iv. Shishmanoff, L. Paiacoff, G. Staicoff, D. POPPOFF, General M. Savoff, President Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Minister of the Interior. Minister of Commerce and Agricultur Minister of Public Instruction. Minister of Finances. Minister of Justice. Minister of Public Works and Communications. Minister of War. COMMITTEE OF ORGANIZATION FOR THE PARTICIPATION of BULGARIA IN THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS. PRESIDENT, DR. N. GUENADIEFF, Minister of Commerce and Agriculture. VICE-PRESIDENT, P. KOSEFF, Chief of Section of Commerce, Industry and Trades. members: CHR. M. BONTCHEFF, Secretary General, Ministry of Finances. G. VERNAZZA, Chief of the Protocol, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. S. SARAFOFF, Director of State Railways. MOMTCHIFOFF, Chief of Section, Ministry of Public Works and Com¬ munications. IV. SARANOFF, Chief of Section, Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture. TABAKOFF, Inspector in Chief, Ministry of Public Instruction. DOBROVSKI, Director of the National Museum. IV. MRKVITCHKA, Director of the Fine Arts School. A. MITOFF, Professor in the Fine Arts School. SECRETARY, G. S. GINEFF, Assistant to Chief of Section of Commerce and Agriculture. Commissioner General , P. M. MATTHEEFF. Assistants to the Commissioner General D. N. STANCIOFF. S. SCHTERBANOFF. EAST ENTRANCE OF BULGARIAN SECTION. • • • BULGARIA • • • A Constitutional Monarchy with a National Assembly. The reigning - Prince is H. R. H. FERDINAND I, of the House of Saxe-Coburg Gotha and the Crown Prince is BORIS of TIRNOVO, the eldest son. The State religion is the Orthodox, with an Exarch as chief, who resides in Constantinople, from where he directs also the churches and schools of the Bulgarians under the Turkish dominion. The Bulgarian nation is of Slavonic race. Of the Finnish race, the original Bulgarians, who subjugated the Slavs settled in the countries south of the Danube, there remains the name only, which the nation has borne ever since. The nation had apparently ceased to exist under the former powerful rule of the Turks. As a result of the Turco-Russian war in 1877, the Princi¬ pality of Bulgaria was constituted north of the Balkans. At the same time a full autonomous government was granted to the province south of this range of mountains, under the name of Eastern Roumelia. In 1885 these two countries united, and they form the present Bulgarian Principality. The country is administered by a Government composed of eight ministers. President Minister, holding a portfolio ; at pres¬ ent that of Foreign Affairs. Minister for the Interior. Minister of Finances. Minister of Justice. Minister of Commerce and Agriculture. Minister of Public Works and Communications. Minister of Public Instruction. Minister of War. The Cabinet is responsible to the National Assembly. 9 For administrative purposes the country is divided into departments, districts and communes. The commune is the administrative unit. The franchise is complete ; every one registered Bulgarian subject is a free elector, and every one such, who can read and write, is eligible to all institutions provided by the constitution. Every department has its provincial assembly, and every commune its council, elected for three years. The election to the National Assembly is for five years. The area of the country is 99,276 square kms, or 38,333 square miles, and its population has just attained 4,000,000 souls. The largest city is the capital, Sophia, with a popula¬ tion of nearly 80,000, its population in 1879 was not over 20,000. The country, for its size, is mountainous. It is traversed by the Balkans from west to east, and bounded to the west by the Rhodope chain. The highest peak is 8,930 feet. The capital, Sophia, is situated in a valley at the foot of one of the Rhodope Mountains, the Vitosh, just over 7,000 feet in height. The limits of the country are : the Black Sea on the east, the River Danube on the north and the Kingdom of Servia and the Turkish provinces on the other sides. The climate is moderate. The vine prospers all over the country. The flag of the country is white, green and red, hori¬ zontally disposed, and the arms are a crowned gold lion, rampant, on a red shield. The measures and weights and the monetary systems of the country are the decimal. The density of the population is 105 souls to the square mile. It is chiefly agricultural, to the extent of 73 per cent of the whole ; 10 per cent is occupied in industrial pursuits ; 5 per cent in commercial; 2 per cent in the professions; 2 >4 per cent in the military and public services ; 1 >4 per cent in transportation business, and 6 per cent in various work. Of the area, 33 per cent is under cultivation; 29 per cent is covered by forest or wood ; 10 per cent is pasture land, and 27 per cent is covered by the roads, beds of rivers, fallow and waste lands. The country is a breeder of cattle, and largely exports such. According to the last census there were in the country. 10 two years ago, 11,417,485 head of domestic animals—horses, mules, donkeys, oxen, cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs. The United States are very good customers for the country’s kid and goat raw skins. Its chief agricultural products are wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, millet, rice, rape seed (colza), sesam, and many other kinds of oil-bearing and leguminous food grains. In the production of wheat, Bulgaria ranks the second among the European countries, and the first in that of winter wheat. Agricultural machinery is rapidly being introduced into the country. A good proportion is supplied from the United States. The Apiculture, the raising of the silk worm, the culture of tobacco; the replantation of the vine, devastated by the phyloxera; the extension of the cultivation of the rose, pro¬ ducing the attar of roses, are especially encouraged by the Government. Last year 311,000 kilograms, or 310 tons, of raw silk were exported. The produce of tobacco the same year was 2,000,000 kilo¬ grams, or 2,000 tons; that of attar of roses has run up to 6,000 kilograms, or 13,000 pounds. The United States is fast becoming our best market for the attar of roses. This industry is a specialty to Bulgaria ; the article itself is very precious. The home price is 700 to 800 francs per kilogram, or $70.00 to $80.00 per pound. The textile industry has always been remarkable, especially its cloths and rugs. Within the last few years some twenty cloth factories, or factories in connection with the weaving of cloth, with the best modern machinery, have been built. The native Bulgarian, especially the peasant, however, still prefers to clothe himself in the home handloom-made woolen and cotton cloth. The wool is usually from his own sheep ; his family spins it, dyes it and weaves it into cloth. The country exports cloth both home and factory made. A special progress has been made in the rug industry. Eight years ago the Government invited to the country experienced men and women from Asia Minor and settled them, now in one district, now in another, where already the people were adepts in the rug industry. The success has been very great. The Oriental rugs produced now in Bulgaria are remarkable for their good work, designs and vegetable dyes. 11 BULGARIAN SECTION. Interior View. Southwest Corner. The designs are either copies of old Persian models or those for which the Government invited competition and offered prizes for. Generally, every native is a proprietor and tills invariably, if a cultivator, his own land, with his own cattle, usually the oxen. The drink of the Bulgarian is wine, which he produces from his own vineyard, but lately beer has largely come into use. There are now in the country twenty-five breweries ; twenty-five years ago there were none. The distillation of alcohol introduced into the country fifteen years ago, has developed and has very considerably diminished the importation of the article. Porcelain, ceramics are new industries to the country ; they are being successfully developed. To encourage these and other industries, the Government supports special schools, such as for the working of iron; foundry work; textiles; woolen, cotton and silk; carving in wood; dyeing; carpenter¬ ing and joiners’ work, etc. Traveling teachers are sent over the country, who go from place to place, inspect and give a more intelligent direction to the methods in use. These organize short-term courses in the proper localities, to teach the better finishing of the hitherto crude article, as in cutlery, pottery ; to teach basket and straw-hat making, according to the most approved models ; the better curing of skins, and an improved manufacture of wooden household utensils, etc. There are in the country three State and two provincial agricultural schools, and two special for the making of wine and the proper cultivation of the vine. The forests, which existed only in name twenty-five years ago, are being protected and developed under the inspection of men prepared for the purpose by studies and practical knowledge in foreign countries. With this in view, the State supports a school of Forestry and Fishery. As the State Agricultural schools are increasing in number and extent their nurseries for fruit trees, for distribution to the cultivators, so the forestry department is indefatigably working to encourage the preservation of existing forests and the planting of new ones by the planting and the distribution of forest plants. 13 BULGARIAN SECTION. Interior View from Northeast. The improvement of the cattle of the country is not neg¬ lected. Domestic animals of all classes and selected breeds, from the fowl to the horse, are at great expense introduced into the country by the Government, provincial authorities and private persons, and the result in the amelioration of the native breeds is already remarkable. The wild game of the country consists mainly of: the bear, fox, wolf, deer, the wild pig, the chamois, wild goat, hare, the wild cat, otter, weasel, and bustard, pelican, heron, wood cock, goose, duck, swan, faisant, eagle, falcon, dove, vulture, owl, quail, partridge, pigeon, etc. The black cock is not a stranger to the pine forests of the country. The spring trout is abundant in the mountain streams. Everybody in possession of a Government permit may hunt or shoot within the season over any land. The game is public property, under Government control. The mineral and coal deposits are important, but the country lacks the capital for working them. At present coal alone is extracted, but there are very rich beds of iron, copper, zinc and lead under concession and free. Eight years ago three Chambers of Commerce were con¬ stituted in Sophia, Plovdiv and Varna. These institutions are doing excellent work. They act as practical advisers to the Government on commercial and industrial interests. Figures will best give an idea of what the country has done within the last twenty-five years. In this period the length of our railways has grown from 222 km. to 1,270km., or 138 to 790 miles—State railways alone. Our public roads had in 1879 a nominal length of 2,000 km., or 1,243 miles. These have been reconstructed and the net work now is 5,321 km., or 3,310 miles built, and 843 km., or 524 miles, are under construction. These roads are of three classes of breadths, 7, 8 and 10 meters (a meter is a little over a yard). The State has during this period spent on them 95,000,000 francs, or $19,000,000. Our telegraph lines had in 1886 a length of 3,500 km., or 2,175 miles ; to-day they are 5,400 km., or 3,356 miles. In 1886 we had 5 km.,or 3 miles, of telephone lines; to-day we have 900 km., or 560 miles. In 1886 the number of our post-offices was 102, to-day the number is 201. 15 In the post-office service we have in practice every branch provided for in the International Postal Union Conventions. This service has developed within the past ten years 300 per cent. A post-office saving's bank was established in 1896, and the deposits have grown from 28,000,000 francs to 132,000,000 francs, or $5,600,000, to $26,000,000 last year. The Agricultural Bank’s capital in 1893 was 19,000,000 francs, or $3,800,000; in 1902 it rose to 39,000,000 francs, or $7,800,000. In the first year the amount of its operations was 62,000,000 francs, or $12,400,000 ; that of 1902 was 825,000,000 francs, or $165,000,000. The National Bank’s operations in 1886 were 250,000,000 francs, or $50,000,000 ; last year these amounted to 1,950,000,000 francs, or $390,000,000. Our exports and imports have grown from 52,000,000 francs, or $10,400,000, in 1879, to 190,000,000 francs, or $38,000,000, in 1902. The country’s budget has increased from 44,000,000 francs, or $8,800,000, in 1879 (revenues and expenses), to nearly 200,000,000 francs, or $40,000,000, for the last year. Undoubtedly the most remarkable progress made is in the education of the people. Education is by law obligatory, and the State provides, at its expense, for the higher class. It supports in part and controls also the primary schools. In 1879 there was only one school in the whole country which could pretend to the title of gymnasium. There could not have been 20 per cent of the male city population able to read and write, whereas to-day, according to the census for 1900, 92 per cent of the male city Bulgarian population between the ages of ten and twenty can read and write, and 74 per cent of the female, and 68 per cent of the male and 18 per cent of the female rural. This is a result which none of the countries, neighbors of Bulgaria and others to the west, can show. There are now eight gymnasiums for boys and five for girls ; four normal schools for preparing competent teachers for the primary schools ; a seminary, two special commercial schools and a university with three faculties—history and philology ; physics, mathematics and natural history, and law. The university, founded in 1887, is attended by 700 students, among them several females, who, three years ago, 16 were admitted on an equal footing with the males. The State spends for this university 500,000 francs, or $100,000, yearly. In 1896 a special school for drawing was established. It has developed into a school of fine arts, the students of which have exhibits both in the Bulgarian Section in the Fine Arts Department and in that of Education in this Exposition. The State spends about 8 per cent of its resources for the support of education. In 1900 there were 4,835 primary and secondary schools, and 9,792 teachers. The attendance of these schools was, in 1900, 368,097. For ten years past the Government Bureau of Statistics and Charts has been regularly turning out most excellent and thoroughly finished work. The publications and diagram charts in the Bulgarian exhibit are a good example of this work. These publications treat with full detail concerning every branch of the administration—industry, agriculture, com¬ merce, education and communications, and census of the people in all classes and conditions. In appreciating the progress made in Bulgaria, it must be borne in mind that the country is situated within a very absorbing political atmosphere, which has certainly been a drawback to its fuller development. The army has been more than doubled within the last few years. The military service is obligatory. Actually, the country has to support a standing army, with all its modern equipments—42,000 men. This is a severe drain upon a country not bigger or more populated than the United States’ State of Ohio. The country, as a factor—able to do anything for itself— has had an existence just over twenty-five years. Before that period it existed merely geographically ; it then had the existence of a province under Turkish rule, similar to the present existence of Macedonia. Twenty-five years ago the country had recourse to foreign¬ ers for professors, engineers, men of law, financiers, and specialists for all the administrative branches—financial, industrial, economical—and for the organization and com¬ mand of the public forces. Now all this work is done by specially educated Bulgarians. There is not a foreigner in the service of the State. 1 7 BULGARIAN SECTION. View of Attar of Roses Exhibit, from the West. Department of Education. Location: Palace of Education, Block 12. GROUP U ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: Sophia, Tirnovo, Kustendil, Shoumen Varna and Rousse. Manual Training. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. GROUP 2. HIGH PEDAGOGICAL SCHOOLS: Lom and Kazanlik. Manual Training and Photograph Views. HIGH SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS: Tirnovo, Stara-Zagora, Plovdiv and Sophia. Manual Training, Drawings and Photograph Views. HIGH SCHOOLS FOR BOYS: Tirnovo, Varna, Sophia, Plovdiv and Rousse. Drawings and Photograph Views. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. GROUP 3. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. NATIONAL MUSEUM, Sophia. Reproduction of rare objects of antiquity in the possession of the Museum. GROUP 4. STATE DRAWING SCHOOL: Sophia. Busts in Plaster of Paris, Drawings and Paintings. STATE UNIVERSITY: Sophia. Statistics and Photographic Views. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. GROUP 6. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS: Sadovo and Rousse. Photograph Views. 19 Department of Fine Arts. Location: Palace of Fine Arts, West Pavilion, Gallery 127. Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture. GROUP 9. DIMOFF, V., Sophia. 1. Ancient Bulgarian Kings. ILLIEFF, H., Sophia. Honorable mention, Paris, 1900 . 2. Landscape. EVSTATIEFF, G., Sophia. 3. Goats. 4. Sheep. HOREISHIN, D., Sophia. Honorable mention, Paris, 1900 . 5. Wild Goats. MARINOFF, V., Sophia. 6 . Landscape. MARINOFF, I., Sophia. 7. Landscape. MAVRODINOFF, T., Sophia. 8 . Macedonian Woman. MITOFF, A., Sophia. Bronze medal, Paris, 1900 . 9. Scene at the Market in the City of Sophia. 10. Old Fountain in Plevna. 11 . Capricious Gypsy Child. 12. Mother and Daughter-in-law in the Market of Sophia. 13. Gypsy Woman Selling Sieves. 14. Gypsy Women Taking Their Breakfast in the City of Sophia. 15. Girls at the Market in the City of Silistra. 16. A Group of Peasant Women in the Market of Sophia. 17. A Peasant Woman Selling Geese in the Market of Sophia. 17a. Woman in the Market of Silistra. MRKVITCHKA, I. V., Sophia. Gold medal, Paris, 1900 . 18. Portrait of H. R. H., the Late Princess of Bulgaria. 18a. Bulgarian Dance. 19. Refugees. 20. Under the Protection of the Crescent. 21. Insurgents. 22. All Saints. 20 PHILIPOFF, V., Sophia. 23. Macedonian Woman. STANTCIOFF, CH., Philippople. 24. Landscape. VESIN YAROSLAV, Sophia. Honorable mention, Paris, 1900 . 26. Horse Market. 26a. Shipka. GROUP 14. MICHAILOFF, B., Sophia. 1-4. Designs for Church Window. (Water color). TATCHEFF, H. K., Sophia. 5-10. Designs for Book Cover. (Water color.) 11. Ancient Bulgarian Plate. 12. Ancient Bulgarian Church Inscription. PERFANOFF, D. T., Sophia. 13-14. D esigns for Rugs. GROUP 11. Sculpture. SCHATZ, BORIS, Sophia. Si lver medal, Paris, 1900 . 27. Matatia. Plaster Statue. Lent by H. R. H., the Prince of Bulgaria, 28. The Mother of Moses. Plaster Statue. Lent by the National Musee of Sophia. 29. Russian Soldier. Plaster Statue. 30. Bulgarian Peasant Musician. Plaster Bust. 31. A Boy. Bronze Bust. 32. Rabbi. Bronze Bas-relief. 33. The Prayer. Bronze Bas-relief. 34. Dr. HerzI. Bronze Bas-relief. 35. Wrestler. Bronze Bas-relief. 36. Tobacco Snuffing. Bronze Bas-relief. 37. Melancholy. Bronze Bas-relief. 38. Unfortunate. Bronze Bas-relief. 39. Woodman. Bronze Bas-relief. 40. The Prayer. Bronze Bas-relief. 41. Gypsy. Bronze Bas-relief. 42. Old Gypsy. Bronze Bas-relief. 43. Fountain in the Bulgarian Section of Varied Industries. Plas¬ ter and Wood. 44. Sculptured and Gilded Frame for the Picture of H. R. H., the Late Princess of Bulgaria. 21 BULGARIAN SECTION. Interior View, Northeast Corner. GROUP 9. BERBEROFF, Sophia* 45. Landscape. (Rila). HOREISHIN, D., Sophia. 5a. Game. MITOFF, A., Sophia. J7b. Sophia Market. MRKVITCHKA, I. V.. Sophia. 22a. At the Spring. (Water color). 22b. Mother and Child. 22c. Young Widow at the Grave. 22d. Turk. (Bashibozouk.) 22e. At the Well. 22f. Goat Herd. 22g. Village Dance. STANCIOFF, CH. # Plovdir. 24a. A Quieted House. OBERBAUER, G., Sophia. 22h. Shepherd. 22 i. Sportsman. 22j. Village Bar. 22k. Convent. 23 BULGARIAN SECTION Education Department of Liberal Arts Location: Palace of Varied Industries. Type Case, Artificial Leg;, Musical Instruments, Perfumery and Soap. GROUP 15. CHRITOFF, V., Doupnitza. Type Case. GROUP 18. MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND AGRICULTURE, Sophia. Map Showing Mineral Hot Springs in the Country. LIEUT.-COL. BOYADJIEFF, Sophia. Map of Bulgaria in Relief. GROUP 20. TCHAPKINOFF, N„ Sophia. Artificial Leg. GROUP 21. TOMALEVSKY, N., Sophia. Violins, Guitar. GROUP 23. BOYADJIEFF, Dr., Sophia. Tooth Powder. CHRISTOFF, CH., Kazanlik. Attar of Roses. DJIDJEFF CH. & ZOEFF, N., Karlovo. Attar of Roses. PAPPAZOFF, A., Plovdiv. Perfumery and Soap. PAPPAZOGLOU B. & CO., Kazanlik. Attar of Roses and Rose Water. “BULGARIAN PRODUCER/' Karlovo Attar of Roses. SIMIDOFF PH., Rousse. Hair Tonic and Tooth Water. SHIPKOFF & CO., Kazanlik. Attar of Roses and Rose Water. STEFANOFF, M. S., Klissoura. Attar of Roses and Rose Water. 25 mm . ■. « ■ ■ V.I 8 " ■- -i-;. L fliynnr'"te: 9 b 1 . 8 BULGARIAN SECTION Education. Department of Manufactures Location: In Palace of Varied Industries. Leather, Yarns, Silk Fabrics, Furs, Filigree, Rugs, Cutlery, Embroidery, Etc. GROUP 28. SIMIDOFF, PH., Rousse. Inks, Sealing Wax, and Liquid Gum. GROUP 29. BAILOFF, GH., Kostenetz. Daggers, Knives, Forks and Pocket Knives. CUTLERY CO., “RODOPSKY ELEN,” Kostenetz. Knives, Scissors, Razors, Pocket Knives and Daggers. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MUSEUM, Sophia. Knives, Forks, Pocket Knives, Scissors and Spoons, GROUP 30. GHEORGHIEFF, D., Lom. Napkin Rings, Cuff Buttons, Scarf Pins, Glass Holders, Belts, Tea Spoons, Spoon and Cigarette Holders, Cigarettes and Cart¬ ridge Cases and Bracelets. KOSTOFF, D., Sophia. Bracelets and Brooches. ZORZANOFF CHR., Sophia. Icons, Trays, Silver Peasant Bracelets, Rings, Ear Rings, Antique Silver and Gold Scarf Pins. GROUP 34. MARTINOFF, STOIL, Kazanlik. Shoes. NAKOFF, N. S., Lovetch. Leather Satchels, Pocketbooks, Purses and Sandals. GROUP 35. GHERSHON, JOSEF A., Sophia. Leather Trunks. BULGARIAN SECTION Fine Arts, GROUP 37 BRUHA, I. & CO., Sophia. Carved Altar Door. KAMBOUROFF, I. N„ Gabrovo. Carved Window Frame with Blinds. GROUP 38. BRUHA, I. & CO., Sophia. Chair, Stools and Smoking Table. GROUP 43. BAYEVA, ANASTASIA, Tzaribrod. Rugs. “ISTOTCHINI KILIMI” SOCIETY, Sophia. Rugs. MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND AGRICULTURE, Sophia. Rugs. MINKOFF, M. D., Tchiparovtsi. Rugs. MINTCHEFF GHEORGHI, Tzaribrod. Rugs. NEGHENTZOVA, MARIA, Gabrovo. Rugs. KABAKTCHIEFF, GHEORGHI, Sophia. Rugs. KLISSOUROFF & KOUKOULOFF, Sophia. Carpets. PERISKLIEFF NICOLA, Samokov. Rugs. RANGHELOFF, ZAHARI, Kopilovitza. Rugs. TCHITCHANOVA, ANASTASIA, Tzaribrod. Rugs. VALEVA, VASILKA, Tzaribrod. Rugs. GROUP 45. “IZIDA” CO., Sophia. Ceramic Products. GROUP 53. DRUMTCHEFF, IVAN S., Gabrovo. Lasts. GROUP 56. BEROFF, IVAN H., Gabrovo. Various Woolen Cloths. BAYADJIEFF & GHIGOFF, Slivcn. Various Woolen Cloths. KIRKESILIAN BROTHERS, Plovdiv. Dyed Yarn. 29 BULGARIAN SECTION Fine Arts. GROUP 57. ANTONOVA, CONSTANTINA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. DAMIANOVA, KATA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. EVLAMBLINA, A., Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. EZEKIEFF, KOTZO, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. GHEORGHIEVA, TZENKA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. GHEORGHIEFF, MITO. Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. GHEORGHIEVA, MARIA. Silk and Cotton Tissues. GHINEFF, STOIAN, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. IVANOVA. I. P., Vratza. Silk Cotton and Tissues. IGNATOVA, KATA, Vratza. Silk Cotton Tissues. KOTZOVA, TOTA, Vratza. Silk Tissues. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MUSEUM, Sophia. Silk Tissues. PANTELEEVA, ECATERINA, Plovdiv. Table Covers. PISHTIKOVA, MARIA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. PISTIKOVA, PARESKEVA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. PODBALKANSKA, PARASHKEVA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. POPOFF, M. K., Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. RAHNEVLOUVA, STEFA, Shoumen. Fabrics of Pure Silk Interwoven with Gold Silk and Silk in Skeins. SALTCHEVA, ELENA, Vratza. Flowers from Cocoons, in Frames. SAVOVITZA, IVANKA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. STATE SCHOOL FOR SILK INDUSTRY, Vratza. Silk, Scarfs, Handkerchiefs and Silk Tissues for Dresses. STATKOFF STAVRO, HADJI, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. 3i BULGARIAN SECTION. Fine Arts. THEODOROVA ECATERINA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. TORLASHKA, MARIA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. TAKIDJISKA, S A VET A, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. VELKOVA, IONA, Vratza. Silk and Cotton Tissues. STATE SCHOOL FOR SILK INDUSTRY, Vratza. Raw Silk. AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Sadovo. Raw Silk. GROUP 58. ANGHELOFF, DONTCHO, Sophia. Aprons. BENIAMIN PINKAS, Sophia. Belts and Sleeves. BALABANOFF, CHRISTO I., Kotel. Aprons. INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MUSEUM, Sophia. Belts and Aprons. PANTELEEVA, ECATERINA, Plovdiv. Table Covers. PECTOVITZA, STOIANKA, Plovdiv. Belts and Sleeves. TCHITCHANOVA, ANASTASIA, Sophia. Table Covers. ZORZANOFF, NIKOLA, Sophia. Curtains, Bed, Sofa, Table and Chair Covers. GROUP 59. NATIONAL MUSEUM, Sophia. Various National Costumes and Ornamental Jewelry. GROUP 60. KABAKTCHIEFF, GHEORGHI, Sophia. Bear’s Fur. KOJOUHAROFF, STEPHAN I., Kazanlik. Fox, Otter, Polecat, Weasel, etc., Furs. NAKOFF NICOLA C., Lovetch. Leather. PATEFF, IVAN T., Kazanlik. Leather. 33 Department of Transportation. Location : Palace of Varied Industries. GROUP 74. MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS, Sophia. Railway Road Maps. Photographs of Types of Trains. List and Drawings of Implements and Tools used in the exploitation of the State railways. Samples of Forms used in Exploitation. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. 34 Department of Agriculture Location: Palace of Varied Industries. Tobacco, Cereals, Wines, Etc. GROUP 81. DRINTCHEFF, MITO I., Tirnovo. Leaf Tobacco. GHIRGANOFF, D., Tirnovo. Leaf Tobacco. KABAKTCHIEFF, GHEORGHI, Sophia. Leaf Tobacco. LUBENOFF, NICOLA & CO., Plovdiv. Leaf Tobacco, Cut Tobacco and Cigarettes. SMOTCHIEVSKY, D. C., Doupnitza. Leaf Tobacco. STAVRIDES, D. & CO., Plovdiv. Leaf Tobacco, Cut Tobacco and Cigarettes. GROUP 83. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics: Diagram Charts and Publications. GROUP 84. BENEFF, SPAS, Koumaritza. Oats. DETCHEFF, PENU, Deskot. Corn. DISTRICT OF PHILIPPOPLE, Philippople. Rice. KARANATCHEFF BROTHERS, Svistov. Rape Seed. DISTRICT OF BELA-SLATINA, Bela-Slatina. Corn, Anis, Susam Seed. COMMUNITY OF PETRICHI, Petrichi. Wheat. DISTRICT OF PIRDOP, Pirdop. Oats and Wheat. PATRIKOFF, IVAN A., Diskot. Wheat. 35 •V?# SHIPKA. Yaroslav Vesin, Sophia. Bulgarian Section, Fine Arts. OLD FOUNTAIN IN PLEVNA. Anton Mitoff, Sophia. Bulgarian Section, Fine Arts. PAYAKOFF & VAJAROFF, Sophia. Flax Seed. POPPOFF, ST., Shabla. Spring Wheat. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Rousse. Wheat, Corn, Barley, Flax Seed, Lentils, Beans and Rape Seed. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Sadovo. Wheat, Barley, Oats, Beans, Sunflower Seed, Flax Seed, Corn and Opium. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL. Tatar-Bazardjik. Rape Seed. TERZIEFF, A. I., Ivantchea. Wheat. VLADKOFF, N. T., Ivantcha. Wheat and Barley. GROUP 87. DJOUMALIEFF, J., Sophia. Flour. ENTCHEFF, N. & CO., Varna. Flour. ZANKOFF, NIKIFOROFF, VELTCHEFF & CO., Lovetch. Flour. GROUP 92. BOITCHO BOGOEFF, Kustendil. Plum Brandy (Slivovitza). BULGARIAN BREWERY CO., Shoumen. Beer and Malt. BOYADJISKI, N. K., Tatar-Pazardjik. Wine, Vinegar and Cognac. FURNAGIEF, N. & K., Karlovo. Wine. GONEFF, M., Kustendil. Plum Brandy (Slivovitza). HADJIENOFF, I. N., Sophia. Refined Alcohol. KATZAROFF, ST., Tatar-Pazardjik. Cognac. KOJOUHAROFF, L. I., Stara-Zagora. Cognac. KOLAROFF, I, S., Tchirpan. Wine. LUBENOFF, IVAN, Stara-Zagora. Cognac. MUNICIPALITY OF STARA-ZAGORA, Stara-Zagora. Wine, Alcohol and Plum Brandy (Slivovitza). 37 H. R. H. LATE PRINCESS OF BULGARIA. Ivan Mrkvitchka. Sophia. Bulgarian Section, Fine Arts. LOSANOFF & DJOUNOFF, Viddin. Refined Alcohol. NICOGLOU, A. S., Tatar-Pazardjik. Cognac, Brandy (Slivovitza) and Vinegar. PAPAZOFF, S. A. & CO., Plovdiv. Wine, Cherry Brandy and Mastica. PEITCHO BAEFF & CO., Stara-Zagora. Cognac. SHEKERDJI, M., A., Berkovitza. Raspberry Wine. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Sadovo. Wine. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Tatar-Pazardjlk. Wine. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Kustendil. Plum Brandy (Slivovitza). STATE SCHOOL FOR MAKING WINE, Pleven. Wine. STAVRIDIS, S., Sophia. Cognac. STOYMENOFF YANAKIEFF, CHR. & N., Tatar-Pazardjik. Wine. IVANOFF, N., Tatar-Pazardjik. Wine. THEODOROFF, I., Plovdiv. Cognac, Mastica and Wine. GROUP 96. STATE AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Sadovo. Honey and Beeswax. VATCHKOFF, M. K., Soohin-Dol. Honey and Beeswax. 39 AN INSURGENT. Ivan Mrkvitchka, Sophia. Bulgarian Section, Fine Arts. Department of Mines and Metallurgy. Location: Palace of Varied Industries. GROUP 116. GHEORGHIEFF BROTHERS, Stara-Zagora. Coal. SLAVTCHOFF, N., Tirnovo. Coal. IKONOMOFF, D., Kazanlik. Copper Ore. LILOFF, IVAN, Sophia. Manganite Ore. MINISTRY OF COMMERCE AND AGRICULTURE, Sophia. Coal, Syenite, Marble and Granite. POPPOFF, G. D., Kazanlik. Copper Ore. POPPOFF, G., Sophia. Lithograph Stone. RADANOFF & MANOLOFF, “BORIS,” Razgrad. Coal. SASELOFF, D., Sophia. Manganite Ore. SLAVOFF, S., Kazanlik. Marble. SIMEONOFF, ST., Rousse. Coal. SOCIETE D' EXPLOAT AT ION, “PRINCE BORIS,” Trevna. Coal. THEODOROFF, PET CO, “BLAGODAT,” Sophia. Copper Ore. GROUP 117. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Diagram Charts. 4i Department of Fish and Game Location: Palace of Varied Industries. GROUP 122. KESSIMOFF, TH., Tirnovo. Silk Fishing Nets. Department of Social Economy. Location: Palace of Varied Industries. GROUP 129. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Statistics on All Subjects. GROUP 135. BUREAU OF STATISTICS, Sophia. Bank Statistics. 42 Attar of Roses. CHR. DJIDJEFF & N. ZOEFF, KARLOVO, BULGARIA. Proprietors of extensive rose plantations in Karlovo, Ivazanlik ancl Brezovo, and three large distilleries under the direction of specialist chemists. The only producers in Bulgaria according to the latest perfected system. Purity guaranteed. The best house which, encouraged by its successful experience, undertakes to supply large manufacturing establishments for the production of pure perfume “CONCRETE'’ from Bulgarian roses. IVAN MICHAILOFF TCHIRPAN, BULGARIA DEALERS IN VARIOUS PURE NATIVE RED AND WHITE WINES. RETAIL AND WHOLESALE. 43 SLAVI SLAVOFF KAZANLIK, BULGARIA Concessionary of the Marble quarry “Bozloudja. ’ The marble of this quarry possesses a delicate blue color, streaked white and black. It is distinguished by its compactness and specific weight 2 — .8.— Large sized blocks are obtained from this quarry. BULGARIAN BREWERY CO. SHOUMEN-ROUSSE, BULGARIA Founded in 1882. Provided with steam machinery for brewing, cooling and the making of artificial ice. AWARDS: Diplome d’Honneur and Gold Medal, Plov¬ div Exposition, in 1892. Silver Medal, - Antwerp Exposition, 1894. Silver Medal, - Paris Exposition, 1900. 44 GHEOGHE KABAKTCHIEFF SOPHIA, BULGARIA Banking House : Commission and Agencies. Importation : Machines for writing, knitting and sewing, bicycles, water-meters, rubber shoes, etc. Exportation : Bulgarian woolen rugs, tobacco, Turkish and Bulgarian of all kinds. IVAN LUBENOFF STARA-ZAGORA, BULGARIA Proprietor of vineyards, producer of natural wines and mastica. Founded in 1881. Its products have been analyzed by the competent authorities in Sophia and found pure and excellent. They have been exhibited in Paris, Lon¬ don, Lyons, Marseilles, Bordeaux, Lille, Brussels, Rome, Murcia (Spain), and have been awarded: Hors Concours, Diplome d’Honneur and Gold Medals. 45 Zankoff, Nikiforoff,Velkoff &Co. LOVETCH, BULGARIA, The First Cylinder Flour Mill Established in 1898 . Diplome d’ Honneur, Rousse in 1898 . Gold Medal, Paris, in 1900 . Depots: Lovetch, Plevna and Sophia. Depots and Agencies: Plovdiv, Rousse, Nikopol. Svistov, Sevlievo and Gabrovo. General and Sole Agent for Eastern Bul¬ garia and for Exports: Dotcho Vankoff, Var¬ na, Bulgaria. Telegraph Address: Lovetch, Brestovete; Varna, Dotcho Vankoff. The machinery of the mill is of the latest improved models and produces The Finest Flour from the Renowned “Balkan” Hard Wheat IVAN KOLAROFF TCHIRPAN, BULGARIA PRODUCER OF VARIOUS NATURAL WINES, SPIRITS, COGNAC, ETC. -Depots in- Tchirpan and Haskovo 46 Gar abet M. Kikkeselian & Brothers, PLOVDIV, BULGARIA. STEAM FACTORY AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FOR DYEING. J. Rapid and Sure Bleaching 2. Alizarine Indelible Red. 3. Aniline Black. 4. Mineral Colors; Orange and Chrome Yellow. 5. Indigo, Bleu de Cuve. 6♦ Mercerisage. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FOR DYEING. U Prepared Indigo. 47 M. S. Stefanoff (Major in the Bulgarian Army, now in the reserves.) ---Producer and Exporter of the-- ATTAR OF ROSES " BALKAN" AND ROSE WATER The famous Attar of Roses “Balkan” is produced in his own distillery from the flowers cultivated in his extensive private gardens, located in the neighborhood of the city of Klissoura, in the Central Balkan Mountains of Bul¬ garia. It is acknowledged by all experts that this Attar of Roses is the best produced in Bulgaria, and com¬ mands a higher price at all times. On account of its superior qualities, it is much more profitable to the con¬ sumer, although its price is higher. The superior qualities are due to the natural conditions of the climate and soil of the locality in which the gardens are located, and also to the especially good system em¬ ployed in its production. It is shown by chemical analy¬ sis at the Imperial Moscow University, at Moscow, Russia, to be the purest and best produced. M. S. Stefanoff annually produces large quantities of yellow, whitish and green attar of roses, and rose water. As verification of the above statement regarding the superior quality of the Attar of Roses “Balkan,” he possesses official certificates from the Bulgarian Govern¬ ment, translations or copies of which will gladly be mailed. M. S. Stefanoff solicits the patronage of all the users of Attar of Roses in any part of the world, prompt atten¬ tion being given to all inquiries. Bureau at Philippo- pole. QJ) ATTAR OF ROSES dD "BALKAN" EXTRA Stefanoff. FINE KLISSOURA, BULGARIA Distilleries at Klissoura. 48 FESTIVAL HALL AND CASCADES. WORLD’S FAIR, ST. LOUIS, U. S. A . 1904. PALACE OF VARIED INDUSTRIES.