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IE* IGtbrtH SEYMOUR DURST Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1886, 1 >y FARRAND & EVERDELL, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library FARRAND & ALEXANDER, Designers and Engravers, 160 Fulton Street, New York. FARRAND & EVERDELL, Printers and Publishers, 107 John Street, New York. 60MMEM0RATWE * MONUMENT OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. HE story of Bartholdi's Statue of " Liberty Enlightening the World " is the culminating history of a century of friend- ship, dating from the time the Marquis La- fayette and Baron De Kalb, with other French volunteers, left the shores of France against the government's wishes to take part in our struggle for National Independence. The friendship of Washington for Lafayette, the closing victory of the Revolution in the capture of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, by the aid of a French fleet and French soldiers under Count de Rochambeau, the visit of Lafayette to this country in 1824, with that of many of his distinguished countrymen since then, the struggle of the French na- tion after a like freedom from monarchical control, has developed, if possible, a more sympathetic feeling between the two peoples. This is increased by the enthusiasm with which our French friends enter into an enter- prise, particularly where art is made the medium through which the grandest thought of the century could be worked out. The French in this age have developed a genius in the foremost ranks of art, and possess a greater number of artists — whose works will live in the future beside those of the old masters — than any other nation. Their etchings and paintings are eagerly sought after by connoisseurs of art everywhere, while in the domain of sculpture their artists are fast rivalling those of the Italian school in boldness of con- ception and the faithfulness with which their leading idea is interpreted. The sculptor's art is older and more enduring than history. Back in the dim past of Egypt's greatness, or the faded glory of the nations who lived on the Assyrian plains, all we glean of their existence is the lew scattered monuments and carved images that have resisted the ravages of time. The Greeks, who among the ancients, were the best interpreters of true art in sculpture, have left a better knowledge of their skill and development, in the stone images and beautiful buildings, than the few fragments of their history handed down to us. So it seems fitting that in our day it should be a sculptor's hand that put in one bold effort the conceptions of a life-time, and called a world's atten- tion to his production. If we have contributed in these pages, by pen and illustration, to tell the simple story of Bartholdi and his noble work of art, so that the gift of the French people, who planned so grandly for ages to come, may not ^se one atom of its interest, we shall be content, and our holding aloft " Liberty's " torch be not in vain. The beginnings of this great work are in the recent past, and grow naturally out of the awakened interest, in France, at our approaching Centennial. It seems natural that the French people should have been inspired in this manner to testify their regard for old friendships, dating from revolutionary days, when the French volunteers cast their swords into the scale of liberty and struggled on to victory. While the name of Lafayette has always been held in esteem and veneration by the citizens of the United States, the name of Washington is never men- tioned in a French assembly without creating unbounded enthusiasm. Here we have the key that unlocks the motives of the givers, and shows how noble friendships are perpetuated. One evening, more than twenty years ago, a number of French gentlemen were gathered in the home of M. Laboulaye, at Versailles, France. They were representative men, eminent in politics, literature and the arts. A wide range of subjects, the product of the thought of the time, were talked over, until the relations of France with the neigh- boring nations were broached, when it was mentioned by some that no such thing as gratitude existed among nations, that no matter how much apparent regard they might have for one another, the least touch of self-interest would snap every tie of that kind, and as for the United States, France could no longer count on old friendships, or the remembrance of the past. The venerable host, whose love for the people of the Union and its institutions was shared by so many of the most brilliant men that France ever produced, took the occasion to remark " that the States of the Union had more sympathy for the French people than any other nation ; that this bond of sympathy was not gratitude simply, but the struggles and aspirations in common shared by them, and the remembrance of the blood spilled by French volunteers during the Revolution had wrought a common thought and feeling ; that nations, like individuals, were bound together by common sufferings." He further said " that if a monument could be built in America to commemorate their independence, nothing would be more natural than that it should be built by the united efforts of both people." Among the gentlemen there gathered was one destined to crown his fame by linking his name with the consummation of the grandest idea of liberty this world ever witnessed. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, a sculptor, at that time about 32 years of age, was born at Colmar, in Alsace. He started life as a painter, but found more congenial work in the art that has given him a lasting renown. At the age of 19 he produced a bas-relief of" Francesca da Rimini," and later on, in 1878, a collossal monument, "The Lion of Belfort," to commemorate a gallant defence of a garrfson during the Franco- German war. His statue, " Gribeauval," is the property of the French nation. For the remarkable work of sculpture, " Genius in the Grasp of Misery," he was awarded the medal at the Centennial Exhi- bition. The French government has bestowed upon him the Cross of the Legion of Honor. Among his later numerous works may be men- tioned the statue of Lafayette, in Union Square, New York City. The design of this statue, as well as the graceful pose of the figure, shows M. Bartholdi to be a master workman, and well entitled to his honors. This conversation among his friends, while leaving its impress on his mind, took no active form, as the severe struggle with Ger- many soon broke out, and the thoughts of the French people were soon engrossed with military events. In filling a commission from the government, he visited Bordeaux, and heard the officers of the vessels speak of the demonstrations in the States in favor of Germany. After the close of the war, the home of his childhood having become German province, he felt he could not return to his beloved Aisace, so determined to visit the United States. Again we find him at the home of his aged friend, M. Laboulaye, in company of Henri Martin, Lafayette, Remousat, Volowski, de Casparin and other distinguished French statesmen and writers, whose love for the American Republic was well known. M. Bartholdi, whose esteem for us seemed uppermost in his mind, related all he had heard at Bordeaux, and expressed surprise that Americans should show such a want of sympathy toward the French nation in her extremity. Again M. Laboulaye repeated his former sentiments, saying those demonstra- tions in America were only made by people whose residence there was too recent for them to sympathize in the traditions of their adopted home, and counselled M. Bartholdi to visit America, study it, and bring back his impressions. Propose to our friends over there to make with us a common monument, in remembrance of the ancient friend- ship of France and the United States. We will take up a subscrip- tion in France. If you find a happy idea, a plan that will excite public enthusiasm, we are convinced that it will be successful on both conti- nents, and will do a work that will have a far-reaching moral effect. Armed with this commission, and letters of recommendation, one bright September morning a French vessel sailed into the harbor of New York, having among its passengers this celebrated sculptor, M. Bartholdi. The vision of the New World unfolding before his eyes, as the vessel passed through the Narrows, first put in shape the form of the monument, and that here, in New York harbor, before the eyes of the millions of strangers who arrive seeking new homes in a new land should "Liberty Enlightening the World " hold out her torch, while clasped in the other hand the book or tablet should remind them that true liberty is only found in obedience to law. This was in 1870. For five or six months M. Bartholdi improved his time by visiting nearly all the great cities of the Union, making friends everywhere, and finding help and sympathy from the most prominent men in the nation's counsels. Among them were President Grant, Gens. Meade and Sheridan, Peter Cooper, Prof. Agassiz, the Poet Longfellow, and Senator Sumner, of Massachusetts. Deciding on Bedloe's Island, he made a sketch in water colors of the monument, which met the kindly approval of his many friends. Bedloe's Island, a little over one mile southwest of the Battery, containing about 12 acres, possesses many advantageous features as the site of such a monument. Lying just off the channel, in full view of the vessels passing through the Narrows, it presents a picture no other spot could suggest. With the great city of New York for a back-ground, flanked by the thriving cities of New Jersey on the west, and populous Brooklyn on the east, with the myriads of craft of every description passing to and fro over the quiet waters of the bay, it stands, with the monument, the central figure of a picture that cannot be copied in any other harbor of the continent. No wonder the artist eye of M. Bartholdi saw the picture in its entirety, although just forming in his mind the vast proportions of the statue, and so chose the most eligible site for the purpose. Bedloe's (or Bedlow's) Island is named after old Isaac Bedlow, who bought it of the old colonial government of New Amsterdam. He died in 1672. It was called Kennedy's Island during the Revo- lution, after Capt. Kennedy, commander of the British Naval Station in New York. He built a house there which he used as a summer residence. After the war it became the property of New York State. In 1797, it was used as a quarantine station, but in 1800, the State gave it to the general government. In 1814, a fort was begun on the island, and in 1841, the present star shaped fort was built at a cost of nearly $225,000. It was built to mount 70 guns of the largest kind then made, and would hold a garrison of 35o men. It had a moat and draw-bridge on the west side, and a sally port on the southeast corner. While being a quaint affair compared with the great forts of the present day, it will still be more famous than the more imposing defences of the lower bay, and to an artist's eye forms a most fitting base for the grand monument within its walls. On his return to France, M. Bartholdi met the friends whose mission he had carried out, and made his report. It proved so favorable, that steps were immediately taken toward the formation of the " French-American Union," a society to bring before the French people the enterprise, and solicit subscriptions. The " Monu- ment of Independence," as it was called, was to be executed by the two peoples, the French furnishing the statue, the Americans the pedestal. Subscription lists were issued, signed by M. Laboulaye, as president of the society, in which it was stated that " in this way we declare by an imperishable memorial, the friendship that the blood spilled by our fathers of old sealed between the two nations. It is a treaty of friendship which should be signed by all hearts which feel the love of their country." This committee was formed, and lists issued, in the latter part of 1874. At this time M. Bartholdi had made his first models, which created unbounded enthusiasm among his friends. These lists met with a favorable response. The birth of the work was celebrated by a banquet, in the Hotel of the Louvre, on November 6, 1875. It was a memorable gathering of men of letters, arts and politics, illus- trious representatives being present from both America and France. The hall echoed with the toasts to the names of Washington and Lafay- ette. Among those present were Mr. Washburn, Minister of the United States, and Col. Forney, Commissioner-General in Europe of the Centennial Exposition, while among the distinguished French- men were those who bore the names of Lafayette and Rochambeau. An appeal to the French public followed, stating that "it is proposed to erect, as a memorial of the glorious anniversary, an exceptional monument. In the midst of the harbor of New York, upon an islet belonging to the States of the Union, in front of Long Island, where was poured out the first blood for independence, a colossal statue would rear its head, outlined upon space, framed on the horizon by the great American cities of New York, Jersey City and Brooklyn. At the threshold of that vast continent full of new life, where arrive all the vessels of the world, the statue will rise upon the bosom of the waves. It will represent ' Liberty Enlightening the World.' At night a resplendent aureole upon its brow will throw its beams far upon the vast sea. ***** L et us each bring our mite. The smallest subscription will be heartily welcomed." This appeal touched the warm hearts of the French people. Money flowed in from all parts of France. The rich and the poor alike showing sympathy in their respondings. The success of the monument was assured. To give the people of the United States an idea of the work, the right hand of the statue was sent to the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and afterwards brought to New York, where it was erected on a pedestal in Madison Square, until, on completion of the statue, it was reshipped to France to be put together. M. Bartholdi again made a visit to the United States as a member of the French Jury, and was present at the unveiling of the statue of Lafayette, in Union Square, New York. This statue, the gift of France to New York City, was made in acknowledge- ment of the sympathy testified to France, by the shipments of pro- visions, at the time of the sufferings caused by the siege of Paris. This statue was executed by M. Bartholdi, in bronze, and presents the noble figure of the French patriot to the best possible advantage. With the equestrian statue of Washington at the southeast corner of Union Square, Lincoln's statue at the southwest corner, with Lafayette in the centre, midway between, New York City possesses a noble trio in bronze, the embodiment of patriotism and love of liberty. M. Bartholdi's visit to the United States was timed to awaken the most patriotic feelings, and resulted in the formation of a com- mittee to second the efforts of our French friends. A preparatory meeting was organized at the Century Club, upon the call of Messrs. Wm. M. Evarts, S. D. Babcock, John Jay, Wm. H. Wickham, Wm. H. Appleton and Richard Butler, Secretary. At that meeting a committee was organized, and a memorial was addressed to the government of the United States, asking approval and support for what had been done by the French concern- ing the site of the monument. On the recommendation of President Hayes, a joint resolution was passed by Congress, on February 22, 1877, authorizing the President to designate and set apart a site for the colossal statue of " Liberty Enlightening the World," and to provide for its per- manent maintenance and preservation, and the President was " autho- rized and directed to accept the statue when presented by the French people, and set apart for the erection thereof a suitable site on Bed- loe's Island, and on its completion to cause the same to be inaugurated with such ceremonies as will serve to testify the gratitude of our people for this expressive memorial of the sympathy of the citizens of our sister Republic.'' On his return to France, M. Bartholdi found the taking up of subscriptions rapidly progressing. The head of the statue was com- pleted for the Paris Exposition of 1878. The work of execution made such rapid progress, that on October 24, 1 88 1 , the anniversary of the battle of Yorktown, all the pieces of the framework and base were put in place. On invitation of the committee, Mr. Levi P. Morton, United States Minister to France, drove the first rivet in the first piece that was mounted. It was the left foot of the statue. On June 11, 1884, at a dinner given by Mr. Morton to the committee of the French-American Union, and Ministers of the French government, M. Ferry, President of the Council, announced that the government had taken a lively interest in the progress of the work, which had been accomplished outside the range of its influence, and the government would now associate itself with the work by transporting the colossal statue of "Liberty" to New \oik on a state vessel, under the official banner of France. On July 4, 1884, M. de Lesseps, who had been called to the Presidency of the committee of the French- American Union, on the death of M. Laboulaye, officially presented the statue of " Liberty Enlightening the World," to Mr. Levi P. Morton, Minister of the United States. In his address M. de Lesseps said he was handing over to the United States the gift of France, the contributions of one hundred and eighty cities, forty general councils, and a large number of societies, and over a hundred thousand subscribers. We commit it to your care, Mr. Minister, that it may remain forever the pledge of the bonds which should unite France and the great American nation." As the plans of M. Bartholdi were based on such colossal pro- portions, designed to be in keeping with the subject and its sur- roundings, it must present to the eye a harmonious whole, creating within the breast a pleasing emotion, not so much on account of its vast size, as the interpretation of the leading idea. In the forma- tion of such an enormous image, the ordinary methods could not be followed in its construction. No carved .stone or cast bronze could be handled with safety, so it was decided to make it of repousse, or hammered copper. Here is shown the skill, judgment and taste of the artist. But it entailed much extra labor, with extreme care and mathe- matical precision. A model was made just one- sixteenth the size of the contemplated statue. After the proportions were worked out in every detail, it was enlarged to one- fourth the size. After this came the full size model. This, of course, could only be made in sections, so as to be more easily handled. Now came the f. ,v- ^ H. Brisson, President du Conseil. most careful and precise calcula- tions. The quarter size model was divided into sections, and each one laid off in squares, and pointed, from which to measure. Some portions, particularly the drapery, requiring as many as 300 of these points, with 1,200 extra marks. After this came wooden frames, upon which plaster was put thick enough to mould into all the ine- qualities of the model. Measure- ments taken from the sections of ihe model were increased four times, and carefully moulded into shape. Thus every section of the quarter size model was repre- sented in the enlarged mould. After this came the work of the French carpenters, who fitted frames of wood upon the outside of each section. These wooden frames, appearing like little boxes or pigeon-holes, were made by fitting the edges of the boards to the inequalities of the plaster moulds, every projec- tion or depression being carefully copied. After this came the sheets of copper, of which there were three hundred, being beaten on the inside of these frames with wooden mallets, producing in bronze copper a fac simile of each section. An iron frame or girder was made for the inside of the statue, extending to the torch, upon which these copper sheets are riveted. That the work might not suffer from polarization or elec- Ch. Floquet, President de la Chambre. trical action, from the influence of the J. Grew, President de la Kepublique. salt air upon the two metals, can- vas cloth is introduced between them where they are riveted. Immense rods run down from the iron frame into the stone work, where they are anchored, thus insuring stability from dan- ger of high winds or violent storms. The exact height of this \ statue is 1 5 1 feet i inch, the vast proportions of which could only be shown to advantage by a ped- estal, whose contour and design should be solid without appearing to be a mere mass of stone and concrete. Mr. M. R. Hunt, the designer of the pedestal, has struck that medium of solidity, relieved by just enough architectural finish and ornament, as will call no special attention to itself, but will show off the statue to the best advantage. It is no mean monument, standing, as it does, feet 10 inches above low water mark to the platform on which liberty's feet are planted. In finding a foundation for this pedestal, a pit or excavation 90 feet square was made in the centre of the parade ground of the old fort. Into this was put masses of concrete, layer upon layer, each one smaller than the other, until a heighth of 65 feet 10 inches is reached, where the pedestal, whose base is 62 feet square, commences. This ped- estal is 89 feet in heighth, having on each side, at its base, a door- way five feet wide and thirteen t eet high, on each side of which, on a projecting desk of stone, are to be placed the coat of arms of France and the United States. The arms of the States will appear on disks over the doorway, ten on each side. Above these appear large panels, twenty-three feet six inches long by five feet three inches high. A moulding relieves the stone work at a point above these panels, from which four pillars arise in the centre of each side. Above this the stone work recedes at an elevation of ninety- eight feet eight inches, leaving a balcony five feet eight inches wide, from which the view of the surrounding cities cannot be surpassed. On its top. of nearly forty feet square, stands Liberty, whose torch will lighten the bay at an elevation of 3o5 feet 1 1 inches above mean low water mark. The ground was broken for the ped- estal in April, 1883, the excavation in June, the laying of the foundation in Oc- tober. For eighteen months the work was continued, until De- ^ Le Rover > President du Senat. Leete's Island, Conn. Arches will be sprung from the walls of the fort to the base of the pedestal, on which mould, sodded, will be laid, covering up the concrete, and presenting a beautiful contrast with the smooth cut stone of the fort with its star shaped walls, and the pedestal rising from the centre of the green mound within. Stairways will lead up the mound on the four sides to the doorways leading to an elevator that will take the visitor to the top of the pedestal. The pedestal would have been completed much sooner, had the appeal of the American Pedestal Committee to the public been responded to with greater alacrity. A lack of enthusiasm seemed to pervade the people, and plans for raising money were very poorly carried out, notwithstanding the statue had been completed, and was cember, 1 884. After a short respite, it was again resumed on May 11, 1 885, and continued without in- terruption, and was completed by putting on the last layer of stone in April of this year. The stone was from a quarry on expected to he shipped to this country. At this juncture the New York World, a leading paper of the city, used its vast influence and circulation, and by a stirring- appeal and offer to receive sub- scriptions in aid of the pedestal fund, succeeded in the accomp- lishment of raising $100,000. A noble cause; a mighty effort; a great success. All honor to the World, and may the erection of the majestic image fully repay it for its exertions in this direction. In the latter part of June, )885, the French vessel, the Isefe, from Rouen, France, having on board the statue, packed in 210 cases, sailed into New York harbor. The North Atlantic squadron accompanied the Isere up the bay. With the booming of cannon, ringing of bells and the blowing of steam whistles was the statue of " Liberty Enlightening the World " received in this country. The French officers in charge of the statue were received with every mark of respect, and escorted up Broadway in procession to the City Hall, where a public reception was' tendered them by the Mayor. The work of putting the statue together was commenced by hoisting the iron framework in position in May of this year. The first plates of the statue were hoisted into place in July, since which time unceasing labor has been done in putting the plates in place and riveting them. It has been a labor of time, as so few men could be suspended outside to do the riveting, while others held ham- mers against the heads of the rivets inside. As the height increased, the work progressed more slowly. This October, 1886, sees the work completed. The statue represents an outlay of more than 1,000,000 francs, and ten years of the best part of the gifted artist's life, while the pedestal represents a cost of $25o,ooo, besides an appropriation of $56, 000 by Congress, and represents three and one-half years in construction, including time of putting statue in place. Col. Chas. P. Stone, as Engineer-in-chief, has had charge of the work, and deserves commendation for the manner in which he has fulfilled his trust. The statue is constructed ol copper sliects 3 16 of an incti thick. The forefinger measures eight feet in length and five feet in circumference at the second joint. The nail measures fourteen inches in length by ten in breadth. The head is fourteen feet high. The eye is twenty-eight inches in width. The nose three feet nine inches long. The total weight of this stupendous figure is 440,000 pounds, of which 176,000 pounds are copper, the remainder being wrought iron. This Colossus of modern art stands, in its imposing majesty, higher than the enormous towers of the great Brooklyn Bridge, or the steeple of Trinity Church — the loftiest church steeple in the city of New York. The total cost of statue, pedestal and foundation being nearly one million dollars. GROVE R CLEVELAND, President ok the United States. As the statue will be a permanent lighthouse, the torch will have a circle of glass eighteen inches wide and twenty-five feet long, put in its circumference, through which powerful electric lights will throw their rays out into the harbo '. So stands Bartholdi's statue of Liberty complete, a grand suc- cess. Majestic and beautiful, at the gateway of the nation, fitting into its surroundings as an appropriate addition, serene and grand, a fit emblem to meet the new comer to our shores. It will occupy a more notable place in history than the famed Colossus of Rhodes. As a work of art it is unique and unmistakably expressive, and will carry with it, down the coming ages, rich lessons of the friendship and generosity that prompted the gift. Bartholdi, too, will live, having his name inseparably linked with with the grand monument of international esteem It was no crude idea, but a living truth worked out in a masterly manner — "The shapeless bronze, a human master mind; Blow upon blow — a deathless dream defined." Note — This little graveyard, a tew yards southwest of the walls of the fort, contains the remains of the military family of Maj. Wilcox, who was in command fifty *f?a» -ig-o. 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CASH ASSISTANCE RENDERED THOSE DESIRING TO INSURE THEIR LIVES. NO COLLATERAL SECURITY REQUIRED. INSURANCE FURNISHED IN ANY COMPANY ON EASY TERMS. Pamphlet giving full Particulars Furnished upon Application. JOHN R. FOLEY, down-Town Offices, £ i *i '-Town branch, HARLEM, West i2§l\) Sfreet, Sor. Sit, Jl,?e. • 4§7 • jSpoadwPery • Telephone, 639 Nassau. f af • o • Ijikepfy • Er)li^l}fer)ir)g • fjpe- \MoAd • 3 The American committee, of which Mr. Wm. M. Evarts is Chairman, Mr. Richard Butler, Secretary, and Mr. H. F. Spaulding, Treasurer, have been indefatigable in their efforts to complete the statue in time for the dedication as set for Oct. 28th. The President has appointed General Schofield to superintend the exercises, as his representa- tive. Gen. Schofield has appointed Gen. Chas. P. Stone, Grand Marshal. In behalf of the government the President extended invitations to the French nation to send representatives to be present at the unveiling. The French Senate will be repre- sented by Gen. Grevy, brother of the President, and Gen. Lafayette, grandson of Wash- ington's friend. The other distinguished Frenchmen who will be present are M. and Mine. Bartholdi, Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, Senators Admiral Jaures and Gen. Pelissier, Deputies Apuller and Desmons, M. Deschamps, Vice-President of the Municipal Council of Paris ; M. Charles Bigot, Delegate of the Press Syndicate ; M. Leon Robert, Chief of the Cabinet of the Minister of Public Instruction ; Col. B. de Pasy, second in command of the Polytechnic School ; Col. Lausiedat, Director of the School of Arts and Trades' School; Lieut. Villegente, aide-de-camp of the Minister of the Navy; M. Hielard, Dele- gate of the Paris Chamber of Commerce ; M. A. Lefevre, the French Consul-General, and M. Leon Mcunier, corresponding member of the Union Franco-Americaine. M. Bartholdi and lady will be offered the freedom of the city. The exercises of the unveiling, as the representative of the President, has appointed Gen. Chas. P. Stone, Grand Marshal. Marshal Stone's Assistant Grand Marshal is Gen. M. T. McMahon, with Capt. Hugh G. Brown, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, and First Lieut. Ed. T. Brown, Fifth U. S. Artillery, as aide-de-camps. The programme of the exercises to be observed at the dedication of the Statue of Liberty will begin with a grand military and civic parade through the principal streets of the city. In this the United States troops, the State militia, the marines from the North Atlantic squadron and the troops from the French fleet that will then be in the harbor will participate, with a long line of French and American organizations and associations of veterans, firemen and citizens. Upon the arrival of the column at the Battery the military will he taken on hoard transports, which, headed hy the French and American fleets, will take their stations near Lihcrty Island. Then the military hands and such forces as are assigned to places on the Island will he landed. Platforms will be erected upon the parapets at the base of the statue, where the speakers and those who are to participate in the exercises will be located. The ceremonies at the statue will last during the afternoon, after which the fleet of French and American war vessels will salute each other and go through evolutions. The huge torch of the statue will then be lighted and then the flotilla will return to the city and the French visitors will be given a banquet. The place of honor in the column and at the exercises on Liberty Island will be given to the French visitors who will be the guests of the American committee. Invitations have been sent to the Governors of all the States, many of whom will be present with their staffs. The following is the official programme in detail as far as made out : First — All Military, Naval and Civic Parade, in New York City. The march of the column to terminate at the Battery and at other piers in the lower part of the city, where steamers will be taken for Bedloe s Island. The positions of the various organizations in the column will he such that in turning off to the piers from which they are to embark there will be no crossing of columns or delay in the march. Second — At a given signal the steamers, preceded by such ships of war as may be present, will move in a prescribed order to Bedloe's Island, and will occupy their designated position. Note — The limited area and wharfage of the Island will only permit of the landing of a comparatively small proportion of those who may wish to take part in the ceremonies. Hence the leading steamers only will touch at the warf, while all the others will be assigned positions from which the ceremonies may be seen. Third— Appropriate ceremonies at the base of the statue to be concluded near the hour of sunset. Fourth — A national salute from all the batteries in the harbor, ashore and afloat. During the salute the guests and others on the island will re-embark, and the vessels of the fleet will return to their wharves. Fifth — The ceremonies will be concluded by the illumination of the statue. All military, naval and civic societies and organizations which desire to take part in the parade, will make early application to the American Committee, at No. 33 Mercer street, New York City, or to the Grand Marshal, No. I Broad way, so that places may be assigned them in the column, and the detailed programme of the parade made public in due time. The Committee will furnish transportation only for those who are to take part in the ceremonies at the statue, and those guests who are provided with tickets admitting them to seats upon the platform. All others who may wish to take passage upon the Bay will provide their own transportation. Approved : J. M. SCHOFIELD, Major-General. Published by order of the American Committee of the Statue of Liberty. RICHARD BUTLER, Secretary. Gen. Charles P. Stone has been appointed Grand Marshal of the parade to take place in the city of New York. The senior officer of the United States Navy who may be present is expected to act as Admiral of the fleet, and direct the movements of all vessels taking part in the parade upon the Bay. Official. J. P. SANGER, Brevet-Major U. S. Army, Aide-de-Camp. Printed with G» ), Mather's Sons' Inks. A— 16— Castle Garden. B-16— Battel y Park. C— 14 — Bitwiii g Green. D— ll-Trinu> Ouurch. head Wall St. D-17-Eluvju. il R. IL Depot. E-10-Post Office. E 12 Stih-Tivodury Building. F- 9-City Hull and Court House. F IS Custom House. G— 8— ROGERS. PF.ET&CO. H— 7— Wttshington Square, I — 6— Madison Square. THE CITY OF NEW YORK. BOGEES, &c CO., COMrLIME.N'TS OF WHOLESALE AN*D RETAIL CLOTHIEBS, BROADWAY, PRINCE & MERCER STS., NEW YORK. To each of theobjects of interest catalogued herewith Is prefixed a letter and a figure. To find the place indicated, draw an imagi ary vertical Erie from th*» LETTER to whereit meets a corresponding horizontal line from theFlGURK. Copyright, 1879, by Root&Ti.nkk. . I — 8— Union Square. J — 7— Cooper Union. K— 4— Si. Patrick's cathedral, L— 3- Central Park. L— 4-Giand Central Depot. M— 6— Bellevue Hospital. N — 2 - Ward's Island. N— 8- Randall's Island. N— 8— Tompkins Square. N— 18— Martin's Stores, Brooklyn. 0— 4— Blackwell*8 Island. P- 1— Long Island Sound. Onr BftalJ Terms are. Oasb on Delivery. One price, plainly marked on every rarmeut, and satisfaction guaranteed. * * We cheerfully exchange poods retnrnerl uninjured, or refund the prioe if nothing else is desired. JVew Yo~rl^ was first settled in 1012 by the Dutch, under Hendrick Hudson, when it received the nam- of New Am- sterdam. It was annexed to the British Colonies under the treaty of Ryswick, to the discomfiture of the last Dutch Governor, Peter Stuyvesant, and the name changed to New York. It has grown from the little hamlet, with its stockade and ditch encir- cling it, and, at the farthest northern limit, running along what is still called after it Wall Street, to the widc-anned city which, including the suburban towns and cities of New Jersey and Long Island, as it fairly may in a comprehensive comparison, though there are municipal divisions, covers ft wider area than London, and shelters a wider population than any other city on the globe, except London. The name Manhattan Island, (riginally signified "the man with the hat on." The island, as it thi n existed, was purchased for sixty gnlders. The name now ap- plies to old New York, viz : the territory below Har- lem River, which stream connecting Hudson (or North) River on the west with the " East " River and Long [eland Sound at " Hell Gate" on the east, forms an inland, which, until recently, was the limit of the city, the upper portion being called Harlem. Now, however, the city limits extend north into Westchester County some 7J miles above Harlem River, including Woodlawn Cemetery, a distance of 1C miles from the Battery and covering an area of 24.895 acres, or 39 square miles. It is. hi many parts, a beautiful city. From its manufacturing importance it is called the metropolis of the Union. Its popula- tion is conceded to be nearly a million and a half of souls. It is ulso a great co umcrcial mart, and the cen- tre of many charities. The talent of the globe gravi- tates to New York, where it is usually more largely rewarded than elsewhere. Its pulpits, platforms, charities and philantrophists are famous. 4 Broadway, Prince and Mercer Streets. + : proach to the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, which stands opposite the City Hull terminus of the Third Avrtiue Elevated Road. This structure is the largest of its kind in the world. It cost S15.tXlo.000. It was first commenced .1 an nary 3d, INTO, and was opened for public traffic by President Arthur, May 24, 1883. Its total length is 6,989 f p.? width 85 ft. The lengtn of the river i-pan is 1,695 ft., and of each land spun 980 ft., and 1HS0 ft. respeetiv ly. It has four cables contain- ing 14^361 miles of wire. Its two towers are of a total height, above high w < tcr mark, of 278 ft. Their height above the Bridge roadway is 169ft. The fare to pedestrians is 1 cent, and for the bridge cars 5 cents. Tl eup-town part of the city is full of delightful contrasts. From Washington sqmire north- ward there are on Fifth, ALudiHOU and Lexington ave- nues and Broadway constant panoramas of superb churches, residences and business palaces. On Twenty- third street are the buildings of the Young Men's Christian Ass oc ia tion, on the corner of Fourth ave- nue. On the Opposite corner is the Aeudemy of De- sign, while on the unit] thoroughfare, near the corner of Broadway, stand-* one of :hu best art galleries in the city. Further west, near Sixth avenue, is the Masonic Temple. F urth avenue, is crowded with elegant churches and hotels, and further up is the Grand Central Depot, the Vandi rhilt Tunnel, and the grand new armory of the Seventh KeL'inient. Madi- son Square, the great lung of Murray Hill, is charm- ing, and the MadNon Square Garden, entrance on Madison avenue, is famous for its varied exhibitions. Central Park is replete with attraction*. It is one of the points which must be " taken in,' ami to be seen to advantage it requires several visit*, an its most charming features cm only be reached on foot. Park carriages start fr m the Fifth and Eighth avenue en- trances, conveying?, with a system of transfer tickets, the stranger to all points accessible in a vehicle, for the uniform charge of 25 cents. The driven through and beyond it to Harlem, Washington H» ights, Je- rome Park. Woodlawn Cemetery, and other fav- red spots in Westchester County, are enchanting. The visiror may also feel interested in the noble Hospitals which abound, or, pay a visit to the institutions on Blackwell's and Ward's Islands, BeUevue Hospital ami the Tombs. The military man would do veil to go to Fort Wadsworth on Staten Island, and then to see Governor's Island, j nd extend his rambles to Fort Hamilton on Long island, commanding the Nar- rows, opposite F..rt Wadsworth. To do ihi-, heniust needs cross to Brooklyn, where the Navy Yard, Greenwood Cemetery and Pro*pe<-t I'ark are well worth seeing. And when he h^s got bo far a twelve minutes' rule will take him to Coney Is- land, which can aNo be rt-ached direct by steam- boat comuniuicaiiuu from New York. Means of transportation are good on Man- hattan island, and owing to its narrow formation one's bearing may always be taken from Broadway, the great artery of traffic, running its entire length, north and south. All the Elbvattd Roads start from the Battery, with frequent stopping places. Be- tween 5:30 and 8:30 A. M., and 4:30 and 7:30 P M. the fare is five cents ; at all other hours ten cents is charged. The horse car lines of the Belt Railway, en- circle the lower part of the city. Nearly all the up- town horse ear routes converge near the City nail, those r inning along the east side of the city being congregated between the Post Office and the Herald office, those be 1 .' nging to the west side start- ing from Vesey and Barc'.ay sts., immediately oppo- site. Omnibuses ply from South, Wall st. and Fulton Ferries up to Twenty-third st., where they diverge up Fifth, Ninth and Madison avenues. The simplest way for a stranger to find 1 be precise conveyance he wints is to ask the nearest policeman. Beware of confidence operators and pickpockets. The uniform charge for horse cars and omnibus fares is five eents. car or elevated railroad line on gllfare running north and south of Manhattan Irland, while at short intervals there are cr ss-town routes connecting the Ferries to Brooklyn, Long Island City, Astona and Hunter's Point, on the east side. Willi the Perries ou the North River to Jersey City ' 11 Hack fares range from 25 cents a mtle upward; twenty blocks north and south or seven blocks between avenues count a mile. A bargain should always be made with the driver before engaging a hack. i in- h ide < cniei s. taking the Battery as the starting point, are located as follows : Shipping and Produee along the eastern and western water fronts; Oi-iin and Steamship Lines— offices near Bowling « teen, their docks mainly on the North River : IVloney ;uid soenriiies. Wall street and Broadway, South of < it y Hall; Banking and In- surance, do. ; Oil, lower end of Maiden Lane; Tobacco, Pearl, Pine and Cedar streets ; Jewel- ers, Maiden Lane and John street ; Soap, Sugar and Produce, Greenwich, Washington, Fulton and Duane streets ; Crockery, Park Place and Bar- There is a he nearly every th Visitors are welcomed to an iTisneclion of onr store and in to leave their measures for future in ordering. ROGERS, PEET & CO. * Almost every visitor to this city expects to replenish his own wurdrobe, and. perhaps, carry home an outfit for others. Ours is the only establishment in the city where is sold everything worn by the male sex — man or boy — -^CLOTHINGfo- -hFURINISHINGSio- ^HATSAND-SHOESk For goods of correct style and fit, reliable quality and reasonable prices, we are acknowledged head- quarters, and it is a convenience to find bo many This little Guide will prove a useful companion to strangers, both bv 'idiim the to see the city to best aiivuntatre and by dbrciing them to our establishment lor the supply of thi ir wants, *R0GERS,.PEET.&.C0.,r> MEN'S AND B073' QUTFITTEBS, 56D-575 BROADWAY, Opposite Metropolitan Hotel. [See Location on Map.l clay; I,eallier, between Pearl and Broadway; Newspapers, around ( it v Hull and Park Row. Root , Shoes and Saddlery occupy central Broadway and vicinities. The great whole ide Dry <>o<»d« houses take up the section hetwc n ('ana and Duane streets. The Clothing Trade, one of the most important of metropolitan manufacturing ana commercial interests, has gradually worked its way upward from the regions about Dnane anil ( hun-h streets to a tract of which Rogers, Peel & ( o/» store on I he corner of P ince street and Broadway is almost mathematically the center. Tin- scientific per- sons congregate about Second avenue and Tenih street. Artiste and the dramatic guild* are established chiefly near Union Square. The M nslcn] Instru- ment, Sewing (Vla< hlue. Milliner y and the Fine Ketail Trades general!, inhabit Union Square. Fourteenth street and Brondway and Sixth ave., down to Ninth street, and up to Twenty-third street. Starting from the Battery the visitor pa-sc* the site of Washington's Headquarters, now a magnificent pile of offices at the corner of Bowling Gr- en. On the opposite side is the new Produce Exchange, and a little higher up the tall and spacious huildingof the Standard Oil Company. The spiie of Trin'ty Church looms grandly over Wall street, where are the Sub-Treasury, the Custom House and Stock Exchange. The magnificent Mills Building on Broad and Wall, is a commercial and financial palace. The Equitable Life Insnrance Building, with the Weather Bureau in its upper story, at the corner of Cedar street, th-- Mutual at the corner of Liberty, the Coal and Iron Exchange in Cortland street, the new Boreel Building by Thames stieet, the Western Union Telegraph Building at the corner of Dey street, with the electric time ball, which falls every day at noon, the Evening Pout at Fulton, the Morse Building in Nassau, comer of Beekman, are all superb speci- mens of h siness architecture, fire-proof and commo- dious. St. Paul's Chapel, where Washington wor- shiped, faces the Park Bank and the Herald office, is dominated over by the magnitude of the Post Of- fice, which hideB the graceful old i ity Hall, that in its turn veils the Tweed County 4'ourt House and Stewart's former wholesale store. Trips to Washington Market, now rebuilding, on the West sid<\ and ro the new Fulton Market on the East, are desirable. The Iruite, fish and vegetables of every clime are here displayed and without a visit to Dorlon's Fulton Market Oyster Saloon and writing autographs in ihe famous register filled w ith the sign manual of nearly every distinguished man or woman who ever spent a week In New York, a trip to the great city would be incomplete. Retracing our steps we come to the New York ap- Broadway, Prince and Mercer Streets. How to See New York in One "Week. First Day.— Take train for Harlem at nearest station of Third ave. Elevated Itoad, returning by Second ave. Elevated Road to southern terminus, or Harlem Boat (if running) down East River, past Hell Gate, Ran- dall's, Ward sand Blackwell's Island, under Brooklyn Bridge to Fulton Ferry. Belt Line horse cars 10 Bat- tery ; Ninth avenue Elevated Road to Harlem, on west side, in view of High Bridge; and return via Sixth avenue Elevated Road to lower terminus, lunch at neighboring restaurant; and, if time, visitStock, Produce, and Cotton Exchanges, which close at 3 P. T Return up B'way by omnibus, and later promen- ade on Upper Broadway, Madison and Fif h avenue Second Bay —Omnibus down Broadway (stop- ping at Itot/ers, Pent & Co to Trimly Church. Visit Exchanges, Custom House, Sub- Treasury. Banking- and Insurance buildings on Wall street and Broadway ; walking up Broadway past St. Paul's Church, Post Office, Newspaper Offices, City Hall, Court House, etc.; take Fourth avenue I orse car near City Hall, going north, pa t "Tombs," up Bowery to Cooper Institute, Bible House and Union Square to Grand Central Depot and Forty-second street. Return south by omnibus down Madison or Fifth avenue, past Madison Square. Afternoon, shopping, or ride In Central Park. Third Day —Visit Schau*' AitStore, 74MBroadwav, Astor. Mercantile and Cooper Institute Libraries arid Bible House. See 2d ave. from St. MarkV place to Stuyvesant Square; Gramercy Park, Association Hall and Academy of Design, a' 23d street and 4th avenue. Afternoon at Central Park visiting Museums there. Fourth Day.— Brooklyn, by way of the Bridge, Greenwood Cemetery and Coney ltdand. Fifth Day.— H. Bpitals, Asylums. Workhouses and Prisons on Blackwell's, Ward's and Randall's Islands. Obtain permits and directions at office Commission- ers of Charities and Corrections, Third avenue and Eleventh street, day before, or visit Washington Mar- ket and shipping on Hudson River, in forenoon. Afternoon, at Tiffany's on Union Square, and in Art stores of Goupil, at Fifih avenue and sjid street. Sixth Day.— Excursion up Hudson River to West Point. Seventh Day.— Churches. If time permits the visitor may spend many enjoy- able hours, and secure rest from the fatigue of sight- seeing, by taking verb us short and cheap excursions, by boat or rail, with advertisements of which the daily papers abound during the season. For evening entertainments consult newspaper list of amusements. Libraries and Association Hall open evening*, and a walk through Bowery or Eighth ave- nue on Saturday night is highly interesting. T Copyright 1979 by Root & Tinker. Person, residing at a distance, into whose hands this may come, should write for onr book ofdescrlptlo for ordering Men's and Boys' Clothing, Furnishing Goods. Hal. and Shoes. Goods by Express or Jlail to a lis and prices, containing oa.j directions > point, with prlTllegs of return if Dot satisfactory. THE BEST RESULTS ARE SECURED IN THE ^^^H LARGEST COMPANY. The Mutual Life Insurance Co. OK NEW YORK, RICHARD A. MCCURDY, PRESIDENT, IS THE e . Largest Life Insurance Company in the World IT IS A MUTUAL ORGANIZATION AMD ALL the PROFITS go to the POLICY-HOLDERS. - IT HAS PAID TO THE INSURED SINCE ORGANIZATION. $230,000,000. IT HOLDS IN TRUST FOR THEM TO-DAY MORE THAN $110,000,000. The Company issues all approved forms of Policies on Life, Limited Payment Life and Endowment Plans. Its dividend periods are from five to twenty years, and its dividends are larger than those of any other Company. Charles H. Raymohd, Sih'l Ageht .-" ■ 4 iroR . , NEW YORK CITY, LONG ISLAND AND STATEN ISLAND COMPANY'S GENERAL AQENOY BUI&DINQ, , 140 TO f46 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY.