COLUMBIA LIBRARIES OFFSITE 
 
 AVERY FINE ARTS RESTRICTED 
 
 AR01406183 
 
 1626—1926 
 
 TERCENTENARY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 To the settlement of Manhattan Island, now 
 New York, by the Dutch, early in the 
 seventeenth century. 
 
 This monograph issued to commemorate 
 the three hundredth anniversary of 
 the purchase of the Island 
 by Peter Minuit. 
 
 Published by 
 
 The Consistory of the Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church 
 New York 
 A. D. 1926 
 
i£x ICthrtH 
 
 SEYMOUR DURST 
 
 When you leave, please leave this hook 
 
 Because it has been said 
 "Ever'thing comes t' him who waits 
 
 Except a loaned book." 
 
 Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library 
 Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library 
 
1626-1926 
 
 TERCENTENARY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 To the settlement of Manhattan Island, now 
 New York, by the Dutch, early in the 
 seventeenth century. 
 
 This monograph issued to commemorate 
 the three hundredth anniversary of 
 the purchase of the Island 
 by Peter Minuit. 
 
 Published by 
 
 The Consistory of the Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church 
 New York 
 A. D. 1926 
 
 $ txiMt 
 
***** 
 
 The Consistory of the Collegiate Church having been 
 advised at a meeting held March 4th, 1926, that Elder 
 William Leverich Brower was preparing a Monograph to 
 be issued in recognition of the Civic Tercentenary of the 
 City of New York, it being the three hundredth anniversary 
 of the purchase of Manhattan Island by Peter Minuit, referred 
 the matter to the Committee appointed on the approaching 
 tercentenary celebration of the organization in 1628 of the 
 Collegiate Church, Messrs. Brower, Reed and Van Steen- 
 bergh constituting that Committee ; and at a subsequent 
 meeting of the Consistory that Committee reported favorably 
 in regard to the matter and Consistory approved of the 
 Monograph and authorized the printing of a sufficient number 
 of copies for distribution. 
 
 2 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2014 
 
 https://archive.org/details/tercentenaryofciOOcoll 
 
Nummary of fomfenfo. 
 
 The Civic Authorities have appointed this year. 1926, in 
 which to celebrate the Tercentenary of the City of New York, 
 it being the Three Hundredth anniversary of the purchase of 
 Manhattan Island from the Indians by Peter Minuit. 
 
 The early history of the City is inseparably interwoven with 
 the history of the Dutch and their Church. 
 
 The late Chancellor Kent paid the following tribute to the 
 early Dutch settlers of this State: 
 
 "The Dutch discoverers of New Netherland were grave, temperate, 
 firm, persevering men. who brought with them the industry, the economy, 
 the simplicity, the integrity, and the bravery of their Belgic sires, and with 
 those virtues they also imported the lights of the Roman civil law and 
 the purity of the Protestant faith. To that period we are to look with 
 chastened awe and respect for the beginnings of our city, and the works 
 of our primitive fathers — our 'Albani patrcs, atque altce mania Romcr.' " 
 
 The Consistory of the Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church, 
 which organization is now approaching her own three hundredth 
 anniversary, desires to recognize the Tercentenary Celebration of 
 the City, especially because Peter Minuit, whose purchase of 
 Manhattan Island forms the basis of the celebration, became the 
 first Elder of their Church when it was formally organized in 
 1628. 
 
 With this in view, the Consistory has issued this Monograph 
 as a tribute to this auspicious occasion. 
 The following subjects are treated: 
 
 I. PETER MINUIT. 
 
 The history of Peter .Minuit is reproduced from the Year 
 Book of the Collegiate Church, 1897, and was written by the late 
 Rev. Talbot W. Chambers. S.T.I). . and was published shortly 
 after his death which occurred in 189(>. Doctor Chambers at the 
 
 3 
 
time of his death was the Senior Minister of the Collegiate 
 Church and was widely known as a scholar and theologian. In 
 the year 1900 there was erected in the Middle Collegiate Church, 
 Second Avenue and Seventh Street, a mural tablet in memory of 
 Peter Minuit, which is the only memorial to him in this City. 
 The group in which this tablet is placed includes a memorial to 
 the Krankenbezoekers, Sebastian Jansen Krol and Jan Huyck, 
 officers of the Established Church of the Netherlands, who came 
 hither in advance of the first minister to perform their sacred 
 office of ministering to the people and consoling the sick ; also a 
 memorial to the first minister of the Collegiate Church, Jonas 
 Michaelius, who organized the Church in 1628. These four men 
 who formed the first Consistory of the Church are thus the illus- 
 trious men who founded both Church and State in the metropolis 
 of the Western Hemisphere. A photographic illustration of 
 these tablets is to be found in this Monograph. 
 
 The Gospel was brought to the Western Hemisphere in four 
 ways : 
 
 By the Roman Catholics in the discovery by Columbus 
 
 at San Salvador. 
 By the Church of England on the James. 
 By the Dutch in New York as indicated above. 
 By the Puritans at Massachusetts Bay. 
 
 Since the erection of three tablets, it has been disclosed by 
 the Van Rappard Papers that Peter Minuit was not the first 
 Director General of New Netherland, but was preceded by 
 Willem Verhulst; also that the date of the arrival of the Kran- 
 kenbezoekers was in 1624 instead of 1626. 
 
 II. BASTIAEN JANSZ KROL (CROL). 
 The First Religions Teacher in Manhattan (1624). 
 This article was prepared for the Collegiate Church Year 
 Book of 1911 by the late Rev. Edward Tanjore Corwin, D.D., 
 and is a tribute to the missionary zeal which characterized the 
 early Church of Holland, the animating fires of which have con- 
 
 4 
 
tinued in the Mother Church and her children throughout th« 
 succeeding centuries. 
 
 To it is appended an extract from an article on the Church 
 of Holland, a Missionary Church, written also by the Rev. 
 Edward Tanjore Corwin, D.D., and published in the Collegiate 
 Church Year Book of 1903. 
 
 These widespread efforts of the early Church in proclaiming 
 the Gospel are truly Apostolic in their character and constitute 
 a ready response to the words of our Lord as recorded in 
 Matthew XXVII ; 19-20: "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, 
 baptizing them in the name of the Father, and the Son and the 
 Holy Ghost: teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I 
 have commanded you." 
 
 III. DOMINE JONAS MICHAELIUS. 
 First Minister of the Dutch Reformed Church 
 in North America. 
 Translation of his letter, 11th August, 1628, recounting the 
 organization of the Church, and drawing a picture of the priva- 
 tions of the first settlers of New Amsterdam, of their first culti- 
 vation of the land, of the productions of the country and of the 
 manners and language of the Indians. 
 
 IV. A SUNDAY MORNING DEPICTED BY THE 
 CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS IN THE 
 EARLY HISTORY OF THE CITY. 
 (The Church in the Fort, A. D. 1642.) 
 
 This interesting account formed a part of an address by the 
 late James W. Gerard in 1874 before the New York Historical 
 Society on the "Old Streets of New York Under the Dutch" 
 and is introduced here as pleasing contemporaneous matter. 
 
 V. NEW YORK'S LIBERTY BELL. 
 The Bell of the Old Middle Church (1729) now 
 hanging in the belfry of the Church of St. Nicholas, 
 Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street, this City. 
 It has been thought interesting to introduce into this 
 Monograph an account of this famous bell which is indeed a 
 
 5 
 
rival to the famous Liberty Bell in Philadelphia. The account 
 will sufficiently indicate the patriotic spirit which has animated 
 the Dutch Reformed Church in this City throughout the cen- 
 turies which have passed. 
 
 VI. THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH 1926. 
 
 This account is intended to give some salient facts of the 
 really great work in which the Collegiate Church of this day and 
 generation is engaged. 
 
 VII. A CATALOGUE OF PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS 
 OF OLD NEW YORK AND OF OTHER HISTORI- 
 
 * CAL PLACES AND PERSONS INSTALLED 
 IN THE MIDDLE CHURCH HOUSE, 50 
 SEVENTH STREET. NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 The Collection of William Lwerich Brother. 
 
 This collection comprises one hundred and thirty prints and 
 photographs of persons and places chiefly identified with the 
 earlier history of the City and Nation. The collection in the 
 opinion of one of the prominent print dealers of this city is one 
 of the most extensive in the city and is noted for its general 
 arrangement and classification and for the lucid descriptions in 
 the catalogue of the several objects. 
 
 VIII. SYMBOLS OF THE DUTCH REFORMED 
 
 CHURCH. 
 
 IX. EXHIBITS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC FROM 
 
 TEN TO FOUR O'CLOCK EVERY DAY 
 EXCEPT SUNDAY DURING THE PERI- 
 OD OF THE TERCENTENARY 
 CELEBRATION 
 6 
 
# 1 
 
 TO THF GLORY OF GOD 
 
 AND IN MEMORT 
 
 ■ PETER MMIJT 
 fsst wktop omw or mmn&iAind 
 
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 aw the first eu*» of this emml® 
 
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 STATES*©* AKD FUTRIOTS WHO. FOR 
 
 the greater r«rr or thhee cekt 
 uries have bee* the executives : 
 
 OF THE EWte STATE | 
 
 "THE GLORY OF CHILDREN ARE THEM 
 FATHERS? "TUB SHALL BE WRJTTEH 
 f t» THE GENERATION TO COME "] 
 "TELL YE TOW CHILDREN OF ITJi 
 A NO LET TOUR CHILDREN TELL,f 
 THE1.» I JULDREK AND THBR OHLDREN3 
 ANOTHER GENERATIOH" I 
 ERKTE0 A-P WOO J 
 BY A SUCCESS WHJ5 ECOfSUSTrCAI 
 OFFICE , l« mpVT RECOGNITION 
 OF THE TROTH THAT. "A OOOO 
 NAME IS BATHER ro 8E CHOSEN 
 THAN OREAT WCHES " 
 
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 IN MEMO&Y OF 
 
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 SEB4ST1AN^NSEN K»OL 
 
 JAN HITYCK 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE ESTABLISHED 
 OWCCH 9F THE NETREHAKW, 
 WHO * K», CAKE HITHER, 
 IN ADVANCE OF THE FIRST HiN 
 ISTES. TO PERFORM THHR 
 SAOSED OFFICE OF HWHTEWC 
 TO THE PEOPLE AM) CONSOLWO 
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 t>ERJ«SS~ 
 
 "KHOLO THE UK OF COR WHICH 
 TAKETH AWAY THE SIX OF THE 
 WORLD* 
 
 "eowForr ye, comfort te my 
 
 KOPIE" 
 
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 GRATEFULLT ERECTED 8Y ONE 
 -HBfSELT 0RBAJHE8 TO THE OF- 
 FICE OF RELIEVING THE POOR 
 °1«T0NLy WITH EXTERNAL GIFTS 
 BUT WfTH COMFORTABLE W&0S 
 OF SCRIPTURE " A 6 1100 i 
 
 MllMill 
 
 TO THE GLORY OF GOD 
 
 AND IH MEMORY S 
 
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 JONAS MICHAELi US 
 
 THE FIRST WMSTESt c-r 
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 AKP tOMt'LT 1m» ..HER WAii 
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 SSS£ LC!N$i?iG EYES BLEST, 
 Ajfc? sTHE GREAT OiWm 
 
 VICTORIOUS. 
 SHAU. BE THE CHURCH AT REST. 
 
 .1,1 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH OF M U RAL TABLETS 
 
 ERECTED IN THE MIDDLE COLLEGIATE CHURCH. SECOND AVENUE. A D 
 TO PERPETUATE THE MEMORY OF THE ILLUSTRIOUS MEN 
 WHO LAID THE FOUNDATION OF CHURCH AND STATE 
 IN THE METROPOLIS OF THE NATION. 
 
 1900 
 
I. 
 
 (pefer Qflfltnutf. 
 
 7 
 
i 
 
I. 
 
 (pdcx (UXtnutf. 
 
 One of the group of illustrious men zvho founded both Church 
 and State in the metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. 
 
 In the sixteenth century and the seventeenth, religious perse- 
 cution drove out of France a multitude of her best citizens. 
 Thousands of these found refuge in neighboring countries where 
 their superior skill and industry won for them an enviable name. 
 The city of Wesel, on the Rhine, in the duchy of Cleves, was 
 famous as an asylum for persecuted Protestants. Besides the 
 native Reformed churches there were large and influential 
 French, English and Dutch congregations. In the Walloon, or 
 French, church of this city of Rhenish Prussia, was born and 
 baptized Peter Minuit, or as the name was sometimes written, 
 Menewe. The records of the church were lost in the vicissitudes 
 of the times, yet we learn from other sources that Minuit was not 
 only a member in full communion, but an elder in the Walloon 
 church. The civil records of the city of Wesel show that Minuit 
 departed for foreign countries in the month of April, 1625. At 
 this time the West India Company, of Holland, determined to 
 plant a stable colony in America, and they fixed upon Minuit as 
 a suitable person for the office of director-general. They com- 
 missioned him, and he sailed from the Texel in January, 1626, 
 
 *While a letter written by Michaelius from Manhattan in 1630, and addressed 
 to a friend in Holland, has recently been discovered and published, in which letter 
 there is every evidence that there was no small controversy between the writer 
 and Minuit, as was - often the case in those days, and while in it he even reflects 
 upon the character of Minuit, yet notwithstanding this seeming implication the Con- 
 sistory of the Collegiate Church prefers to preserve unimpaired the memory of the 
 general integrity of character in which Minuit has been held during these succeeding 
 centuries. 
 
 Doubtless there was error on both sides and with these men, in that distant 
 time, in a new country, deprived of the restraints* of settled communities and beset 
 with trying problems of government, prejudices, no doubt, were created, passion* 
 aroused and utterances made, which in a calmer period and under other circum- 
 stances would not have arisen. 
 
 The Consistory cherishes the memory of these two servants of the Church with 
 veneration and respect. 
 
 9 
 
and arrived at Manhattan in the following May. With him a 
 council was appointed, which was invested with all legislative 
 and judicial powers, subject to the supervision and appellate 
 jurisdiction of the chamber of the company at Amsterdam. 
 Minuit's birth and training, as well as his natural character, fitted 
 him to lead the hardy Dutch and French emigrants to the banks 
 of the Hudson. It was his business to transform a mere trading 
 post into a firm-settled agricultural colony, and, accordingly, he 
 brought with him a supply of seeds, plants, domestic animals and 
 implements of husbandry. Hitherto the Dutch had possessed 
 Manhattan island only by right of discovery and occupation. 
 Minuit determined to superadd a higher title by purchase from 
 the aborigines. Accordingly, he opened negotiations with the 
 Indians, and an arrangement was made by which the whole island 
 was ceded to the West India Company "for the value of sixty 
 guilders," or about twenty- four dollars of our present currency. 
 This event, as the distinguished J. R. Brodhead has observed, "as 
 well deserves commemoration as the famous treaty, immortalized 
 by painters, poets and historians, which William Penn concluded, 
 fifty-six years afterwards, under the great elm tree, with the 
 Indians at Shackamaxon.'' 
 
 This humane and Christian policy of peaceful negotiation 
 and fair dealing with the Indians was inaugurated by Peter 
 Minuit, eighteen years before William Penn was born. In fur- 
 ther evidence of the purpose to establish the colony upon a firm 
 foundation, a fort, faced with stone, was constructed at the 
 southern end of the island. The interest of trade and of agri- 
 culture were encouraged with equal care. A plenty of grain was 
 raised, and the meadows furnished grazing for herds of cattle. 
 The Indians were offered fair prices for their furs, and soon this 
 business reached the annual sum of 143,000 guilders. At one 
 time Minuit built a six hundred-ton vessel and sent it to Holland, 
 laden with valuable furs. He also cultivated friendly relations 
 with the settlers in New England. He wrote to Governor 
 Bradford, of the New Plymouth colony, reminding him of the 
 amity existing between the mother countries across the sea, and 
 
 10 
 
1 
 
proposing commercial reciprocity as mutually advantageous. 
 Bradford replied in a similar spirit, and expressed gratitude for 
 the hospitality shown to the Pilgrim Fathers in Holland, for 
 which he declared that "they and their children would be forever 
 thankful." 
 
 But while temporal affairs were thus prospering, and the 
 population growing by natural increase as well as by the arrival 
 of new settlers, the higher spiritual interests of the people were 
 not neglected. At first laymen called "Krankenbezoekers," or 
 visitors of the sick, maintained the ordinances of worship, but 
 early in 1628, Jonas Michaelius, a pious and carefully trained 
 clergyman, came over from Holland. He was full of zeal and 
 good works, not only preaching in Dutch and French, but endeav- 
 oring to teach the gospel to the Indians in their native tongue. 
 In the summer he established a church* which has continued in 
 unbroken succession to this day. It was organized according to 
 the custom of the Reformed in Europe, with two elders. One of 
 these was the honorable director himself, and the other was his 
 brother-in-law, Jan Huyghen, both of whom had served as office 
 bearers in the Dutch church and in the French at Wesel on the 
 Rhine. At the first administration of the Lord's Supper full fifty 
 Walloons and Dutch sat down at the table. Minuit is said to 
 have erected the horse mill, the upper story of which was used 
 as a place of worship until a church building was put up within 
 the fort. For about four years Minuit continued in office, com- 
 mending religion by his own personal and official example, when, 
 through circumstances for which he was in no way responsible, 
 he was recalled to Holland. The difficulty arose from a sort of 
 feudal system which the West India Company established in 
 Xew Netherlands. Certain wealthy persons called "patroons" 
 were allowed to possess large tracts of land, provided they intro- 
 duced each at least fifty colonists who, for ten years, should be 
 exempt from all customs and taxes, but could not leave the ser 
 vice of their feudal chief without his written consent. Mean- 
 
 *Now known as the Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church of New York. 
 
 11 
 
while, the company reserved to itself the right to control all trade 
 and manufactures. It was inevitable that trouble should arise 
 between the company on one hand and the new colonial proprie- 
 taries on the other, since their interests would conflict. Of this 
 Minuit was the victim. ''The upright man and faithful officer 
 was ground as it were between the upper and nether millstones, 
 and compelled to withdraw from Xew Netherlands after six 
 years of prosperous administration." It has been said of him : 
 "His integrity as an officer seemed to raise up against him a host 
 of enemies, and hence he was recalled." 
 
 But this was not the end of his career. In 1636 he was 
 chosen by the government of Sweden to establish a colony on the 
 west bank of the South River, as the Delaware was then called. 
 Owing to a prolonged illness he did not set out till late in the 
 autumn of 1637, and arrived in New Sweden in March, 1638. 
 Here he organized a Christian government, dealt fairly with the 
 Indians, and within three months put the settlement in a condi- 
 tion to repel any assault. Then he sailed to the West Indies to 
 secure a valuable return cargo to old Sweden. He accomplished 
 his object and was ready to return, when he accepted an invita- 
 tion to visit a Dutch vessel, and, while enjoying the hospitalities 
 of his host, a violent hurricane arose which drove all the vessels 
 in the harbor of St. Christopher out to sea. Both of his own 
 ships outrode the storm, but the Flying Deer, on which the gov- 
 ernor was, was never heard of again. 
 
 Minuit's influence remained behind him, and the legislature 
 of Delaware appointed a memorial service to be held at Dover, on 
 the 23rd of April, 1895. At this service the Rev. Dr. Cyrus Cort, 
 of Wyoming, Del., the chaplain of the Senate, delivered an inter- 
 esting address, from which most of the preceding sketch has been 
 derived. It may be that Peter Minuit shines by contrast with 
 his successors in office, the incompetent Van Twiller, the cor- 
 rupt Kieft and the irascible and tyrannical Stuyvesant, but all the 
 information attainable represents him as an intelligent and God- 
 fearing man, with executive ability, and entirely incorruptible. 
 
 12 
 
His name should not be allowed to remain in obscurity, but be 
 tenderly cherished as the first governor of New Netherland, a 
 man not surpassed in wise administration of affairs by any of 
 the long line of statesmen and patriots who, for the greater part 
 of three centuries, have been the executives of the Empire state. 
 'The glory of children are their fathers," the wise man tells us, 
 and special pains should be taken not to let the memory of able 
 and faithful men who adorned their high station perish from the 
 earth. Talbot W. Chambers. 
 
 FAC- SIMILE OF SIGNATURE OF PETER MINUIT 
 
 The following is the inscription on the tablet erected in his 
 memory in the Collegiate Church, Second Avenue 
 and Seventh Street. 
 
 TO THE GLORY OF GOD 
 
 AND IN MEMORY 
 OF 
 
 PETER MINUIT 
 
 FIR5T DIRECTOR GENERAL OF NEW NETHERLAND. 
 A. D. 1626 
 AND THE FIRST ELDER OF THIS CHURCH. 
 
 A. D. 1628 
 AN INTELLIGENT AND GOD-FEARING MAN, 
 WITH GREAT EXECUTIVE ABILITY, AND 
 ENTIRELY INCORRUPTIBLE A MAN NOT 
 SURPASSEO IN WISE ADMINISTRATION OF 
 AFFAIRS BY ANY OF THE LONG LINE OF 
 STATESMEN AND PATRIOTS WHO, FOR 
 THE GREATER PART OF THREE CENT- 
 URIES HAVE BEEN THE EXECUTIV6S 
 
 OF THE EMPIRE STATE 
 "THE GLORY OF CHILDREN ARE THEIR 
 FATHERS. " "THIS 6HALI BE WRITTEN 
 FOR THE GENERATION TO COME." 
 "TELL YE YOUR CHILDREN OF IT. 
 
 AND LET YOUR CHILDREN TELL 
 THEIR CHILDREN, AND THEIR CHILDREN 
 
 ANOTHER GENERATION." 
 
 ERECTED A. 0. 1900, 
 BY A SUCCESSOR IN HI3 ECCLESIASTICAL 
 OFFICE, IN OEVOUT RECOGNITION 
 OF THElTRUTH THAT, '*A GOOD 
 NAME IS RATHER TO BE CHOSEN 
 THAN GREAT RICHES. " 
 
 Since the erection of this tablet it has been discovered by the 
 Van Rappard Papers that Peter Minuit was not the first Director 
 General of the New Netherlands, but was preceded by William 
 Verhulst. 
 
 13 
 
Q&tsftaen fane} Itrof (crol) 
 
 The First Religious Teacher in Manhattan. 
 
 Zft £0urc0 of % oeeano. 
 
 A Missionary Church. 
 
 15 
 
n. 
 
 (gaztmn 3*1*03; (Krof (crol) 
 
 The First Religious Teacher in Manhattan. 
 1624 
 
 One of the group of illustrious men who founded both Church 
 and State in the metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. 
 
 Prepared for the Collegiate Church Year- Book, 1911, by 
 Rev. Edward Tanjore Corwin, D.D. 
 
 Considerable new light has been thrown on the earliest reli- 
 gious services in Manhattan by the labors of Dr. Vos in his 
 Gedenkboek or Memorial of the Classis of Amsterdam, pub- 
 lished in 1903 ; and by Dr. Eekhoff in his researches about Krol, 
 the first religious teacher in Manhattan, and their publication in 
 1910. Krol came here under the title of Comforter of the Sick. 
 He was also one of the two elders chosen when the Church was 
 organized in 1628, the other one being Peter Mimiit. Not much 
 has been known by us heretofore about the origin of the office of 
 Comforter of the Sick. It was not mentioned in the Church 
 Order of that day. Whence, then, did it originate? It is pleas- 
 ant to be able at last to explain its origin. 
 
 Holland, as is well known, was a place of refuge for the 
 oppressed of all kinds. Most of these refugees flocked to Am- 
 sterdam as the chief city. The Church of Amsterdam, consisting 
 of twenty or more congregations under one Consistory, was the 
 natural almoner of these religious refugees. But the ministers 
 and deacons soon found themselves overwhelmed with work in 
 attempting to provide for these multitudes of exiles ; the minis- 
 ters in giving proper spiritual oversight, and the deacons in pro- 
 viding for their physical necessities, although the liberality of the 
 Church was great. It soon became obvious that additional means 
 must be found to help in these benevolent works of consolation 
 and charity. After considerable discussion a new office, styled, 
 
 17 
 
Krankenbezoeker, a visitor of the sick, or Ziekentrooster, a com- 
 forter of the sick, was instituted by the Classis. This was in 1593. 
 In 1598 the Classis made the Consistory of the Church of Am- 
 sterdam its Committee Plenipotentiary to seek out proper per- 
 sons for this office, to* examine them as to their piety and knowl- 
 edge of Scripture, to appoint them to their work and to report 
 from time to time in Classis. The deacons were also increased in 
 number. 
 
 But in 1598 another important event took place and another 
 office was established, and the two were often subsequently com- 
 bined. In telling of the origin of the Dutch mission churches in 
 the East Indies and in America, Dr. Vos emphasizes the practical 
 spirit of Dutch piety in establishing chaplaincies on shipboard 
 and at the ports of destination. He also shows that these chap- 
 laincies were first suggested, not by ecclesiastical authority, but 
 by the merchant owners of the ships, who also offered to support 
 the chaplains. We give his own statement in this matter: 
 
 "The birth-day of the Foreign Missions of our Church should 
 be written in letters of gold, for it relates to Asia, Africa and 
 America. That day was April 5, 1598. Domine Peter Plancius 
 came into the [Amsterdam] Consistory on that day with the 
 information of the work contemplated, and at the same time with 
 an appeal to the Consistory for its co-operation. For, said he, 
 the owners of the ships which were to sail to the Indies had 
 informed him that they had requested and obtained from the 
 Burgomasters, that some of the students who had studied at the 
 city's expense, and who were willing to go, should accompany 
 the ships in order to proclaim God's Word both on shipboard 
 and at the ports of destination." 
 
 "Behold the beginnings ! The great thought of love has 
 found expression — the Company's care for the spiritual well- 
 being of their sailors. But not only that. Also in the Indies the 
 Gospel is to be preached, and all this is done voluntarily. An 
 important principle has been adopted. The shipowners have 
 asked the Consistory how it can officially help them. No charter 
 nor law obliged them to undertake such a work. Neither was 
 
 18 
 
the Consistory obliged to act by any human authority; for not a 
 single regulation of any Synod or Classis had yet made mission 
 work obligatory ; but the Lord had impressed this duty upon 
 these men. It was He who called both the shipowners and the 
 Consistory into this work." 
 
 Dr. Vos then shows how this work was subsequently ratified 
 by the States-General, and amendments were made to the charter 
 of the Company requiring chaplains to be appointed. The same 
 duty was implied in the charter of the West India Company, 
 although not at first specifically expressed ; but that it was so 
 understood is evident from the fact that the same duty was 
 actually performed by that Company, and when charter amend- 
 ments were made a few years later establishing Patroonships, it 
 was required that ministers and schoolmasters should be appointed 
 in each locality, and until this could be accomplished Comforters 
 of the Sick should be employed. For it was argued that inas- 
 much as the companies and patroons had governmental duties in 
 the colonies committed to them, they must, like the State, foster 
 religion and education. 
 
 But another step was now to be taken. Not only were stu- 
 dent candidates for the ministry to be sought out and employed 
 as chaplains, but in 1601 the Synod directed the Classis to seek 
 out ministers to go as chaplains on the ships and to labor at the 
 ports of destination. But not to delay matters while ministers 
 were being sought, some of these Comforters of the Sick were 
 allowed to be appointed at once for this work. These were soon 
 divided into simple Comforters and Public Exhorters. The 
 latter were allowed to expound the Scriptures, and in the East 
 Indies in case of great necessity, perhaps in view of death, to 
 baptize. Schoolmasters were also not infrequently appointed to 
 become Comforters or Exhorters, and thus these two officers 
 were often combined. And on account of the growing impor- 
 tance of the duties of these chaplains, comforters and school- 
 masters, written calls began to be made upon them and written 
 instructions given them as early as 1607. Regular Forms of Call 
 and of Instructions were adopted by Classis in 1636. 
 
 The duties of the Chaplains and Exhorters were in general 
 
 See Vos' Gcdenkl>ock, pages 183-185. 
 
 19 
 
to edify believers by the usual church services ; to seek to lead to 
 the faith those who were yet strangers to it ; to establish churches 
 according to the usual method, so far as practicable ; and to 
 preach on water and land — by the way and at the port of destina- 
 tion. This duty of preaching on water and land is found in the 
 calls of the American ministers. 
 
 It thus appears that these notes of the Consistory of Am- 
 sterdam, as the Committee of the Classis, are the source of con- 
 siderable new information to us. For 58 years (1598-1656) did 
 the Consistory perform these duties in reference to chaplains, 
 comforters of the sick and schoolmasters ; and in the light of these 
 facts we are prepared to appreciate the position of the first Com- 
 forter of the Sick on Manhattan Island. This was Bastiaen 
 Jansz. Krol. He was born in Amsterdam in 1595. He had been 
 a worker in a kind of silk used in the decoration of beds. In 
 1623, the year in which the first colony for permanent settlement 
 started, the Amsterdam Consistory inquired for a man to go to 
 Manhattan as a religious teacher. Krol responded to this call 
 and was examined on October 12, 1623. He received his charge 
 with exhortations to fidelity on December 7, and sailed for his 
 field of labor on January 25, 1624. No doubt he arrived by the 
 first of April and began his services under the first Director, 
 Cornelius J. May. His duties on shipboard and at the port of 
 arrival were : 
 
 1. To offer the usual prayers every morning and evening, 
 and also before and after meals. 
 
 2. When desired, or according to the necessities of the case, 
 he was diligently to instruct the people and especially to teach 
 and comfort the sick. 
 
 3. He was to admonish out of the Word of God such as had 
 need of admonition, as well as all who desired such exhortations. 
 
 4. And at appointed times he was to read the Word of God 
 to the people, and portions from the works of acknowledged 
 teachers of religon of the Reformed Church or their sermons. 
 
 All this the Comforter of the Sick must do and at the same 
 time maintain a pious deportment in order to establish the people 
 
 The Forms mav he seen in the Kcclesiastical Records of New York, vol. i. 89 10?. 
 
 20 
 
in good speech and conduct. But they must not encroach upon 
 the special duties of the ministry in reference to the sacraments. 
 Their Call and Instructions must be signed by at least two min- 
 isters and an elder of the Amsterdam Consistory, and sealed with 
 an ecclesiastical seal. Their compensation was about $20 a 
 month with a house. 
 
 Thus we learn that religious services were begun on Man- 
 hattan Island two years earlier than had been previously under- 
 stood. Krol subsequently made several trips to Holland, and on 
 the departure of the Director General Minuit in 1632, he was 
 Director-General for thirteen months, until the arrival of Van 
 Twiller. The last reference to him is in 1645. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF SIGNATURE OF BASTIAEX JANSZ KROL. 
 
 The following is the inscription on the tablet erected in the 
 Collegiate Church, Second Avenue and Seventh Street, 
 in memory of these forerunners of the 
 Christian faith. 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 THE KRANKENBEZOEKERS 
 
 SEBASTIAN JANSEN KROL 
 
 AND 
 
 JAN HUYCK 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE ESTABLISHED 
 CHURCH OF THE NETHERLANDS, 
 WHO, A. D. 1624, CAME HITHER, 
 IN ADVANCE OF THE FIRST MIN- 
 ISTER, TO PERFORM THEIR 
 SACRED OFFICE OF MINISTERING 
 TO THE PEOPLE AND CONSOUNQ* 
 THE SICK. 
 
 ' THE VOICE OF ONE CRYINO>IN THE WIL- 
 OCRNEst." 
 
 "BEHOLD THE LAMB OF OOO WHICH 
 TAKETH away the sin of the 
 
 woRlO. " 
 
 '"comfort ye, comfort ye by 
 
 PCOPLE." 
 
 "l WAS SICK, AND YE VWTED ME." 
 
 CHAT £ FULL V ERECTETJ BY ONf. , 
 HIMSELF OflOAIMED TO THE OF- 
 FICE OF RELIEVINO THE POOR, 
 "NOT ONLY WITH EXTERNAL GIFTS, 
 BUT WITH COMFORTABLE WORDS 
 OF SCRIPTURE." A. D. 1W0. 
 
 Since the erection of this tablet further searches have re- 
 vealed the fact that the arrival of these Krankenbezoekers was 
 in 1624 instead of 1626. 
 
 21 
 
£0e C0urc0 of £)©ffanb. 
 
 A Missionary Church. 
 
 The following is an extract from an article on the Church 
 of Holland, a Missionary Church written also by the Rev. 
 Edward Tanjore Corwin, D.D., and published in the Collegiate 
 Church Year Book of 1903. 
 
 [These widespread efforts of the early Church in proclaim- 
 ing the Gospel are truly Apostolic in their character and consti- 
 tute a ready response to the words of our Lord as recorded in 
 Matthew XXVII : 19-20 "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, 
 baptizing them in the name of the Father, and the Son, and the 
 Holy Ghost: teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I 
 have commanded you."] 
 
 The earliest Protestant missions of modern times were those 
 of the Church of Holland. The merchants of the United Prov- 
 inces were enterprising and the navigators full of courage. The 
 East India Company was formed in 1602 and the West India 
 Company in 1621, and these furnished the facilities for mission- 
 ary undertakings. They at once established commercial colonies 
 at many points, both in the Old World and in the New. The 
 Companies, the Government of Holland and the Church cor- 
 dially co-operated to supply these settlements with Christian min- 
 isters, and these were always urged, not to neglect the natives, 
 but to try to Christianize them. These ministers were not merely 
 chaplains to the colony, but they generally organized churches, 
 with regularly constituted consistories, which became centers 
 from which the light of the Gospel was diffused over a consid- 
 erable territory round about. 
 
 The Classis of Amsterdam had a Committee on Foreign 
 Affairs which carried on correspondence with all the churches 
 or mission fields abroad. They reported monthly the letters re- 
 ceived, and were instructed what answers to return. The labors 
 of this committee were very onerous. Letters came to them not 
 only in Dutch, but in Portuguese, French, and at a later time also 
 
 23 
 
in German and English. At first this general correspondence 
 was all included under the general head of "Indian Affairs, " 
 whether relating to Asia, Africa or America. Subsequently they 
 were differentiated into East Indies, West Indies and the Cape 
 of Good Hope, and still later into more minute divisions. 
 
 Soon after 1620 the East India Company were supporting 
 ministers in Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Amboyna, in the islands of 
 Banda, in Coromandel, Surat, China, Formosa, Siam and Japan. 
 In all these countries churches and school houses were soon 
 built. The Bible was translated in part, for the use of the Tamils 
 of Ceylon and India. Versions were also made in Chinese and 
 Malay of portions of the Scriptures for the people speaking those 
 tongues. The Gospel was proclaimed to thousands of those who 
 had never heard it before. In the Province of Jaffa alone, in 
 Ceylon, there were thirty-four churches for the use of the native 
 population, and ultimately a theological seminary was there 
 established, the reports of which are quite regularly found in the 
 Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam. Sixteen thousand native 
 children are said to have attended the schools. Thousands of 
 natives in Ceylon, in Batavia, in Formosa, were baptized and 
 received under instruction upon their acceptance of Christianity. 
 During the first century of the Dutch in the East Indies about 
 336 ministers labored in those regions. When the English con- 
 quered Hindustan and Ceylon, the English East India Company 
 was opposed to missions, and the work was greatly hampered, if 
 not entirely destroyed. 
 
 The Dutch also secured special privileges of trading from 
 the Russian and Turkish empires, and they, accordingly, estab- 
 lished commercial colonies at Moscow, Archangel and St. Peters- 
 burg, in Russia ; and at Constantinople, Aleppo, Smyrna and 
 other places in the Levant. And it is a remarkable circumstance 
 that consistories and regular church organizations were formed 
 in each of these cities, even in the capital of the Turkish Empire, 
 and regular reports were sent to the Classis of Amsterdam. Dr. 
 Von Scheltema, pastor of the Dutch Church of Austin Friars, in 
 
 24 
 
London, informed the writer that the Dutch Church in Smyrna, 
 started more than two centuries ago, continues to this day, and 
 that the London Dutch Church still bears one- fourth of the ex- 
 pense of its support. 
 
 The Church of Holland, also, through its West India Com- 
 pany, planted colonies on all the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. 
 We can only mention their colonies and churches at the Cape of 
 Good Hope, and at d'Elmina in Guinea, at which latter place our 
 own Everardus Bogardus labored before coming to New Amster- 
 dam. But they also established churches in Brazil, where by 
 1650 two Classes and a Synod were organized, and at Surinam 
 or Dutch Guiana, where there were churches enough to form a 
 Coetus by 1700; and on Curacoa, and in many of the West India 
 islands, as St. Johns, St. Thomas, St. Croix, etc. Constant efforts 
 were made in all these fields to Christianize the natives and the 
 slaves. Domine De Ronde, afterward of New York, prepared a 
 catechism in Negro-English. Elaborate plans of labor among 
 the natives were drawn up, and approved by the Classis of Am- 
 sterdam, and put in operation in connection with "The Surinam 
 Society" at Amsterdam. 
 
 The planting of Dutch churches in the Middle States of our 
 own country is sufficiently familiar. About 100 Dutch churches 
 had been formed in these States before the American Revolution, 
 and about half as many German churches, all under the care of 
 the Synods of Holland. The American ministers often allude 
 to the sad condition of the American Indians, and special efforts 
 were often made to reach them. This work was especially car- 
 ried on at Albany and along the Mohawk. Megapolensis and Free- 
 man and Dellius and Lydius, and Peter Van Driessen were espe- 
 cially famous in these operations. Portions of Scripture and 
 other books were translated into Mohawk, and many Indians 
 were received into the churches of Albany and Schenectady. 
 Also Domine Weiss, while settled on the Mohawk, labored for the 
 Indians, wrote a book describing them and their customs, and 
 with it sent two paintings of Indians to Holland. 
 
 25 
 
III. 
 
 ©omtne fynat (Wltc#aeftue 
 
 The First Minister of the Dutch Reformed Church 
 in North America. 
 
 27 
 
III. 
 
 ©omme ^onaz (gltc^aeftuB. 
 
 The First Minister of the Dutch Reformed Church 
 in North America. 
 
 One of the group of illustrious men who founded both Church 
 and State in the metropolis of the Western Hemisphere. 
 
 [The following account of Domine Michaelius was written 
 by the Honorable Henry C. Murphy in 1858 and was published in 
 the Collections of the New York Historical Society, in 1880, to- 
 gether with a translation of the letter of Michaelius written at 
 Manhatas to the Classis of Amsterdam on August 11. 1628, re- 
 counting the organization of the Church. As this letter consti- 
 tutes a sort of ecclesiastical charter of the Church, its translation 
 is of special interest to those attached to the Church by ancestral 
 ties or by bonds of affection. 
 
 The original letter is in possession of the New York Public 
 Library and a facsimile of it together with its translation was 
 published in the Collegiate Year Book of 1896.1 A copy of this 
 interesting letter also follows : 
 
 There has just appeared in the Kerk-historisch Arcliicf, a work pub- 
 lished periodically at Amsterdam, one of those interesting fragments which 
 the researches of the curious into the history of the settlement of the 
 United States are constantly bringing, for the first time, to light. It is a 
 letter of Jonas Michaelius, who may now be called the first Minister of the 
 Dutch Reformed Church in the United States, written at Manhatas, in 
 New Netherland, on the 11th of August, 1628, and communicated to the 
 work above mentioned, with such notices of the life of the writer as exist- 
 ing materials permit, by Mr. J. J. Bodel Nijenhuis; who deserves well of 
 Americans, and especially of New Yorkers, for the zeal which prompted 
 him to rescue this waif from oblivion, and for the industry which he has 
 exhibited in collecting as far as possible the events in the life of the mis- 
 sionary. We are now carried back five years earlier in the history of the 
 regular ministration of the Gospel in New York, and are enabled to add 
 one more to the list of clergymen of the Dutch Reformed Church in 
 America; one who. by his attainments and his holy zeal, as well as the 
 high respect with which he was regarded by his learned brethren in IIol- 
 
 29 
 
land, is not unworthy to take hi? place at the head of the roll of that 
 learned and pious body. 
 
 This letter is addressed to Doni. Adrianus Smoutius, Minister of the 
 Dutch Reformed Church at Amsterdam. It was found among the papers 
 of the late Jacobus Koning. Clerk of the Fourth Judicial District of 
 Amsterdam. Further than this its history is unknown; but as Mr. Bodel 
 Nijenhuis justly observes, it is undoubtedly to the importance of its 
 contents that we are indebted for its preservation. Of the author, how- 
 ever, some few incidents interesting both as connected with his life and 
 confirmatory of the claim now established in his behalf, have been dis- 
 covered. They serve to excite our wonder that no intimation of his 
 ministry and residence at New Amsterdam has ever before been given. 
 From the researches of Mr. Bodel Nijenhuis we learn that Jonas 
 Michaelius was born in the year 1577* in North Holland, and was educated 
 contemporaneously with Jacob Cats and Ger. Joh. Vossius, at the celebrated 
 University of Leyden, in which, as appears by his records, he was entered 
 as a student of divinity on the 9th of September, 1600. He was settled 
 as minister at Nieuwbokswoude, in North Holland, in 1612, and two years 
 later at Hem, in the same neighborhood. In 1624 he was, on the conquest 
 of St. Salvador from the Portuguese to the Dutch arms by Peter Heyn 
 in that year, established as a minister there; but on the recovery of 
 that place by the Portuguese in the following year, he left for Guinea 
 and became the minister of the fort there, then recently taken from 
 the Portuguese. He returned to Holland in 1627, and in January fol- 
 lowing, as his letter states, embarked with his wife and three children 
 for New Netherland. He was then over fifty years of age. How long 
 after writing his letter he remained in New Netherland is not known. t 
 He appears, however, in 1637 and 1638 to have been again in Amsterdam, 
 when he was requested by the Classis of Amsterdam to return as minister 
 to New Netherland. This he consented to do, and the Classis directed an 
 application to be made to the West India Company to send him out. This 
 was refused after some months' delay for reasons which do not appear. 
 Whether his advanced age, or the additional expense which the company 
 would incur, or what other reason caused the rejection of the application 
 is not known; the confidence which he had of the Classis of Amsterdam 
 shows it must have been some special reason not affecting his standing 
 as a minister. 
 
 *Reeent researches indicate that Michaelius was born in 1 5S4. 
 t During the year 1910, it was discovered that in the year 1632, he reported to 
 tht Consistory (not Classes) of Amsterdam, his return from North America. 
 
 30 
 
Letter of Domine Jonas Michaelius to Domine Adrianus 
 Smoutius, dated at Manhattan, u August. i628. Translated 
 from the Dutch. 
 
 [translation] 
 DE VREDE CHRISTI.— The Peace of Christ to You. 
 Reverend Sir, Well Beloved Brother in Christ, Kind Friend! 
 
 The favorable opportunity which now presents itself of writing to 
 your Reverence I cannot let pass, without embracing it, according to my 
 promise. And I first unburden myself in this communication of a sorrow- 
 ful circumstance. It pleased the Lord, seven weeks after we arrived in 
 this country, to take from me my good partner, who was to me, for more 
 than sixteen years, a virtuous, faithful, and altogether amiable yoke- 
 fellow; and I now find myself with three children very much discom- 
 moded, without her society and assistance. But what have I to say? The 
 Lord Himself has done this, against whom no one can oppose himself. 
 And why should I wish to, knowing that all things must work together for 
 good to them that love God. I hope therefore to bear my cross patiently, 
 and by the grace and help of the Lord, not to let the courage fail me 
 which in my duties here I so especially need. 
 
 The voyage was long, namely, from the 24th of January till the 7th 
 of April, when we first set foot upon land. Of storm and tempest which 
 fell hard upon the good wife and children, though they bore it better as 
 regards sea-sickness and fear than I had expected, we had no lack, par- 
 ticularly in the vicinity of the Bermudas and the rough coasts of this 
 country. Our fare in the ship was very poor and scanty, so that my 
 blessed wife and children, not eating with us in the cabin, on account of 
 the little room in it, had a worse lot than the sailors themselves ; and 
 that by reason of a wicked cook who annoyed them in every way; but 
 especially by reason of the captain himself, who, although I frequently 
 complained of it in the most courteous manner, did not concern himself 
 in the least about correcting the rascal; nor did he, even when they were 
 all sick, give them anything which could do them any good, although 
 there was enough in the ship; as he himself knew very well where to find 
 it in order, out of meal times, to fill his own stomach. All the relief which 
 he gave us, consisted merely in liberal promises, with a drunken head, upon 
 which nothing followed when he was sober but a sour face, and he raved 
 at the officers and kept himself constantly to the wine, both at sea and 
 especially here while lying in the (Hudson) River; so that he navigated 
 the ship daily with a wet sail and an empty head, seldom coming ashore to 
 the Council and never to Divine service. We bore all with silence on 
 board the ship; but it grieves me, when I think of it. on account of my 
 wife; the more, because she was in such a physical state as she was — 
 believing herself to be in a delicate condition — and the time so short 
 
 31 
 
which she had yet to live. On my first voyage* I roamed about with him 
 a great deal, even lodged in the same hut, but never knew that he was 
 such a brute and drunkard. But he was then under the direction of Mr. 
 Lam, and now he had the chief command himself. I have also written to 
 Mr. Godyn about it, considering it necessary that it should be known. 
 
 Our coming here was agreeable to all, and I hope, by the grace of 
 the Lord, that my services will not be unfrutiful. The people, for the 
 most part, are rather rough, and unrestrained, but I find in most all of 
 them both love and respect towards me ; two things with which hitherto 
 the Lord has everywhere graciously blessed my labors, and which in our 
 calling, as your Reverence well knows and finds, are especially desirable, 
 in order to make [our ministry] fruitful. 
 
 From the beginning we established the form of a church (gemeente) ; 
 and as Brother Bastiaen Crolf very seldom comes down from Fort Orange, 
 because the directorship of that fort and the trade there is committed to 
 him, it has been thought best to choose two elders for my assistance and 
 for the proper consideration of all such ecclesiastical matters as might 
 occur, intending the coming year, if the Lord permit, to let one of them 
 retire, and to choose another in his place from a double number first law- 
 fully proposed to the congregation. One of those whom we have now 
 chosen is the Honorable Director himself, and the other is the store- 
 keeper of the company, Jan Huyghen, his brother-in-law, persons of very 
 good character, as far as I have been able to learn, having both been for- 
 merly in office in the Church, the one as deacon, and the other as elder 
 in the Dutch and French churches, respectively, at Wesel.t 
 
 At the first administration of the Lord's Supper which was observed, 
 not without great joy and comfort to many, we had fully fifty communi- 
 cants — Walloons and Dutch; of whom, a portion made their first con- 
 fession of faith before us, and others exhibited their church certificates. 
 Others had forgotten to bring their certificates with them, not thinking 
 that a church would be formed and established here ; and some, who 
 brought them, had lost them unfortunately in a general conflagration, but 
 they were admitted upon the satisfactory testimony of others to whom 
 they were known, and also upon their daily good deportment, since we can- 
 not observe strictly all the usual formalities in making a beginning under 
 such circumstances. 
 
 We administer the Holy Sacrament of the Lord once in four months, 
 
 •To Brazil. 
 
 tile had formerly (in 1626) been one of the "Krank-besoeckers*," or consolers 
 of the sick, at Manhattan, whence he was sent to Fort Orange as Vice-Director. 
 
 f'ctcr Minuit was the Director; Jan Huyghen, his brother-in-law, was prob- 
 ably the "Jan Huyck," who was the colleague of Crol. as Kran-besoecker, at 
 Manhattan, in 1626. 
 
 32 
 
provisionally, until a larger number of people shall otherwise require. The 
 Walloons and French have no service on Sundays, otherwise than in the 
 Dutch language, for those who understand no Dutch are very few. A 
 portion of the Walloons are going back to the Fatherland, either because 
 their years here are expired, or else because some are not very serviceable 
 to the company. Some of them live far away and could not well come in 
 time of heavy rain and storm, so that it is not advisable to appoint tny 
 special service in French for so small a number, and that upon an uncer- 
 tainty. Nevertheless, the Lord's Supper was administered to them in the 
 French language, and according to the French mode, with a discourse 
 preceding, which I had before me in writing, as I could not trust myself 
 extemporaneously. If in this and in other matters your Reverence and the 
 Honorable Brethren of the Consistory,* who have special superintendence 
 over us here deem it necessary to administer to us any correction, instruc- 
 tion or good advice it will be agreeable to us and we will thank your 
 Reverence therefor; since we must have no other object than the glory 
 of God in the building up of His kingdom and the salvation of many 
 souls. I keep myself as far as practicable within the pale of my calling, 
 wherein I find myself sufficiently occupied. And, although our small 
 Consistory embraces at the most — when Brother Crol is down here — not 
 more than four persons, all of whom, myself alone excepted, have also 
 public business to attend to, I still hope to separate carefully the ecclesias- 
 tical from the civil matters which occur, so that each one will be occupied 
 with his own subject. And, though many things are mixti generis, and 
 political and ecclesiastical persons can greatly assist each other, neverthe- 
 less the matters and offices belonging together must not be mixed but kept 
 separate, in order to prevent all confusion and disorder. As the council of 
 this place consists of good people who are, however, for the most part 
 simple and have little experience in public affairs, I should have little 
 objection to serve them in any serious or dubious affair with good advice, 
 provided I considered myself capable and my advice should be asked ; in 
 which case I suppose that I would not do amiss or be suspected by any 
 one of being a roXvvpdyfiMv or dWoTpioeiridtjoiros. 
 
 In my opinion it is very expedient that the Honorable Directors of 
 this place should furnish plain and precise instructions to their Gov- 
 ernors that they may distinctly know how to conduct themselves in all 
 possible public difficulties and events; and also that I should have all such 
 Acta Synodalia, as are adopted in the Synods of Holland, both the special 
 ones relating to this region, and those which are provincial and national, 
 in relation to ecclesiastical points of difficulty, or at least such of them 
 as in the judgment of the Honorable Brethren at Amsterdam would bfl 
 
 •Named at the end of the letter. 
 
 33 
 
most likely to be of service to us here. In the meantime, I hope matters 
 will go well here, if only on both sides we do our best in all sincerity and 
 honest zeal; whereto I have from the first entirely devoted myself, and 
 wherein I have also hitherto, by the grace of God, had no just cause to 
 complain of any one. And if any dubious matters of importance happen 
 to me, and especially if they will admit of any delay, I shall be guided by 
 the good and prudent advice of the Honorable Brethren, to whom I have 
 already wholly commended myself. 
 
 As to the natives of this country. I rind them entirely savage and 
 wild, strangers to all decency, yea. uncivil and stupid as garden poles, 
 proficient in all wickedness and godlessness: devilish men, who serve 
 nobody but the devil, that is. the spirit, which, in their language, they call 
 Menetto; under which title they comprehend everything that is subtle and 
 crafty and beyond human skill and power. They have so much witch- 
 craft, divination, sorcery, and wicked tricks, that they cannot be held in 
 by any bands or locks. They are as thievish and treacherous as they are 
 tall; and in cruelty they are altogether inhuman, more than barbarous, far 
 exceeding the Africans. I have written concerning these things to sev- 
 eral persons elsewhere, not doubting that Brother Crol will have written 
 sufficient to your Reverence, or to the Honorable Directors; as also of the 
 base treachery, and the murders which the Mohicans, at the upper part of 
 this river, had planned against Fort Orange, but by the gracious interposi- 
 tion of the Lord, for our good — who, when it pleases Him, knows how 
 tc pour, unexpectedly, natural impulses into these unnatural men, in order 
 to prevent them— they did not succeed. How these people can best be led 
 to the true knowledge of God and of the Mediator Christ, is hard to say. 
 I cannot myself wonder enough who it is that has imposed so much upon 
 your Reverence and many others in the Fatherland, concerning the docility 
 of these people and their good nature, the proper principia rdigiottis and 
 zrstigia legis naturae which should be among them; in whom I have as 
 yet been able to discover hardly a single good point, except that they do 
 not speak so jeeringly and so scoffingly of the godlike and glorious 
 majesty of their Creator as the Africans dare to do. But it is because 
 they have no certain knowledge of Him, or scarcely any. If we speak to 
 them of God, it appears to them like a dream; and we are compelled to 
 speak of Him, not under the name of Menetto. whom they know and 
 serve — for that would be blasphemy — but of one great, yea. most high. 
 Sackiema: by which name they — living without a king — call him who has 
 the command over several hundred among them, and who by our people 
 are called Sackmakcrs ; and as the people listen, some will begin to mutter 
 and shake their heads as if it were a silly fable, and others, in order to 
 'vpress regard and friendship for such a proposition, will sav orith, that 
 
 34 
 
is, good. Now, by what means are we to make a salutary breach for the 
 salvation of this people? I take the liberty on this point of enlarging 
 somewhat to your Reverence. 
 
 Their language, which is the first thing to be employed with them, 
 methinks is entirely peculiar. Many of our common people call it an 
 easy language, which is soon learned, but I am of a contrary opinion. 
 For those who can understand their words to some extent and repeat 
 them, fail greatly in the pronunciation, and speak a broken language, like 
 the language of Ashdod. For these people have difficult aspirates and 
 many guttural letters, which are formed more in the throat than By the 
 mouth, teeth and lips, to which our people are not accustomed, and mak- 
 ing a bold stroke at which they imagine that they have accomplished 
 something wonderful. It is true one can learn as much as is sufficient for 
 the purposes of trading, but this occurs almost as much by signs with 
 the thumb and fingers as by speaking, but this can not be done in religious 
 matters. It also seems to us that they rather design to conceal their 
 language from us than to properly communicate it, except in things which 
 happen in daily trade ; saying that it is sufficient for us to understand them 
 in that; and then they speak only half sentences, shortened words, and 
 frequently call out a dozen things and even more, and all things which 
 have only a rude resemblance to each other, they frequently call by the 
 same name. In truth it is a made-up, childish language; so that even those 
 who can best of all speak with the savages, and get along well in trade, 
 are nevertheless wholly in the dark and bewildered when they hear the 
 savages talking among themselves. 
 
 It would be well then to leave the parents as they are, and begin with 
 the children who are still young. So be it. But they ought in youth to 
 be separated from their parents; yea, from their whole nation. For, with- 
 out this, they would forthwith be as much accustomed as their parents to 
 heathenish tricks and deviltries, which are kneaded naturally in their 
 hearts by themselves through a just judgment of God; so that having once, 
 by habit, obtained deep root, they would with great difficulty be emanci- 
 pated therefrom. But this separation is hard to effect, for the parents 
 have a strong affection for their children, and are very loth to part with 
 them; and, when they are separated from them, as we have already had 
 proof, the parents are never contented, but take them away stealthily, or 
 induce them to run away. Nevertheless, although it would be attended 
 with some expense, we ought, by means of presents and promises, to obtain 
 the children with the gratitude and consent of the parents; in order to 
 place them under the instruction of some experienced and goodly school- 
 master, where they may be instructed not only to speak, read, and write in 
 our language, but also especially in t lie fundamentals of our Christi n 
 
 35 
 
religion, and where, besides, they will see nothing but the good example 
 of virtuous living; but they must sometimes speak their native tongue 
 among themselves, in order not to forget it, as being evidently a principal 
 means of spreading the knowledge of religion through the whole nation. 
 In the meantime we should not forget to beseech the Lord, with ardent 
 and continual prayers, for His blessing, who can make things which are 
 unseen suddenly and opportunely to appear; who gives life to the dead; 
 calls that which is not as though it were; and being rich in mercy has pity 
 on whom He will ; as He has compassionated us to be His people, when be- 
 fore we were not compassionated and were not His people, and has washed 
 us clean, sanctified us and justified us, when we were covered with all 
 manner of corruption, calling us to the blessed knowledge of His Son, 
 and from the power of darkness to His marvellous light. And this I 
 regard so much the more necessary as the wrath and curse of God, resting 
 upon this miserable people is found to be the heavier. Perchance God 
 may to that end have mercy upon them, that the fulness of the heathen 
 may be gradually brought in and the salvation of our God may be here 
 also seen among these wild and savage men. I hope to keep a watchful eye 
 over these people, and to learn as much of their language as will be prac- 
 ticable, and to seek better opportunities for their instruction than hitherto 
 it has been possible to find. 
 
 As to what concerns myself and my household : I find myself by the 
 loss of my good and helpful partner very much hindered and distressed — 
 for my two little daughters are yet small; maid servants are not here to 
 be had, at least none whom they advise me to take; and the Angola 
 slaves are thievish, lazy, and useless trash. The young man whom I took 
 with me, I discharged after Whitsuntide, for the reason that I could not 
 employ him out-of-doors at any working of the land, and in-doors he was 
 a burden to me instead of an assistance. He is now elsewhere at service 
 among the farmers. 
 
 The promise which the Honorable Directors of the Company had 
 made me of some acres or surveyed lands for me to make myself a home, 
 instead of a free table which otherwise belonged to me, is void and use- 
 less. For their Honors well knew that there are no horses, cows, or 
 laborers to be obtained here for money. Every one is short in these par- 
 ticulars and wants more. I should not mind the expense if the oppor- 
 tunity only offered, for the sake of our own comfort, although there 
 were no profit in it (the Honorable Directors nevertheless remaining in- 
 debted to me for as much as the value of a free table), for refreshment of 
 butter, milk, etc., cannot be here obtained; though some is indeed sold at 
 a very high price, for those who bring it in or bespeak it are jealous of 
 each other. So I shall be compelled to pass through the winter without 
 
 36 
 
butter and other necessaries, which the ships do not bring with them to be 
 sold here. The rations, which are given out and charged for high enough, 
 are all hard, stale food, as they are used to on board ship, and frequently 
 not very good, and even so one cannot obtain as much as he desires. I 
 began to get considerable strength by the grace of the Lord, but in con- 
 sequence of this hard fare of beans and gray peas, which are hard enough, 
 barley, stock-fish, etc., without much change, I cannot fully recuperate as 
 I otherwise would. The summer yields something, but what of that for 
 any one who has no strength? The savages also bring some things, but 
 one who has no wares, such as knives, beads, and the like, or seewan, cannot 
 come to any terms with them. Though the people trade such things for 
 proper wares, I know not whether it is permitted by the laws of the Com- 
 pany. I have now ordered from Holland most all necessaries ; but expect 
 to pass through the winter with hard and scanty food. 
 
 The country yields many good things for the support of life, but 
 they are all too unlit and wild to be gathered. Better regulations should 
 be established, as doubtless will gradually be the case, so that people who 
 have the knowledge and implements for seeking out all kinds of things in 
 their season shall secure and gather them. In the meanwhile, I wish the 
 Honorable Directors to be courteously enquired of, how I can have the 
 opportunity to possess a portion of land, and at my own expense to sup- 
 pjort myself upon it. For as long as there is no more accommodation 
 to be obtained here from the country people, I shall be compelled to order 
 everything from the Fatherland at great expense and with much risk and 
 trouble, or else live here upon these poor and hard rations alone, which 
 would badly suit me and my children. We want ten or twelve farmers 
 with horses, cows and laborers in proportion, to furnish us with bread and 
 fresh butter, milk and cheese. There are convenient places which can be 
 easily protected and very suitable, which can be bought from the savages 
 for trifling toys, or could be occupied without risk, because we have more 
 than enough shares which have never been cleared but have been always 
 reserved for that purpose. The business of furs is dull on account of a 
 new war of the Maechibaeys [Mohawks] against the Mohicans at the 
 upper end of this river. There have occurred cruel murders on both sides. 
 The Mohicans have fled and their lands are unoccupied and are very fer- 
 tile and pleasant. It grieves us that there are no people, and that there 
 is no regulation of the Honorable Directors to occupy the same. They fell 
 much wood here to carry to the Fatherland, but the vessels are too few 
 to take much of it. They are making a windmill to saw the wood and 
 we also have a grist mill. They bake brick here, but it is very poor. 
 There is good material for burning lime, namely, oyster shells, in large 
 quantities. The burning of potash has not succeeded ; the master and his 
 laborers are all greatly disappointed. We are busy now in building a fort 
 
 37 
 
of good quarry stone, which is to be found not far from here in abund- 
 ance. May the Lord only build and watch over our walls. There is 
 good opportunity for making salt, for there are convenient places, the 
 water is salt enough, and there is no want of heat in summer. Besides, 
 as to the waters, both of the sea and rivers, they yield all kinds of fish; 
 and as to the land, it abounds in all kinds of game, wild and in the 
 groves, with vegetables, fruits, roots, herbs and plants, both for eating 
 and medicinal purposes; and with which wonderful cures can be effected, 
 which it would take too long to tell, nor could I do justice to the tale. 
 Your Reverence has already obtained some knowledge thereof and will be 
 able to obtain from others further information. The country is good and 
 pleasant, the climate is healthy, notwithstanding the sudden changes of 
 cold and heat. The sun is very warm, the winter is strong and severe 
 and continues fully as long as in our country. The best remedy is not to 
 spare the wood, of which there is enough, and to cover one's self with 
 rough skins, which can also easily be obtained. 
 
 The harvest, God be praised, is in the barns, and is larger than ever 
 before. There had been more work put on it than before. The ground is 
 fertile enough to reward labor, but they must clear it well, and till it just 
 as our lands require. Until now there has been distress because many 
 people were not very industrious, and also did not obtain proper suste- 
 nance for want of bread and other necessaries. But affairs are beginning 
 to put on a better appearance, if only the (Directors) will send out good 
 laborers and exercise all care that they be maintained as well as possible 
 with what this country produces. 
 
 I had promised (to write) to the Honorable Brethren, Rudolphus 
 Petri, Joannes Sylvius and Domine Cloppenburg, who, with your Rev- 
 erence, were charged with the superintendence of these regions (*) ; but as 
 this would take long and the time is short, and my occupations at the 
 present time many, will your Reverence be pleased to give my friendly 
 and kind regards to their Reverences, and to excuse me, on condition that 
 I remain their debtor to fulfill my promise — God willing — the next time. 
 Will you, also, give my sincere respects to the Reverend Domine Trig- 
 landius, and to all the Brethren of the Consistory besides, to all of whom 
 I have not thought it necessary to write particularly at this time, as they 
 are made by me participants in these tidings, and are content to be fed 
 from the hand of your Reverence. If it shall be convenient for your 
 Reverence or any of the Reverend Brethren to write to me a letter con- 
 cerning matters which might be important in any degree to me, it would 
 be very interesting to me, living here in a wild country without any society 
 of our order, and would be a spur to write more assiduously to the 
 Reverend Brethren concerning what may happen here. And especially 
 do not forget my hearty salutation to the beloved wife and brother-in- 
 
 (*) Mr. Bodel Nijenhuis states that it was' so committed to some of the min- 
 isters of Amsterdam by the Synod of North Holland; and the ministers above mentioned 
 were all at that time active ministers at Amsterdam, where Sylvius and Triglandius 
 
 had been since 1610, 1'etri since 1612, and Cloppenburg since 1621. 
 
 38 
 
law of your Reverence, who have shown me nothing but friendship and 
 kindness above my deserts. If there is anything in which I can in return 
 serve or gratify your Reverence, I shall be glad to do so, and shall not be 
 delinquent in anything. Concluding then herewith, and commending my- 
 self to your Reverence's favor and to your holy prayers to the Lord. 
 
 Reverend and learned Sir, Beloved Brother in Christ, and Kind 
 Friend : 
 
 Heartily commending your Reverence and all of you to Almighty 
 God, to continued health and prosperity, and to eternal salvation, by His 
 Grace. 
 
 From the island of Manhatas in New Netherland, this 11th day of 
 August, Anno 1628, by me, your Reverence's very obedient servant in 
 Christ. 
 
 JONAS MICHAELIUS. 
 
 (Endorsed.) The honorable, learned and pious Mr. Adrian 
 Smoutius, faithful minister of the holy gospel of Christ in his 
 Church, dwelling upon the Heerengracht, not far from the house 
 of the West India Company, Amsterdam. By a friend whom 
 God preserve. 
 
 (Sealed with a wafered signet not discernible). 
 
 The following is the inscription on the tablet erected in his 
 memory in the Collegiate Church, Second Avenue and Seventh 
 Street, this city. 
 
 TO THE GLORY OF 000 
 
 AND IN MEMORY OF 
 THE REVEREND 
 
 JONAS WICHAELIUS 
 
 * THE FIRST MINISTER OF 
 THE OUTCH REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 
 
 WHO, A. 162fi. ORGANIZED. IN NEW 
 AM8TER0AM. THIS CHURCH, WHEN "FULL 
 FIFTY COMMUNICANTS RECEIVED THE LORD'S 
 6UPPER--N0T WITHOUT JOV ANO COMFORT 
 TO MANY 
 
 FBOM THIS ' BEGINNING OF THE GOSPEL OF 
 ■IE8US CHRIST THE SON OF GOD. " THIS ChuRCn 
 
 MAS "CONTINUED 8TEA0FA8TLV IN THE 
 
 AP0STLE8 DOCTRINE AND FELLOWSHIP. AND 
 
 IN BREAKING OF BREAD. AND IN PRAYERS 
 
 MID TOIL AND TRIBULATION 
 ANO TUMULT OF HER WAR, 
 6H£ WAIT8 THE CONSUMMATION 
 OF PEACE FOR EVERMORE: 
 TILL WTTW THE VISION 
 GLORIOUS 
 HER longing EYES ARE BLEST. 
 ANO TH£ GREAT CHURCH 
 VICTORIOUS, 
 Shall be the ChuRCN at REfct 
 
 IKECTEO A 1000. 
 
 39 
 
IV. 
 
 ($ ^untap Qfflormn<$ beptc^eb at t$z £#urcO 
 of fbt. (Htcjjofo* w t$t feavfy %\&tQX% 
 of <0e tfy. 
 
 (The Church in the Fort Erected A.D. 1642.) 
 
 Extract from an Address by the Late James W. Gerard Before The 
 Historical Society in 1874, on the Old Streets of 
 New York Under the Dutch. 
 
 (pufiftc nEorcfftp tn Cofomaf ©age. 
 
 41 
 
IV. 
 
 Q ^unbag (Utormng 'oeptcfeb af t^c £0urc0 of 
 gt. Qttcflofoo tn tfyt £<trfg ^teforg 
 
 (The Church in the Fort Erected A.D. 1642.) 
 
 Extract from an address by the late James W. Gerard before 
 the Historical Society in 1874 on The Old Streets of New York 
 Under the Dutch. 
 
 We may present to ourselves, for a moment, a picture of a congre- 
 gation of our New Amsterdam predecessors, gathered together for a 
 morning service in the church in the old fort; Jan Gillesen, the klink, or 
 bell-ringer, is lustily pulling at the sonorous little Spanish bell, captured 
 by the Dutch fleet from Porto Rico, whose sounds roll gently o'er hill and 
 meadow, and reach the settlements on the Long Island shore. The morn- 
 ing sun is shining brightly over the bay, which glistens through the trees 
 that are scattered over the verdant field that rolls between the bay and 
 the fort, while the cottages, with their high-peaked roofs, and the wind- 
 mill by the fort, and a few sheep grazing in the distance, give a varied 
 aspect to the peaceful scene. All labor has ceased, the song even of birds 
 seems hushed; and the calm repose of the Sabbath seems to pervade the 
 very air, and give to Nature an additional serenity and repose. The 
 neatly-clad people, in family groups, slowly and sedately wend their way 
 through road and rural lane to the house of worship — some on foot, others 
 on horseback, or in vehicles, some landing in boats from distant settlements 
 or neighboring farms on either river. 
 
 Nicassius de Sille, the city "Schout," accompanied by Hendrick Van 
 Bommel, the town crier, is going his rounds to see that all is quiet and 
 conformed to the sacredness of the day; to keep the lazy Indians and 
 negroes from fighting or gaming, and the tapsters from selling liquor. In 
 front, and on the side of the fort, is a concourse of wagons and horses; 
 some animals let loose to graze on the hillside that ran towards the water ; 
 others drinking from the trough supplied by the well before the fort; 
 others cared for by the negro slave boys, who, proud of their charge, 
 walk them to and fro, and occasionally take a sly ride from a complaisant 
 animal. 
 
 Now, preceded by old Claes Van Elsland, the Marshal of the Coun- 
 cil (who also fulfilled the functions of sexton and dog-whipper) , and 
 marching between the bowing people up the aisle, we behold him whose 
 presence represents the "High and Mighty Lords, the States-General of 
 the United Netherlands, His Highness of Orange, and the Noble Lords 
 the Managers of the privileged West India Company"— no less a person- 
 
 43 
 
age, in fact, walking with a cane, sturdy and erect, in spite of his wooden 
 leg, than his Excellency De Hccr Directeur Generaal Petrus Stuyvesant, 
 Governor of Nieuw Nederland, accompanied by his wife, the lady Judith, 
 walking stately and prim, as becomes her position as wife of the great 
 Director; and by her side old Dr. Johannes de la Montagnie, ex-Councillor, 
 and now Vice-Director at Fort Orange (Albany), who has come down on 
 a visit to talk about state affairs. 
 
 Following the Governor is the provincial secretary, Cornelius Van 
 Ruyven, and his wife, Hildegonde, a daughter of Domine Megapolensis ; 
 and here are the "most worshipful, most prudent, and very discreet," their 
 mightiness the Burgomasters and Schepens of New Amsterdam, answer- 
 ing to what are now the mayor, aldermen and common councilmen. Pre- 
 ceding them to their official pew, with their velvet cushions brought from 
 the Stad Huys, or City Hall, is old Matthew de Vos, the Town Marshal. 
 
 Walking in portly dignity are the Burgomasters, Oloff Stevensen 
 Van Cortlandt and Paulus Leedersen Vandiegrist; and the most worship- 
 ful Schepens, Cornelius Steenwyck, Johannes de Peyster, Peter Wolfersen 
 Van Couwenhoven, Isaac de Foreest and Jacob Strycker. 
 
 Following them we observe Allard Anthony and Isaac Bedlow, the 
 prosperous traders; and Joannes de Witt, the miller and flour merchant; 
 and Dr. Hans Kierstede, with his wife Sara, who was a daughter of 
 Mrs. Anneke Jans Bogardus. And here is Madame Cornelia de Peyster, 
 wife of the Schepen, with her golden-clasped psalm-book hanging from 
 her arm by its golden chain; and the wealthy fur trader, Peter Rudolphus 
 de Vries, and Margaretta Hardenbrook, his bride, who four years later, 
 married the lively young carpenter, Frederick Phillipse, he, who a few 
 years later became also Lord of Phillipse Manor, on the Hudson, by the 
 Pocantico creek or Mill river, just above Tarrytown. And there was the 
 great English merchant, John Dervall, and his handsome wife, Katherina, 
 the daughter of Burgomaster Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, which lady, 
 in after time, also became a wife of and brought a large fortune to the 
 same lucky Mr. Frederick Phillipse, who then sat humbly in the back 
 benches, little dreaming of the good fortune that was awaiting him by 
 his marriage with the neighboring two rich widows. And here is the sub- 
 stantial merchant, Jeromimus Ebbing, and the widow de Huller, to whom 
 he was betrothed, daughter of old Johannes de Laet, one of the original 
 proprietors of Rensselaerswyck; and Madame Margaretta de Riemer, for- 
 merly Gravenraedt, just married to Schepen Cornelius Steenwyck; and 
 Airs. Catherine de Boogh Beekman, daughter of Captain de Boogh, then 
 running the smartest craft on the river, which Mrs. Catherine was married 
 to Wilhelmus Beekman, Director on South river. And here is the widow 
 of the late Secretary, Cornelius Van Tienhoven, whose hat and cane had 
 been found in the North river, which was the last seen of the most un- 
 popular man in Nieuw Amsterdam. 
 
 Now enters Mrs. Elizabeth Backer, formerly Van Es, the great fur 
 
 44 
 
trader on the Heere-graeft, followed by her little slave boy, Toby, carry- 
 ing her New Testament with silver clasps. 
 
 And here, also, is the young baronet, Sir Henry Moody, son of Lady 
 Deborah Moody from "Gravcscndc',' she who left the Massachusetts colony 
 because of her view on infant baptism, and who had twice defended her 
 house against savages in the troublous times. 
 
 And come also to hear the Domine are some of the Van Curlers and 
 Gerritsens and Wolfertsens and Stryckers, from New Amersfoordt (Flat- 
 lands) ; and the Snedekors and Elbertsens and Van Hattems, from 
 "Vlackebosh" or Midwout (Flatbush) ; and old Lubbertsen Vanderbeck 
 from Brcuckelen ; and Rapeljes and Duryees and Cershous, from the 
 Waalboght. 
 
 And then follow the rest of the good citizens of the place, both those 
 of the great and the small citizenship, the "Groote Burgerrecht" and the 
 "Kleine Burgerrecht" — Dirck Van Schelluyne the notary, Vanderspiegle 
 the baker, whose two litle girls subsequently married, one a DeForeest, 
 and the other Rip Van Dam, the Colonial Lieutenant Governor ; and burly 
 Burger Jorisen, the patriotic blacksmith from Hanover Square, the last 
 man, five years later, to advocate resistance to the English, and who 
 abandoned the city in disgust after the surrender. 
 
 And then Pieter Cornelius Vanderveer and Mrs. Elsje, his wife, the 
 daughter of the great merchant, Govert Lockermans, which Mrs. Elsje sub- 
 sequently married the unfortunate Jacob Leisler. Behind Mrs. Vanderveer 
 were her lively sisters, Marritje and Jannetje, and near by, casting 
 sheep's-eyes at the former, was Master Balthazar Bayard, whom she sub- 
 sequently married. 
 
 After the Domine's exhortation was finished, and a prayer from 
 Domine Drysius, and a psalm had been sung, led by Harmanus Van 
 Hoboken, the schoolmaster and "zickcn-troostcr," or choir-leader, whose 
 voice the widow Marritje Pieters particularly admired, the members of 
 the congregation wended their way over street and path and meadow t<> 
 their respective homes. 
 
 The ladies doffed their Sunday finery and set to work in hearty 
 preparation of the noontide meal. 
 
 45 
 
(puBftc TBowlft* tn Cofomaf ©age. 
 
 In connection with the foregoing article, it has been thought 
 that a description of the order of Public Worship in our Church 
 in colonial days would be interesting, and the same follows below. 
 
 These notes certainly indicate a profound reverence for the 
 sacred precincts of God's House and of all the proprieties of 
 Public Worship. 
 
 During the early history of the Collegiate Church the services were 
 conducted in the Dutch Language and the order of public worship con- 
 formed to that of the Mother Church in Holland. The fore singer, or 
 clerk, whose place was at a desk beneath the pulpit, or in one end of 
 the deacon's pew, began the morning service by admonishing the people 
 to "Hear with reverence the Word of the Lord"; he then read the Ten 
 Commandments, and announced the Psalm to be sung. During the 
 singing the Minister entered, stood reverently for a few moments at the 
 foot of the pulpit stairs engaged in silent prayer, then ascended the 
 pulpit and continued the service. 
 
 He preached with the hour glass before him, knowing that if he 
 exceeded the limit it would be the duty of the clerk to remind him of it 
 by three raps of his cane. At the conclusion of the sermon the clerk 
 inserted in the end of his staff the public notices to be read and handed 
 them up to the Minister. This duty performed, the deacons rose in their 
 pews, the Minister delivered a short homily on the duty of remembering 
 the poor, and the deacons passed through the congregation, each bearing 
 a long pole, on the end of which a small black velvet bag was suspended 
 to receive the offerings. 
 
 The afternoon service was begun as in the morning, by the clerk, 
 when the Apostles' or Nicene Creed was read instead of the Command- 
 ments. At the close of every service, when the Minister descended, the 
 elders and deacons stood to receive him, and each gave the right hand 
 in token of approval. When the Lord's Supper was administered, the 
 communicants stood around the Communion table, which was placed 
 below the pulpit, the Minister addressing each member as he handed the 
 elements, or the clerk reading aloud a suitable chapter from the Prophecy 
 of Isaiah or the Gospel of St. John. 
 
 The order of worship now in use is in accordance with the revised 
 Liturgy. 
 
 The custom of collecting the alms in bags continued until 1791, 
 when the Consistory received a gift of ten silver plates for the purpose. 
 These were presented by Mr. Leonard Bleecker as a gift from members 
 of the church. Seven of these plates are still in use in the Church of St. 
 Nicholas, Fifth Avenue and Forty-Eighth Street. Each plate bears the 
 name of the donor. These names are: Leonard Bleecker, James C. 
 Roosevelt, James Roosevelt, John Goodwin, Cornelius Ray, John Bush, 
 Isaac Clason. 
 
 46 
 
The Bell of the Old Middle Church. 
 
 47 
 
NEW YORK'S LIBERTY BELL 
 
 THE BELL OF THE OLD MIDDLE CHURCH (1729) NOW HANGING IN THE 
 BELFRY OF THE CHURCH OF ST NICHOLAS. FIFTH AVENUE 
 AND FORTY-EIGHTH STREET. NEW YORK CITY 
 
V. 
 
 QUw ^ora'e £t8erfg QBeff. 
 
 The Bell of the Old Middle Church. 
 
 The Bell of the Old Middle Church {1729) nozv hanging in 
 the belfry of the Church of St. Nicholas, Fifth Avenue and Forty- 
 eighth Street. 
 
 This bell was presented to the church by Col. Abraham De 
 Peyster, a prominent citizen of New York, and an influential 
 member of the Reformed Dutch Church. He died in 1728, while 
 the church was building, but he had directed in his will that a bell 
 should be procured at his expense from Holland for the new edi- 
 fice. It was made at Amsterdam in 1731, and it is said that a 
 number of citizens of that place cast in quantities of silver coin in 
 the preparation of the metal. The following is inscription on the 
 bell: 
 
 "Me fecerunt De Gravoe et N. Muller, Amsterdam, Anno 1731. 
 Abraham De Peyster, geboren (born) den 8, July, 1657, 
 gestorven (died) den 8 Augustus, 1728. 
 
 Een legaat aan de Nederduytsche Kerke, Nieuw York. 
 
 (A legacy to the Low Dutch Church at New York.) 
 
 This bell continued with the church in Nassau Street until 
 it was closed in 1844 for religious uses and leased to the United 
 States Government for the City Post-office. It was then removed 
 to the church in Lafayette Place, and on the completion of the 
 church at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street was 
 removed to the belfry there, where it remains sounding its silver 
 tones which have been heard in this city for nearly two centuries. 
 
 The late John Oothout, Esq., of this city, stated an interest- 
 ing fact in relation to this bell. He remarked in a letter to 
 Frederic De Peyster, Esq., that early in the Revolutionary War. 
 when the British converted the Middle Church into a riding- 
 school for their dragoons bv removing the pulpit, gallery, pews. 
 
 49 
 
and flooring, his father obtained from the Commander-in-Chief, 
 Lord Howe, permission to take down the bell. This he stored in 
 a secure and secret place, where it remained some years after the 
 British had evacuated the city. When the church was repaired 
 and reopened, he brought forth the old bell from its hiding place 
 and restored it to its rightful position. 
 
 It is recorded on the minutes of the Consistory that, after 
 the Revolutionary War was over and peace restored, the bells 
 of all the churches were brought back from Carlisle, Pa., where 
 it appears they had been taken at some previous period for safe 
 keeping. A number of years ago an antiquarian of this city, in 
 examining the old belfry, observed a series of rudely carved dates 
 with accompanying initials of the panelling between the balus- 
 traded arches. These memorials could be traced distinctly 
 through the coats of paint added in later days, and were discov- 
 ered to be inscriptions made by old bell-ringers of the church 
 on the occasions when they were required to ring a merry peal at 
 the public rejoicings in the city. Among these he mentions: 
 
 "L.M., Oct. 31, A.D. 1733. 
 W.P., April 11, A.D. 1775. 
 July 9, A.D. 1776. 
 July 4, A.D. 1790." 
 
 The two former of these commemorated stirring events in 
 Colonial days. One was the choice of Judge Morris to the Pro- 
 vincial Assembly by the voters of Westchester County ; his elec- 
 tion, under the circumstances, being considered a triumph for the 
 popular party and a rebuke to Governor Cosby. The other was 
 the election of a committee by a public meeting at White Plains 
 to co-operate with a similar committee in New York in choosing 
 delegates to represent the colony in the Continental Congress. 
 Much opposition was made, parties being nearly equally divided ; 
 but the election was held, and when the result was brought by 
 express-riders to the city, the bells were rung. The two latter 
 
 50 
 
dates explain themselves : the first one being that of the time when 
 the Declaration of Independence was read at the head of each 
 brigade of Washington's army, which then was stationed in this 
 city ; the other denoting the day of the reopening of the church 
 for divine service after its desecration during the war. 
 
 The bell was tolled on the days of the funerals of Washing- 
 ton, Lincoln and Grant. On the latter occasion, the Xew York 
 World of August 7th, 1885, stated that the "Bell will now send 
 forth its solemn tones while the last honors are being paid to the 
 memory of him who stands third on the roll of America's illus- 
 trious dead." 
 
 During the funeral services of President McKinley in 1901, 
 of President Cleveland in 1908, of President Roosevelt in 1919, 
 of President Harding in 1923 and President Wilson in 1924, the 
 bell was tolled by order of the Consistory. 
 
 The tones of the bell have also greeted other celebrated oc- 
 casions, such as the Centennial in 1889 of the inauguration of 
 the first President of the United States, the two hundred and 
 fiftieth anniversary of the City of Xew York in 1903, and the 
 Hudson Fulton celebration in 1909. 
 
 51 
 
VI. 
 
 fcje £o%tafe £0urc0 of 1926. 
 
 53 
 
COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS 
 FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTY-EIGHT STREET 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
 THE LATE DEAN STANLEY. ON A VISIT TO AMERICA. PRONOUNCED 
 THIS CHURCH THE FINEST SPECIMEN OF PARISH 
 ARCHITECTURE HE HAD SEEN 
 
VI. 
 
 Zfc CofPegtftfe Cf>ur$ of 1926 
 
 The Church of Holland, of which the Reformed Church in 
 America is a lineal descendant, was fully organized, A. D. 1619. 
 She soon became distinguished for learning, soundness in the 
 faith and practical godliness. She not only maintained a close 
 correspondence with sister Churches, but often had the advantage 
 of the presence of their distinguished men, since Holland was 
 the common refuge of all the persecuted believers in Europe. 
 Huguenots, Waldenses, Covenanters and Puritans found a safe 
 asylum on her hospitable shores. 
 
 The Reformed Church in America (otherwise called the 
 Dutch Reformed Church), with which the Collegiate Church is 
 in denominational communion, has for her chief characteristics 
 jealousy for doctrinal truth, insistence upon an educated ministry, 
 unyielding attachment to her own views of faith and order, and a 
 large charity for all others who hold to Jesus Christ the Head. 
 In the community of Christian Churches she is well described by 
 the terms — semi-liturgical, non prelatical. 
 
 It is the oldest body governed by Presbyters on the Western 
 Hemisphere. As the pioneer, therefore, of those doctrines and 
 forms of government believed to be the most in harmony with 
 Scripture and the American Constitution, she occupies a unique 
 place in our country's annals. The Reformed Church of Holland 
 has the honor of having first planted this form of Church govern- 
 ment upon the shores of the New World. 
 
 One of its prominent ministers of the present day bears the 
 following beautiful and winsome testimony to this Church: 
 
 "We have to remind ourselves, that there is no presentation of the 
 Common Consensus of Faith, more properly stated, more readily received, 
 more satisfying to the Christian heart, than our own. While teaching the 
 Doctrines of Grace with distinctness and insisting on the sovereignty of 
 God in salvation, our Standards begin from the point of a sinner's neces- 
 sities, and by gently leading up into the mysteries of faith avoid those 
 hard and angular presentments which arc likely to stir objection before 
 
 55 
 
the mind has received sufficient light to apprehend them. To this genial 
 soul of Doctrine has been joined the appropriate body of a corresponding 
 and Scriptural Order — the Waldensian System of a Parochial Episcopate, 
 with its Consistory of Presbyters and Deacons — a system pure from those 
 secular elements which have disturbed the peace of so many Churches." 
 
 The Liturgy begins to date from the Reformation Period, 
 while the Ancient Creeds — the Apostles', the Nicene and the 
 Athanasian (Quicunque Vult) — and some other things are re- 
 tained from the early Church. 
 
 This Church, which brought the Gospel in its purest form to 
 the Western Hemisphere, has for nearly three centuries given 
 unbroken testimony for the truth and order of God's House. 
 
 The Collegiate Church of New York is the oldest Protestant 
 Church in America having a continuous organization. 
 
 It was fully organized A. D. 1628 in New Amsterdam, now 
 New York, under the three orders of the Reformed Church, with 
 its Consistory of Minister, Elders and Deacons. Jonas Michaelius 
 was its first minister; Peter Minuit, Colonial Governor, upon • 
 its organization became one of the Elders. 
 
 Its succession of Ministers, Elders and Deacons has been 
 unbroken since A. D. 1628. 
 
 It received its civil charter from William III, King of Eng- 
 land (William and Mary), in May A. D. 1696. 
 
 Serving the Church in common, its Ministers, of course, are 
 colleagues, and hence arose the familiar name — the Collegiate 
 Church. For many generations its Ministers officiated in rotation 
 in the several edifices. 
 
 The Collegiate Church maintains eleven places of worship, as 
 follows : 
 
 I. Middle Church, Second Avenue and Seventh Street. 
 II. Marble Church, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street. 
 III. Church of St. Nicholas, Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth 
 Street. 
 
 56 
 
IV. West End Church, West End Avenue and Seventy- 
 seventh Street. 
 
 V. Fort Washington Church, One Hundred and Eighty- 
 first Street and Fort Washington Avenue. 
 VI. North Church Chapel, 113 Fulton Street (Fulton Street 
 
 Prayer Meeting). 
 VII. Knox Memorial Chapel, 405-409 West Forty-first Street. 
 VIII. Vermilye Chapel, 416 West Fifty-fourth Street. 
 IX. Faith Mission, 239 West Sixty-ninth Street. 
 X. Sunshine Chapel, 550 West Fortieth Street. 
 XI. Bethany Memorial Church, First Avenue and Sixty- 
 seventh Street. 
 
 THE CLERGY. 
 Ministers. 
 
 The Rev. David Jas. Burrell, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 (Senior Minister). 
 The Rev. Henry Evertson Cobb, D.D. 
 The Rev. Malcolm James McLeod, D.D. 
 The Rev. Irving Husted Berg, D.D. 
 The Rev. Edgar Franklin Romig. 
 The Rev. Daniel A. Poling, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 Other Clergy Officiating. 
 
 The Rev. Winfred R. Ackert. 
 
 The Rev. Edward G. W. Meury, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 The Rev. Arthur B. Churchman. 
 
 The Rev. H. W. Murphy. 
 
 The Rev. Thomas H. Johnson. 
 
 The Rev. Paul R. Dickie. 
 
 57 
 
THE CONSISTORY. 
 (the corporation) 
 Ministers. 
 
 The Rev. David Jas. Burrell, D.D., LL.D. 
 The Rev. Henry Evertson Cobb, D.D. 
 The Rev. Malcolm James MacLeod, D.D. 
 The Rev. Irving Husted Berg, D.D. 
 The Rev. Edgar Franklin Romig. 
 The Rev. Daniel A. Poling, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 elders 
 
 deacons 
 
 Philip F. W. Ahrens 
 
 William L. Brower 
 
 William S. Denison 
 
 Edwin E. Dickinson 
 
 Henry L. Harrison 
 
 E. Francis Hyde 
 
 John M. Kyle 
 
 Eben E. Olcott 
 
 Oliver I. Pilat 
 
 Wm. E. Reed 
 
 Robert H. Robinson 
 
 Charles A. Runk 
 
 William H. Van Steenbergh 
 
 Charles H. Zehnder 
 
 Herbert N. Armstrong 
 Charles W. Ballard 
 Dr. James H. Brice 
 John F. Chambers 
 Sidney B. Fitz-Gerald 
 Joseph R. Greenwood 
 John Laimbeer 
 David B. Luckey 
 S. Cliffton Mabon 
 Frank B. McGay 
 Robert James Noble, Jr 
 Roswell M. Patterson 
 William V. V. Powers 
 George W. M. Stock 
 
 OFFICERS. 
 
 President. 
 
 OXE OF THE MINISTERS 
 
 Clerk, Charles Stewart Phillips. 
 Assistant Clerk, Henry P. Miller. 
 Treasurer, Charles Stewart Phillips. 
 Assistant Treasurer, Henry P. Miller. 
 
 {The offices of the Corporation are at 113 Fulton Street) 
 
 58 
 
Besides the Churches the Collegiate Consistory maintain a 
 Day School and the famous Noonday Meeting known as the 
 Fulton Street Prayer Meeting. 
 
 Notes on the same follow : 
 
 THE COLLEGIATE SCHOOL. 
 
 The Collegiate Church has always maintained a day school in 
 connection with their Church. The connection of the school with 
 the Church was characteristic of the early Reformed Churches 
 and the school stands for a great and important idea, the idea 
 that education and religion can never be dissociated. 
 
 The first school master was Adam Roelants (or Roelantsen) 
 (1633-1639) and hence the school is now the oldest educational 
 institution in existence in America. 
 
 For two hundred and fifty-four years the school was known 
 as the parochial or church school, but in 1887 the school was 
 reorganized under the name of "The Collegiate Grammar 
 School." 
 
 The School was first held in Fort Amsterdam, and after sev- 
 eral changes was removed to Garden Street, where it remained 
 for three-quarters of a century. Then it was transferred to 
 Duane Street, to Elm Street, at the corner of Canal, to the base- 
 ment of the Church, corner of Broome and Greene Streets, and 
 elsewhere, until, in 1847, it secured a building of its own at 183 
 West 4th Street, where it remained until 1861, when it was re- 
 moved to 160 West 29th Street. 
 
 Upon its reorganization in 1887, it was opened at 348 West 
 74th Street. After a lapse of two years it was located at 242 
 West 74th Street and when the West End Church was erected 
 at 77th Street and West End Avenue in 1892, a commodious 
 building was erected for its use immediately adjoining the Church 
 edifice. 
 
 59 
 
THE FULTON STREET PRAYER MEETING. 
 
 This meeting mentioned above is a daily prayer meeting at 
 the noon hour, having been begun September 23rd, 1857. "This 
 first one of these meetings at the noon hour was remarkable in its 
 character and still more in its results, for while there were at the 
 time when it began, manifestations of the special presence of the 
 Holy Spirit of God in various Churches in this city, and doubt- 
 less elsewhere also, yet at this meeting seems to have been the 
 place where commenced the general work of Grace, irrespective 
 of particular denominations, that general work which spread so 
 rapidly over all parts of this country and even crossed the sea to 
 the Old World," and thus constituted what is generally known 
 as the Revival of 1857 and 1858. 
 
 Its opportunities and privileges have ever been open to all 
 friends of Christ of whatever name. The expenses incident to 
 the maintenance of these services have always been borne by the 
 Collegiate Church. 
 
 THE YEAR BOOK. 
 
 Since the year 1880 the Consistory has issued every year a 
 Year Book which contains a detailed account of the work carried 
 on throughout the several Churches and places of worship under 
 its care, also much material of historical value. 
 
 Copies may be had on application at the office of the Col- 
 legiate Church, 113 Fulton Street. 
 
 The total membership of the Collegiate Church, including 
 churches and chapels, January 1st, 1926 (according to General 
 Roll without classification), was 6621. 
 
 6U 
 
The collections and contributions in the Collegiate Church 
 and Chapels during the year 1924 : 
 
 Ten Sunday Schools are maintained in the several churches 
 and chapels with an enrollment of 2269. 
 
 The Collegiate Church maintains in all its places of wor- 
 ship the customary church activities, always giving prominence 
 to the true mission of the church — the conversion of the erring 
 and the up-building of the faith of others. 
 
 Religious, social and welfare societies, organizations and 
 classes are supported and conducted to meet the various needs of 
 the several congregations. 
 
 For Denominational Purposes 
 
 For Other Objects 
 
 For Congregational Purposes 
 
 $ 72,303.20 
 14,807.22 
 103,891.58 
 
 61 
 
It has been thought interesting to enumerate below the suc- 
 cession of Ministers since 1628. Also a description of the build- 
 ings erected for worship since the organization of the Church. 
 
 THE SUCCESSION OF MINISTERS. 
 
 1628-1926. 
 
 I Jonas Michaelius 1628-1631 
 
 II EVERARDUS BOGARDUS 1633-1647 
 
 III Johannes Backerus 1647-1649 
 
 IV Joannes Megapolensis 1649-1670 
 
 V Samuel Drisius 1652-1673 
 
 VI Samuel Megapolensis 1664-1669 
 
 VII Wilhelmus Van Niewenhuysen 1671-1682 
 
 VIII Henricus Selyns 1682-1701 
 
 IX Gaulterus Du Bois 1699-1751 
 
 X Henricus Boel 1713-1754 
 
 XI Joannes Ritzema 1744-1784 
 
 XII Lambertus De Ronde 1751-1784 
 
 XIII Archibald Laidlie 1764-1779 
 
 XIV John Henry Livingston 1770-1810 
 
 XV William Linn 1785-1805 
 
 XVI Gerardus Arense Kuypers 1789-1833 
 
 XVII John Neilsen Abeel 1795-1812 
 
 XVIII John Schureman 1809-1812 
 
 XIX Jacob Brodhead 1809-1813 
 
 XX Philip Milledoler 1813-1825 
 
 XXI John Knox 1816-1858 
 
 XXII Paschal Nelson Strong 1816-1825 
 
 XXIII William Craig Brownlee 1826-1860 
 
 XXIV Thomas De Witt 1827-1874 
 
 XXV Thomas Edward Vermilye 1839-1893 
 
 XXVI Talbot Wilson Chambers 1849-1896 
 
 XXVII Joseph Tuthill Duryea 1862-1867 
 
 XXVIII James Meeker Ludlow 1868-1877 
 
 XXIX William Ormiston 1870-1888 
 
 XXX Edward Benton Coe 1879-1914 
 
 XXXI David James Burrell 1891- 
 
 XXXII Donald Sage Mackay 1899-1908 
 
 XXXIII Henry Evertson Cobb 1903- 
 
 XXXIV John Gerardus Fagg 1903-1917 
 
 XXXV Malcolm James MacLeod 1910- 
 
 XXXVI Irving Husted Berg 1917-.... 
 
 XXXVII Edgar Franklin Romig 1922-.... 
 
 XXXVIII Daniel A. Poling 1923-.... 
 
 62 
 
Assistant Ministers. 
 
 I John Hutchins 1892-1895 
 
 II Henry Eyertson Cobb 1893-1903 
 
 III John Gerard us Fagg 1896-1903 
 
 IV Ferdinand Schureman Schenck 1897-1899 
 
 V Edgar Franklin Romig 1918-1922 
 
 CHURCH IJUILDIXGS ERECTED FROM THE 
 BEGINNING. 
 
 The following account of the buildings erected from the 
 beginning is thought to be interesting. 
 
 (These buildings have stood for the moral and 
 religious welfare of New York. Their walls 
 hare resounded for nearly three centuries with 
 the proclamation of the Gospel brought in its 
 purest form to the Western Hemisphere. All 
 these years have given unbroken testimony for 
 the truth and order of God's House. 
 "Many a wave of error has rolled over this land. 
 Many a subtle heresiarch has unfurled his ban- 
 ner and bid defianee to the old faith. Foreign 
 wars and civil wars have left their bloody tracks 
 on the face of the country. Inventions of all 
 kinds have revolutionized the courses of trade 
 and the processes of agriculture ; and the great 
 changes in secular things have often suggested 
 similar changes in things sacred. But none of 
 these things have moved the old Collegiate 
 Church. She has maintained , throughout all. 
 her doctrine, order and life.") 
 
 1623-1628 The Dutch and Walloon immigrants who formed 
 the first settlement in New Xetherland first held their 
 religious meetings for a number of years in a spacious 
 room in a loft above the first horse-mill erected on the 
 Island. The location of this mill is approximately 
 20-22 South William Street. It was here that the 
 63 
 
Church was organized in 1628. In the year 1913, the 
 Consistory acquired four of the old millstones which 
 had been in use in the mill and these stones are de- 
 posited in the basement of the Church of St. Nicholas, 
 Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street. 
 
 1633. I. A Wooden Building on the East River, the 
 first church edifice. 
 
 This was erected in 1633 in the year in which the 
 Rev. Everardus Bogardus came out from Holland. 
 This was a plain wooden building situated on the East 
 River in what is now Broad Street, between Bridge 
 and Pearl Streets. Hard by a parsonage with a stable 
 attached was put up for the use of the Domine. 
 
 1642 II. The Stone Church in the Fort. 
 
 In 1642, during the rule of Governor Kieft, the 
 Colony had so far increased that a new church was 
 imperatively needed. It was built of stone with a roof 
 of heavy split oaken shingles. It had a conspicuous 
 tower, which was surmounted with a weathercock. 
 
 On one of the old houses, No. 4 Bowling Green, 
 near the Battery, was once a large bronze tablet with 
 the following inscription : 
 
 'The Site of Fort Amsterdam, 
 Built in 1626 
 Within the Fortifications 
 
 Was Erected the First 
 Substantial Church Edifice 
 on the Island of Manhattan/' 
 
 This church was 70 feet long, 52 feet wide and 16 
 feet high, with a peaked roof and tower. 'The Church 
 in the Fort," as it is often called, was then known as 
 "St. Nicholas Church." It accommodated the people 
 64 
 
for over fifty years, its stone walls often serving as a 
 rallying place and refuge in many an alarm of Indian 
 foray and massacre. On the front of the church was 
 a stone tablet with this inscription : 
 
 "An. Dom. MDCXLIL, 
 W. Kieft Dir. Gen. Heeft de Gemeente 
 Dese Tempel Doen Bouwen." 
 
 "A. D. 1642, W. Kieft being Director-General, has caused the 
 congregation to build this temple." 
 
 In 1790, when they were taking away the edifice 
 of the fort at the Battery to make way for the Govern- 
 ment House on the site of what is now Bowling Green, 
 this stone was found among the ruins. It was removed 
 to the basement of the church in Garden Street, where 
 it remained until the building was destroyed in the 
 great fire of December, 1835. On the bell which hung 
 in the church tower was inscribed : 
 
 "DULCIOR E NOSTRIS TINNITIBUS RESONAT AER. 
 
 P. Hemony me fecit 1674."* 
 
 This bell was made in Holland and was the first 
 of the kind used in this city. Its silver tones had struck 
 with admiration even the ears of the native Indians. 
 
 1693 III. The First Garden Street Church. 
 
 (After the erection of the church in Nassau 
 Street (IV) this church took the name of "Old 
 Church" and that in Nassau Street was desig- 
 nated as the "New Church" and when the 
 "North Church (V) zvas erected, the "Garden 
 Street Church" took the name of the "South 
 Church.") 
 
 *"Thc air resounds sweeter from our ringing. P. Hemony made me.' 
 
 65 
 
The building in the fort being required for use by 
 the English garrison the Dutch people determined to 
 erect another. This was built in Garden Street, now 
 Exchange Place. The land on which the edifice was 
 erected was adjacent to the orchard and flower garden 
 of the widow of Domine Drisius. The structure was 
 an oblong square with three sides of an octagon on the 
 east side. Its windows consisted of small panes of 
 glass set in lead, most of them having the coats-of- 
 arms of those who had been elders and magistrates, 
 curiously burnt on the glass by Gerard Duyckinck. In 
 front was a brick steeple on a square foundation, large 
 enough to permit a room over the entrance for the 
 meetings of the Consistory. The bell, pulpit and fur- 
 niture of the Stone Church in the Fort (II) were 
 transferred to this church. For plate, the people con- 
 tributed silverware and money, which was sent over 
 to the silver workers of Amsterdam, who hammered 
 out for them a communion set and a large baptismal 
 basin. 
 
 The first church organ used in New York sounded 
 its notes within these walls, for in 1720 Governor 
 Burnet brought one over and presented it to the Con- 
 sistory. 
 
 It is a memorable fact that the Rev. William 
 Yesey, the first Rector of Trinity Church, was in- 
 ducted into that office in this building, Trinity Church 
 not being yet completed. At the request of the Eng- 
 lish Governor two Ministers from the Dutch Church 
 assisted in the service. 
 
 This Church continued in active use until 1766, 
 when it was enlarged and repaired. A generation later, 
 in 1807, having stood a hundred and fourteen years, 
 it was taken down and a more commodious edifice 
 erected on its site (VI). 
 
 66 
 
1729 IV. The Old Middle Church. 
 
 (This church was first designated as the "New 
 Church" and after the erection of the "North 
 Church" (V) it took the name of the "Middle 
 Church'' and the churches were then designated 
 as follows: 
 
 The "First Garden Street Church" (HI) as the 
 "South Church" and the church in Nassau Street 
 (IV) as the "Middle Church'' and the church in 
 William Street (V) as the North Church") 
 
 Of the Collegiate Churches, the "Middle Church" 
 plays the most important part in history. This was 
 erected in Nassau Street, between Cedar and Liberty 
 Streets. It was 100 feet by 70 feet within the walls. 
 It was built without a gallery, the ceiling being entirely 
 arched unsupported by pillars, until 1764, when altera- 
 tions were made, in view of the larger attendance 
 from the introduction of services in the English 
 tongue. The spacious edifice possessed admirable 
 acoustic qualities and was kept in use until the year 
 1844. It had a tower at the north end in which was 
 hung the famous bell referred to in this monograph 
 (IV, New York's Liberty Bell). The spire as usual 
 was surmounted by a weathercock. Here it was that 
 preaching in the English language was first introduced 
 in the Dutch Church. During the Colonial days the 
 services were conducted in the language of the 
 Netherlands; but in April. 1764, a change was made 
 in response to the request of a large number of those 
 who worshipped in this church. The first sermon in 
 English was preached by the Rev. Dr. Laidlie, a grad- 
 uate of the University of Edinburgh, who had just 
 been installed as one of the Collegiate Ministers. 
 
 On September 16th, 1776, as a result of the Bat- 
 tle of Long Island, the British took possession of the 
 67 
 
city. One of their first acts was to seize the churches, 
 despoil them of their furniture and turn them into 
 hospitals, riding schools, barracks or prisons. This 
 was due to the loyalty of the Dutch to the Continental 
 cause. The entire interior of the Middle Church was 
 destroyed, leaving only the bare walls and the roof. 
 It was then used as a prison and afterward as a rid- 
 ing school by the British dragoons. After the Revolu- 
 tion it was restored and refurnished and services were 
 resumed. (July 4th, 1790.) 
 
 On the corner of Nassau and Cedar Streets, a 
 bronze tablet marks this historic spot. It is thus in- 
 scribed : 
 
 "Here Stood the Middle Dutch Church 
 
 Erected 1729 
 Made a British Military Prison 1776 
 Occupied by U. S. P. O. 1845-75 
 Taken Down 1882." 
 
 This edifice as well as the other churches had pews 
 appointed for the use of the Governor, Magistrates, 
 etc., and the City and State arms formerly embellished 
 its walls. It was leased to the general government for 
 secular purposes in 1844 and in 1861 they received a 
 conveyance of the fee. The building was used as a 
 post office until 1875 and in 1882 was sold to the 
 Mutual Life Insurance Company, who took it down 
 entirely to make way for another structure. 
 
 1769 V. The North Church. 
 
 The growth of the congregation demanded a new 
 building, which was erected on what was called Horse 
 and Cart Lane, now William Street. It had the same 
 dimensions as its predecessor in Nassau Street. This 
 church was the first one erected exclusively for Eng- 
 68 
 
lish service. While it stood it was, therefore, a 
 memorial of the great transition which the community 
 made from the tongue of Grotius and William the 
 Silent, to that of Milton and Hooker, and the metallic 
 plate mentioned below, which is now in possession of 
 Mr. William Leverich B rower, has the same sig- 
 nificance. The church was a large edifice in the 
 Roman style of architecture. The ten Corinthian pil- 
 lars which supported the ceiling were noticeable; at 
 the top of each of them were carved and gilded the 
 initials of the generous contributors to the erection of 
 the church. In this church were two large square 
 pews surmounted by a canopy, one at the right of the 
 pulpit for the Governor and the other on the left side 
 for the Mayor and Aldermen. The great bell, which 
 for many years summoned the people to service, now 
 ornaments the church on Fifth Avenue and Twenty- 
 ninth Street. 
 
 During the Revolution, the British took posses- 
 sion of this church also ; removed its furniture and 
 turned it into a hospital and prison. It is believed that 
 during the war the pulpit was taken to England, for 
 there is in a parish church there one which was brought 
 from America and strongly resembles that which once 
 stood in the "Old North Church." After the English 
 evacuated the city the church was restored and re- 
 opened for worship, and was not again closed until 
 1875, when the ground was leased for business pur- 
 poses and the church edifice was removed. 
 
 During its removal an interesting relic, a facsimile 
 of which is given below, was brought to light. 
 
 Under the pillar which supported the gallery, and 
 nearest the pulpit, was found a metallic plate, twelve 
 inches square. Upon this was stamped, letter by letter, 
 a brief history of the church and the projectors, con- 
 69 
 
eluded with two verses which were taken from the 
 fifth stanza of Watt's version, in common meter, of 
 Psalm CXXII. 
 
 Mr. Garret Abeel, who prepared the plate, was 
 one of the Deacons and a member of the committee 
 appointed to erect the building. 
 
 THIS CHURCH WAS EV1LTBY THE CONGREGATION 
 OF THE KEFORMEDTRQTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH IN* 
 THE CITY OF NEW YlDRK FOREN GLISH SerUICE UNDER THE 
 
 inspection ofa 60mmitte of 
 Elders deacons 
 fetermarschale isaac b.ose uelt 
 
 PETER XOTT ADRIAN JBANCKEH 
 
 SoflN S BOGERT AN DREW 'feARS CHALK 
 
 THEODORUSYaW WCTK GARRET ABEEX 
 
 ANDREW B REE S TED tu* CARPENTER AND fuDTECTOIt 
 
 Iohn stagg Raster Season and 'Alex Sates 
 The first Stone was iAip Iuly2 1 jo J XX 
 
 M R fACOBUS RoSEUELT ££N ELDER 
 THE WALLS BUILT TO RECEIUE THE ROOF IUNE \J //08 
 THESE PILLARSREARED IUNE 2j \y6$ 
 
 The .first English Sinister for the Dutch 
 Congregation the belt 33 Archibald ^aidlie Yj6^t 
 teace be withen 4 this sacred place 
 And holy giftS and he atien lt Grace 
 Tobias "van Zand <r cle a£ cjbzel fzcit 
 
 US07 VI. The Second Garden Street Church. 
 
 The first Garden Street Church edifice (III), 
 having been removed, was replaced by a second edifice 
 in 1807. This was 66 feet long and 50 feet wide with 
 a circular end. It continued only a short time under 
 the Collegiate Consistory, being set apart as an inde- 
 pendent organization in 1812. It was burned to the 
 ground in the disastrous fire of December, 1835. 
 70 
 
This fire also destroyed the stone tablet and the 
 bell mentioned in connection with the Stone Church in 
 the Fort (II) and the First Garden Street Church 
 (III), both of which objects had been preserved in 
 this edifice, having been taken from the former edifice 
 on this site. 
 
 The following description from an eye witness of 
 the burning of the Garden Street Church in 1835 will 
 be found interesting. The description is that of Mr. 
 Samuel Swartwout, who was Collector of the Port of 
 New York in 1835: 
 
 'The fire was very appalling. God knows it was a ter- 
 rible night. I saw the Old Garden Street Church on fire, I 
 saw the steeple tottering and staggering and reeling like a 
 mighty giant struggling in its last extremity. I heard the 
 old Church bell toll its requiem — that bell which had so con- 
 stantly invited under the consecrated roof beneath it, the old 
 and the young, the prosperous and the broken-hearted, the 
 powerful and the friendless to commune with that Beneficent 
 Power in whose sight all are equal — that same old bell which 
 had seen generations come and pass away, which so often 
 had merrily toiled its peals on the marriage day and for so 
 long a time had murmured its solemn dirges over the de- 
 parted dead. I stood and looked at the yielding steeple. Its 
 last hour had come, and as it swayed and rocked and fell, I 
 heard its last knell strike, saw it disappear forever, with the 
 Church whose constant companion it had been for so many 
 eventful years." 
 
 1839 VII. Tin-: Middle Church, Lafayette Place and 
 Fourth Street. 
 
 (When this church was erected it Was usually 
 designated as the "Lafayette Place Church" or 
 the "Fourth Street Church" until lS^ j. when the 
 church at Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street 
 was opened for worship (VIII). The churches 
 at thai time were the "Xorth Church" at Fulton 
 and William Streets (V), this church at La- 
 71 
 
fayette Place and Fourth Street, and the one 
 just alluded to at Fifth Avenue and Twenty- 
 ninth Street. Consequently, this church began 
 to be known as the "Middle Church." 
 
 The edifice 70 feet by 120 feet was built of 
 granite and adorned with twelve Ionic columns, each 
 a monolith. * The building resembled the Temple of 
 Erectheus at Athens. A steeple terminating in a lofty 
 and well proportioned spire was erected at first on the 
 building. This was at a later date removed. The 
 interior was very effective. Its beautiful pulpit of 
 statuary marble, white, chaste and simple was famous. 
 It was always regarded as a fair outward expression 
 of the purity of life and doctrine which they who used 
 it were expected to set forth. It now graces the "New 
 Middle Church" at Second Avenue and Seventh Street 
 (XIV). In the year 1887, the edifice was taken down, 
 the last service being held on the 27th of February 
 in that year. 
 
 1854 VIII. The Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth 
 Street Church, later known as the 
 Marble Church. 
 
 (For a time this church was known as "The Fifth 
 Avenue Church" or, as it was more often termed, 
 "The Twenty-ninth Street Church." In 1906 the 
 Consistory officially designated this church to be 
 known as the "Marble Collegiate Church") 
 
 This edifice was opened for public worship in 
 October, 1854. It is bulit of Hastings marble, in the 
 Romanesque style of architecture. It has a massive 
 
 * An interesting account of these monoliths is recalled hy the editor of this 
 monograph, having been furnished to him in his younger days by his father, who was 
 long a member of the Consistory of the Church. They were hewn of Quincy granite, 
 brought to New York on floats through Long Island Sound and the East River and 
 each one was conveyed to the place of erection by the use of twenty teams of horses. 
 It is further recorded that one of the monoliths was, through accident, sunk in the 
 Last River. 
 
 72 
 
clock and bell tower, terminating in a spire two hun- 
 dred and fifteen feet from the ground, which is sur- 
 mounted by a weathercock (six feet six inches high), 
 after the custom of the earlier churches. The interior 
 has several times undergone thorough repairs and 
 redecorating. 
 
 In 1878 a most interesting service took place in 
 this building on the occasion of the celebration of the 
 Quarter-millennial Anniversary of the Collegiate 
 Church, when the clergy from the Episcopal, Meth- 
 odist, Baptist, Presbyterian and Congregational 
 Churches brought gatherings and congratulations. 
 
 In the court-yard stands the bell cast in Amster- 
 dam in 1795 for the old "North Church" on Fulton 
 Street. 
 
 1861 IX. The DeWitt Chapel, 160 West Twenty-ninth 
 Street. 
 
 In the year 1861 a substantial edifice was erected 
 at 160 West Twenty-ninth Street, which served the 
 use of the Day School of the Church and afforded 
 convenient rooms for the Mission Sunday School 
 which had for some years been sustained in that 
 neighborhood, and also contained a spacious chapel 
 for preaching services. 
 
 The congregation worshiping here was consoli- 
 dated in 1895 with the congregation of the church in 
 Thirty-fourth Street, west of Eighth Avenue, there- 
 after worshiping in the Thirty-fourth Street building, 
 which was then designated as the "Thirty-fourth 
 Street Reformed Church." The property at 160 West 
 Twenty-ninth Street was sold by the Consistory in 
 1897. 
 
 73 
 
1865 X. The Knox Memorial Chapel. 
 
 This organization had its beginning in a Sunday 
 School which was organized on May 15th, 1858, and 
 was named in memory of the Rev. Dr. John Knox, 
 Senior Minister of the Collegiate Church, who died 
 in 1858. It was removed to various locations until 
 1866, when a house was built by the Consistory on 
 Ninth Avenue above Thirty-eighth Street for the 
 Knox Memorial Mission School. This served an 
 excellent purpose for a while, but then proving to be 
 too small was removed in 1868 to a new building also 
 erected by the Consistory at 514 Ninth Avenue, and 
 that building was first used for worship in 1869. It 
 remained at this location until 1898, when a new build- 
 ing was erected at 405-409 West 41st Street for its 
 accommodation. 
 
 1869 XI. The Seventh Avenue Chapel, Seventh Ave- 
 nue and Fifty-fourth Street. 
 
 In 1869 lots were acquired on Seventh Avenue 
 and Fifty-fourth Street, upon which a commodious 
 edifice was built which was used until 1880, when it 
 was enlarged and remodelled. In 1885 the congrega- 
 tion was organized into an independent body known 
 as Grace Reformed Church. 
 
 1869 XII. The North Church Chapel. 
 
 In 1869 the old Consistory building at the west 
 end of the "North Church" was taken down. Upon 
 its site a large structure was erected which was so 
 arranged that while the front and rear were devoted 
 to secular purposes, a fine chapel in the interior was 
 secured on the second floor. On this site the well 
 known Fulton Street Prayer Meeting had its birth and 
 has here since been continued. 
 
 74 
 
1872 XIII. The Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth 
 Street Church. 
 
 {For a generation this church was known as the 
 "Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street Church" 
 or, as it was sometimes called, the "Forty-eighth 
 Street Church." In 1906 the Consistory officially 
 designated this church to be known as "The Col- 
 legiate Church of St. Nicholas'') 
 
 The ground on which this edifice is erected was 
 purchased from Columbia College, 1857. Upon the 
 rear of the lot a convenient edifice was erected and 
 was opened for worship on Christmas day, 1866. In 
 July, 1869, the cornerstone of the church was laid, 
 but many hindrances retarded the work and it was 
 not dedicated until November, 1872. The dimensions 
 are 70 feet by 100 feet. The style is the decorated 
 Gothic of the 14th Century. Its buttress projections 
 offer a fine play of light and shade and the stone carv- 
 ing is rich, chaste and simple. The material is of 
 Newark sandstone. The rose window in front is 20 
 feet in width and 33 feet in height. The stone carving 
 is worthy of admiration, being in complete harmony 
 in design, which is chaste and simple in character, the 
 representations being of various plants, both natural 
 and conventionalized. The late Dean Stanley of the 
 Church of England when visiting this country exam- 
 ined this church and pronounced it the finest piece of 
 parish architecture which he had seen in this country. 
 
 1892 XIV. The Middle Church, Second Avenue and 
 Seventh Street. 
 
 {In 1906 the Consistory officially designated this 
 church to be known as "The Middle Collegiate 
 Church.") 
 
 When the Middle Church at Lafayette Place and 
 Fourth Street (VII) was taken down in 1887, the 
 Consistory provided for the work of that congregation 
 75 
 
by leasing a house at 14 Lafayette Place, which was 
 fitted up for church purposes. The Congregation re- 
 mained here until the Consistory determined to build 
 a church and parish house on the east side. The cor- 
 nerstone of this structure was laid on Whitsun Day, 
 May 17th, 1891, and the edifice was opened for public 
 worship on June 26th, 1892. In the afternoon of that 
 day it was formally set apart to the service of the 
 Triune God according to the office set forth in the 
 Liturgy. The interior of the church is strikingly 
 pleasing in its proportions and finish in which the deli- 
 cate lines of Gothic workmanship prevail. A unique 
 feature of the church architecture, it is well to note, 
 are the eight beautiful memorial windows which re- 
 ceive their only light by means of electricity, this 
 being at that time the largest attempt of its kind 
 which had been made. The quaint coat-of-arms of 
 John Harpendinck is preserved in this church, which 
 object is now over 151 years old. The parish house 
 connected with this church is very commodious and 
 complete, it being the first instance of the kind where 
 the Consistory has erected a parish house in conjunc- 
 tion with the church. 
 
 1892 XV. The West End Church, West End Avenue 
 and 77th Street. 
 
 (In 1906 the Consistory officially designated this 
 church to be known as the "West End Collegiate 
 Church:') 
 
 This church was dedicated to the worship of the 
 Almighty God on the afternoon of Sunday, November 
 20th, 1892. The style of architecture is Dutch, 
 modelled upon the old buildings of Haarlem and 
 Amsterdam. This style has the picturesque qualities 
 of the Gothic with more originality, and is historically 
 76 
 
very appropriate. The materials are long thin brick of 
 a Roman pattern and brown in color, trimmed freely 
 with quoins and blockings, etc., of buff terra cotta. 
 Some very picturesque panels carved with the coats- 
 of-arms of the church and of past benefactors are also 
 in terra cotta. The pulpit is of large size and of octa- 
 gon shape. Its handsome base is of carved oak, the 
 panels showing the coat-of-arms of the Reformed 
 Church and the seal of the church. The carved oak 
 pulpit chairs are rich examples of the old Dutch style. 
 
 1898 XVI. The New Knox Memorial Chapel, 405-409 
 West Forty-first Street. 
 
 The cornerstone of this edifice was laid November 
 28th, 1897 (Advent) and was opened for public wor- 
 ship on October 30th, 1898. This edifice, erected by 
 the Consistory for the accommodation of its work, 
 which has had an unbroken and prosperous existence 
 since 1858, is beautiful and complete. 
 
 1909 XVII. The Fort Washington Church, One Hun- 
 dred and Eighty-first Street and Fort 
 Washington Avenue. 
 
 This edifice was publicly dedicated on Sunday 
 afternoon, March 28th, 1909, the first service of public 
 worship having been held on Sunday, February 28th, 
 1909. This church was a development of the enter- 
 prise which was started by the "West End Church" 
 February 10th, 1907. During the spring of 1913, the 
 erection of a church house by the Consistory was com- 
 pleted. In 1924, the Consistory greatly improved the 
 building and grounds of this church, so that it is in 
 keeping with the importance and dignity which has 
 always been maintained by the Collegiate Church in 
 this city, and serves to furnish a kindly welcome to 
 the surrounding neighborhood. 
 
 77 
 
The following buildings were erected by independent con- 
 gregations, and title thereto subsequently acquired by the Col- 
 legiate Church : 
 
 The Ninth Street Church, 1836. 
 
 This building stood on the ground now covered by the large 
 establishment of the successors to A. T. Stewart & Company and 
 had been put up a short time previously by an independent or- 
 ganization of our denomination. Here an intelligent and active 
 congregation was gathered and the Collegiate Ministers regularly 
 officiated until the year 1855, when the building was relinquished 
 as being no longer required. 
 
 The Thirty-fourth Street Reformed Church, 1860. 
 
 In the year 1895 the congregation of the church worshiping 
 on this site in Thirty-fourth Street, west of Eighth Avenue, hav- 
 ing conveyed their real estate to the Collegiate Church Corpora- 
 tion, it was determined by the Consistory to consolidate the con- 
 gregation worshiping in DeWitt Chapel (IX) with that of this 
 church. This arrangement having been perfected, the church was 
 thereafter officially designated by the Consistory to be known as 
 the "Thirty-fourth Street Reformed Church." The work was 
 continued under the care of the Consistory until January 1st, 
 1920, when, owing to the change in character of the neighborhood, 
 the Consistory deemed it no longer advisable to maintain a sep- 
 arate congregation there and the property was therefore sold, 
 but arrangements were happily made whereby the congregation 
 was cared for with the other congregations of the Collegiate 
 Churches. 
 
 The Bethany Memorial Church, First Avenue and Sixty-sev- 
 enth Street, 1917. 
 
 This property was acquired by the Consistory after an agree- 
 ment had been entered into between the Consistory of the Madison 
 
 78 
 
Avenue Reformed Church, to which the property belonged, and 
 the Consistory of the Collegiate Church. The responsibility for 
 the future administration of the work there carried on being 
 assumed by the Collegiate Church under certain terms and con- 
 ditions. While still continuing as an ecclesiastical entity, being 
 an independent church duly constituted, a measure of control is 
 exercised by the Consistory of the Collegiate Church. 
 
 79 
 
VII. 
 
 £afafogue of (pvinte ano (photographs 
 of (D^ (TUt» #or8 
 
 AND OF 
 
 OTHER HISTORICAL PLACES AND PERSONS 
 INSTALLED IN 
 
 £0e C#urc# ^ou6e 
 
 50 Seventh Street, New York City 
 [The Collection of William Leverich Browcr] 
 
 This collection comprises one hundred and thirty prints and 
 photographs of persons and places chiefly identified with the 
 earlier history of the City and Nation. The collection, in the 
 opinion of one of the prominent print dealers of this City, is one 
 of the most extensive in the City and is noted for its general 
 arrangement and classification and for lucid description in the 
 catalogue of the several objects. 
 
 This collection will be opened to the public during the Ter- 
 centenary Celebration and will be in charge of a competent person 
 who will pay every attention to visitors. 
 
 Due notice of the dates will be given later. 
 
 81 
 
VII. 
 
 & Cafafogue of (print ctnb (p^ofogra^e 
 of £>fb Qtetv TJorft 
 
 AND OF 
 
 OTHER HISTORICAL PLACES AND PERSONS 
 INSTALLED IN 
 
 ۤt Cfyuxcfy JE)ou5e 
 
 50 Seventh Street, New York City 
 [The Collection of William Leverich Brower] 
 
 1. Corridor New York in 1660. 
 
 3rd Floor. View looking up Broad St. to Wall. 
 
 2. Corridor St. Paul's Chapel (Trinity Parish) and the Broadway 
 3rd Floor. Stages in 1831. 
 
 Fulton ami Vesey Streets, looking west at St. Pauls. 
 Rare original. 
 
 3. Corridor Metropolitan Hotel, 1850. 
 
 3rd Floor. Broadway and Prince Street. 
 
 Niblo's Garden connected with this hotel. 
 Rare. 
 
 4. Corridor St. John's Chapel (Trinity Parish) Varick Street. 
 3rd Floor. view about 1830 - 
 
 5. Corridor The Battery in 1830. 
 
 3rd Floor. From drawing by C. Burton. 
 
 6. Corridor City Hotel, Trinity and Grace Churches. 
 
 Floor. Southwest Corner Broadway and Cedar Street. 
 
 View from Cedar Street to Wall Street. 
 Rare. 
 
 83 
 
7. Corridor Astor House, Broadway between Vesey and Barclay Sts. 
 3rd Floor. View about 1840. 
 
 8. Corridor Wall Street from corner Broad Street, lookin: 
 3rd Floor in 1845. 
 
 cast- 
 
 T. A. Rolph- 
 Rare. 
 
 -del. 
 
 9. Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 View of New York in 1790. 
 
 Presented to D. T. Valentine, Clerk of the Common Council, 
 N. Y., by E. Crommelin. 
 Rare. 
 
 10. Corridor South Prospect of Ye Flourishing City of New York 
 3rd Floor. in the Province of New York, North America — 
 
 1746-1848. 
 
 11. Corridor View of the City of New York in 1792. 
 
 3rd Floor. Drawn by an officer of the French Fleet driven into New 
 
 York Harbor by a British Fleet— 1850. 
 Rare. 
 
 12. Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Castle Garden- 
 Rare. 
 
 1852. 
 
 13. Corridor Ceremonies of dedication of the Worth Monument, 
 3rd Floor. Madison Square, November 25th, 1857. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 14. Corridor View of the ruins of the South Dutch Church in the 
 3rd Floor. Great Conflagration of December 16-17, 1835. 
 
 Garden Street now Exchange Place. 
 
 Calyo — Printex. Copperplate. Wm. Bennett, Engraver. 
 Original — Rare. 
 
 15. Corridor City Hall and Ver Planck Mansion in 1789. 
 
 3rd Floor. Washington inaugurated President of the United 
 
 States from balcony of City Hall— 1789. 
 Present site of Sub-Treasury, Wall and Nassau Sts. 
 
 84 
 
16. Corridor Rare old painting of the New York Hospital— 1818. 
 3rd Floor. Then located on the west side of Broadway from 
 
 Worth to Duane Streets, extending to Church Street 
 on the west. 
 
 Painted by C. C. Milbourne, aged 65 years. 
 
 17. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 Scene on Broadway in 1857 — Broadway and Prince St. 
 
 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 H. Sebron, Painter. Knoedler, Pub. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 18. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 St. Memin's View of New York from Brooklyn Heights 
 
 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 1789. 
 
 
 
 Published 1861. 
 
 19. Corridor The Stadthuys, New York. 
 
 3rd Floor. Situate corner Pearl Street and Coenties Slip. 
 
 Published 1850. 
 Rare. 
 
 20. Corridor The Government House. 
 
 3rd Floor. This edifice erected in 1790, foot of Broadway facing the 
 
 Bowling Green. From an original drawing in possession ot 
 
 
 N. Campbell, 
 
 Esq., 
 
 New York. 
 
 Published 1847. 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 
 
 
 21. Corridor 
 
 View of New 
 
 York 
 
 in 1673, 
 
 with description of build- 
 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 ings, etc.— 
 
 Pub. 
 
 1843. 
 
 
 
 The third known 
 
 view of N 
 
 ew York. From the Carolu* 
 
 
 Allard Map, 
 
 1673. 
 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 
 
 
 Fort Amsterdam (New York City). 
 
 View from Weehawk (Weehawken), 1635-1651. 
 
 By Joost Ilartgcs. an officer in the Dutch Navy. 
 The first known view of Xew York. 
 
 23. Corridor New York in 1671 — From Montanus History 1670, 
 3rd Floor. Ogilvy History 1669. 
 
 Copied from an inset on the Nicholas J. VisSCher M lp 1 t 
 about 1655 — pictures the town about 1640. 
 
 This view is supposed to be derived from a sketch by 
 
 Augustine Ileerman. 
 
 The second known view of Xew York. 
 
 85 
 
 22. Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
24. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 New York in 1673. 
 
 First appearance on the Carolus Allard Map from a sketch 
 hy Romeyn de Hooghe — not later than 1670. 
 The third known view of New York. 
 
 25. 
 
 Corridor 
 grd Floor. 
 
 New York in 1733. 
 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Cit3' of New York during the Revolutionary War. 
 
 27. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 New York in 1801. 
 
 28. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Portrait of Washington Irving. 
 
 By G. A. Leshe, R.A. Published 1830. 
 Steel Plate. 
 
 29. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Old Dutch Church. 
 
 "Sleepy Hollow", Tarrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
 
 Bierstadt. 
 
 (Washington Irving's "Legend of Sleepy Hollow") 
 
 30. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 St. Paul's Chapel (Trinity Parish), Broadway and 
 Vesey Street. 
 
 The old and the new: The Astor House in process 
 of demolition; the Woolworth Building, Park Place 
 and Broadway. 
 Henry L. Bogert. 
 
 31. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 View of New York from the Steeple of St. Paul's Chapel 
 (Trinity Parish), Broadway and Vesey Street, look- 
 
 ing east, south and west. 
 Drawn by J. VV. Hill. Published 1855. 
 Rare. 
 
 32. Corridor New York from the Hudson River. 
 3rd Fluor. 
 
 86 
 
33. Corridor Residence of Jacob Leisler, on the Strand, now White- 
 3rd Floor. hall Street. 
 
 The first brick dwelling erected in New York. 
 
 34. Corridor Map of New Netherlands, 1656— By Adrian Van der 
 3rd Floor. Donk. 
 
 Map of New York, 1695— By the Rev. John Miller, 
 (Episcopal) Chaplain to the troops in the Fort. 
 The Bradford Map of New York, 1728. 
 Pub. by M. Dripps, 1872. 
 
 35. Corridor Seal of New Netherland, 1623 to 1664. 
 
 3rd Floor. Great Seal of the Province of New York, 1674-1687. 
 
 From O'Callaghan's Documentary History of New York, 
 Vol. IV. 
 
 36. Corridor The Bradford Map, New York in 1728. 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 37. Corridor Map of the Original Grants of the Dutch West India 
 3rd Floor. Co. South of Wall Street, with farm lines and dates 
 
 of ownership. 
 
 Plotted by D. T. Valentine— H. D. Tyler, 1897. 
 
 38. Corridor Early Rare Dutch Map of New Netherland, 1621. 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Brought over from Holland in 1841 by E. B. O'Callagban, 
 State Historian. 
 
 39. Corridor Grace Episcopal Church, Broadway and 10th St., N. V. 
 
 3rd Floor. Etching by Henry R. Blaney, 1890. 
 
 Kxtremelv artistic. 
 
 40. Corridor Knox Memorial Chapel of the Collegiate Reformed 
 3rd Floor. Church, 405-409 West 41st Street, New York City. 
 
 41. CORRIDOR Fulton's Clermont— "The First Steamboat" sailing up 
 3rd Floor. the Hudson River from New York to Albany in 
 
 1807. 
 
 87 
 
42. Corridor Howard Hotel, New York — Broadway and Maiden 
 3rd Floor. Lane, New York, 1836. 
 
 43. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 The Chorister Boys. 
 
 Published by C. Klaekner in 1886. 
 
 44. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 v *>rt* i iuur* 
 
 The Dewey Celebration — Fifth Avenue Hotel and 
 
 45. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Irving House Waltz — View of New York, 1659. 
 
 Published 1849. 
 
 46. 
 
 Corridor 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 Schmidt Vly Market, foot of Maiden Lane. 
 
 From Valentine's Manual. 
 
 47. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Signers of The Declaration of Independence, with fac- 
 similes of the signatures to the Declaration, July 
 4th, 1776. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 48. 
 
 Corridor 
 snd Floor. 
 
 Fathers of the Reformation. 
 
 Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon, John Calvin, 
 U. Zwingli and John Huss. 
 
 49. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 First Blow for Liberty— Battle of Lexington, Mass. 
 To the memory of the Patriots of 1775. 
 Published 1854. 
 
 50. 
 
 CtRRIDOR 
 
 snd Floor. 
 
 Reception President Washington, Walton House, Frank- 
 lin Square, New York, 1789. 
 
 51. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Capitol at Washington. 
 
 liierstadt. 
 
 52. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Declaration of Independence, July, 1776. 
 
 Trumbull. 
 
53. Corridor History of the Old Stuyvesant Mansion. 
 
 4th Floor. New Vork .Mirror, 1831— By S. Wood worth. 
 
 54. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Vipw n f flip Arlmimltv Offlrp T^i-iob-i-i r-A nifl Qtnro. 
 
 V 1CW Ul IMC .TvUllIlI cilly WlllCC, UUCK) til U dllu OlUlC" 
 
 houses of the Dutch West India Co. at Amsterdam. 
 
 Published 1745. Engraved on Copper. 
 Rare. 
 
 55. 
 
 Corridor 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Rutgers College in New Brunswick, N. J. 
 
 Taken from the roof of Stall's Hotel, Van Nest Hall, 
 
 President's House. 
 
 Lith. Sarony & Major, 1849. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 56. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 qlll 1 loor. 
 
 Map of the Stuyvesant "Bowery Farm", J. B. Holmes, 
 
 18^0 
 looy. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 
 CORRIDOR 
 
 4th Floor. 
 
 ivi ap oi tiic otuyvcScint rctersiieiQ rurin , j. o. riomics, 
 1869. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 58. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 Peter Stuyvesant as Admiral of the Dutch Navy. 
 
 After painting by Van Dyke. Published 1840. 
 Rare. 
 
 59. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 Oaths of Allegiance to King William III, Boston, May 
 27th, 1702. 
 
 60. 
 
 Corridor 
 4 tli Floor. 
 
 Association for protecting the interests of King William 
 ITT. 
 
 61. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 Appeal for enlistment for Washington's Army, 1775. 
 Published 1850. 
 
 62. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 General Washington with General Knox and troops 
 passing down the Bowery at what is now the junc- 
 
 tion of the Bowery and Third Avenue, on the evacu- 
 tion of the British Army, Novemher, 25th, 178.V 
 Published 1860. 
 Rare. 
 
 89 
 
 I 
 
63. Corridor Notice to the citizens of the foregoing (62). 
 4th Floor. 
 
 64. Corridor Washington arriving at the Battery, N. Y., for inaug- 
 4th Floor. uration as first President of the U. S., 1789. 
 
 Published 1888. 
 
 65. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 Washington and family. 
 
 After Savage's famous painting. Published 1850. 
 Rare. 
 
 66. 
 
 Corridor 
 4th Floor. 
 
 N. Y. Daily Advertiser, 1791. Published by F. Child 
 & Co. Begun in 1785. First daily paper published 
 New York City. (Original.) W r ith proclamation 
 by Washington. 
 Rare. 
 
 67. 
 
 Stairway 
 3rd to 4th 
 Floor. 
 
 Zouaves embarking for the Civil War, foot of Canal 
 Street. 
 
 Published 1861. 
 Scarce. 
 
 68. 
 
 Stairway 
 3rd to 4th 
 Floor. 
 
 View of New York City. 
 Published 1840. 
 Endicott. 
 Rare. 
 
 69. 
 
 Stairway 
 3rd to 4th 
 Floor. 
 
 The Old Bowery Theatre. 
 
 Copperplate from N. Y. Mirror. 1828. 
 Rare. 
 
 70. 
 
 Stairway 
 3rd to 4th 
 Floor. 
 
 Jenny Lind in costume as she apearcd in Paris in opera 
 before coming to America. 
 Published 1849. 
 Rare. 
 
 71. 
 
 Stairway 
 3rd to 4th 
 Floor. 
 
 Jenny Lind as she appeared at Castle Garden at concert 
 under management of P. T. Barnum — 1853. 
 Published 1853. 
 Rare. 
 
 90 
 
72. Stairway Dinner of the St. Nicholas Society, New York City, 
 3rd to jtli Paas Festival, Easter -Monday, April 1, 1872. 
 
 Floor. Reprinted from the Leslie's Weekly, April 20, 1872. 
 
 73. Stairway Bowling Green, N. Y., with fountain, Washington 
 3rd to 4th House and old pump. 
 
 Floor. Magnus & Co., 1850. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 74. Corridor Washington Irving and his literary friends of Sunny- 
 3rd Floor. side. 
 
 Published 1855. 
 Scarce. 
 
 75. Corridor Home of Washington Irving, Sunnyside on the Hudson. 
 3rd Floor. Washington Irving in chair and his famous dog. 
 
 Currier & Ives. 1860. 
 Rare. 
 
 76. Corridor View of New York City, 1673. 
 
 3rd Floor. Facsimile from Otten's Map. Amsterdam, 1673. 
 
 77. Corridor New York by Gaslight. 1852. Broadway and Prince 
 3rd Floor. Street. Handcolored. 
 
 Published 1852. 
 Rare. 
 
 78. Social Crayon Sketch, done in Amsterdam, of William I, 
 
 Room Prince of Orange. 
 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 79. Social Crayon Sketch, done in Amsterdam, of Wilhelmina, 
 
 Room Queen of The Netherlands and her Colonies, at the 
 
 3rd Floor. age of eleven years, clad in mourning garments, 
 
 after the death of the King, her father, 1891. 
 
 80. Social Photograph of Wilhelmina, Queen of The Netherlands 
 
 Room and her Colonies, in the year of her marriage, 1901. 
 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 01 
 
81. Social Photograph of Wilhelmina, Queen of The Netherlands 
 
 Room and her Colonies, 1923, issued in commemoration of 
 
 3rd Floor. the twenty-fifth anniversary of her coronation. This 
 
 has her autograph affixed by her own hand at the 
 request of the Rev. Dr. Cobb who presented the 
 Consistory's address of felicitation. 
 
 82. Corridor Highly interesting letter from John Hancock, July 16th, 
 2nd Floor. 1776. (Reverse.) 
 
 83. Entrance Frame (37x28), Photograph of the Charter of the Col- 
 Hall. legiate Church granted A. D. 1696, by William III, 
 
 King of England, etc. (William and Mary). This 
 was the first ecclesiastical charter granted in the 
 Middle Colonies. 
 
 84. Entrance Tile Piece (37x32), Delft Tiles, mounted, showing 
 Hall. Middle Dutch Church, Nassau, Cedar and Liberty 
 
 Streets, erected 1729, altered 1764; desecrated by the 
 British during the War of the Revolution, 1776- 
 1783; re-dedicated July 4, 1790. Occupied by the 
 United States Government, 1844. Building re- 
 moved 1882. 
 
 85. 
 
 Entrance 
 
 West End Collegiate Church (in colors), West End 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Avenue and 77th Street. 1892. 
 
 86. 
 
 Entrance 
 
 The old Middle Dutch Church, Nassau, Cedar and 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Liberty Streets, New York. 1739. 
 
 87. 
 
 Entrance 
 
 Advertisement of Doremus, Suydams and Nixon, Dry 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Goods, 37 and 39 Nassau Street, corner of Liberty 
 
 Street. Showing the Middle Dutch Church, about 
 1840, Nassau, Cedar and Liberty Streets. 
 
 88. Entrance Curious Chart. Prepared about 1835 by Theodore R. 
 Hall. De Forest, M.D., a devoted member of the Collegiate 
 
 Church. 
 
 89. Entrance Frame (30x50), showing Photographs of Ten Churches 
 Hall. erected by the Consistory from 1642 to 1892. 
 
 92 
 
90. Entrance The Middle Collegiate Church, 7th Street and Second 
 Hall. Avenue, 1892. 
 
 91. Entrance Frame (22x26), Photograph of Mural Tablets erected 
 Hall. in the Middle Church, Second Avenue and Seventh 
 
 Street, in 1900, to perpetuate the memory of the 
 illustrious men who laid the foundation of both 
 Church and State in the metropolis of the Nation. 
 (Rev. Jonas Michaelius, First Minister; Peter 
 Minuit, Colonial Governor, Jan Huyck and Sebas- 
 tian Jansen Krol, Krankenbesoekers. These four 
 comprised the First Consistory.) 
 
 Photograph taken at Huguenot Park, Staten Island, 
 Sunday, May 18th, 1924, after the dedication of the 
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of the Hugue- 
 nots, The National Memorial of the Huguenot- 
 Walloon, New Netherland Tercentenary. 
 
 93. Entrance Program of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the 
 Hall. granting of the Charter to the Reformed Protestant 
 
 Dutch Church of the City of New York, May 11th. 
 1896. 
 
 94. Entrance Invitation of the Consistory of the Collegiate Church 
 Hall. to the celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniver- 
 
 sary of the granting of the Charter, May 11th, 1890. 
 
 95. Entrance Tile Piece (22x48), Delft Tiles, mounted, showing 
 
 Hall. New Amsterdam, A. D. 1656 (now New York). 
 
 the Stone Church in the Fort erected 1642. being 
 a prominent object. 
 
 96. Entrance North Dutch Church. William, Fulton and Ann Streets. 
 Hall. 1769-1875. 
 
 97. Entrance North Dutch Church, William. Fulton and Ann Streets. 
 Hall. portraying a fire which occurred in the belfry. 
 
 October 27th, 1869. 
 
 93 
 
 92. Entrance 
 Hall. 
 
98. Entrance Facsimile in Clay (27x20), of the Metallic Plate, which 
 Hall. constituted the cornerstone of the North Church, 
 
 William and Fulton Streets, 1769-1875. This edifice 
 was the first one erected for service in the English 
 language. The plate is a memorial of the great 
 transition the community made from the tongue of 
 Grotius and William the Silent to that of Milton 
 and Hooker. Original in possession of William L. 
 Brower. 
 
 99. Entrance History of the Metallic Plate which constituted the 
 Hall. cornerstone of the North Church, William, Fulton 
 
 and Ann Streets, 1769-1875. 
 
 100. Entrance Six New York City Churches from the New York 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Mirror. 
 
 101. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 Battle of Bunker Hill. 
 
 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 Trumbull, 1776. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 102. 
 
 Stairway 
 
 Landing of General Lafayette at Battery, Castle Gar- 
 
 
 3rd to 4th 
 
 den, August 16th, 1824. 
 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Maverick del. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 103. 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Christ Blessing the Children. (Matt. 19: 13-14). Cop- 
 
 
 School 
 
 perplate in colors from noted painting by Bernard 
 
 
 Room. 
 
 Plockhorst in National Gallery, Berlin. 
 
 
 
 Published in London in 1799. 
 
 
 
 Original. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 104. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Dec. 20th, 1620. 
 
 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 For the Plymouth Society at Plymouth, Massachu- 
 
 
 
 setts, 1840. Stipple, Eng. 
 
 
 
 Allerton and wife Miles Standish 
 
 
 
 Elder Brewster Samoset 
 
 
 
 F. Billington John Howland 
 
 
 
 VVm. White and child Wife of Standish 
 
 
 
 Richard Warren Stephen Hopkins', wife and child 
 
 
 
 John Turner Gov. Winslaw 
 
 
 
 Gov. Bradford F. Tilley 
 
 
 
 John Alden Dr. Fuller 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Gov. Carver and family Mrs*. Winslow 
 
 
 
 94 
 
105. Corridor A view of West Point on Hudson's River by Major 
 2nd Floor. L'Enfant, Engineer - 1780. 
 
 Published 1850. 
 Very rare. 
 
 106. Corridor Sketch of the action on the heights of Charlestown, 
 2nd Floor. June 17, 1775, between His Majesty's troops, under 
 the command of Major General Howe, and a large 
 body of American rebels. 
 Drawn by Henry De Bernier, 10th Reg. Inft. 
 Published 1813. 
 Very rare. 
 
 107. Stairway The Tontine Coffee House, Wall Street below Pearl 
 2nd to 3rd Street. 
 
 Floor. Published 1870. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 108. Stairway The Battery, New York, 1869. 
 2nd to 3rd 
 Floor. 
 
 109. Stairway A view of Broadway, New York, between Howard and 
 2nd to 3rd Grand Streets. 1840. 
 Floor. 
 
 110. Corridor Photograph West Point — Twentieth Century. 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 111. Corridor Pulling down the statue of George III. by the Sons of 
 2nd Floor. Freedom at the Bowling Green, City of New York. 
 July, 1776. 
 
 Painted by J. Ochtel. Eng. J. McRay. 
 
 1860. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 112. Stairway The Great Riot at the Astor Place Opera House. May 
 2nd to 3rd 10, 1849. By N. Currier. 
 
 Floor. 
 
 95 
 
113. Entrance Old Reformed Duteh Church formerly standing in 1776 
 Hall. at Fulton Street near Smith Street, Brooklyn. 
 
 Drawn by Miss Elizabeth Sleight in 1808. 
 
 114. 
 
 Entrance 
 
 The old Bushwick Church, Brooklyn, built in 1711. 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Drawn by Cornelia T. Meeker. 
 
 115. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 - 
 
 Fireman's Certificate dated December 30th, 1799, signed 
 
 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 by Robert Benson, showing at foot a tire in prog- 
 
 
 
 ress at what is now Church Street and Park Place. 
 
 
 
 Published 1850. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 116. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 George Washington. Engraved bv A. B. Durand from 
 
 
 4 th Floor. 
 
 the full length portrait by Colonel Trumbull, be- 
 
 
 
 loii°'in£»' to Yale Collrfp with antocranh 
 
 lKJ L 1 1 & iv J- ci i \_ Willi uui\/gici|yiii 
 
 
 
 Published in 1834. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 
 
 Martha Washington. From an original miniature by 
 
 
 
 Robinson in possession of G. W. Curtis, Esq., with 
 
 
 
 autograph. 
 
 
 
 Jrublisned m loJ4. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 
 
 (Copperplate.) 
 
 117. 
 
 Stairway 
 
 T"« « f -•— v • 1 i T * 1 • /~"a TT 11 XT XT 
 
 runeral of President Lincoln passing City Hall, N. Y., 
 
 
 2nd to 3rd 
 
 1865. 
 
 
 Floor. 
 
 -l UlsilollLil Vj xUaglJUS* 
 
 
 
 Original. 
 
 
 
 Rare. 
 
 118. 
 
 Corridor 
 
 Guttenberg Monument at Mayence, 1837. Inventor of 
 
 
 2nd Floor. 
 
 the art of printing — printer of the first Bible. 
 
 119. 
 
 Entrance 
 
 Photograph of Bronze Plate affixed to each of the 
 
 
 Hall. 
 
 Collegiate Churches. 
 
 120. 
 
 Stairway 
 
 Lafayette Theatre, Laurens Street near Canal Street, 
 
 
 2nd to 3rd 
 
 New York. 
 
 
 Floor. 
 
 Engraved by James Eddy, 1827. 
 
 
 
 Copperplate. Original. Rare. 
 
 
 
 96 
 
121. Corridor Map of New York City. 
 
 3rd Floor. T. G. Bradford— Published 1838. 
 Copperplate in colors. 
 Rare. 
 
 122. Corridor Mount Vernon, the Home of Washington. 
 
 4th Floor Published by G. & T. Bell, 1859. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 123. Stairway Bowling Green 1830. 
 
 3rd to 4th Terminal of Greenwich Stage. 
 
 Floor. Original. 
 
 Rare. 
 
 Copperplate. 
 
 124. Corridor Columbia College 1831, Church St. 
 3rd Floor. and Robinson Streets. 
 
 Pub. in London 1831. 
 Rare. 
 
 Steel plate. 
 
 ■Barclay, Murray 
 
 125. Corridor St. Nicholas Hotel from Gleason Pictorial — 1853. 
 3rd Floor. 
 
 126. Corridor Benjamin Franklin as Editor of Poor Richard's 
 2nd Floor. Almanac. 
 
 Copperplate London about 1850. 
 
 127. Corridor Capture of the Spy, Major John Andre, Adjutant Gen- 
 2nd Floor. eral of the British forces in America, by John 
 Paulding, David Williams and Isaac Van Wart at 
 Tarrytown, Westchester Co., Sept. 23. 1780, after 
 painting by Durand. Figures engraved by Alfred 
 Jones. Landscape Eng. by Smilie and Hinsheiwood. 
 Published 1850. 
 Rare. 
 
 97 
 
1-28. Corridor Origin of Steam Navigation. A view of Collect Pond 
 and its vicinity in the city of New York in 1793. 
 
 John Fitch's First Steamboat. 
 John Hutchings. 
 Published 1846. 
 Rare. 
 
 129. Corridor The First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, 
 2nd Floor. by President Lincoln before the Cabinet. 
 
 From the original painting by F. B. Carpenter, at the White 
 
 House, Washington, D. C. 
 
 1864. 
 
 130. Corridor The Prayer at Valley Forge — From the original paint- 
 4th Floor. ing by Henry Brueckner. 1866. 
 Eng. J. C. McRae. 
 
 131. Social Copy of an original painting by Albrecht Diirer now in 
 Room the Kraft Museum at Nuremburg. 
 
 3rd Floor. Presented to the Middle Church by Mrs. Edward B. Coe, 1926. 
 
 132. Corridor Landing at Jamestown, Va., 1607. 
 
 John G. Chapman, Printx. 
 2nd Floor. M. T. Danforth, Sculp. 
 
 Engraved for the Mirror in 1835. 
 Rare. 
 
 133. Corridor The Star-Spangled Banner. 
 
 2nd Floor. Fac-simile of the text in the handwriting of the author, 
 
 Francis Scott Key. 
 
 98 
 
VIII. 
 
 ££m6ote of (ft ©ufcfl (geforweb £0 
 
 99 
 
VIII. 
 
 ^gmBofe of ffle ©ufc$ (Reformed C§uxc?> 
 
 Coat-of-Arms of William of Orange 
 
 This is the coat-of-arms of William of Orange, and the first 
 quarter of the large shield bears the arms of Nassau. With its 
 added pillars and lights it constitutes the symbol of the Dutch 
 Reformed Church in this country. This first appeared on the 
 magazine of the Dutch Reformed Church, which was succeeded 
 by the Christian Intelligencer just about a hundred years ago. In 
 the year 1878 it was printed on the Christinas program of the 
 Middle Collegiate Church and in the next year this practice was 
 followed by a sister church, and from that time representations of 
 it have been found in many of our Dutch Reformed Churches. 
 The Dutch motto, "Endracht Maakt Macht," when given the free 
 translation, indicates that "In Union There Is Strength," and the 
 Latin motto. "Nisi Dominus Frustra," is the title of the 127th 
 Psalm, "Except the Lord build the house, they labour in vain 
 
 101 
 
that build it : except the Lord keep the city, the watchman waketh 
 but in vain." The former was the rallying cry of the Dutch in 
 times of despondency and the latter motto deeply expresses their 
 religious convictions and their sincere hope in God. Here are 
 lessons for Church and State. We can find inspiration in these 
 mottoes and this object will kindle our hearts once more with the 
 glow of civil and religious liberty. 
 
 102 
 
The Ancient Symbol of the Dutch Reformed Church 
 in the Netherlands. 
 
 The Lily Among the Thorns. 
 
 So calamitous was the condition of our Mother Church in 
 the sixteenth century, during the eighty years of bloody struggle 
 for religious liberties against the gigantic power of Spain, that 
 she gave herself the name of "The Church under the Cross," and 
 the "Lily among the Thorns" was her pathetic symbol. The 
 inscription on the border : "Geluck een lelie onder dc doorneu 
 
 103 
 
so is mine vriendinne onder de dochteren," is taken from the 
 Song of Solomon (ii. :2) : "As the lily among thorns, so is My 
 love among the daughters." 
 
 Like the shield of William the Silent, may this symbol be 
 used and cherished by our noble Reformed Church, so that all 
 may "earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered 
 unto the saints." 
 
 Skat, of the Collegiate Church. 
 
 Jehovah. 
 
 "SIG-ECCL-PROT-DELG-REFORM-NEO-EBORACIENSIS." 
 Seal of the Reformed Protestant Belgic Church of New York. 
 
 "VERITATE." "BIBLIA." "PIETATE." 
 
 With Truth. Bible. With Piety. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Weather Vanes. 
 
 The editor of this monograph was asked, not long ago, as to 
 why the weather vanes on some of the Dutch Reformed Churches 
 assumed the form of a cock, as at present seen on the Marble 
 Collegiate Church at Twenty-ninth Street and Fifth Avenue, 
 New York. 
 
 His reply was based on information derived from one of the 
 
 104 
 
most prominent and best informed ministers who have, in all 
 times past, graced the denomination. 
 
 This symbol is also used on some of the churches of our 
 Roman Catholic brethren, and the custom was evidently retained 
 at the time of the Reformation, as were also some other things 
 from the Early Church. The vane in this form refers primarily 
 to Saint Peter and his three-fold denial (which, by the way, is 
 recorded in all four Gospels) and also to his subsequent three- 
 fold asseveration of his love for his Master, as recorded in St. 
 John 21. From this the mind is directed to the ushering in of 
 the faintest gleam of dawn of each Lord's Day, "that Day of rest 
 and gladness," and to the advent of the final Resurrection Day, 
 the day for which we, in faith and hope, wait, 
 
 "Till in glory eastward burning, 
 Our redemption draweth near; 
 And we see the sign in heaven 
 Of our Judge and Saviour dear." 
 
 105 
 
IX. 
 
 Open to the Public from Ten to Four O'Clock 
 Every Day Except Sunday 
 During the Period of the Tercentenary Celebration. 
 
 107 
 
IX. 
 
 <£4t6tf6 
 
 Open to the Public from Ten to Four O'clock 
 Every Day Except Sunday 
 During the Period of the Tercentenary Celebration. 
 
 AT THE CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS 
 Fifth Avenue and 48th Street 
 New York City. 
 
 During the two hundred and ninety-eight years of her ex- 
 istence the Collegiate Church has been served by thirty-eight min- 
 isters. In the Consistory Room at the Church of St. Nicholas, 
 Fifth Avenue and 48th Street, twenty-live portraits in oil of 
 former ministers adorn the walls of the chamber in which are now 
 held the meetings of that body over which they once presided. 
 The Consistory possesses no portrait earlier than that of Gaulterus 
 Du Bois, whose service began in 1699 and terminated in 1751. 
 Prior to that there were eight ministers. 
 
 The Rev. William Linn, S.T.D. (1785-1805), whose portrait 
 is included, was Chaplain of the House of Representatives in the 
 First Congress under the Federal Constitution (1789). 
 
 In this Church of St. Nicholas is to be seen a unique memorial 
 for Theodore Roosevelt, which is an artistic bronze tablet affixed 
 to the end of the pew which was occupied by his family in this 
 his ancestral church. This was erected in 1920 and dedicated with 
 appropriate exercises on Memorial Day, May 30th. 1921. It was 
 in this edifice that he, in the springtime of his years, listened to 
 the proclamation of the Gospel of Him who said: "I am come 
 that they might have life and that they might have it more 
 abundantly," and it was within the sacred precincts of this 
 Church that he made confession of his faith at the age of sixteen 
 years and becoming a member in full communion. A memorial 
 service was held for him in this Church on January 30th, 191°. 
 
 109 
 
AT THE MIDDLE CHURCH 
 Second Avenue and Seventh Street 
 
 New York City. 
 (Parish House, 50 Seventh Street) 
 The Collection of 
 Prints and Photographs of Old New York 
 and of 
 
 Other Historical Places and Persons. 
 
 This collection comprises one hundred and thirty-three prints 
 and photographs of persons and places chiefly identified with the 
 earlier history of the City and Nation. The collection, in the 
 opinion of one of the prominent print dealers of this City, is one 
 of the most extensive in the City and is noted for its general 
 arrangement and classification and for the lucid descriptions in 
 the catalogue of the several objects. 
 
 This collection will be in charge of a competent person, 
 who will pay every attention to visitors. 
 
 There are many other objects of interest to the visitor in the 
 Middle Church. In the Church Auditorium, in the Sunday School 
 Room and other rooms, visitors, where their eyes may rest, will 
 be constantly reminded of the eternal verities and the Person 
 and Work of our Lord. There are twenty-one memorials in this 
 Church in various forms, including the famous Eight Windows, 
 which are lighted by electric lamps. The Coat-of-Arms of John 
 Harpending, from whom the Consistory received a devise of 
 land, is to be seen here. This object has been displayed in our 
 Churches for over one hundred and fifty years. All these in- 
 teresting objects are described in a pamphlet which may be ob- 
 tained on the premises. 
 
 no 
 
The Coat-of-Arms of John Harpending. 
 
 Ill 
 
1 
 
PRINTED BY 
 WM. J. WASSMUTH, NEW YORK CITY