WHY SPEND $ 1500 , 000 ? The 1920 World Work Budget of Young Men’s Christian Associations of the United States and Canada Where to Find It Page Foreword How to Use This Manual Relationships The 1920 Budget Summarized Why Spend This $1,500,000? The Work by Countries Argentina Brazil Ceylon Chile China Cuba East Africa Egypt Hongkong India and Ceylon Japanese Empire Korea Mexico Palestine Peru Porto Rico Portugal Russia . South America The Near East The Philippines Turkey Uruguay Phases of Work around the World National Committees Army Work Boys’ Work City Work Educational Work Industrial Work Lecture Work in China Religious Work Rural Work Physical Work Social Service Student Work Training of Personnel .. . . Writing, Translating, and Publishing Friendly Relations among Foreign Students 1919 Financial Statement Significant Action by the Brotherhood The “Messer” Commission Cleveland Convention Springfield Employed Officers’ Conference. . . . Detroit Convention The 1920 Budget Reviewing Committee 1 2 3 6 9 13 15 16 24 17 19 22 22 32 23 24 27 28 29 32 17 35 35 36 13 30 33 31 IS 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 55 55 55 56 56 Additional copie* may be secured from FOREIGN DEPARTMENT International Committee of Young Men s Christian Associations 347 Madison Avenue, New York. 1 Foreword This manual is prepared primarily for those whose responsibility it is to make the World Work a vital force in the local Young Men’s Christian Associations of the United States and Canada. It supplies the informa- tion necessary to a clear understanding of the program and budget. General secretaries, chairmen of World Work committees, and foreign secretaries, particularly, will find it useful. The 1920 budget— $1 ,468,780.72— is too large to be grasped as a whole. The usual budget statements which show merely the amounts under formal classifications of ex- penditure, because of brevity, convey almost no meaning and in no adequate way explain or justify the outlay of so much money. On the other hand, the source facts and figures from which the budget was formulated are far too extensive and complex for practical use. As a prism breaks light into the spectrum, bringing out its elements and its beauty, so these pages, it is hoped, will show clearly the natural divisions of the budget by countries and phases of work, and reveal in a new and more challenging way the attractive oppor- tunity for Christian investment afforded by this world-wide program of varied service to men and boys. A second major purpose for this manual is to announce a new plan of relationships between donors in North America and Asso- ciation work on the field. The enlargement of responsibility of National Committees of other countries and growth in their import- ance make a new definition of these re- lationships desirable. The first few pages, therefore, are given to a discussion of the breakdown of the old and an explanation of the new relationships. How to Use This Manual Anyone desiring to make serious and effective use of this booklet should acquaint himself thoroughly with its fundamental ideas and arrangement. First in order is to know about the ties which bind those who give the money to the work on the field. The chapter on relationships is therefore first in place and importance. Practically all of the remaining pages are devoted to the explanation of the 1920 budget . First , the budget is summarized under such main divisions as personnel, ad- ministration, home base functions, etc., with suitable explanatory paragraphs, the idea being to answer at once most of the general questions which arise about the whole pro- jected cost for the year. This is followed by reasons for spending the whole sum, with the end in view of getting numerous gifts which will not be restricted to secretaries, cities, or countries, but applied to the work at large. Then in alphabetical order appear the countries, amount spent in each, and good talking points why the work should be carried on. Phases of work around the world are also listed with their aggregate amounts and information about each. The closing pages furnish useful data, resolutions, etc. To re-state in a sentence — this is a handbook designed to provide about every- thing needed for successful personal inter- views or public addresses. It is not for popular distribution; but for workers only. In the hands of consecrated, energetic men, it should accomplish its mission — to help win the entire Association Brotherhood to a deep sense of its obligation to the young men of t^e world, and to establish in the United States and Canada an adequate financial base. 3 Relationships Between Donors aiul Association Work in Other Lands The Old Relationships From the beginning of the Association Foreign Work the securing of funds for its support was based upon the simple and attractive idea of the mainte- nance of individual secretaries. Association and individual contributors alike approved of the prin- ciple of personal representation on the field. From the standpoint of financing the work, the “human interest” element served so well the ends of money- getting, the weaknesses involved were overlooked, or in the earlier stages of growth did not exist. As the years passed, however, the growth in volume anti scope of the work and in annual ex- penditures brought complex problems in connec- tion with the old relationships. Modification of some kind became a necessity. Particular points of failure 1. Changes in personnel occur from year to year, owing to health and other personal reasons, some men returning to America permanently. Exigencies of administration on the field compel shifts in location and responsibility. 2. A study of relationships shows some close ties between individual or Association contributors and particular secreta- ries, but in the main personal representation on the field has not fixed a sense of responsibility on the part of donors. 3 . Variation in the amounts that Associations and individ- uals can give from year to year causes shortages and excesses and difficulty in crediting to individual secretarial budgets. 4. Secretarial budgets vary in accordance with size of families, differences in rents, exchange, and other costs of living as between countries and even cities within the same country, etc. The “budget of a foreign secretary”cannot therefore become a standard amount. Under the plan of “personal support” this has caused much misunderstanding. 5. “Personal representation,” to be significant, involves exchange of letters. The secretary is poorly equipped for this and even may be an ineffective correspondent. In some cases his work does not lend itself to attractive reporting. If he doesn’t write at all, his constituency thinks the under- standing has not been lived up to, or if letters are unsatis- factory, the money poorly invested. On the other hand, contributors often give their money but not themselves, and a one-sided correspondence breaks down or becomes perfunc- tory. 6. The whole budget of the Foreign Work is no longer covered when the budgets of all the individual secretaries are provided, as was true in the earlier stages when a small staff was conducting a few lines of work. Maintenance of personnel now requires only about two-thirds of the whole 4 annual expenditure. The other third provides for the needs of the growing national committees of the countries served, the increased cost in America of general administration and the raising of the larger budget, and our share of inter-board operations at home and abroad. Analysis of existing relationships The projection of a new plan of relationships was based upon a careful study of income and its distribution to objects on the field. Such assign- ments were found to number 729. Of these relation- ships, 228 were considered significant; 101 nominal; 251 were already assigned to “Foreign Work” in general; 149 involved the relationship to secreta- ries assigned as “correspondent” only. Of the 729 total cases, 294 were Association and 435 individual. Of the significant list, 93 were Associa- tion and 135 individual. The New Relationships The new plan here set forth represents the best judgment of the Administrative Council of the Foreign Department based on careful studies, and corrected by the criticism of returned secretaries and leaders of Associations in this country. It is believed that these new relationships will eventual- ly give contributors a more intelligent interest in the whole program of Association service abroad, and that the income will be relieved of those ham- pering restrictions which are so intimately and un- avoidably a part of “personal representation” and the “supporting relationship.” I. Those existing relationships between sec- retaries on the field and individual and Association contributors which are vital in nature shall be main- tained. II. The remaining established relation- ships shall be changed as rapidly as possible in harmony with the classification below. III. The enlistment of support and the maintenance of interest shall be governed by the following standard classification of objects. i Class A — The w hole Foreign Work of the Young Men’s Christian Associations The dominant challenging objective for which unrestricted gifts shall be sought. No restrictions of any character are permitted under this classification. Class B — The whole w’ork within a country Provides for the limitation of gifts to the work within a country. Further restriction removes a gift from Class B. Class C — Phases of work around the world Gifts to finance particular kinds of work, such as Training of Secretaries around the world, regardless of location. 5 Class D — Phases of work within a country Gifts restricted to any particular phase of work within any country, such as Student Work. This classification includes all grants for work of National Committees. Class E — The work of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students This Committee has its special budget which is included as a part of the whole Foreign Work Budget. No gifts for other kinds of work can be credited to Class E. Class F — The Budget for Home Administra- tion All gifts for whatever phase of Home Administration are in Class F. Class G — The work in specific cities and pro- vinces All gifts limited to work within a particular city or province are in Class G. While this classification does not involve so many complications as the support of the work of individual secretaries, next to Class H it is the least desirable. Class H — The work of individual secretaries All gifts for the support of individuals are in Class H. This is the least desirable classification because of the difficul- ties pointed out under the heading “The Old Relationships.” Special Note. It is understood that any surplus funds in Classes B to H automatically revert to Class A. It should always be remembered that the whole cost of a specific work is not shown in the item budgeted for it. There are always general expenses involved, such as the proportion of the cost of the National Committees and of Home Base Functions in America. Since all deficits are made up from Class A, it is only fair to provide this condition. IV. Education and maintenance of in- terest. The interest of individual and Associa- tion contributors shall be maintained and in- creased by two principal methods: 1. Correspondence directly from the field. That there may be direct contact with the work on the field, one or more specially qualified secre- taries shall be designated to correspond with in- dividuals and Associations whose support is sub- stantial and regular, to keep them informed about the progress of the work, its achievements, prob- lems, difficulties, and opportunities. 2. Special educational matter sent from New York headquarters. The Home Base Divi- sion of Education will provide Associations and individual contributors with adequate information about the world- wide program, through corre- spondence, pictures, special reports and pamphlets and exhibits. 6 The 1920 Budget Summarized I. Maintaining Foreign Sec- retaries on the Field . $957,909.22 Foreign secretaries are not paid for sen-ice; they are supported in a life work. Each has a personal budget made up of two principal items: salary and allowances. The salary, which covers living expenses, exclusive of items referred to below, is based on the equivalent of $1,200 in America. The amount varies as between countries, determined by the purchasing power of the American gold dollar. The allowances are for each child, for house-rent, medical service, instruction in the language (usually in a school), and for part of vacation cost (urgent in these trying climates). This plan of a uniform salary and varying allowances puts all on the same basis and insures flexibility under widely varying conditions. To meet the rising cost of living, special grants have been made to the men in every country. These have added considerably to the total cost of maintaining the health and effectiveness of the foreign secretaries. Note: In comparing the cost of foreign secretaries with that of other missionaries, the following points should be considered. For the most part our men live in the larger cities where costs are higher than in the smaller places. The Y. M. C. A. owns very few residences and is compelled to rent at the high prices charged to foreigners. Physicians and hospital treat- ment, a large item, available to missionaries without cost through the physicians attached to mission stations, must be paid for by Association secretaries. The nature of the work, involving intimate association with officials, business men, and foreigners to an extent not true of the ma- jority of missionaries, adds to their personal and official expenses. Loss in exchange is in the aggregate a very large sum. The estimated cost in 1920 on personnel alone is $177,637.42. The steadily rising price of silver since the early days of the War is responsible for this. For exam- ple, in 1915 a secretary in China received $2.40 Mexican for each American dollar of salary. Early in 1920 the price of silver per ounce was $1.39, making silver bullion worth more than gold bullion, and requiring $1.11 American gold to put $1.00 Mexican into the hands of a secretary in China. Our best advisers hold out no hope for relief during the cur- rent year. II. Grants to National Committees . . . $186,857.50 This amount represents only a fraction of the total spent by the Na- tional Committees, which raise on the field more thau half of the amount needed. The International Committee shares in the expense of special enterprises, particularly the projection of new lines of work which cannot support themselves until a constituency is developed, and in fundamentally important phases of the work, such as the training of native secretaries, the production of Christian literature, and providing scholarships to enable promising secretaries of experience to complete their studies in America. (For further discussion of the National Committees and their functions see page 37). III. Special Appropriations . $13,590.00 There are four groups of Special Appropriations 1. For Widows and Orphans . ($7,040.00) Men are called into Association foreign service with the expectation that they will make it their life work. The policy of the International Committee* therefore, is to care for the families of secretaries who die in the service. Of the 317 secretaries who from the beginning have been in this service, eight have died on the field. To their widows and orphans the Committee makes annual grants varying in accordance with their needs. 7 2. Inter-Mission Board Activities ($3,400.00) This is the Association's share of union projects in which all Mission Boards working on a field participate, such as the Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America. 3. Visitation of the Field . . ($3,000.00) This provides traveling expenses of administrative secretaries who must make occasional trips to the various fields. 4. Publications for Foreign Secretaries ($150.00) IV. Contingent Fund . . $20,000.00 This fund serves as a "financial cushion" from which to meet those in- evitable expenses which cannot be foreseen. V. Drafts in Transit on Account of 1919 $20,000.00 At the end of 1919 drafts approximating $20,000 were made by the national offices on the field. These could not be paid until presented in New York; consequently this amount was carried forward into the 1920 budget. VI. Home Base Functions . . $270,424.00 1 . General Administration of the Foreign Work . . ($14,536.00) This item represents the cost of the general administration of the whole Foreign Work, including the budget of the chief executive secretary of the Foreign Department and his clerical staff, and only a nominal amount, $1,200, toward the overhead expenses of the International Committee as a whole. No charge is made against the Foreign Budget on account of the services of the General Secretary, John R. Mott, and his associate, Fletcher S. Brockman. 2. Foreign Correspondence and Administration of Work on the Field . . ($34,067.00) Correspondence with our staff on the field, maintaining relationships with the National Committees, and working out the administrative details, requires the attention of a considerable staff, all but two of whom are men home on furlough, whose salaries are not chargeable to this account. A great volume of correspondence is involved. This includes the cost of disbursing and accounting. 3. Personnel: Recruiting and Training .... ($17,930.00) Under this head are grouped the expenses of finding, calling, and training new secretaries for the foreign field. The biggest item in this budget is for the annual conference of outgoing and furlough secretaries. Much of the time of the personnel secretary is given to counseling about the best use of furloughs and in adjusting the numerous personal problems. 4. Research and World Survey . ($11,610.00) A vast amount of accurate and detailed information about many sub- jects is essential to the proper administration of a world-wide work. Gather- ing. analyzing, and organizing this material requires the maintenance of a Division of Research and Information employing specialists. In conjunc- 8 tion with the Interchureh World Movement this Division is now making a survey of the world which will have important bearings on the future policy and program of Association work in other countries. 5. Information and Publicity . ($24,235.00) The field of operation of the Foreign Work is so far removed from its base in the North American Associations, it becomes necessary to maintain a continuous program of information and interpretation of the work and the needs in these numerous countries, the problems of which are little known at home. This budget provides for the duplication of reports, the preparation of special pamphlets and exhibits, and the maintenance of several lines of general publicity. The new relationships between donors and work on the field, described on page 2, are made effective through the staff financed by this budget. 6. Raising and Collecting the Money . . . ($114,317.00) Insistent calls for expansion during the next three years make imperative broadening the financial base in America. To this end the organization has been strengthened by establishing five regional offices in the United States and one in Canada, with permanent experienced secretaries whose salaries, travel and office expenses make up most of the increase over pre- ceding years. The regional secretaries, by training and personal direction, will make the furlough secretaries (on whose unaided labors alone we can no longer depend) more productive while in America and more effective on the field. The continuous closer contact of these regional secretaries with local Associations, by aiding in reorganizing Foreign Work forces which disintegrated during the War, and by helping non-participating Associa- tions to establish Foreign Work programs, will bring cumulative results. Particular attention is called to the fact that $12,000 is budgeted for interest, because of the tendency on the part of local Associations to raise their money late in the year, which necessitates borrowing during the first half of the year. In 1919, $441,812.07, one third of the total receipts reached New York in December. The remainder of this amount covers the usual expenses of financial operations — correpondence, postage, telegrams, records, etc. 7. Inspirational Program in Local Associations . . ($16,229.00) The operations of the financial organization of the Foreign Work, especial- ly through the visitation and speaking of furlough secretaries, make a distinct inspirational contribution to the life of local Associations and through them to their communities. That the public is awakening to a sense of world responsibility is evidenced by the number of calls on Foreign Work representatives for addresses before Chambers of Commerce, Rotary and other clubs, churches and Association groups. More and more local Associations are recognizing the reflex spiritual values of a World Work program. The visit to a city of a secretary from another country, though primarily for the purpose of securing financial support, is an event of true religious significance. The amount budgeted under this division was determined by using a fraction which was judged to represent the approximate time spent by staff and regional secretaries in making possible this service. 8. Committee on Friendly Re- lations among Foreign Students ($37,500.00) This highly appreciated Committee serves helpfully the more than 10,000 students from over 100 nations in 500 colleges and universities of the United States and Canada. Special secretaries who know the languages and particular problems of the different nationalities are employed. More detailed information of the functions and program of this Committee_is given on page 52. Total Budget $1,468,780.72 Why Spend This $1,500,000 ? 9 1. The year 1920 is most critical in many respects for our world program. It is a time of transition from the War to reconstruction. The War has effected profound changes in every country in Asia, as well as in Europe. 2. Japan is at the crossroads today, facing the second great crisis in her national history. She must choose between autocracy and democracy, between militarism and freedom in her whole na- tional policy. 3. China faces a greater crisis. She has undertaken a sudden plunge from the medieval into the modern world; into a republican form of government without preparation, education, Chris- tianization. Her government is unstable; her best social and religious foundations unable to furnish a basis equal to the demands of modern national life. 4. India is entering upon a new era of responsible government, which is practically Home Rule on the installment plan. The grave question is whether Hinduism, or any of the eight non- Christian religions, can furnish an adequate basis for national life or produce the leadership for this one-fifth of the human race. 5. South America’s unsolved problems — civic, social, educational, and moral — require the attention of thoughtful, earnest leaders who recog- nize the menace where illiteracy is prevalent, the lottery' and race course foster gambling, the con- sumption of liquor increases, vice flourishes un- checked by' popular disapproval, and life is under- cut by the loss of religious conviction. 6. In the Near East the missionaries have pointed out four chief factors for building a new civilization in this danger zone of the world. They are the colleges, the churches, the philanthropic relief work, and the Y. M. C. A. The latter fur- nishes a unique platform for the educated leaders and points of contact, lines of approach, and ave- nues of helpful ministry for bringing together the best elements of all faiths for the regeneration and reform of the Near East. 7. By' raising up trained Christian leaders and providing a well-tested program of practical service, the Y. M. C. A. makes a contribution 10 which exactly meets the fundamental personal and social needs of these days which are so critical in most countries. As a recognized agency of the Church, the Association has for many years exer- cised a growing influence in the world. Today it works in twenty different lands under the guidance of 196 expert American secretaries. 8. The Association never enters a country except at the call of the united missionary body. One of the problems has been to keep up with the calls. The language of these calls is significant. The first call came from representatives of the Protestant Churches in Madras, India, in 1888, in the following resolution: “That the Conference has heard with much pleasure of the proposal on the part of the Y.M.C.A’s. of America. Con- sidering that this Conference has on many occasions called the attention of the churches to the existence of a well-pre- pared field among the educated non-Christian young men of Madras, and begged them to send a special agency to work it, it regards this proposal as a providential response to their appeals and it will gratefully welcome such well qualified, thoroughly trained agents as the American Y.M.C.A’s propose to send and it will give them its cordial sympathy and cooperation.” The China Centenary Missionary Conference at Shanghai, in 1907, resolved that: “The Young Men’s Christian Associations in helping to win to Christ and to the service of the Church young men in cities and students in China and abroad; in working under the leadership of the missionaries to stimulate voluntary Christian effort among students in Christian schools and colleges; in helping to make these institutions recruiting stations for the Christian ministry; in preparing and publishing Bible study courses especially adapted to the needs of young men; in holding annual conferences for the training of leaders and the deepening of the spiritual life; and in other ways, is providing a most effective agency of the Church, and should be extended as opportunity and resources permit, care being taken in all cases to secure intimate relations between the Young Men’s Christian Associations and the other work of the Church.” The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Brazil, in 1910: “Resolved to request the International Committee of Y.M.C.A’s of New York, to send out more secretaries for the work among Brazilian young men.” The Metropolitan of Athens, head of the Greek Orthodox Church, in a letter dated at Athens, January 16, 1919, said: “Referring to our yesterday’s conversation in regard to Y.M.C.A. work in Greece, in the course of which we discussed the views of persons of eminence in our city, I hope you have carried away the firm impression that our country is in need of such an organization for the moral development of the young men and for the systematic application of a philanthropic work, and that we nave in common the desire to begin this work. 11 “I, myself, with many other eminent clergymen during our trip to America, having studied the organization and being convinced by personal observation that no conversion what- ever from dogma to dogma is intended, and that the object of their work is philanthropic and the moral uplift of young men — have returned with the decision to give our full and hearty support to the establishment of simdar organizations in Greece. ... I hope within a few years people all over Greece will finally come to realize the expediency and need of the Y.M.C.A. work in our country.” 9. Dr. Mott epitomizes the principles of the World Work as follows: 1. This is a work for men and boys exclusively. 2. It is by young men for young men. 3. It is a lay work in which the laity is the governing influence. 4. Jesus Christ, the only divine Saviour and Lord, is the cornerstone. 5. The Movement goes out to serve the Church of Jesus Christ. 0. It stands for interdenominationalism, not for undenominationalism. 7. The Movement recognizes its mission to all classes of society. 8. It recognizes that its mission is to the whole man. 9. It stands for international cooperation. 10. Its purpose is to plant these principles: not to do the work ourselves, but to raise up a native work. 10. Nationally, the United States and Canada are under peculiar obligation to exert their maximum influence in world affairs today, because of their political and social ideals, wealth, leadership, and strength of Christian organization. “He who has knowledge that is essential to the wel- fare of his fellowmen is under solemn obligation to convey that knowledge to them,” truly says Dr. Arthur J. Brown, the Oriental authority. 11. To benefit the world, this idealism must have adequate, dependable channels through which to flow. It is an accepted fact that such contacts as diplomacy, business, and general travel are in- sufficient and fundamentally ineffective from a Christian standpoint. Dr. William P. Merrill wrote of one of these international influences: “An army pushing its victorious advance finds one stubborn stronghold which resists; and it realizes that it must capture that one center of resistance or its advance is imperiled. So Christianity, advancing to the control of the world’s life, halts before this great citadel of International Relationships where pagan forces are still strongly intrenched; and it realizes 12 that the whole program and hope of Christian Redemption are held back, thwarted, imperiled, until that fortress is reduced.” 12. The Y. M. C. A. has proved itself both dependable and adequate. In the words of Galen M. Fisher, the Y. M. C. A. is engaged in “one of the most delicate tasks in spiritual engineering — building bridges which shall join the hearts of dif- ferent races.” It is particularly useful and effec- tive in its ministry to the three classes which the Church has asked it to major upon: students, gov- ernment officials, and business men. Is it not sig- nificant that these three groups hold both the present and the potential power controlling the destinies of awakening nations? In view of these facts does not $1,468,780.72 seem a paltry investment for Christian North America? Today the world calls us. Tomorrow the doors may close. To stabilize and provide amply for this whole budget, generous support is needed from Associa- tions and individuals who, viewing the entire 'task of the Y. M. C. A. in other lands, will be willing to make their gifts in proportion to the size of the whole undertaking and to have them used without restriction. Statesmanship dictates the need of financial response such as the following. 2 at $50,000 = $100,000 4 U 25,000 = 100,000 5 a 20,000 = 100,000 15 u 10,000 = 150,000 25 u 5,000 = 125,000 100 u 3,000 = 300,000 100 u 2,500 = 250,000 100 u 1,500 = 150,000 150 u 1,000 = 150,000 150 u 500 = 75,000 651 $1,500,000 13 The Work by Countries South America . . . $58,751.00 1. “The continent of opportunity,” South America, has about 50,000,000 people in the ten republics and three European crown colonies. It is fabulously rich in minerals, forests, and agri- cultural possibilities, and has the largest unexplored areas in the world. 2. Vast streams of immigration from Europe and Asia will undoubtedly pour into South America during the next twenty-five years. There in the unrestricted mingling of races and nationalities will be found a vital test of democracy. 3. South America’s pre-war suspicions of imperialistic tendencies and distrust of the Monroe Doctrine of the United States were, by our entrance into the War, transformed into an appreciation of our real character and motives. Today the high tide of kindly feeling of these peoples toward the United States offers an unprecedented opportunity for business and for what Vanderlip calls “impon- derable exports and imports” — that mutually beneficial exchange of ideas and ideals. 4 The destinies of these peoples are direct- ed by from ten to twenty-five per cent of their population — the educated young men — the special field of the Y. M. C. A. 5. The student class is our greatest challenge in South America. While some university profes- sors believe they must destroy all religious belief, the Association offers a virile gospel of service which is winning the strongest students. 6. The beginnings of industry in South America have been accompanied by industrial un- rest, strikes, and social and economic problems similar to our own. Babson says the United States needs religion to stabilize its industry. How much greater is the need for religion in South America, where utter lack of religious conviction precludes a basis for moral standards. Christian character is the great need. 7. Generous support is given by business men who back our w r ork financially and personally. Notable were the gifts of time and money to the building funds of Rio de Janeiro and Montevideo, the former raising $116,000 in nine days, the ♦This amount is for the continental supervisory work only. 14 latter $100,000 in fifteen days. These countries have abundant financial resources to support their own Associations. What they lack is trained leadership. The United States and Canada can furnish these leaders and must support them until the foundations are secure. 8. Community service has a large place in the South American Association program. Play- grounds were introduced by it. Its anti-illiteracy and thrift campaigns have stimulated governments to action. During epidemics it has helped organize and carry on public relief. The President of Bra- zil was particularly impressed by the effective service of the Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo Associa- tions during the 1919 influenza epidemic. 9. Confidence in its leadership makes lead- ing statesmen, professional men, and men of af- fairs friends of the Association. Gastao da Cunha, Brazilian Ambassador to Portugal, said: “When for the first time I heard of the Young Men’s Chris- tian Association in Brazil I felt it my duty to hold myself aloof from it, as I feared its proselytizing character, for 1 am a devout Roman Catholic. But, as I came to know more of its work, and came in contact with its leaders, I became an enthusiastic supporter.” 10. The Panama Congress on Christian Work in Latin America in 1916 called on the Young Men’s Christian Association, “which is measurably free from any suspicion of sectarian propaganda” and has “special opportunities in colleges,” to ex- tend its work into government schools and other strategic centers. Twenty-six cities were selected in which model Associations should be organized. This would require a staff of seventy-five secreta- ries and physical directors. Today the Association has twenty secretaries in eight cities of four coun- tries. 11. A Continental Federation unites all the Associations of South America. There is a staff of four American and two Latin continental sec- retaries. Headquarters and Training School are in Montevideo, Uruguay. For the support of the continental work, including the maintenance of the Training School, $58,751 is needed. Suggested subscriptions: 2 at $10,000 = $20,000 4 “ 5,000 = 20,000 5 “ 3,000 = 15,000 1 “ 1,500 = 1,500 2 “ 1,000 = 2,000 14 * 58,500 15 Argentina .... $15,650.00 1. With an area about one-third that of the United States, Argentina has a population of 9,574,000. Buenos Aires, the capital and metropo- lis, has over 1,500,000. Cattle and wheat are the two principal products. American packing com- panies are heavily interested. 2. The Y. M. C. A. was begun in 1901 among the students of the University of Buenos Aires. The next year the city Association was or- ganized. There are now five American secretaries, two of them supported locally, and thirteen Ar- gentine secretaries, five of them “university men who have caught the spirit of service, have come to be men of faith in God, and given their lives to the Movement.” There are forty-six other em- ployes. The Physical Department trained a young Czech who has become the Association physical director in Valparaiso, Chile. The 1918 budget was $63,000, all of which was secured in Buenos Aires. 3. Of the 2,780 members, 779 are students; eighty-five per cent are Argentines. There is usually a waiting list of from 100 to 500 because the building, completed in 1912 and supplemented by 4,000 square feet in an adjoining building, cannot accommodate all who would be members. Of the 2,400 members who are Latins, 1 ,058 indicated they are Roman Catholics, 202 “Christian” (meaning Roman Catholic), 130 Evangelicals, 155 scattering, 474 “nothing.” There are more than 400 boys in the membership, work for whom has been limited by lack of equipment to physical work twice a week and a fifteen-minute character talk. 4. The field of the Student Association is 25,500 university and high-school men. “Socially and morally their chief constructive ally is the Young Men’s Christian Association. Through a social service movement enrolling over 100 leading students the Association is turning the attention of this generation of students to a serious considera- tion of the social and moral problems of the nation.” Cooperation is given to various government and private social agencies. Suggested subscriptions : 2 at S3, 000 = $6,000 3 “ 1,500 = 4,500 3 “ 1,000 = 3,000 4 “ 500 = 2,000 12 $15,500 16 Brazil $54,457.82 1. Larger than the United States, Brazil’s population is only 26,542,402. Three-fourths of the world’s coffee and one-half of its supply of rubber are produced in Brazil. Other products are cocoa, tea, nuts, cabinet-woods, and cattle. 2. The first Y. M. C. A. in South America was organized in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, in 1891. Today there are four Associations with eight American and eight Brazilian secretaries. 3. The membership of the four Associations totals 5,332. A recent campaign in Sao Paulo brought in 1,057 members, notwithstanding the fact that the Association has nothing like adequate equipment and only one American secretary. Two American physical directors are sailing early this year in response to urgent requests for their help in Recife and Sao Paulo. 4. The only Association building is in Rio, and this is to be replaced by a modern structure for which $116,000 was raised in nine days, two years ago, to claim a gift of like amount from the United States. The other Associations must have buildings soon. 5. For the Brazilian Navy the Association gave two lectures on sex hygiene attended by every officer and man, including Admiral Frontin, who later borrowed the plates and issued a special Navy edition of one of our pamphlets on the subject. At a reception given by the Rio Association to the Brazilian fleet returning from the War, Admiral Frontin said that after the Association introduced its program of games the men who formerly did everything to escape drill, caught the spirit. “And thus did the Association do much to promote a better morale among the men.” 6. Brazil’s two leading statesmen, Dr. Ruy Barbosa and Dr. Jose Carlos Rodrigues, agree that the War has brought to many minds a more serious attitude toward religion. The resulting question- ing of the old materialistic views and greater readiness to give a fair hearing to things spiritual constitute, after all, the great imperative chal- lenge to the Association. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $5,000 = $5,000 5 U 3,000 = 15,000 10 a 1 ,500 = 15,000 12 u 1,000 = 12,000 15 u 500 = 7,500 43 $54,500 17 Chile $9,796.18 1. Extending 1500 miles along the western coast of South America, Chile has an area and population equaling the states of California, Ore- gon, and Washington. The wealth of the country is chiefly in its minerals. The nitrates alone ex- ported from the northern deserts in 1915 were valued at $70,388,385. Mining, agriculture, and timber follow in the order named. 2. The Y. M. C. A. began in Valparaiso in 1910. In 1917 a secretary began to establish stu- dent work in Santiago, the capital and seat of the National University from which have graduated all of Chile’s political, professional, and business leaders. 3. Valparaiso Association is backed by missionaries, pastors, government officials, labor federation leaders, student leaders, business and professional men. Seventy-four per cent of the expenses are paid by the members themselves. The balance, $4,944, is given by the business houses. 4. One young man said to the secretary: “I know of ten young men who have told me that they are saving 100 pesos a month by belonging to the Associa- tion. The reason — if they did not come to the Association they would go to the bar after work and shake cocktails. Three or four evenings a week at the bar would soon make the hundred pesos. Besides, after gym class, bowling game, or other form of recreation at the Association one sleeps bet- ter and is better fit for work the next day.” Three hundred and fifty members subscribed to this test. One man who knows says, “I am sure that at least 150 of these men have quit drinking and are leading clean lives since they joined the Association.” There are 30,000 young men in Valparaiso to whom the Association’s influence should be extended. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $5,000 = $5,000 1 “ 3,000 = 3,000 2 “ 1,000 = 2,000 4 $10,000 Peru $5,685.00 1. The land of the Incas is about as big as the United States east of the Mississippi, and has a population of about 5,000,000, largely the descen- dants of the old Spanish conquerors and the Indians who still mourn the glories of their past. Formerly the most important of the Spanish viceroyalties 18 in South America, Peru is very rich in minerals and agricultural possibilities. The principal exports are cocoa, rubber, coffee, copper, silver, and petroleum. Trade with the United States exceeds that with all the rest of the world. 2. For nearly two decades the Y. M. C. A. has been pressed to establish work in Lima, the national capital, which is called “The City of Kings.” From this “central metropolis of the Andes,” one of the oldest universities in the Western hemisphere sends its graduates far and wide through Latin America. 3. The first Y. M. C. A. secretary will begin work in Lima this year. He is assured of a cordial welcome and adequate support, 163 leading business men having only recently renewed the urgent peti- tion on behalf of the young men of their city. A physical director should also be sent this year to cooperate with Carlos Caceres, a young Peruvian who, catching a vision of what physical education might mean to his country, has studied for two years at Springfield Training School and is re- turning this year as Director of Physical Education for the Peruvian Government. Suggested subscriptions: 2 at $3,000 = $6,000 Uruguay ..... $9,385.00 1. “The Switzerland of South America,” Uruguay is the smallest of the ten republics, having only 72,153 square miles and a population of 1,378,808, one quarter of whom live in Montevideo, the capital. An agricultural country, the principal products are wheat, cotton, linseed, cattle, horses, mules, wine, tobacco, and olives. 2. The Y. M. C. A. was started in 1908 in Montevideo. The membership is small — only 550 — because of the small rented quarters. These are to be replaced with a new modern building on one of the principal streets, $100,000 for which was raised in a short popular campaign in 1917. This was the first demonstration of popular giving through an organized campaign in South America, most South American philanthropiesformerly having been secured from the governments or proceeds from lotteries. The Association building campaign plan and organization were later adopted by the leaders of the various war work funds for which hundreds of thousands of dollars were raised. 3. The development of playgrounds is per- haps the greatest contribution of the Association 19 to the national life. Through the cooperation of a National Committee on Public Health and J. T. Hopkins, former Y. M. C. A. physical direc- tor at Montevideo, now continental physical di- rector, eleven playgrounds are now functioning in Montevideo and other cities are establishing them. Suggested subscriptions : 1 at $3,000 = $3,000 1 U 1,500 = 1,500 2 u 1,000 = 2,000 6 u 500 = 3,000 10 $9,500 China $618,370.03 1. One-fourth of the human race lives in China, the largest single homogeneous mass of humanity in the world. 2. China’s mineral resources rival those of the United States. Her coal is inexhaustible. Her iron ore deposits contain more than 750,000,000 tons. She has a monopoly of antimony, and great quantities of salt and natural gas. 3. This ancient nation whose history ante- dates that of Greece, Babylonia, and Egypt, and whose culture has influenced the whole of Asia as that of Greece influenced Europe, is today at the crisis of her history. Former American Minister to China Reinsch wrote: “There have been many great crises in history, but none comparable to the drama which is now being enacted in the Far East, and upon the outcome of which depends the wel- fare, not only of a country or of a section of the race, but of mankind.” 4. China has confidence in America, and is asking for our help. Dr. Wellington Koo, China’s Ambassador at Washington, said: “China trusts the United States because the American flag has never floated over anything in China more worldly than a schoolhouse or a hospital.” 5. The Church called the Y. M. C. A. to aid in reaching three strategic groups — the officials, students, and business men. The China Centenary Missionary Conference held in Shanghai in 1907, adopted the resolution given on page 10. 6. The practicability of the program of the Association in China is evidenced by: a. The number of Associations — 187 (28 city, 159 student). b. The secretarial leadership — 108 foreigners 20 (86 supported by American Associations and 22 allocated by Mission Boards) and over 300 able Chinese secretaries. c. The Y. M. C. A. in China is an autonomous movement, being entirely self-directing through national and local committees of Chinese. In 1918 they raised for current expenses $500,000. The local work is completely self-supporting. In the United War Work Fund campaign of 1918, asked for $100,000, China gave $1,426,996, as an evidence of her friendship for America, and to a considerable extent as an expression of her appreciation of the Y. M. C. A. d. In 1919 the student Associations enrolled 8,270 in Bible classes, and there were 3,370 active personal workers, and 1,560 decisions for the Christian life. e. The city Associations enrolled in Bible study 9,548 men and boys, and in educational classes 8,074. 7. Who are the members? Better proof could not be found of the varied contacts of foreign Associ- ations than this analysis of the membership of one of our Association’s 1,290 members: Students 510 Lawyers 29 Business men 294 Laborers 28 Teachers and Literati 114 Military officers 25 Officials 89 Christian workers 21 Physicians 37 Engineers 21 Clerks 36 Miscellaneous 42 Railway and Post Office employes 34 Less than 100 of these men are Christians. Among the others are many whose only contact with Christianity or Christian people is in the Y. M. C. A. 8. The Y. M. C. A. a pioneer in China. It first taught students to play games. It conducted the first athletic field meet. It erected the first modern gymnasium for Chinese. It built the only swimming pool for Chinese. It trained the first playground directors in China . It opened the first nignt schools. It developed the first all-round work for boys. It opened the first supervised game room for boys. It conducted the first national lecture campaign. It is the first missionary enterprise to become self-supporting and put its work under the control of the Chinese. 9. China’s age-old respect for the printed page is used to advantage. In 1918 Association Press of China sold 599,818 books and pamphlets, containing 14,411,183 pages. The official monthly organ of the Association, Association Progress, is read by the leaders of the country. 21 10. Opinions of men who know. Dr. J. A. Macdonald, editor of the Toronto Globe: “The world cannot be made safe for democracy until China has been made safe for its own peaceful peoples, and for all law-abiding strangers.” Millard’s Review, one of the leading weeklies published in the Far East: “One of the most important influences for good among the Chinese is the Young Men’s Christian Association.” C. Bertrand Thompson, Efficiency Expert, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration: “After traveling about China and seeing the various orga- nizations out here, I have come to the conclusion that your work is one of the best organized and most efficient institutions I have seen in China, or anywhere in the world for that matter.” Hon. Amos P. Wilder, United States Consul- General at Shanghai: “The Young Men’s Christian Association is at its best in the cities of China; it attracts to its membership young men, many of whom will be leaders in the new order. “Viewed as a financial investment, the support of these centers should appeal to business men who wish to see the leaven of progress injected into China. “To those who consider religious value, the diverting of these potential Chinese lads — many of them from a setting of deceit, vice, and selfish comfort to the standards that culminate in reverent, modest, frank Christian manhood — eager to rush to the needs of the Chinese people, this is the supreme thing. To see the West and East thus conferring together has brought the tears more than once to my own eyes. During the eight years I have been in China I have seen the Association in operation. I fail to convey my meaning unless it is under- stood that the Association Movement in China is one of the major forces in Asia — ranking in significance with Perry’s opening of Japan.” 11. “Christianity only can solve China’s problems. May our generation be wise enough to grasp this fully and pay the price.” The Y.M.C. A. is peculiarly adapted to interpret the principles of Christianity to China. Its service should be strengthened and rapidly extended to all the great centers of influence in this nation. Suggested subscriptions : 2 at $25,000 = $ 50,000 5 a 20,000 = $100,000 5 u 15,000 = 75,000 10 u 10,000 = 100,000 15 u 5,000 = 75,000 40 a 3,000 = 120,000 20 a 1,500 = 30,000 35 u 1,000 = 35,000 67 u 500 = 33,500 199 $618,500 22 Cuba $5,139.91 1. Cuba, with 44,215 square miles, has a population a little greater than the State of New Jersey, 3,627,536. The principal products are sugar, tobacco, coffee, cocoa, potatoes, and fruits, though minerals and timber add largely to the exports. 2. The Y. M. C. A. was organized in Havana in 1904. Havana is a city of magnificent clubs, the life insurance, entertainment and other fea- tures of which attract thousands of members. Two of them have as many as 30,000 members. Notwithstanding these handicaps the Association has steadily grown. Its new building opened in 1915 is already hopelessly outgrown. 3. Service to men of many tongues and colors, including many from our own country, is one of the features of our work in Havana, the Association having to take the place of seamen’s mission, the Salvation Army, and similar organiza- tions, no one of which exists in the city. 4. The Havana staff has been strengthened by the addition of two American and two Cuban secretaries supported locally. Under their leader- ship the work is steadily advancing. President Menocal, the United Railways of Cuba, the Munson Steamship Line, and the Cuban-American Sugar Company each contribute $500 annually for current expenses as an expression of their appreciation of what the Association means to the island. The Association has lent its aid in many union church projects and has served the community’’ by furnish- ing leadership in War Work. The president of the Association was a Y. M. C. A. War Work secre- tary in Italy. Suggested subscriptions: Some one Association or individual should provide the whole amount for work in Cuba, $5,139.91. East Africa .... (See note below) 1. The War in East Africa (British, ex-Ger- man, and Portuguese territories) caused a mobiliz- ation of 1,500,000 Negro soldiers and porters from every’ part of “the dark continent.” Unfortunately many thousands of them had their first contact with white men under the most unfavorable con- ditions. The false impressions of civilization then created must now be rectified among a people who arc more accessible and plastic than ever before. 23 2. The Association brought recreation, ele- mentary education, and religious training to many thousands of Negroes in the native camps. In- dustrial training was introduced, and it is now proposed to establish permanently this form of Christian work. The influences of a crude Moham- medanism and the worst forms of paganism should not remain unchallenged. 3. Seven American colored secretaries were engaged in this work during the War. Two of them were lost in a drowning accident and two others returned shattered in health through their unselfish service under trying climatic conditions. 4. Primary responsibility for all V. M. C. A. work in East Africa rests with the British National Council. Because of the availability of Max Yergan, who directed the work among the Africans during the War, and the appropriateness of having the American colored Associations, city and student, supporting that work, the International Committee by joint arrangement with the British National Council is sending Max Yergan to pioneer this new venture in Association work. This field will provide an attractive opportunity for investment of life and money on the part of colored men of America. NOTE: The colored Associations of the United States are raising $5,000, which is not in the adopted budget, in order to begin work in East Africa. Hongkong .... $19,078.00 1. Hongkong is not a part of the Chinese Re- public. It is a British Crown Colony. The popu- lation is overwhelmingly Chinese, though there are nearly 12,000 Europeans and Americans. 2. One of the leading ports of the world, Hongkong is the distributing center for shipping for China, Japan, the Philippines, the East Indies, Australia, the Strait Settlements, and India. It is an important industrial center, cotton-spinning, sugar-refining, ship-building, rope-making, and brewing being the chief industries. 3. Hongkong has been a haven for progres- sive Chinese who in the past have found their own country uncomfortable. They have built up strong business houses and to a considerable extent influence progressive movements in China. 4. The Y. M. C. A. began in Hongkong in 1899. Today there is a small work for Europeans, but the principal work is for the Chinese. There are two Association buildings; the new one opened 24 in 1918 cost $80,000. The membership is nearly 3,000. The Tenth Annual Membership Campaign of March, 1919, broke all records in China, bringing in 2,369 members and fees totaling $30,117. 5. Among its most effective work is that for boys and younger students, including a hostel, a day school for employed boys, playgrounds, and branch student Associations in the various schools. The Association has cooperated in promoting the Boy Scouts in the Sunday schools. 6. Association work must be continued and strengthened in Hongkong because of the powerful influences — social, economic, political, religious — which radiate from this strategic center throughout the whole Orient. Suggested subscriptions : 2 at $5,000 = $10,000 3 “ 3,000 = 9,000 5 $19,000 India and Ceylon . $221,612.80 1. One-fifth of the human race lives in India, which has an area about three-fourths that of continental United States. They have a glorious past. 2. The war aroused India. “Today interested in democracy and social freedom, India is searching for a new basis of life not found in her old reli- gions. Tides and currents of new thought and life are sweep- ing through the country — political, social, economic, moral, religious. The problem is baffling. With nine-tenths of the people in blank illiteracy and divided between a dozen faiths, 147 languages, as many races, and over 2,000 different castes, the educated leaders are demanding self-government. The problem is, Can the non-Christian faiths produce the honesty, efficiency, unity and leadership necessary for respon- sible government?” (Sherwood Eddy.) 3. “Can our leaders be trusted with power?” is the question of thoughtful men on the threshold of large political developments in which the average man is to have an increasing share in his own government. The need for moral character has a peculiar sharpness just now in India. 4. India offers not merely opportunities to the Y. M. C. A., but makes demands upon it. Gone is the day when the Association can pick and choose and restrict itself. Its war service has introduced it to the whole country and made it a national force. People demand that it shall go forward. “No slow moving, indecisive, safety- first institution can keep its place today in the rapidly moving procession in India.” 25 5. University students now number over 60,000. Among the non-Christian students the Association has a peculiarly effective service. National General Secretary K. T. Paul says: “If the Indian student tends to fall an easy prey to wild ideas and unscrupulous men, it is at least partly because too often there is no one at hand with sufficient freedom from other duties to devote himself to the task of being his friend.” We should send immediately from fifteen to twenty new student secretaries to work in the great student centers. 6. The production of Christian literature at once sympathetic and scholarly, under the very able leadership of Dr. J. N. Farquhar, is one of the Association’s greatest services. “It is a vital, in- dispensable element in winning India for Christ.” (See page 51.) 7. In her 730,000 villages live 97 per cent of India’s 330,000,000 people. The Association is successfully combating the “Five Big D’s of rural life: debt, dirt, disease, drunkenness, demons.” This rural work serves the Church by serving its young men in the villages, and by enlisting and training educated young men and putting them at the disposal of missions and churches. (See page 46.) 8. The new industrialism in a country so predominantly agricultural is fraught with grave dangers: excessive hours, illiteracy, bad housing, infectious diseases. The resulting moral effects are often unspeakable. Labor troubles have begun; strikes are becoming common; agitators are begin- ning a new calling. Here is a clear ^all for the Association’s experience in industry. (See page 42.) 9. In physical education the Y. M. C. A. is leading. The pioneer work is done. The play- ground movement has been initiated, demonstra- ted, and is now spreading. City authorities are calling for play leadership. The Association in cooperation with governments and missions is teaching school physical directors simple programs of recreation, games, and sex hygiene. The Gaekwar of Baroda, one of the outstanding Hindu rulers, said: “I know about the work of the Young Men’s Christian Association. It is a good work, a religious and a Christian work. I am anxious that my people should have the benefit of it. I will pay one-third of the salary and expenses of an American Association physical director if he will give one- third of his time to my government schools.” And there are ten other similar unanswered calls. 10. In twenty-five cities there are seventy- three Association branches and 108 paid secretaries. 26 The service includes night schools, hospital visita- tion, sanitation, temperance work, sex hygiene, games, social study classes, exhibits, community service with municipalities, social service leagues, Boy Scout and playground movements. There are also about 150 small town Associations. The total Association staff in 1919 numbered 319 secretaries, of whom 157 were Indians. Of the total, 107 Indians and sixty-two foreigners were in the army work in India and overseas. The need is for more and better secretaries. The War Work has discovered the great world to young Indian Christians, and they have learned the joy of service. The Association must direct their future service. 11. What leaders think of the Association. Dr. Haridhan Dutt, leading physician and municipal councilor of Calcutta: “I am a Hindu, but if this is practical Christianity, and I believe it is, we want more of it.” Lord Willingdon, Governor of Madras, while Governor of Bombay was honorary president of the Bombay Association, and said in a public address: “No other Association did so much as ours to bring the British and Indians together.” The Englishman, one of the leading newspapers, in a long editorial about the work of the Y. M. C. A. said: “There is no other organization that we know of, whether in India or out of it, which has either the ideals or the men better capabjc of taking advantage of the new longings and aspirations which are afloat to lead mankind to a wholesome and sane goal.” 12. The Y. M. C. A. is an indigenous self- supporting, autonomous movement. Two of its secretaries, K. T. Paul, General Secretary of the National Council, and Dr. S. K. Datta, head of the Training School, are acknowledged among India’s half dozen strongest Christian leaders. They call on America for additional help in pioneering new phases of work and training their fellow Indian secretaries. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $25,000 = $25,000 1 “ 20,000 = 20,000 4 “ 10,000 = 40,000 10 “ 5,000 = 50,000 10 “ 3 ,000 = 30,000 15 “ 1,500 = 22,500 20 “ 1 ,000 = 20,000 = 14,000 . $221,500 28 89 “ 500 27 The Japanese Empire . $98,859.10 1. Japan is leading llie Orient. For better or for worse she is shaping the destinies of Asia. Docs not Christian strategy and statesmanship re- quire that where vast issues are at stake large in- vestments of Christian leadership and institutions should be made? 2. How to feed her 83,000,000 people, is Japan’s most difficult problem. With only about one-eighth of her land arable and the population in- creasing about 700,000 annually, economic pressure has forced Japan into industry. Japan lacks those natural resources fundamental to industry — coal and iron — which her neighbors have in abundance. During the war Japan took over Germany’s trade in the Far East and southern Asia and began to divide the field with France and even England. A few scores of men became suddenly wealthy, while for the mass of the people the struggle for existence became increasingly difficult, the price of rice, their chief food, clothing, and fuel having trebled during the War. 3. The democratic-liberal movement must be strengthened to save Japan from going on the rocks herself, and becoming a menace to all Asia and the world: Christianity is the mainspring of this movement. 4. All Christian work in Japan is suffering from lack of leaders: the Association is developing them. 5. Social conditions are nearing a crisis. Christian principles among both employers and em- ployes are indispensable for a right solution. “The transversion from agriculture to industry; the tramp city-ward of the country population; the massing of workers in high-powered mills; the di- version of the worker into the pitiless competition of the open labor market; the creation of intensive and terrible slums; the exploitation of womanhood and childhood through an unsupervised factory system; the utter helplessness of labor in the hands of capital, having neither the right to vote, to combine, nor to strike; a society lacking in social conscience, in a sense of responsibility, and in train- ing for caring for social evils: — these are some of the problems which involve the life or death of the Empire.” These constitute a clear call for the Y. M. C. A. to lead in this field of service. 6. The first industrial Y. M. C. A. in Japan was organized during the past year in the midst of 28 Tokio’s “East Side,” the rent of a house and half an acre of ground being paid from funds subscribed by Japanese factory men. This service must be widely and rapidly extended. 7. The Association’s Educational Work is overtaxing all its buildings and creating character as well as brains. Over 9,000 young men are in Association English schools alone. 8. The Association’s Physical Work with its group plays, personal purity, and finer ideals of sportsmanship is meeting one of Japan’s funda- mental needs. 9. Extension of the Association is de- manded by influential Japanese, both Christian and non-Christian. More trained secretaries from America are urgently needed. 10. The money sent by North America to Japan is drawing a still larger amount from the Japanese, all the Associations but one being self- supporting. There are twenty city and seventy- four student Associations; nineteen foreign and sixty Japanese secretaries. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $ 10,000 = $ 10,000 5 « 5,000 = 25,000 10 U 3,000 = 30,000 10 U 1,500 = 15,000 10 u 1,000 = 10,000 18 u 500 = 9,000 54 $ 99,000 Korea $12,088.46 1. Korea’s population is twice that of Canada, 16,287,389. Although her mountains are rich in minerals which the Japanese are now de- veloping, the Koreans have always been poor because they depended on agriculture, and only a small part of her 84,173 square miles of mountain- ous country could be brought under cultivation. 2. The Y. M. C. A. was started in Seoul, the capital, in 1901. There are now two branches, one Korean and one Japanese, with a common board of directors. There are now four American secre- taries, a Korean staff of eight, and two Japanese secretaries. 3. Activities. Religious work is the most prominent feature of the Seoul Association, which cooperates very closely with the churches. In 1919, 540 men and boys decided for the Christian 29 life in Association Bible classes and meetings. The Association Trade School is teaching cabinet making, blacksmithing, printing, boot and shoe- making, photography, and other trades to scores of Korean young men. There are 568 boys and several hundred young men in other educational classes. ( The only place in Korea where her 2,000,000 boys can get clean amusement is at the Boys’ Divi- sion of the Y. M. C. A., which enrolls over 500. For suggested subseriptions, see the table for the Japanese Empire, in the budget for which the Korean work is included. Mexico $26,616.88 1. “The Treasure House of the World,” Humboldt called Mexico, and yet he knew only half. First in the world’s production of silver, second in copper, petroleum, and dye woods, and third in gold, it is already a great producer of nearly every important tropical and temperate product, including rubber, coffee, cotton, corn, and hides. Mexico is as large as the United States east of the Mississippi. 2. The people are desperately poor and Mexico is confronted with perhaps more serious national problems than any other country. About 95 per cent of the wealth is in the hands of 5 per cent of the people; 75 per cent is owned abroad. Business men of Canada and the United States have invested more than a billion dollars in Mexico. Great commercial houses are establishing branches and sending representatives there. 3. Composed of 150 antagonistic tribal and national elements, Mexico’s people have never fused into a conscious nationality, nor have they learned patriotically' and unselfishly to cooperate in government, society, or business. Illiteracy ranges from 75 per cent in some states to 90 per cent in others. With the exception of a few out- standing leaders, its political and national leader- ship has been largely selfish and false. 4. A country in the making, Mexico can become a great nation if it gets the help it needs. Only a small proportion of the people are bandits and revolutionists; most of them are law abiding, peaceful, and industrious. The educated classes compare favorably in culture and refinement with 30 ours. They are proud of their traditions and their country and look down on Americans and other aliens, pointing with pride to the fact that their National University was a flourishing institution a hundred years before Harvard was founded. 5. Preeminent among the welcomed agen- cies is the Y. M. C. A. From its beginnings in 1902, the Association has had the most cordial support of the best classes, of government officials, and of business men. Presidents Diaz, Madero, and Carranza have all been sponsors and supporters of our work. The latter’s gift last year was the largest personal contribution received by the Mexico City Association. Notwithstanding that ten years of the eighteen of the Association’s work in Mexico have been years of revolution, disorder, and distress, the four Associations have been con- ducting a steadily growing work of increasing effectiveness. 6. Mexican leaders urge extension of the work into other important centers because they know the Association can make an indispensable contribution by raising from among the college men a generation of Christian leaders consecrated to the unselfish service of their country. America can give no other help of equal importance. 7. “The problem of reconstruction in Mexi- co is the problem of the extension of the Young Men’s Christian Association.” In these words a Mexican leader has summed up the Association’s opportunity and obligation. Shall we accept this challenge? Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $10,000 = $10,000 2 “ 3,000 = 6,000 5 “ 1,500 = 7,500 3 “ 1,000 = 3,000 11 $ 26,500 The Near East . . . $16,235.00 1. Responsibility for the Near East, by agreement between the British and American Movements, is divided as follows: The British National Council: Serbia, Persia, Mesopotamia; the International Committee: Roumania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Armenia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt. 2. Vast material resources. The fabulous riches of the ancients came from a mere scratching of the surface. The biggest prizes remain for the 31 agriculturists, miners, manufacturers, and traders of the generation just before us. 3. Human stock capable of a new golden age. The races that produced Egyptian learning, Greek art and culture, and the Hebrew and Chris- tian religions, are still alive. Mohammedanism has not been able to destroy their native talents. In the last century Greeks, Armenians, and Slavs have made astounding progress. Given an equal chance they hold their own with the best men of the West. “Every nation in the Near East has one great goal — to rank as ‘civilized.’ To this end industrial and agricultural reforms are being introduced, business and industry uplifted, education and art fostered. They are ready to adopt any- thing which can be proved to be essential to a Christian civilization.” 4. The Oriental Churches awake. Their power has been undermined by anti-religious pro- paganda and skepticism. They are now alive to the dangers and weakness of an ignorant, superstitious constituency living on a low moral plane. They are discussing how the Bible can be made more accessible to the masses; planning reforms in or- ganization and doctrine; beginning a program of evangelism; and they frankly seek the help of American and British Christianity. 5. America — the Near East’s symbol of unselfishness and generosity. Such present- day advantages as the Near East has and treasures are largely gifts from America. Education, medi- cal science, philanthropy, the championing of the oppressed, have been the missionary’s stock in trade for a century. America’s welcome to the immigrant and his huge remittances to his old home have been the financial salvation of many a region. America’s share in the War and her astounding relief activities since the armistice can never be forgotten by the Near East. In their eyes we are the one unselfish power. 6. Pre-war Association work. Y. M. C. A. work was opened in Turkey in 1909. Steady pro- gress had been made with five American secreta- ries, one of whom was at Robert College Associa- tion, another traveling secretary for the Turkish Empire. This work brought together men of some twenty nationalities and nearly as many religious faiths, who ordinarily do not mix. It won the confidence and approval of the Greek Church Patriarch and of the business men and other lead- ers. In 1915 a $75,000 building in Constantinople was acquired and dedicated. During the War this building served as headquarters for the relief work 32 for Allied prisoners of war. One of the secretaries, D. J. van Bommel, a citizen of Holland, was for- tunately able to stay in Constantinople throughout the War. The civilian work was reopened in the .summer of 1919 and has gradually increased. 7. The Student Work at Robert College, like that at Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, where there was also an American secretary, has served these important groups of future leaders of all the states of the Balkans, Asia Minor, and Syria. Many of the present younger leaders have been members of the Associations in these two American schools. 8. Egypt. The International Committee took over the work in Egypt in 1913 from the British National Council which for a number of years had maintained a small work for Europeans in Cairo. Mr. William Jessop, the American secretary, was hardly settled in Cairo before the War broke and he began to give leadership to what became one of the most trying but significant and successful pieces of war work the Association did in any part of the world. Plans are now under way for a great civilian work in Cairo and other cities of Egypt, where the people are demanding for their young men the kind of service they came to value because of what they saw it meant to the British Colonial and Indian troops. 9. Palestine. Within a day of the capture of Jerusalem in the summer of 1917, the Red Triangle was at work in the city among the British and Indian troops, and continued until the end of the campaign. Mr. A. C. Harte, representing jointly the British National Council and the International Committee, went to Jerusalem in the summer of 1919 to begin civilian work. 10. What national leaders say. “Her Majesty (the Queen of Roumania) called me to the palace for a special interview on the Y.M.C.A. She is deeply interested and desires to give her support for the development of a Roumanian section.” E. K. Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece: “Your work has been most helpful at a time of great need and it commands the highest praise.” Dr. K. Tavidian, Acting President, National Council of Armenia: “We Christians of all ranks and beliefs are bound to give our heartiest backing to the Y.M.C.A.” George Horton, American Consul General at Salonica: “If we can succeed in planting in Salonica an up-to-date Y.M.C.A., I shall consider my share in it the greatest achieve- ment of my twenty-five years in the Near East.” 33 G. B. Ravndal, U. S, Consul General at Con- stantinople: “The Y. M. C. A. must devote particular attention to sports in the open air, indoor gymnastics, bathing facilities, and practical lectures on physiology and clean living.” 11. Do they mean it? In spite of unspeak- able poverty and depression the Associations in Constantinople, Smyrna, and Adana arc running full blast with a large social program, popular night classes, and far-reaching religious work. Jerusalem and Cairo are coming into their own; Athens, Saloniea, and Bucharest are just as needy and even more eager. All they lack is the Ameri- can secretaries to start things going. 12. “That these shall not have died in vain.” James Perry and Frank L. Johnson, two American secretaries, were killed on February 3, 1920, in an attack by brigands while on duty with a relief train en route to Armenia. The present work in the Near East is nearly all W ar Work financed by funds allocated by the Committee on Work in Allied Armies and among Prisoners of War. The $10,235 in this budget is to send secretaries to begin civilian work in a few of the most urgent places. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at $5,000 = $5,000 1 u 3,000 = 3,000 2 “ 1,500 = 3,000 2 u 1,000 = 2,000 6 u 500 = 3,000 12 $16,000 The Philippines . . $14,015.00 1. “The American policy in the Philippines has stimulated the imaginations and ambitions of the Asiatic races mightily.” 2. The 10,000.000 people in these 3,141 islands speak sixty-eight different languages and dialects. There are 9,000,000 Filipinos; 750,000 are wild hill tribes untouched by civilization; about 11,000 are Americans and Europeans; 35,000 are Chinese. 3. The Islands are paying their way. They are rich in timber and minerals and in agricultural products and possibilities. 4. The Y. M. C. A. went to the Islands with the American Army in 1898. Civilian work was started in 1908. 5. There are three Association buildings in Manila: one for Americans and two for Fili- pinos, one a city building, the other for students. The membership is over 3,000. Twice the dormi- 34 tory capacity of 360 would not accommodate all who wish to live in the buildings. A night school and a day high school are crowded to capacity with eager young men from all parts of the Islands. 6. Throughout the Archipelago the influ- ence of the Association is felt. Its physical and religious work have been particularly beneficial, though there are no buildings outside of Manila. 7. The baseball bat has taken the place of the head axe in settling feuds between rival Igorot villages. Play, introduced by Y. M. C. A. Physi- cal Director Elwood S. Brown, has penetrated the remotest mountain fastnesses. The first volley ball was carried to the Philippines by the Associa- tion Physical Director in 1910; six years later the Islands imported more volley balls than were sold in America, and the trade has increased annually. This is but one indication of the rapid spread of athletics. 8. A leading Filipino magazine said: “No single non-governmental and non-sectarian institution at present is doing so much for the Filipino youth as the Y. M. C. A., which bids fair to become the most important single factor in the upbuilding of a race of men characterized by deep religious feeling and the presence of the spirit of charity, helpfulness, and social service.” 9. The annual student conference con- ducted by the Association gathers from all the Islands students of all religions and faiths. At the closing meeting of the last conference, in addition to decisions for the Christian life, Bible study, clean living, and service, many spoke of a determination to carry the spirit of the conference back to their families, schools, and communities. Subsequent observation proved the genuineness of these deci- sions. The pastor of the Union Church in Manila said: “I consider this student conference to be the most signifi- cant spiritual achievement that has occurred in the Philip- pines.” 10. In cooperation with the Government, the Association conducts various forms of work in reformatory schools, the government orphanage, and in Billibid Prison. A special work for the hundreds of bootblacks and newsboys who swarm the streets of Manila is aiding the police to solve this difficult problem. 11. In cooperation with the Church the Association is helping to make Christian this “great strategic base for democracy in the Pacific,” whose influence on all of Asia is beyond measurement. 35 Suggested subscriptions: 1 at i £5,000 = $5,000 1 U 3,000 = 3,000 1 U 1,500 = 1,500 2 u 1,000 = 2,000 5 a 500 = 2,500 10 $14,000 Porto Rico 36,195.00 1. Part of the United Stales. Porto l\ieo is about three times the size of Rhode Island. Its population, 1,118,012, is equivalent to 386 to the square mile. A hundred-pound sack of rice is imported annually for every person on the island, although rice is raised there. The principal exports are raw sugar, coffee, tobacco, and fruits. 2. Y. M. C. A. work began in San Juan, the capital, in 1909. A $50,000 building was opened in 1913, the Insular Government having given the lot worth $60,000. 3. An industrial secretary is included in the 1920 budget to begin work among the thousands employed on the sugar and tobacco plantations and in the mills and factories on the island. Suggested subscriptions: 1 at S3 ,000 = S3, 000 2 “ 1,500 = 3,000 3 “ S6, 000 Portugal 33,120.00 1. In population and territorial extent Por- tugal is comparable to the state of Ohio, but she has vast rich colonial possessions. Commercially, interest centers about Portugal’s mines of wolf- ramite (used in tungsten steel) , forests of pine and cork trees, bountiful vineyards and varied fruits, and the colonial industries of cocoa, lace, and embroidery. The war-enhanced friendly relation- ship between Portugal and America should increase business in the future. 2. In Lisbon and Oporto for years there have been Associations through the cooperation of the World Committee at Geneva. 3. Coimbra University w T as founded in the thirteenth century and its hoary traditions still pervade the atmosphere of the city of the same 36 name. This “Luso-Athenas,” as it is called, is the educational center not only of the country, but of the Portuguese-speaking world. Among these 1500 students, Association work was begun in 1915. Now there is a building with all the usual features, the gift of friends in the United States, and over 300 members. The Association has won a wide circle of friends among students, professors, and town folks. 4. During the War, Portuguese troops in France came to know the Red Triangle through its service in the trenches, base areas, rest camps, etc. Now that they have returned to their homes, they look for this symbol of friendship and service. Suggested subscriptions: This budget of $3,120 should be covered by the gift of one individual or Association. Russia (See note below) 1. Y. M. C. A. work in Russia was begun at Petrograd in 1899, by Dr. Franklin A. Gaylord. Because of restrictions on the name Young Men’s Christian Association, Mr. James Stokes person- ally made it possible to found an organization known as the “Mayak” (Lighthouse). Before the War it had some 3,000 members in Petrograd, a branch had been started in Moscow, and there was a student work at Kief and at the Imperial Poly- technic Institute at Lesnoi outside Petrograd. 2. Then came the War and the efforts of the seven American secretaries were quickly turned to work among the Russian soldiers. To meet this opportunity seventy-three secretaries were sent from America before the end of 1917. Work was established widely among the Russian soldiers on the European front and later among the Czecho- slovaks. 3. The favor of the successive governments has been enjoyed by the Association in Russia proper and the different special governmental divisions which came into existence after the break- up of the Empire. Because of what they saw done for the soldiers, the civilian population in all sec- tions of Russia and Siberia now demands Associa- tion work for the young men and boys of their communities, both urban and rural. NOTE; The entire 1920 budget for work in Russia and Siberia is provided by the Committee on Work in Allied Armies and Among Prisoners of War. 37 Phases of Work Around the World National Committees . $186,857.50 1. The first guiding principle in the exten- sion of Association work into other lands is the establishing of indigenous, self-supporting Move- ments. As a result of this policy there are today National Committees or Councils for the Japanese Empire, China, India, Mexico, and Brazil, and a Continental Federation for South America, composed almost exclusively of honored sons of the respective countries, and since 1919 autonomous. Another evidence of their indigenous character is the leadership of such men as Soichi Saito in Japan, David Z. T. Yui in China, Kanakarayan T. Paul in India, and Eduardo Monteverde in South America, respectively the national chief executives. 2. In responsibility and function these National Committees are similar to the supervisory agencies of North America. More than half of their budgets is raised in the countries, the list of contributors being conclusive proof of the general approval of the Association program. Assistance is needed from the United States and Canada to maintain standards and volume of service, and establish new lines of work. In a few countries which do not have national organizations, small grants are made to the senior foreign secretaries for the promotion of national phases of work. 3. This amount, $186,857.50, is distributed among the countries as follows: Brazil $ 5,700.00 Mexico $ 9,775.00 China 87,412.50 The Philippines 2,400.00 Cuba 2,000.00 Portugal 1,200.00 India & South American Ceylon 30,300.00 Federation 27,400.00 Japan 20,670.00 These subscriptions are needed i 1 at $25,000 = $25,000 1 “ 15,000 = 15,000 3 “ 10,000 = 30,000 3 “ 5,000 = 15,000 10 “ 3,000 = 30,000 15 “ 1,500 = 22,500 24 “ 1,000 = 24,000 50 “ 500 = 25,000 107 $186,500 1. Before the War there was practically no Army work. Since the Boxer Uprising in China 38 Army Work .... $11,907.50 one foreign secretary has given full time among the Legation Guards of the different nations in Peking. In India there were a few Army branches in the British cantonments and work at the annual maneuvers. Nothing was permitted among Indian troops. 2. The War threw wide the gates to millions of men under arms in these countries, notably in India and Japan. Although religious work was restricted among Indian troops, few of them were so ignorant or bigoted as to fail to sense the essen- tial Christian spirit of love and brotherhood back of the Association’s service. Its war work has made the Association a national force in some countries. This budget provides only for the Peking Legation Guards secretary, and for the National Army Work secretary in India, a permanent post on the staff of the Indian National Council. Boys’ Work .... $60,511.57 1. Nobody knows how many boys there are in the world; everybody knows the boys are the hope of Democracy and of the Kingdom. 2. The American Association Standard Program for Boys adapted to China, Korea, India, Mexico, and Argentina, has taken root and is growing rapidly. Enough has been done in other countries to demonstrate that there also rapid development and fruitage will result when the necessary American leadership is sent. Shanghai’s Boys’ Work ranks first in the world in the number and enrollment in Bible classes, second in member- ship and physical work, and third in membership and physical work, and third in educational work. It is doubtful whether any city equals the effect- iveness of Shanghai’s social service program. The Boy Scout Movement has been introduced and promoted in most of these countries by the Association. 3. Japan has 10,000,000 hoys, but not one trained Boys’ Work secretary. 4. India’s 32,000,000 hoys are “just as pro- mising as any under the sun and far more uncared for than most. Thousands of them work in the mills and factories with no chance for such a life 39 as a boy ought to have. Millions live in the vil- lages, held down by poverty, superstition, and ignorance. Then there are the high school boys — 200 high schools in Madras Presidency alone. In India there are only six Boys’ Work secretaries, three Indians and three foreigners. We need at once seven more men to help train the staff of at least fifty Indian Boys’ Work secretaries we must have in a few years.” 5. In Buenos Aires, an Argentine, trained in the United States, himself the product of the Asso- ciation, gives three-fourths time to Boys’ Work. Because of lack of equipment the 500 boy members have use of the gymnasium only two days a week. A city-wide program in this great metropolis would be welcomed. It awaits additional leader- ship and equipment. 6. In Brazil no organized Boys’ Work has been started, although the Association has been there nineteen j r ears and the cities swarm with boys. Sao Paulo Association has helped to develop the Boy Scout work. 7. In Chile, Valparaiso Association solved a bootblack and newsboy problem which had baffled the city police, by organizing educational and recreational work and securing a clubhouse for these boys. 8. In the Near East the Association is bring- ing together boys of fifteen races and twenty creeds. Extended to the key cities this would contribute much to the ultimate solution of one of the most difficult problems of that area. 9. The boys of the world need the Y. Add to the American boy’s need for the Y all that is suggested by the absence of home, church, school, the restraining influences we know as Christian; add a degree of poverty which compels them to go to work at ten, eight, six, even five years; add superstition, which holds them in bondage to the fear of powerless gods; add the demands of the new day in all of these lands which will require of these boys far more than their fathers ever dreamed. 10. The Association can help the Church solve the boy problem in all these countries. Should we not send at least fifty of the best Boys’ Work secretaries to pioneer work among the mil- lions of boys who are to be the men of tomorrow in all these countries? All of the $60,511.57 in this budget for Boys’ Work is invested in personality. 40 City Work .... $386,440.56 1. The cities are the storm centers of the world today. Some of the countries, as in Latin America, have always been dominated by their cities; others, formerly predominately rural, have during the past decade witnessed tremendous city growth. Tokyo is now the third city of the world. This is particularly true of India and the great industrial centers of Japan and China, where the tramp cityward has given rise to serious problems, social, economic, and moral, analogous to those in our own country. These great cities of the non-Christian world are veritable maelstroms affecting the world’s moral safety. Fletcher S. Brockman points out that where the vices of the East meet those of the West the result is a still lower form. Into these whirl- pools are now being drawn a steadily increasing number of our young men, who represent American business firms abroad. Where men are most viciously tempted, there the Association is called to go. These cities are at the same time the centers of the most dynamic forces for righteousness in their countries, for in them are found the greatest aggre- gations of mental, political, and financial power. The Association can effectively unite and influence these men who must shape the destinies of their lands. 2. The strategy of planting Associations in the great commercial, political, and educational centers of other lands will be understood at once by anyone familiar with the influence and achieve- ments of the city Young Men’s Christian Associa- tions in the life of the United States and Canada. Already some eighty such cities have been entered. Wherever men and boys are found, whether Japan- ese, Chinese, Indian, Turkish, or Latin, they re- spond readily to all the typical lines of service which mark the Movement in North America. 3. Our task is to become dispensable: not to furnish American leadership for all the cities of the world, for China alone would require secre- taries for her 1,900 walled cities. The aim is to plant model Associations in the most influential places, where under skillful experienced North Americans native leadership will be found and trained and the Movement thereby be made indige- nous. The foreign secretaries always work in the background, thus magnifying the importance of initiative and originality on the part of the men 41 of the country. That the principle is successful is shown by the fact that while the North American secretaries number 19G there are over 500 native secretaries. 4. The principle of self-support is funda- mental. All of the operating expenses of a local Association arc covered by membership fees and subscriptions of citizens of the community. Only the maintenance of our own secretaries is paid from the United States and Canada. To illustrate, in Buenos Aires $63,000, exclusive of restaurant and similar accounts, is raised locally; North America provides the support of three of our own secreta- ries. Shanghai raises locally $125,000 a year; North America gives $17,000. Of $386,440.56 for City Work, $376,040.56 is for the maintenance of American and Can- adian secretaries. It should be borne in mind that the same personnel related to city Associa- tions is responsible for promoting all phases of work. Their first concern is winning men, one by one, to decision for the Christian life and service. Educational Work . . $31,077.25 1 Ignorance and illiteracy are the chains which have bound vast areas of the world in which there has been no provision, either government or private, for even elementary education. In India only 106 men and 10 women in 1000 can read. In China only about 5 per cent of the 400,000,000 people are literate. The new democratic ideals and awakened consciousness which are stirring placid old nations have brought home to them the fact that “education is the rock foundation of citizen- ship.” During the War several million men were brought face to face with the problem of letters. Unable to communicate with families and friends because they could not read or write, they saw that in France “even the coolies and old grandmothers could read.” For the first time they realized the usefulness of this knowledge. Returning home ashamed of their ignorance, they are now eager to learn. Today the whole world recognizes the need and value of education. 2. English is fast becoming the world’s commercial language. Hundreds of thousands of ambitious youth of all the nations today slave to speak and write it. The Association’s day and 42 evening classes furnish their very best opportunity in scores of cities of Asia and Latin America. The Association commercial schools in Peking, Shang- hai, Canton, and other cities rank among the best these countries afford. One secretary writes from Japan: “We only need to let it be known that the Association has six American teachers and the crowd begins to flow Y. M . C.A. ward. The ages of men in our classes vary from twelve to fifty-five years. These classes provide the very best first- hand contact with men for personal helpfulness.” 3. Schools for poor boys, ricksha coolies and others are conducted by college students and younger business men in scores of cities and educa- tional centers. These men are inspired by the Association to give their services as volunteer teachers. Many students returning from summer conferences start the first school in their home village. The $31,077.25 in this budget is all for personnel. The local expenses for educational work are covered by the class fees and subscrip- tions secured locally. Industrial Work . . $23,229.27 1. A spirit of unrest permeates industrial workers throughout the world today. Until last year there has not been any special danger of conflicts between labor and capital in India. Now there are the beginnings: strikes are becoming common; agitators are beginning a new calling. Leaders in India are becoming interested in the welfare of the laboring classes. The great Tata Steel Works last year set aside two lakhs of rupees ($60,000), the beginnings of a fund, the interest on which is to finance welfare work. They request Association assistance. The great Empress Mills in Nagpur and another large firm in Bombay have also asked for Association industrial secretaries. A few experienced American industrial secretaries must be sent to lay the foundations and train the Indian secretaries. Japan is facing grave industrial questions. The Association has completed the first social survey of Tokyo and opened the first industrial Associa- tion in the country with a Japanese secretary trained in social welfare work in charge. A ten- room house with half an acre of land in the heart of Tokyo’s congested “East Side” became a club- house for workers, funds having been subscribed 43 by Japanese factory men. This should be only the beginning of a great program of industrial work in Japan in this critical time. Experienced Ameri- can secretaries must be sent to lay the foundations and train Japanese secretaries. In China and the South American countries where modern industry is just beginning, there are evidences of industrial strife, to the solution of which the Association should bring its special gifts at an early date. 2. The solution of industrial troubles lies deeper than the measures usually brought for- ward by social and political leaders. This is made clear in a statement by Roger W. Babson, the statistician and business expert, in which he said: “Politics and industries need to get Jesus’ point of view, which is both economically and psycho- logically sound. Labor troubles would soon cease and the cost of living would be cut in halves. Once more I say, the need of the year is religion.” This budget provides for a few specialists to pioneer Industrial Work in the fields, where the situation is most critical. Lecture Work in China $36,245.05 1. A nation-wide popular educational movement including demonstrated lectures, com- prehensive literary presentation of the ideal and practical, a service of expert authoritative scholar- ship available from a national laboratory to respon- sible local organizations working along religious, scientific, health, educational, sociological, eco- nomical, government, art, philosophical, and effici- ency lines directed by that genius Prof. C. H. Robertson. The work of the Lecture Department is one of the most unique contributions to the life of any nation. By breaking down the walls of conserva- tism this department has opened the way for evangelistic campaigns, and programs of public health, and made possible the securing of funds for community service, such as hospitals, reforestation, and flood prevention, as well as for Association property. 2. “A Physician-Diplomat” in China is what World's Work calls W. W. Peter, M. D., about whose public health campaigns (part of the Lecture Department program) Frank Ward O’Malley writes in the Red Cross Magazine: 44 “The 400,000,000 Chinese were, in the main, still devoted to the medical theories of the Emperor Shin Nung, who left this vale of shadows in B.C. 2737, when Dr. Peter — two-fisted American M .D .—arrived in their midst . He has taught them American medicine and American ideals and his work is among the most important jobs in the world today. “Nineteen thousand Chinese stepped on one another while visiting the initial health exhibition during the first three days it was open in Shanghai. From 5,000 to 30,000, depend- ing upon the size of the town or village visited, throng the temple, church or ‘tabernacle’ in all communities. It is not an uncommon sight to see a queue waiting for three patient hours for the doors to open.” The $36,245.05 in this budget represents only a part of the money spent, for large funds are contributed in China by the communities and agencies which are benefited. Religious Work . . $10,438.55 1. In this critical time the world needs some- thing more than diplomacy and economic and social reform. Moral character is the outstanding need of today. On the threshold of large political devel- opments in which the average man is to have an increasing share in his own government, the serious question is: “Can our leaders really be trusted with power?” “Have they the moral caliber to resist bribery, put down corruption, insist on fair treatment, rise above religious, national, and racial prejudices?” is being asked throughout the world as thoughtful leaders seek a stable foundation. 2. That Christianity alone is adequate and the Association one of its most effective instru- ments is evidenced by the following striking state- ments of trusted leaders. Kanakarayan T. Paul, one of India’s five leading Christians: “There is nothing the West can give to us which we cannot do without, except Jesus Christ.” Baron Shibusawa, Japan’s great banker: “American prosperity comes largely from the character of the people, fostered by Christian institutions. That is why I want to see the Y. M. C. A. extended in Japan, for Japan needs men of character.” Admiral Li Ho of the Chinese Navy: “Christianity is the only agency that can save China. I am glad to see the American universities doing so much to introduce our people to this great ideal. The Princeton men here are giving splendid service; I cannot think of anything that would improve the work of the Peking Y. M. C. A.” A prominent Mexican: “The problem of reconstruction in Mexico is the problem of the extension of the Young Men’s Christian Association throughout the republic.” 45 Mr. Vagi Yasuzo, member of one of Japan’s old- est families, graduate of Harvard twenty years ago, in advocating financial support for the Young Men’s Christian Association in Japan, said to his conservative fellow-Buddhists: “Through long experience the Young Men’s Christian Association has become skillful in getting character results in its management of young men. We Buddhists too, desire the same things, only we have no leaders. 1 suggest that we give our money to the Young Men’s Christian Association to handle for us.” 3. The Y. M. C. A. renders this most needed service by raising up strong, trained, native Christian leadership. In Seoul, Korea, notwithstanding the unsettled conditions throughout the year, over 300 boys and 240 young men decided for the Christian life in Association Bible classes and religious meetings. In the Canton, China, Association in June last year 96 men and boys decided for the Christian life in meetings held by the Association. Most of them came from the Association Bible classes. Among those baptized were the Director of the Ivung Yee Hospital and another well known physician, the General Manager of the Canton- Samshui Railway, and the President of the Pro- vincial Educational Society. In India, Sherwood Eddy and his party stimu- lated the native Christian Church to personal evangelism, touching forty-three centers in six months. Every branch of the Christian Church in India, except the Roman Catholic, participated in this union effort, of which Rev. H. A. Popley, head of the Association’s Evangelistic Department, was the executive secretary. That the spirit of this service has reproducing power is shown by the incident of the college stu- dents who, returning from a summer conference, started in their own mission school an evangelistic campaign which brought to decision for baptism sixty students, sons of the best families in South China. The $10,438.55 in this budget maintains two Religious Work specialists, the National Evan- gelistic Secretary for India and Ceylon, and the Interchurch Secretary of the Shanghai, China, city Association. It should be remembered that every one of the foreign secretaries is first of all a leader of Religious Work. Notwithstanding this, the number of secretaries specializing on particular phases of Religious Work should be increased. 46 Rural Work .... $5,000.00 1. While there are grave rural problems in all countries, the Association has thus far only begun work in India, ninety-five per cent of whose 330,000,000 people live in small villages and engage in agriculture. These 730,000 villages are characterized by what Secretary O.O. Stanchfield calls “The five big D’s” — debt, dirt, disease, drunkenness, demons. 2. The Y. M. C. A. rural program is designed to combat these. It serves the Church by helping the young men in the Christian villages and by enlisting and training educated young men who are used by the missions and churches in their village work. 3. Begun in 1914, there are today twenty-three Indian rural secretaries and 110 Cooperative Credit Societies with a membership of 4,000. Aided by the Association’s Christian Central Bank these vil- lage Cooperative Credit Societies do for the Chris- tian villages what the Government’s Cooperative Credit Societies do for villages generally in bringing relief from the usurious money lenders whose rates of interest run from 15 to upwards of 100 per cent. The spiritual, educational, social, and physical needs of these villagers are all supplied by the Association program. The return of more than a million Sepoys from France, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Palestine, and East Africa, where they learned the value of the Red Triangle, has multiplied the demand for the exten- sion of its helpful service to the villages to which these men have returned. As quickly as possible secretaries must be provided to establish work throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon. 4. Other demands. The beginning of rural work has been made in Uruguay. There are clamant calls from Russia and Siberia where studies and demonstrations have been made. The 140,000 Chinese laborers returning from France to Shantung Province are chiefly from small villages among which the Association is now beginning some rural work. As quickly as possible trained Ameri- can secretaries must be sent to establish work in these and other lands where the need is equally urgent. Only $5,000 is provided in this budget. Ex- pansion waits on the provision of ample funds. There is much evidence that the rural Associations of t he United States and Canada are convinced that this is their obligation. 47 Physical Work . . . $84,777.15 1. The standard American Association pro- gram of physical education has been adapted to the needs of the countries in which we are working. Enough has been done to demonstrate its value. Scores of physical directors are now being demanded to extend the program by training native physical directors. 2. World leadership in physical education with all that this means in the development of Christian character may be assumed by the Associ- ation now — if we send this year the necessary physical directors and play teachers to the twenty- five different countries from which specific calls have come. It takes men. 3. The War drew the attention of the entire world to the importance of good physical condition. Conviction of the value and utility of it followed. How to attain it is now the demand. The Associa- tion is in a position to develop a practical Plav-For- Everybody Program around the World. 4. Play as the common denominator has brought together in friendly intercourse Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos, who for ages have had no common meeting ground in business, education, or religion. It is non-antagonistic; it may be pro- moted without provoking social, religious, or inter- national differences. 5. The Far-Eastern Games in which China, Japan, the Philippines, Siam, and Malaysia partici- pate, inaugurated and conducted by the Associa- tion are setting an example to one-quarter of the world’s entire population. Indian Empire Games are scheduled for 1921; South American Games for 1922. The International Olympic Committee has, through its President, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, asked the Y. M. C. A. to assist in a plan to democ- ratize the World Olympics, to make these games in truth a world influence. 6. The World is calling on North America now for help and leadership in establishing com- munity play programs. The Association is at this time the only American agency in the majority of these countries with the program and a willingness to do this task. This amount, $84,777.15, provides support for twenty-four physical directors on the field and for ten new men to sail this year. To answer the call to world leadership by sending one man to each country where there is now none, would require $50,000 more than is budgeted. 48 Social Service .... $4,890.00 1. The story of the Good Samaritan is peculiar to Christianity. The absence of that spirit of brotherhood and service from the non-Christian lands explains the appalling condition of the great masses of their people — poverty-stricken, illiterate, ignorant, diseased — for whom nobody cares. 2. The idea of service challenges the present generation of students and younger business men as does nothing else — service outside their family circle, to their community, to their country, to the world. Through the gateway of service more than any other way they enter the Christian life. 3. The Association’s varied program is to thousands the best example of practical service to their communities: expressed in the Association building through the regular phases of work with which we are familiar in America; outside the buildings through a range of community service unknown to American Associations, for in these countries the Association must take the place of a score of other organizations which in America contribute to the welfare of the community. 4. Some illustrations. Playgrounds inaugu- rated by the Association in every country are now promoted by national and city governments. Day and evening schools teach many thousands of ambitious youth, following the Association’s lead and plan. Famine and flood relief unite for the first time representatives of formerly antagonistic religious and social groups. How the Association quickly rises to emergencies is shown by the way the Foochow, China, Association quickly mobilized six strong committees with Admiral Sah as chair- man, to combat the cholera epidemic which last summer swept through the city. Buenos Aires Student Association “is turning the attention of this generation of Argentine students to a serious consideration of the outstanding social and moral problems of their nation, enlisting them in investi- gation and personal service in cooperation with various agencies in the capital and the nation. One hundred young men and women raised $15,000 to rehabilitate a home for abandoned boys.” The very small amount budgeted for social service, $4,890, makes possible the presence in Peking of a trained social worker, who is applying the principles and adapting the methods of the West to conditions in the Far East. A vast work waits on money to finance an adequate staff of American secretaries. 49 Student Work . . . $162,094.60 1. The original call to the Association to enter foreign countries came from the missionaries who found that only through such an interdenomina- tional agency could the doors of government schools be opened. That call was answered. The “Gibralters of the non-Christian world” were penetrated. Hundreds of strong men were won to Christian leadership, and thousands were chal- lenged to give their lives in unselfish service. Dr. Cornelius A. Patton, Secretary of the Ameri- can Board, while visiting China last year, in the interests of the Interchurch World Movement, said: “I was delighted and surprised to hear of the Student Work plans in Peking. They are excellent. I have seen nothing in America so satisfactory. There is complete organic union between the churches and the Association in this whole piece of work and the progress seems adequate for the situation." 2. The Association is responsible in large measure for “the stirring of life and aspiration across Asia,” because it has provided centers for the dissemination of the principles of Christian Democracy. Stories of how the great universities of England and later of America literally emptied themselves in loyalty to the great causes which were at stake during the War, profoundly influenced the university students of Asia and Latin America. 3. Today the call is renewed. It is intensi- fied; more urgent. In a sense not true a generation ago the students are leading. Whither depends on what we do quickly to guide them. Today they are accessible; eager for help. Our hard-pressed handful of men must be reenforced. One of them, M. T. Kennedy, Y. M. C. A. Student Secretary, Calcutta, India, writes: “What greater call or higher service is there anywhere in the world today than these friendly ministries of Western men of open heart and democratic Christian spirit among these rising generations of the East who are stretching out so eagerly for the governmental and social reforms of the West?" Personality claims practically the total amount for Student Work ($140,594.68 of the total $162,094.68). These student secretaries are the choice of American and Canadian college men with all that that means of culture, social and political ideals, and Christian character. The balance of the expenditure is used to promote student conferences which in these lands exceed in power and decisive influence the similar gatherings in America. Not- 50 able has been the number of decisions for the Chris- tian life and the ministry as a life-work. Subscriptions as follows are needed: 1 at $ 25,000 = $ 25,000 1 « 15,000 = 15,000 2 U 10,000 = 20,000 5 U 5,000 = 25,000 9 « 3,000 = 27,000 10 u 1,500 = 15,000 20 u 1,000 = 20,000 30 il 500 = 15,000 78 $ 162,000 Training of Personnel $112,556.04 1. The chief aim of every foreign secretary, as specified by the International Convention of 1891, is “to train and develop native Christian young men in the principles and methods of Association work.” Practically, it has been found that to make Association work indigenous, primary atten- tion must be given to the development of native secretaries. The success of this plan is proved by the ratio of native secretaries to American and Canadian secretaries — over 500 to 196. 2. This $112,556.04 aids in the maintenance of training features as follows: Training schools: one at Poona, India; one for physical directors in Shanghai and another in Montevideo for all of South America; a secretarial training school to be opened in 1920 in Montevideo. Training centers in selected Associations pos- sessing superior staff and equipment constitute a successful method common to all the countries. China is using a novel plan for secretarial training: a peripatetic class, which under expert guidance studies at first hand the work in the stronger Associations. Fellowships in America for advanced training are granted to men of demonstrated capacity and ability, after a period of practical service. This budget provides $20,700 for this type of training. Other native secretaries have studied Association work in America at their own expense, and a few on fellowships provided by local Associations, notably Cleveland. Summer schools similar to those in America are conducted in Japan, China, India, and South America, utilizing in most cases the student con- ference sites and equipment. 51 The training of American secretaries in the language, customs, history, and culture of the sev- eral countries, is in cooperation with Mission Boards at union language schools, for the mainte- nance of which the Association is jointly respon- sible. The Association has made a unique contri- bution by developing at the North China Union Language School, Peking, a new method of teaching languages, the recognized superiority of which has brought to the school, in addition to missionaries, members of the diplomatic corps and representa- tives of business. Subscriptions as follows are needed: 1 at S20.000 = $ 20,000 1 15,000 = 15,000 2 « 10,000 = 20,000 3 u 5,000 = 15,000 5 u 3,000 = 15,000 5 u 1,500 = 7,500 10 u 1,000 = 10,000 20 500 = 10,000 47 $ 112,500 Writing, Translating, and Publishing . $19,960.00 1. The production of Christian literature, at once sympathetic and scholarly, for the educated leaders and students of the several countries, is one of the greatest services of the Y. M. C. A. In each country highly qualified American, European, and native secretaries are set apart for special research and literary work. 2. In India Dr. Farquhar, a specialist on Hin- duism, and Iv. J. Saunders, on Buddhism, have associated with them fifty-five other writers. Ox- ford Press, England, prints anything approved by Dr. Farquhar. The death of Howard Arnold Walter, one of the younger authorities on Moham- medanism, makes it necessary for the Association to find a man for this most difficult task. The steadily increasing sales of the several series of books published by Association Press in India give evidence that Indians, Christian and non-Christian alike, civil servants and other resi- dents, are finding that these books supply a long felt need. Scholars of all religions are becoming friendly, and notable reviews by non-Christians multiply. The Jains asked permission to reprint a book descriptive of their religion, without the two chapters on Christianity, for use in their theological seminaries. When permission was refused they 52 printed it with the chapters because they have nothing to equal it. 3. In China Association Press brought out in 1918 twenty-six new books and forty reprints. The total number of books and pamphlets circulated was 547,402, containing 3,549,356 pages. 4. In Latin America special attention has been given to the translation of Bible study and sex hygiene works of authority. For the first time in South America, two Brazilian physicians last year endorsed Dr. Max J. Exner’s book, “The Physi- cian’s Answer.” 5. The official magazines of the Movement wield powerful influence for Christian standards and programs. The Pioneer in Japan, Association Progress in China, The Young Men of India in India, rank high among monthly publica- tions of their type, and are read by officials and leaders in business. A new Spanish magazine for the Latin world will be launched as soon as neces- sary capital is secured. The $19,960.00 in this budget for literary work provides for three literary secretaries and grants for translation and publication work in four countries. The work is almost entirely self-sup- porting because of the large sales, although the prices are very low. Friendly Relations among Foreign Students . $37,500.00 1. To serve the future leaders of the various nations who are coming to America for study is the work of the Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students, which is a part of the Foreign Work of the Y. M. C. A. Each of our Associations abroad has become a rallying center for all students and distinguished leaders who are looking toward visiting this coun- try. The secretaries of these Associations, there- fore, notify the Committee on Friendly Relations in New York regarding the coming to America of stu- dents and other visitors. Plans have been per- fected whereby the Committee can meet at the steamship piers all such students and visitors and guide them in reaching the institutions which they wish to attend. 2. More than 10,000 students from over 100 nations are now studying in the colleges of the United States and Canada. Our Committee oper- ates chiefly through the local student and city 53 Associations. Local Committees on Friendly Rela- tions have been appointed in the principal student centers, which are responsible for the welfare of all foreign students and special visitors. Frequent receptions in private homes and churches are arranged and plans are made for giving foreign students the maximum opportunity to see Chris- tian homes. Particular assistance is given through these Committees to students who need employ- ment and any aid in making investigations. In addition to this particular service our National Committee on Friendly Relations invites about 500 students annually to attend the student summer conferences as its guests — their board and room being provided by interested friends. 3. Experience has shown that these foreign students in our midst are destined to be the dom- inant forces in the life of their nations; those who were students among us ten and fifteen years ago now hold positions of influence and power among their people. They are the future builders and directors of the Association in their several countries and can influence legislation on behalf of their people. Some of these students meet with misfortune and illness resulting in great physical and financial need; these become dis- couraged and are in danger of being embittered in their attitude toward the United States; there is the feeling that “Christian America” is failing to show a real Christian spirit toward those who come from other countries. With a view to overcoming all of the obstacles and helping to solve the many problems of these future leaders, the Committee on Friendly Rela- tions emploj's special secretaries and cooperates in the magazines of the different national groups. Much of the time of these secretaries is devoted to personal conversation with foreign students and to stimulating American people to extend Christian hospitality to all of these students from abroad. 4. Christian Associations have been organ- ized by the students of China, Japan, and Latin America. Each has its own officers, including a general secretary who gives full or part time. Each publishes a magazine and each promotes the general welfare of the students of that nationality, with particular emphasis on winning them for the Christian life. The Friendly Relations Committee, through the assignment of secretaries home on furlough, gives cooperation and effective aid to these fruitful organizations. This budget is small when the range of work and especially its potentialities are considered. 54 Financial Statement FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1919 Receipts Balance from 1918 $ 2,061.38 City and Railroad Associations 341,895.45 Student Associations 31,132.92 Individuals 556,883.47 Endowment Interest 4,866.53 National War Work Council for Foreign Secretaries allocated to War Work 128,697.04 Foundations and Miscellaneous 63,785.27 Total $1,129,322.06 Expenditures Work in the Japanese Empire $100,642.66 Work in China and Hongkong 494,493.71 Work in the Philippine Islands 14,927.89 Work in India and Southern Asia... . 176,344.10 Work in Europe and the Levant 31,721.21 Work in Latin America 132,042.34 Committee on Friendly Relations among Foreign Students 23,516.03 Special Appropriations 18,271.72 General Work and Home Admini- stration 132,152.68 Total $1,124,112.34 Balance to 1920 $5,209.72 55 Significant Action by the Brotherhood The Foreign Work Commission. The National Employed Officers’ Conference, which met at Lake Geneva in 1914, created a Commission to make a thorough study of the relationship of the North American Associations to the Foreign Work. The following members were appointed: L. Wilbur Messer, E. T. Colton, E. W. Hearne, J. W. Hop- kins, Robert E. Lewis, and A. G. Studer. The Commission made a tentative report to the Em- ployed Officers’ Conference which met at Asilomar in 1915. This Conference continued the Commis- sion and instructed it to accept the invitation of the Committee on International Convention to present its report at the Convention to be held in 1916. The Cleveland Convention, 1916, accepted the report of the Foreign Work Commission and without a dissenting vote adopted the following resolutions: "That the North American Associations recognize and hereby declare that the obligation for the Foreign Work program rests primarily upon our Associations, and that each Association annually, through its board of directors, should adopt an adequate Foreign Work program. "That, in view of the magnitude and urgency of the situation confronting the North American Associations in the non-Christian world, and the grave dangers which will result from a failure to seize and to press the present unprecedented opportunity, steps should be taken by the Foreign Department of the International Committee to organize and carry through in the near future a comprehensive forward movement to augment greatly the resources of this part of our common work, and that the entire Brother- hood be called upon to support such an adequate policy of advance in all ways within their power." At the Employed Officers’ Conference at Springfield, June, 1918, the Findings Committee, appointed to sum up the results of the Employed Officers’ Conference as a whole, reported at the closing session in reference to the Foreign Work as follows: “The sagacity and wisdom of the American Association leaders in pro- jecting the Association Movement into the foreign field is now being seen in the burning light of the War. It constitutes one of the strongest bonis of international sympathy and understanding. We believe that the For- eign Work of the Associations is an essential factor in the full accomplish- ment of America’s aims in the War as expressed by President Wilson — the establishment of justice, democracy, and permanent peace among the nations. Our Association work now occupies such a strong position in mission lands that the obligation of our Brotherhood to support and extend it is vastly increased by War conditions. We therefore urge the Associa- tions to continue and greatly increase their contributions and general financial support and to release from time to time strong American Asso- ciation leaders for service either temporarily or permanently on the foreign field.” 56 The Detroit International Convention, 1919, adopted the following resolutions: "That the Convention note with satisfaction the development of auto- nomous national Association Movements on the foreign field and approve the policy of the International Committee in recognizing the responsibility of the regularly constituted National Committees in Asia and Latin America for the Association program and policy in their respective fields, and author- ize the International Committee to continue to cooperate with these National Movements by sending secretaries and by aiding in providing buildings . “That the Convention call upon the Associations in the United States and Canada to support a program of Foreign Work commensurate with the greatly enlarged opportunities growing out of the War, particularly in Asia, Latin America, and the Near East.” The 1920 Budget Reviewing Committee, appointed in accordance with the action taken at the Detroit Convention: W. M. Crosby, Buffalo, Chairman A. M. Harris, Plainfield, N. J. F. H. Scott, Chicago, 111. H. K. Twitchell, Brooklyn, N. Y. Joseph M. Steele, Philadelphia, Pa. Cyrus H. McCormick, Chicago, 111. W. J. Raybold, Pittsfield, Mass. Walter T. Diack, New York City C. A. Coburn, New Jersey State Committee This representative committee spent a whole day reviewing the budgets of the Home and Foreign Work of the Interna- tional Committee. After careful examination of all of the details, the various subdivisions of the budget were approved one by one, and the following motion was unanimously passed, approving the budget as a whole: "That in view of the urgent demand for the enlargement of the Foreign Work due to needs and calls from the various foreign fields, it is recom- mended that in addition to carrying forward the balance of the year 1919 the budget be increased $198,595, provided the Foreign Committee after getting into touch with the constituents discover that the additional amount required for the proposed enlargement can be satisfactorily arrived at in advance. "Whereas the Budget Reviewing Committee notes with concern an interest charge of $12,266.45 against the Foreign Budget of 1919, be it "Resolved that the Committee commends to the International Committee the policy of maintaining a monthly budget calling for monthly and quar- terly payments on the part of Associations and individuals, with the sug- gestion that those who prefer to make their contributions in one or two payments be urged to send their remittances early in the fiscal year and thus avoid the necessity of making loans.” “Provincialism Is a Back Number 1“ “The War has thrown wide the gates of all nations, has made neighbors of the peoples of the world.” — World Outlook. "The world will finally be won to Christ through Christly contacts. Money makes it possible to put the Christian and non-Christian side by side.” — Bishop F. J. McConnell. “For the whole distracted world today nothing but the Christian solution is adequate. There is need for an advance of the Christian forces all along the line. The Y. M. C. A. is peculiarly adapted to meet the needs of today in all the countries. Shall we turn a deaf ear when all the world calls, ‘Come over and help us’?” — Sherwood Eddy. “We foreign secretaries are here at the point of need as the cutting edge; but you in America must help to bring to bear the Power which will make us effective.” — T. C. McConnell. “I would rather five in this hour than in any hour that the world has ever seen. I would rather have a part in this task than any task the world has ever known.” — Fletcher S. Brockman. “The Foreign Work has been a great help to our local work. The first subscription came five years ago. Our men feel that we are part of a great World Brotherhood, and that the local work is more worth while for this reason. Some w T ho have become interested in the Foreign Work are giving locally from five to twenty times as much as they did five years ago. In no case, are they giving less. All our lives have been enriched by this personal contact with the splendid men on the foreign staff.” — Charles H. Nuttle, Morristown, N. J.