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Author: 
 
 Mesefvey, Atwood Bond 
 
 Title: 
 
 Meservey's book-keeping, 
 single entry 
 
 Place: 
 
 Boston 
 
 Date: 
 
 [1 882] 
 
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 MASTER NEGATIVE * 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 PRESERVATION DIVISION 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET 
 
 ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD 
 
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 Meservey's book-keeping, single entry. For grammar 
 schools. [By] A. B. Meservey ... Boston, Thompson, 
 Brown & CO. ["^1882] 
 
 96 p. incl. forms. 20i"". 
 
 1. Bookkeepings 
 
 , Library of Congfess 
 
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 HFS635.M574 
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 MESERVEY'S 
 
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 BOOK-KEEPIIsrG, 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
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 FOR GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. 
 
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 . : :-.:I^.VBJ:MJE^KiiViEY; Ph.D., 
 
 PRINCIPAL OP THE NEW HAMPTON LITKBABY INSTITUTION, NEW HAMPTON, N.H.; 
 A^HOA oFVoOk'-^-KEE^Wg, isijIGMB -AND DOUBLE ENTRY. 
 
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 BOSTON: 
 PUBLISHED BY THOMPSON, BROWN, & CO., 
 
 23 Hawley Street. 
 
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 MESKKVEY\S TEXT-BOOKS IN BOOK-KEEFING 
 
 Mkskkvey's Book-Kfj:im\<;, SiNia.K am» Dotkiiv Kxtky. 
 For ili.ijli Schools uiitl Academies. 
 
 BliANKS TO ACXJOMPANY THK SAME. Rcveil ill set. 
 
 Meskkvky's Book-Kkkimng, Sin(jlk Entry. 
 
 For Grammar Scliools. 
 Blanks ro accomfvnv rm-: samk. Six in set. 
 
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 Copyright 1875, 1877, 1882, by A. B. Mksekvey aiid C. I>. Tiiyn«. 
 
 
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 PREFACE. 
 
 Formerly only those who expected to become accountants or 
 merchants considered it necessary to study book-keeping; but 
 public sentiment in this respect, for several years, has been gradu- 
 ally changing. Now it is generally admitted that every person 
 should be able to record properly any common business transac- 
 tion. To accomplish this, the simpler forms of book-keeping must 
 be taught in the grammar-schools, to meet the wants of those 
 pupils whose school-days are limited. 
 
 To meet the demand often expressed for the single-entry part 
 of Meservey's Book-keeping as a text-book in the grammar-school 
 grade, without the expense of the double entry, more especially 
 adapted for high schools and academies, this book is prepared. 
 It contains a full treatment of single entry. 
 
 One cause for want of success in teaching book-keeping in the 
 grammar-schools has l)een the want of a proper text-book. It is 
 believed that this little work will be found to meet the require- 
 ments in this respect. It is simple, plain, concise, and progres- 
 sive ; and teachers will find no difficulty in explaining, and pupils 
 no trouble in understanding it. The rules are few and simple, 
 the explanations ample. 
 
 The question and answer method has been used in order to 
 ilhistrate the author's method of teaching the subject. It is not 
 expected that pupils will be confined to the questions and answers 
 111 the text, but that these should serve as models for numerous 
 others which will readily suggest themselves to the teacher. 
 
 Those who desire to obtain a more extensive knowledge of 
 book-keeping are referred to the author's larger work. 
 Nkw Hampton, May 10, 1882. 3 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface 
 
 Introduction to first form 
 
 First form . 
 
 Example I. . . . 
 
 Index to Ledger 
 
 Ledger of first form 
 
 Example II. 
 
 Second form . 
 
 Example III. 
 
 Index to Ledger . 
 
 Ledger of second form 
 
 Example IV. . 
 
 Third form 
 
 Example V. . 
 
 Day-book of third form 
 
 Questions on cash-book 
 
 Cash-book of third form 
 
 Questions on the Ledger 
 
 Ledger of the third form 
 
 Proof of the posting 
 
 Example VI. 
 
 Proof-sheet 
 
 Fouitli form 
 
 Example VII. —Day-book 
 
 Ledger of Example VII. 
 
 Example VIII. 
 
 Filth form 
 
 Example IX 
 
 Invoice-book of Example IX. 
 
 8ales-l)()ok 
 
 Day-book 
 
 Cash-book 
 
 
 
 
 • • • 
 
 Paob. 
 3 
 9 
 13 
 13 
 16 
 18 
 26 
 28 
 29 
 31 
 32 
 36 
 38 
 39 
 41 
 44 
 46 
 48 
 49 
 50 
 52 
 54 
 54 
 56 
 63 
 67 
 69 
 70 
 70 
 73 
 76 
 80 
 
6 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Fauk. 
 
 Ledger of Example IX 82 
 
 Proof-sheet " *' . . . 84 
 
 Bill-book " " 86 
 
 Example X 88 
 
 Proof-sheet of Example X 80 
 
 Balance account " " 91 
 
 Kotes, drafts, &c 92 
 
 Forms 94 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 §, at. 
 
 %, accowd. 
 Acc't, account. 
 Am't, amount. 
 Bal., balance. 
 Bbl., barrel. 
 B. B., hill-book. 
 
 B. R., billit receivable. 
 Bu., bunhel. 
 
 ff cents. 
 Ch., choice. 
 Ctu., cents. 
 
 C. B., canh'book. 
 Co., company. 
 Cr., creditor. 
 
 J>. B., day-book 
 
 Boz., dozen. 
 Dr., debtor. 
 Dr., days. 
 Ex., extra. 
 Ft., feet. 
 Oall., gallon. 
 Gr., ground. 
 Gran., granulated. 
 Hhd., hogshead. 
 I. B., invoice-book. 
 liiBi., pretient month. 
 Int., interest. 
 Inv., inventory. 
 L., ledger. 
 hhB.f pounds. 
 Mdse., merchandiae. 
 
 Mos., mouths. 
 No., nMmi»«r. 
 Oz., ounce. 
 Fr9. , pairn. 
 Per., 6y. 
 %, per cent. 
 Pd., ^lairf. 
 Qt., gnart. 
 Rec'd, received. 
 S. B., saleM-book. 
 Super., superfine. 
 t, £7. S. currency. 
 Vols., volume*. 
 Yds., yards. 
 
 'i 
 
 V 
 
 SINGLE ENTET. 
 
BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SIN^GLE ENTRY. 
 
 1. What is book-keeping? 
 
 Book-keeping is the science of accounts, and the art of record- 
 ing business transactions. # 
 
 2. What is a business transaction ? 
 
 A business transaction is an exchange of values. 
 
 3. How many parties must there be to a business transaction? 
 At least two, a debtor and a creditor. 
 
 4. Who is the debtor? 
 
 The debtor is the person who receives value. 
 
 5. Who is the creditor? 
 
 The person from whom value is received. 
 
 6. What are debits and credits? 
 
 Debits are entries against debtors : credits are entries in favor 
 of creditors. 
 
 7. What is an account? • 
 
 An account is the record of one or several business transactions, 
 arranged under some title, so as to show the proper debits and 
 credits. 
 
 8. How many methods of book-keeping are there? 
 Two, — single entry and double entry. 
 
 9. What is the distinction between the two methods? 
 
 In single entry, an account is kept with only one party to tlie 
 transaction, either the debtor or creditor: in double entry, an 
 account is kept with both parties. 
 
 9 
 
 javu.iL.jiUfi; 
 
10 
 
 BOOK-KEEnXG, 
 
 10. Which method should be learned first? 
 
 Single entry ; because :t is more simple, in more general use, 
 and more practical for ordinary purposes. 
 
 11. What is the simplest form of single entry book-keeping? 
 That in which the ledger only is used. 
 
 12. What is a ledger? 
 
 A ledger is a book in which the results of business transactions 
 are classified under appropriate titles, and the debits proi)erly 
 separated from the credits. 
 
 13. In a ledger of the first form, how many pages are used for 
 an account? 
 
 Two. 
 
 14. What are placed on the right-hand page? 
 Credit entries. 
 
 15. What are placed on the left-hand page? 
 Debit entries. 
 
 16. What is the first horizontal line in a ledger? 
 A single blue line. 
 
 17. What is the second ? 
 A double red line. 
 
 18. What are all the other horizontal lines? 
 Single l)lue. 
 
 19. What is the first vertical line? 
 Single red. 
 
 20. What is the second vertical line? 
 Single red. 
 
 21. The third? 
 Double red. 
 
 22. The fourth? 
 Single red. 
 
 23. Wliere should the number of the page be written? 
 At the upper outside corner. 
 
 24. How far from the top? 
 Far enough to look well. 
 
 25. How far from the margin ? 
 As far as from the top. 
 
 26. With what kind of ink? 
 Black. 
 
 27. What should be written on tlie first horizontal line? 
 The name of the account, and Dr. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 11 
 
 28. Where should each be written ? 
 
 The name of the account should be written in the centre, Dr. 
 over the debit money columns. 
 
 29. What kind of ink should be used on the first line?< 
 Black. 
 
 30. Which wa}' do spaces extend? 
 Across the page. 
 
 31. Which way do columns extend? 
 Vertically. 
 
 32. What should be written in the first column? 
 The year and month. 
 
 ^ 33. Where should thev be written? 
 
 The year should be written in the upper half of the first space, 
 the month in the lower half. 
 
 34. When should either be written again? 
 When it changes. 
 
 35. What should be written in the second column? 
 The day of the month. 
 
 36. What in the third ? 
 
 A record of transactions producing debits. 
 
 37. What in the fourth? 
 Debit dollars. 
 
 38. What in the fifth? 
 Debit cents. 
 
 39. What kind of ink should be used in all these columns? 
 Black, except for closing entries. 
 
 40. How should the credit side of the ledger be ruled ? 
 Like the debit side. 
 
 41. What should be ^Titten on the first horizontal line? 
 
 The name of the account, and Cr. The name should be centred^ 
 and Cr. should be placed over the credit money columns. 
 
 42. What should be written in the first column? 
 (See answers to questions 32, 33, 34.) 
 
 43. What in the second? 
 (See 35 ) 
 
 44. What in the third? 
 
 Records of transactions producing credits. 
 
 45. What in the fourth? 
 Credit dollars. 
 

 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 W 
 
 i 
 
 46. What in the fifth ? 
 Credit cents. 
 
 47. What kind of ink should be used on the credit side ? 
 Black, except the closing entries. 
 
 48. When should black ink be used in making entries ? 
 When the entry is made in its proper place. 
 
 49. When should red ink be used ? 
 
 When the entry is made out of its proper place ? 
 
 50. How should a ledger account be closed ? 
 
 Add the debit money columns ; add the credit money columns ; 
 take the less amount from the greater ; place the difference on the 
 smaller side with red ink ; draw a single red line across the money, 
 columns ; foot the mone}' columns ; draw a double red line across 
 the date and money colums. 
 
 51. Why should the difference be entered on the smaller side ? 
 In order to balance the account. 
 
 52. Why should the entry be made with red ink ? 
 It is not in its proper place. 
 
 53. What shall be done with the red ink balance? 
 
 It should be written below the balance lines, on the opijosite . 
 side of the account, with black ink. 
 
 54. When will there be no red ink entry? 
 When the debit and credit sides are equal. 
 
 55. When will the footings of the money columns, and the 
 single red Hues, be omitted in balancing au account? 
 
 When there is only one amount on eaeli side. 
 
 56. By whom should the first form of accounts be used? 
 
 By mechanics, formers, and others who are not doino- an exten- 
 sive business. 
 
 8INGLE ENTRY. 
 
 13 
 
 
 FIRST FORM. 
 
 The following is a record of part of the business transactions 
 of Lucius S. Gordon, a blacksmith in New Hampton, for the two 
 months commencing Jan. 1, 1875, arranged in the order of their 
 
 occurrence. 
 
 Following this record, is a ledger of the first form, in which 
 all the transactions are arranged under their proper titles, and the 
 debits separated from the credits. The student should provide 
 himself a set of blanks, a good rule, black ink, red ink, black ink 
 pen, red ink pen, ruling pen, pencil, rubber, and blotters. 
 
 The learner should carefully observe the following : — 
 
 1. Thoroughly understand every transaction before making th,. 
 
 entry. 
 
 2. Spell every word coiTCctly. 
 
 3. Write every word neatly. 
 
 4. Make every figure plainly. 
 
 5. Draw every line properly. 
 
 6. Consult the form whenever there may be uncertainty. 
 
 EXAMPLE I. 
 
 RECORD OF BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS. 
 
 JoM. 1, 1875. — Commenced business this year with cash on 
 hand, $67.42. (Every person, however limited his business, 
 should keep a cash account, in order that he may have an accurate 
 record of his receipts and disbursements, and may know at any 
 time the amount of money on hand. It has been agreed by book- 
 keepers, that money on hand and money received shall be entered 
 on the debit side of cash account ; that money paid out shall be 
 entered on the credit side. The above transaction, therefore, 
 should be entered on the Dr. side of cash account.) Shod two 
 horses for J. S. Piper, with new shoes all round, (a) $1.75 each, 
 which we have charged him on %. (J. S. P. Dr.) 
 
 Jan, 4. —Paid Ward, Humphrey, '& Co.'s bill for iron, $47.18. 
 (To be entered on the Cr. side of cash %.) J. S. Piper has 
 this day hauled a load of iron and coal from Bristol, for which we 
 credit him $2.00 on account (J. S. P. Cr.) 
 
% 
 
 14 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 Jan. (■>. — Mended sleigh for C. D. Thyng, $2,31. (C. D. T. Dr.) 
 Shoil oxen for E. C. Lewis, $3.00. (E. C. L. Dr.) Shaqicned 
 iron bar for Hon. Dana Woodman, $0.18. Paid cash for beef 
 78J2J. (Cash Cr.) 
 
 Jaw. 8. — Bought of M. H. Merrow on %, 1 bag meal, $1.76; 
 10 lbs. granulated sugar, (a> 13^ ; 2 lbs. raisins, (a) 250 ; 1 gal. 
 molasses, 670 ; 1 lb. tea, $1.25 ; 1 bar soap, 30^. (M. H. M. Cr. ) 
 
 Jan. 9. Charged Dana Woodman $3.00 for mending shafting 
 for mill, and 28^ for mending chains. Shod horse for Wm. Dver, 
 $1.75. Set two shoes on horse of M. H. Merrow, 300. Paid for 
 coal $6.91. (Cash Cr.) Received cash for work this week, 
 $13.47. (Cash Dr.) 
 
 Jan. 11. — Shod two horses for J. D. Moore, /S) $1.75 ; mended 
 sleigh, $1.62; made 4 staples, (a) 10^, which we liave charged to 
 his %, Bought 1 bbl. flour of M. H. Merrow, $10.75 ; 10 lbs. 
 lard, (€b 140 ; 4J lbs. cheese, (cb 20^. (M. H. M. Cr.) Paid him 
 $14.00 cash. (M. H. M. Dr., and Cash Cr.) 
 
 Jan. 14. — Hon. Dana Woodman has this day hauled me two 
 bads slab wood, (a) Ihf ; and I have shod his horse, and charged 
 him $1.75. (D. W. Cr. and Dr.) 
 
 Jan. 16. —Bought of C. D. Thyng on %, 1 quart oysters, 300 ; 
 J bush, apples, 63^ ; and charged him for shoeing sled $6.50. 
 (C. D. T. Cr. and Dr.) Bought of Wm. Dyer on %, 32 lbs. old 
 iron, (€^ 20. (W. D. Cr.) Received cash for work this week, 
 $8.42. 
 
 Jan. 18. — Hired horse and sleigh of E. C. Lewis to go to Bris- 
 tol, for which I credit him $1.00. Hon. Dana Woodman has this 
 day i>aid cash to balance his %. (This should be entered on the 
 Cr. side of Dana Woodman's account, and on the Dr. side of 
 cash account.) 
 
 Jan. 19. — Shod horse for E. C. Lewis, $1.75. Made for M. H. 
 MeiTOW 2 large bolts, ® 750, and 12 small bolts, (a> 8^. Paid tax, 
 $13.50. (CashCr.) 
 
 Jan. 23. — Shod 2 yoke oxen for J. S. Piper, rS) $3.00 ; made for 
 him also 1 sled bridle, $2.00 ; bolted yoke, 750. Received cash 
 for work this week, $7.50. 
 
 Jaw. 25. — Paid cash for insurance, $8.42. J. D. Moore has 
 paid cash on %, $5.00. Made yoke irons for J. S. Piper, $1.75 ; 
 and he has hauled me 2 cords green wood, (a> $4.00. Fixed 
 
 \ 
 
 MS 
 
 s 
 
 f 
 
 \ 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 15 
 
 iron dogs for Dana Woodman, 940. Set shoes on his sled, 
 $1.87. 
 
 Jan. 26. — Set one shoe on horse for E. C. Lewis, 150. Mended 
 chain for him, 20^. 
 
 Jaw. 28. — Bought of M. H. Merrow on %^ 6 yds. print, (a) 
 12^0; 2 yds. doeskin, (a) $1.75; 14 lbs. lard, fa) 130; ^ lbs. 
 butter, (a) 310; 1 lamp, $1.75. Set 2 shoes on ox, 200, and 
 mended sleigh, 780, for E. C. Lewis. He has paid me cash on 
 %, $5.00. 
 
 Jan. 30. — Bought of E. C. Lewis on %, 2 cords dry wood, (a> 
 $5.00 per cord. Received cash for work this week, $9.72. 
 
 Feb. 1. — Mended staple, 250; fixed whippletree, 420; mended 
 chain-hook, 190, for Wm. D3'er on %. 
 
 Feb. 4. — Set shoes on horse for J. D. Moore, 60^. 
 
 Feb. 6. — Made 2 bolts for Dana Woodman, (a) 200. Received 
 cash for work this week, $18.31. 
 
 Feb. 8. — Charged E. C. Lewis for work as follows: shoeino- 
 horse, $3.00 ; bolting yoke, 370 ; repairing staple, 420. 
 
 Feb. 11. — Bought of Dana Woodman on %, 134 ft. boards, ® 
 2p per foot. Bought of M. H. Merrow on %, 1 box salt 420 ; 
 1 gal. oil, 280. 
 
 Feb. 13. — Made pork-hook for M. H. Merrow, 25^. Received 
 cash for work this week, $7.41. 
 
 Feb. 15. — Bought of J. S. Piper on %, 2 bu. potatoes, (a) 02p ; 
 1 bu. turnips, 75^ ; | ton hay, $9.00 ; paid him cash, $6.00. 
 
 Feb. 17. — Shod horse for Dana W^oodman, $1.75. 
 
 Feb. 19. — Received of C. D. Thyng, cash to balance %, $7.88. 
 
 Feb. 20. — Set shoes on horse for Wm. Dyer, 600. Received 
 cash for work this week, $14.06. 
 
 Feb. 22. —Received of Wm. Dyer cash on %, $2.00. Paid 
 New Hampton Institute, cash for tuition, $6.00. 
 
 Feb. 25. — Made 1 set hinges for Dana Woodman, 750. 
 
 Feb. 27. — Received cash for work this week, $9.63. 
 
 The several accounts are now to be closed with red ink balances, 
 and these are to be brought down on the opposite side with black 
 ink. As the month ends Sunday, the ledger may be closed Satur- 
 day, 27th, and the black ink balances should be dated March 1. 
 
 The student should thoroughly study this record, trace every 
 transaction to its proper place, and then correctly post it to ledger 
 No. 1. 
 
l imH! ! < !■ ■ 
 
 I 
 
 16 BOOK-Kh:i:piNG. 
 
 INDEX TO LEDGER. 
 
 The Index to the ledger is usually placed in a long, narrow book made specially for th« 
 purpose. On the first page are placed all tlie names in the ledger conuuencing wiih A ; 
 on the next, all those beginning with B; and so on : but we aiTange this as below in cu.ler 
 to save space. 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 Paok. Names. 
 
 Faob. 
 
 Cash, 
 
 18 
 
 H 
 
 D 
 
 Dyer, William, 24 
 
 J 
 
 ■ 
 
 K 
 
 r 
 
 L 
 
 Lewis, E. C, 22 
 
 SINGLE FSTRY. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Page. Names. 
 
 17 
 
 Page 
 
 Merrow, M. H., 
 Moore, J. D., 
 
 M 
 
 24 
 24 
 
 Thyng, C. D., 
 
 20 
 
 N 
 
 U 
 
 Piper, J. S., 
 
 20 
 
 W 
 
 Woodman, Hon. Dana, 
 
 22 
 
 8 
 
 ., At y 
 
 Mill 
 
18 
 
 lit 
 
 it 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 \yASH. 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jail. 
 
 (4 
 
 (1 
 
 Feb. 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 16 
 18 
 23 
 25 
 28 
 30 
 
 6 
 
 « .» 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 27 
 
 To amount on hand, 
 " rec'd for work this week. 
 
 1% 
 
 a 
 
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 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 M 
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 (( 
 
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 of Hon. Dana Woodman to bal. %, 
 
 for work this week, 
 amount rec'd of J. I). Moore on %, 
 rec'd of E. C. Lewis on %, 
 
 for work this week, 
 
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 i( 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 ii 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 (I 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 Mar. 
 
 of C. D. Thyng to balance %, 
 for work this week, 
 of Wm. Dyer on %, 
 for work this week, 
 
 To balance brought down, 
 
 67 
 
 42 
 
 13 
 
 47 
 
 8 
 
 42 
 
 3 
 
 71 
 
 7 
 
 50 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 9 
 
 72 
 
 18 
 
 31 
 
 7 
 
 41 
 
 7 
 
 88 
 
 14 
 
 06 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 9 
 
 63 
 
 179 
 
 53 
 
 76 74 
 
 57. What should be entered on the debit side of cash % ? 
 The amount of money on hand at commencing, and all money 
 afterward received. 
 
 68. W^hat should be entered on the credit side of cash % ? 
 
 All money paid out. 
 
 59. What Is the first step in closing the above cash % ? 
 
 Add the debit amounts, which we find to be $179:53. This is 
 the total amount of receipts during the two months. 
 
 60. Wliat is the second step? 
 
 Add the credit amounts, which we find to be $102.79. This is 
 the total amount of disbursements. 
 
 61. What is the third step? 
 
 Subtract the less amount from the greater, and enter the dift'er- 
 ence on the credit side with red ink. The difference is $70.74, 
 which is the amount of mone}' on hand. 
 
 62. What is the difference sometimes called? 
 
 It is called a balance, because it serves to balance the %. 
 
 63. Why is it entered with red ink? 
 
 Because it is not in its proper place. The credit side of cash 
 % was made for money paid out, and this balance is the amount 
 of money on hand. 
 
 m 
 
 4) |< 
 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4 
 
 (( 
 
 ^ i 
 
 i( 
 
 f 9 1 
 
 u 
 
 11 
 
 il 
 
 19 
 
 (. 
 
 25 
 
 Feb. 
 
 15 
 
 I: 
 
 22 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 Cash. 
 
 By paid Ward, Humphrey, & Co.'s bill, 
 " ' for beef, 
 for coal, 
 
 M. H. Merrow on %, 
 paid tax, 
 " for insurance, 
 J. S. Piper on %, 
 for tuition to New Hampton Inst., 
 
 19 
 
 Cr. 
 
 u 
 (( 
 « 
 (( 
 (( 
 u 
 
 (( 
 
 « 
 
 u 
 
 
 
 47 
 
 18 
 78 
 
 
 6 
 
 91 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 13 
 
 50 
 
 .8 
 
 42 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 179 
 
 53 
 
 i 
 
 
 64. Why, then, is it placed on the credit side? 
 
 Because we wish to balance the %, and this is the only amount 
 which will balance it. 
 
 65. What is the fourth step? 
 
 Draw single lines under the figures opposite each other across 
 the money columns. 
 
 ^^. What is the fifth step? 
 Foot the money columns. 
 
 67. What is the sixth step? 
 
 Draw double lines across the date and money columns. 
 
 68. What is the seventh step? 
 
 Bring down the red ink balance on the opposite side, below the 
 balance lines, with black ink to indicate that it is in its proper 
 place. 
 
 69. Will this % now stand as l)efore it was balanced? 
 
 It is the same ; for we have credited the % with $76.74, and we 
 have also debited the same amount. In other words, we have 
 thrown out the amount of the credit side from both sides of the 
 %, and made each $102.79 less than before; leaving $76.74 on 
 the debit side, which is the amount on hand at the beginning of the 
 next month. 
 
20 
 
 i 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 J. S. Piper. 
 
 Dr 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 t. 
 
 u 
 a 
 
 Fob. 
 
 1 To shoeing 2 horses @ 11.75, 
 
 23 « " 2 yoke oxen @ 13.00, §6.00 
 " 1 sled brief! e, 2.00 
 " bolting yoke, .75 
 
 25 " yoke irons, 
 
 15 " cash on %, : 
 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 i 6 
 
 50 
 
 75 
 75 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 
 
 70. What are accounts with persons sometimes called? 
 Personal accounts. 
 
 71. What is entered on the debit side of this % ? 
 Our account against him, which is $20.00. 
 
 72. What is entered on the credit side? 
 His account against us, which is $20.99. 
 
 73. What is the difference? 
 
 The amount we owe him, which is 990. 
 
 74. Where should this be entered? 
 
 It should be entered as a balance on the debit side with red ink. 
 
 V/. J-/. X IT 1 ^ vjr« 
 
 Br 
 
 6 
 16 
 
 To mending sleigh, 
 " shoeing sled, 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 31 
 50 
 
 
 8 
 
 81 
 
 
 
 78. Why is this account closed with no red ink entry? 
 Because he paid cash to balance his account, which was entered 
 in the proper place to his credit. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 J. S. Piper. 
 
 21 
 
 Or. 
 
 18T5. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 4 
 
 It 
 
 25 
 
 Feb. 
 
 15 
 
 H 
 
 
 U 
 
 
 
 
 By hauling iron and coal from Bristol, 
 " 2 cords green wood @ $4.00, 
 
 2 bushels potatoes @ 62 , 
 
 1 bushel turnips, 
 
 I ton hay, 
 
 i< 
 
 « 
 
 (( 
 
 Mar. 
 
 Balance brought down, 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 00 
 
 
 8 
 
 00 
 
 $1.24 
 
 
 
 .75 
 
 
 
 9.00 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 99 
 
 
 20 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 99 
 
 75. Why on the debit side? 
 Because it is the smaller. 
 
 76. Why with red ink? 
 
 It is not in its proper place. The debit side of the % was made 
 for our % against him, and this red ink balance is what we owe 
 him. 
 
 77. What shall now be done with the red ink balance? 
 
 ^ It should be brought down below the balance lines, on the credit 
 side, with black ink, as the balance of his % against us. 
 
 C. D. Thyxg. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 it 
 
 Feb. 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 By 1 quart oysters, 
 ^ bushel apples, 
 cash to balance %, 
 
 u 
 it 
 
 
 
 Or. 
 
 .30 
 .63 
 
 7 
 
 93 
 
 88 
 
 
 8 
 
 81 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 79. How was this amount ascertained? 
 
 By subtracting the sum of the credits from the sum of the debits. 
 

 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 Edwin C. Lewis. 
 
 Dr, 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 fi 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 8 
 
 % « 
 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 lo shoeing oxen, 
 
 
 
 1 3 
 
 00 
 
 " shoeing horse, 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 75 
 
 " setting slioe on horse. 
 
 .15 
 
 
 
 " mentliiig chain, 
 
 
 .20 
 
 
 35 
 
 " setting two shoes 
 
 on ox, 
 
 .20 
 
 
 
 " mending sleigh, 
 
 
 .78 
 
 
 98 
 
 " shoeing horse, 
 
 
 13.00 
 
 
 
 " bolting yoke, 
 
 
 .37 
 
 
 
 " repairing staple, 
 
 
 .42 
 
 3 
 16 
 
 79 
 00 
 
 80. What does a red ink balance on the debit side of a personal 
 account show? 
 Our indebtedness to tlie person. 
 
 Hon. Dana Woodman. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6 
 9 
 
 14 
 
 To sharpening iron bar, 
 
 " mending shafting, $3.00 
 " mending chains, .28 
 " shoeing horse, 
 
 To fixing iron dogs, .94 
 " setting shoes on sled, $1.87 
 
 " 2 bolts (rt) 20^', 
 " shoeing horse, 
 " 1 set hinges, 
 
 To balance brought down, 
 
 18 
 
 3 28 
 1 75 
 
 5 21 
 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 2 81 
 40 
 
 1 75 
 75 
 
 5 71 
 
 March 
 
 1 
 
 3 03 
 
 81. Why was this account balanced Jan. 18? 
 Because he paid what was then due, and the account was 
 balanced. 
 
 r 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 18 
 
 (t 
 
 28 
 
 (< 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 Edwin C. Lewis. 
 
 By liorse and sleigh to Bristol, 
 " cash on %, 
 " 2 cords wood (dry), @ $5.00, 
 
 March 1 By balance brought down, 
 
 Hon. Dana Woodman. 
 
 1 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 23 
 
 Cr. 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 16 00 
 6 13 
 
 Cr, 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 By two loads wood @ 75^, 
 " cash to balance %, 
 
 By 134 feet boards, 2f, 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 71 
 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 Feb. 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 68 
 
 
 5 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 !l 
 
24 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 9 
 
 n 
 
 11 
 
 n 
 
 19 
 
 it 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 13 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 M. H. Merrow. 
 
 82. When should the partial amounts be short-extended? 
 When there are two or more items in the transaction. 
 
 83. What is meant l)y short-extended? 
 Dropped before the double line. 
 
 William Dyer. 
 
 1876. 
 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 9 
 
 To shoeina; horse, 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1 
 
 " niendini? stable. 
 
 <( 
 
 
 " fixinj; whippletree, 
 
 ti 
 
 
 " mendina: chaui hook, 
 
 li 
 
 20 
 
 " setting shoes on horse, 
 
 Br. 
 
 To setting 2 shoes on horse, 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 *' cash on %, 
 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 *' making 2 large bolts, @ 75^, 
 
 fl.50 
 
 
 
 " making 12 small bolts, @, 8,«^, 
 
 .96 
 
 2 
 
 46 
 
 *' pork hook, 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 i 
 
 • 
 
 ' 
 
 m 
 
 . 
 
 
 29 
 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 Br 
 
 to 
 
 jjiar. 
 
 To balance brought dowii, 
 
 2.5 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 m 
 
 GO 
 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 57 
 
 ^ 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 M. H. Merrow. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 8 
 
 (( 
 
 
 i< 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 it 
 
 11 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 tt 
 
 
 t( 
 
 
 (1 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 11 
 
 By 
 
 n 
 n 
 a 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 i( 
 (< 
 (( 
 
 1 bag meal, 
 
 10 lbs. gran, sugar, @ ISf, 
 
 2 lbs. raisins, (^ 25J^, 
 1 gal. molasses, 
 
 1 lb. tea, 
 1 bar soap, 
 
 1 bbl. flour, 
 
 10 lbs. lard, @ Uf, 
 4i lbs. cheese, @ 20/' 
 6 yds. print, @ 121^', 
 
 2 yds. doeskin, @ $1.75, 
 14 lbs. lard, @ 13,<^, 
 
 Oi lbs. butter, @ 31;^, 
 1 lamp, 
 1 box salt, 
 1 gal. oil, 
 
 Mar. 1 i By balance brought down. 
 
 84. What is meant b}' fall-extended? 
 Carrying the footing into the money columns. 
 
 25 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 
 William Dyer. 
 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 
 Feb. 
 
 16 
 22 
 
 By 32 lbs. old iron, @ 2<^, 
 *' cash on %, 
 
 By balance, 
 
 2 
 
 64 
 
 00 
 
 
 3 
 
 r 
 21 
 
 
 1 
 
 ; 1 
 
 1875. 
 Jan. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 March 
 
 11 
 
 Joseph D. Moore. 
 
 To shoeing 2 liorses, @ $1.75, 
 " mending sleigh, 
 '* raaking"4 staples, @ lO*', 
 
 setting shoes on horse, 
 
 (( 
 
 To balance brouglit down. 
 
 Br 
 
 $3.50 
 
 1.62 
 
 .40 
 
 5 
 
 52 
 CO 
 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 Joseph D. Moore. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Jan. 25 By cash on %, 
 
 Cn 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
26 
 
 BOOK-KKEP/NG. 
 
 J:!iJvA.J\li Lihj II. 
 
 Record of some of the business transactions of J. S. Granger, 
 a farmer, for January and February, 187o. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1875. — Cash on hand this day, $31.17. (This should 
 be entered on the debit side of cash %.) 
 
 Bought of James Graham on %, 1 bbl. flour, $9.75; 42 lbs. 
 granulated sugar, ^ 13^ ; 2 lbs. raisins, fa) 2Gp ; 1 lb. tea, $1.37 ; 
 8 lbs. coffee, (a) Up. (J. G. Cr.) Paid cash for tax, $19.00. 
 (Cash Cr.) 
 
 Jan. 4. — Sold Galon Keene on %, 2 cords dry wood, fa) $4.75 ; 
 and 1 cord green wood, $4.12. (G. K. Dr.) 
 
 Jan. 6. — Sold four-year-old colt for $162. (Cash Dr.) 
 
 Jan. d.— Bought of George Allen on %, 1 pr. men's thick 
 boots, $6.75 ; 2 prs. boy's boots, fa) 5.25. (G. A. Cr.) 
 
 Jan. 11.— Paid James Graham cash on %, $15.00. (J. G. 
 Dr. and Cash Cr.) John H. Eastman shod our horse, and charged 
 us on %, $1.75, and mended chain, 31^. (J. H. E. Cr.) We 
 have sold him 1 bbl. apples, $3.50 ; 4 bu. potatoes, fa) bGp ; 16 lbs. 
 butter, fa) 300. (J. H. E. Dr.) 
 
 Jan. 14. —Bought of Charles H. Fogg on %, 12 yds. Merrimac 
 print, fa) 12|^; 17 yds. bleached sheeting, fa) lop ; 4 yds. flannel, 
 fa) 500. Sold him 1 ton hay, $18.00; J bu. beans, $1.00. (C. 
 H. F. Cr. and Dr.) 
 
 Jan. 18. — Sold James Graham on %, 1 cheese, 28 lbs., To) 
 21^ ; 14 bu. potatoes, fB 4bp ; 2 bbls. apples, fa) $3.50 ; 6 cab- 
 bages, fa) UP ; and bought of him 10 gals, molasses, fa) Q2P ; 1 
 box salt, 420 ; i gross matches, 400 ; J lb. nutmegs, 450 ; j lb. 
 gr. pepper, 12^. (J. G. Dr. and Cr.) 
 
 Jan. 20. — John H, Eastman has ironed sled, and charged us on 
 %$7.42. (J. H. E. Cr.) 
 
 Paid cash for '' Mirror and Farmer" one year, $1.00. 
 
 Jan. 23. — Bought of Charles H. Fogg 3 yds. doeskin, fa) $1.75 ; 
 trimmings for pants, $1.10; 1 pr. gloves, 75^; 1 horse-blanket, 
 #4.25. 
 
 Jan. 25. -Paid George Allen cash to balance %, $17.25. 
 (G. A. Dr. and Cash Cr.) Galon Keene hired horse and sleigh 
 of us to go to Belfast, for which we charge him $3.00 on %. 
 
 .. 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 27 
 
 Jan. 28. — Bought of Amos C. Brooks, on %, 1 cooking-stove, 
 $35.50. Sold him 4 cords green wood, ^ $4.00 ; 1 cord dry wood, 
 $5.00. 
 
 Jan. 30. — Credited John Adams for one month's work, $30. 
 Sold him on %, 1 ham, 20 lbs., fa) VI^p ; 3 doz. eggs, fa) 25p ; 1 
 bbl. apples, $4.25; 1 bu. corn, 92^; 1 bu. rye, $1.10; and paid 
 him cash to balance, $20.48. 
 
 Feb. 1. — Bought of Webster Moody on %, 500 ft. hemlock 
 boards, fa) 2^p per ft. ; 2 thousand No. 1 shingles, fa) $3.00 ; 425 
 ft. pine boards, r'o) 3p per ft. Sold him one ton hay, $18.00 ; 20 
 bu. oats, (a) 700. 
 
 Feb. 4. — Galon Keene has made for me 1 bookcase valued at 
 $20.75, wliich I credit him on %. Bought of George Allen on 
 %, 2 pr. children's rubber boots, fa) $1.75; 1 pr. kid slippers, 
 $2.25. Sold for cash 30 bu. potatoes, la) 450. 
 
 Feb. 6. — John H. Eastman has shod our oxen, and charged us 
 on % $3.00. Bought of Charles H. Fogg, 18 yds. alpaca, fa) Ihp ; 
 6 yds. cambric, fa) 12|0 ; 1 doz. buttons, 500 ; 1 spool machine 
 silk, 250. 
 
 Feb. 8. — Bought of Amos C. Brooks, 1 bird-cage, $2.25; 1 
 coffee-pot, $1.00. Galon Keene hired oxen of me for hauling 
 lumber, for which we charge him on % $2.00. 
 
 Feb. 10. — Sold for cash, 1 heifer for $30.00. Paid Dr. Samu^ 
 Johnson, cash, $10.75, for medical attendance. 
 
 Feb. 13. — Let John Adams have on % , 1 cord dry wood, $4. 7.> ; 
 2 bu. potatoes, (a) 620; \ bu. beans, $1.00; 6 lbs. pork, fa) 18p 
 Galon Keene has repaired two tables, and charged us on 'J^, $1.75. 
 Charged Webster Moody $2.00 for use of oxen. 
 
 Feb. 15. — Sold James Graham on %, 10 lbs. dried apple, fa) 
 120 ; 30 lbs. butter, fa) 300 ; 10 doz. eggs, (a) 2bp. Bought of 
 him I lb. castile soap, 120; 1 bu. sa'it, 900; 10 lbs. codfish, (a) 
 80 ; 5 gals, kerosene oil, ^400. 
 
 Feb. 16. — Gave John Adams order on James Graham for 1 bbl. 
 flour, $10.25. (J. A. Dr. and J. G. Cr.) 
 
 Feb. 18. — John H. Eastman has set shoes on horse for us, 
 60^ ; also mended chain, 200, and shovel Ibp^ for which he has 
 charged us on %. 
 
 Feb. 19. —Paid cash for seed, $5.95. Sold Charles H. Fogg J 
 cord pine wood, $1.00, and paid him $10.50 cash on %. Bought 
 
28 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 29 
 
 I 
 
 11 
 
 Of him 12 yds. denim, fa) 28^. Galon Keene hired our horse to go 
 to Camden, for which we charge him $3,00 on %. 
 
 Feb. 20. — Let John Adams have on %, 10 lbs. lard, (a) 22p ; 5 
 lbs. dried apple, ^ 10^ ; 1 bu. corn, d2p, 
 
 Feb. 22. — Bought of George Allen on %, 1 pr. ladies' boots, 
 13.25 ; 1 pr. rubber overshoes, 75^. 
 
 Feb. 23.— Bouglit of Webster Moody on %, 134 ft. boards, fa) 
 %f per ft., and 1,500 laths, $2.50. Galon Keene lias made me GO 
 sap-buckets, m 40^, for which he has charged me on %, 
 
 Feb. 25.— Bought of Amos C. Brooks 2 sap-pans, (^ $5.00, 
 and paid him cash on %, $10.50. Bought of James Graham 1 lb. 
 tea, $1.37 ; 20 lbs. wrought-iron nails, ® 3^ ; 2 gals, linseed oil, 
 (a) $1.00 ; 5 lbs. raisins, (a) 25^ ; 10 lbs. rice, (cb 10^. 
 
 Feb. 27. — Credited John Adams for one month's work, $30.00. 
 Paid him cash to bal. %, $8.06. Sold George Allen on %, 1 ton 
 hay, $18.00. Sold Webster Moody 9 bu. potatoes, (a> 60^ on %. 
 
 This record should be written out in a manner similar to the 
 first example. If correctly entered in tlie ledger, there will be a 
 cash account, and eight personal accounts. J. S. Granger will 
 have $118.18 cash on hand ; he will owe James Graham 72^, Galon 
 Keene, $24.88, J. H. Eastman $2.81», Charles II. Focnr S5 2G 
 Amos C. Brooks $17.25. George Allen will owe him $8.25, 
 Webster Moody $2.97, and John Adams's % will balance. 
 
 SECOND FORM. 
 
 85. In the second form of accounts, how many books are used' 
 The ledger onl^-. 
 
 86. How many pages are used for an account? 
 One. 
 
 87. What three things are written on the tirst blue line? 
 The name of the account. Dr., and Cr. 
 
 88. Where should Dr. ]>e written? 
 Over the first, or debit money columns. 
 
 89. Where should Cr. be written? 
 
 Over the second, or credit mone}' columns. 
 
 90. How shouhl the date be written ? 
 As in the first form. 
 
 i>i« 
 
 L 
 l\ 
 
 91 What should be written in the third column? 
 Tlie debit and credit items in the order of their occurrence 
 Each debit entry should commence with - To," and each credit 
 
 entry with ''By." i 5 
 
 i)2. What should be written in the first set of money columns." 
 
 Debit amounts. 
 
 93. What in the second? 
 
 Credit amounts. 
 
 94. What kind of ink should be used in a ledger of the second 
 
 form? , , -, 1 A 
 
 Black, except the closing entries, which should be red. 
 
 EXAMPLE in. 
 
 Record of some of the business transactions of William S. 
 Conant, who keeps a grocery store in a country village. 
 
 March 1, 1875. — William S. Conant has cash on hand amount- 
 
 intr to $3,000. (Cash Dr.) 
 
 \arcU 2. -Bought of Marshall Wiley for cash h.s -t.re stoclr 
 of groceries and provisions, for which we have paid h.m $2,834,16. 
 We have also rented his store, and paid him for rent one month m 
 advance, 811.00. Paid for sundry expenses, 813.84. 
 
 March 3. -Sold John F. Fuller on %, 1 bbl. flour, $11.2o , 1 
 bu meal 96^ ; 4 gals, molasses, <® 75)«. Received for cash sales 
 this day, $14.21. (The money received for sales during the day .8 
 pled ii. the money drawer : at night it is counted, and the whole 
 amount entered on tlie debit side of cash %. See 131.) 
 
 .Varcft 4. - Sold John Baldwin on %, 14 lbs. gi-an. sugar, ® 
 m ; G lbs. raisins, <a> 23^ ; 8 lbs. pork^ W Sold James 1. 
 Haines on %, i bu. apples, ® $1.20 ; 2 bu. potatoes, <2) 63^. Re- 
 ceived cash for sales this day, 89.00. 
 
 March 5. -Sold Samuel G. Oakes on %, 1 gal. vinegar, 42^ , 1 
 bbl. apples, $4.25 ; 100 lbs. codfish, ® 7^ Bought of -niomas 
 K Peavey on %, 21 bu. oats, ® 720 ; 61 lbs. butter, ® 30^ , 
 62 lbs. dried apple, ® 9>*. Paid him cash on %, $20.00. Re- 
 ceived cash for sales this day, $14.00. 
 
 March 6. -Sold Mrs. H. M. Demons on %, 1 bbl. flour, $9,76 , 
 18 lbs. lard, ® 14^ ; i bu. rye meal, 50P. Received cash foi 
 sales this day, $21.50. 
 
mmm 
 
 50 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 31 
 
 March 8.^ Sold John F. Fuller on %, 2 doz. eggs, ® 25^; 8 
 bs cheese, fa> m ; l box salt. 42^ ; 8 lbs. cooking sugar, (a) W ' 
 1 lb tea, $1.75 ; 2 lbs. soda, ® 8^. Received for sales this day,' 
 •1 / .00. •' 
 
 March 9. -Sold James Y. Haines on %, 6 lbs. butter, ® 35>!- 
 i busl^ onions, ® 81.50; 4 cabbages, fa, Uft ; 3 lbs. honey, « 
 30*;. Received cash this day for sales, $13.50. 
 
 M.rcA10.-Sold Mrs. H. M. Demons on %, i bu. beans, 
 «1.00; i bu. peas, 50^; 1 qt. oysters, 50^; and she has paid 
 cash t'jbalance her %. 
 
 March 11. — Paid cash for insurance, $28.00. Boun-ht of Jolm 
 Baldwin on % 1 pr. boots for self, $9.00, and two pr. for bovs, ® 
 $5.2o. Sold him i lb. gr. pepper, 12^ ; J lb. allspice, W; i 
 cmnamon, 20;! ; i cloves, 25)». Received cash for sales this day! 
 $24.00. 
 
 March 12. —Received cash for sales this day, $21.00 
 
 ftQ^"''Vi;:;.^''"^''^ «^ Samuel G. Oakes on % | ton hay, 
 $J.OO Sold Thomas K. Feavey on % 1 gal. sirup, $1.12. Re- 
 ceived for sales this day, $18.00. 
 
 March 15.^ Sold John F. Fuller on, % 3 lbs. coffee, ® 46^ • 4 
 doz. eggs, fa) 25^ ; 8 lbs. maple sugar, fa) 20. He has made for 
 us one suit of clothes, and charged us on %, $37.00. Cash for 
 the day's sales, $19.00. 
 
 March 16. — Cash received for sales this day, $17.50. 
 
 Mawh 17. -Sold James Y. Haines on %, 1 chicken, 4 lbs. fa) 
 W ; 2 lbs. Turkey prunes, fa) 15^ ; 2 gals, kerosene oil, fa) 40^ ; 
 10 lbs. oatmeal, fa) 60, Paid cash for freight, $7.95. Cash re- 
 ceived for sales this day, $21.00. 
 
 March 18. - Sold John Baldwin on %, 30 lbs. lard, fa) 18^ ; 4 
 bu. cracked corn, 37^; 1 box Smyrna figs, 50^. Sold San.uel 
 l^. Uakes on % 30 lbs. gran, sugar, fa) WP. Received cash foi 
 sales this day, $26.00. 
 
 Mirch 19. —Received cash for sales, $29.00. 
 
 Jfarc/. 20. --Sold Thomas K. Peavey on %, 10 lbs. rice, fa) 
 W ; 2 oz. indigo, fa) UP ; l lb. borax, 32^. Sold Mrs. H. M. 
 Demons 1 paper silver gloss starch, 20^ ; 1 box yeast powder, 
 ^of ; 1 package sea moss tarine, 25^. Paid cash for school-books 
 ior boy, $3.9o. Received cash for sales this day, $30.00. 
 
 March 23. —Sold James Y. Haines on % 4 lbs. chees^, (a) 18p ; 
 
 ( 
 
 % 
 
 I 
 
 15 lbs. coffee sugar, ^ 12^; 1 lb. cream tartar, 60p ; 1 lb. soda, 
 10^. Received cash for sales this day, $19.00. 
 
 March 24. — Sold Mrs. H. M. Demons on %, 2 lbs. chocolate, 
 ^ 37|0 ; 1 lb. cocoa, 37^. Received cash for sales this day, 
 $23.50. 
 
 March 27. —Sold Samuel G. Oakes on %, 1 bu. herds-grass 
 seed, $4.00; 20 lbs. clover seed, ^15^; 1 bu. red-top, $5.00; 
 1 cask Rockland lime, $1.50. Bought of him on % 2 cords dry 
 wood, fa) $5.00. Received cash for sales this day, $25.50- 
 
 March 29. — Sold John F. Fuller on %, 1 gal. gherkin^75^ ; 
 ^ lb. nutmegs, 42^. Received cash for sales this day, $24.^1 
 
 March 30. — James Y. Haines has paid cash to balance his %, 
 $12.08. Cash received for sales this day, $28.00. 
 
 March 31. — Sold Thomas K. Peavey on %, 1 bbl. crackers, 
 $4.50. Paid for sundry expenses, $19.23. Received cash for 
 sales this day, $18.50. 
 
 INDEX TO LEDGER. 
 
 ■ 
 
 NAMES. 
 
 
 
 
 PAGES 
 
 ■ 
 
 Bjiklwiii, Jolin 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 ■ 
 
 Cash 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 ■ 
 
 Demons, Mrs. H. M. 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 i 
 
 Fuller, Jolm F. . 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 Haines, James Y. . 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 - 
 
 Oakes, Samuel G. . 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 ft 
 
 Peavey, Thomas K. 
 
 :,:" 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 iiSiiiP!^ 
 
'^ 
 
 
 S2 
 
 1875. 
 Mai. 
 
 I( 
 «( 
 tf 
 • I 
 
 ■ < 
 l( 
 
 ■ I 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 « ii 
 
 Mar. 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 ■ 
 
 13 
 
 Mar. 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 
 Miir. 
 
 22 
 
 «4 
 
 23 
 
 a 
 
 24 
 
 a 
 
 27 
 
 Mj^' 
 
 
 Mar. 
 
 29 
 
 It 
 ti 
 
 30 
 
 i< 
 
 31 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 Cash. 
 
 To amount on hand, 
 
 By paid Marshall Wiley for stock goods, 
 
 " " rent of store for one month, 
 
 " " for sundry expenses, 
 To rec'd for cash sales this day, 
 
 By paid Tliomas K. Peavey on '^, 
 To r»c'd for sales this day, 
 
 «( « <( i« " ** 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 " rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 « <« tl 11 i* '* 
 
 " " of Mrs. H. M. Demons to baL %, 
 By paid for insurance, 
 To rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 It 
 
 it 
 
 '1,. 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 " rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 t( 
 ti 
 
 It 
 ii 
 
 II 
 
 i. 
 
 Ii 
 II 
 
 By paid for freight. 
 
 To rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 ti 
 
 Ii ii 
 
 By paid for school-books, 
 To i«c'd for sales this day, 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 " rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 il ti Ii •' >• " 
 
 11 II ii Ii •' •• 
 
 To balance from law wertE. 
 
 •' rec'd for sales tliis day, 
 .1 it t( it it it 
 
 •' rec'd of James Y. Haines to bal. %» 
 By paid for sundry expenses, 
 To rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 To balance from last month, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 aoooi 
 
 
 
 28.34 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 84 
 
 14 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 
 211 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 3058 
 
 71 
 
 3058 
 
 ! 
 
 71 
 
 179 
 
 71 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 
 
 24 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 
 '■ 'i' i„ 
 
 WI 
 
 209 
 
 19 
 
 98 
 00 
 
 17, 50 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 29 
 
 m 
 
 402 
 
 48 
 
 390 58 
 19 ! 
 
 23 I 50 
 
 25 50 
 
 4S8 
 
 I -- -t 
 
 Ml 
 
 287 98 
 
 95 
 
 3 95 
 
 402 48 
 
 18' 
 
 458 58 458 ' 58 
 
 il--- • 
 
 ' 458 I 58 
 24 ' 
 
 ; 28 
 
 i 12 08 
 
 it 18 50 
 
 541 16 
 
 521 93 
 
 19 23 
 
 ft75, 
 ir. 
 
 4 
 11 
 
 18 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 John F. Fuller. 
 
 bbl. flour, 
 
 bush, meal, 
 
 gals, molasses @ 75j^, 
 
 doz. eggs @ 25f , 
 
 lbs. cheese @, IS/, 
 
 box salt, 
 
 lbs. cooking sugar @ 10^, 
 
 lb. tea, 
 
 lbs. soda @> 8?', 
 
 lbs. coffee @ 46<*, 
 
 doz. eggs (a), 25^, 
 
 lbs. maple sugar @ 245*, 
 
 suit clothes. 
 
 gal. gherkins, 
 
 lb. nutmeg, 
 
 $11.25 
 .96 
 
 3.00 
 
 1 AA 
 
 .42 
 
 .80 
 1.75 
 
 .16 
 1.38 
 1.00 
 1.92 
 
 .75 
 .42 
 
 Ti) biiiaucc, 
 
 By balance from last month, 
 
 John Baldwin. 
 
 Apr. 
 
 To 14 lbs. gran, sugar @, 13^, $1.82 
 
 " 6 lbs. raisins («); 23j*, . 1.88 
 
 ** 8 lbs. pork @ ib<^, * 1.20 
 
 1 pr. boots (for self), 9.00 
 
 2 prs. boys' boots @ $5.25, 10.50 
 ■ lb. ground pepper, .12 
 
 lb. allspice, .16 
 
 lb. cinnamon, .20 
 
 lb. cloves, .25 
 
 So lbs. lard (a>, 18f, 5.40 
 
 ^ bush, cracked corn, .37 
 
 1 box Smyrna figs, .50 
 To balance, 
 
 By 
 
 a 
 
 To 
 
 t( 
 
 it 
 << 
 
 ii 
 
 n 
 
 By balance, 
 
 33 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 15 21 
 
 5 
 4 
 1 
 
 37 
 
 07 
 30 
 17 
 
 37 
 
 37 
 
 i— 
 
 11 25 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr« 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 
 40 
 
 73 
 
 27 
 
 50 
 
 It 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 fiO 
 
 10 
 
34 
 
 1876. 
 Mar. 
 
 a 
 
 Apr. 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 [ar. 
 
 20 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 book-keeping. 
 
 James Y. Haines. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 
 
 Mar. 
 
 4 
 
 To A bush, apples, 
 
 $0.60 
 
 
 
 "2 " potatoes (T, 63<^, 
 
 1.26 
 
 
 9 
 
 " 6 lbs. butter (/r 35«', 
 
 2.10 
 
 
 
 " 1 bush, oiiious, 
 
 .75 
 
 
 
 *' 4 cabbages @ 15*', 
 
 .00 
 
 
 
 *' 3 lbs. honey (a), 35^, 
 
 1.05 
 
 
 17 
 
 " 1 chicken, 4 lbs., (a) 20f, 
 
 .80 
 
 
 
 *' 2 lbs. Turkey prunes @ 15/, 
 
 .30 
 
 
 
 " 2 gals, kerosene oil @ 40f , 
 
 .80 
 
 
 
 " 10 lbs. oatmeal (a>, 6f , 
 
 .60 
 
 
 23 
 
 " 4 lbs. cheese (R\ ISf , 
 
 .72 
 
 
 
 " 15 lbs. coffee sugar @ 12<^, 
 
 1.80 
 
 
 
 " 1 lb. cream tartar, 
 
 .«K) 
 
 
 
 *' 1 lb. soda, 
 
 .10 
 
 
 80 
 
 By cash to balance %, 
 
 
 Mrs. H. M. Demons. 
 
 To 1 bbl. flour, 
 
 18 lbs. lard @ 14^ 
 I bush, rye meal, 
 I bush, beans, 
 1 bush, peas, 
 1 qt. oysters. 
 
 By cash to balance, 
 
 n 
 (( 
 a 
 ti 
 (I 
 
 To 1 paper silver gloss starch, 
 1 box yeast powder, 
 
 1 box sea moss farine, 
 
 2 lbs. chocolate @ 37i^, 
 1 lb. cocoa, 
 
 ti 
 
 
 To balance, 
 
 II r. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1 
 
 ■ 
 
 86 
 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 j 
 
 50 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 08 
 
 12 
 
 08 
 08 
 
 #*■ 
 
 . » 
 
 Cr. 
 
 $9.75 
 
 
 
 
 
 2.52 
 
 
 
 
 
 .50 
 
 12 
 
 77 
 
 
 
 l.(K) 
 
 
 
 
 
 .50 
 
 
 
 
 
 .50 
 
 2 
 
 
 14 
 
 i i 
 
 
 14 
 
 77 
 
 14 
 
 Ti 
 
 .20 
 
 
 
 
 
 .25 
 
 
 
 
 
 .25 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 .75 
 
 
 
 
 
 .37 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 
 1 
 
 82 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 1875. 
 Mar, 
 
 Apr. 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 27 
 
 1875. 
 
 Mar. 5 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 31 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY, 
 
 Samuel G. Oakes. 
 
 35 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr* 
 
 To 1 gal. vinegar, 
 " 1 bbl. apples, 
 " 100 lbs. codfish @ 7/', 
 
 By f ton hay. 
 
 To 30 lbs. gran, sugar @ 13/, 
 '' 1 bush, herdsgrass seed, 
 " 20 lbs. clover seed @ 15/, 
 " 1 bush, redtop, 
 *' 1 cask Rockland lime, 
 
 By 2 cords dry wood (u) $5.00, 
 
 $0.42 
 4.25 
 7.00 
 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 5.00 
 1.60 
 
 To balance. 
 
 Thomas K. Peavey. 
 
 ti 
 
 By 21 bush, oats @ 72«^, 
 
 61 lbs. butter @ 3(^(^, 
 
 62 lbs. dried apple @ 9/, 
 To cash on % , 
 
 To 1 gal. sirup, 
 
 To 10 lbs. rice @ 10/, 
 
 " 2 oz. indigo @ 12/, 
 
 " i lb. borax, 
 
 " 1 bbl. crackers, 
 
 Apr. 1 By balance, 
 
 11 
 3 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 67 
 90 
 
 50 
 
 10 07 
 
 Dr. 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 07 
 
 07 29 07 
 
 Cr. 
 
 $15.12 
 
 
 
 
 18.30 
 
 
 
 
 5.58 
 
 20 
 
 
 39 
 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 
 
 
 .24 
 
 
 
 
 .32 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 39 
 
 
 89 
 
 
 11 82 
 
 
36 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 EXAMPLE IV. 
 
 Record of some of the business transactions, for the month of 
 March, 1875, of Augustus Robbitis, retail dealer in dry goods. 
 
 March 1.— Cash on hand this day, $4,000.00. Bought of 
 Arnold, Deane, & Co., a stock of goods for which we have paid 
 them cash, $3,257.37 ; and we have paid Anson Davis rent of his 
 store for one month in advance $15.00. 
 
 Miirch 2. — Paid sundry expenses, $25.84. 
 
 March 3. — Sold David Haskell on %, 18 yds. black alpaca, (a) 
 7of ; 3 yds. cambric, ^ 12^ ; 6 spools machine cotton, (a) Sp ; 12 
 .yds. Lancaster gingham, (a) 15p. Sold George Stevens on %, 7 
 yds. striped shirting, (a) 20^. Sold William Jones on %, 2 fine 
 dress shirts, fa) $2.75. 
 
 March 4. — Sold Andrew Bailey 14 yds. sheeting at 10, on %, 
 
 March 4. — Sold Stephen Wilson on %, 1 doz. linen handker- 
 chiefs, $3.00; 1 pr. gloves, $1.75; 2 prs. woollen hose, (a) 60p. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $9.50. 
 
 March 5. — Received cash for sales, $12.00. 
 
 March 6. —Bought of George Stevens on %, 2 cords dry wood, 
 fa) $5.00. Sold him on %, 7 yds. cassimere, ^ $2.00 ; trimmings 
 for pants and coat, $3.00. Sold William Jones on %, 1 box paper 
 collars, 300. Received cash for sales this day, $15.75. 
 
 March 8.— Sold David Haskell on %, 2^ yds. table linen, (a) 
 $2.00 ; 1 yd. Irish linen, 80^. Sold Erastus Brown on %, 4 wool 
 carriage robes, ® $9.50. Paid cash for freight, $4.75. Received 
 cash for sales this day, $10.70. 
 
 March 9. — Hired horse and sleigh of Erastus Brown to go to 
 Westerly, for which he has charged us on %, $2.50. Sold Andrew 
 Bailey on %, 1 cardigan jacket, $2.50 ; 1 cloth cap, $1.25. Sold 
 Jacob Kelley on %, 14 yds. Cocheco print, ^12*!^; 11 yds. bed- 
 ticking, ® 23^ ; 1 doz. agate buttons, 30 ; 1 doz. agate buttons, 
 80. Paid cash for bill of goods, $500.00. Received cash for sales 
 this day, $13.50. 
 
 March 10. — Andrew Bailey has repaired show-case for us, and 
 chargetl us on %, $3.75. Cash received for sales, $19.00. 
 
 March 11. — Sold Stephen Wilson on %, 3 yds. drilling, fB 
 120 ; 3 yds. satinet, ® $1.12 ; 6^ yds. striped shirting, (a) 20p ; I 
 
 m k 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 37 
 
 pr. suspenders,, 50^, Sold William Jones on %, 1 set sleeve- 
 buttons, 750. Cash received for sales this day, $17.50. 
 
 March 12. — Sold David Haskell on %, 3oVds. bleached sheet- 
 ing, fa) W ; 20 yds. Merrimack print, .a) 120 ; 7 yds. navy blue 
 waterproof cloth, (a) $1.75. Andrew Bailey has repaired shelves 
 for us, and charged us on % $3.00. Cash received for sales this 
 day, $21.00. 
 
 March 13. — Received cash for sales this day, $25.00. 
 
 Jfarc/i 15. — Sold Erastus Brown (per wife) on %, 14 yds. 
 cashmere, fa) $1.37 ; 5 yds. cambric, (a) 12^ ; 1 doz. buttons, 620 j 
 1 spool silk, 250 ; 4 yds. niching, (a) 40P ; 6 yds. Hamburg edging, 
 ^ 250. He has paid cash on %, $25.00. 
 
 March 16. — Credited David Haskell for di-ayage, $5.50. Re- 
 ceived cash for sales this day, $9.75. 
 
 March 17. — Cash received for sales this day, $11.00. 
 
 March 18. — Sold William Jones on %, 3 neckties, ^ 62^. Paid 
 cash for bill of goods, $200.00. Received cash for sales this day 
 $15.00. •^' 
 
 March 19. —Received cash for sales this day, $17.50. 
 
 March 20. — Hired horse of Erastus Brown,"for which he charges 
 us on %, $3.00. Bought of Andrew Bailey on % 3 chairs for 
 store, fa) $1.50. Sold William Jones on %, 1 tooth-brush, 400 ; 1 
 hair-brush, 620; 3 cakes honey soap, fa) U0 ; 1 doz. linen hand- 
 kerchiefs, $3.00. Credited David Haskell for drayage, $4.75. 
 Cash received for sales this day, $30.00. 
 
 March 22. —Cash received for sales this day, $8.00. 
 
 March 23. —Sold George Stevens on %, 12 yds. tycoon rep, fa) 
 250 ; 23 yds. alpaca braid, fa) 80. Received cash for sales this 
 da3% $13.00. 
 
 March 24. — Paid cash for sundry expenses, $17.65. Received 
 cash for sales this day, $12.50. 
 
 March 25. —Sold Andrew Bailey on % 4 yds. wool carpeting, 
 ® $1.75. Sold George Stevens on %, 2 wool bknkets, fa) $3.50 ; 
 1 Lancaster bedquilt, $2.00 ; 7 rolls wall-paper, ^ 20^ ; 6 curtain 
 tassels, fa) U^fl; 6 yds. curtain cord, ^ 3^ ; 6 yds. bleached 
 sheeting, fa) 200. He has paid cash on %, $12.00. Received cash 
 for sales this day, $16.50. 
 
 March 27. — Received of Erastus Brown on %, $10 00 Re- 
 ceived for sales this day, $29.50. 
 
38 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 March 29. — Paid for bill of goods, $200.00. Sold Jacob Kelley 
 on %, 7 yds. denim, (a) 20^ ; 12 yds. crash, (a) ISp \ I umbrella, 
 $1.25. Received cash for sales this day, $9.00. 
 
 March 30. — Received cash for sales this day, $11.50. Credited 
 David Haskell for drayage, $2.00. 
 
 March 31. — Received for sales this day, $12.88. 
 
 If these transactions are correctly written out according to the 
 foregoing fonn, there will be $166.47 of cash on hand. There will 
 also be a red ink balance on the Cr. side of all the other accounts, 
 as follows : — 
 
 David Haskell $28.34 
 
 George Stevens 14.02 
 
 William Jones . 12.88 
 
 Stephen Wilson • . ,11.27 
 
 Andrew Bailey 1.46 
 
 Erastus Brown 21.25 
 
 Jacob Kelley ......... 9.13 
 
 TKIxtD FORlVx. 
 
 95. How man)' books are used in the third form? 
 Three, — da^'-book, ledger, and cash-book. 
 
 96. What is a daj'-book? 
 
 A day-book is the book of original entry, in which business 
 transactions are recorded at the time, in the order, and under the 
 date, of their occurrence. 
 
 97. How should a dav-book be ruled? 
 Like the ledger of the first fonn. 
 
 98. What should be written on the first horizontal line? 
 
 The name of town. State, month, da)*, year. The name of the 
 State may be omitted after the first page. 
 
 99. What should be written in the first column? 
 The (late, when it changes. 
 
 100. What should be written in the second column? 
 The page of the ledger to which the transaction is posted. 
 
 101. When should these page marks V)e entered? 
 Imuiediatel}' after the transaction is posted. 
 
 102. Whv? 
 
 To show that it is posteil. 
 
 ■1 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 39 
 
 103. With what kind of ink should the page mark be entered? 
 Red or black ; in actual business, usually black. 
 
 104. What should be written in the third column? 
 The record of the transaction. 
 
 105. AVhat in the fourth column? 
 Dollars. 
 
 lOG. What in the fifth column? 
 Cents. 
 
 107. How should the transactions be separated? 
 By a single line across the third column. 
 
 108. What transactions should be recorded in the day-book of 
 
 this form ? 
 
 When goods are bought or sold on % , when cash is paid or re* 
 ceived on %, and when a note is issued or received on %. 
 
 109. What kind of ink should be used in the day-book? 
 • All black, except in the second column. 
 
 EXAMPLE V. 
 
 # 
 Record of part of the business transactions of A. M. True, a 
 
 retail dealer in books and stationery. 
 
 April 5, 1875. — Cash on hand this day, $134.16. Sold Henry 
 J. Turner on %, Appleton's New Cyclopaedia, 16 vols., (a) $5.00 ; 
 Addison's Complete Works, $6.00. Paid cash for drayage, $2.50. 
 
 April 6. — Sold John M. Flanders on %, 1 geometry, $1.25 ; 1 
 grammar, $1.00; 2 spellers, (a> 35^; 4 writing-books, (a) 140. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $12.00. 
 
 April 7. — Paid cash for fixing pump, $3 . 75 . Bought of Richard 
 S. Wood on %, 1 ton hay, $17.00 ; ^ ton straw, $5.00. Received 
 cash for sales this day, $15.00. Bought of John M. Flanders on 
 %, 4 bushels potatoes, ^ 500 ; J bushel beans, (a) $3.00 ; 6 lbs. 
 butter, (a) 30^. 
 
 April 8. — Sold Solomon Oilman on %, 1 Webster's Dictionary, 
 $12.00. Henry J. Turner has paid us cash on %, $50.00. Paid 
 gas-bill in cash, $13.21. Received cash for sales this day, $18.00. 
 
 Aprils. — Paid peddler for bill of stationery, $17.09. Sold 
 John M. Flanders on %, 1 quire paper, 20^ ; 100 envelopes, 400 ; 
 2 pencils, (a) 5^. Received cash for sales this day, $11.50. 
 
 April 10. — Sold Samuel W. McCall on %, 1 Latin Lexicon, 
 
40 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 $5.00 ; 1 Greek Lexicon, $5.00 ; 1 Virgil, 12.25 ; 1 Anabasis, 
 $1.37. Received cash for sales this day, $21.75. Received cash 
 for use of horse and carriage, $2.50. 
 
 The transactions of the remainder of the month will be suffi- 
 ciently well understood by referring to the several books without 
 extending this record any further. 
 
 The objection is sometimes made, that book-keepers seldom use 
 red ink in actual business. But it should be remembered that the 
 design of a text-book is to assist the learner m acquiring knowl- 
 edge, and to aid the teacher in imparting it. No teacher will 
 have any doubt in regard to the advantage of having red ink in a 
 treatise on book-keeping. In the eountmg-room. where it is i)re- 
 sumed that the book-keeper understands thoroughly the theory of 
 accounts, red ink is frequently dispensed with. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 41 
 
 6 
 
 DAY-BOOK. 
 New Hampton, KH,, April 5, 1875. 
 
 Henry J. Turner, l)r. 
 
 To Appleton's Cyclop., 16 vols. @ $5.00, $80.00 
 " Addison's Works, 6.00 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 To 1 geometry, 
 " 1 grammar, 
 " 2 spellers @, Zof, 
 " 4 writing-books @, Hf, 
 
 Richard S. Wood, 
 
 By 1 ton hay, 
 " i ton straw, 
 
 Br. 
 
 $1.25 
 
 1.00 
 
 .70 
 
 .56 
 
 Cr. 
 
 $17.00 
 5.00 
 
 86 00 
 
 3 51 
 
 22 00 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 By 4 busliels potatoes @ 50'', 
 " f bushel beans (a) $3.00, 
 " 6 lbs. butter ^ 30^, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 $2.00 
 1.50 
 1.80 
 
 30 
 
 8 
 
 Solomon Oilman, 
 
 To 1 Webster's Dictionary, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 12 00 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Henry J. Turner, 
 
 By cash on%, 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 To 1 quire paper, 
 " 100 envelopes, 
 
 " 2 pencils (n^ 5/, 
 
 Samuel W. McCall, 
 
 To 1 Latin lexicon, 
 " 1 Greek lexicon, 
 " 1 Virgil. 
 *• 1 Anabasis, 
 
 Amount fonoard, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 $0.20 
 .40 
 .10 
 
 
 70 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 $5.00 
 5.00 
 2.25 
 1.37 
 
 13 
 
 62 
 
 
 193 
 
 13 
 
^K.mm 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 New Hampton^ April 12, 1875. 
 
 Amount hrougJd forward. 
 
 193 
 
 13 
 
 Richard S. Wood, 
 
 Dr, 
 
 
 To 1 higher arithmetic, 
 '* 1 practical arithmetic, 
 " 1 book-keeping, 
 " 1 set blanks, 
 
 $1.50 
 
 $1.25 
 
 3.25 
 
 1.40 
 
 7 
 
 40 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To 9 rolls room-paper @ 40f , 
 
 
 3 
 
 60 
 
 Richard S. Wood, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To Dickens* s Bleak House, 2 vols., 
 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 Henry J. Turner, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 By cash to balance % , 
 
 
 36 
 
 : 
 
 00 
 
 Solomon Gilman, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To 1 blank-book, 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 By 1 cord maple wood, 
 
 t 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 Samuel W. McCall, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 
 By cash to bal. %, 
 
 
 13 
 
 62 
 
 Richard S. Wood, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To 1 arithmetic, 
 '* 1 slate, 
 
 $1.25 
 .31 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 To 19 yds. border (^o 5<', 
 *' 1 blank-book. 
 
 .95 
 .19 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 Samuel W. McCall, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To 4 quires paper @ Ib^, 
 " 1 Rogers Thesaiinis, 
 
 $0.60 
 2.00 
 
 2 
 
 267 
 
 60 
 
 Amount forward, 
 
 
 35 
 
 . ^••••iUi.Ma~a »»m— ■I ll l l ii l llll lll|ill|||| I I M 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 43 
 
 JVew Hampton^ April 21, 1875. 
 
 llill.iili.ll..ll.llillW.III.»Wllilllllll|ll,||ll.ll.llllll|l , , IM —„■■„„■■ A ... 
 
 22 
 
 411' 
 
 4<t 
 
 :•)< i' 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 41* 
 
 4 il 
 
 Amount brought fonoard, 
 
 Solomon Oilman, 
 By cash on %, 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 
 By 2 cords pine wood @ $3.00, 
 
 Jackson Peavey, 
 
 By shoeing horse, 
 
 Samuel W. McCall, 
 To 1 Bo wen's Logic, 
 
 ■"""" ""—""• ■■"""■'— ■'■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ — .'II- 1 11. ■— 
 
 Jackson Peavey, 
 
 To 10 rolls paper @ 25/, 
 
 John M. Flanders, 
 To 1 nat. philosophy, 
 
 Solomon Gilman, 
 By cash to bal. %, 
 
 Richard S. Wood, 
 To cash to bal. %, 
 
 Samuel W. McCall, 
 
 ' ' ' To 1 Shakspeare, 
 Contra, 
 
 By cash to balance %, 
 
 Total footing, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Dr, 
 
 Dr, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 267 35 
 
 Dr, 
 Cr, 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 7S 
 
 00 
 
 2 50 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 90 
 
 04 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 316 
 
 25 
 
 85 
 
 
 
1 
 
 44 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 CASH-BOOK. 
 
 110. What is the second book in the third form of accounts? 
 The cash-book. 
 
 111. Wliat is a cash-book ? \ 
 
 A book in which the proprietor keeps an account of money 
 received, and money paid out. 
 
 112. How is the cash-book ruled? 
 Like the ledger of the second form. 
 
 113. How many pages are used? 
 
 Two. 
 
 114. What is written on the first horizontal line of the left- 
 hand page ? 
 
 Cash (received) and Dr. 
 
 115. What in the first column? 
 The year and month as in a ledger. 
 
 116. What in the second column? 
 The day of the month. 
 
 117. What in the third? 
 
 Record of transactions producing debit entries. 
 
 118. What in the fourth and fifth columns? 
 Money received. 
 
 119. What in the sixth and seventh columns? 
 Balances, full extensions, and footings. 
 
 120. What are balances? 
 
 Amounts on hand brought down from the opposite side. 
 
 121. What are full extensions ? 
 
 Footings of the first set of money columns, representing the 
 amount of money received. 
 
 122. What are footings? 
 
 The sum of the balances and ftill extentions. 
 
 123. What should be written on the first horizontal line of the 
 right-hand page ? 
 
 Cash (Paid) and Cr. 
 
 124. What in the first column? 
 Year and month. 
 
 125. What in the second column? 
 Day of the month. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 45 
 
 126. What in the third column ? 
 
 Record of transactions producing credit entries. 
 
 127. What in the fourth and fifth columns? 
 Amounts of money paid out, 
 
 128. What in the sixth and seventh columns? 
 Full extensions, red ink balances, and footings. 
 
 129. How should the cash-book be balanced? 
 
 As the cash account was balanced in the ledger of the first form. 
 
 130. How often should the cash-book be balanced? 
 
 Once a day, once a week, or once a month. Usually the petty 
 cash-book is balanced every night, and the main cash-book once a 
 week, or once a month. 
 
 131. What is a petty cash-book? 
 
 In retail business, where many articles are bought and sold for 
 cash, it is customary to enter the several amounts in a small book 
 called a petty cash-book. This is balanced at the close of the 
 day*s business ; the items are condensed and entered in the gen- 
 eral cash-book ; and the money in the drawer is counted, and 
 should a^ree with the balance of the petty cash-book. If pay- 
 ments are made from the counted money, the entry should be 
 made in the general cash-book only. 
 
46 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 
 
 a 
 u 
 a 
 a 
 a 
 it 
 it 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 Apr. 12 
 
 (( 
 ti 
 u 
 ti 
 «( 
 n 
 ti 
 
 Apr. 
 
 a 
 ti 
 ti 
 a 
 
 13 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 Apr. 26 
 
 Cash 
 
 (Received). 
 
 To amount on hand, 
 " cash sales this day, 
 
 ti 
 ti 
 ti 
 ti 
 
 it 
 a 
 (I 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 tt 
 
 a 
 tt 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 
 rec'd of Henry J. Turner on %, 
 for sales this day, 
 
 tt 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 " horse and carriage, 
 " sales this day. 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 
 " rec'd for sales this day. 
 
 ** «* tt it (/' 
 
 (( 
 
 it 
 tt 
 ti 
 a 
 ti 
 
 a 
 ti 
 ti 
 it 
 tt 
 tt 
 it 
 
 of Henry Turner to bal. %, 
 
 for sales this day, 
 
 ii ii /< , , ^ ' 
 
 ti 
 
 a 
 
 it 
 
 Of S. W. McCall to bal. %, 
 for sales this day. 
 
 «( 
 
 it 
 
 (( 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 rec'd for sales this day, 
 
 ti a li ,, . J» 
 
 tt 
 (t 
 ii 
 (( 
 (( 
 ti 
 it 
 
 ti 
 ii 
 tt 
 ti 
 ti 
 ti 
 
 (( 
 
 (( 
 
 tt 
 
 of Solomon Gilman on %, 
 for sales this day, 
 
 tt 
 ft 
 
 tt 
 (t 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 n 
 
 tt 
 ft 
 ft 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 rec'd for sales this day. 
 
 ft 
 tt 
 tt 
 ft 
 <f 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 It 
 it 
 it 
 tt 
 ii 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 Of Solomon Gilman to bal. %, 
 for sales this day, 
 
 it ti , , , •» ' 
 
 ft 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 Of S. W. McCall to bal. %, 
 for sales this day, 
 
 May 1 To balance from last mouth, 
 
 13 
 
 60 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 36 
 
 00 
 
 7 
 
 00 
 
 19 
 
 50 
 
 13 
 
 62 
 
 14 
 
 50 
 
 27 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 13 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 17 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 11 
 
 75 
 
 28 
 
 50 
 
 Dr. 
 
 134 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 00 ! 
 
 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 75 
 
 264 
 
 91 
 
 264 91 
 228 36 
 
 149 22 
 
 377 58 
 195 01 
 
 102 00 
 297 01 
 
 260 90 
 
 18 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 28 
 
 00 
 
 107 
 
 90 
 
 
 368 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 817 
 
 76 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 47 
 
 Cash (Paid). 
 
 Cr 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 5 
 
 ft 
 
 7 
 
 ii 
 
 8 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 tt 
 
 By paid for drayage, 
 *' " " fixing pump, 
 " " gas bill, 
 ** " for stationery, 
 
 ■-!itonliand, 
 
 Apr. 13 By paid for repairing store 
 ^» 15 " " " bill of goods of] 
 
 Apr. 20 By paid for painting, 
 
 23 " " " printing circulars, 
 " " " papering chambers, 
 *' " " meat bill, 
 
 Apr. 26 By paid insurance, 
 " 28 " " KichardS. Woodtobal. %, 
 " 29 " " clerk hire, 
 
 3 
 13 
 17 
 
 6 
 Dessel- & Ayer, 176 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 i! 4 
 12 
 
 50 
 
 75 
 21 
 09 
 
 33 
 24 
 
 00 
 00 
 75 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 10 
 
 27 
 
 00 
 04 
 00 
 
 36 
 
 55 
 
 264 91 
 
 182 
 377 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 36 
 
 11 
 
 297 
 
 01 
 
 51 04 
 
 868 80 
 
48 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 LTT1 TV f^ T?Ty 
 Sii D \J Sh XV. 
 
 132. What is a ledger? (See 12.) 
 
 133. What is the difference between a ledger of the first or 
 second fonns, and a ledger of the third form ? 
 
 In the first and second forms the transactions are entered only in 
 the ledger. In the third form thej^ are entered in the day -book 
 first, and then the results are carried to the ledger. 
 
 134. In the third form, how many pages are used for an account ? 
 One. 
 
 135. How is the debit side separated from the credit? 
 By a double blue vertical line in the centre. 
 
 136. What is written on the first horizontal line? 
 Dr., the name of the account, and Cr. 
 
 137. Where should each be written? 
 
 Dr. over the debit date columns, Cr. over the credit money 
 columns, and the name in the centre of the page. 
 
 138. What should be written in the first column ? 
 
 The year and month, taken from the heading, or the first column 
 of the day-book. 
 
 139. What should be written in the second column? 
 Day. 
 
 140. What in the third column ? 
 
 " To " the article when there is but one ; "To" sundries when 
 there are several articles. 
 
 141. What in the fourth column? 
 
 The page of the day-book where the record of the transaction 
 may be found. 
 
 142. What in the fifth and sixth columns? 
 The debit amounts. 
 
 143. What change is made in the credit side ? 
 
 " By " takes the place of '' To ** in -the third column, and the 
 credit amounts are placed in the money columns. 
 
 144. What % should be placed first in the ledger? 
 
 The first account in the day-book, and so on in their order. In 
 actual business only one account should be placed on a page. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 49 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Henry J. Turner. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 6 To sundries, 
 
 41 86 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 86 
 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 50 
 36 
 
 86 
 
 Dr. 
 
 John M. Flanders. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Apr. 6 To sundries, 
 
 •' 9 •' .« 
 
 " 13 ] " paper, 
 
 *• 19 ' " sundries. 
 
 " 26 " philosophy, 
 
 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 41 
 
 42 
 42 
 43 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 1 
 1 
 
 51 
 
 70 
 60 
 14 
 20 
 
 Apr, 7 
 " 15 
 
 •• 22 
 
 By sundries, 
 " 1 cord wood, 
 " 2 cords wood, 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 Mayl 
 
 t. 1 
 
 By balance, 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 16 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 15 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 Richard 
 
 s. ^^ 
 
 ^OOD. 
 
 
 { 
 
 Or. 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 12 
 '• 13 
 " 17 
 " 28 
 
 To sundries, 
 " Bleak House, 
 " sundries, 
 " cash to bal., 
 
 1875. 
 42 7 40 Apr. 7 
 42 3 00 ! 
 
 42 1 66 
 
 43 10 04 j 
 
 i! 
 
 , [ 1 % 
 
 By sundries. 
 
 41 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 
 22. 00 * 
 
 22 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 Solomon Gh^man. 
 
 
 Cr 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 8 
 ^' 15 
 
 To dictionary, 
 " blank book, 
 
 41 12 
 
 42 'l 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 30 
 
 • 
 
 r 1876. 
 Apr. 21 
 
 " 28 
 
 1 By cash, 
 ** cash to bal., 
 
 43 
 43' 
 
 • 
 
 10 00 
 2 30 
 
 
 12 
 
 30 
 
 12 30 
 
 ■Il 
 
 1 II 
 1 
 
 
 
50 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 Br. 
 
 Samuel W. McCall. 
 
 Cr, 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 10 
 
 Apr. 20 
 •' 24 
 '• 29 
 
 To sundries, 
 
 To flundries. 
 *' Bowen'8 Logic, 
 ** Sbakspearo, 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 43 
 43 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 '< 
 
 4 
 
 1 1875. 
 62 Apr. IG 
 
 i 
 
 m Apr. 29 
 
 CM) ■ 
 
 1- * 
 
 By casli to bal. 
 By cash, to bal. 
 
 42 
 43 
 
 n 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 62 
 
 85 
 
 
 8 
 
 85 i 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 
 _J 
 
 L- 
 
 
 Br. 
 
 Jackson Peavey. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 24 
 
 To 10 rolls paper, 
 
 43 
 
 ' 2 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 1, 
 
 1875. 
 Apr. 22 
 
 By shoeing horse, 
 
 By 'iMih 
 
 U 
 
 r 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 ^.^ 
 
 
 O 
 
 50 
 
 ■ 2 
 
 50 
 
 May 1 
 
 To balance, 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 75 
 
 I— jj 
 
 \i 
 
 
 As one form of index has been inserted in the first form, and 
 another in the second form, we omit the index in this form. 
 
 PROOF OF THE POSTING. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cb. 
 
 $8<'l00 
 
 
 Henry J. Turner . 
 
 
 
 . $86.00 
 
 10.15 
 
 
 John M. Flanders . 
 
 
 
 . 16.30 
 
 22.00 
 
 
 Richard S. Wood . 
 
 
 
 . 22.00 
 
 i2.:30 
 
 
 Solomon Gihnan . 
 
 
 
 . 12.30 
 
 13.62 
 
 
 Samuel W. McCall 
 
 
 
 . 13.62 
 
 8.85 
 
 
 Samuel W. McCall 
 
 
 
 8.85 
 
 2.50 
 
 
 Jackson Peavey . 
 
 • t 
 
 
 1.75 
 
 $155.42 
 
 $155.42 Total debit*. 
 
 
 
 $160.82 
 
 
 
 
 160.82 Total credit!. 
 
 
 
 
 
 $316.24 Total debits and credits equal the total footiog of the c 
 
 laybook. 
 
 
 SlXGLi: ENTRY. 
 
 51 
 
 145. What is the proof of the posting? 
 
 The sum of the debit and credit footings of the several ledger 
 accounts will equal the total footings of the money columns of the 
 day-book, if the posting is correct. 
 
 146. Why? 
 
 Because all the debit amounts from the day-book are carried to 
 the debit side of the ledger, and all the credit amounts to the 
 credit side of the ledger ; hence the sum of the footings of the 
 debit and credit sides of the accounts must equal the footing of 
 the day-book. If this sum should be less than the footing of the 
 day-book, it will indicate that something has been omitted^in post- 
 ing. If it should be more, it will indicate that some item has been 
 posted twice, or that some other mistake has been made. In 
 either of these cases the work should be reviewed until the results 
 correspond. 
 
 147. When should the proof-sheet be made? 
 
 As soon as the posting of the month's work is finished, before 
 any red ink entries are made in the ledger. 
 
 148. Why is Samuel W. McCall's name entered twice in the 
 proof-sheet ? 
 
 Because his % was balanced April 16, and opened again ; hence 
 both sets of footings must be entered in the proof-sheet in order 
 to agree with the footing of the day-book. 
 
 As the opening and closing of a set of books are the most diffi- 
 cult parts of book-keeping, it is thought best that the learner 
 should close the ledger at the end of each month. But in actual 
 business this is seldom done. Every prudent business man will, 
 however, close his books at least twice a year. 
 
52 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 5S 
 
 EXAMPLE VI. 
 
 A record of part of the business transactions of James El well, 
 maker of, and dealer in boots and shoes, for the month of April; 
 1875. 
 
 April h J 1875. — Amount of cash on hand, $187.62. Bought 
 of Muzzy, Whitehouse, & Co., for cash, 40 lbs. sole-leather, (a) 
 45^, Sold Fred Williams on %, 1 pr. calf boots, $8.00; 1 pr. 
 carpet slippers, $1.75 ; 1 pr. arctics, $2.50. Cash received for 
 sales this da}-, $12.00. 
 
 Aprils. — Paid J. Jackson «& Co., cash for bill of goods, 
 $97.00. Sold Sewell Titus on %, 2 pr. boy's boots, (a) $5.00. 
 Sold George Pease on %, 1 pr. ladies' glove-kid boots, $4.75; 
 and 1 pr. kid slippers, $1.75. Received cash for sales, $10.75. 
 
 April 7. — Bought of Fred Williams on %, 1 bottle Vinegar 
 Bitters, $1.00; 4 bars soap, (a) 15^. Cash received for sales, 
 $15.00. 
 
 Aprils. — Sold Francis G. Fowler on %, 1 pr. rubber boots, 
 $4.00 ; 1 pr. children's boots, $2.25. Mended boots for AVillard 
 Sprowl, and charged him on %, $1.37. Paid cash for freight, 
 $3.50. Received cash for sales this day, $17.00. 
 
 April 9. — Mended boots for Sewell Titus, and charged him on 
 %, 25^. Bought of him on %, 30 lbs. butter, fa) 35p ; 6 doz. eggs, 
 (a) 20^. Received cash for sales this day, $13.50. 
 
 April 10. — Sold Samuel T. Bennett on %, 1 pr. men's boots, 
 $6.00 ; 2 pr. boy's boots, fa) 5.00 ; 2 pr. ladies' serge boots, fa) 
 $2.75 ; 3 pr. children's serge boots, fa) $1.75. Mended boots for 
 George Pease, and charged him on %, 45*?. Paid cash for bill 
 goods, $59.67. Received cash for sales this day, $25.00. 
 
 April 12. — Bought of Joseph Hanson on %, 1 bbl. flour, $10.75. 
 Paid Mrs. O'Brian cash for cleaning store, $3.75. Received cash 
 for sales, $11.50» 
 
 April 13. — Bought of Fred Williams on %, 3 bottles porter, fa) 
 500 ; 1 bottle ink, 10^. Sold Sewell Titus on % 1 pr. brogans, 
 $2.00. Sold Francis G. Fowler on % 1 pr. ladies' serge slippers, 
 $1.00. Mended shoes for Willard Sprowl, and charged him on %, 
 20^. George Pease has paid cash on %, $5.00. Cash received 
 for sales this dav, $15.75. 
 
 April 14. — Cash received for sales this day, $18.50. 
 
 April 15. — Cash received for sales this day, S23.00. 
 
 Aj)ril 16. — Sold Joseph Hanson on %, 1 pr. rubbers, 87^ ; 1 
 pr. ladies' bronze kid boots, $9.00 ; 1 pr. children's slippers, 
 $1.25 ; 1 pr. infant's shoes, $1.00. Bought of Sewell Titus on %, 
 1 bu. potatoes, 620 ; 4 lbs. veal, fa) Up. Sold Fred Williams 
 on % 1 pr. rubbers, $1.00. Paid cash for stock, $56.40. Re- 
 ceived cash for sales this day, $20.75. 
 
 April 17. — Sold Willard Sprowl on %, 1 pr. children's copper- 
 toed shoes, $1.25 ; 1 pr. boy's boots, $4.75 ; 1 pr. ladies' congress 
 boots, $2.00 ; 1 pr. brogans, $2.00. Francis G. Fowler has paid 
 cash to balance his %, $7.25. Received cash for sales, $29.75. 
 
 April 19. — Sold George Pease on %, 1 pr. kip boots, $7.25. 
 Sold Samuel T. Bennett on %, 3 pr. children's rubbers, fa) 62p ; 1 
 pr. ladies' rubbers, fa) 7bp. Paid cash for sawing wood, $3.25. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $14.75. 
 
 Ajm'l 20. — Sold Fred Williams on % , 1 pr. congress gaiters, 
 $3.25. Sold Sewell Titus on %, 2 pr. boy's calf boots, ^E $7.00. 
 Bought of him 2 chickens, 8 lbs., (a) 20p. Sold Francis G. Fowler 
 on %, 1 pr. children's bronze kid boots, $2.75. Paid cash for 
 sundries, $2.91. Received cash for sales this dav, $17.50. 
 
 April 21. — Received cash for sales this day, $21.50. 
 
 April 22. — Bought of Joseph Hanson on %, 30 lbs. gran, 
 sugar, fa) Up ; 5 lbs. coffee, fa) 42^. Sold Samuel T. Bennett on 
 %, 1 shawl-strap, 62^. Willard Sprowl has paid cash on %, 
 $5.00. Received for cash sales this day, $25.75. 
 
 April 23. —Bought of Fred Williams on %, :^ ream paper, 50^. 
 Sold Francis G. Fowler on %, 1 pr. children's rubbers, 62^. Re- 
 ceived of Samuel T. Bennett cash on %, $20.00. Received for 
 cash sales this day, $19.25. 
 
 April 24. — Sold Joseph Hanson on %, 1 pr. calf boots, $8.00. 
 Sold George Pease 1 pr. cloth gaiters, $3.25. Paid cash for stock, 
 $19.31. Sewell Titus has paid cash on %, $10. Received cash 
 for sales this day, $27.00. 
 
 Ajyril 26. — Soled 1 pr. slippers for Fred MHlliams, and charged 
 him on %, $1.50. Paid cash for horse-hire, $3.25. Received for 
 cash sales this day, $16.50. 
 
 ^pn7 27. — Bought of Sewell Titus on %, i bu. beets, 33/; 
 i bu. beans, $1.00; 2 doz. eggs, fa) 20p. Sold Joseph Hanson 
 
o4 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 55 
 
 on %, 1 pr. ladies' serge boots, $3.25. Received cash for salea 
 this day, S19.00. 
 
 April 28. — Received cash for sales this day, $21.00. 
 
 April 29. — Fred Williams paid cash on %, glO.OO. Mended 
 shoes for Francis G. Fowler, and charged him on %, 37^. Re- 
 ceived cash for sales, $23.75. 
 
 ^pn7 30. — Bought of Joseph Hanson on %, 20 lbs. lard, (a) 
 lof; I box raisins, $1.25; 1 lb. tea, $1.25. Willard Sprowl has 
 paid cash to balance %, $6.57. Paid clerk's salary, $30.00. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $15.75. 
 
 PROOF-SHEET. 
 
 X/JK« 
 
 #18.00 
 26.25 
 
 17.45 
 7.25 
 3.74 
 11.57 
 20i>8 
 23.37 
 
 $137.61 
 
 Fred Williams 
 Sewell Titus . 
 George Pease 
 Francis G. Fdwier 
 Francis G. Fowler 
 Willard Sprowl 
 Samuel T. Bennett 
 Joseph Hanson . 
 
 $137.61 Total dcbiti. 
 10<].32 Total crediti. 
 
 $243.93 Equal the footinff of day-book. 
 
 Cb. 
 
 $13.70 
 
 26.25 
 
 5.00 
 
 7.25 
 
 0.00 
 
 11..57 
 
 20.00 
 
 22.55 
 
 $100.32 
 
 C««h on hand .May 1. $.38S.65. 
 
 FOURTH FORM. 
 
 149. What is meant by partnership business? 
 
 When two or more persons unite their propertv and interest in 
 the prosecution of a certain kind of business, to be carried on 
 under a firm name, on joint account and risk. 
 
 150. With what sliould each partner be credited? 
 With his investment, and his part of the net gain. 
 
 151. With what should each partner be (h-bited? 
 
 With all debts assumed by the firm for him, with all money or 
 other species of property- witlidrawn from the firm, and with his 
 part of the net loss. 
 
 152. When should the net loss or gain be carried to the part- 
 ner's account? 
 
 When the books are closed. 
 
 153. How often should the books be closed? 
 
 This depends upon the nature of the business. Sometimes the 
 books are closed once a month, sometimes once in six months, 
 sometimes only once a year. 
 
 154. How many books are employed in this form? 
 
 The same number as in the last, — day-book, cash-book, and 
 ledger. 
 
 In the following example, James L. Davis and J. O. Hancock 
 form a partnership under the firm name of '' Davis & Hancock," 
 for the purpose of engaging in the retail business in a variety store 
 
 in a large village. 
 
 James L. Davis invests $3,000 cash, and his store and fixtures 
 valued at $6,000. J. O. Hancock invests his stock of goods at 
 90 per cent on the first cost, $7,334, and cash enough to equal 
 the investment of the other partner, $1,666. Each partner is now 
 credited with his investment in the day-book, and tlie cash invested 
 by each is entered on the debit side of the cash-book. The 
 remainder of the transactions can probably be understood by 
 referrins: to the several books without the record of transactions. 
 
i 
 
 &6 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 EXAMPLE VII. 
 
 Mtv Hampton, KM., May 3, 1875. 
 
 James L. Davis, 
 
 By cash invested, 
 
 store and fixtures invested, 
 
 (1 
 
 J. O. Hancock, 
 
 By mdse. invested 
 *' cash ** 
 
 Henry H. Sawtelle, 
 
 To 1 bbi. flour, 
 '' 8 bush, meal (^, 90«?, 
 " 1 bbl. gran, sugar (190 lbs.) % llf , 
 
 Ben J. B. Webb, Dr. 
 
 To 16 yds. Merrimac print @ m<, $2.00 
 
 12 " Amoskeag ** @ IQf, 1.20 
 
 19 " Lancaster gingham % 14/, 2.66 
 
 Lawrence 4-4 sheeting @ 14/, 4.62 
 
 cotton flannel (a) 18^'^, i.yg 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 $:],ooo 
 
 6,000 
 
 9,000 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 $7,:»4 
 1,666 
 
 9,000 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 $9.75 
 
 7.20 
 
 20.90 
 
 37 
 
 00 
 
 4i 
 
 (( 
 
 " 33 
 " 11 
 
 44 
 t4 
 44 
 4i 
 
 George W. Howe, 
 
 To 1 bbl. super-phosphate lime, 
 *' 28 gals, molasses (n 62^, 
 " 10 papere garden-seeds (^ 4'', 
 *' 1 shovel. 
 
 Livingston Muzzy, 
 
 To 4 bush, potatoes Q, 60f , 
 ** 1 bbl. flour (St. Louis), 
 1 bush, meal, 
 18 lbs. gran, sugar @ 12/, 
 14 " cooking sugar fa) lOf , 
 3 ** Java coffee % 42/, 
 1 lb. tea, 
 14 lbs. codfish (^ 8^', 
 
 (4 
 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 
 <( 
 (4 
 
 Moses T. Woodward, 
 
 To 10 bbls. flour (^ $9.00. 
 
 '* 20 bush. corn. ~(>a) 75«^, 
 ** 20 bush, meal (x 82'% 
 
 (To be p«ia ill 1« dayi.) 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $2.75 
 
 17.36 
 
 .40 
 
 1.25 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $2.40 
 
 12.25 
 
 .90 
 
 2.16 
 
 1.40 
 
 1.26 
 1.20 
 1.12 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $90.rK) 
 
 15.(X> 
 16.40 
 
 •>•> 
 
 00 
 
 12 46 
 
 21 76 
 
 69 
 
 121 40 
 
 18,216 16 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 57 
 
 New Hampton, May 10, 1875. 
 
 Amount forwardy 
 
 18,216 16 
 
 Henry H. Sawtelle, 
 
 To 1 bbl. pork, 
 *' 100 lbs. lard (^, 13<^, 
 " 4 gals, boiled oil % $1.10, 
 " 100 lbs. Salem lead @ 13f, 
 " 1 paint-brush. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $21.00 
 
 13.00 
 
 4.40 
 
 13.00 
 
 . 40 
 
 52 
 16 
 
 18 
 60 
 
 26 
 
 6 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 18,436 
 
 15 
 
 James L. Davis, 
 
 To cash on private %, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 00 
 
 George W. Howe, 
 
 To 3 bush, salt @ 70/, 
 " .30 lbs. clover-seed @ 15,<^, 
 " 3 bush, timothy seed @, $4.00, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $2.10 
 
 4.50 
 
 12.00 
 
 60 
 
 Henry H. Savttelle, 
 
 By cash on % , 
 
 On 
 
 00 
 
 J. 0. Hancock, 
 
 To 1 bbl. flour, 
 " 4 doz. eggs @ 20/, 
 " cash, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 $11.75 
 
 .80 
 13.50 
 
 05 
 
 Benj. B. Webb, 
 
 To 1 gal. kerosene oil, 
 '' 1 box raisins, 
 " 2 gals, sirup @ $1.12, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 .30 
 3.50 
 2.24 
 
 04 
 
 Geo. W. Howe, 
 
 To 1 cask plaster Paris, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 t 
 
 60 
 
 Benj. B. Webb, 
 
 By cash on %, 
 
 James L. Davis, 
 
 To paid taxes for him, 
 
 Cr. 
 Dr. 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
5S 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 24 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 New Hampton^ May 17, 1875. 
 
 Amount forward. 
 
 Geo. W. Howe, 
 
 To :] yds. tloeskin @, $2.00, 
 " 2 lbs. soda @ 8*f, 
 
 Moses T. Woodward, 
 By cash on % , 
 
 Geo. W. Howe, 
 
 By cash on % , 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 18,436 
 
 60 
 
 Dr, 
 
 
 
 $6.00 
 .16 
 
 6 
 
 16 
 
 Cr, 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 40 
 
 40 00 
 
 Livingston Muzzy, 
 
 Dr, 
 
 
 
 To 8 yds. crash @ 20f, 
 " 1 table-cover, 
 
 $1.60 
 4.20 
 
 5 
 
 80 
 
 COXTBA, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 
 By cash on %, 
 
 ll 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 Moses T. Woodward, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 To 1 bbl. pork, 
 " 40 gals, molasses @. 62ff 
 
 $21.(K) 
 24.80 
 
 45 
 
 80 
 
 26 
 
 28 
 
 Jmv 
 
 Geo. W. Howe, 
 By cash to balance %, 
 
 J. O. Hancock, 
 To cash, 
 
 Moses T. Woodward, 
 
 To 4 gals, linseed oil r^? SI. 00, 
 " 25 lbs. Salem lead (a, 13f , 
 
 Henry II. Sawtelle, 
 
 To 50 lbs dried apple @ 12/', 
 ** 1 clothes-line. 
 
 Contra, 
 
 By cash on % , 
 
 Moses T. Woodward, 
 
 To 4 casks Rockland lime @, $1.50, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Dr, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Dr, 
 
 10 12 
 
 15 00 
 
 $4.00 
 3.25 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 $6.00 
 .42 
 
 1, 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 42 
 
 Cr, 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 00 
 
 6 00 
 
 Total footing before the giin is credited to the partnen, 18,728 55 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 59 
 
 New Hampton^ May 31, 1875. 
 
 81 
 
 Amount forward^ 
 
 James L. Davis, 
 
 By one-half net gain for the month, 
 
 J. O. Hancock, 
 
 By one-half net gain for the month, 
 
 Total footing after gain is entered. 
 
 Cr, 
 
 18,728 55 
 
 204 31 
 
 Cr. 
 
 204 
 
 31 
 
 19,137' 17 
 
I ' 
 
 60 
 
 1875. 
 
 May 
 
 4t 
 ii 
 tt 
 tt 
 ii 
 H 
 
 ii 
 ii 
 it 
 ii 
 (t 
 
 ii 
 
 H 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 
 n 
 (( 
 <( 
 (( 
 (( 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 <( 
 ii 
 ii 
 
 (( 
 a 
 a 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 May 
 
 May 17 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 May 24 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 Cash 
 
 (Received). 
 
 To James L. Davis's investment, 
 " J. O. Hancock's 
 cash sales this day, 
 
 a 
 
 n 
 it 
 it 
 it 
 a 
 it 
 
 t( 
 
 (( 
 
 rec'd for old iron sold, 
 sales this day. 
 
 it 
 ti 
 tt 
 
 ii 
 ti 
 tt 
 
 a 
 (( 
 
 
 it 
 ti 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 rec'd for sales this day. 
 
 10 
 
 To 
 
 bal 
 
 
 
 rec 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (( 
 
 i( 
 
 tt 
 
 of H. H. Sawtelle on ^, 
 for sales this day, 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 ii 
 
 ii 
 a 
 
 ii 
 a 
 
 of B.B. Webb on %, 
 for sales, 
 
 To balance from last week, 
 sales this day, 
 
 rec'd of M. T. Woodward on %, 
 " for sales this day, 
 
 tt 
 
 a 
 it 
 ii 
 ti 
 it 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 tt 
 <t 
 ft 
 tt 
 (( 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 of Geo. W. Howe on %, 
 for sales this day, 
 of L. Muzzy on %, 
 for sales this day. 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 To balance fmm last week, 
 " cash sales^his day, 
 
 ** rec'd from Geo. W. Howe on %, 
 '* for sales this day, 
 
 it 
 it 
 ii 
 it 
 
 ti 
 
 a 
 ti 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 t. 
 It 
 
 tt 
 tt 
 
 it 
 tt 
 
 of H. H. Sawtelle on %, 
 for sales this day. 
 
 May 81 To balance from last week, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 3,000 
 
 1,666 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 14 28 
 33 00 
 28 50 
 
 39 00 4,824 78 
 
 1 4,824 78 
 
 31 
 
 00 
 
 27 
 
 00 
 
 60 
 
 00 
 
 29 
 
 00 
 
 32 
 
 00 
 
 41 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 34 
 
 00 
 
 608 
 
 11 
 
 264 
 
 00 
 
 872 
 
 11 
 
 775 86 
 
 28 00 
 
 
 
 121 40 
 
 
 
 36 00 
 
 
 
 31 00 
 
 
 
 40 00 
 
 
 
 14 00 
 
 
 
 20 00 
 
 
 
 28 00 
 
 
 
 42 00 
 
 360 
 
 40 
 
 
 1,136 
 
 26 
 
 
 566 
 
 65 
 
 18 00 
 
 
 
 10 12 
 
 
 
 39 1 00 il 
 
 1 
 
 
 42 00 
 
 
 
 47 00 
 
 
 
 8 00 
 
 
 
 51 00 
 
 215 
 
 12 
 
 
 781 
 
 77 
 
 724 77 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY, 
 
 61 
 
 Cash (Paid). 
 
 Cr, 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 May 
 
 4 
 
 It 
 
 
 tt 
 
 6 
 
 ti 
 
 
 If 
 
 8 
 
 ti 
 
 
 May 
 
 10 
 
 tt 
 
 12 
 
 (( 
 
 
 ti 
 
 
 u 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 May 19 
 
 By paid for carpenters for repairing, 
 » " " lumber " " 
 
 ** amount paid J. L. Davis for merchan- 
 dise bought in Boston as per bills 
 receipted and his expenses. 
 By paid for drayage, 
 *^ « freight bill, 
 
 6 25 
 
 2, 87 
 
 4168 37 11 ; 
 
 7 00 'H 
 32 18 4216 67 
 
 By paid J. L. Davis on private %, 
 " for confectionery, 
 
 *' pocket cutlery of peddler, 
 J. O. Hancock on private %, 
 taxes for James L. Davis, 
 
 tt 
 
 tt 
 
 (t 
 
 ii 
 
 t( 
 
 tt 
 
 ti 
 
 tt 
 
 By p'd bill mdse. b't of Johnson & Hicks, 
 for freight and drayage. 
 
 tt tt 
 
 May 24 By paid J. O. Hancock, 
 
 *' 28 " " for wood, 
 
 (( 29 " " " clerk hire, 
 
 ■JilJlii. Ciiijll' 
 
 4824 78 
 
 16 00 
 
 11 75 
 
 27 00 
 13 50 
 
 28 00 
 
 561 00 
 8 61 
 
 15 00 
 
 8| 00 
 34 00 
 
 96 25 
 
 872 11 
 
 569 61 
 
 tja 
 
 1136 26 
 
 57 00 
 
 TI 
 
 781 77 
 
 m 
 
#, 
 
 62 
 
 I 
 
 ?' 
 
 I 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 LEDGER. 
 
 u>»e a separate account, called a private account ,„ ,„i,- . ,, 
 the items of a nartnpr «..»„. j i^'ivare account, in which all 
 
 the ledger L cCr^. ""'*'^'* ''"""^ the month; and, when 
 
 ner's accent Tlhir r^""' " '''''^^'' '"«« ^-^^ P-*- 
 use Of theTLe actn?™ "^ '"'^ "•°"^''* ^^* "»* ^ -"^'e 
 
 INVENTORIES. 
 
 ^ In actual business there would be an inventory of merchandi^P 
 invested bv J O Win/>r.«ir „ ^ i ^ "lercnanaise 
 
 maininr iJLj. ^"""^^^J "f "'«» ""^ of the merchandise re- 
 
 DC ascertamed by taking an account of stock remaining unsold at 
 the time, usually at cost. '"'"ing unsold at 
 
 We have given a form for an inventory in the JX. Examnle • h„t 
 where no inventory is eiven tl.o „,«„. \. ■ example , but 
 
 reearri tn n„,„i, ^ , ' "'°""' '* assumed without any 
 
 i^rd to purchases or sales. The amount of merchandise in thi 
 Wa.ce account cannot be ascertained from any data in the text 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 63 
 
 Dr, 
 
 
 James L. Davis. 
 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 May 10 
 " 15 
 
 To cash, 
 
 - ' • balance, 
 
 07 
 07 
 
 16 
 
 28 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 31 
 
 1875. 
 
 May 3 
 " 31 
 
 By investment, 
 •' net gain, 
 
 By balance, 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 9,000 
 204 
 
 31 
 
 
 9,204 
 
 31 
 
 9,204 31 
 
 iittinii 1 ...,_ 
 
 
 
 
 y—— 
 
 June 1 
 
 
 9,160 
 
 31 
 
 Dr, 
 
 J. 0. Hancock. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 May 12 
 •' 24 
 
 To sundries, 
 " cash, 
 
 1 
 
 67! 
 68 
 
 26 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 05 
 00 
 
 20 
 
 1 1875. 
 May 3 
 " 31 
 
 ! 
 
 By investment, 
 " net gain, 
 
 By balance, 
 
 \ f 
 56 
 57; 
 
 \ 
 
 9,000 
 204 
 
 31 
 
 
 9,204 
 
 31 
 
 9,204 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 June 1 
 
 
 9,163 26 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Henry H. Sawtelle. 
 
 Cr 
 
 1875. 
 May 4 
 •♦" 10 
 
 " 28 
 
 To mdse.. 
 To balance, 
 
 66 
 67 
 68 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 62 
 
 6 
 
 85 
 15 
 42 
 
 ] 1875. 
 May 12 
 
 " 28 
 
 By cash. 
 
 By baJ:anee, 
 
 67 
 
 58 
 
 60 
 
 8 
 
 i-s 
 
 GO 
 (K) 
 
 •42 
 
 
 96 
 
 42 
 
 96 
 
 42 
 
 June 1 
 
 
 28 
 
 'm 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 Benj B. Webr 
 
 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 May 5 
 " 14 
 
 1 
 To mdse., 
 
 06 
 
 5T 
 
 12 
 6 
 
 46 
 04 
 
 1875. 
 May 15 
 
 M*iy31 
 
 By cash, 
 
 By bftlMic*, 
 
 sr 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 00 
 
 
 18 
 
 60 
 
 18 50 
 
 June 1 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. 
 
 
 ( 
 
 jtEO. 
 
 W. Howe. 
 
 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1«75. 
 May 5 
 ♦' 10 
 " 15 
 " 17 
 
 To mdse., 
 
 *' plaster, 
 *' mdse.. 
 
 66 
 67 
 67 
 68 
 
 21 
 
 18 
 3 
 6 
 
 76 
 60 
 60 
 16 
 
 1875. 
 May 19 
 " 24 
 
 By cash, 
 " *• to bal., 
 
 68 
 
 68 
 
 40 
 10 
 
 00 
 12 
 
 
 fO 
 
 29 
 
 60 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' *•!• iii»n«mii»iiiiJi 
 
ll 
 
 I 
 
 64 
 
 Dr, 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 Livingston Muzzy. 
 
 1875. 
 
 May 6 
 
 " 21 
 
 Tomdse. 
 
 m 
 
 58 
 
 22 69 
 5 80 
 
 28 49 
 
 1875. 
 May 21 Bycaah, 
 
 June 1 
 
 To balance. 
 
 
 8 49 
 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Moses T. Woodward. 
 
 1875. 
 May 8 Tomdse. 
 
 May 24 To mdse. 
 
 June 1 To balance, 
 
 5« 
 
 58 
 
 Ml 
 68 
 
 Db. 
 
 $44.00 
 
 4i.a5 
 
 96.42 
 18.50 
 .50.12 
 28.49 
 121.40 
 59.05 
 
 $45aoi 
 
 PROOF-SHEET. 
 
 James L. Davis 
 J. O. Hancock . 
 Henry H. Sawtelle . 
 Benj. B. Webb 
 Geo. W. Howe 
 Livingston Muzzy . 
 Moses T. Woodward 
 Moses T. Woodward 
 
 Total footingt of debit side of ledger, S459.03 
 
 Total footingi of credit side of ledger, 18,209.52 
 
 Total footings of day-book, 
 
 $18,728.55 
 $18,728.55 
 
 Or. 
 
 58 20 00 
 
 28 49 
 
 Cr. 
 
 121 
 
 40 
 
 1875. 
 May 18 
 
 By canb, 
 
 56 
 
 121 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 7 
 6 
 
 80 
 25 
 00 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 05 
 
 05 
 
 59 
 
 05 
 
 Cr. 
 
 $9,000.00 
 9,000,00 
 68.00 
 10.00 
 50.12 
 20.00 
 121.40 
 
 $18,269.52 
 
 This proof-sheet should be made before any of the accounts are 
 closed in the ledger in order to test the correctness of the work. 
 Then a statement of the assets and liabilities should be made, the 
 loss or gain should be ascertained, and each partner should be 
 credited in the day-book with his sliare of the gain, or debited 
 with his share of the loss. These entries should be posted to the 
 proper side of the partner*s account, and the ledger should then 
 be closed with red ink balances, which should be brought down on 
 the other side of the account as the balance at the beginning of 
 
 SINGLE ENTRr, 
 
 ASSETS. 
 
 65 
 
 a 
 
 Store and fixtures per inventory valued at 
 
 Merchandise " *' ... 
 
 Cash as per cash-book 
 
 Henry H. Sawtelle owes on % 
 
 Benj. B. Webb 
 
 Livingston Muzzy 
 
 M. T. Woodward 
 
 
 n a 
 
 
 $6,000.00 
 
 11,494.34 
 
 724.77 
 
 28.42 
 
 8.50 
 
 8.49 
 
 59.05 
 
 Total assets. May 31, 1875 $18 323.57 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 James L. Davis, net capital May 1 . . . . 
 James L. Davis drew out during the month . 
 
 James L. Davis, net capital May 31, exclusive of gain 
 
 J. O. Hancock's net capital May 1 . , . . 
 J. O. Hancock drew out during the month . 
 
 J. O. Hancock's net capital May 31, exclusive of gain 
 Total net capital exclusive of gain .... 
 
 T * ■ '' ■ jj'iiiri ..... 
 
 J'- * *- ' * . .till . 
 
 James L. Davis's net capital May 31 
 
 J.O.Hancock's " '* u 
 
 ),000.00 
 44.00 
 
 . $8,956.00 
 
 $9,000 
 41.05 
 
 8,958.95 
 
 li 
 
 . $17,914.95 
 
 S'Z04.i.»l 
 $.204.31 
 $9,160.31 
 $9,163.26 
 
 Br. 
 
 Balance Account. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1875. 
 May 31 
 
 Store and fixtures, 
 
 Mdse.* 
 
 Cash, 
 
 H. H. Sawtelle, 
 
 Benj. B. Webb, 
 
 L. Muzzy, 
 
 M. T. Woodward, 
 
 • Assumed. 
 
 1878. 
 May3l| ByJ. L.Davis, 
 
 J. O. Hancock, 
 
 9,160; 31 
 9,163j 26 
 
 the next month. 
 
 155. What are assets? 
 
 All kinds of property owned by the proprietor or proprietors, 
 such as real estate, merchandise, stocks, bonds, notes, and per- 
 sonal accounts. 
 
 156. What are liabilities ? 
 
 All debts due others on notes or accounts, and the net capital. 
 
!«■ 
 
 66 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 157. What is the net capital? 
 
 The net capital is the difference between the assets and liabili- 
 ties Hence the total assets must equal the Uabilities after the 
 gain is closed into the partner's account, if the work is correct. 
 
 158 Why is net capital a liability? 
 
 Because the business owes the net capital to the proprietors. 
 
 159 Whatis the balance account? 
 
 An account in which are entered the assets and liabilities The 
 assets are entered on the Dr. side, and the habilities on the Ci. 
 
 side. 
 
 160 Why should this account always balance? 
 
 Because the assets and liabilities are always equal when the loss 
 or gain is properly closed into the partner's account. 
 
 161. What is the use of the balance account I* 
 
 It is a test of the correctness of the closing of the ledger, while 
 the proof-sheet is a test of the correctness of the posting. 
 
 162. What would be necessary, if at any time one of the part- 
 ners should wish to retire from the business? 
 
 Close the ledger as above, pay him his net capital, debit him 
 with the amount, and balance his account. 
 
 163. What would be necessary in order, at any time, to receive 
 
 a partner into the firm? 
 
 Close the ledger as above ; let the new partner pay any amount 
 agreed upon by him and the other parties ; credit him with the 
 same ; and continue the business as before. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 67 
 
 EXAMPLE YIII. 
 
 May^, 1875. — William A. Bailey and John K. Soraers enter 
 into partnership under the firm name of Bailey & Somers, as 
 dealers in furniture and carpets. William A. Bailey invests 
 mdse. valued at S7,862, and cash amounting to $1,138. John K. 
 Somers invests his store valued at $3,000, and cash $6,000. 
 
 Jfay4. — Paid for set of books, and other expenses, $27.32. 
 Sold Charles O. Ramsey on %, 1 sofa, $42.00 ; 4 parlor chairs, Co) 
 $5.00 ; 1 marble-top table, $28.00. Received cash for sales this 
 day, $18.00. 
 
 May 5. — Received cash for sales this day, $21 .00. 
 
 May 6. — Paid for bill of mdse. bought in Boston, $7,014.12. 
 Sold Jacob S. Coombs on %, 1 black-walnut chamber set, $72.00. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $31.00. 
 
 ^ May 7.— Paid for freight, $37.41. Paid for drayage, $8.12. 
 Sold Damon G. Usher on %, 25 yds. Brussels tapestry carpeting, 
 (a) $1.20; 28 yds. ingrain carpeting, (a) 50^; 30 yds. 4-4 straw 
 matting, (a) 20^. Received for cash sales, $18.50. 
 
 3fai/ 8. — Charles O. Ramsey has this day paid cash on %, 
 $40.00. Sold Jacob S. Coombs on %, 1 doz. common chairs, 
 $7.00; 1 rocker, $4.50. Sold Mrs. Mary S. Walker on %, 42 
 yds. velvet carpeting, (a) $4.00 ; 18 yds. straw matting, (a) 30^. 
 Received cash for sales this day, $62.00. 
 
 May 10. —Sold Charles O. Ramsey on %, 1 book-case, $29.00. 
 Paid John K. Somers cash on private %, $14.00. Received cash 
 of Jacob S. Coombs on %, $75.00. Received for sales this day, 
 $13.75. 
 
 May 11. — Received cash for sales this day, $42.00. 
 
 May 12. — Sold E. W. Lawrence on %, 1 cottage bedstead, 
 $4.50; 1 what-not, $13.60; 1 black-walnut extension table, 
 $19.00. Sold Abel Tyler on %, 24 yds. stair-carpeting, (a) 62^ ; 
 1 hall-mat, $3.50 ; 1 crumb-cloth, $9.00. Received cash for sales 
 this day, $32.00. 
 
 May 13. — Cash received for sales this day, $81.00. 
 3fay 14. — Received cash on % of Charles O. Ramsey, $50.00. 
 Sold Damon G. Usher on %, 1 parlor suit, $200.00. Paid W. A. 
 
 I 
 
 ■"'"TiBiiiiiiii 
 
68 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 BaUey cash on private %, 819.00. Keceived for sales this day, 
 
 846.00. 
 
 May 15. — Cash sales this day, $81.00. 
 
 J»f«« 17. -Sold Jacob S. Coombs on %, 1 doz. d.ning chairs, 
 ® 83.00 each ; 1 wardrobe, $32.00. Received cash for sales this 
 
 da}', $43.00. 
 
 May 18. - Beceived cash for sales this day, 837.50 
 
 Mav 19. -Received of Damon G. Usher on %, $50.00. Sold 
 Mrs. Mary S. Walker on %, 1 bureau, $36 ; 1 Pl"* P''^l<''-.f ;^*' 
 $238.00; 1 doz. dining chairs, ® $3.00 each. She pajs us 
 $200.00 on %. Cash received for sales, $91.00. 
 
 May 20.— Received for sales this day, $44.00. 
 
 J»faw21.-Sold Abel Tyler on %, 1 chamber set, $71.00; 1 
 washitand, $5.00 ; 1 music-stool, $5.00. ^oX^.^' ^^ l^H^^'^, 
 yds. bocking, (a) $1.50; 26 yds. stair-carpeting, ® $1.30. Ke 
 
 ceived cash for sales, $40.00. a/ ti i in 
 
 J»fa«22.-Paid John K. Somers on P"^^^^ ^'J^^-f' 
 
 ceived of Charles O. Ramsey cash to balance %, $-29.00. 
 
 received for sales this day, $62.00. uppeived 
 
 mv -24. -Received cash for sales this day, $67.00. Received 
 
 of Jacob S. Coombs on %, $50.00. „,_„„ i 
 
 01 oauou.-.. /<- TT.up,. nn W. 1 bureau, $17.00 ; 1 
 
 Jlfaw 25. — Sold Damon G. Ushei on Xc' ^ ,„ „ „/ 
 
 sintJs.OO ; 1 bracket, $3.00. Sold Mrs. Mary S Walker on %, 
 1 lounge, $36.00. Received cash for sales, «69.00 
 
 May 26. — Cash received for sales this day, $a.0U. 
 
 May 27. -Received cash for sales this day, $82.00. 
 
 Mav 28. -Paid William A. Bailey cash on private %, $13.7o. 
 Received of Abel Tyler on %, cash, $60.00. Received cash for 
 
 sales, $87.00. . , „ • «7 An 
 
 3f;v29.-Paid clerk-hire, $36.00. Paid f<"; .-^f"^' JJ-J"" 
 Sold Abel Tyler 1 sofa, $42.00. Cash for sales this day, $104.00. 
 
 Re- 
 Cash 
 
 \ 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 PROOF-SHEET. 
 
 $32.75 
 
 25.50 
 119.00 
 151.50 
 278.00 
 519.40 
 
 84.40 
 150.38 
 
 $1,360.93 
 
 $1,360.93 total debits of the ledger. 
 18,554.00 total credits of the ledger. 
 
 $19,914.93 total debits and credits. 
 19,914.1)3 total footing of day-book. 
 
 Balance Account. 
 
 69 
 
 William A. Bailey . 
 
 . $9,000.00 
 
 Jolin K. isomers ... 
 
 9,0(10.00 
 
 Charles O. Kamsey 
 
 119.00 
 
 Jacob S. Coombs . , . . 
 
 125.00 
 
 Damon G. Usher . 
 
 50.00 
 
 Mrs. Mary S. Walker . 
 
 200.00 
 
 E. W. Lawrence . , . , 
 
 000.00 
 
 Abel Tyler 
 
 60.00 
 
 $18,554.00 
 
 1875. 
 May 31 
 
 To Store, 
 " Mdse.* 
 •♦ Cash, 
 
 " J. S. Coombs, 
 " D. G. Usher. 
 « Mrs. M. S. Walker, 
 ** E. W. Lawi-ence, 
 « Abel Tyler, 
 
 • Assumed. 
 
 3,000 
 
 13,074 
 
 1,750 
 
 26 
 
 228 
 
 319 
 
 84 
 
 90 
 
 00 
 
 82 
 
 53 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 40 \ 
 
 40 
 
 38 
 
 1875. 
 May 31 
 
 By W. A. Bailey, 
 " J. K. Somers, 
 
 9,283 
 9,290 
 
 1* 
 
 39 
 G4 
 
 
 18.074 
 
 m 
 
 18,574 
 
 03 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : f i 
 
 FIFTH FOKM. 
 
 The previous forms arc designed for farmers, meclianics, and 
 retail dealers. The fifth is designed for wholesale merchants, or 
 retail dealers doing a more extensive business. In addition to the 
 books employed in the fourth form, a sales-book, an invoice-book, 
 and a bill-book are introduced. The use of each will be explained 
 in the proper connection. 
 
 The ninth example represents the business transactions of Dan- 
 iel G. Moody and William T. Collins, who have united their capital 
 and interest in a wholesale and retail flour and grain trade, under 
 the firm name of Moody & Collins. 
 
70 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 EXAMPLE IX 
 
 The record of the transactions of this example will be omitted 
 for the same reason as before. 
 
 i 
 
 INVOICE - BOOK. 
 
 164. What use is made of the invoice-book? 
 
 Tiie invoice-book should contain a record of all merchandise on 
 hand at the commencement of business, and all merchandise 
 bought. 
 
 165. How should the invoice-book be ruled? 
 Like a ledger of the second form. 
 
 166. What should be written on the first horizontal line? 
 The same as in the day-book of third form. 
 
 167. What should be placed in the first column ? 
 The date. 
 
 168. What in the second column ? 
 
 The page of the several books to which the ti-ansactions ai*e to 
 be transferred, with red ink. 
 
 169. What in the third column? 
 Transactions. 
 
 170. Fourth and fifth? 
 Short extensions. 
 
 171. Sixth and seventh? 
 Full extensions. 
 
 Some book-keepers prefer to make use of a separate book for 
 tlie inventory of merchandise on hand, instead of inserting it in 
 the invoice-book. This is probably the better method. The other 
 form will be shown in Part II. 
 
 The articles bought and sold in this example are of such a 
 nature that they can be easily traced. The learner will ascertain 
 if the inventory at closing is correct. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 71 
 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 New Hampton., N.II., June 1, 1875. 
 
 [Inventory of Merchandise invested by Dan- 
 iel G. Moody in the firm of Moody & 
 Collins.] 
 
 10 bbls. St. Louis ch. ex. flour @ $10.00, 
 medium ex. flour («) $8.00, 
 extra flour (a), $7.00, 
 Western superfine flour @ $5.50, 
 Southern extra flour @ $6.50, 
 
 " choice ex. flour @, $8.00, 
 
 80 bush, white wheat @ $1.90, 
 
 30 
 
 154 
 
 130 
 
 310 
 
 200 
 
 12 
 15 
 40 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 (i 
 
 (4 
 
 
 it 
 
 barley @ $1.50, 
 Southern corn @ 77/, 
 Western yellow corn @ 75/, 
 oats @, .60, 
 rye @ $1.00, 
 8 tons shorts (S) $20.00, 
 
 3 •' fine feed @ $21.00, 
 
 4 " middling @ $23.00, 
 
 d' 
 
 Bought o/E. P. Prescott & Co., Concord,[ 
 
 20 bbls. Baltimore flour r^) $10.00, | 
 
 10 " rye flour @ $6.00, 
 
 3 " oatmeal @ $7.00, | 
 
 1000 lbs. buckwheat flour @ 3/, 
 
 400 bush. Southern white com @ 80/, 
 
 Bought of Thaxtee, Shaw, & Co. 
 
 100 bbls. St. Louis flour @ $9.50, 
 100 " Southern extra @, $6.25, 
 200 bush. Western white corn @ 70/, 
 100 " oats @ 62/, 
 
 Bought of E. P. Prescott & Co. 
 
 400 bush. Southern mixed com @ 70/, 
 
 100 " barley @ $1.50, 
 
 100 bbls. Genesee flour @ $8.00, 
 
 Amount forward. 
 
 100 
 
 96 
 
 105 
 
 220 
 
 195 
 
 100 
 
 152 
 
 45 
 
 118 
 
 97 
 
 186 
 
 200 
 
 160 
 
 63 
 
 92 
 
 200 
 60 
 21 
 .30 
 
 320 
 
 950 
 
 625 
 
 140 
 
 62 
 
 280 
 150 
 800 
 
 58 
 50 
 
 1,990 08 
 
 631 
 
 1,777! 
 
 1,230 
 
 5,628 08 
 
'2 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 73 
 
 
 ''i( 
 
 New Hampton^ June 24, 187t5, 
 
 
 
 Amount brought forward^ 
 
 400 
 
 tHH) 
 
 
 5,628 
 
 i,;joo 
 
 0.1 »28 
 
 08 
 
 
 Bought of E. P. Pkescott & Co. 
 
 500 biisli. corn meal, (Sj SOf, 
 100 bbls. flour (a), $9.00, 
 
 
 
 Total invoice of the inontii, 
 
 \Inventoryi ofMdse. remaining unmld at the 
 clone of the month. | ■ 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 
 280 
 
 320 
 
 240 
 
 800 
 
 891 
 
 80 
 
 42 
 
 69 
 
 21 
 
 i 
 t 
 
 2,743 ' 
 
 
 
 400 bush. Soutliern mixed corn f" 70*% 
 400 " corn meal (" 80c^', 
 300 '* Southern white corn @ 80<', 
 100 bbls. Genesee flour @ $8.00, 
 09 " " " ©$9.00, 
 4 tons shorts (a^, $20.00, 
 ,2 " fine feed @- $21.00, 
 3 " middling C", $23.00, 
 700 lbs. buckwheat flour @ 3'', 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The inventory of merchandise on hand June 1, is entered first 
 in the invoice-book. At the bottom of the entry, on the right 
 hand, is written *' investment of D. G. M.," with red ink, to show 
 from whom it was received. At the left " day-l»ook " is written 
 to show to what book it is transfen-ed ; in the second column, the 
 page of the book to which it is transferred. When merchandise 
 is bought on a note, it is transferred to tlie bill-book ; when for 
 cash, to the cash-book ; when on account, to the day-book. For 
 convenience we have inserted in the invoice-book the inventory of 
 merchandise remaining unsold at the close of the month. The 
 amount should be transferred to the balance aeeouiit. 
 
 -J 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 SALES-BOOK. 
 New Hampton, NH,, June 2, 1875. 
 
 i I 
 
 Nti 
 
 I Sold Edwin K Cate. 
 
 10 bbls. extra St. Louis flour ^i $8.00, 
 100 bush. Southern corn (w, 84^, 
 50 •' oats^eSf*, 
 1 2 tons shorts @ $22.00, 
 
 Sold F. L. Wiley. 
 
 ! 20 bbls. Southern ex. flour @> $7.00, 
 40 bush, rye @ $1.10, 
 50 " Western yellow corn @ 80«^, 
 
 Sold George F. Sherburne. 
 
 10 bbls. cli. ex. St. Louis flour (n^ $11.00, 
 10 " Western superfine flour @ $6.00, 
 20 bush, white wheat @ $2.00, 
 1 ton fine feed, 
 I bbl. oatmeal, 
 
 (IV 
 
 Sold John J. Harper. 
 
 m $8.00, 
 " @ $7.00, 
 
 12 bbls St. Louis medium flour @ $9.00, 
 
 5 '* " extra *' ^ *o aa 
 
 10 " Southern '' 
 
 15 bush, barley (a) $1.60, 
 
 100 *' southern white corn (m 90f, 
 
 C I >■"•"• f"-'f'ft,. — lii (lays on *; .) 
 
 Sold Cyrus S. Korman. 
 
 30 bbls. western super, flour (a)j $6.00, 
 
 20 " Southern ch. ex. @ $9.00, 
 
 100 bush, oats (a)j 10^, 
 
 54 " Southern corn @ 80/, 
 
 15 " barley @ $1.60, 
 
 60 " white wheat @, $2.00, 
 
 ( «iii-book. ~ Not© at 10 days., } 
 
 80 
 84 
 
 32 .50 
 44. 
 
 108 
 40 
 
 7b 
 
 24 
 90 
 
 180 
 
 180 
 70 
 43 
 24 
 
 120 
 
 20 
 
 240 50 
 
 140 
 
 1 I 
 
 • 44 I 1 
 
 40 
 
 j 1) 
 
 1 110 
 
 ! 1' 
 
 •1 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 • 5 1 
 
 1, ' 
 
 1 
 
 224 
 
 240 
 
 332 
 
 617 20 
 
74 
 
 16 
 
 22 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 New Eampton, Ji^ne 14, 1875. 
 
 Amount brought forward^ 
 
 Sold JosiAH H. Conner. 
 
 50 bbls. St. Louis flour (4 $10.00, 
 
 50 " Southern extra flour On $6.75, 
 
 Sold Edwin F. Catk. 
 
 80 bush. Western yellow com @ W, 
 100 " rye @ $1.10, 
 200 " oats @ 65f , 
 2 tons shorts @ $24.00, 
 10 bbls. rye flour @ 7.00, 
 20 ** Baltimore flour @ $11.00, 
 i 1 bbl. oatmeal. 
 
 ■1 
 
 500 
 3:57 
 
 110 
 
 130 
 48 
 70 
 
 220 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 Sold William T. Collins. 
 
 1 bbl. flour, 
 ^ " oatmeal, 
 
 (Private %.) 
 
 9 
 5 
 
 1,658 70 
 
 a37 50 
 
 650 
 
 14 
 
 28 
 
 80 
 
 Sold Alden F. Fuller. 
 
 60 bush, oats @ 70^, 
 
 60 " rye @ $1.10, 
 
 1 bbl. oatmeal, 
 
 300 lbs. buckwheat flour @ 4/ , 
 
 1 ton middling, 
 
 Sold Henry M. Ames. 
 
 200 bush. Western white com (^ 80f , 
 50 bbls. St. Louis flour (a}> $10.00, 
 50 " Southern extra flour @ $7.00, 
 100 bush, barley (a), $1.62, 
 100 " corn meal (a) 90<^, 
 
 Total sales for the mouth, 
 
 42 
 
 66 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
 25 
 
 1' 
 
 154 
 
 160 
 
 
 500 
 
 
 350 
 
 
 162 
 
 
 90 
 
 1,262 
 
 4,571 
 
 20 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 75 
 
 172. What use is made of the sales-book? 
 
 The sales-book should contain a record of merchandise sold. 
 
 173. How should {he sales-book be ruled? 
 Like the invoice-book. 
 
 174. How should the entries be made ? 
 
 Like those in the invoice-book ; only the third column should 
 contain merchandise sold, instead of merchandise bought. 
 
 Some book-keepers prefer to post directly from the invoice-book 
 and sales-book, rather than transfer the entries, and post the 
 results. In order to illustrate both methods, we adopt this form 
 in single entry, and the other in double entry. The learner should 
 thoroughly understand both methods. In actual business he can 
 use either. 
 
I 
 
 
 76 
 
 BOOK-KEEFiNG. 
 
 DAT-BOOK. 
 
 What transactions should be entered in the day-book of this 
 
 ^''™' . . A „ n»M out on ««Hmt, should be entered 
 
 Cash received, and cash paid out on nooonm, su . 
 
 to the daybook and cash-book ; merchandi^ ^'V" . TS 
 luld Jentered in the invoice-book, and then ta^nsfened to t^e 
 day-book ; merchandise sold on account should be enter^ n the 
 Ses-book, and then transferred to the ^^^ f^^ ^^^^^^ 
 liabilities of the partners, except net «y*^' *°"'^^^:^°''i;l j 
 the day-book when the books are opened : and the net gain shouw 
 
 be entered when they are closed. ^ . , ^ ,,^.,. xheu- 
 
 Charles Gray and John J. Harper owe Darnel G. Mood. The"- 
 accounts are in Daniel G. Momly's books, not given >■> th.s t.ea- 
 tise The agreement is, that they shall pay the balances due Darnel 
 G Moody to the firm. He therefore credits them or enough to 
 Wance tLir accounts in his old books, and debits them for the 
 1„.!L in the books of the firm. Moody is also credited 
 same amounU, m the ^^ ^ ^j^j ^„d Cooler 
 
 for the same amounts. William i. v^oiimo « 
 and Connor are credited for like reasons. 
 
 / 
 
 2 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 New Hampton^ N.H,, June 1, 1875. 
 
 82 
 
 o2 
 
 Daniel G. Moody, Cr, 
 
 By mdse. per Invoice Book, 
 " Peter C. Snow's note and int. per B. B. 
 " Charles Gray, due on %, 
 " John J. Harper, due on %, 
 " cash, 
 
 William T. Collins, 
 
 By store and fixtures invested, 
 " cash hivested, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 CO 
 
 9f> 
 
 CONTKA, D7 
 
 To Edwin F. Cate, balance due him on %, 
 " Josiah H. Conner, *' " '^ 
 
 " Leonard Cooper, " " " 
 
 Charles Gray, 
 
 To amount due D. G. Moody, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 John J. Harper, Dr. 
 
 To amount due D. G. Moody on his in- 
 vestment, 
 
 Edwin F. Cate, Cr. 
 
 By amount due from W. T. Collins, as- 
 * sumed by firm. 
 
 Josiah H. Conner, ' Cr. 
 
 By amount due from W. T. Collins, as- 
 sumed by firm, 
 
 
 Leonard Cooper, Cr. 
 
 By amount due from W. T. Collins, as- 
 sumed by firm. 
 
 Edwin F. Cate, Dr, 
 
 To bill mdse., (Sales-Book, page 73), 
 
 O-J 
 
 E. p. Prescott & Co., Cr, 
 
 By bill mdse., per Invoice Book, 
 
 Josiah H. Conner, 
 To cash to balance %, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Amount forward. 
 
 1,990! 08 
 6041 60 
 163 
 132 ! 
 
 1,110 32 
 
 2,800 
 1,600 
 
 160 
 140 
 100 
 
 77 
 
 4,000 
 
 4,400 
 
 400 
 
 163 
 
 132 
 
 160 
 
 140 
 
 100 
 
 240 f 50 
 
 631 
 
 140 
 
 10,506 
 
 50 
 

 I I 
 
 78 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 New Hampton^ June 7, 1875, 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 79 
 
 Am(mnt brought forward^ 
 
 Leonard Cooper, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To cash to balance %, 
 
 
 John J. Harpee, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To bill mdse. per Sales-Book, 
 
 
 William T. Collins (private %), 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To cash on private %, 
 
 
 Daniel G. Moody (private %). 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To paid gas bill for him, 
 
 
 JosiAH H. Conner, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To mdse. per Sales-Book, 
 
 
 E. P. PREscorr & Co., 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To cash to balance %, 
 
 
 John J. Harper, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 By cash on %, 
 
 
 Daniel G. Moody (private % ), 
 
 Dr. 
 
 To cash on %, 
 
 
 Amount forward, 
 
 10,506 
 
 60 
 
 100 
 
 332 
 
 32 
 
 17 
 837 50 
 631 
 400 
 
 13 
 
 I 
 
 12,869 00 
 
 New Hampton^ June 22, 1875. 
 
 Amount brought forward. 
 
 William T. Collins (private %), Dr. 
 s.; 1 To bill mdse. per Sales-Book, 
 
 23 JosiAH H. Conner, 
 
 By cash on %, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 28 William T. Collins (private %), Dr. 
 
 To cash on ^, 
 
 Total footing of Day-Book, 
 
 Daniel G. Moody, 
 
 By 3^ net gain for month, 
 
 William T. Collins, 
 By 3^ net gain for month, 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Cr 
 
 Total footing, including net gain. 
 
 12,869 00 
 
 14 
 
 700 
 
 17 
 
 13,600 
 
 14 59 
 
 14 59 
 
 13,629 18 
 
150 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 81 
 
 l^ASH. 
 
 Dt 
 
 Cash. 
 
 Cr, 
 
 ' 1875. 1 
 
 June 
 
 3 
 16 
 10 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 i 
 
 To amount invested by Daniel G. Moody, 
 « » " Wm. T. Collins, 
 
 rec'd of F. L. Wiley per sales-book, 
 " of E. F. Gate, per sales-book, 
 " for P. C. Snow's note, 
 " of J. J. Harper in full of %, 
 " for G. H. Sherburne's note, 
 " of J. H. Conner on %, 
 " of C. S. Norman in full for note, 
 " of Henry M. Ames, per S. B. 
 
 July 1 I To balance from last month, 
 
 1,110 
 1,600 
 224 
 650 
 606 
 400 
 240 
 700 
 617 
 1,262 
 
 80 
 
 20 
 
 7,409 
 
 1875. 
 June 
 
 82 
 
 7,409' 82 
 3,094 19 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 14 
 19 
 26 
 28 
 30 
 
 I 
 
 * 
 
 (( 
 
 it 
 (( 
 (( 
 
 By paid for set of books, 26 
 
 J. H. Conner on %, 140 
 
 Leonard Cooper on %, 100 
 
 Thaxter, Shaw, & Co. per I. B. !' 1,777 
 Daniel G. Moody's gas bill, 17 
 
 W. T. Collins on private %, 32 
 
 E. P. Prescott & Co. on %, 631 
 
 D. G. Moody on private % , ; 13 
 note favor of E. P. Prescott & Co, \ 1,230 
 W. T. Collins on private %, \\ 17 
 
 25 
 
 
 clerk hire, 
 freight bill, 
 sundry expenses. 
 
 By balance on hand, 
 
 75 
 247 
 10 
 
 38 
 
 4,315 
 
 63 
 
 19 
 
 7,409 82 
 
.iiiSiiiiili 
 
 |i 
 
 i 4 
 
 82 
 
 I)r 
 
 BOOK-KKEPING. 
 
 (Assets.) 
 
 Balance Account. (Liawimes.) Or. 
 
 1875. 
 June 1 Toindse., 
 
 " P. C. Snow's note, 
 
 " Cha'8 Gray's %, 
 " J.J.Hart>er's'^.. 
 " store and tixt're, 
 " cash, 
 
 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 1,990 
 
 08 
 
 June 1 
 
 
 604 
 
 60 
 
 1 
 
 
 163 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 132 
 
 
 
 
 2,8(M) 
 
 
 
 
 2,710 
 
 32 
 
 
 8.400 
 
 
 " J. H. Con II 
 " L. Cooper 
 •' 1). G. MiKxly's 
 
 net investm't, 
 " VV. T. CoUins's 
 
 net inventiu't, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Daniel G. Moody. 
 
 1875. 
 JuneSO To private %, 
 
 83 30 
 4,014 59 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 June 1 To am't assumed, 77 400 
 " 30 '* private %, 83 63 
 
 William T. Collins. 
 
 4,414 59 
 
 1875. 
 
 June 1 By Investment, 
 '* 30 " net gain, 
 
 July 1 By balance, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Charles Gray. 
 
 1875. 
 June 1 To bal. due D. G. 
 
 Moody, 77 
 
 1875. 
 
 July 1 To balance, 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 June 1 To am't due D. G. 
 
 Moody, 
 
 163 
 163 
 
 John J. Harper. 
 
 77 
 
 132 
 
 I8T5. 
 June 17 By cash, 
 
 ** 9 To mdse. per S. B. qg ^2 
 
 464 
 
 64 
 
 July. 1 To balance. 
 
 Br. 
 
 Edwin F. Cate. 
 
 
 160 
 140 
 100 
 
 ! 
 
 4,000 
 
 
 4,000 
 
 
 8,400 
 
 Cr. 
 
 18T5. 
 June 1 
 " 30 
 
 July 1 
 
 By investment, 
 ** net gain, 
 
 By balance, 
 
 77 
 79 
 
 4,000 
 14 
 
 4,014 
 3.984 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 59 
 
 Or. 
 
 77 
 
 79 
 
 4,400 
 14 
 
 59 
 
 
 4,414 
 3,0&1 
 
 59 
 
 39 
 
 Or 
 
 Or 
 
 78 400 
 
 464 
 
 Or 
 
 1875. ^*^75. 
 
 June 2 To mdse. Sales-B'k, 77 ii-tO 50 June 1 By aiif t due from 
 
 yf. T. c, * * 
 
 July 1 To balance, 
 
 240 50 
 80 50 
 
 160 
 
 240 50 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 Junes 
 
 To cash to bal. 
 
 Junel4 To mdse. S. B. 
 
 Julyl To balance, 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 June 7 To cash to bal. 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 Junel4 To cash to bal. 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 Junell 
 •• 22 
 •• 28 
 
 To cash, 
 " mdse 
 " cash, 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 
 Junel2 
 " 19 
 
 To paid his bill, 
 " cash. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 JosiAH H. Conner. 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 1875. \ 
 
 140 June 1 By am't due from 
 
 W T. C. j 77 
 
 837 50 June 23 By cash, 
 
 837 50 
 
 f 
 137 50 
 
 79 
 
 Leonard Coopei!. 
 
 78 
 
 1875. 
 June 1 By am't due from 
 
 W. T. C. 77 
 
 E. P. Prescott & Co. 
 
 1875. 
 
 TS 631 June 4 By mdse. I. B. 
 
 William T. Collins. 
 
 (Private.) 
 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 78 
 
 32 
 
 
 79 
 
 14 
 
 
 79 
 
 i 
 
 17 
 63 
 
 
 Br. 
 
 1875. 
 June 30| 
 
 (Assets.) Balance Account. 
 
 (Liabilities.) 
 
 To cash, 
 
 " store & fixtures, 
 " mdse. 
 
 ** ChariesGray, 
 " John J. Harper, 
 " Edwin F. Cate, 
 " Jos. H. Conner, 
 " A.F.Fuller'sn'te 
 
 3,094 19 
 
 June 30 
 
 2,800 
 
 
 2,743 
 
 
 163 
 
 
 64 
 
 
 80 60 
 
 
 137 50 
 
 
 154 
 
 
 9,236 19 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 50 B __ 
 
 P. P. & Co. 
 By Dan'l G.Moody, 
 By Wm.T. Collins 
 
 83 
 
 Cr. 
 
 140 
 700 
 
 837 50 
 
 f 
 
 Or. 
 
 100 
 
 Or. 
 
 77 
 
 631 
 
 Or. 
 
 * 
 
 63 
 
 :: ir : : i 
 
 Danie 
 
 L G. Moody. (Private.) 
 
 Or. 
 
 78 17 
 78 13 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 30^1 
 
 L 1 ' 
 
 Or. 
 
 1,300 
 3,984 59 
 3,951 60 
 
 9.236 19 
 
.-,^ :i ii S i ;j ,ii ; . g.a 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 u 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING, 
 
 PBOOP-SHEET. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 85 
 
 Dm. 
 
 $400.00 
 168.00 
 464.00 
 240.50 
 140.00 
 a37.50 
 100.00 
 631.00 
 6:3.00 
 
 moo 
 
 $3,069.00 
 
 Daniel G. Moody 
 William T. Collins 
 Charles Gray 
 John J. Harper . 
 Edwin F. Cate . 
 Josiah H. Conner 
 Josiah H. Conner 
 Leonard Cooper 
 E. P. Prescott & Co. 
 William T. Collins (private) 
 Daniel G. Moody 
 
 it 
 
 Cr. 
 $4,0(K).00 
 4,400.00 
 
 400.00 
 160.00 
 140.00 
 700.00 
 100.00 
 631.00 
 
 $10,531.00 
 
 Total footingi of the debtor dde of tlie ledger, $.3,069.00 
 
 " " •* credit " " " 10,531.00 
 
 Total fboting of debtor and credit tidei of ledger, $13, 600. 00 
 
 Total footingi of the day-book, $13, 600. 00 
 
 ASSETS, June 30. 
 
 Cash as per cash-book . 
 Store and fixtures valued at . 
 Mdse. per inventory 
 Charles Gray owes on % 
 John J. Harper owes on % . 
 Edwin F. Cate " ** 
 Josiah H. Conner " " 
 Alden F. Fuller owes on note 
 
 Total assets June 30, 
 
 $3,094.19 
 
 2,800.00 
 
 2,743.00 
 
 163.00 
 
 64.00 
 
 80.50 
 
 137.50 
 
 154.00 
 
 $9,236.19 
 
 LIABILITIES. 
 
 Note favor of E. P. Prescott & Co. 
 Daniel G. Moody net capital June 1 
 Daniel G. Moody drew out on private % 
 
 His net capital exclusive of gain . 
 William T. Collins' s net capital June 1 . 
 Drew out on private % . 
 
 His net capital exclusive of gain . 
 
 . $1,300.00 
 . $4,000.00 
 30.00 
 
 . $4,000.00 
 63.00 
 
 3,970.00 
 
 . $3,9.37.00 
 
 Total liabilities exclusive of gain . 
 
 Total net ixaiu 
 
 Daniel G. Moody's net gain . 
 William T. Collins's net gain . 
 Daniel G. Moody's net capital at closing 
 William T. Collins's " 
 
 $9,207.00 
 
 $29.19 
 
 $14.59 
 
 $14.60 
 
 $3,984.59 
 
 $3,951.60 
 
 
 The various amounts drawn out by the partners during the 
 month are carried to their private accounts, and at the end of the 
 month they are closed into the partner's accounts. Most book- 
 keepers prefer this method, rather than the one in the fourth form. 
 
 We also open the ledger, and close it, with a balance account, so 
 that the assets and liabilities may be seen at a glance ; but the 
 balances are brought down on the opposite side of the account so 
 that it will not be necessary to open the next month's business in 
 the day-book with the assets and liabilities of the partners as 
 before. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 175. What is a note? 
 
 A written promise to pay a certain sum of money, on demand, 
 or at a specified time. 
 
 176. Who is the maker of a note? 
 
 The person who promises to pay. His name should be written 
 at the right hand, below the body of the note. 
 
 177. Who is the payee of a note? 
 
 The person to whom the amount of the note is to be paid. His 
 name is usually inserted in the bod}' of the note. But his right 
 can be transferred by a proi)er indorsement on the back of the 
 note. The person who writes his nanie on the back of a note is 
 called an indorser. 
 
I! 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 f ' 
 IP 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 I If 
 
 86 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 BILL-BOOK 
 
 WrOTES AJSTD BILLS 
 
 No. 
 
 Hiker. 
 
 Payee. 
 
 Date 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Peter C. Snow, 
 
 f 
 
 Daniel G. Moody, 
 
 April 
 
 15 
 
 60 days. 
 
 2 
 
 Geo. F. Sherburne, 
 
 Moody & Collins, 
 
 June 
 
 5 
 
 10 " 
 
 3 
 
 Cyrus S. Norman, 
 
 Moody & Collins, 
 
 C( 
 
 12 
 
 10 " 
 
 4 
 
 Alden F. Fuller, 
 
 Moody & Collins, 
 
 1, 
 
 28 
 
 20 
 
 NOTES AJSTD BILLS 
 
 No. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Alftjtfir. 
 
 .n^ftc. 
 
 Date. 
 
 ms. 
 
 Moody & Collins, 
 Moody & Collins, 
 
 E. P. Prescott & Co. June 14 
 E. P. Prescott & Co. " 24 
 
 Time. 
 
 10 days. 
 30 " 
 
 178. What is a bill-book ? 
 
 A bill-book is a book in wliieh a record is kept of notes nnd 
 bills receivable and payable, stating when received or issued, when 
 due, when paid or otherwise disposed of. 
 
 179. What should be placed among the bills receivable? 
 Notes and bills received from other parties by the i)roi)rietor. 
 
 180. AVhat should l>e placed amoug the bills i)ayable? 
 Notes and bills issued to other parties by the proi)rietor. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY. 
 
 BILL-BOOK. 
 
 87 
 
 RECIGIVABLE. 
 
 When due. 
 
 Amount 
 
 
 When and how disposed of. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Montb. 
 
 1 
 
 Day. 
 
 [ 
 
 
 1875 June 
 
 1 
 if ' 
 
 600 
 
 
 June 
 
 1(> 
 
 Pa:id. 
 
 1875 
 
 (( 
 
 H 
 
 240 
 
 
 a 
 
 18 
 
 ti 
 
 1875 
 
 it 
 
 U 
 
 617 20 
 
 !■ 
 
 25 
 
 *i 
 
 1875 
 
 July 
 
 i! 
 
 154 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 I>A.YABLE. 
 
 When due. 
 
 iiiiiip n y 
 
 Year. 
 
 1875 
 
 1875 
 
 Montli. BajT' 
 
 June 
 July 
 
 Amount. 
 
 ?>f 1,230 
 
 - 1 
 
 ft 1,300 
 
 When and how disposed of. 
 
 June 
 
 
 Paid. 
 
 181. How should the bill-book be ruled? 
 
 There are various forms. We have adopted the above on 
 account of its simplicity. 
 
 182. What is the meaning of the fractional forms in the day 
 
 columns above ? 
 
 The upper figures denote the time when the note nominally 
 becomes due. The lower ones denote the time of the expiration 
 of the days of grace. 
 
 183. What is meant by the days of grace? 
 
 Three days allowed for payment of a note after the specified 
 
 time has expired. 
 
 The learner will find forms of notes, drafts, checks, &c., together 
 
 with additional explanations in Part II. 
 
[J 
 
 fi 
 
 ill 
 II 
 
 !" 
 
 m 1 
 
 1:11 
 
 it) I 
 
 ,i|| 
 
 m 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 EXAMPLE X. 
 
 June 1, 1875. — Charles Brewer and Henry Sears enter into 
 partnership this day under the firm name of Brewer and Sears, to 
 invest equal amounts, and share alike in the profits and loss. 
 Charles Brewer invests merchandise as follows : — 
 
 <( 
 
 40 bbls St. Louis extra flour 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 .MO 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 it 
 it 
 
 a 
 
 (4 
 
 (( 
 
 medium flour . 
 
 choice extra flour . . . 
 
 Western superfine flour . 
 
 " extra flour . . 
 
 fancy Minnesota flour . 
 
 rye flour 
 
 corn meal 
 
 200 bu8h. wheat 
 
 100 
 
 400 
 
 200 
 
 100 
 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 (( 
 
 barley . . 
 mixed corn 
 yellow corn 
 oats . . . 
 
 rye . 
 tons shorts . 
 " fine feed 
 " middling 
 
 $280.00 
 4.50.00 
 500.00 
 120.00 
 140.00 
 
 :m.oo 
 
 50.00 
 160.00 
 300.00 
 175.00 
 .360.00 
 190.00 
 
 70.00 
 120.00 
 
 ;joo.oo 
 ;^o.oo 
 
 .350.00 
 
 Cash as pev cash-book . . . . 
 T. H. Wood owes him on % 
 W. B. Hazleton owes him on % 
 
 Total investment of Charles Brewer . . 
 
 Henry Sears invests his store valued at . . . 
 Cash as per cash-book ........ 
 
 The firm assumes to pay for him the followinii" 
 To James Miller on % .... 
 
 '* J. G. Wright " 
 
 " Jasper Goodwin on note 
 
 Henry Sears net investinent .... 
 
 $4,225.00 
 2VUM) 
 420. (K) 
 130.00 
 
 . $5,000.(K} 
 . $4,000.00 
 
 $5,600.0(J 
 
 $1(X).00 
 240.00 
 20O.(M> 
 
 600. (K) 
 . . $5,000.00 
 
 Sold Joseph Hicks on %, 10 bbls. rye flour, @ $6.00 ; 40 bbls. 
 St. Louis extra flour, @ $8.00 ; 100 bu. mixed corn, fa) $1.00. 
 Paid ciisli for set hooks and sundries, $31.28. 
 
 June 3. — Sold H. E. Tucker, on hia note at 10 days, 40 bbls. 
 choice extra flour, fa) $11.00; 20 bbls. Western superfine flour, 
 fa) $7.00; 20 l)bls. Western extra flour, (a) $8.00; 100 bu. wheat, 
 (a) $1.80. Paid Jasper Goodwin in full for note of Henry Sears, 
 $260. 
 
 SINGLE ENTRr 
 
 811 
 
 June 4. — Bought of George T. Crawford on %, 100 bbls 
 St. Louis extra flour, (a) $7.00 ; lt)0 bbls. Western superfine flour, 
 (a) $6.00 ; 100 bbls. Western extra flour, (a) $7.00 ; 100 bbls. rye 
 flour, @ $5.00. Paid Henry Sears cash on private account, $30.00. 
 June 5. — Sold T. H. Wood on %, 50 bbls. medium St. Louis 
 flour, @ $10.00; 10 bbls. choice extra flour, @ $11.00; 30 bbls. 
 fancy Minnesota flour, @ $12.00. W. B. Hazleton has paid cash 
 on %, $136.00. 
 
 June 7. — Sold James M. George for cash 100 bu. yellow corn, 
 (S $1-00 ; 100 bu. oats @ 80^ ; 10 bbls. rye flour, @ $6.00. Bought 
 of Cyrus Taylor for cash, 400 bu. oats, @ 70^; 100 bbls. best 
 Minnesota flour, @ $10.75. Paid Henry Sears on private account 
 $14.00. 
 
 ^Tune 8. — Sold J. G. Wright on %, 100 bu. oats, (a) 75^ ; 100 
 bu. mixed corn, @ $1.00 ; 100 bu. barley, @ $2.00. 
 
 June 9. — Sold Warren P. Loud on his note at 10 days, 40 bbls. 
 corn meal, @ $5.00 ; 100 bu. wheat, @ $1.75 ; 4 tons shorts, (§>; 
 $35.00. 
 
 JuneW. — Bought of Wesley, Colby, & Co. on %, 100 bu. 
 white wheat, ^$1.60; 100 bu. barley, @ $1.72; 50 bbls. corn 
 meal, % $4.00. Paid Charles Brewer on private account, $28.00. 
 June 12. — Sold Joseph Hicks on %, 200 bu. mixed corn, (w 
 $1.00 ; 100 bu. yellow corn, $1.05 ; 50 bu. rye, $1.40 ; 2 tons fine 
 feed, (a) $40 ; 5 tons middlings, (a) $40. Paid George T. Crawford 
 cash on %, $500. Received cash on %, of T. H. Wood, $1,000. 
 June 14. — Sold Wm. P. Ladd for cash, 50 bbls. St. Louis ex. 
 flour, @ $8.00 ; 50 bbls. Western superfine, @ $7.00 ; 50 bbls. rye 
 flour, @ $6.00 ; 50 bbls. best Minnesota flour, @ $11.00 ; 50 bbls. 
 corn meal, (a) $4.50. * 
 
 June 16. — Sold J. G. Wright on %, 100 bu. oats, @ 75^; 50 
 bu. barley, @ $2.00 ; 4 tons shorts, @ $30.00 ; 4 tons fine feed, 
 (a $35.00 ; 5 tons middling, @ $40.00. Joseph Hicks has paid 
 cash on %, $500. H. E. Tucker has paid his note of the 3d 
 inst.,»due this day, $920. Paid insurance, $31.00. 
 
 June 19.— Sold James Miller on %, 50 bu. r^^e, @ $1.50; 2 
 tons shorts, (a $30.00 ; 4 tons fine feed, @ $35.00. Sold W- B. 
 Hazleton for cash 100 bii. white wheat, @ $1.75. 
 
 June 21. — Paid Geo. T. Crawford cash on %, $1,000. Paid 
 Wesley, Colby, & Co. cash on %,. S500.0C 
 
fe 
 
 90 
 
 BOOK-KEEP/NG. 
 
 11 i' 
 
 June 22. — Bought of Jones & Greeley on %, 200 bbls. corn 
 meal, @ $4.00 ; 100 bu. rye, (aj $1.10 ; 10 tons shorts, @ $25.00 ; 
 10 tons fine feed, @ $30.00 ; 10 tons middling, la) $35.00. Paid 
 Charles Brewer on private account, $11.50. Warren P. Loud has 
 paid his note of the 9th inst., $515.00. 
 
 June 23. — Sold W. B. Hazleton on %, 50 bbls. St. Louis ex. 
 rtour, fa) $8.00 ; 50 bbls. Western superfine, (o) $7.00 ; 100 bbls. 
 Western extra flour, (a^ $7.25 ; 40 bbls. rye flour, fd) $6.00. 
 
 June 24. — Paid Geo. T. Crawford cash on %, $1,000. J. G. 
 Wright has paid us cash on %, $600.00. 
 
 June 26. — Sold James Miller on his note at 60 days, 50 bbls. 
 best Minnesota flour, @ $11.00; 200 bu. oats, @ 75^*; 50 bu. 
 barley, fa) $2.00. 
 
 June 28.— Bought of Cjtus Taylor on %, 100 bbls. Baltimore 
 flour, @ $9.00 ; 100 bbls. Michigan flour, @ $8.00 ; 100 bbls. 
 Ohio flour, @ $8.25 ; 100 bbls. Canada flour, fa) $8.25 ; 100 bbls. 
 Richmond flour, @ $8.00. 
 
 Jwne 29. — Received cash of Joseph Hicks, $500.00. Paid 
 Jones & Greeley, cash, $1,500.00. 
 
 June 30. — Paid for drayage, $61 .50. Paid for freight, $238.00. 
 Paid for clerk-hire, &c., 116.00. Sold Joseph Hicks on %, 10 
 bbls. Michigan flour, @ $9.00 ; 10. bbls. Richmond flour. On 
 $9.00; 50 bbls. corn meal, @ $5.00. Received cash of W. B. 
 Hazleton to balance %, $1,715.00. 
 
 June 30. — Took account of merchandise on hand. Amount of 
 inventory, $5,600.00. 
 
 11 
 
 ■ ' ■' 
 
 I m 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Balance 
 
 Account. 
 
 ( 
 
 Or. 
 
 1875. 
 
 
 
 
 187.'5. 
 
 
 
 
 June 30 
 
 To M.lse. 
 
 5.600 
 
 00 
 
 J line 30 
 
 Bv Wesley, Colbv.&Co. 
 
 32 
 
 00 
 
 
 " Cash 
 
 3.262 
 
 72 
 
 
 •• floiies & Greeley 
 
 310 
 
 00 
 
 
 *• store 
 
 4,0(M) 
 
 (M) 
 
 
 '* Cyrus Tavlor 
 
 4,1.50 
 
 fH» 
 
 
 '* T. H. Wootl 
 
 3fM> 
 
 (K> 
 
 
 " C. B., net rapitfil 
 
 5,240 
 
 61 
 
 
 " .lames Miller 
 
 175 
 
 (N) 
 
 
 " H. S.. • 
 
 5,23*) 
 
 11 
 
 
 " J G Wriuht 
 
 170 
 
 (M) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " .foseph Hirk^ 
 
 56.^ 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 *' Jag. Millfi-'s note, 
 
 WM* 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14.fr>« 
 
 72 
 
 14.!lf.8 
 
 72 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY, 
 
 91 
 
 
 PROOF-SHEET. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 
 Charles Brewer $5,000.00 
 
 $()()0.00 
 
 Henry Sears 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,600.00 
 
 1,396.00 
 
 T. H. Wood 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,000.00 
 
 136.00 
 
 W. B. Hazelton 
 
 
 
 
 
 136.00 
 
 1,715.00 
 
 W. B. Hazelton 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,715.00 
 
 275.00 
 
 James Miller 
 
 
 
 
 
 100.00 
 
 1,010.00 
 
 J. G. Wright . 
 
 
 
 
 
 840.00 
 
 1,565.00 
 
 Joseph Hicks . 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,000.00 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 Geo. T. Crawford 
 
 
 
 
 2,500.00 
 
 500.00 
 
 Wesley, Colby, & Co. 
 
 
 
 
 532.00 
 
 1,5CK).00 
 
 Jones & Greeley 
 Cyrus Taylor . 
 
 
 
 
 1,810.00 
 4,150.00 
 
 39.50 
 
 Charles Brewer (prival(3 % ). 
 
 44.00 
 
 Henry Sears (private %). 
 
 $11,280.50 Total debit*. 
 
 
 11,280.50 
 
 24,383.00 
 
 
 
 
 24,;^3.00 " credits. 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 $35,663.50 Total debits and credits 
 *35,663.50 " footing of day-book. 
 

 
 1'^ 
 
 i 
 
 I'S % I'lS' 
 
 I |:# 
 
 book-kj:eping. 
 
 NOTES, DRAFTS, ETC. 
 
 A promissory note is a written contract, and is subject to special 
 laws governing contracts of this kind. To constitute a promissory 
 note certain things are requisite. 
 
 1. There must be two parties, —the maker or makers, and the 
 payee or payees. The maker is the i)Mrty wiio promises to i)ay. 
 The payee is the party to whom the amount specified is to be iiaid. 
 
 2. The time of maturity must l)e definite and certain ; the [)ay- 
 ment must not depend upon any uncertain event. 
 
 3. The note must be payable in money, and the amount should 
 be definitely stated. When there is a discrepancy between the 
 figures and the written words, the words govern. 
 
 4. To be negotiable, — that is, transferable by delivery, with all 
 the legal rights enjoyed by the original payee, — it must contain 
 certain words showing that it is payable to bearer, or to the order 
 of the payee. 
 
 5. It must be given for a consideration, valuable in the eyes of 
 the law. Consideration, if not expressed, is always implied. 
 Hence the words ''value received," though usually inserted, are 
 
 not essential. 
 
 A Bill of Exchange or Drajt is an order, to the person to whom 
 it is directed, to pay the amount of money specified to the order of 
 the person named as payee either at sight or at a certain time 
 after sight or date. 
 
 What has been said of the essentials and requisites of a promis- 
 sory note is equally true of bills of exchange and drafts. The 
 original parties to a draft are three, — the drawer, payee, and 
 drawee or acceptor. The drawee is the party on whom the drnft 
 is drawn, —the party who is ordered to pay the sum specified. 
 When presented for payment, the drawee writes '^ Accepted," to- 
 gether with his name and the date, across tlie face of the draft. 
 He is then called the acceptor, and becomes the priri(i[ial debtor. 
 His liability corresponds to that of the maker of a note. The 
 drawer is the party who draws the draft. His liability is similar 
 to that of the indorser of a note. The payee is tlie piirty to whom 
 payment is to Ijc made. 
 
 NOTES, DRAFTS, ETC. 
 
 INDORSEMENT. 
 
 93 
 
 If a note or draft is payable to bearer, it can be transferred 
 without indorsement ; but, if it is made payable to the order of the 
 payee, then the payee must write his name on the back. This 
 is called indorsement in blank. The note or bill then becomes 
 payable to bearer ; but the payee may make it payable to the order 
 of some other party by writing on the back, '' Pay to the order of 
 A. B.," and writing his name underneath. A. B. then becomes 
 the indorsee, and may, in a similar manner, transfer the note or 
 bill to another party, and so on indefinitely. This form is called 
 *' indorsement in full." 
 
 Indorsement renders the indorsee liable for the payment, if the 
 original payer fails to pay at maturity. If the indorser wishes to 
 avoid liability, he may write '' Without recourse " over his name. 
 
 DAYS OF GRACE. 
 
 In most States three days are allowed the maker or acceptor to 
 make payment after the time specified expires. These are called 
 days of grace. 
 
 PRESENTMENT FOR PAYMENT. 
 
 Demand of payment at maturity is not necessary to hold the 
 maker of a note or the acceptor of a draft, because they are the 
 original parties ; but it is necessary that demand should be made 
 of the payer in order to hold the indorsers. 
 
 DISHONOR OF A NOTE OR BILL. 
 
 Refusal to pay when demand has been properly made is termed 
 the dishonor of the note or bill. Notice of the dishonor should be 
 given hnmediately to the indorsers, in order to hold them respon- 
 sible for the payment. 
 
 CHECK. 
 
 A check is an order on a bank or banker to pay the sum specified. 
 A check requires no acceptance, because a banker is bound to pay 
 the check of his depositors, if He has so much of their money in 
 his hands. 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 Some common fonns of notes, drafti, checks, etc., are sub- 
 joined, which will be readily understood without further definition 
 or explanation. 
 
^\ 
 
 r 
 
 ■■ IE Bi 
 
 i'fti 
 
 ii 
 
 94 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 Note — Imlividunl — Time. 
 ^^^<^- S^o^^on, .JL>^.^ ^y /^ /^^/ 
 
 <W4 oi oie/ei, one Auni/iei/ c^/dkid, t^/ue iecetvee/. 
 
 (Back of the Note when paid.) 
 
 \ 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■^ Ns ;^ 
 
 
 
 sS. v^^ 
 
 Si 
 
 X 
 
 I 
 
 
 
 Is 
 
 I! 
 
 Note — Joint — Demand. 
 
 oi aM, one dundej ^men^y-^ve /j'^ Jo//aU, vaii.e 
 iecei^m^/. cj/ ^ c># 
 
 Note — Chattel — Not Negotiable. 
 
 /and ^mo dunoAec/ one/ /piy €/o//€x44 en dem/ocd 
 ^aicd, «/ ^en €^//aU /iH tJ^., c/edk^eiec/ a^ ^Udtc/, 
 
 mmtti 
 
 NOTES, DRAFTS, ETC. 
 
 «7v 
 
 Note — Joint and Several — Interest. 
 
 sf^jjoo- Mj^n, c^ajj.^ ^/y /: /m. 
 
 ^a/ue iecee'iAea^ f^^e gotn/^ ana de^i/eia/Zu Aiomede 
 ^ ^ay ^dn 3ma7zd, oi oic/ei, :ie^y-^di.ee /^ cd^//aid^ 
 6^y aayd c^l aa^e^ liAtYd e^^eied^. 
 
 Note — Collateral — Witnessed. 
 
 c>7ii^^ aayd jdom c/a/e, ^e ^bcn^^ anc/ jeveia//u 
 ^iome'^e ^o ^y de 'WcUif ^a^^ona/ ^o//eae (^ajid 
 ojf tJTew^ t^am^n^ oi ou/ei^ ^en dunc/iec/ c/o//aid, 
 'i^/ue iececvee/y anc/^ ad decuie^ y^ ^e AayTnen^ ^ 
 me dame, i^e dat/e e/i^wdii^ec/ deietM;^ a cei^^ca^e c/ 
 deven^een ddaiej (^ d^cd ^n Me (^od^o7i anc/ t^/acne 
 t^ai/ioaa^ dtancdna en oai name on Me ^dd c/ date/ 
 ct^^iany, ^^^ auMoUYy ^o de// Me dame a^ Au^/e'c oi 
 Mcva^e da/e, Aiom'c/ec/ Med 9^^e^ ij^ <tio^ /iae'c/ a4. ma^^U^u. 
 
 • 1*1 
 
 TA 
 
 I I 
 
 '%o^n. 
 
 » ' • t • », 
 
 I » 
 
 Draft — Time. 
 
 oW dchpify c/ayd ' dcyd/j j/mu fo Me ole/ei ^ %d/i 
 <a9zd Miee deincdec/ f/o//aid, va/e^e Ucefvec/, anc/ 
 
 cdai^ye /o Me acot. ^ %,med tS^n-uMi^ / 
 
96 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING. 
 
 il 
 
 I'' 
 
 ;! 
 
 Draft — Sight — Bearer. 
 
 
 €/o//ei44, va^ iece^t^e^^ ane/ cAt 
 
 €iiae <f^ acc^. c/ 
 
 ^o ^ 1^ ^^Mna 
 
 ^' ^^. f^/edeiv. 
 
 T 
 
 ^h«ck ~ Sight — Rank-. 
 
 tim.M ^oston^...,J^,^Z^^ 188/. I 
 
 Paj^ to the order of. ^^...%^-...^€iMu 
 
 -^?^.-^.^<^ dollars 
 
 ^o. /.4^. 
 
 2S 
 
 loo' 
 
 'M^...!^,.^/a//€i€m. 
 
 Order for Merchandise. 
 
 ^€1A3 
 
 
 Z-^^^- 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
m 
 
 I 
 
 ■iiiiiai 
 
 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
 
 0044257937 
 
 EH 
 
 MAR 2 41994 
 
 /^SH 06^^^ 
 
 >iPfi J. a ibo: 
 
mi 
 
 -» 
 
 .'^. 
 
 
END OF 
 TITLE