^gpm^ HHHHHI HHHIMI ^^^^^ MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 94-82011 11 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States (Title M. United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials including foreign works under certain conditions. In addition, the United States extends protection to foreign works by means of various international conventions, bilateral agreements, and proclamations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries ana archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research." If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. The Columbia University Libraries reserve the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would invoive violation of the copyright law. Author: Marsh, Christopher Columbus Title: A course of practice in single-entry book-keeping Place: New York Date: 1864 94-Bzgn -/I MASTER NEGATIVE « COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DIVISION BfBLiOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET ORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED - EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD irSINHSS "H ?.^.> Marsh, C[hristopherj Columhus, inoG- A course of practice in siugle-entry book-keeping, im- proved by a proof or balance, and applied to partnership business ... By C. C. Marsh ... New York, D. Appleton and company, 1859.1864. 142 p. incl. forms. 24*^™. ^^ U^i^i^m^ni^tf.^fsf^^^ 1. Bookkeeping. ^jig^-"-ww n Library of Congress HF5633.M363 7-5297t ■rnr i jj"''>iff ' j i i i gif«* p »*rT iM i^fS»*»(.»*«**ip«*sie(ii«s?aiB»^ irff RESTRICTIONS ON USE: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE : 3S l^v-*^ REDUCTION RATIO: 2k IMAGE PLACEMENT: I A @ IB IIB DATE HLMED: TRACKING # : ^ bq4 INITIALS: W-^A^ ff' "" ^ ™X.«j^L- O05o3 FILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES, BETHLEHEM, PA. J^ ''4' '^A .^A O a m o o en V"** V 4^ cn 3 3 > DD o m 0) O CTQ -L -^3 — ^ o O 00 X ~D ■ I II i i A ii (J) X < r\j X A^' a^ o a »l^»w!fe r i 3 V fc> & s 3 <^^ tSi \lo k,\r C ^^ ^c? ^o kip cn O pi^i^i^FI!!^!?!? ^ 1^ 11^ 11^ c> 00 b In 1.0 mm 1.5 mm 2.0 mm ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ abcde(ghi|klmnopqrstuvw«yz 1 234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzl234^67890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 "^o fc^ ^fp f^ m O O "o m -o O rn 1 H ^ S o3£:o 30 ^ _JL ^ %— Ca) ID 3D - X TJ ^ 5r o » m 3J 2.5 mm ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 V 1^^ ^p kO n > tc CD :^, m Is 3 r- < O go ^J CO ^-< OO^J o :0 i^ fo- I— » N> ro CJl O (ji 3 3 3 — 0) o- r> > ^a ^i ^2 Ni CO CTiX OOM O #^ 'V '/^ ■^. a: o CI — ♦« t— ' zr ^5 ^-^ c < X 'A-TTfV # - '. '.. ••- * i . ,, s.^,i#r*V,^. *'>/: ^^.: ^^: '%^^ \^ ■«^- ,*'.'«»_«■.«» ''^i5'^*2l&^ ■1:.^- •.-#vf\'^'. >^#^a^i:.ii;:-i. ■V ^ 1 r c f^ffe'.;*. ■it. VS- -.7 • ( , **^#t#r ^^t^c.;: ,-|-^-^. '*i*-' ."r^^^ •^^ "''?^*i^t^A:-.»^ 'h^vS-;: - a ; i i ^5*.^ 1 ^ / /' pniAz\ Columbia ©nibersitp in t fje Citp of ^eto gork > LIBRARY Cfje iHontgomcrp Hitirarp of Accountancy »^^ *l w I A COUllSE OF PEACTICE IN SINGLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING IMFRO^^ED BY A PROOF OR BALANCE, AND APPLIED TO PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS DESIGNED FOR TIIE USE OF SDERCIIAN're, CLERKS, AND SCHOOLS; COMPRISING A SERIES Ot MERCANTILE TRANSACTIONS, ARRANGED TO FORJNI A COMPLETE COURSE OF PRACTICE; ADAPTED TO THE WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUSINESS IN THE UNITED STATES. By C. C. marsh, Accountant, AUTUOB or "the TUEOEY and practice op bank BOOK-KEEPIXa AND JOINT-STOCK ACCOUNTS ^ "the SCIENCE or DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPINO SIMPLIFIED," ETC. NEAV YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 443 AND 445 BPwOADWAY. 1864. V A 5-^ in ^ . < fl V z'y-Uc/^'^-' Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1859, By C. C. MAESH, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Southern District of New York. I 1 PREFACE. There are two kinds of book-keeping — double-entry and single-entry. In the former, things and property are personified and become debtors and cred- itors in the same manner as persons ; while in the latter, accounts are kept only for persons, who alone have accounts in a book called a Leger, and be- come debtors and creditors as they owe us or we owe them. They are both very useful branches of practical knowledge, and deserve attention. Double- entry has received a large share of attention by authors who have written on it, but it appears that single-entry has not ; for among tlie numerous sys- tems that have of late been published, not one is an attempt to improve single-entry. This state of things, however, is not pecuhar to this subject ; we often witness neglect where attention is most needed. I have not attempted to improve the single-entry method of keeping ac- counts by complicating it — by rendering it half double and half single. The method is strictly and purely what ought to be understood as smgle-entry book-keeping. That method of keeping accounts commonly denominated single-entry has always possessed one great fault or defect, viz., inability to prove that the accounts were free from errors. In consequence of this deficiency, innumera- ble errors may pass for ever undiscovered, perhaps to the great pecuniary loss of the person in whose books they exist. My aim in this book has been to banish from the single-entry method that great and other small faults, and to place before the public a criterion for the simpler method of keeping accounts, so that it may be taught to advan- tage in our schools, since it is much practised out of them ; and that it may be practised with better success by those who choose to adopt the method of single-entry in the accounts of their business. The first improvement is the proof or Trial Balance : the absence of a proof has been the well-known objection to single-entry. It can not now be urged, for it is cancelled in this volume. Accounts can be kept by single- entry and proved or balanced monthly, quarterly, or yearly, with the same precision as in double-entry. The plan proposed in this system enables us to prove that every sum in the Ledger is posted correctly ; that every col- umn of figures, long or short, is added correctly, and that every balance is correctly struck or obtained. This proof is as conclusive as the proof in W %. PREFACE. the science of double-entry book-keeping — tlie difference being, tliat in donbloentry tlie Leger contains more accounts, viz., accounts for all our property, as well as of the i)ersons whom we owe or who owe us. In the second place, I have introduced the common account-books so ne- cessary in every business, given to them definite forms and rules, and filled thera with mercantile transactions — not transactions unconnected and in)- probable, but regularly-connected incidents, such as would be produced by the natural routine of business. Let it not be imagined that simply buying and selling merchandise are all the transactions that occur in business, be- cause they are far short of it. A i^ierchant buys, sells, receives payment, pays, borrows, lends, exchanges, draws, accepts, and performs many other transactions, most of which would be materially changed by a slight varia- tion in the conditions. It must, therefore, be apparent, since book-keeping is the disposition of business transactions in certain account-books, that there is no effectual method of teacliing book-keeping but that of conducting the pupil through a variety of business transactions ; by his making the entries of each as it occurs, and becoming familiar with the account-books from fre- quently using them. The importance of a comprehensive variety of business is not equalled by anything in making up a course of practice for the student to pass through ; it is as impossible to learn book-keeping without a sufficient variety of trans- actions, as it is to learn to swim without a sufficient quantity of water. If no business transactions are i)resented, no ideas of book-keeping can be com- municated. Even with its deficiencies, single-entry book-keeping is more used than double-entry ; and the utility of a good and an improved system of the for- mer is too apparent to be for a moment doubted. It is wanted by thousands who have not time to acquire the double-entry system — by thousands who imagine that their business does not require the double-entry system — by thousands who arc too young to learn the double-entry system, and who re- quire a course preparatory to studying double-entry book-keeping. The plan or order of the contents is simple, and can not but meet with the approval of all wlio may have occasion to use the book in schools or for self-instruction. The first part of the volume, about fifty pages, supplies the business for the pupil. The transactions that make up the three months, are more than a hundred in number, and being varied and business-like, are calculated fully to develop the practice of the art, and to give a serviceable knowledge of trade and commercial intercourse. Accompanying each of these transactions is an explanation, informing the student to what account books he will turn, and what entries the transaction requires. Tlie second part of the volume contains the account books in which the l)usiness embraced In the first part is properly entered or disposed of. This arrangement makes 1 t PREFACE. b one part of the book the art, and the other part the instruction ; a much better plan, I think, than that of amalgamating the two : the latter robs the account books of that appearance so peculiar to accounts, which it is important they should possess, and renders them a kind of nondescript. In the Leger, it will be observed that I have not used the prepositions To and By, but have substituted that of For. My reason for so doing is to make the sentences better correspond with the meaning. In double-entry the To and By are correct, because things become debtors and creditors the same as persons ; but in single-entry the meaning is different, and we write— John Sims Br. For Merchandise $40 00 by which we mean that he is debtor to us for merchandise ; but in double- entry we write — John Sims is Dr. to us for $40 00 We are Dr. To Merchandise $40 00 and we mean, not only that Sims is debtor, but also that Merchandise is creditor ; that is, Sims is debtor to us, and we are debtor to Merchandise the words in italics being understood in double-entry. It is presumed that the forms, calculations, questions, and answers, will serve well the purpose for which they are designed. Single-entry book-keeping, which has heretofore existed but as a name of something imperfect, is now presented to the public in a complete and tangi- ble form, improved by the invention of a method of proving or balancing the accounts, and by being subjected to definite forms, books, and rules ; calculated, it is believed, to answer the wants of the public on this subject, and to fill a vacancy of long duration in the list of necessary school books. i r>IRECTIONS TO TEACHERS. Supply the pupil with a set of blank-books and a copy of this work. Complete sets of blank-books for practice (six to the set), arranged by the author, may be obtained of the publisher. The pupil will, thus prepared, proceed with the business of May, making entries in all the books, except the Leger, according to the instruction which follows each transaction. The entries in the Leger will be commenced at the end of each month. In the Dav-Book, Invoice Book, and Sales Book, let the entries be well separated from each other by leaving two or three lines space between them. Let the pupil make all the calculations in the Invoice and Sales Books, draw or write tne notes, and calculate the time at which they become due, for the Bill-Book. 6 PREFACE. It may be that I attach undue importance to the branch to which I have devoted so many years of my life ; but I think it is generally admitted that book-keeping receives too little attention in schools, and I can not pass this opportunity without urging on you the propriety of a renewed effort to raise it to a level, at least, with the other branches usually taught in schools. Pupils are kept for years studying grammar, arithmetic, writing, geography, &c., while book-keeping is often slighted over with a few weeks' instruction, which, devoted to any other branch, would produce nothing. Uow can we expect a scholar to learn book-keeping in three months, when it takes him three years to learn arithmetic, or geography, or grammar ! You are doubtless aware that a few pages of bills of goods bought and sold, which can be written and re-writteu in a week's time, can hardly afford material enough to interest the pupil, or make an impression on his mind, much less to familiarize him in any degree with the account books in common use, or the commonest daily occurrences in business. Hence the undeniable utility and necessity for a large number of business transactions arranged expressly to form a long* course of practice, even though many of them be repetitions ; for without the business there would be little to work with, to study, or to practise on. It is not enough that a pupil should understand ; he should also be able to perform, to execute — and this ability he cau ac- quire only by practice, which means repetition. The course of instruction presented you in these pages will furnish the pupil in school with about three month's work in matters relating to ac- counts and business ; and I doubt not that, under your guidance and in- struction, the result will be, as it should be, a neat and well-written set op BOOKS, which will be creditable to himself and gratifying to his parents and friends. Among the reasons why book-keeping should form a prominent course of study, and why the pupil should pass through it before leaving school, is that, aside from the ideas he is certain to gain of accounts, it will review him in several of his previous studies. It will put into practice his arith- metic, his writing, and his orthography ; it will accustom him to a just ar- rangement of figures and sentences ; and as the various operations admit of proof or balance, it will teach him the importance of being careful in order to be correct. This book is designed to furnish a first course in book-keeping, and the one on double-entry the second course. Both books are respectfully sub- mitted, hoping you will find them, what they were intended to be, convenient text-books. C. C. MARSH, Counting Rooms for Practice and Instruction IN Book-keeping and Business Affairs, New York, March, 1859. Broadwaij, New York. CONTENTS. [Part of the book is paged at the foot.] Preface ^^^^ ^ Directions to Teachers ^ Introduction ^ Names of Account-Books, and their uses 10 Rules for the Account-Books H Opening Books — Partnership 12 Business of May — Embracing Thirty-five Transactions relating to — Opening of a Set of Partnership Books — Capital Advanced— Purchases for Cash- on Credit— at Time, and on Notes — Delivering and Receiving Notes for former Purcliases— Lending Money — Settling Accounts — Paying Expenses, &c 12 Posting, explanation of 1^ Trial Balance, explanation of 18 Trial Balance of May 31, in Form 19 Balancing Cash-Book 20 Business of June — Embracing about Fifty Transactions relating to — Purchases and Sales — Collections in Notes and Money— Delivering our Notes with Interest — Receiving Notes with Interest — Passing the Notes of Others— Accepting Drafts — Discounting Notes — Discounting our own Notes — Settling Account against a Partner — Notes Due and Paid — Sight Drafts passed to Account, &c 21 Trial Balance of June 30, in Form 27, 28 Business of July — Embracing about Twenty-five Transactions relating to — Collections in Notes and Money — Paying our Acceptances — Receiving Drafts at Sight and Time— Receiving Notes with Interest for Balances of Accounts — Selling and Drawing Drafts — Commission Business- Making Shipments on our Account — Lending Money on Notes — Settlement with our Clerk— Rendering Account-Sales — Accept- ing Drafts at Time — Rendering Accounts-Current, &c 29 Trial Balance of July 31, in Form 34 Balance Sheet, in Form 3T Balance Sheet, explanation of 38 Calculation of Profits of Business 36-38 Calculation of Profits on Sales 106 Division of Net Capital 37, 38 Closing Accounts 38 Opening Accounts 39 Remarks 39 I I 8 CONTEXTS. 100 Questions to Review the Student — page. On tlic Casli-Book 40 On the Invoice-Book 40 On the Sales-Book 40 On the Bill-Book 41 On the Shipment-Book 41 On the Day-Book 41 On the Leger 41 On Business Transactions 42 On the Trial Balance 42 On the Balance Sheet 42 100 Answers to the Questions Reviewing the Student. .43-46 Dav-Book — begins at 49 Note on the Day-Book 48 Leger — begins at 67 Note on the Leger 67 Oash-Book — begins at 95 Note on the Cash-Book 95 Shipment-Book 100 Invoice-Book — begins at 101 Note on the Invoice-Book 101 Sales-Book — begins at 107 Note on the Sales-Book 107 Bill-Book 117 Note on the Bill-Book 117 Mercantile Forms — Account-Cnrrent — simple 122 Account-Current — with Interest 124 Account-Current — Averaged 120 Account-Sales 128 Bill of Purchase 129 Bill of Charges T 129 Bill Receipted 129 Orders 130 Notes, promissory 130 Drafts 131 Acceptances 95, 131 Receipts 131 Letters 132 Mercantile Calculations — Discount and Interest 134 Divisor " 6," explanation of 135 Interest at any Rate, how found 135 Commission 137 Insurance 1 38 Equation of Payments 139 i A COURSE OF PRACTICE IN SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING IMPROVED. INTRODUCTION. The art of Single-Entry Book-Keeping, in its present improved form, teaches to record, systematically and free from error, the various transac- tions of business or the mercantile profession ; so that the merchant may know his pecuniary situation, possess abilities to substantiate his claims and protect his propertv, and, at dissolution, may leave behind him evidence that will enable his friends to understand his commercial relations and engage- ments, and to wind up his business in a satisfactory manner. To exhibit with ea^e and uniformity a correct and continued view of the commercial transactions that take place between ourselves and those with whom we are concerned, we deem it necessary to introduce the following books : — 1. Cash-Book, 2. Invoice-Book, 3. Sales-Book, 4. Bill-Book, 5. Day-Book, 6. Leger, 7. Shipment-Book. jf Of these books, the Day-Book, Leger, Cash-Book, and Sales-Book, ap- pear indispensable in every business ; while the others may or may not be required : thus, for instance, if there are no promissory notes given or re- ceived, there would be no use for a Bill-Book ; if there were no shipments made for ourselves, then a Shipment-Book would be useless ; and if the bills of purchases were filed away in extra good order (that is, folded, endorsed, numbered, and tied up in monthly or ({uarterly packages), an Invoice-Book might be dispensed with. Cash-Book.— This book contains every sum of cash received or paid. The entries should be made in it, at or as near the time of receiving or pay- inn- as possible. The debtor and creditor pages of this book should be added an'd subtracted, in a brisk business, at the close of every day, and the differ- ence between the debtor and creditor columns should be the sum of cash on hand. 10 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. P Invoice-Book. — Tliis book contains a minute description of all the mer- chandise with which we are concerned. Copies are made in this book from the bills of goods purchased, or received into our possession to be sold for other persons. The amounts of each page are added and carried forward to the next page ; consequently, the whole cost of the merchandise is at the end of the Invoice-Book. The letter **E." in the margin of this book, indicates that the purchases have been entered — that is, carried to the Day-Book. In copying in this book the invoices of goods on commission, we do not extend the amounts into the outer column for dollars and cents. Sales-Book. — This book contains a description of all the merchandise we sell or pass out of our possession. As the purchaser selects his goods, they are entered in the Sales-Book, from which entrv his bill is made out. The amounts of each page are added and carried forward to the next page ; therefore, the total sales of our merchandise will be found at the end of the Sales-Book. The letter " E." in the margin signifies Entered — that is, carried to the Day-Book. . In entering the sales of goods on commission, we do not extend the amount into the column for dollars and cents. Bill-Book. — This book contains a description of all the notes, drafts, and other species of paper-claim against us or in our favor. Those notes, &c., in our favor are shown under the head of Receivable, and those against us, under the head of Payahk. The notes are put in a secure place, and all information relating to them is obtained by a reference to the Bill-Book. Day-Book. — This book should contain statements of all the transactions in our biisiness which give rise to persons owing us, or to our owing them. All transactions in which there are debtors or creditors are to be stated in the Day Book. Long details of goods bought or sold are not to be made in the Day- Book ; the Sales and Invoice Books are designed to show the particulars in regard to the quantity, quality, and price, of merchandise bought or sold. Leger. — This book contains the accounts of the persons who owe us or whom we owe. Its contents are made up from the Day-Book. The Leger enables us to see, at one view, all that a person owes us, and all that we owe him ; and the difference, or balance, is the sum to be paid. Shipment-Book. — This book shows the more important matters relating to all shipments which are made to be sold for ourselves. It Ls ruled in columns with these headings ; Number, Date, Consigned to, Cost, Sales. SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 11 « i THE RULES. < CASH-BOOK. Rule 1. When we receive money, enter it on the debtor side of the Cash-Book, stating of whom and for what it was received. Rule 2. When we pay away money, enter it on the creditor side of the Cash-Book, stating to whom and for what it was paid. INVOICE-BOOK. Rule 3. Describe in the Invoice-Book all the merchandise which we buy or receive, but do not extend into the dollars' column the amounts of goods received on commission. SALES-BOOK. Rule 4. Describe in the Sales-Book all merchandise which we sell or de- liver, but do not extend into the dollars' column the amounts of goods sold on commission. rSmall retail sales make an exception to this rule, and also to rule 1st ; the amount of these sales is found in the money-drawer at evening, and is entered only m the Oash- Book.] DAY-BOOK. Rule 5. Every person who owes us is a debtor, and every person whom we owe is a creditor ; and they must be debited or credited in the Day-Book, and the cause or transaction stated that makes the person our debtor or creditor. LEGER. Rule 6 Every person who is called a debtor or creditor in the Day-Book must have an account in the Leger, and there be debited or credited for the amounts for which he stands debtor or creditor in the Day-Book. BILL-BOOK. Rule T. Describe in the Bill-Book all paper-claims, notes, drafts, &c., in our favor or against us, authorized by our signatures : those in our favor, under the head of Receivable, and those against us, under the head of Payable. SHIPMENT-BOOK. Rule 8. Describe in the Shipment-Book all shipments made to be sold for our account. y fe 12 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPIXG. TPIE BUSINESS OF MAY. Consistinpf of about thirty-sovcn Business Transactions— showinj^ the Oponinp: of a Set of Partnerslup Books— Capital advaneed— Purchases for Cash — On Credit— at Time, and on Notes— Deliverinjz; and lleeeiving Notes for former Purchases— Lend- ing ]\Ioney— Settlinnr Accounts— Paying Expenses, &c., «tc. Posting— Trial Balance, and Balancing Cash-Book. The student's attention is now called to the nature of business transac- tions, a great variety of which will l)e presented to him on the following pages ; what debtors or creditors they gave rise to, what entries they require, and in what books those entries should be made. The student will suppose that he and liis partner do the following busi- ness, and he will insert his name in place of that of C. C. ^farsh, and thus become one of the partners. His manner of proceeding will be, tirst to read the transaction that is su})posed to occur, and then to turn to his account-books and make the entries that may be required, according to the instruction that succ(!eds the transaction. Transaction 1 — May 4. We, Jonathan Smith and C. C. Marsh, commence business with a capi- tal in cash of $15,000. Instruction, — Make entries in the Cash-Book of the cash advanced by the partners, and an entry in the Day-Book to give them credit for this amount, for which they, individually, arc creditors of the Firm. Transaction 2 — May 4. We buy merchandise for cash of John Stevens. Instruction. — iNIake an entry in the Invoice-Book, copied from the bill we receive of JMr. Stevens ; and an entry in the Cash-Book of the amount of cash paid. Look in the Invoice and Sales Books for a description of the goods bought or sold. Transaction 3 — May 5. We buy merchandise of Pettis & lloome, on account. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Invoice-Book — a copy from the bill we receive ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to credit Messrs. Pettis & lloome, because we owe them for the merchandise. The ex- pression on account generally means to he entered in the account between the parties. Transaction 4 — May 6. We buy merchandise for cash at auction. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Invoice-Book of a copy from the bill we receive ; and make an entry in the Casli-Book of the sum j^aid. SIXGLE-ENTBY ]',00K-KEEPING. 13 Transaction o — May 6. We pay bill for drayage at several times, and a bill for store-fixtures, now handed in. Instruction.— These transactions require entries only in the Cash-Book. Transaction G— May 7. We l)uy merchandise of Ilogan & Miller, on account. Instruction — :Make an entry of the goods in the Invoice-Book ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to credit II. & M. for the sum we owe them. Transaction 7— May 8. We buy merchandise of ITallet & Brown, at six months' credit, but have not as yet given them our note for the amount. lNSTRUCTioN.-]\rake an entry of the goods in the Invoice-Book ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to credit Messrs. Hallct & Brown for the sum we owe them. Transaction 8— May 10. We buy merchandise of Parker, Howard, k Co., on our note at ninety days. • .1 -oMi Instruction.— Make an entry in the Invoice-Book ; and one in the Bill- Book describing the note which we have issued against us. This transac- tion requires no entry in the Day-Book, because we do not owe the persons —the note being a payment. Transaction 9 — May 11. We lend cash to John Stevens. Instruction —Make an entry in the Cash-Book, and one in the Day- Book to debit or charge Mr. Stevens for the sum he owes us. Transaction 10 — May 13. We have, during to-day, retaUed merchandise to several persons, for cash in small sums. Instruction.— These sums were put into the drawer at the times they were received, and at evening we count the money (deducting what was put in for chan-e) and find the total retail sales of the day amount to $28 G4 ; make an entry in the Cash-Book only. A piece of paper, with tlie sum on it, was put into the drawer with the money in the mormng. Transaction 11 — May 14. AYe have delivered our note to Hallet & Brown, drawn for the amount of merchandise bought of them on a former date. iNSTRucTioN.-Make an entry in the Day-Book to debit or charge Messrs H & B. for the sum we have paid them ; the note is a payment for the'time it is drawn. Make an entry in the Bill-Book descnbmg the Note we have issued against us. [I < 14 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. Transaction 12 — May 15. We pay to Pettis & Roonie cash on account. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book, and one in the Day- Book to debit Messrs. P. & R. for the amount we have paid them. Transaction 13 — May 16. Charles Simmons has handed in his bill for Painting, &c., in our store ; the amount of which he agrees to receive in merchandise as he may want it. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Day-Book to credit Mr. C. S. for the amount of his bill, for which we owe him. Transaction 14 — May 1G. We buy merchandise of Barclay & Livingston, and pay them in note at four months for $200, in cash $100, and let the balance remain on account —$120.22. Instruction. — Make an entry of the merchandise in the Invoice-Book ; an entry, describing the note, in the Bill-Book ; an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum paid ; and an entry in the Day-Book to credit Messrs. B. & L. for the balance unpaid. Transaction 15 — May IT. We settle our account with Pettis & Roome, by delivering to them our note at sixty days for $200, and cash for $15.60. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Day-Book to debit or charge Messrs. P. & R. for the sum we have paid them ; make an entry in the Bill-Book of the note we have issued, and one in the Cash-Book of the money paid out. Transaction 16 — May 18. We wrote to Jonathan Jones, Boston, requesting him to forward to us 20 barrels of mackerel ; these mackerel are now received, and his letter in- forms us that the amount is $116.60 ; we pay for freight and drayage on the same, $4.87. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Invoice-Book of the mackerel ; and in the Cash-Book of sums paid ; and in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Jones for the amount we owe him. * , Transaction 17 — May 18. We sell merchandise to Charles Simmons on account. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Sales-Book of the articles sold ; and one in the Day-Book to show that Mr. Simmons owes us for the goods sold to him. Transaction 18 — May 19. We sell merchandise to William Lawrence on account. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book and Dav-Book. SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 15 Transaction 19 — May 21. We have to-day made retail cash sales of merchandise amounting to $i4.62. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book only. Transaction 20 — May 21. You have occasion for some money for the payment of your personal ex- penses, and you take $25. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book ; and one in the Day- Book, to charge or debit yourself for the sum you have drawn from the business. [This account of yours will afford important information, viz. : it will show what was your capital, what have been your personal or house expenses, and how nuich capital you have kept in the business.] Transaction 21 — May 22. William Lawrence gives us his note at thirty days for $100, and cash for balance of his account. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the note we hold against Mr. Lawrence ; and make an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum received in cash ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Lawrence for the amount he has paid us — being $142.08. Transaction 22— May 22. We sell merchandise to W. B. Brown, on account. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book and Day-Book. Transaction 23 — May 23. We have during to-day retailed merchandise for cash, amounting to $38.94. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book only. Transaction 24— May 23. We have sold merchandise to the following persons on account, viz. : Charles Simmons, P. S. Thompson, Henry Small, and W. S. Christman. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book ; and make entries in the Day-Book to debit or charge each person for the sum he owes us. Transaction 25 — May 25. We have received of John Stevens the sum lent him the other day — $50 ; and also, we have borrowed of him $150. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book of the money received ; and make an entry in the Day-Book, to credit Mr. Stevens for the $200. Transaction 26 — May 25. We have retailed merchandise during to-day, for cash, amounting to IG !) SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. $17.02; and wc luivc sold nuTcliandisc to tlie followinir, on acconnt : to I. Fan-ington, to P. S. Tlionipson, to 11. Small, and to James llicliings. Tnstructiox. — ;Makc an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum received ; make entries in the Sales-Book of the goods sold on acconnt ; and make entries in the Day-Book to debit or charge the persons who owe us. Transaction 27 — May 26. We buy merchandise of C. Huntington, on account, at 60 days. Instruction. — Make entries in the Invoice-Book and in the Day-Book. Transaction 28 — May 26. We buy merchandise of J. Stevens on account. Instruction. — Make entries in the Invoice-Book and in tlie Day-Book. Transaction 29 — May 27. We pay cash for drayage on whiskey and tobacco. Instruction. — Make entries in the Cash-Book. Transaction 30 — May 27. You have employed Joseph Johnson to do some building for you at your dwelling.house ; and at Ids request you deliver to him, on account of the work, a quantity of goods and some money from the store. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Sales-Book the same as though the goods were sold to him ; and make an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum paid to him ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to debit or charge him for all he owes us in this transaction. Transaction 31 — May 28. We have had 1,000 cards printed, for which we paid cash ; and during the day we have retailed merchandise for cash — $7.50. Instruction. — Make entries in the Cash-Book on the Dr. and Cr. sides. Transaction 32— May 20. We have given our note, at three months, to John Stevens, for amount of the whiskey wc bought of him on the 2()th inst. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the note we have issued ; and one in the Day-Book to debit Mr. Stevens for the note, which is a pay- ment. Transaction 33— ]May 29. We sell merchandise, on account, to I. Farrington and to W. B. Brown. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book and in the Day-Book. Transaction 34 — May 30. We send our clerk out to collect, and he returns to us the following notes and cash: W. B. Brown's note, at three months, for $153.97; Peter S. 1 1 \ SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING n Thompson's note, at two months, for $44.00 ; cash, received of Henry Small, $31.72 ; and cash, received of W. S. Christman, $50. Instruction.— Make entries in the Bill-Book of the notes ; in the Cash- Book of the sums received ; and in the Day-Book, to credit the persons for the cash and notes we have received of them, and for which we owe them in account. Transaction 35— May 30. We return to John Stevens the money we borrow^ed of him. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Cash-Book; and one in the Day- Book to charge or debit Mr. Stevens for the sum we have paid him. Transaction 36— May 31. John Sims, our chief clerk, draws on account of his salary. Cash, $25. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Cash-Book ; and one in the Day- Book to charge John for the sum paid him. Transaction 37— May 31. We have retailed merchandise during to-day, for cash, amounting to $34.40 ; and sold to J. Richings, W. S. Christman, I. Farrington, and W. Lawrence, on account. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum received ; in the Sales-Book of the goods sold ; and in the Day-Book, to debit the per- sons who owe us. / POSTINa. Instruction. — As yet we have done nothing with the Leger ; it is not convenient to post or make entries in the Leger every day, and it is not proper to defer posting longer than a month. The object of the Leger is to show all concerning one person at one place ; the sums which Mr. Stevens owes us, and which we owe him, are scattered from one end of the Day-Book to the other ; but in the Leger all those sums are drawn on to one page, and, by subtracting one side of the account from the other, we obtain the balance which is due to him or us. We will now commence posting. The first accounts to be opened in the Leger are our own accounts. In the first entry in the Day-Book we are creditors for our net capital Open the Day-Book at the first page, and you will find the following entry : — C. C. Marsh ^ Cr. For Cash received of him as capital $5,000. To post the above entry, you will open your account on the first page in the Leger, bv writing the name in the centre between the terms Dr. and Cr. ; and, as*^you are a creditor, make the entry on the creditor side of the account— writing in the first column the year and month, in the second col- 2 1 li I ! 18 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KKKIM NG. umn the date, in the third space the cause why you are creditor, or what you are creditor for, in the fourth column the page of the Day-Book that the sum comes from, and in the fifth cohnnn the sum for which you arc creditor. Now place the page of the account in the Leger against the name in the Day-Book, to signify that it is posted. The Leger must have an Index, in which the names of the accounts should be entered as soon as opened in the Leger. This explanation of posting is applicable to all otiier Day-Book entries, with this diflference : when the person is debtor, the entry must be made on the debtor side of his account. Proceed, and post all the entries of May. THE TKIAL BALANCE. Instruction. — We have now posted the business of May ; the next thing to which your attention is directed is the Proof or Trial Balance. There can be nothing of more importance, in keeping accounts, than cor- rectness ; and as all persons are more or less liable to make errors in opera- ting in figures, the process called the Proof, by which errors are detected, is indispensible. Since there is a way to jn-ove that the accounts in the Leger are correctly posted and added, and the balances correctly struck or obtained, we should not recognise our accounts as correct unless they are proved to be so. This Proof or Trial Balance is a very simple and effective method of prov- ing the postings, the additions, and the subtractions in the Leger : it is founded on the principle of comparing the amounts in the Day-Book with the amounts in the Leger. As the sums in the Leger are, or ought to be, the same as the sums in the Day-Book, so the difference between the sums in the Day-Book will be the same as the difference between the sums in the Leger. If this correspondence does not follow, then there are errors in the work. The following is the Trial Balance of May 31, 1859. Dr. SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-XEEPING. 19 DAY-BOOK BALANCES OF MAY 31, 1859. Cr. 1 1 i Folio $ 396 599 215 324 268 144 14,799 36 92 56 69 50 97 22 22 1 2 3 4 5 Folio $15,621 312 342 193 280 1 38 22 08 25 29 22 1 ■•■ 2 3 4 u <( ,, 11 '■ Transaction 43 — June 4. We buy a bill of flour of Parker, Howard, & Co., on account. Instructiox.— Make an entry in the Invoice-Book ; and one in the Day- Book, to credit Messrs. Parker, Howard, & Co., for the sum we owe them. Transaction 44 — June 5. We have made cash retail sales to-day amounting to $56.80. iNSTRucTioN.—Make an entry in the Cash-Book. Transaction 45 — June 5. We send out clerk to collect, and ho returns with the followinn- • I Far- rmgton's note at three months for $109.10; J. Kiching^s note at three months for $103.09 ; cash received of W. S. Christman, $51.44 ; cash re- ceived of W. Lawrence, $48.20 ; and cash received of W. B. Brown, $50. Instruction. — Make entries in the Bill-Book of the notes ; in the Cash- Book of the three sums received in cash ; and in the Day-Book, to credit each person who has paid us, or of whom we have made a collection. You may now improve on your previous style of Day-Book entries • in- stead of crediting each of the persons in this transaction in separate entries you may make one entry to include them all. This plan you will adopt hereafter, whenever the circumstances will admit. Transaction 46 — June 6. We have sold merchandise during the day to the following persons on ao count : to R. Jessup, to P. S. Thompson, to II. Small, to J. Johnson and to John Stevens. ' Instruction.— Make entries in the Sales-Book, and in the Day-Book. These persons may all be debited or charged in one Day-Book entry. Transaction 47 — June 7. *We have paid cash to the following persons on account; to Hogan & Miller, $59.42 ; to C. Simmons, $6.13 ; also, we have given our note'' to C Huntington for balance of account — $80.48. Instruction.— Make entries in the Cash-Book of the sums paid ; enter the note in the Bill-Book ; and make an entry in the Day-Book, to debit the persons to whom we have made payments, either in cash or by note. Transaction 48 — June 9. The balance of Parker, Howard, & Co.'s account in their favor is $222.50 • for which we deliver to them the following notes : I. Farrington's note for $109.16; P. S. Thompson's note for $44.60; and cash for the balance $68. t4. Instruction.— Make entries in the Bill-Book, in the column headed paid, to show that the notes have been passed to Messrs. Parker, Howard, & Co. • make an entry of the cash paid in the Cash-Book ; and an entrv in the Day- Book, to debit P., H., & Co., for the sum we have paid them. ' * SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. [In passing off notes which we hold against others, it is necessary to write our names on the back, particularly when the notes are drawn to our order. We then become responsible as endorsers, in case the drawer or proper per- son does not pay, unless we write " without recourse" above our signature.] Transaction 49 — June 10. We pay cash as follows : our drayman's bill, $3.12 ; to John Sims, our clerk, $15.50 ; and draw for our personal expenses, $40. Instruction. — Make entries in the Cash-Book of the sums paid ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to debit the last two for the sums drawn. Transaction 50 — June 11. We have made cash retail sales amounting to $29.64 : we have bought merchandise of Alfred Graham on account ; and sold merchandise to him on account. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum received ; in the Invoice-Book of the merchandise bought ; in the Sales-Book of the goods sold on account ; and in the Day-Book two entries, one to debit Mr. Graham for the goods he has bought of us, and one to credit him for the goods we have bought of him. Transaction 51 — June 12. We sell merchandise on account to W. B. Brown, Peter S. Thompson, Henry Small, J. Johnson, and Wm. Lawrence ; and we pay cash to J. John- son, $15. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book ; in the Cash-Book ; and in the Day-Book, to debit each of the persons for the sum he owes us. Transaction 52 — June 13. We buy merchandise of Pettis & Roome, and of Hogan & Miller ; and we give our note to P. & R. for half their bill, $198.13, and to H. & M. cash for half their bill, $99. Instruction. — Make entries in the Invoice-Book, in the Bill-Book, in the Cash-Book, and in the Day-Book. As w^e have paid each one half, we will credit them in the Day-Book only for the sums unpaid ; or, it would be as well to credit each for the full amount, and charge them for the part paid, which would require two entries. Transaction 53 — June 14. We sell merchandise to the following persons on account ; to Alfred Grar ham, W. B. Brown, I. Farrington, J. Richings, R. Jessup, and W. S. Christ- man. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book, and in the Day-Book, Transaction 54 — June 15. We receive of P. S. Thompson cash, $16.20, and his note at 60 days for $97.68. I I>1 I I' i >"** 4 ji 24 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Casli-Book, one in the Bill-Book, and one in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Thompson for the suras received. Transaction 55 — June 15. We receive of Henry Small his note at sixty days, for $82.19, with in- terest added — interest 82 cents. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the note, which is drawn for $83.01 ; and make an entry in the Day-Book, to credit Mr. Small foi the sum he has paid us, which is $82.19 — this being the balance of his ac- count. Transaction 56 — June 16. We send our clerk to collect, and he returns the folio winp^ : cash received of W. B. Brown, $43.50 ; cash received of II. Jessup, $54.72 ; and R. Jessup's note at four months for $110.40. Instruction. — Make entries of the cash in the Cash-Book ; of the note in the Bill-Book : and give the persons credit in the Day-Book for the sums they have paid us. Transaction 57 — June 16. We receive of I. Farrington his note at three months, with interest added —principal $120.10, interest $1.86. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the note, which is for $121.96 ; and one in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Farrington, but credit him only for $120.10, this l)eing the balance of his account. Transaction 58 — June 17. We buy merchandise of Barclay & Livingston, and also of Hallet & Brown, on account. Instruction. — Make entries in the Invoice-Book and in the Day-Book. Transaction 59 — June 17. We pay cash as follows : W. Baker's l)ill for drayage, $7.50 ; to Jo. f I 4 * il 28 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. Dr. day-book BALANCES OF JUNE 30, 1859. Cr. 6 1 8 9 10 11 12 Folio n u (( << <( <( Balance of the Day-Book $ 141 480 536 603 440 818 1,381 14,214 18,617 New 82 48 74 05 00 95 95 07 06 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Balance of May 31 Folio OR K, June 30, 1859. $14,799 293 584 546 411 1,205 175 601 22 75 39 00 01 29 80 60 18,617 06 Dr. LEGER BALANCES OF JUNE 30, 1859. Cr. 1 3 4 4 5 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 W. S. Christmau I. Farrington . . . Hallet & Brown Jas. Ricliings . . C. Huntington . . John Sims J. Jones W. A. Moale . . . W. Lawrence . . R. Jessup W. B. Brown . . H. Small P. S. Thompson B A L A N c E of Legei 8 60 55 26 83 50 200 499 125 98 92 134 139 14.214 15,795 09 80 67 23 40 50 00 87 50 56 15 58 97 07 39 1 1 2 7 5 7 11 C. C. Marsh .... Jonathan Smith Pettis & Roorae Hogan & Miller J. Stevens Barclay & Livingston . Alfred Graham . . . : $4,726 10,000 198 99 255 325 192 02 00 13 00 24 00 00 39 15.795 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 2£ The Trial Balance being finished, you will balance the Cash-Book and proceed with tlie business of July. THE BUSINESS OF JULY. The Business of this month consists of about Twenty-five different Transactions — com- prising Collections in Notes and Money— Paying our Acceptances— Receiving Drafts at Sight and Time— Receiving Notes with Interest for balance of Accounts— Selling and Drawing Drafts— Commission Business— Making Shipments on our Account- Lending Money on Notes-Settlement with our Clerk— Rendering Account Sales- Accepting Drafts at Time— Rendering Accounts Current, &c.— Trial Balance— Bal- ance Sheet— Present Capital— Net Gain— Division of Gain, &c. Transaction 73 — July 2. We send our clerk out to make collections, and he returns with the fol- lowing : — H. Small's note at 60 days, for $130 00 P. S. Thompson's note at 60 days, for 100 00 Cash received of H. Small 4 58 Cash received of P. S. Thompson 39 97 Instruction. — Make entries in the Bill-Book, in the Cash-Book, and make entries in the Day-Book to credit the persons for paying us. Transaction 74 — July 2. The draft of W. A Moale, which became our acceptance on the 19th of June, is due, and we have paid it. Instruction. — Make an entry in the paid column of the Bill-Book, an . one in the Cash-Book of the sum paid. Transaction 75 — July 4^ On the 2tth June, J. Jones, Boston, drew on us for $200 more than the balance of his account ; he has now remitted to us his draft at sight on J. Stevens for that sum. Mr. Stevens accepts the draft, but does not pay it, because the balance of his account is in his favor more than that sum ; it is therefore by consent of both parties considered in account. Instruction. — Make two entries in the Day-Book, one to credit Mr. Jones for the amount he has paid us or remitted to us, and one to debit Mr. Stev- ens for the amount of the draft on him unpaid. Transaction 76 — July 6. We receive of W. Lawrence his note at three months for the balance of his account and interest ; the balance is $125.50, the interest, for 93 days, is $1.94. Instruction. — Make an entry of the note in the Bill-Book ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Lawrence for the balance of his account, which he has settled. I'l :|«l »1ffl 1 p i i Ill 1 i 30 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. Tkaxsaction 77 — July 8. We liave sold to Pettis & Iloome, on account, our draft on W. A. Moale, Baltimore, at ten days' sight, for $150. Instruction-. — Make two entries in the Day-Book — one to debit Messrs. Pettis & Roonie for the amount of tlie draft, and one to credit Mr. Moale for the same, because drawing on him is ordering hun to pay such a sum for us. Transaction 78 — July 10. We buy merchandise of Barclay & Livingston on account. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Invoice-Book, and one in the Day- Book. Transaction 79— July 12. We receive of George Morris, Newark, to be sold for him on commission, 25 barrels dried peaches. We pay expenses of freight and drayage in cash. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Invoice-Book ; and one in the Cash- Book of the sura paid : and debit Mr. Morri.s in the Day-Book for the ex- l^enses on his goods. Transaction 80— July 12. We have shipped merchandise and consigned it to Penasco y Hermanos, Havana, to be sold on commission, for our account, that is, for us. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Sales-Book ; and in the Cash-Book of the cash paid for shipping expenses ; and make one in the Shipment-Book. No entry is required in the Day-Book, because the consignees do not owe us for the goods, nor will they until they have sold them. When we receive an account of the sales of the goods, then we shall charge the gentlemen for the net proceeds, because then they will owe us. Transaction 81— July 15. We lend cash to John Sims on his note at sLx months, with six per cent, interest added— cash $500, interest $15.25. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book ; and one in the Cash- Book of the sum paid out or lent. Transaction 82 — July 16. Our chief clerk, John Sims, has retired from our employment: the amount of his salary for two months, at $500 per annum, is $83.34. John has already drawn $50.50, as appears by his account. We pay him the balance due. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Day-Book to credit John for the amount due him for the whole time, and one to debit him for the balance paid in full. Make an entry in the Cash-Book of the sum paid. Transaction 83 — July 16. We have retailed merchandise to-day for cash, and also sold several bar- rels of dried peaches which were with us on commission. SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 31 Instruction. — Enter the cash in the Cash-Book ; and make an entry of the commission goods in the Sales-Book, but do not extend the amount into the column to be added up with sales of our goods, because we wish to show at the end of the Sales-Book the total sales of our merchandise only. We will make entries in the Sales-Book of goods sold on commission, whether for cash or on credit, in order to be able to make out an account of the sales when they are completed. Transaction 84 — July 17. We sell merchandise to the following persons on account ; J. Richings, W. Lawrence, and R. Jessup. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book, and in the Day-Book. Transactio.n 85 — July 18. We have received from W. A. Moale, Baltimore, his draft at three days' sight, on C. Huntington, who has accepted it. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the acceptance ; and one in the Day-Book to credit Mr. Moale for the amount of the draft. Transaction 86 — July 19. We sell merchandise to the following persons on account : W. B. Brown, H. Small, and P. S. Thompson. Instruction. — Make entries in the Sales-Book and Day-Book. Transaction 87 — July 20. We have shipped merchandise to Charleston, consigned to S. Chadwick & Co., to be sold for our account — that is, for us. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Sales-Book describing the goods shipped ; one in the Cash-Book of the expenses paid in cash ; and one in the Shipment-Book. Transaction 88 — July 21. We pay cash to the following persons on account : to Hogan & Miller $99, to Barclay k Livingston $125, to A. Graham $50 ; you draw for your- self $50, and send to your house the remaining five barrels of dried peaches. Instruction. — Make four entries in the Cash-Book ; one in the Sales-Book ; and one in the Day-Book to charge eacti person who owes us, including yourself for the amount you have drawn from our business and your capital. Transaction 89 — July 23. We have now sold all of the dried peaches received on commission from George Morris, and we make out an account of the sales to send or render him — total sales $125, commission and storage $7.25. Instruction. — The Account-Sales is among the forms and calculations, and is made out from the Sales-Book ; from it you make tw^o entries in the Day-Book — one to debit Mr. Morris for the storage and commission ffor the freight he was charged on receipt of the goods), and one to credit hhu for the amount of sales of his merchandise — $125. 1 1 .11 ^ j 1 !f ! I J i P ; 1 32 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. Transaction 90— July 24. C. Huntington's acceptance, W. A. Moale's draft, is due and paid. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Casli-Book ; and one in the Bill- Book to show that the acceptance is paid. Transaction 91— July 27. We sell to C. Huntington, on account, the shipment which we made to Charleston on the 20th inst., at 10 per cent, advance on cost— $dT7— amounting to $414.70. iNSTRUCTioN.-Make an entry in the Shipment-Book to show the amount of the sale ; and make an entry in the Day-Book to debit Mr. Huntmgtou for the sum he owes us for the shipment. Transaction 92— July 28. We sell merchandise to George Morris on account, and we pay him the balance of his account hi cash— $46.38. Instruction.— Make an entry in the Sales-Book, one in the Cash-Book, and one in the Day-Book to debit Mr. Morris for the sum paid him. Transaction 93— July 29. We buy merchandise of Parker, Howard, & Co., and deliver in payment our note at three months for one half of their biU-the remainder is unpaid. iNSTRUCTioN.-Make an entry in the Invoice-Book one in the Bill-Book and one in the Day-Book to credit Messrs. Parker, Howard, L Co for the bafance unpaid. Or, we may make two Day-Book ^"Jnes-one to credit, them for the whole amount, and one to charge them for the half paid- which is rather clearer. Transaction 94 — July 30. Our clerk returns from collecting, with cash received of I. Farrington $26.80, and of R. Jessup $32.81. . iNSTRUCTiON.-Make entries in the Cash-Book ; and make an entry m the Day-Book to credit the persons for their payments. Transaction 95 — July 30. We have accepted Alfred Graham's draft at sixty days, in favor of R. M'Murray, for $142. IvsTRUCTioN.-Make an entry in the Bill-Book of the acceptance ; and an entry in the Day-Book to charge Mr. Graham for drawing on us. Transaction 96 — July 30. We make out accounts-current for W. A. Moale and for C. Huntington and find a balance of interest in our favor -J^-/^^^^^^^^ cents, and a balance of interest in our favor on Mr. Huntington . accouni '' ll'sTRUCTioN-Make Day-Book entries-one to charge or ^ef ^I^^^^^^^^^^ for balance of interest on his account, and one to charge Mr. Huntington SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 33 for the balance due us. These accounts-current may be found among the forms and calculations at the end of this book. Transaction 97 — July 31. We attended auction to-day, and bought a brig for $5,000 ; and we sold our purchase to Mr. G. Law at 10% advance, and received a check for the amount — $500. Instruction. — Make an entry in the Cash-Book. POSTINQ. Instruction. — You may now commence posthig, and post up the business of July. TRIAL BALANCE. Instruction. — You have now posted the business of July ; the next thing is to make out the Proof or Trial Balance, which is to be done in the same manner as you did at the end of May and June. The last Day-Book bal- ance must be brought on the present sheet, as in the former instance. ' Having made out the Trial Balance, you will then proceed to balance the Cash-Book ; and if, in the Sales and Invoice Books, the amounts of each page are not added and carried forward from page to page, you may now carry them forward, so that the end of the Invoice-Book may show the whole cost of our merchandise, and the end of the Sales-Book may show the amount of our sales. Since these books are to embrace no more than the three months' business already entered, your attention is now called to the Balance-Sheet and to the closing of the accounts, which, although done now at the end of three months, are yearly operations in busmess. , The following is the Trial Balance of July 30 :— 3 ilii I ¥ i i, 1 ■i i I 34 Dr. SIKGLE-ENTllY BOOK-KEEPING. DAY-BOOK BALANCES OF JULY 31, 1859. Cr. 13 14 15 16 17 Folio $ 200 192 667 530 144 14,353 00 34 87 20 18 73 32 13 14 15 16 Balance of June 30 Folio $14,214 474 683 400 315 07 55 84 00 86 32 (< ti ii (< a i( Balance of the Day-Book 16,088 16,088 * Dr. LEGER BALANCES OF JULY 31, 1859. Cr. 2 3 4 4 5 9 9 10 11 12 W. S. Christman . I. Farrington .... Hallet & Brown . Jas. •Richings . . . C. Huntington . , . W. Lawrence . . . R. Jessup W. B. Brown . . . H. Small P. S. Thompson . Balance of Leger $ 8 09 1 40 00 1 55 67 2 37 48 5 499 36 7 56 85 8 150 00 11 119 40 65 67 73 60 14,353 73 85 15,459 New Y OR C. C. Marsh Jonathan Smith . . Pettis & Roorae . . J. Stevens Barclay & Livingston . W. A. Moale Parker, Howard, & Co K, July 31, 1859. $4,651 10,000 48 55 525 49 131 15.459 02 00 13 24 00 21 25 85 BALANCE SHEET OF JULY 31, 1859. SMITH & MARSH. 3 t ■'s ii m It 86 ii' li ! ■! i . !l ! J' I DR. SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. BALANCES OF OUR 2 3 4 4 5 9 9 10 11 12 Cash balance on Bill Receivable balance on Shipments no returns, Merchandise balance in W. S. Christman balance in I. Farrington balance in James Richings balance in Hallet & Brown. . . .balance in 0. Huntington balance in William Lawrence .. balance in Richard Jessup balance in Wm. B. Brown balance in Henry Small balance in P. S. Thompson balance in band, per Cash Book . hand, per Bill Book . . per Shipment Book . . Store, per Inventory. . our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor our favor Dollars CALCULATION- TO ascertain the Gain or Loss of the Business. Net Capital of July 31, 1859, as above $15,664 19 Add amount drawn by the partners, per their accounts 348 98 16,013 17 Net Capital at commencement of Business, May 4, 1859 15,000 00 Net Gain to divide 1,013 17 Of which J. Smith's share is 506 58 Of which C. C. Marsh's share is 506 59 $ 1,013 n SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. • IT oT PROPERTY AND DEBTS. CR. 2 5 7 8 10 Bills Payable balance outstanding, per Bill Bk. Pettis & Roome balance in their favor John Stevens balance in his favor $ 1,437 48 55 525 49 131 37 13 24 Barclay & Livingston. balance in their favor 00 W. A. MoALE balance in his favor 21 Parker, Howard, & Co. balance in their favor Balance — being our Net Capital Of which Jonathan Smith's share is $10,506 58 Of which C. C. Marsh's share is 5,157 61 25 2,246 15,664 20 19 15,664 19 ^ — ^ Dollars 17,910 39 New York, July 31, 1859. per Jno. Sims. ^ L • i .4 ■i| . -A •\\ ! '1 5 in 38 SINGLt]-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. BALANCE-SHEET. ; ! lil -5 J i E • ' Instruction*. — The Balance-Shcet is to exhibit a statement of the situa- tion of our mercantile afliiirs — to show how we stand — or what are our property and debts (or assets and liabiHties), our net capital, and the net g-ain of our business. The Balance-Sheet should be made out once or twice a year ; oftener would be attended with much inconvenience, as it is necessary to take an ac- count of the entire stock of goods on hand or in store — the amount of which forms an important item on the Balance-Sheet. In making out the Balance-Sheet, you will rule a sheet of cap paper to correspond with the foregoing form. The entries on the sheet are obtained from the Legcr, the Bill-Book, the Cash-Book, the Shipment-Book, and from an inventory of goods unsold in the store : the last amount must be suj)- posed in the present instance, as we have no goods. When the entries of all we have and all we owe are made on the debtor and creditor sides of the sheet, you will add the debtor and creditor columns, and subtract one amount from the other. If the debtor side exceeds, the balance, or excess, is net capital ; but if the creditor side exceeds, the bal- ance is the sura we owe more than we possess. The Gain or Loss of the Business is found by comparing the present capital with the former, and by adding to the present capital whatever sums the partners may have drawn out during the time — because, had the part- ners not drawn out anything, the present capital would have been larger, and consequently a larger gain for division. The net gain of the business, as appears by the calculation at the foot of the Balance-Sheet, is $1,013.17 — which being ascertained with due care, should be divided between us, and carried to tlie credit of our accounts in the Leger ; therefore we make the Day-Book entry under date of July 31, so that our individual accounts may show our present net capitals as they appear on the Balance-Sheet. The sheet is closed or balanced by the last two entries on the credit side (generally written in red), showing a division of the balance— $15,664.19^ between the partners. Each partner's shar^ of the net capital is found by adding his share of the net gain to the balance of his account as it stands. CLOSINa ACCOUNTS. You will now proceed to close all the accounts. To close an account is to cause its debtor and creditor sides to equal in amount. Instruction. — Turn to the first page in the Leger, and close your own account by placing the balance on the lesser side of the account, which causes the account to balance or close — that is, to add up even ; then draw the lines, and set the totals at the foot of the columns. The closing entry should be written in red ink, in order to distinguish that entry from all others on the same account. Proceed in the same manner througli the Leger, closing every account. ' I SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEKriXC;. The object of closing the accounts is to prevent then l)ecoming very long or large in amount ; a«d where there is a balance, to separate it from ihe rest of the account, so that when the account is closed and the balance brought down, the account may begin anew with only one sum. OPENINQ ACCOUNTS. Instruction.— You will now proceed to open all the accounts which you liave just closed. This is done by bringing forward the balance : the balance must be brought down or forward so as to be what it was before the account was closed— that is, if the person owes, the balance must be brought down on the debtor side of the account, and, if w^e owe the person, the balance must be brought down on the creditor side. The balances are brought forward in black ink. By closing and opening the accounts as you have done, you separate the balance from all the other suras ; and every account coraraences anew with only one sura on it, and that sura is the one which we owe or which is due to us. The accounts are now prepared for a continuation of the business, if we were going on with more transactions. Remarks.— You have now passed through the course of practice and in- struction erabraced in this book ; you have disposed of the business of May, June and July, consisting of more than a hundred transactions, in the va- rious' account-i30oks ; you have made out the Trial Balance three times ; you have exhibited the result of your business in the form of a Balance- Sheet • you have opened, conducted, closed, and re-opened, about twenty- four accounts in the Leger ; and, from the frequent use you have made of the Invoice-Book, Sales-Book, Bill-Book, Cash-Book, Day-Book, and Leger, we hope you have become well acquainted with the nature and object of each • therefore it is not unreasonable to conclude that you possess a good understanding of an improved system of single-entry book-keeping. One word of advice : there is a quality, which is often predominant m the minds of young persons, that renders almost useless the most useful knowl- edge • it is carelessness. There may be an excuse for ignorance, but there is none for carelessness. How very ridiculous it is to copy a line, write a word or set down a figure, and immediately after it is done to perceive that it is wrono- You can not execute the simplest thing in accounts without attention Snd thought ; therefore never attempt it. The principles of book- keepino- being clearly established in your mind, it becomes the easiest thing in the worid to avoid errors ; vou have only to reverse the order of thought and action, and think before you act instead of after, which will soon give you a habit of correctness, besides saving you much trouble and labor. I recommend to your particular attention the calculations at the latter part of this book ; they are important. The following questions are given as a review of all you have been en- gaged in during this study, and it is presumed that correct answers will be readily afforded by you. ;« i s t I I 4 i ' I LH 40 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO REVIEW THE STUDENT. 1. What is the Cash-Book ? 2. What is tlic Invoice-Book ? 3. What is the Sales-Book? 4. What is the Bill-Book? 6. What is the Shipment-Book ? 6. What is the Day-Book ? 7. What is the Leger? CASH-BOOK. 8. What will be the first entry in the Cash-Book ? 9. What will be the second entry in the Cash-Book ? 10. On which side of the Cash-Book are the sums you pay out entered? 11. Which side of the Cash-Book can show the greater amount? 12. With what should the balance of the Cash-Book correspond? 13. Do you enter the sums received for retail sales separately in the Cash-Book ? 14. If you were entirely out of money, which side of your Cash-Book would be the greater ? INVOICE-BOOK. 15. What would be the first entry in the Invoice-Book? 16. When do you make entries in the Invoice-Book ? n. From what do you make entries in the Invoice-Book? 18. Are your goods and the goods of other persons, entered in the same way in the Invoice-Book. 19. What is the difference in the entries? 20. Can you ascertain what your merchandise cost ? 21. How will you find the whole cost of your merchandise? SALES-BOOK 22. What will be the first entry in the Sales-Book ? 23. When should you make entries in the Sales-Book ? 24. Of what should the entry in the Sales-Book consist? 25. From what do you make out the bills of goods sold ? 26. Do you make any difference in the entries of your goods and the goods of others, in the Sales-Book ? 21 Can you ascertain the total amount of your sales? 28. Does the Sales-Book include all the sales ? 29. How will you find the amount of your sales ? SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. BILL-BOOK. 41 30. What will be the first entry in the Bill-Book? 31. What are the two kinds of notes called? 32. What is meant by bills payable ? 33. What is meant by bills receivable ? 34. When are entries to be made in the Bill-Book ? 35. Do you write in every column at the time you enter a note in the Bill-Book ? 36. Which column remains blank? 37 How do you know that all the notes you had are paid? 38. How do you find the amount of notes unpaid ? SHIPMENT-BOOK. 39. When do you make entries in the Shipment-Book ? 40. Of what do the entries in the Shipment-Book consist ? 41 What entry is required in the Shipment-Book when a shipment has been sold ? DAY-BOOK 42. What will be the first entry in the Day-Book ? 43. What transactions appear in the Day-Book ? 44. When should entries be made in the Day-Book? 45. Do you make separate entries of the persons, or do you allow several names to come into one entry in the Day-Book ? 46. Do you enumerate the articles bought or sold in the Day-Book? 47. Why do you not enumerate the articles bought or sold in the Day- Book ? 48. Why do you in every Day-Book entry use the terms Dr. or Cr. ? 49. How do you know when a person is a debtor ? 50. How do you know when a person is a creditor ? 51 If you have owed, for some time, John Stevens $100, is he a debtor or creditor ? 52. If you now pay him what you owed, is he a debtor or creditor? 53. Why is he a debtor ? 54. In what way is the claim nullified or settled ? LEGER. 55. Wherein is the utility of the Leger, since what it contains is in the Day-Book ? 56. From what book do you make entries in the Leger? 57. What is the balance of an account ? 58. On which side of John Stevens's account should the balance be, for you owe to him ? 59. What is posting? 00. What is debiting a person ? 61. What is crediting a person ? 62. What is "on account"? 63. What is balancing an account ? 64. What is closing an account ? 65. What is opening an account ? ■A I 1 tf; \m '] : • . i ,■ ' 1 1 \ ', i 1 ,' '■ ■ • r f ] '1 n I! I I I I ¥> I I* 1 I 42 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS. 66. If you buy merchandise for cash, in what books should entries be made? 6t. If you buy on account— that is, not paid for— in wliat books do yon make entries ? 68. If you buy on your note? 69. If you merely exchange merchandise, what entries are requn-ed ? 70. If yon soil merchandise on account, what entries are required ? 7L If you sell merchandise for cash, what entries are required ? 72. If you sell merchandise to John Stevens on his note, what entries arc required ? 73. If you receive cash of John Stevens, what entries are required r 74. If you receive cash for John Stevens's note, what entries are re- quired ? 75. If you pay postage, what entries are required ? 76. If you pay the rent of your store, what entries are required? ^ 77. If you pay rent for your dwelling-house, what entries are required? 78. If you pay your note now due, what entries are required? 79! If you give or deliver your note to John Stevens, for balance of ac- count, what entries do you make ? 80. If you receive of John Stevens his note, for balance of account, what entries do you make ? 81 What is the difference between these two notes ? 82. If a note on John Stevens becomes due and remains unpaid, what entries do you make ? ^ /. . , ^ 83. If John Stevens owes you $100 and you accept $98 for it, what sum do you credit him for ? 84. If you draw on John Stevens, does he become a debtor or creditor i 85. Why is he a creditor ? . t ^ 86. If John Stevens draws a draft on you, and you accept it, what en- tries are required ? 87. Why do you debit John Stevens in the last question? 88. What is accepting a draft ? TRIAL-BALANCE. 89. When do you post ? ',10 90. Is there any way to prove that you have posted correctly i 91. How is that proof obtained? ' 92. What name would you give the paper on which the proof is made .' 93. What are the operations that are proved by the Trial Balance? 94, How often is it expedient to make a Trial Balance? 95. Would you preserve the Trial Balance ? BALANCE-SHEET. 96, What is a Balance Sheet? 97 From what is the Balance Sheet made up? 98! Which comes on its debtor side, what you have, or what you owe? 99! How do you ascertain the amount of your net capital ? 100! How do you ascertain the net gain of your business? SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 43 101. In what way is the amount of merchandise on the Balance-Sheet obtained? 102. Why was it supposed? 103. How do you find the gain on the merchandise that has been sold f 104. Do you like book-keeping as a study? 105. I perceive you have become adepts in the art of single-entry ; will you engage in the science of double-entry book-keeping ? 106. You are right ; and I am much pleased that you prefer to pursue and exhaust the subject, rather than to allow the subject to ex- haust you. What book will you give the preference in studying double-entry book-keeping ? 107. Suppose that the balance ($150) owing on these books by Richard Jessup is deemed to be a bad debt ; and that Mr, Smith offers to sell his interest ($75) in said debt, to his partner Mr. Marsh, for $25 : and that Mr. Marsh accepting the offer, receives a draft on Mr. Jessup for the amount of the debt, $150. Now what en- tries are required to arrange this affair on the books of the firm — Smith Sf' Marsh? ANSWEKS TO THE QUESTIONS DESIGNED TO REVIEW THE STUDENT. 6. 6 7 1 The book in which I enter every sum of cash received and paid. 2* The book in which are copied all bills of goods bought or received, 3 The book in which I make a description of all goods sold on credit. 4 The book in which I describe all the notes in my favor or against me. * The book in which I describe the shipments I have made, to be sold for myself. . , . , The book that shows all the transactions which cause persons to owe me, and me to owe persons. The book that contains all the accounts of persons who owe me, or whom I owe. CASH-BOOK. 8. The sum of cash on hand at the commencement of business. 9*. The first sum of cash paid away or received. 10. On the creditor side. 1 1 The debtor ; the creditor side can not exceed it. 12. It should correspond with the sum of cash on hand. 13. No, sir. 14. Neither; thev would baiance. ( ■ M ) 1 = ,1 ir. I' 44 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. INVOICE-BOOK. 15. A description of the goods on hand at commencement, or of the first goods purchased. 16. At the time the goods are received, if no bill accompanies them, and as soon as convenient if a bill is furnished. IT. From the bill or invoice that is received. 18. Not exactly. 19. The amounts of our goods are extended into the dollars' column, and the amounts of other goods are not extended. 20. Yes, sir. 21. It is shown on the last page of the Invoice-Book, because the amounts in the Invoice-Book are carried forward from page to page. SALES-BOOK. 22. A description of the first goods sold on credit. 23. At the time the goods are sold or ordered. 24. Of the quantity, quality, and price of the goods sold. 25. From the Sales-Book. 26. Yes, sir. 27. Yes, sir. 28. No, sir. The retail cash sales are not entered in the Sales-Book ; but they might be included, and then the last page of the Sales- Book would show the total sales. 29. By reference to the last page of the Sales-Book, for the credit sales, and to the Cash-Book for the retail cash sales. f i BILL-BOOK. 30. A description of the first note issued against me, or received. 31. Bills receivable, and bills payable. 32. The notes which are against me, and which I shall have to pay. 33. The notes that are in my favor, the amounts of which I am to receive. 34. At the time of receiving or issuing a note. 35. No, sir. 36. The one headed "Remarks." 37. Bv reference to the column headed " Remarks" ; if there are no blank lines in this column, all the notes are paid. 38. By selecting the amounts from the Bill-Book with reference to the paid column. SHIPMENT-BOOK. 39. At the time the shipment is made. 40. The number of the shipment, the date, the place consigned to, the house consigned to, the amount, and the amount sold for. 41. Merely the amount sold for entered in the column headed " Sales." DAY-BOOK. 42. An entry to show ray capital, or what I commence busine.«5s with. 43. Those transactions which give rise to, or cause, debtors ov creditors 44. Daily, as the transactions occur, or once a week. 45. Both, sir, as convcnieace dictates. L .1 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 45 46. No, sir ; not when there are several. 47. Because it is more convenient to keep a book for that purpose, m which any person in the house may write — namely, Sales-Book. 48. Because the persons of those entries owe me, or I owe them, and no terms appear to express that as well as " Dr." and " Cr." 49. I must be stupid, indeed, if I can't tell when a person owes me ; and when he owes me, he is debtor. 50. He is creditor, when I owe him. 61. He is creditor. 52. He is debtor. 53. Because he owes me ; he owes me for the amount I have paid nim. 54. By both parties owing each other like amounts. LEGER. 55 In the Day-Book the sums that a person owes me are scattered from page to page, from the beginning of the Day-Book to the end ; but in the Leger those sums are all drawn on to one page, and present at one view the result of my business with him. 56. From the Day-Book. 57. The difference between the debtor and creditor pages or columns. 58. On the creditor side. 59. Making entries in the Leger. 60. ]\Iaking an entry on the debtor side of his account. 61. Making an entry on the creditor side of his account. 62. On "account" means on credit, or to be charged or entered on the person's account. 63. Causing the debtor and creditor columns to equal or balance. 64. The same as balancing. 65. Making the first entry on an account, or bringing forward the bal- ance after the account has been closed. BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS. 66. In the Invoice-Book and Cash-Book. 67. In the Invoice-Book and Day-Book. 68. In the Invoice-Book and Bill-Book. 69. lu the Invoice-Book and Sales-Book. 70. In the Sales-Book and Day-Book. 71. In the Sales-Book and Cash-Book. 72. In the Sales-Book and Bill-Book. 73. In the Cash-Book and Day-Book. 74. In the Cash-Book and Bill-Book. 75. In the Cash-Book. 76. In the Cash-Book. 77. In the Cash-Book and Day-Book. 78. In the Cash-Book and Bill-Book. 79. In the Bill-Book and Dav-Book. 80. In the Bill-Book and Day-Book. 81. One is against me, and the other is in my favor ; the first is bills payable, the second is bills receivable. 82. In the Bill-Book and in the Day-Book— the last to charge him for the sum of tlie note due and unpaid. rl !fl| ui t i t . i i » '. ! 46 SINGLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING. 83. For $100. 84. My creditor. 85. Because I owe him the amount I have drawn on him for ; he pays or is to pay, by my order, that sum for me. 86. In tlie Bill-Book, if the draft has time, and in the Day-Book. 87. Because he owes me ; by my accepting his draft I agree to pay such a sum for him. 88. Placing ray name on it, across its face. TRIAL-BALANCE. 89. Once a month, if the nature of the business does not require it oftener. 90. Yes, sir. 91. By ascertaining the balance between the debtor and creditor sums in the Day-Book, and the balance between the debtor and creditor sums in the Leger ; if these balances are alike, the proof is obtained. 92. The Trial Balance. 93. The posting, additions, aud subtractions in the Leger. 94. Once a month. 95. Yes, sir. BALANCE-SHEET. 96. It is an exhibition of my property and debts — my assets and liabili- ties — to show how I stand in business. 97. It is made up chiefly from the Leger, and from the other books amounts are also obtained for it ; the amount of merchandise un- sold on hand must be found by taking an account of stock — that is, an inventory of the goods on hand, at cost. 98. What I possess, and on the creditor what I owe. 99. By subtracting what I owe from what I possess. 100. By subtracting my former capital from my present capital, and add- ing to the balance the amount found on the debtor side of my ac- count which may have been drawn for personal expenses. 101. By taking an account of the goods in store ; in the present instance it was a supposed sum. 102. Because I supposed that I bought, and supposed that I sold ; and therefore I must suppose an amount on hand ; but were I in real business I should not suppose. 103. By subtracting the amount of goods on hand, at cost, from the cost of the whole amount bought, I obtain the cost of what has been sold ; this sum subtracted from the total sales found at the end of the Sales-Book, will give the gain on the merchandise sold. 104. 105. 106. 107. DAY-BOOK. S. & M. 1859 47 i 1 J hi 1 1 i 1 I \ » ,! ; I i I i » i li^ ! J II NOTE. The Day-Book, ia Single-Entry, is designed to record all that class of transactions in which there are persons whom we can call Debtors or Creditors. The entries in this book are generally drawn from the Cash-Book, Invoice- Book, Sales-Book, and Bill-Book. In some cases a transaction appears first in this book. From this book the sums are posted — or transferred to the Leger — for these entries designate what accounts are to be opened in that book, and who debited and who credited for the sums. As we desire to show at the foot of each page of this book the total of the sums belonging to the debtor names, and also the total of the creditor sums, we place the debtor sums in one column and the creditor sums in the other, instead of extending all the sums into one and the same column. The totals at the foot of the columns of each page are used on the Trial Balance. The figures in the left-hand column are the pages of the accounts in the Leger, placed against the names at the time of posting. 48 1 NEW YORK, MAY 4, 1859. 2 C. C. Marsh Cr. For Cash received of him as capital Jonathan Smith Cr. For Cash received of him as capital 5 Pettis & Roome Cr. For Merchandise bought of them, on ac- count, Invoice-Book, folio 1 HoGAN & Miller Cr. For Merchandise bought of them, on ac- count, I. B. 1 Hallet & Brown 8 Cr. For Merchandise bought of them, 'Qi six months' credit, I. B. 2 John Stevens II Dr. For Cash lent to him , 14 Hallett & Brown Dr. For our Note tJD six months, for amount of their bill of 8th inst 15 Pettis & Roome Dr. For Cash paid to them on account. 49 $5,000 00 10,000 00 265 60 59 42 $ 50 ! 00 296 50 396 36 00 296 36 15621 38 I ! -■t ' 1] s4.i f « 'i'i I •• ! I i if 2 NEW YOBK, MAY 16, 1859. 6 Charles Simmons Cr. For amount of his bill for painting, &c . . <( 7 Barclay & Livingston Cr. For balance of bill of Merchandise, LB. 2 n 2 Pettis & Roome Dr. For our Note ^ sixty days for. " Cash in full ••••• .. ^ iO 4U 18 8 Jonathan Jones, Boston Cr. For amount of 20 bbls. Mackerel, rec'd by the Commercial Line, L B. 2 «< 6 Charles Simmons Dr. For Bill of Sundries, Sales-Book, folio L. 19 $ 200 00 9 William Lawrence Dr. j For Bill of Merchandise, S. B. 1 - 21 1 , C. C. Marsh Dr. For Cash drawn for personal expense. . . . 22 10 William B. Brown ! For Bill of Merchandise, S. B. 1 Dr. 50 15 • • • • 63 60 21 142 25 08 00 153 97 120 22 116 60 r)99 i 02 '' :n2 I22 NEW YOBK, MAY 22, 1859. a 9 ' William Lawrence Cr. For his Note, No. 1, e 30 days, For Cash in full 23 6 Charles Simmons l^^*- I For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., folio 1.. . i( 12 Peter S. Thompson Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 1.. . . (I 11 Henry Small Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 1 u 2 Wm- ^' Christman Dp. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 2.. . . 99 04 25 - John Stevens For Cash received of him, Or. it 3 I. Farrington Dr. For 6 sacks fine salt, ^ $3, S. B., fol. 2 . . 12 ti 51 $ 6 00 , $ 100 00 42 08 44 31 60 12 18 00 Peter S. Thompson^ Dr. For 1 qr. cask Malaga Wine, S. B., fol. 2 . ; 16 20 215 I 5G 200 00 312 OS •«s I I- :ll I NEW YORK, MAY ^5, 1851). 11 Henry Small D] For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 2. . . . $ 42 (( James Eichings Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 2. . . . 26 C. Huntington Cr. 39 52 For 5 seroons Cuba Tobacco, I. B., fol. 3 (( John Stevens Cr. For 10 bbls. Whiskey, I. B., fol. 3. . . . 2T _ 6 ! Joseph Johnson Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 2. . . For Cash paid to him 29 John Stevens Dr. For our Note, No. 6, ^ three months, dated 26th, inst., for 4t 49 65 20 00 ti I. Farrington Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 2. . . 112 77 47 41 II 324 69 193 62 $ 80 48 112 77 2r. NEW YOBK, MAY 29, 1859. 10 10 William B. Brown Dr. For 2 chests of Young Hyson Tea, S. B. fol. 3, amounting to 30 William B. Brown Cr. For his Note, No. 2, {jb three months, for tt 12 Peter S. Thompson Cr. For his Note, No. 3, Q) two months, for tt 11 Henry Small Or. For Cash received of him, tt Wm. S. Christman For Cash received of him Cr. tt. 5 I John Stevens For Cash paid him. Dr. 31 7 John Sims Dr. For Cash paid to him, on account 53 93 50 150 25 00 00 268 $153 97 44 31 50 60 72 00 50 i 2S0 I 29 i] il I I I 6 NEW YORK, MAY 31, 1859. 4 2 3 9 8 9 James Richings Dr. For 1 box Havana Sugar, S. B., fol. 3 . . . $ 50 2 43 48 62 40 15 20 22 1 William S. Christman Dr. For 1 bag Pepper, S. B., folio 3 it I. Farrington Dr. For 1 bbls. superfine Flour, S. B., fol. 3.. ti "William Lawrence Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 3. . . . 144 1 t $ 120 JUNE 1. $293 Barclay & Livingston Dr. For our Note, No. 6, ® 3 mos. . .$122 08 Less interest added 1 86 Q W. A. Moale, Baltimore Or. For Invoice of Hams, received per Schr. Cherry, pursuant to our order, Invoice- Book, folio 3 15 «i 21 60 82 William Lawrence Dr. For Bill of Virginia Hams, S. B., fol. 8 . . 141 '; 293 15 I 54 N EW YORK, JUNE 3, 1859. 4 James Richings ^^' For Merchandise sold to him, S. B., fol. 3 $ 51 18 It 3 I. Farrington Dr. For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 4. 120 ; 10 tt 9 Richard Jessup ^^' For 4 casks Linseed Oil, S. B., fol. 4 ... . 10 Parker, Howard, & Co. Cr. For Bill of Flour bought of them, In- voice-Book, fol. 3 110 40 $ 222 50 I Sundries ^^' 3 ' I. Farrington . . .for his Note, No. 4, 0) 3 mos. 4 James Richings, . . for his Note, No. 5, -9) 3 mos. 2 ! W. S. Christman, for Cash received on acct. . 9 Wm. Lawrence . .for Cash received on acct. . 10 W. B. Brown for Cash received on acct. . 6 Sundries ^^* 9 Richard Jessup, for Bill of Sundries, S. B. 4 . ! 12 P. S. Thompson, for Bill of Sundries, S. B. 4. j 1 1 Henry Small. ... for Bill of Sundries, S. B. 4 . ' 109 16 103 09 54 12 91 1 68 39 80 51 48 50 44 20 00 480 I 48 i 584 30 55 DAMAGED PAGBSl \ \ it I', i . 8 NE^^ YOKK, JUNE 6, 1859. Sundries Dr. 6 I Jos. Johnson, for Bill of Sundries, S. B., fol. 4 ) $ 15 5 ' John Stevens, for Bill of Sundries, S. B., fol. 4 t Sundries Dr. 3 HoGAN & Miller for Cash paid to them. . <3 Charles Simmons for Cash ©aid to him . . . : 5 C. Huntington, for our Note, No. 8, it 60 ds. !I6 i: Parker, Howard, & Co. Dr. For the following, delivered to them : — I. Farrington's Note, No. 4, for P. S. Thompson's Note, No. 3, for. . . . Cash for 10 Dr. 11 Sundries John Sims for Cash paid him. ....... C. C. Marsh ... .for Cash paid for self li Alfred Graham, Syracuse For 25 bbls. Butter, I. B., fol. 4 It 11 Alfred Graham For Bill of Merchandise, S. B., fol. 5 56 21 59 6 80 T5 •J6 42 13 48 109 16 44 60 68 15 U 50 40 00 $546 00 546 00 NEAV YOKK, JUNE 12, 1859. 10 Sundries ^^' W. B. Brown. . .for Merchandise, S. B., fol. 5 12 I P S. Thompson, for Y. H. Tea, S. B., fol. 5 11 Henry Small for Merchandise, S. B., fol. 5 ! 6 ' Joseph Johnson, for Merchandise, S. B., fol. 5 9 i Wm. Lawrence, for Merchandise, S. B., fol. 5 $ 22 109 53 34 44 K 6 Joseph Johnson For Cash paid to him , Dr. 13 Sundries ' Cr. j 2 Pettis & Roome, for'Bal^|^^ill of Sugar, ' ' I. B., f^T^T Hogan & Miller, for balance of Bill of Soap, ! -" <— Sundries I^r. 11 Alfred Graham , .for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 5.. 10 ' Wm. B. Brown for Bill of Flour, S. B. 5.. 3 , 1. Farrington . . .for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 6.. 4 James Bichings . .for Bill of Sugar, S. B. 6.. 9 Richard Jessup . . for Bill of Hams, S. B. 6.. 2 ! W. S. Christman, for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 6.. 15 12 i Peter S. Thompson Cr. For his Note, No. 6, -a 60 days, for For Cash received on account 57 15 00 50 25 05 15 00 70 50 26 50 66 80 49 ,45 32 76 79 09 603 05 9 $ 198 13 I 99 00 i 97 I 68 16 16 411 01 r I ' * i 1 I ! I 5 I lO NEW YOKK, JUNE 15, 1859. 11 Hemiy Small Cr. For his Note, No. 3, n 60 ds., for $83 01 Less interest O^ •••••• •• ^ oZ i-if 16 Sundries Cr, 1 Wm. B. Brown, for Cash received on account . • • • • • • • • • • • 9 Richard jESSUP,for Cash received on account. 1) lliCHARD Jessup, for his Note, No. 8, tJ 4 mos . . <( 3 I. Farrington Cr. For his Note, No. 9, CD 3 mos., for $121 96 Less interest 1 86 n •••••• •• Sundries 1 Barclay & Livingston, for BTTl of Brandy, Cr LB., fol. 4 4 Hallet & Brown, for Bill of Wines, I. B. 4 . ... tt 1 John Sims for Cash paid to him 11 Alfred Graham, for Cash paid to him fi Sundries Dr. ^ . 6 Joseph Johnson, for Cash paid to him $ 10 10 20 400 5 C. HUNTINGTOW. .for Cash lent to him 00 00 00 00 II 5 John Stevens For Cash borrowed of him, Or. 58 43 50 64 12 110 40 120 10 325 00 169 38 410 ! 00 I" 1.205 300 00 29 NEW YORK, JUNE 10, 1859. 11 8 W. A. MoALE, Balt imore Dr. For am't of his Draft, ^ ten days' sight, in favor of C. Huntington, accepted . . § ^"^ « Sundries ^^* 2 W. S. Christman for Merchandise, S. B. 6. . 4 James Richings . .for Merchandise, S. B. 6. . 9 Richard Jessup . . for Merchandise, S. B. 6. . 9 Wm. Lawrence . . for Merchandise, S. B. 6. . 36 fip 50 44 00 20 e' Joseph Johnson Cr. 41 59 80 85 For amount of his Bill for masonry and other work on account Mr. Marsh. . . . 11 6 Joseph Johnson For Cash paid to him in full. Dr. _ tt iM $n5 80 31 15 0. C. Marsh Dr. For Cash drawn for expense For amount of Joseph Johnson's Bill for building 15 00 n5 80 21 ' Sundries ^^- i 11 Alfred Graham, .for Merchandise, S. B. 7. . , 12 P. S. Thompson . .for Merchandise, S. B. 7 . . 11 Henry Small for Merchandise, S. B. 1. . | 10 Wm. B. Brown ... .for Merchandise, S. B. 7 . . 59 30 30 9t 81 08 43 50 818 I 95 1 ■| 175 I 80 59 1.' I ! 1 ;.! ? V2 NEW YOBK, JUNE 5^2, 1859. 1 C. C. Marsh Dr. For Merchandise sent to the house, S.B.,foI.t 23 4 Hallet & Brown Dr. For the following Kotes, delivered to them on account : — No. 5, on James Richings, for . .$103 09 No. 9, on I. Farrington, for. 121 96 $ 18 18 25 Sundries Dr. 2 Wm. S. Christman, for Merchandise, S. B. 1 . I " " —————— 9 I Eichard Jessup for Merchandise, S. B. 7. 11 Alfred Graham. . .for Merchandise, S. B. 7. 5 John Stevens for Merchandise, S. B. T . 26 8 W. A. MoALE, Baltimore D r. For Bill of Merchandise shipped to him by his order, per Schooner Fair Star, S. B., fol. 8 21 8 I Jonathan Jones, Boston Dr. For his Draft on us at sight, in favor of C. Huntington, accepted, for 60 225 05 62 150 24 00 129 00 23 00 593 62 316 60 1,381 95 I NEW YORK, JUNE 27, 1859. C. Huntington Cr. For J Jones's Draft, at sight, on us in his favor, accepted and passed to acct., for 30 4 2 Sundries ^• James Bichings . . for his Note, No. 10,^90 ds. , W. S. CHRisTMAN,forhisNote,No.ll, e3mos. I (( Sundries ^^• James Richings . .for Cash received of him . . 2 W. S. Christman, for Cash received of him . . JULY 3. Sundries C^- 11 1 Henry Smau. ... .for his Note, No. 12, ^ 60 ds. . . 12 P. S. Thompson, for his Note, No. 13, ^ 60 ds 11 (( Sundries ^^^ Henry Small ... for Cash received of him . . 12 P. S. Thompson . . .for Cash received of him . . 8 John Stevens Dr. For amount of J. Jones's Draft on him, at sight, accepted and passed to acct <( Jonathan Jones, Boston Cr. For amount of his Draft on J. Stevens, remitted to us ...••• $200 1)J $ 316 60 00 200 00 61 100 00 120 00 25 00 40 00 60 001 $ 130 00 100 00 4 39 58 9T 200 474 00 5;') ! SJ ; ¥il i ! t !•: 1-4 NEW YOKK, JULY 6, 1859, 9 William Lawrence Cr. For his Note, Ko. 14, ® three months, for $12t 44 Less interest 1 94 8 2 Pettis & Roome Dr. For our Draft on W. A. Moale, sold to them on account $ 150 00 $ 125 60 ! << 8 W. A. Moale, Baltimore Cr. For our Draft on him O ten days' sight, . j in favor of Pettis & Rome 150 00 10 Cr. 7 Barclay & Livingston I For Bill of Merchandise bought of them, I. B., fol. 5 325 00 12 12 ' George Morris Dr. For Freight and Drayage on lot of peaches received on commission 16 7 John Sims Cr. i For amount of two months* salary due him '• . . 9 50 83 34 « 8 John Sims For Cash paid to him in full , Dr. 32 84 JU.. Obo 1 84 62 NEW YOKK, JULY 17, 1859. ir Sundries •^^'* James Richings . . for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 8. . $ 11 25 9 ' Wm. Lawrence . .for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 8. . for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 8.. 9 ; Richard Jessup . .for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 8. . for Bill of Mdse., S.B. 8.. ii 18 8 W. A. Moale, Baltimore Cr. For his Draft ^ three days' sight, on C. Huntington, accepted 19 Sundries Dr. 10 W. B. Brown for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 9 . . for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 9.. 11 Henry Small ... for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 9. . for Bill of Mdse., S.B. 9.. 12 P. S. Thompson. . .for Bill of Mdse., S. B. 9. . 21 Sundries ^r* Hog AN & Miller, for Cash paid to them in full 7 Barclay & Livingston, for Cash paid on ac- count 11 Alfred Graham, for Cash paid on account. . . 1 C. C. MarsHj for Cash drawn $50 00 for Merchandise .... 25 00 68 11 25 45 • 60 11 25 13 00 $ 400 00 11 25 16 00 55 6T 10 00 73 60 99 00 125 00 50 00 75 00 11 r>r>T ! 87 M) 00 I i 10 12 NEW YORK, JULY 23, 1859. George Morris Or. For amount of sales of 25 bbls. dried Peaches, sold for bis account, per Ac- count-Sales rendered him (< 12 12 10 George Morris Dr. For Storage on 25 bbls. one month . . . . For Commission on $125, ^ 5 % 27 C. Huntington Dr. For amt. of our shipment to Charleston, of 20th ins., sold to him $377 00 For 10 % advance on same 3*1 70 $ 1 00 6 25 28 George Morris Dr. For Bill of Merchandise sold to him, S. B., fob 9 For Cash paid to him 29 Parker, Howard, & Co. Cr. For Balance of Bill of Merchandise bought of them, I. B., fob 5 30 Sundries Cr. 3 9 I. Farrington ... for Cash received of him. . . Richard Jessup.. .for Cash received of him.. . 414 70 61 46 • ••••< • • 530 87 38 20 64 $ 125 00 131 26 32 315 25 80 81 86 NEW YORK, JULY 30, 1859. 11 Alfred Graham Dr. For his Draft on us in favor of Rich. M'Murray, accepted $ 142 00 31 8 W. A. MoALE, Baltimore Dr. For Balance of Interest, as per account- current of this date sent to him 92 ti 5 C. Huntington Dr. For Balance of Interest, as per account- current of this date rendered him (( 1 26 144 Sundries Cr. 1 Jonathan Smith, for his half Net Gam of the ' Business, as per Balance-Sheet . \ C. C. Marsh for his half Net Gain, as per Balance-Sheet of this date • • • • I 606 58 606 69 a5 4«'l -All ■I Ml ■ihi I li«' J. i L E G E R. S. & M. 1859. XoTE. This is the book of accounts : in it every person who has owed us, or to whom we have owed any sum, has a page or place allotted to him ; and on that page will be found drawn together every sum that he may have owed us, or we have owed him, from the beginning of our business to the present time. The space thus devoted to a person is caried his account: to this account we turn, when we wish to know what is due to him or to us. The entries in this book arc always drawn from the Day-l>ouk. The column next to the amounts, or sums, is the page of the Day-Book from which the entry is taken. When the pages of the Leger are wide enough, we always put the Dr. and Cr. sides of the account on the same page, and not make one page of two, as within. Tiie Index is generally a separate book. 61 ;lt i 1ti s « * m H ■i if ■'t 'i 'A j: A. B. C. Christman, W. S D. E. Farrington, Isaac INDEX. V A Graham, Alfred 11 IT Barclay & Livingston 1 Hogan & MiUer 3 Brown, W. B 10 HaUet & Brown 4 Huntington, Calvin 5 J. Jones, Jonathan, Boston S Johnson, Joseph ^ Jessup, Richard -* E Lawrence, William, 68 I N r> EX. M Marsh, C. C 1 ^loale, W. A., Balthnore 8 ^forris, George, Newark. ....... 12 N. O. s. Smith, Jonathan 1 Stevens, John 5 Simmons, Charles 6 Small, Henry 11 Sims, John 7 T. Thompson, Peter S 12 U. •i I Pettis & Roome 2 Parker, Howard, & Co 10 V. Q. w. R. Richmgs, James r)9 M ^41 |:i ,', IS.-; .Jul y ItM. n R. CHIMSTUPMKH J HI HI I 21 . For Cash ' 2 lOi '' Cash 8i 20 " Sundries I U , 22 " Merchandise 12 21 " Sundries 15 ]■ .... 25 00 40 00 190 80 18 75 18 00 5,506 59 DR. JONATHAN IJalance OG ! 5S 10,500 58 fO C. MARSH. CR. 1859. May 4 For Net Capital in Cash 1 $5,000 00 ,Tolv 31 " Net Gain " ^06 59 I8S9, July 3 1 For Balance brought down SMITH. I8S9. July 31 " 16S5. July 3 1 For Balance brought down. Tl 5,506 59 $ 5,151 61 OR. May 4 For Cash • 1 «10,000 00 NetGain ^ 506 58 10,506 58 $10,506 58 I I ','1 1 I I i 18(9. Mav tt i( July 1859. May (( June (( (( 18B9. DR. PETTIS & 15 For Cash : 1 It " our Notes ^ 60 days 2 n " Cash 2 8 " our Draft on W. A. Moale 14 : i Balance 50 00 200 00 15 60 150 48 00 ir> 463 ' 13 DR. WILLIAM S. 23 For Merchandise 31 " Merchandise 14 " Merchandise 19 " Merchandise 25 " Merchandise 6 9 11 12 -•'1* July 31 For Balance brought down. 99 04 2 40 79 09 36 50 52 50 269 , 53 f S 09 72 -I ROOME. 1859. May 5 For Merchandise June 13 ; " Merchandise 1859, July 31 For Balance brought down CHRISTMAN. 1859. May June it M July 5 30 30 (( (< " Cash.... i>aiuuuc, 73 CR. 9 CR. 30 For Cash 5 " his Note Q 3 mos 13 .. 13 -Ul 44 "!>. 1 $ 265 60 198 13 463 73 50 00 51 44 120 00 40 00 8 09 269 53 % .4 'M ■1 TAt ^ ■iiil . I i 1 n • i •t; I ll o 1859. Mav June 1859. DR. lSo». June 7 For Cash Julv 21 " Cash DR. 25 For Merchandise 29 " Merchandise 31 " Merchandise 3 " Merchandise 14 " Merchandise HOaA>i & July 31 For Balance. .brought down. 8 15 59 42 99 00 158 42 ISAAC 3 $ 1 18 00 4 47 41 6 43 75 7 120 10 9 66 80 296 06 40 00 M I L I. K R 18S9. May i^i For Merchandise June 13 " Merchandise R. < > 1 $ 9 1 59 42 99 00 158 42 I FARRINOTON. I86t. June << Julv CR. 5 For his Note, No. 4, CJ 3 mos ^7 $ 16 " his Note, No. 9, less interest 10 30 " Cash ^^ i\-' -■ ' 109 16 120 10 26 80 296 06 1^ M m U 75 r. ffci I i t I 1 18i». 1B50 1859. May (( June (( July 1859. July r>R. HALLET & May 14 For our Note, No. 2, Q) 6 months, June 23 " Sundry Notes , July 31 For Balance brought down. DR. 31 For Balance brought down 76 1 : $ 296 136 12 225 105 •j.i *i JAMES 25 For Merchandise 4 6 1 9 11 16 31 " Merchandise • 3 " Merchandise 14 " Merchandise 19 " Merchandise It " Merchandise 4 $ 52 41 50 51 49 62 78 45 44 00 11 25 265 i 5t 87 48 li I BROWN. CR. 1S59. May June July 8 17 31 For Merchandise II 1 $ 296 3G (( Merchandise ,;/,; ^^ Jiuluncc *65 74 169 38 00 1 *-» • 621 41 RICHINGS. CR. 1159. June 5 For his Note, No. 5, Q) 3 mos. 30 " his Note, No. 10 30 " Cash. 1 13 13 77 103 09 100 00 25 00 31 48 265 57 J ^hl: M I 1859. May <( June July 1U9. June R. 1 1 For Cash. JOHN 1 $ 29 30 6 25 our Note, No. 5, ^ three months 4 Cash Merchandise n 6 8 Merchandise 12 J. Jones's Draft in our favor 13 iiiilauct^ * • 50 00 112 11 150 ,00 21 1 16 23 00 200 00 612 11 CALVIN DR. 1 For our Note, No. 8, d 60 days 8 $ n Cash. !10 ) 43 27 " Shipment to Charleston 16 30 " Interest 11 Ij6 H 80 48 400 00 414 70 1 26 896 44 July 31 For Balance .brought down $ 499 '36 78 STEVENS. 1859. May <( June lUO. July 3 1 For Balance brought down. CR. 25 For Cash ''^ ^ 26 I " Merchandise ^ 17 " Cash 10 fj 200 00 112 77 300 00 612 i i $ 55 24 HUNTINQTON. 1859. May June July I I 26 For Merchandise 27 "J. Jones's Draft at sight. 31 ; I . . . . CR. 4 $ 13 )7 03 79 80 48 316 60 4Uii . 896 44 il I * 'II 11 ! 'i i 1839. Mav « June 18S9. May II June It II H. 21 For Merchandise " , " Cash 6 " Merchandise 12 " Merchandise " Cash " Cash " Cash II It 20 80 CHARLES 18 For Merchandise 23 " Merchandise 7 " Cash 2 3 8 i 1 $ 63 6 6 27 00 IS 16 40 JOSEPH ^'» r>5 4 $ 4!' 8 9 9 10 11 :76 51 49 65 20 00 15 75 34 25 15 00 10 00 31 15 175 80 SIMMONS. 1S59. May I 16 For Bill of Painting. CR. 2 $ 75 40 75 40 JOHNSON. CR. 18S9. June 20 For amount of Bill H $ 1*75 80 176 i 80 81 till It!l t I kl 185D. Juno Julv 1S59. Mav June i( July BARCLAY & DR. 1 For our Xote, No. 6, f/) three months G $ 120 2-2 21 " Cash ! 15 125 00 770 22 r>R. 31 For Cash. 10 " Cash. 17 " Cash. K) " Cash i<2 JOHN 1 '^ 5 $ 25 00 8 15 50 10 10 00 14 32 81 83 34 LIVINGSTON. CR. 1850. Mav 10 For Merchandise '^ $ ^-^ ^2 " Merchandise 1^ ^^^ ^^ June 17 < t;> July 10 " Merchandise 14 325 00 770 '^X I ! I l.i.i'.l. J uly 3 1 For Balance brought down. 770 r.2 $ 525 00 SIMS CR. isso July IG For two months* services. 14 $ 83 34 83 34 83 1 1 11 I s 18S9. 1859. June July OR. JONATHAN June , 27 For his Draft on us 12 $ 316 60 316 60 ±J Jti. W. A. 19 ^ For his Draft on us 26 j " Merchandise 30 " Balance of Interest. n3 <•.! 11 $ 12 n «-» 0| l>al;ir. 200 00 593 62 92 49 I 21 843 15 84 I JONES, Boston. 1659. May July 18 For Merchandise II his Draft on J. Stevens, MOALE, Baltimore. 1860. ! ( June ; 3 For Bill of Hams, July ti 8 " our Draft on him 18 " his Draft on C. Huntington 1W9. July 31 For Balance brought down. 85 CR. 2 S 116 60 13 200 00 :u« 60 i«<3 T» b 316 60 CR. il 6 $ 293 75 14 150 00 15 400 00 ! U -1 — 843 15 i $ 49 ; 21 ■i m W I r 4 1859. May It June << i< July tt 1859. II 155!>. July DR. WILLIAM 19 For Merchandise 31 3 12 tt It a 19 n (< II n 2 Merchandise ' 6 Merchandise G Merchandise ' 9 Merchandise 11 Merchandise 15 Merchandise " 373 &i 142 08 48 20 21 60 44 05 59 85 11 25 45 60 July 31 For Balance. brought down. 372 63 $ 56 85 DR. RICHARD 1859. June O « 6 ti 14 It 19 t( 25 July n For Merchandise t Merchandise ! 7 Merchandise 9 Merchandise 1 1 Merchandise 12 ' ■i«3 68 j j j Merchandise 15 $ li ii ti II li 10 40 54 72 32 7() 41 80 24 OU (( Merchandise i " II 1 1 2.j 73 00 347 93 31 ' For Balance, ■ brought down $ 150 00 86 LAWRLNCE, CR IM9. Mav << (( !43 oa June July 22 For his Note, No. 1, e 30 days " Cash " Cash 6 j " his Note, No. 14, less interest 14 31 I Balan 5 3 7 100 42 00 08 48 ;20 125 50 JESSUP, 185!1. June it July 87 CR. 16 For his Note, No. 8, CD four months 10 $ " Cash 30 " Cash B:i 16 Ob 372 63 110 40 54 72 32 81 00 347 93 I. I ■I i I June it i)H. ^VILLIAM 1859. ^Ia\ .JO For ^Merchandise . 2 $ 153 97 tt 29 12 14 Merchandise . ^lerchandise . Merchandise . 5 9 9 93 22 26 50 .1 uiie 15 t i 50 ii 21 19 .. Merchandise . Merchandise . 11 15 43 11 50 Julv 25 ox For Balance .br ought down $ 119 40 I>Il. PARKER, 9 For I. Farriugton's Koto, No. 4, -^ 3 months. 8 9 " P. S. Thompson's Note, No. 3, tl 2 mos. 8 9 " Cash 8 109 16 44 GO 68 74 353 75 88 hi B. BROWN. CR. lU 1859. May June it 30 For his Note, No. 3, U three months 5 $ 153 97 5 " Cash ^ 5« «« 16 " Cash ••• 10 *^ '' 366 81 t •M f t ii i 11 HOWARD, & CO. 1659. June -i For Merchandise July 29 " Merchandise 1559. July 31 For Balance, brought down OR. 7 $ 222 50 16 131 25 353 75 $ 131 25 *i. 89 il' i i 1) li. HEN 11 Y I 1 • ! 1 I ! -^ 1859. May 23 <( 25 June 6 a 12 << 19 July 19 <( 185?. Julv IM?. June it it it a July it 23 For Merchandise Merchandise Merchandise Merchandise <( 31 For Balance. , brought down. DK. 11 For Merchandise 14 n 21 25 21 30 74 U 3 4 7 9 Merchandise ! 11 Merchandise 15 Merchandise " 31 72 42 39 39 80 53 50 81 08 55 ' 67 10 00 314 16 65 67 ALFKED 8 Cash 9 Cash 10 Merchandise 1 1 Merchandise 12 Merchandise 15 his Draft on us, -Q) 60 days 17 75 20 70 50 20 00 59 80 129 00 50 00 142 00 546 00 90 SMALL. CK. 1S59. May June 15 July 30 For Cash ^' his Kote, No. 7, less interest ^^ 13 2 " his Kote, No. 12 " Cash 5 $ (< o 1 1-2 82 19 130 00 4 58 314 16 GRAHAM, SYKACU8E. 1859. June 11 For Merchandise CR. 8 $ 546 00 546 00 U, 91 »N M J ■ l;i OR. PETEK S. I ; f: 1859. Mav 23 For Merchaudise (( 125 " Merchandise June G " Merchandise (( 12 " Merchandise u 21 '' Merchandise July 15 " Merchandise 3 $ 44 60 3 IG 20 7 97 G8 i> 109 00 11 30 97 15 73 60 1S59. 1859. July (I tt M July 31 For Balance brought down. 372 05 $ 73 60 r>H. GEOROE 12 For Freight and Cartage 14 23 " Storage 16 " " Commission " 28 " Merchandise " " '' Cash " 9 50 1 00 G 25 61 87 46 38 125 00 92 '. I THOMPSON. 1359. May June <( July (I It I 30 ' For his Note, No. 3, ^ two months ^ $ 15 (( 2 (( his Note, No. 6, tC sixty days . " Cash his Note, No. 13, -0) sixty days *' Cash B;il;iiic< (( / R . IM 5 $ 44 CO 9 97 G8 <( 16 20 13 100 00 (( 39 97 i.' ' 372 05 MORRIS, Newark. CR. 185f. July 23 For Amount of Sales 16 $ 125 00 125 00 il ;♦ ii iti !i ^l 't* m DralTi accepted, [1^'rom n 60.--Jimo 19.] $200.7; ino Baltimore. Jnnc 17, 1850. Ten days after sight pay to the onler of Calvix Huntington Two hundred Dollars, vahie received, and charge the account of Your obedient .<^ervant, William A. Moale. To Messrs. Smith Sc Marsh, Merchants, New York. Due July 2, '59 [Fiuni T ij' $200.7 ino Boston, Julv 2, 1859. At sight pay to the order of Messrs. Smith ney on ,.a„d ' Balance the cash daily-or weekly, if you prefer, but watch >t closely. 95 I t 1 ^p^ DR. CASH. Usfy'. Mav • 4 <( 13 21 22 23 25 n (( 28 30 (( oi ■ft:.o Mav June ol o o << 5 << <( (< (( (( i< It 11 11 15 (< 16 (( <( <( 17 <( 21 i< (( 1 Received of Jonatlian Smith as Capital $10,000 00 of C. C. ISIarsh as Capital 5,000 00 for Retail Sales of tliis day 28 64 for Retail Sales ' 44 62 " of Wm. Lawrence, for balance of acct. . . ,; 42 08 for Retail Sales '' 38 94 of John Stevens, for loan of 1 1 tli 60 00 of '' " as loan 150 00 for Retail Sales 17 92 for Retail Sales 7 50 " of Henry Small on account 31 72 " of Wm, S. Christman on account 50 00 for Retail Sales 34 40 Dollars 15,495 82 Balance in Bank, &c Received for Retail Sales " for Retail Sales " of W. S. Christman on account, " of Wm. Liwrence on account. , " of W. B. Brown on account . . , " for Retail Sales " of P. S. Thompson on account . (( << of W. B. Brown on account of R. Jessup on account of John Stevens, as a loan for Brown's Note, No. 2, disct., $153.97 for Jessup's Note, No. 8, disct, $110.40 Forward $14,612 84 35 45 56 80 51 44 48 20 50 00 29 64 16 20 43 50 54 72 300 00 152 07 108 17 15,559 03 96 18S». lay 4 {( 4( It U 11 tt 11 .no«. 1 July 13 Havana. j Penasco y Her' 2 " 20 Charleston. S. Chadwick & Co. *5 /. >'- I i u f / $ 555 01 Zr\ 00 $414 10 / f 'f T 100 I N Y I C E-B K. S. & M. 1859. Note. - This book is designed to save the Day-Book. It contains ca^ of all bills of goods purchased by us, or even of those received into our possession. It, with the Sales-Book, serves for a merchandise account, be- cause at the end of the Invoice-Book may be seen the cost of all the mer- chandise we have bought, and at the end of the Sales-Book the total product of the merchandise sold. When the settlements indicated in the left^hand margin are not made at the time of purchase, such indications are omitted. 101 4 i ! . f 1^ t '>! k\ ■ I I' r E. E. NEW YOBK, MAY 4, 1850. Bought of John Stevens 1 hhd, N. O. Sugar, I| 4 bags Java Coffee, Q l,16t lbs. 102 lbs. tare. 1,065 lbs. net Ci) 8 31.... $89 14 464 lbs. 14 lbs. tare. 450 lbs. net tD 15 6T 50 3 bags Laguayra Coffee, 324 lbs. 6 lbs. tare. Bought of Pettis & Roome 14 bis. superfine Flour, -0) 6 00 $84 00 7 bis. fine Flour, 0) 5 50 38 50 10 qr. casks dry Malaga Wine, 210 gals., ^ 53 . .143 10 Bought of Hone, Coster, & Co. 4 casks Winter Oil, leSJ gals, e TO $114 45 2 bis. Summer Oil, 56 gals, fj 54 30 24 i 10 boxes Cheese, 3T5 lbs. Q) 1 26 25 Bought of Hogan & Miller 40 bushels Lisbon Salt, 12 sacks fine Salt, 14 bushels Marseilles Salt, ® 55 $22 00 ^2 50 30 00 €D 53 7 42 102 318 lbs. net f() 9J....30 21 $ 186 85 265 60 no 94 59 42 682 81 ! hi NKW YOKK, MAY 8, 1859. Brought $ 682 81 Bought of Hallct & Brown 4 bis. Lump Butter, 672 lbs. 80 lbs. tare. 592 ^'J 6 chests Y. H. Tea, 654 lbs. ' ' 114 lbs. tare. 2 lbs. net tD 111 $^9 56 540 lbs. net Q) 42 226 80 10 o o o 'A Bought of Parker, Ho^Yard, & Co. 4 hhds. of N. O. Molaasses, 120 140 136 m 513 gals, tl 36 16 oo o o o O Ui -*-' o o «.-. OO Bought of Barclay & Livingston 3 boxes white Havana Sugar, 1,323 lbs. 198 lbs. tare. 1,125 lbs. net ^121... $140 62 5 bags Pepper 10 casks Linseed Oil, 120 lbs. -a 8 . 240 gals, n 1 12-| 9 60 270 00 E. 18 — " Bought of Jonathan Jones, Boston, 10 Ws. No. 1 Mackerel, ^ 7 621 $76 25 10 bis. No. 3 Mackerel, e3 81i---- o8 7o Shipping expenses ^ 103 296 36 184 68 420 22 116 60 $ 1,700 67 1 tfii '1, ;! I !f '! A ! it I- ! I I II I ; i i I • > NEW YORK, MAY ^G, 1859. Bought of C. Huntington p, 5 ceroons Cuba Tobacco, 543 lbs. ^> 40 lbs. tare. Brought $ 1,100 67 At CO days. 503 lbs. net €) 16 (( E. Bought of John Stevens 11 bis. Whiskey, 32i gals. 311 321 33 331 32 195 195 32 33 32 33 358 gals, e 311 JUNE 3. Bouorht of W. A. Moale, Baltimore. Received per Schr. CheiTy, Capt. Ashton, ^> 150 Virginia Hams, 2,700 lbs. fj 10| $290 25 '< Shipping expenses 3 60 o o O Bought of Hone, Coster, & Co. 20 boxes of Muscatel Eaisins, fD 3 00 $60 00 20 boxes Prunes, IGO lbs. «) 12 19 20 5 casks Currents, 125 lbs. -0 H 13 75 (( E. Bought of Parker, Howard, & Co. 20 bis. N. Y. superfine Flour, O 37i $127 50 20 bis. Indian Meal, tD 4 75 95 00 80 48 112 77 293 75 92 95 222 50 $ 2,503 12 104 E. NEW YORK, JUNE 11, 1859. ~^ Brought $2,503 12 Bought of Alfred Graham 45 firkins New York Dairy Butter, 4,500 lbs. 300 lbs. tare. 4,200 lbs. net -a) 13, 13 ^ Bought of Pettis & Roome 00 Oi 1—1 .O o o o c O 10 boxes white Brazil Sugar, 4,460 lbs. 594 lbs. tare. 3,866 lbs. net tB lOJ. (( a eS Bought of Hogan & Miller 120 boxes of N. Y. Yellow Soap, 3,600 lbs. fD 5i 17 Bought of Barclay & Livingston E. 4 half-pipes Bordeaux Brandy, 250 gals. O 1 30 It E. Bought of Hallet & Brown 2 half-pipes Sherry Wine, 126 gals. -9) 63 ... 1 pipe Port Wine, 120 gals. fD 75 . . . 546 00 396 26 198 00 325 00 $79 38 90 00 169 38 I i $ 4,137 76 105 !!* I! i s r 4 ri E. NEW YOKK, JULY 10, 1859. Bought of Barclay & Livingston 50 bis. New York superfine Flour, ^ 6 50 12 Brought $ 4,13t 76 325 00 Received, to be sold on commission, from George Morris, Newark, 25 bis. dried pared Peaches 29 Bought of Parker, Howard, & Co. E. 10 tierces Bice, 35 cwt. CD 3 15 $131 25 20 bis. Howard-street Flour, fj G 50 130 00 261 25 $ 4,724 01 I Total cost of Merchandise $4,724 01 Balance of Merchandise in store, per Inventory . 500 00 Cost of Merchandise sold 4,224 01 Amount of Sales, from the Sales-Book 4,962 56 Amount of Gain on Merchandise sold 738 55 106 SALES-BOOK. S. & M. 1859. ", ! ' li Note. — This book is designed to save or relieve the Day-Book : all the descriptions of goods sold by us appear first in this book. As the purchaser orders or selects his goods, the articles are enumerated— quantity, quality, and price — in this book ; and from this entry the bill is made out for the purchaser. When the sales in this book are not paid for or settled, they pass from it into the Day-Book, and are marked in the margin — E. (entered.) As the amounts are carried forward from page to page, at the end of this book will be found the total sales of our merchandise. 107 !i^ T ! E. K. E. ij. NE^V YOIIK, MAY 18, 1859. Sold to Charles Siniraoiis 1 cask Linseed Oil, 24 gals, ft 1 37?, $33 00 1 bl. Mackerel, & 4 50 1 bl. Flour, n '25 1 bag Java Coffee, 122 lbs. CO 10 10 52 19 Sold to William Eawreiice 1 lihd. N. 0. Sugar, 1,0G5 lbs. ^ SJ $90 52 1 bag Java Coffee, 121 lbs. il IG 19 3G I bag Laguavra Coffee, 112 lbs. U 10 H 20 4 ])k Flour, " tD 5 25 21 00 22 Sold to W. B. Browu 5 bush. Lisbon Salt, €8 58 $ 2 90 5 boxes Cheese, 113 lbs. n 9 J IG 01 1 bl. Summer Oil, 28 J gals, il GO IG 95 1 bl. Lump Butter, 1G2 lbs. U 13 21 OG 1 hlid. N. O. Molasses, 120 gals, e 40 48 00 2 bis. Lump Butter, 327 lbs. ^15 49 05 23 Sold to Charles Simmons 1 sack fine Salt, U $3 00 5 gals, dry Malaga Wine, U 60 3 00 if Sold to P. S. Thompson 2 bis. supr. Flour, fl 6 50 $13 00 1 cask Winter Oil, 40 gals. U 79 31 GO Sold to Henry Small 1 bag Java Coffee, 116 lbs. Q) 17 $19 72 1 bl.' supr. Flour, '0) 6 00 10 gals, dry Malaga Wine, tp 60 GOO 108 63 27 142 08 153 97 6 00 44 60 31 72 441 64 XKW YOUK, MAY 23, 1859. Q, t. I Bought , JSold to W. S. Christman 1 bl. Lump r>utter, 1G8 lbs. fl) 13 1 hlid. N. 0. Molasses, 140 gals. U 38 4 bis. superfine Flour, il (j 00 $ 441 64 $21 84 , 53 20 . 24 00 ^: 25 Sold to I. Farrington G sacks fine Salt, U 3 00. II Sold to P. S. Thompson K. 1 qr. cask dry ?klalaga Wine, 27 gals. 0) 60. (( Sold to Henry Small '2 bags Laguayra Coffee, 212 lb. CD 12 1 bl. Summer Oil, 28 J gals. -Q) 60 .$25 44 . 16 95 ii r Sold to James Richings 1 bag Java Coffee, 101 lbs. O 16 $16 16 ^2 bis. superfine Flour, -0) 6 50 13 00 1 qr. cask Malaga Wine, 27 gals. ® 75 20 2o i4 bush. Marseilles Salt, ft) 65 2 60 1 bush. Salt, tv -i^ 27 ~ E. 'Sold to Joseph Johnson 1 bl. Lump Butter, 105 lbs. fD 13 $2145 1 bl. Ko. 3 Mackerel, 'G) f jO 1 bl. Whiskey, 321 gds. {h 36 11 iO 2 bis. Flour. 0)6 00 12 00 29 Sold to I. Farrington E. 2 bis. Whiskey, 31^ "^ 64 gals. f() 36 $23 04 3 bis. No. 1 Mackerel, CD 8 12i 24 37 109 99 04 18 00 16 20 42 39 52 47 \ 49 65 47 41 766 80 Pi 111" I I II 1 :! V I- 1:; i I. I ' I f\\\ it if I NKW YOKK, MAY Q9, 1859. E. Sold to W. B. JJrown 2 Young Hyson, 112 lbs. 113 lbs. 225 lbs. 38 lbs. tare. 181 lbs. net {i 60. 31 Brought , $ 7G6 80 E. Sold to James Ricliings 1 box Havana Sugar, 441 lbs. G6 lbs. tare. 375 lbs. net {J 13^ E. E. E. E. E. It Sold to W. S. Christman 1 bag Pepper, 24 lbs. Q) 10 (< Sold to I. Farrington 7 bis. superfine Flour, ^ 6 25 (< Sold to William Lawrence 1 qr. cask Malao-a Wine, 27 gals. fD 60 $16 20 1 cask Winter Oil, 40 gals. fD 80 32 00 JUNE 3. Sold to William Lawrence 10 Yirgiuia Hams, 180 lbs. tD 12 tt — ______————— Sold to James Ricliings 3 bis. Whiskey, 98| gals. ^36 $35 46 10 Virginia Hams, 186 lbs. -8)12 22 32 ! 110 93 50 60 02 43 40 15 48 20 21 60 57 78 1,084 65 E. NEW YOKK, JUNE 3, 1859. 4 Brought $1,084 65 Sold to I. Farrington ^ 1 hhd. N. 0. Molasses, 140 gals. ^38 ^^^0 ' 1 chest Young Hyson, 109 lbs. fD 50 54 50 1 bag Pepper, 24 lbs. U 2 40 5 Yi^ginia Hams, 80 lbs. U IH ^^ ^^j ii E. Sold to R. Jessup 4 casks Linseed Oil, 96 gals. CD 1 15 _ — 6 B. Sold to R. Jessup 3 bis. Whiskey, 98| gals, ti) 35 $34 47 5 boxes Muscatel Raisins, 1 cask Currents, 32 lbs. e 3 25 16 25 fj 121 4 00 12* (( E. Sold to P. S. Thompson 160 lbs. {Om $20 00 117 gals. -0)374 43 87 65 gals. ^36 23 40 24 lbs. U 9 2 16 0) 8 25 1 bl. Lump Butter, 1 hhd. Molasses, 2 bis. Whiskey, 1 bag Pepper, 1 bl. No. 1 Mackerel, <( E. Sold to Henry Small 10 Yirginia Hams, 181 lbs. ^1? $23 53 5 boxes Muscatel Raisins, ^ 3 2Di lb ^1 Sold to Joseph Johnson 1 bl. No. 3 INIackerel, E. 1 bl. N. Y. Flour, 1 bl. Indian Meal, u ft) It $4 25 . 6 75 . 4 75 Sold to John Stevens 5 Yirginia Hams, 84 lbs. U U $11 ^6 E. 2 boxes Muscatel Raisins, 0) 3 50 2 boxes Prunes, Ol 50 00 00 111 120 10 110 40 54 n 97 68 39 80 15 15 21 76 1,544 86 ; ! I 11 hH ,1 i J il } . s J'. ' ! ! *i S 1 i' 1 box white Brazil Sugar, 430 lbs. 'S) 11 J i( 66 80 49 45 ^ Sold to Richard Jessup E. 15 Yirginia Hams, 252 lbs. ^ 13 E. E. E. (( Sold to W. S. Christman 1 box white Brazil Sugar, 406 lbs. tO HJ 12 boxes N. Y. Yellow Soap, ^ 1 95 1 cask Currants, 25 lbs. U 12 5 boxes Prunes, 40 lbs. {fj 15 .$46 69 . 23 40 . 3 00 . 6 00 19 Sold to William S. Christman 4 bis. Indian Meal, ^ 4 50 1 ceroon Cuba Tobacco, 100 lbs. iD 18| .$18 00 . 18 50 (< Sold to James Richings 20 gals. Bordeaux Brandy, CD X 40 $28 00 20 gals. Port Wine, ® 80 16 00 (( Sold to Richard Jessup E. 1 box white Brazil Sugar, 380 lbs. ^ 11 (( Sold to William Lawrence 1 ceroon Tobacco, 102 lbs. Cfi l^ $17 85 E. 30 gals. Bordeaux Brandy, ® 1 40 42 0^ 8 113 32 76 79 09 36 50 44 00 41 80 59 85 2,390 26 ! •Il jlf' n ' ii'i TW R hi I k ; If i i 7 V*. E. E. E. E. E. NEW YORK, JUNE 21, 1859. Sold to Alfred Graliam 1 box white Brazil Sugar, 8 ])oxes Yellow Soap, Brought 80 lbs. e 111 $43 70 240 lbs. «) tU 1^ 60 3.- <( Sold to P. S. Thompson 1 ceroon Cuba Tobacco, 97 lbs. iD 17i $10 97 20 gals. Sherry Wine, €8 70 14 00 li Sold to Henry Small 1 box Brazil Sugar, 334 lbs. {0 12 $40 08 20 gals. Bordeaux Brandy, e 1 40 28 00 13 gals. Sherry Wine, Sold to W. B. Brown 15 gals. Bordeaux Brandy, 15 gals. Sherry AVine, 15 gals. Port Wine, Sold to C. C. Marsh 2 gals. Brandy, 2 gals. Sherry Wine, 2 gals. Port Wine, 4 Virginia Ilaras, GO lbs. 1 bl. Flour, ^D 1 00 13 00 > ilVJl. May 22, " 30, " 30, June 5, " 5, " 15, " 15, '' 10, " 16, " 30, " 30, July 2, <( 2, 6, " 15, " 18, 1 859 1 William Lawrence , W. B. Brown . . . , P. S. Thompson . , I. Farrington . James Ricliings. . , P. S. Thompson . , Henry Small . . . , R. Jessup , I. Farrington . James Richings . . W. S. Christman . . Henry Small P. S. Thompson . , Charles Lawrence, John Sims , W. A. Moale C. Huntington 118 RLCEIVABLE Y.'IIO.SE rAYOP.. Smith & Marsh. tt 11 .l. May 11 ii 29 tt 30 June 6 n 25 July 4 E. E. New York, July 31, 1859. Smith & Marsh, Per John Sims. Note. — Accounts-Current are drawn from the accounts of the persons in the Lcgcr, with reference to the Day- Book for particulars. An Account-Current is intended to supply the person with whom you have husiness, with a copy from your books as far as relates to him, so that he may know what is the result of the business that has been transacted be- tween you and him, according to your books. These accounts are usually exchanged twice a year, and also whenever cir- cumstances require. Interest is allowed or not allowed, ac- cording to the nature of the business and understanding be- tween the parties. When interest is calculated, it must bo from the dates on which the sums are due, down to the time the account is made out. One or two pages of a sheet of letter-paper are suitable for the ruling of the account. I M EUCANTILE FORMS. 123 Current w iTH Smith & Marsh Or leGO. May (( 25 For Cash 2G '' Merchandise ® three months, per Bill received. June 1 "I (( Cash, §200 00 112 77 300 00 Dollars 612 11 n 1S59. July 3 1 ^^ov Balance brought down $ 55 24 I I NoTE.-Thcre are three different ways of making out Ac- counts-Current, viz :— 1st. Without interest. 2d. With interest. 3d. By averaging, in order to show when the balance of the account is due . The above is of the first kind. It is merely an explana- tion of Air. Stevens' account as it stands in our Legcr. The particulars are obtained by reference to the Day-Book. I { It' 1 1 •I- i ll >v i i I J 124 Dr. MERCANTILE F O R ISl S . Calvin Huntington in Account 1859. ! June 1 For our Note fD 60 ds., due Aug. 9 * $ 80 48 " It " Cash, loan 44 $ 2 93 400 00 July 27 " Mdse. — Invoice to Charles- ton $3n.oo 10% advance 31.10 4 28 414 70 " 31 " Balance of Interest, -0) 6%.. . ^ qa 3 21 896 44 Dr. • See explanatory Note on page 12(». Wm. a. Moale. Baltimore, in Account 1859. June 19 For Amt. of your Draft ft) 10 days sight, July 2d, 1859 29 " 26 For Amount of Bill Merchandise per your order 35 July 31 For Balance of Interest on this ac- count, ^ 6 % 97 $ 200 00 3 46 4 43 593 62 92 843 75 E. E. New York, July 31, 1859. Siniii & Marsh, Per John Sims. MERCANTILE FORMS. Current with Smith & Marsh. 125 Cr. 1859. May 26 For Merchandise €) CO days, per Bill received fune 27 " J. Jones's Draft at sight, yr. favor luly 31 " Balance of Inst, in red from Dr. " " " Balance of Interest E. E. New York, July 31, 1859. SiHTH & Marsh, Per John Sims. 3 4 $ 80 48 34 $ 1 79 316 60 12 - 1 26 3 21 896 44 \ i Current with Smith & Marsh Cr. 1859. June July << ti 3 For Merchandise, per your Bill of this date 8 For Amt. of our Draft fi) 10 ds. sight, due per advise July 23, 1859. 18 For Amount of your Draft ® 3 days ! sight, due July 24, 1859 31 Balance of Interest I \ 1 i 186'J. July 31 For Balance due this date 58 $ 2 84 $ 293 75 20 92 4 43 150 00 400 00 843 75 49 21 I ill iv pi ,H I . I it 12G 18SA May Vi I I H I i 138 MKJICANTILE CALCULATIONS. Example 2. — What is the commission at 5 per cent, on $10,311.50? Ans. $518.57J $1037.15.00 commission at 10 per cent. Divide by 2) 518.57.50 (< at 5 per cent. ExAiiPLE 3.— What is the commission at 2| per cent, on $561.50? Ans. $14.03|. $56.15.00 commission at 10 per cent. ^ Divide by 4; 14.03.75 " at 2 1 per cent. Example 4.— What is the commission on $980.40 at 7 J per cent.? Ans. $73.53. $98.04.00 commission at 10 per cent. Divide by 2) 2) 49.02.00 24.51.00 73.53.00 at 5 per cent, at 2^ per cent. at 7| per cent. INSUKANCE. Example 1. — What must be paid to insnre $5,000 at IJ per cent.? Ans. $75. Instruction. — 5000 times 1^ cts., or multiply by 1? and divide by 100. Example 2. — What must be paid to insure $5,620 at 2 per cent., cover- ing the insurance or premium and policy $1.25 ? — Ans. $115.97. Instruction. — Covering the premium means to get the cost of insurance insured, so that if the goods are lost, you do not lose anything. In this cal- culation you multiply the amount by 100, and divide by 100, less the rate of insurance. Thus — $5620.00 1.25 policy. 100 5621.25 2 100 98) 562125.00(5735.97 5620.00 $115.97 Qties.— What amount do you get insured ? Ans, The policy will be drawn for $5,735.97. ; MERCANTILE CALCULATIONS. 139 Example 3.— What amount must the policy be drawn for, to secure $660.50, including policy $1.25, at 2 J- per cent. ? And what must be paid to the insurance company? A71S. Policy drawn for $678.72 ; pay the com- pany $18.22. $660.50 1.25 policy. 100. 661.75 2.50 100 97.50) 66175.00 (678.72 660.50 18.22 EQUATION OF PAYMENTS. By equation of payments we ascertain the time when several sums due at different times, may be paid in one payment, so that neither the payer nor receiver will gain in time. The proof is obtained through interest; for whatever interest would be produced by the circumstances previous to the equation, sliould also be produced after the equation. To prove the equation in the first example that follows, find the mterest on the sums that precede the equated time (21st May) for the days that each precedes, and also the interest on those that succeed that time ; and these two amounts of interest should be equal. The remainders will gen- erally prevent the operation from proving to a fraction. Example 1.— Sold merchandise to H. Austin, as follows ; when is the whole due in one payment? — Ans. May 21. May 6, bill of $50 " 9^ " 75 "15^ " .: 80 "27, " 120 "30, " 150 Instruction.— Multiply each sum by its number of days from the first sum, and divide the amount of the products by the amount of the original sums. Thus — $50 X = 75 X 3 = 225 80 X 9 ^ 720 120 X 21 — 2520 150 X 24 = 3600 475 -L- t065 r=: 15 days nearly. The above quotient is 15 days from M:iy 6 ; tlio ans\v(M- i>^ May 21. I M 3 ' •i] 140 MERCANTILE CALCULATIONS. Example 2. — Sold merchandise to P. Harris as follows : when is the amount due in one payment ? — Ans. June 7. May 10, bill of $40 00 " 15, " 65 38 " 27, " 90 50 " 30, " 120 40 June 6, " 50 20 " 20, " 110 90 '' 25, " 148 00 Instruction. — Multiply each sum by its number of days from the first sum, as in the preceding example ; the cents may be omitted in the calcu- lation. The quotient will be 27 nearly, which is 27 days from May 10 ; the answer is June 7. Example 3. — Sold merchandise to James Truman as follows : when is the amount due ? — Ans. December 9. May 20, bill at 6 months $120 "25, " 6 " 310 June 6, " 6 " 150 "16, " 6 " 270 "25, " 6 " 340 Instruction.— The answer to this question is obtained by the same pro- cess as in the previous question, with this difiference only — the amount is due sLx months after the equated time. Thus — 120 X == 310 X 5 =:= 1550 150 X 16 = 2400 270 X 26 = 7020 340 X 35 ~ 11900 1190 -^ 22870^=19. The quotient is 19 days from May 20, which is June 9 ; this is the date at which the six months commences, therefore the answer is Dec. 9. Example 4. — Suppose the following sums to be on the Dr. side of John Stevens, account, when is the total due ? 1869. May 11, Cash $50 00 '' 29, Our Note, due Aug. 29, '59 112 77 " 30, Cash 150 00 June 6, Merchandise, per Bill rendered 21 76 " 25, Merchandise, " " 23 00 July 4, J. Jones' Draft at sight 200 00 Total 557 53 Instruction. — Multiply each sum by the number of days in which it MERCANTILE CALCULATIONS. 141 will be due from and after the first date (May 11), and divide the amount of the products by the total ; the quotient will be so many days after May 11. Thus— 50 X — 113 X 110 — 12,430 150 X 19 — 2,850 22 X 26 — 572 23 X 45 =^ 1,035 200 X 54 — 10,800 558 -^ ) 27,687 (49 days after May 11 = June 30. Ans. Total, $557.53 ; due June 30, '59. Example 5. — It has become very much the custom to average accounts, and thereby to show whm the balance is due, instead of calculating inter- est on each sum and making a balance due at the time the account is made out. When is the balance of the following account due ? Dr. John Paul in Acer, with Smith & Marsh. Cr. 1859. May IBfiO. For Merchdse. at 6 raos., due Nov. 4, '59 ".ilnnce due Mar. 12, '60. $600 GOO 00 00 $200 00 1859. Sept Dec. 1 31 For Cash Balance due March 12, '60 1 $400 200 600 00 00 00 Rule. — Always calculate from the date of the larger side — calling that the debt, and the other side a payment on account of it. Multiply the amount of the small side by the number of days that intervene between its date and the date of the larger side, and divide the product by the balance of the account ; the quotient will be the number of days before or after the date on which the larger side is due. Calculation — $400 64 The days that intervene. The Balance. .$200 ) 25,600 128 . .days after Nov. 4, equal to Mar. 12, '60. If the payment is made before the debt is due, the balance will be due after the debt was due ; and vice versa. Ill this case the payment ($400) was made 64 days before the debt of $600 was due ; therefore the balance has to run 128 days after Novem- ber 4, and becomes due March 12. M I' ii i ! . I t ;; ! It 142 MERCANTILE CALCULATIONS. i! ' I Example G. — When an account contains several sums, each side must be averaged separately, so as to fix a date to the amount of each side ; the case will then be like Example 5. When is the balance of the following account due ? Dr. [From the Leger— folio 5.] John Stevens in Acct. with Smith & Marsh. Cr. 1869. May u June July July 11 id 30 6 25 For Cash For our Note, due Aug. 29, 'od For Cash For ^lerchandise, por Bill For Merchandise, per Bill -1 For J. Jones's Dratt,at si't 31 Total due June 30 Balance due April 13, '59 $ 50 112 150 21 23 200 557 55 612 00 77| 00 76' oo| 00 53 24 77 1859. May June 25 26 17 1869. July 31 For Cash For Merchdse. at 3 inos., due August 29, '59.. For Cash Total due June 23 $200 112 300 (J 1 2 Balance due April 13, '59 612 $ 55 00 77 00 77 76 24 Instruction. — Each side of the above account must be averaged sepa- rately (as in Example 4), which reduces the account to the condition of Example 5. The totals fall due as above — June 30 and June 23. Now the question is, when is the balance of the account due ? EuLE. — Always calculate from the date of the larger side— calling thai the debt, and the other side a payvient on acwunt of it. Multiply the amount of the smaller side by the number of days that intervene between its date and the date of the larger side, and divide the product by the balance of the account ; the quotient will be the number of days hefore or after the date on which the larger side is due. Calculation — $557 7 days that intervene. The Balance 55)3,899(71 days before June 23 — equal to April 13, 1859. The payment or$557 was made 7 days after the debt of $612 was due; therefore the balance averages due 71 days before June 23. XoTE. — If an account-current were made out with interest calculated on each sum of the account up to the date on which the balance averages due, the Dr. and Cr. interests would equal ; because at that date the balance is due and no interest arises to either party. finis. MAIiSirS WORKS ON BOOK-KEEPING. The publishers solicit attention to this series of works on Book-Keep* ing, believing them to possess the following peculiar and valid claims to the consideration of all who feel interested in a branch of knowledge of such growing importance as that of Accounts, 1st. They are complete and original works. 2d. They present a new and simple theory of the science of Double-En- try Book-Keeping, substituting one practical rule in journalizing, and discarding numerous rules and divisions with which the science has been encumbered for centuries. 3d. The explanations contained in the works are very full, and are so ar- ranged as to follow and direct the learner or reader in all the opera- tions connected with a set of books. 4th. The works embrace complete and better routines of business and mercantile affairs than any works on the subject heretofore published. 5th. The contents of the works are arranged so as to form a regular course of practice for the student to pass through. 6th. They are printed in colors, red and black, so as to show the balancing entries, lines, &c., in red as in good practice in the counting-house. 7th. They are gotten up in a style far superior to any others on the sub- ject in the world, and at the same time they cost no more than others of equal magnitude. I. THE SCIENCE OF DOUBLE-ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING, SIMPLIFIED BY THE APPLICATION OF AN INFALLIBLE RuLE FOR Journalizing ; calculated to insure a complete knowledge of the Theory and Practice of Accounts, being a series of well-selected mer- cantile transactions ; including numerous examples of mercantile cal- culations, and an Original Diagram, showing the relation the account- books bear to each other. By C. C. Marsh. Octavo, printed in colors, 232 pages. Bound and gilt, price, $1.50. This work contains a complete and beautiful set of Account-Books and Mercantile Forms, all printed in colors (showing the balancing entries and lines in red, as in practice), and about 100 pages of familiar explanations, dated to apply directly to every entry and transaction in the account-books before mentioned. These elucidations are so arranged that they, like an attentive teacher, attend on, follow, and direct all the operations connected with a set of account-books from the opening to the closing of the same. The Mercantile Calculations embrace examples in Discount and Inter- est, Insurance, Equation of Payments, Exchanges, &c. The work has a copious Index, and is admirably adapted for private instruction as well as for schools and teachers. >' i 1 'J n i t II. LA CIENCIA DE TENEDURIA DE LIBR08 SIMPLIFI- CADA poii LA Aplicacion de una Regla Infalible, etc. Por C. C. Marsh. Precio, Sl.oJ). The above is a translation of the preceding work into the Spanish lan- guage. Published in same style. III. A COURSE OF PRACTICE IN SINGLE ENTRY BOOK- KEP^PING, IMPROVED BY A PrOOF OR BALANCE AND APPLIED TO Partnership Business ; comprising a series of mercantile transactions arranged to form a course of practice, adapted to the wholesale and retail business in the United States. By C. C. Marsh. Octavo, 142 pages, printed in colors. Price, $1. This work embraces a complete set of books filled with a great variety of business, and a thorough course of instruction in keeping books by Sin- gle Entry, and balancing and in closing the same ; making balance sheets, calculating profits and losses, and in dividing or apportioning the capital between partners. The course of practice through which the student is conducted by progressive steps, embraces more than one hundred good business transactions which are disposed of in a complete set of account- books. The work has a copious Index, and will be found perfectly clear to the adult reader. IV. CURSO PRACTICO DE TENEDURIA DE LIBROS POR PARTIDA SENCILLA, con la majora de un Balance- Prueba, etc. Impresion de colores. Por C. C. Marsh. Octavo, 144 pages. Precio $1.50. This is a translation of the preceding work into the Spanish language. V. BLANK BOOKS IN SETS FOR PRACTICE IN BOOK- KEEPING, with Instructions. Six books to the set. Arranjred by C. C. Marsh. Cap size, price per set, $1. A very neat and appropriate set of Blank Books for pupils in Book- Keeping, adapted to Marsh's works on Double and Single Entry Book Keeping. VL THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF BANK BOOK-KEEP ING, AND Joint Stock Accounts ; Exemplified and Elucidated in a Complete Set of Account-Books, Printed in Colors, arranged in accordance with the Principles of Double Entry, and embracing the Routine of Business from the Organization of a Company, to the Declaration of a Dividend, with all the Forms and Details, and an Original Diagram. By C. C. Marsh. This is the first and only work j)ubli8hed in this country or in Europe, exemplifying Book-Keeping in Banks and Joined Stock Companies. Sec- ond edition, 1 vol., quarto, 292 pages. Bound and gilt, published in the best style. Price $4. D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 34G and 348 Broadway, New York. *,? I ^ f ; ^?ltl/in?.!l?;,H^.',yf "SITY LIBRARIES 0044258623 msHooSos MAR 011994 to O ki- END OF TITI P— III Biiiiiii ■^■■111