MASTER NEGA TIVE NO. 91-80188-11 >nCROFILMED 1991 COLUMBIA UNI\'\ERSrTY LffiRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foiindations oi Western Civilization Presentation Project** Funded bv the XATIOX -\L EXDOWAENT FOR THF HLXI.AXITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia Universitv Library COPYRIGHT STATEIvlENT The copyright lavv of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materiaL.. Columbia University Library reser\^es the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve \iolation of the copvrieht law. AUTHOR: ENGLMANN, LORENZ TITLE : LATIN EXERCISES IN ETYMOLOGY. K JLjjljL \^ mJj » [BEATTY, PA.] DA TE : 1887 COLUMHIA UNIVliRslTV IJOR ARIES !'RnSiiR\'ATION Dili'ARTMHNF Bill i I () ( ; RAPHICMICRC WORM 'FA R GET M^^ier Negative # Original MaltMia! .\s laiiiital - iaxistnu; iMiAunir^iphic Ixeccnaj o "-^ • 2 Enflniarin, Loreriz, a. inai. ^■''^~'f ^•var(A>. = s m ^'lyimAnixx . A'-.-oniiFHr in f>r. reD.v iMii^hnariiK ^M }.y r';Aiuriis!iiiAS.nn.^.a.:. [Beaaiy. Pa.^ 8t. \'iiiciaaPi!a,ov, ^I'^s;, a ^330 p. 21^"^ \-!n I ai\v~ s. a. Restricfaoiis am Use: a a,;di-: ■,:.:ini ■""'*.'' ^ ' ■ I : , • ■; • £ . V t, r - . a-S. I. Sdiiieider, Augii-^ IjlTarv ,,( {\, 'Aa'f ss ■ J. .;.,.' » .) / !•: ^4 1887 '^^'^ i^ -"--^ aa '/) — ^»- TFCHNICAF MR/Rl u(,)RM AA FA {ARHKAIDA lAA TK J: lj_ I-n.M SIZE: 3.5 '^ (^ IMACii FFAt'IAII^NTnA 'lIA 11? ill! DATl-: Fli.Mi;i):*«IW(lW«*?«WtJ«»«^W"«»fc*»»S'#>!W*'**fs I.I 1.25 i 3 4 1^ 1 2.8 2.5 ■ 5^ il |» |3.2 2.2 ■ 63 1^ 1^ ■- |4.0 ■ 90 Hs^E 2.0 I& »i u GiUu 1.8 1.4 1.6 12 13 14 15 mm I i 5 f MflNUFPCTURED TO fillM STflNDflRDS BY fiPPLIED IMAGE, INC. / •-■ .'.^ \y^ ^:,^^^ .' '"'ft -It - l' ■? ■ .A. ■?} ,. ■.%'^ = t> n .z z-n^ (Eitlutttbis Uttfwmttg ^ttlv^ Cttitttsatxin aIt|omaa BORN 1835-DIEO 1903 FOR THIRTY YEARS CHIEF TRANSLATOR DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, D. C. LOVER OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE HIS LIBRARY WAS GIVEN AS A MEMORIAL BY HIS SON WILLIAM S. THOMAS, M. D. TO COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY A. D. 1905 Latin E \ I I -1, T "\ \ \ I N h \ IN HTYMnLoCY. ACC()K1)1N<' TO PROF. LAWREN'CE ENGLMANN, KPITF.D BY r. AUGUSTINE SCHNEIDER, O. S. B. ST. VINCENT ABBEY 1887. f. i I - TO THK MOST RKV. PATRICK JOHN RYAN, Entered according to Art of t <.ii^r<:>>, -ii the i ;tli day «>f May, m the year 1887. by P. AU(;UsriNE SCHNKini-K. At the office of the Libr.uiaii of Conuios, \\'.i«.hiii-ton. I). C. Akcnr.isnoi^ oi-^ I'niLAuiaj'HiA. pa., THIS EXERCISE-BOOK IS. A) I'l.KMISSlO.X, MOST RESPECTFULLY AND GRA TEiri.l. ) Dl-P/Ci Tl D 390925 PREFACE. The classical prose composition taught by IVofcssor i:n<'invinn's Latin Grammar has ahcady, years ago, been ta\c;r.ibly receixed and honorably acknowledged by the most prominent philologists. The grammar, however, would be a mere skeleton, were it not for his congenial Kxercise books accompanying the same. These, at its side, promote in beginners a practical facility in acquiring a thorough knowledge of Latin from its very etxniology. This rational way of pursuing the study of any lan- guage, is almost in.dispensable; but, for a classical training, it becomes absoUituK' necessar\^ The exami)les collected within this book, were carefully selected and adapted to the arrangement and design of the «»rammar to which it is a complement. The original author kept both languages apart; but, in this volume, 'on the advice of men of profession, the Latin and iMvdish are interwoven. This somewhat increases its size; \'et. to obviate its becoming voluminous, all unneces- sarv L-rammatical detail was carefully avoided. Thus, too, the attention is neither divided, nor the mind C(onfused. and the student, besides, derives the great advantage of becom- ing- acciuainted with oulv one grammar, according to the adaoe of the wise: "virum unius libri timeo." In view of such precaution and care, it is confidently hoped that this volume will \ield to qualified beginners in Latin a good foundation for a thorough classical education. SI. \iN( HNT Abbfy, March 21, 1SS5. COK/I ^ ^ PART I. The Latin letters and their pronunciation Capital Initials . . - - Division of words into syllables - - - The words or parts of speech Number and case - - - - - First Declension . - - - Gender __---- Second Declension . - - - Adjectives of the Second Declension Esse . - . - - Exceptions to the general rules of the Second Declension Vocative of the Second Declension Amo - Third Declension . . . - Adjectives of the Third Declension - - - Personal and Possessive Pronouns Exceptions to the Gender— rules of the Third Declension Fourth Declension . . . - Fifth Declension . . - - - Miscellaneous Exercises on the Declensions Comparison of Adjectives - - - - Verbs . . - - - Numerals . . . - - Pronouns - - - - - The First Conjugation . . - - The Second Conjugation ... The Fourth Conjugation . - - - The Third Conjugation _ - - Inceptive Verbs - - - - - Deponents of the First Conjugation Deponents of the Second Conjugation Deponents of the Fourth Conjugation Deponents of the Third Conjugation Infinitive _.---• PAGE. 5 6 6 6 7 8 lO II 17 21 28 29 30 33 46 52 54 6r 65 68 73 77 82 84 89 97 105 III 139 140 141 143 145 149 Vlll CONTENTS. Possum Semi-Deponents Accusative with Infinitive Future Participle Gerund - Present Participle Perfect Participle Periphrastic Conjugation Miscellaneous Exercises Irregular Verbs Defective Verbs - Impersonal Verbs Miscellaneous Exercises PART II. Selections from Ancient Mythology Aesopic Fables Short Tales Roman History - Aesopic Fables Stories - - - History of the Assyrians From Grecian History Vocabulary -Latin Words Vocabulary— English Words PAGE. 151 152 153 154 156 157 158 159 161 169 177 179 180 ] \ A LOOY. 186 190 197 203 226 232 249 253 261 316 §1. The letters of the Latin language are : A a i ( a as in far. 1 .1 as ill what. N n B b fo as in old. 1 6 as in form. C c P P D d g q •E e f e as in late. 1 gas in let. R r F f s s G H g h T U t u f u as in rule. 1 u as in pull. I • 1 ( i as in pique. V V \lSiS in pick. J K • J k X Y X y f y as in pique, t y as in pick. L 1 z z M m § 2. The vowels are: a, e, t, o, u and y; and the dipthongs; ae, oe, au and eu Two dots placed above the e, signifies that ae and oe are not dipthongs, but that each vowel is to be pronounced separately, as in aer.poeta. This sign is called the diaeresis. § 3. Respecting the pronunciation of the consonants the follow- ing must be observed : I We pronounce r, before e, i.yCly, ae, oe and eu like our ts, as, cervus, Cicero, Cyrus, caelum, coetus ; but before a, ^ «, and before consonants, it has the sound of k, as casa, copia, cura, darus, 2. We pronounce //, before a vowel, like zi, provided it is not preceded by s, t, or x, as, nuntius. 3. We pronounce qu, like kw, as, aqua. 4. \\ c pronounce sch, like sk, as, schola^ 5. We pronounce v, like v, as, vivo. ETYMOLOGY. §4. Every word is written as it is spoken. Capital initials are used : 1. At the beginning of a sentence. 2. In proper names and also in adjectives and adverbs derived from them. § 5. With regard to the division of syllables, the following is to be observed: 1. A consonant wliich stands between two vowels, belongs to the latter, as in ce-na, sa-.xutn. 2. If there is a double consonant, one belongs to the former, and the other to the latter syllable. 3. If there are two or more unlike consonants, then they are treated as in the following words : Al-pcs, fiil-men, pul-chrum, sovi- niis, nm-bra^ tt'in-p/inn, am-pliis, men-sa, pin-guis, lin-tres^ Jir-nius, mag-nus, tec-tum, vo-liip-tas, a-gri, tem-pe-stas, ves-per, dis-ci-pu-his, prosper, fii-gro, the-a-trmn, via-gi-stra, pu-bh-cus. § 0. 1. Vowels are short (-), or long (-), as, dqua^ dra, aquHa. 2. A vowel is short when it is followed by another vowel, as, bestla. The words or parts of speech of the Latin language are: 1. Substantive; :i?>, paier, the father. 2. Adjective; as, bonus, good. 3. Numeral ; as, Ires, three. 4. Pronoun ; as, ego, I. 5. Verb ; as, a}fio, I love. 6. Adverb; as, hodie, to-day. 7. Preposition; as, ad, to. 8. Conjunction ; as, et, and ; quod, because. 9. Interjection ; as. heu ! oh ! alas ! A substantive or an adjective receiving different terminations, is said to be declined, but a verb to be conjugated. FIRST DECLENSION. 8. The number is either: i. siii^uiar, as, the table; or 2. plural, as, the tables. In Latin there are six cases, namely: 1. The XoiiiiTiitivo, answering the questions: Who? What? — the table, tnc lauies. 2. The Genitive, answering the questions : WJiose? Of whom? Of what? — of the table, of the tables. 3. The l>ai;vp, answering the questions: To whom? For whom or What? — to or for the table, to or for the tables. 4. The \r. II ,f.i', answering the questions: Whom? What?— . the table, the tables. 5. The \iK.iii\t is used in exclamations or direct address: O table ! O mafi! 6. The Ablative, answering the questions: By, From, In and With, Whom or What? When? By Which? § 0. In Latin there are five declensions. These are distinguished by the termination of the g-eiiitlve Kni-ui -r. The termination being dropped, the root remains. FIRST DECLENSION. 1 1 The iioiiilnati ^ * -iiigrular of words of the first declension ends in a, and the giUiii^e in ae. Singular. Nom. a. uicns-a, a table. Gen. ac. mcns-ac, of a table. Dat. ac. mcns-ac, to a table. Ace. dm. mcns-am, a table. Voc. d, mens-a, O table ! Abl. a, ;;/r;/J-^, from a table. Plural. ae, incns-ae, tables. anwi. mcns-ariim, of tables. is. mcns-is, to or for tables. as. mcns-ds, tables. ae. mcns-ac, O tables ! is. mcns-is, from tables. 8 FIRST DECLENSION. § 11- The Latin language has no article : mensa, therefore, can mean, table, the table, or a table. Vocabulary. I. Besiia, ae, a beast ; aquVa, an eagle; ciconia, a stork ; coliimba, a dove ; formica, an ant; rdna, a frog; simia, an ape; vaccdf 2l cow. 2. Of a beast. For beasts. Of beasts. For an eagle. . From an eagle. The storks. A dove. The doves. From ^ ants. Of ants. O frogs ! Of apes. From apes. From a cow. Of a cow. The cows. Vocabulary. 3. Ala, a wing; aqua, water; dra, an altar: aur'iga, a driver; bdca, a berry; barba, a beard; cUsa, a hut ; causa, a cause; coena, a meal ; copia, a multitude, abundance. 4 r I ving. For wings of an eagle. For water. I 1 0111 water. )! an altar. Fhe altars. O driver! O drivers! The berries. i iic meal of the drivers. The beards of apes. From huts. Of huts. Ohuts! From causes. The causes. From the berries. O meals of the drivers ! From the multi- tude of pigeons {columba) and {et) ants. Vocabulary. 5. Corona, crown, garland; cur a, care ; fabti/a, a fable ; feniina, a woman; forma, form, figure ; gerntna, a gem ; gloria, glory ; has la, a lance; hcrba, an herb ; hora, an hour; insula, an island; tra, anger. FIRST DECLENSION. 6. A crown. The cause of the cares. For the cares of drivers. O ye cares of women ! The form of an eagle. From the forms of eagles. A gem. The forms of gems. O glory ! -h The lances. For the herbs. Of the hours. From the hour of the meal. From the hours. The islands. The anger of the drivers. Vocabulary. 7. Lacrhna, a tear; lingua, tongue, language ; luna, the moon ; penna, a feather; planla, plant, vegetable ; poena, a punishment; po'eta, a poet ; porta, a door, gate; praeda, booty ; r'tpa, a bank; For the For the rUtsa, a rose. 8. The tears of women. O tongues of beasts! tongfues of the cows. O moon! The moon, feathers of the eagles. The plants. A punishment. From the punishment. For a poet. The poet. For the poets. From the glory of the poets. From the door of the hut. The booty of the eagles. O (thou) poet! O (ye) poets! For the bank. From the bank. The roses. O roses ! Vocabulary Sagitta, an arrow ; scJiola, a school ; scr'iba, a writer ; silva, a forest ; statu a, a statue ; Stella, a star; tabula, a tablet, slate ; terra, the earth, land ; umbra, a shadow, shade ; Italia, Italy {iva,,2i grape ; via, a road, way ; villa, a country house; vidla, a violet ; vita, life; Roma, ae, Rome ; Athenae, arum, Athens; Eurbpa, Europe; Africa, Africa; 10. The arrows and lances. From the tables of the schools. The tables of the writers. For the writer of the poet. For the writers of the poets. The beasts of the forest. From the plants. The statue of the poet. To the moon and to the 10 FIRST DECLENSION. Stars. The moon and the stars. For the tablets. The school {genit.) iMici. The earth. The lands. The shadow of the forest. A grape. From the abundance of grapes. Of the roads of the forest. For the roads of the lands. The door of the country. The door of the country-house. O (ye) violets! From the life of the frogs. Of the gates of Rome. For the statues of Athens. For the apes of Africa, 1 1 . Coluuiba cst^ pracda aquilac. Coliunbae sunt pracda aqiiilanim. Ranac sunt pracda ciconianun. Vaccae sunt vi^ umbra casac. In siivis sunt hcrbac. Italia est terra Europac. In siivis Africac sunt simiae. Poctae saepe^ sunt in umbra silvanim. In siivis sunt bestiac et plantac. \—Est, he, she or it is ; swtiy Uiey arcl^ 2— 1«, in (with the ablative case ) Z—saepe, often. GENDER. § i-i. All nouns have one of three genders: I. Masculine {inascul'inum)] 2. Feminine {fcmui'inuni)\ 3. Neuter {iieutnon). A substantive is therefore either of the masculine gender ^(rcnh'is mascul'mi)\ of the feminine gender {ge7ih'is fcminim)\ or of the neuter gender {generis ncutrius). The gender of substantives is determined partly by their termina- tion, and partly by their meaning. According to meaning vvitiiout regard to termination, the names of men, nations, rivers, winds and months are geti^ris mascul'ini. The names of women, trees, towns, lands and islands, are gent^ris femin'mi. The gender of all other words is known by their termina- tions. Thus all words in a of the first declension are of the feminine gender {generis fetnmlni); as, mensa, aqiiila. l^OTK. — Oleaster, the wild olive-tree, is generis masctilini ; accr, the maple-tree, is generis neutrius. SECOND DECLENSION. II GENERAL RULES FOR DECLINING. ^, I 1. The vocative is everywhere like tht iioininat!\t , except in the second declension, singular number, where d takes the place o^ us. 2. The neuter nouns of all declensinnc: Vinvp a common form for the noinniative, accusative and \uculi\c and a in the plural for Liic sciiiic cases. 2. The d a I i \'e and n 1 m . i f 1 \ « 1 li > n s ! have always a common form. SECOND DECLENSION. Nouns of the second derl^ncinn end in the uomiiiaiivi: >iii;;u- lar in us or urn and the t'* niiiM^ in / • thp worH^; hi rr nnd /r have no case ending in the isonu ti.ii f ve and \ot:aLivc M!ii:,iilai. Nouns in us and er are generis mascul'ini. Endings. Singular. Nom. fis, fim. Gen. I. Dat. o. Ace. um. Voc. i\ Tim. Abl. o. Singular. Nom. vent-US, the wind. Gen. vent-'i, of the wind. Dat. vent-L\ to the wind. Ace. vent-uniy the wind. vent-i\ O wind ! Plural. Nom. /, a. Gen. onim. Dat. Ace. Voc. Abl. Is. OS, ct. ?, (f. is. Words in ii.-^. Plural. vent-i, the winds. vent-drum, of the winds. vent-'is, to the winds. vent-OS, the winds. vent-i, O \\inds ! Voc Abl. vent-o, by or from the wind, vent-is, from the winds ,^ SECOND DECLENSION. Vocabulary. SECOND DECLENSION. 13 12. Agnus, z, a lamb; dsinus, an ass : camelus, a camel ; cervus, a deer ; connis, a raven ; crocod'iliis, a crocodile ; elephantiis, an elephant; '^quus, a horse ; g alius, a cock ; lupus, a wolf; iaiirus, a bull ; ursus, a bear ; 13. To the lamb. To the lambs. The eagle and the lamb. The eagles and the lambs. From the form of an ass. Of the camel. To the deer. In the forest are deer. From the multitude of deer. O raven ! The elephants. To the horses of the driver. The cock and the hens. ^ The horses of the poet. To the wolves of the forests. The bull and the cow. The bulls and the cows. From the feathers of the ravens and the hens. O bear ! In Africa are crocodiles and apes. \—gallina, a hen. Vocabulary. 14. Animus, the soul, spirit; mind, heart, courage; annus, a year; autumnus, autumn ; avus, grandfather; campus, a field ; caseus, cheese ; cedrus, a cedar ; c^bus, food, nourishment; digitus, a finger; fdgus, a beech ; famfilus, a servant. 15. Of the souls. To the spirit of the poet. The courage of a writer. O ye hours of the year! From the years of an elephant. To autumn. To the grandfather of the writer. The roses and the violets of the field. O grandfather of the poet ! O thou servant ! Vocabulary. 16. Gladius, a sword; mdlus, a mast; hortus, a garden; mMus, a measure; lectus, a bed ; morbus, sickness, disease ; liicus, a grove ; murus, a wall ; ludus, a play ; nidus, a nest ; malus, an apple tree; Humerus, a number. >^ 17. To the swords. The garden of the grandmother.^ The games of the servants. From the bed of the woman. The apple-trees of the garden. The diseases of the horses. From the sickness of the servant. To the walls of Athens. The nests of the storks. From the number of lambs and bulls. The number of stars. l-avia, ae, a grandmother. Vocabulary. 18. Nummus, a coin; fiuniius, a messenger; oculus, the eye; pirus, a pear tree; popiilus, a poplar; pdpulus, a people, nation ; ramUs, a bough, branch; rlvus, a stream, brook; servus, a slave ; socius, a companion, ally; somnus, sleep ; si'icus, sap, juice ; Germdni,-orum, the Germans. 19. The messenger of the driver. To the eyes of the elephants. To the diseases of the eye. From the eyes of the elephants. The pear-tree of the grand-father. The poplar of the streets. To the language of the people. From the eyes of the slaves. From the sickness of the slave. O com- panions ! To the companions of the games. From the number of companions. The sleep of the grandfather and grandmother. The juice of the berries. O allies of the Germans ! 2. WORD^ IN er AND \\\ § 16. The substantives: getter, a step-son; socer, a step-father; Liber, the god of liberty ; puer, a boy ; signifer, an ensign and vesper, the evening star; retain ^ in the genitive, because it belongs to the root. The other substantives in er have e only in the iinfiiiiial ive and voi:uti\e siiitiLilar. In all other cases it is rejected. ^'•: H SECOND DECLENSION. Singular. Norn, piicr, a boy. Gen. pucri, of a boy. Dat. puero, to a boy. Ace. pucrum, a boy. Voe. pucr, O boy ! Abl. piterOy from a boy. dger, a field. agr-l, of a field. agr-d, to a field. agr-iuji, a field. agcr, O field ! agr-d, from a field. Plural. Nom. puer-i, boys. Gen. pucr-onini, of boys. Dat. pucr-'is, to boys. Ace. puer-os, boys. Voc. pHcr-i, O boys ! Abl. piier-is, from boys. rt-^r-/, fields. agr-onun, of fields. agr-'is, to fields. agr-os, fields. rt-^r-Z, O fields ! agr-is, from fields. Singular. Nom. 7'/r, a man. Gen. 77>-7, of a man. Dat. vir-o, to a man. Ace. vir-iun, a man. Voc. vi}\ O man! Abl. vir-o, from a man. • • Plural. vir-i, men. vh'-oniDiy of men. vir-is, to men. vir-os, men. 77;'-/, O men ! 77';'-/.s', from men. Vocabulary. 20. y^/d'r, iz/r/, a boar; cancer, cri, a crab ; caper, pri, a goat ; culter, iri, a knife ; faber, bri, an artisan ; //^r/, a book ; magisler, tri, a teacher; minister, tri, a servant; Alexander, dri, Alexander; liberi, orinn, children. 21. To a boar. The crabs and frogs. From the knives of artisans. The moon and the evening star. The beard of a goat. The knives of boys. O boy ! O boys ! From the SECOND DECLENSION. IS book of a step-father. The step-sons of the poet. The books of a boy. The ensign. The children of the teacher. Alex- ander. P^rom the books of the companions. O book ! The servants of the grandfather. The food of men and women. From the punishment of the artisan. O ye beasts of the forest and field ! From the sword of the man. The man and the woman. The meal of the men and boys. From the food of the boar. The children of the farmer.^ The children of the country-people^ \—agricola, ae. III. Words in um. g i ;, Singular. Plural. Noin. Ace. Voc. ddn-iijn, a gift. don-(t. Gen. don-i. don-onim Dat. & Abl. don-o. don-is. Vocabulary. 22. Argentuin, i, silver; aurum, gold ; belliim, war; brachiiitn, the arm ; caelum, the heaven ; colliim, the neck ; consilium, a plan, resolution, counsel; exempluni, an example; ferrum, iron ; folium, a leaf; lignum, wood. 23. To the silver. Of the gold. The w^ar of the people. The arms of the artisan. The stars of heaven. The heaven. The neck of the storks. The plans of Alexander. The counsels of the teacher. The gifts of the step-father. The examples of war. Of the iron. From the wood of the pear- tree. The leaves. The leaves of the book. i6 SECOND DECLENSION. Vocabulary, 24. Malum, an apple ; metallum, metal ; oleum, oil ; ovum, an egg ; periculum, danger ; pirum, a pear ; praedium, an estate ; praemium, a reward ; pratum, a meadow ; pretium, price, value proelium, a battle ; saxum, a. rock. 25. The metal of the earth. From the oil. The eggs of ili • doves and hens. The dangers of war. The estate and country-house of Alexander. The apples and pears of the gardens. From the reward of the servant. The rewards of thr teachers. The fields and meadows of the step-son. From the water of the meadow. From the value of gold. The price of cedar-wood. To the dangers of war. The battles of the Germans. The rocks of the earth. Vocabulary. 26. Sculum, a shield ; si£-/ium, a sign, standard, mark; spa Hum, space ; studium, zeal ; templum, a temple ; theatrum, theatre; vallum, a rampart, wall ; verbum, a word ; venemun, poison ; vinutn, wine ; vitium, a fault, vice ; sofHuium, a dream ; arma, weapons, arms ; caslra, arum, a camp. 27. The shield and lances. From the space of heaven and earth. The zeal of the scholars\ The temple of (the god i>\ liberty) I iber. O theatre! The words of the teacher. i i ill the poison of plants. O wine! The faults of the farmer's children. The faults of boys. The dreams of boys and girls^. The rampart and camp of Alexander. The Uwvipuiis qI liic Ucrmans From the leaves of the roses. I — discipulus, i • 2—puella, ae. •ADJECTIVES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. I " 28. In rivis simt caficri et ranae. In campo sunt taiiri et vaccae. In sibvis sunt fagi. In Jiortis siait mail et piri. AJri. a est patria^ simianim et camelonim. Agni sunt pracda lupomm. Vita signiferoruni in periculo est. In casa agricolae sunt eqiii et vaccae et asini. Cultri puerortmi et puellarum sunt <: ^rftt| '^^ aviae. In horto avi stint rosae et violae. Hcrbae silvarWfhiui cibus cervonnn. i-patria, ae, the father-land, one's country. ADJECTIVES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. The Adjectives of the second declension end in us, a, vm ■ nq i^,.., bona, boniim, good. The Adjectives in er have in the iioiiiiname niasculini generis no case ending; as miser, niis^ra, rnisirum, wreiciieu, unfortunate, miserable ; dter, alra, atrum, black ; s^lur, however, has satura, saltirum, satiated, full. The forms in us, er, and ur belong to substantives generis masculini; the form in a to substantives generis feminini ; the form in um to substantives getieris neulrius. The forms in us, er, ur and um are declined like substantives of the second declension ; the form in a like substantives of the first declension. 19. Adjectives in u? Singular. N. Bonus, bona, bonum^ G. boni, bonac, boniy D. bono, bonae, bono, A. boniim, bonam, bonuniy V. bone, bona, bonurn, A. bonOy bona, bono. ;l , um. Plural. boni, bonae, bona, bonoruni, bonanim, bonorum bonis, bonis, bonis, bonos, bonas, bo7ia, boni, bonae, bona, bonis, bonis, bonis. i8 ADJECTIVES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. Vocabulary. 29. AcerbuSy a, um, bitter, severe ; albus, white ; altus, high, deep ; ampins, wide, spacious ; ^eais, bhnd ; cams, dear, worthy ; certus, certain, sure ; chlnis, clear, bright, famous ; praeclarus, splendid, excellent; c/audlis, lame ; defisus, thick, dense ; duriis, hard, hard-hearted ; fi'rus, wild ; Jidus, faithful, true ; fir mil s, firm, stea4fast ; foedus, foul, ughj-* grdtus, agree. 1 y//^///5, just ; laeliis, cheerfu Idtiis, broad, wic! longiis, long ; thankful ; . glad 30. Argenteiis, silver, silvery ; aureus, golden ; ferreus, iron ; Hgneus, wooden ; modcstus, modest, decent ; molestus, troublesome ; niagnus, great, large ; iniilus, bad, wretched ; viaiurus, ripe, mature ; minis, wonderful, surprising; mi'itus, mute, silent, dumb ; nbvus, new ; obscurus, dark, obscure ; parvus, small ; pius, pious, devout ; impius, wicked, impious ; pll'jius, full ; prdbus, just, honest ; imprdbus, unjust, wicked ; piirus, pure, stainless; varus, rare ; sdnus, sound, healthy ; sednius, diligent, industrious ; siultus, foolish, silly ; superbus, proud, haughty ; varius, variable, different ; verus, true, proper, right. gloribsus, glorious, famous , periculosus, dangerous, hazardous ; pretibsus, precious, valuable ; umbrbsus, shady, umbrageous ; Romdnus, Roman ; Graecus, Greek, Grecian. § 20. The Adjective agrees with its substantive in gender, number and case. ^^ Hortus parvus or parvus hortus, a small garden. ^ Mensa pari'a or parva mensa, a small table Donum parvum or parvutii domim, a small gift. Pucr parvus or parvus puer, a small boy. -^ Ager parvus or parvus ager, a small field. Fagus lata or lata fag us, a broad beech. Populus alia or alia populus, the high poplar. ADJECTIVES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. 19 Exercise. 31. The severe sickness of the step-son*. O white doves! From the clear water of the streams. The small hut of a driver. The agreeable game of boys. The bright eyes of eagles. The dark causes of war. O proud form of an eagle. The obscure words of the poet. The good field. The high poplars. The broad leaves of the large beech. The dangerous plans of the allies. 32. A faithful slave. From the great praise of the upright man. The hard iron. The dense fore.st. The large number of small brooks. The small fields and small meadows. O great Alexander! The wings of a proud eagle. Much metal of the earth. O excellent gifts of poets! From the great number of swords. The true words of the poet. The various feathers of a proud cock. O large apple-trees of the gardens! The high poplars of the broad streets. t" 33. O renowned men ! The white horses. O bitter grapes! The clear heaven. The dense forests. The hard words. O dark shadow of the dense forest! To the long life of 1:1c elephants. From the broad roads of the forest. The glad tidings of the companions. O silvery moon ! The wicked wars of the people. The excellent example of the grand- father. The leaves of the high pear-tree. From the broad streets of the country. The new temples of Rome. The rare plants of the shady forests. The precious books of ihe teachers. The gates of the Roman camp. •:■ The genitive should always stand either before or after the substantive upon which it depends; as the great praise of the poet, magna gloria poHae or magna po'etae gloria. 20 ADJECTIVES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. Adjectives in er, a^ um. , * J- » The Adjectives asper, rough; laccr, torn; liber, free; miser, wretched ; prosper, prosperous ; teiier, tender, retain the e through all cases. To these we must add the compounds oi fero (I bring) and gero (I bear, carry); as, frugifer, {x\x\\.iM\\ pestifer, pernicious, armiger, armed. But dexter, right (opposite of left) has both forms dextera, dexterum, and dextra, dextriini • All other words reject the e, as sinister, sinistra, sinistrum, left. X miser, G. miseriy P' miserOy A. miscnim, V. miser, A. jfiisero, mis era, miserae, iniserae, miseram, inisera, misera. Singular. misenim, misen, misero, mi serum, misenim, misero y Plurai ater, atri, atro, atrum, ater, atro. atra, atrae, 'atrae, at ram, atra, atra, atrnim^ atri, atro, atnim, atnim, atro. IC miseri, miserae, viisera, atri, atrae, atra, G. miserorum, miserarum, miseromm, atronim, atraram, atrorimiy D. miseris, miseris, miseris, atris, atris, atris, \ ^aseros, niiseras, misera, atros, atras, atra, \ . miseri, miserae, misera, atri, atrae, atra, A. miseris, miseris, miseris, atns, atris, atris. Vocabulary. 34. Aeger, aegra, aegrum, sick ; creber, bra, ; v/^/, frequent ; integer, gra, grnni, whole, safe • m&cer, era, > . \-:an, thin ; nlger, gf I i:r!an., black; p'iger, gra, grtim, idle, lazy ; i)np)ger, diligent, active ; piilcher, chra, ehrum, beautiful ; rfiber, bra, brum, red ; s&cer, era, crum, sacred, holy ; vti/er, fra, /rum, sly, crafty. ESSE. 21 35. Animus asper or asper animus, a hard heart. Silva asp era or asper a silva, a rough forest. Saxum asperum or asperum saxum, a rugged rock. Equus pulcher or pulcher equus, a beautiful horse. Ager pulcher or pulcher ager, a beautiful field. Forma pulchra or pulchra forma, a beautiful form. Pratum pukhrum or pulchrum pratum, a beautiful meadow. Laurus pulchra or pulchra laurus, a beautiful laurel-tree. 36. A lazy ass. O lazy asses ! The tender violets. From the unhappy life of artisans. The fruitful acres of land. The tender plants of the gardens. Of the black horses. The red roses of the garden. The idle boys. The great reward of the diligent servant. From the beautiful knife of the boy. The large number of red roses. The lean bulls. The sacred temple. The left shore of the brook. 37. To the beautiful apple-tree. The leaves of the beauti- ful beech-trees. The lean cows of the driver. O lazy boy ! O lazy boys ! The right eye of the sick boy. The faithful step-son of the sick grandfather. The left wing of the eagle. O sacred altars of the beautiful temple^' O faithful com- panion of the step-father! The frequent and pernicious wars of nations. The frequent faults of the lazy boys. l^^^iiy iti be. Present Tense. Indicative Mood. Subjunctive Mood. Sing, sum, I am. Sing, sim, I may or can be. * es, thou art. • sis, thou mayest or canst be. est, he, (she or it) is. sit, he, she, i^ nn}' ^r can be Plur. sfwius, we are. Plur. simiis, we may or can be. estis, you are. sitis, you may or can be. su7it, they are. sint, they may or can be. 22 ESSE. Sing, erarny I was. eras, thou wast. erat, he, she, it was. Plur. cranius, we were. ercttis, you were. crant, they were. Imperfect Tense. Sing, csscm, I might, could or would be. esses, thou mightst, couldst or wouldst be. esset, he, etc. , might, could or would be. Plur. essemus, we might, could or would be. essetis, you might, could or would be. essent, they might, could or would be. Future Tense. Sing, ero, I will or shall Sing, futurus {a, urn) sim, I may be about to be. ftituriis sis, thou mayest be about to be. futurus sit, he ma)^ be about to be. Vu:"^. futuri (ae, a), siuius, we may be about to be. futuri sitis, you may be about to be. futuri siut, they may be about to be. be. eris, thou wilt or shalt be. erit, he will or shall be. Plur. erlinus, we will or shall be. -erltis, you will or shall be. ^runt, they w ill or shall be. Perfect Tense. Indicative. Subjunctive. Sing. ////, I have been. Sing, fuerim, I may have been. fuisti, thou hast f^ris, thou mayest have been. been. fuit, he, she or it fierit, he, she or it may has been. have been. esse. 23 Plur. fuimus, we have been. fuistis, you have been. fuerunt, they have been. Plur. fuerhnus, we may have been. fuerltis, you may have been. fuerint, they may have been. Pluperfect Tense. Sing, fuit ram, I had been. fueras, tnou hadst been. fucrat, he, she or it had been. Plur. fue ramus, we had been. fueratis, you had been. fueraut, they had been. Sing, fuissem, I might have been. fuisses, thou mightst have been. fuisset, he, etc., might have been. Plur. fuisscmus, we might have been. fuissctis, you might have been. fuisseut, they might have been. Future Perfect Tense. Indicative Mood. Sing, fuero, I shall or will have been. funis, thou shalt or wilt have been. fucrit, he, she or it shall or will have been. Plur. fuerlmus, we shall or will have been. fuerltis, you shall or will have been. fuerint, they shall or will have been. ESSE. Imperative Mood. Present Tense. Sing, es, be thou ! Plur. rste, be ye ! Future Tense. Sing. 2. esto, thou shalt be ! 3. esto, he, she or it shall be ! Plur. 2. rs^ofe, ye shall be ! 3. si^ntOy they shall be! Infinitive Mood. Present Tense. esse, to be, Perfect Tense. /uisse, to have been. Future Tense. Sing, fiiturum, am, //;;/, esse Plur. fiitiiros, as, a, esse to be - about to to be. Participles. Present Tense. Future Tense. {ens)y being. futnnis (a^ inn) about to be. hitiJiiH of esse and the Gerund are wanting. The compounds, adsuin, I am present; desum, I am missing; praesum, I am before anything, preside, rule ; obsuui, I am opposed, injure; prosum, I am useful, (all governing the dath< case) have the same conjugation as sum, with the exception tliat prosum inserts a d when pro is followed by c ; as, prodes, prodest. prosum, proderam, prodes, prodiras, prodest, proderat, prosiimus, proderamus, prodestis, proderatis, prosiint, proderant. prodessem, prodesseSy prodesset, prodessemus, pj'odessetis, prodessent, prodero, proderis, proderit, proderimus, proderttis, prodenint, prodes, prodestOy prodesto, prodeste, prodestote, prosunto. ESSE. §23, 25 Every sentence must have a subject and a predicate; as, the tree buds ; the tree is green. 1. The subject is that of which something is affirmed (the tree). 2. The predicate is that which is affirmed of the subject (buds, or, is green). The predicate is generally a verb, but it may also be an adjective or substantive joined with the verb to be, which then serves as a copula. The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. The predicate adjective agrees with the subject in gender, number and case,^s: the garden is small, hortus est parvus or hortus parvus est; the gardens are small, horti parvi su?tt : the table is small, mensa parva est; the tables are small, mensae parvae sunt; the gift is small, donum parvum est; the gifts are small, do7ia parva sunt. Exercises. 38. {Present). I am small. We are small. The men are large, the boys are small. The women are large, the girls are small. Iron is hard. Anger is blind. Doves are the prey of eaeles. Vices are diseases of the soul. The eyes of an elephant are small. Silver is white. The boar is black. The boars are black. Sicily^ is a fertile island. The poplar is high. The apple-tree is fruitful. i—Sict/ia, ae. 39. The dove is white. The huts of the driver are small. The game is agreeable to the happy boy. The glory of upright men is great. Thou art lazy, O scholar! You are lazy, O scholars! You are small, O ants! The leaves of the forest are food to the wild beasts. Diligent scholars are dear to the teacher. Thou mayest be diligent, O boy! Thou mayest be diligent, O girl! You may be diligent, O girls! The road of true glory is rough. The branches of the beautiful pear-tree are tender. 26 ESSE. 40. Gold and silver are precious metals. The boy is unhappy when^ he is bad. Boys are unhappy when they are bad. The girl is unhappy when she is bad. Girls are unhappy when they are bad. Be diligent, O boy ! Be diligent, O boys ! The leaves of red roses are beautiful. The pure water of the" streams is pleasing to horses. Wars are disastrous to people. The son-in-law is faithful to the father-in-law. The books of the secretary^ are beautiful. The leaves of the beautiful apple-tree are small. The shades of the broad beeches are agreeable. I— si, 2—secretanus, i. 41. {Imperfect). The road was long. The roads were long. Thou wast lazy. We w^ere lazy. You were unhappy. The danger of war was great. The gifts of the servants were agreeable. If you wxre pious you might be happy. We might be dear to the teacher if we were diligent. If I were diligent I might be dear to grandfather. 42. {Future). Thou art a boy, thou wilt be a man. Ye are boys, ye will be men. Diligent boys will be dear to the teacher. I shall be dear to the teacher, if I shall be diligent and good. Thou shalt be diligent, O boy ! Ye should be diligent, O boys! Ye shall be diligent, O girls. Let the words of the boys be true. If thou wilt be good thou wilt be dear to the teacher. Let the boys be thankful. 43. {The remaining tenses). Thou hast been sick. You have been sick. Wars have often ^ been the cause of sickness. The gifts have been pleasing to the little boys. We have been miserable. We would have been pleasing to the teacher, if we had been diligent. The glory of the men will be great if they will be honest. Thou art an ungrateful boy; if thou wert good thou wouldst have been grateful. You are ungrateful girls ; if you were good you would be thankful. ESSE. 27 If 1 shall have been good and diligent the reward will be considerable. The pear-trees of the gardens of the farmer have been fruitful. i—saepe, 2—ingratus, a,um. Compounds. 43. You shall assist the unhappy man. Water is useful to . the tender plants of the garden. War will injure our people. War will injure us and you. Honest men will assist, and be useful to thee and thy daughters. O good God, mayest thou assist me and my sons ! To the Romans, arms w^ere not wanting. Bad boys injure thee, ^'ou are useful to us. Thou wouldst be useful to me, if thou couldst assist me. Good poets are useful to us, bad poets injure us. Books will be useful to us, if we will be diligent. Thy grandfather's book was and will be useful to me. Great men have not been wanting to Greeks and Romans. 44. Ciconia est alba. Ciconiac sunt albae. Stellae pulchrae sunt. Luna clara est. Ripa est alta. Formicae parcae sunt sedulae. Viae asperae sunt molestae. Umbra si Ivan im grata est. Asini pigri sunt. Cen>us est bestia pulchra. Generi soeero cari sunt. Numerus cercomm magnus fuit, nunc^ panms est. Ludiis pueris et puellis gratus est. 1 — nunc, now. 45. Gloria virorum proborum semper^ magna fuit et magna erit. Verbum Dei'^ verum est. Verba poctae pulchra sunt. Pericula belli sunt magna. Bellum saepe fuit causa morborum. Bel lor um causae variae sunt. Apri sunt feri. Mundus^ est templum Dei. Deus est dominus^ mundi. Numerus librorum vieorum magnus est. Uvae maturae bonae sunt. Schola puero pigro molesta est. In silvis sunt cer-vi et In pi. ^-semper, always. 2-Deus, i, God. 3-mundus, t, world. 4-domwus, i, lord, master, owner. 28 EXCEPTIONS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. EXCEPTIONS TO THE GENERAL RULES OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. Masculines in a, at . Of the words of the second declension in //j, the following are feminine: 1. The names of towns and islands; as, Corinthus (a town). 2. The four countries ; Aegyptus, Epirus, Chersonesus, Peloponnesus. 3. Alvus, the stomach ; coins, a distaff; hnmus, ground, soil ; vannus, a van. The three following which have no plural are neuter', virus, poison; vulgtis, a rabble, mob ; pelagus, the sea. Exercise. 46. Humus frugif^ra, a fertile soil. vulgus stultum, a foolish rabble. po'eta clarus, a renowned poet. scriba aeger, a sick copyist. aur'iga miser^ an unfortunate driver. 47. A foolish rabble. O foolish rabble ! The sick stomach of the good son. From the fertile soil of the fields and meadows. O renowned poet ! O renowned poets ! The black horses of the good drivers. From the books of the sick copyist. 48. The copyist has been sick. Many poets of the Greeks^ are renowned. The soil of fertile fields is black. The soil of the garden is fertile. The rabble has always^ been foolish. The horses of the industrious farmer are black. Egypt is fertile. Corinth was beautiful and renowned. I — Graeci, orutn. 2 — semper. VOCATIVE OF THE SECOND DECLENSION. Vocative, i. I"^**!*'*^* ilf'*i» liiiii. 29 25. c» The words of the second declension in us have e in the t'h u singular; as, dominus (Lord) domme. Proper names in \us and >j, contract the ie andje of the vocal i\ *• into z, as Tullius, Tulli ; Ignatius, Ignati: Gajus, Gai; Pomp ejus. Pomp ei. Also//zW and ^^«z7/5 have their ^i,p-^\Wi^ fili and geni; mens (thon-h not mea, meum) has mi. Deus has tile MH itfv* like the noBi!ftaii\r : as, O Deus I mi Deus! 1. The words dea, a godd-« and filia, a daughter, have abus in the dative and ri1»1nt1vr pint a! instead of is; i\\us,deabus,Jiliabus. 2. Deus \\2iS in Xh u inhiativ*' andAof:ii!vr plin-al Z^^/ and Di and in the dati\« and ablatio, deis and dis. 49. O Marcus! Tullius ! O Quintus Cornelius ^ Pompejus! O Gajus Sallustius Crispus^ ! O dear son ! O dear sons ! ' my son Boniface M O my God! O Pubhus Terentius^ Afer«! The famous temples of the gods and goddesses. From the grateful hearts of the good sons and daughters. O good God ! O good gods ! The pious daughters ! To the gods and goddesses of the Greeks. 1— Marcus, i. 2— Cornelius, i. z—Crtspus, i. ^—Bont/acius, i. 5_ Terentius, t. e—Afer, A/ri. 50. Thou hast been a renowned poet.O Virgil! O Publius Terentius Afer and Quintus Horatius Flaccus, you have been renowned poets! Be always diligent and upright my son Quintus Cornelius Pompejus! Be diligent, my sons! Be diligent my daughter ! Be diligent my daughter^; ' O Gajus Sallustius Crispus, thou hast been thankful! The new temples were agreeable to the gods and goddesses of tiic Greeks. The beautiful apple-trees are agreeable to the sons and daughters of the diligent farmer. O great Mercury S son of 30 AMO. Maja^, thou hast been a messenger of the gods! O my God, thou art the Lord of heaven and earth ! Diana*^ was the goddess of the woods. Thou, O Virgil, wilt always be a renowned man ; for'* thou hast been a great poet ! 1 — Mercurius, i. 2—Maja, ae. 3 — Diana, ae. 4 — nam. 5 1 . Agri aiirigac fnigifcri sunt. Mali agricolac scduli fntgi- ferae fuerunt. Ligjiiim altarinn cedroriun pretiostim est. Honicrus pocta Gracais fnit. Poet a clanis fiiisti, Quint i Horati Placed Virgilius fnit poeta Roman? is. Miilti poetae Gi'aeeonan elari sunt. Dis et deabus Graecoi'uni multa tenipla fuerunt. Nigra humus agroruni est frugifera. § 37. aJHo, I love. amanius, we love. ainas, thou lovest. amdtis, you love. amat^ he, she or it loves. amant, they love. ama, love thou ! amate, love ye ! Exercise. 52. We love the grapes of the vines. You love the shades of the dense forests. The horses love the water of brooks. Women love garlands of violets and roses. Thou, O brave poet, lovest the glory of the (thy) country! I love good books. The farmers love the plants of the forest. The father- in-law loves the son-in-law. Love God, my son ! Love God, the Lord of heaven and earth ! 53. do, I give. doHo, I present. p&ro, I prepare, acquire. servo, I preserve, save, keep. vexo, I trouble, torment. v'lto, I avoid. orno, I adorn, decorate. mojtstro, I show. laudo, I praise. detecto, I delight, rejoice. vitupc'ro, I blame, censure. AMO. 31 The negation 7io( means non\ non stands before the verb, when the sentence is negative, as, I do not love the lazy scholars, non anio pigros discipulos or pigros discipidos non atno. But when only a word is negative, non is placed before that word ; as, Not women, but men love swords, non feminae gladios amant, sed viri. 54. Da bonis pueris mala et pira. Dona, mi fill, feminae viiserae magnam peeuniam^. Pigritia"" laerymas saepe parat. Columba servat formieam, formica seruat eolumbam. Bestias non vexo. Agni non vitant lupum, ranae non vitant eicomam, columbae non vitant aquilam. Galium pennae ornant. Statuam poetae rosis ornamus, Modestia^ ornat pueros et puellas. Puer nuntio viam monstrat. Magistral modestiam piiellamm bonanim laudat. Uvac liberos agrieolarum delectant. Ama, puer, magis- trum, am'icum^ dispulonim. Dominus fanmlum pigmmvituperat. Poetarum statuae patriam ornant et patriae gloriam parant. Altae populi latas vias ornant. i-/^c««za,a^,asumofmoney. a-^^-rrVta, a^, laziness. z-modestia,ae, modesty. ^—tnagistra, ae, a (female) teacher, ^—amicus, i, a friend. 55- We give rewards to the faithful servants. The teacher donates good books to the diligent boy. The teacher pre- sents good books to the diligent scholar. We love the pleasing fables of poets. The stars of heaven show the way to sailors. ^ We adorn the altar with beautiful forest plants. The moon and stars delight poets. The poets praise the moon and the stars. Ano-er often causes tears to boys. Women love violets and roses; men love swords and lances. Show, O son, the road to the messenger. Sicknesses torment the grandfather. The streams with pure water delight the horses and cows. I — nauta. ae. a sailor. 56. Avoid, O boy, the anger of God! O boys, avoid danger ! The dangers of men trouble the tender dispositions of women. Show, O servants, the large gate to the driver. Wars are dangerous; for they often cause diseases. God 32 AMO. THIRD DECLENSION. 33 adorns the meadows with beautiful violets. O my God, save my grandfather from^ the dangerous disease. The teacher loves not the lazy scholar. Women love not the cares of life. The teacher censures the lazy scholars. I— the good son-in-law! We avoid and censure disa- greeable vices. I love the beautiful leaves of large beeches ; for they give an excellent shade. Free, O good Lord, the unhappy farmers from evils i^ Out of^ the grapes flows the agreeable honey. * O slaves! give the master wine and oil.^ The woman counts the eggs of the chickens. The forest sati- ates the boys with many berries. Give, O master! respectable gifts to the faithful servants. Thou, O God ! adornest the fields witii beautiful plants and satiatest the beasts with food. i-annulus,j. 2— malum, i. 3-1. 4—mel, lis. 5— oleum, i. II' THIRD DECLENSION. § 30. NontT^ of the third declension have various endings in the ^lUiiiiiKiLl\ c Mii;-;iilar, but in th^^ i.« iiitive they have is. Words ending in or, os and cr are masculine. Feminine are those ending in o, as, cs, is, x and s preceded by a consonant ; as also fraus, fraiidis, fraud, deceit ; laus, I audi s, praise. Those are neuter which end in a, e, I, n, ar, nr, and us ; moreover, lac^ lactis, milk; and ctipnt, capitis, head. § .:- Terminations. Singular. Plural. Nom. Gen. cs, (neut.-^?, some ia). fun, (some ///;;/). Is. Dat. I. ibus. Ace. ("in, (neut. like Nom). cs, (neut. (I, some id). Voc. like Nom. es, (neut. c^, some id). Abl. c, (some /). , 1^ ' t 1 ibus. Nom. Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Abl. Nom, Gen. Dat. Ace. Voc. Abl. Masculines and F'eminines. Singular. Plural. doloi', pain. , dolor-es, pains. dolor-is, of pain. dolor-um, of pains. dolor-i, to pain. dolor-lbus, to pains. dolor-cm, pain. dolor-es y pains. dolor, O pain! dolor-cs, O pains! dolor-c, from or by pain. dolor-lbus, from pains. Singular. agger y a dam. aggcr-iSy of a dam. (iggcr-iy to a dam. agger- em y a dam. agger, O dam! agger-e, from a dam. pater, a father. patr-iSy of a father . patr-iy to a father. patr-em, a father. pater, O father! patr-e, from a father. 34 THIRD DECLENSION. Plural Nom. aggh'-cs. paU'-es. Gen. aggCr-ian. patr-ii}}}. Dat. aggcr-ibus. patr-ibus. Ace. agger-cs. pah'-cs. Voc. aggtr-cs. patr-es. Abl. aggcr-ihis Singular. patr-ibus. Nom. latro^ a robber. hcnno, man. Q-en. latron-is. ho}}il}i-is. Dat. latron-i. ho}}iUi-i. Ace. latron-cm. ho}}il}i-c}}i. Voe. latro. hd}}io. Abl. latron-e. Plural. ho}}i}}i-c. Nom. Ace. Voc. latron-es. JlO}}ll}l-CS. Gen. lat r 011-21}}! . ho}}im-u}}i. Dat. Abl. latron thus. Singular. ho}}ii}i-lb7(s. Nom. ju'ili's, a sc tidier. actus, age. Gen. niilli-is. actat-is. Dat. millt-i. aetdt-i. Ace. milU-cm. aetat-em. Voc. miles. ■ aetas. Abl. inillt-e. Plural. actat-e. Nom. Ace. Voc. niillt- es. actat-es. Gen. }}iiht- 71}} I. actdt-UDi. Dat. Abl. miUt-lbiis. actat-}biis. Singular. Nom. sClUx, a \\ illow. radix, a root. Gen. sahc-is. rad'ic-is. Dat. sahc-i. radic-i. Ace. salic-em. radlC'C}}}. Voc. sdlix. radix. Abl. sahc-e. }'ad'ic-c. THIRD declension. 35 Plural. Nom. Ace. Voc. sallc-es. Gen. salic-ni}i. Dat. Abl. salic-lbiis. radic-es. radic-u}>i. radic-lbus. VOCABULARV 6o Fur, furis, a thief ; cSlor, oris, heat, warmth ; cdhr, oris, color, hue ; ddlor, oris, pain, grief; Itibor, oris, labor, exertion , ddor, oris, smell, odor ; timor, oris, fear, fright, dread ; sdror, oris, a sister ; u.ror, oris, a wife ; flds,flbris, a flower; mbs, mbris, manner, custom ; custos, odis, a guard ; 7i^pos, oiis, a nephew ; afiser, ^ris, a goose ; mulier, his, a woman, wife ; /rater, tris, a brother ; mater, iris, a mother ; pSter, tris, a father. 6i. To the thief. The thieves. O thief! O thieves! The oG >r of violets. From the heat of the water. 1 r the pain^ of the sick man. From the fear of the girls. Of the sister of the boy. To the sisters and brothers. The flowers. From the flowers of the beautiful garden. The manners of the Germans. Of the guard. O ye guards! Of the geese. O geese! iu the wife of the farmer. Of the women. To the women. O mother of the boys ! To the brothers of the mother. 62. Legio, bttis, a legion ; regio, ofiis, a region, district ; natio, onis, a nation, people ; ratio, onis, reason ; virgo, inis, a virgin ; grando, hiis, hail ; hirundo, hiis, a swallow. /lirtldo, hns, a leech ; imago, hiis, an image, picture ; or'igo, hiis, origin ; Carthago, Inis, Carthage ; altitudo, Inis, height ; magnitudo, hiis, magnitude ; multitudo, hiis, a multitude. 63. The legions of the Romans. From the nations of bicece. ^ The reason of men. O thief! O thieves! Of the virgins. The origin of Rome and Athens. From the licighi of the walls. The magnitude of the Roman empire. 2 The multitude of swallows. l—Graecia, ae. j—impnium, i. 36 THIRD DECLENSION. 64. Abies, ^Hs, the fir-tree ; quies, etis, rest, repose ; sieges, ^iis, a crop, cornfield ; /Ames, IS, hunger ; aesias, dtis, summer ; voluptas, iUis, pleasure ; libcrtas, dtis, liberty ; integritas, dtis, integrity; pit'tas, dtis, piety ; probitas, dtis, probity, honesty; hiems, hiimis, winter ; pax, pads, peace ; lex, legis, a law ; rex, regis, a king ; shiex, senis, an old man ; 7iix, n)vis, snow ; comix, corn'icis, a crow ; vox, vocis, a voice ; crux, crticis, a cross ; fl'/^a-,^//^r/5, general, commander; lux, lucis, light ; mix, nucis, a nut. 65. The fir of the forest. The firs. The summer. From the pleasure of the boys. O Hberty of eagles ! From the honesty of many men. From the repose of winter. The. peace of the brothers. The laws of the country. The kings. Of the kings. The old man. To the old man. From the exertion of old men. From the voice of lions. O light of the moon ! From the great glory of the commanders. To the native country of the general. 66. Dolor accrbus, soror bona, flos tcner, agger firmus, pater miser, natio be Hi cos a, grando densa, virgo ten^ra, seges I acta, aestas grata, /lietns aspt^ra, cronix atra, nux dura. a severe, grievous pain ; a good sister ; a delicate flower ; a strong dam ; an unhappy father ; a warlike nation ; a thick hail ; a tender virgin ; a fertile cornfield ; a pleasant summer; a severe winter ; a black crow ; a hard nut. 6'] . From the great exertions of the laborers. The beau- tiful flowers of the garden. The thick hail. From the great multitude of wild people. The splendid fields of many regions. The fertile crops of fertile soil. Of the good brothers THIRD DECLENSION. 37 and sisters. The pleasant summer and the unpleasant^ winter. From the harsh voices of wolves. The severe pains of the sick poet. Of the good manners of the dear sisters. The high praise of the generals. From the tender age of boys. The long roots of the willow. O dear guards of the garden ! The bad manners of many people. To the great joy of the brothers and sisters. The branches of the high fir. i—ingratus, a, um, luipleasant, disagreeable. 6^. "Exertion is troublesome to a lazy man. Exertions are troublesome to lazy men. The manners of men are various. The bad manners of children are a great pain to the father and mother. The glory of the Roman soldiers is great. Hunger is troublesome to men and beasts. The encomiums of teachers are agreeable to good boys. Good king ! thou art a father to the people. The pains of the sick mother have been great. The crows are black. The king's wife possesses great integrity of morals. In the forest are beautiful firs. Carthage was renowned. The origin of human^ reason is divine. ^ i—humdtitiS, a, inii. 2—divhius, a, urn. 6g. The Roman soldiers were skillfuP in war. The scent and color of flowers are various. Peace will always be pleas- ing to men. Ye guards have been faithful to the king. Deceit is impious. The good manners of the nephews are pleasing to the old man. Ye, O sisters, were grateful towards^ the father and mother. The true piety of people is pleasing to God. Truth'^ is pleasing to honest people. A litde pleasure^ has often been the cause of great misfortune.* Philip^ and Alexander the Great were kings of the Macedonians, « and celebrated generals. The height of the wall was destructive to the soldiers. i-narus, a. um. 7-'er^a with arc. 2,-^.'eritas, atis. ^-ralawUas, ahs. 5 -Philippus, i. d—Macfdo, dtiis. 3« riUKD DECLENSION. 70. The cares of mothers are manifold. Many pictures are of exquisite beauty. I love father and mother. Thieves and robbers are wicked men. The feathers of the white geese are tender. God gives Hfe to man. The eagles of the Roman legion were of silver. Brave soldiers! save the country. The grandfather loves the good nephews ; good nephews are dear "to the grandfather. Inrs are copious in the forests of Germany.^ Good children love the encomiums of the fathers. \ — Gerrnaiiia, ae. 71. The colors of the flowers are various. The father loves the children, the children love the father. Thou. O good king! givest the servants just rewards. ^ The thankful people love and honor ' the king. The impious robbers cause great danger to travelers. '•' Ye fathers, present new books to the son.s and daughters. The priests* .should be faithful guards of the temple. Industrious' boys love not rest, but exertion. Tall firs and broad beeches adorn the dark forests. Eggs are in the nest of the small sparrow. '^ i-metres, ?(iis. 2-honorn. 2>— viator, oris. 4—sacerasser, fris. J 2. Calor scmbus i^mitus est. Romulus Romanoruui rex fiiit. Reges Maeeddniim bellnosi fuenmt. Ubi ' est pater ? In Jiorto est. Animi hominum divim sunt. Laborcs pueris pigris moles ti sunt. Cur'- nan fmsti in selwla? Cum^ matre in silva fui. Probo homini Veritas grata est. Probitas hominum Deo grata est. Pax militibus bellieosis grata non est. Populis Graeeiae libertas eara erat. In silvas multae abietes sunt. Varietas^ flonun est mira. Frons'' silvarum aestate pulelira est, Laus mai^istri bono piiero gj-ata est. i-udi, where. 2— cur, why. 3-<^"w. with, preposition with abl. ^— variolas, atis, variety, ^-/rons, frondts, foliage THIRD DECLENSION. 39 73. Co lores e quorum varii sunt. Ccruos aspera hieme fames vexat. Labores sunt via ad' gloriam. Latrones in carcere' obscuro erunt. Uxor sedula viro eoenam gratam parat. Amor^ Dei eiga"" homines magnus est. Domini boni fidis famulis mereedem amplam dant. Si filii mali erunt ^ dolores patris et matris magni enmt. Ab' herb is hortorum et silvarum ros' elarus manat. Cum-^ bellum est, timor virginum tenerarum magnus est. I 'oluptates stultae ho minibus semper magnos dolores parant. Mali mores filiorum animo patris parant magnum dolorem. —arf, to, preposition. 2-carcer, eris,vr\^ov. 2.-<^mor,oris,\ov^ ,-er^a. tov^^rds. ,-ab, from, preposition. 6-ros, ns. dew. .-cun,, when, (in time. when), conjunction. Neuter. Singular. Nom. Ace. Voc. fulgur, lightning; Gen. fulgur-is, Dat. fnlgur-i, Abl. fulgur-e. Plural. Nom. Ace. Voc. fulgur-a, Gen. fulgur-um, Dat. Abl. fulgur-lbus, Singular. Nom. Ace. Voc. earmen, poem, song ; (}en. earmVi-is, Dat. earmln-iy Abl. eannln-e, Plural. Nom. Ace. Voc. earmUi-a, Qen. earmln-um, Dat. Abl. earmin-lbus, dpus, work. oper-is. oper-i, oper-e. oper-a. oper-um. oper-ibus. eaput, head. eaplt-is. eapft-i. eaplt-e. eapit-a. eaplt-um. capit-lbus. 40 THIRD DECLENSION. Vocabulary. 74. Mil, mellis, honey ; ghms, Ms, sex, gender, class ; cacumen, hiis, a summit ; mumis, iris, a gift, present ; fliimen, hiis, a river ; dlus, iris, vegetable ; fulmen, hiis, lightning; Mus, iris, weight, load ; grdmcn, h/is, a grass ; scilus, iris, a crime ; liimeu, uiis, a light ; s'ldus, iris, a star ; nomefi, )nis, a name ; vulniis, iris, a wound ; omen, hiis, a foreboding, omen ; corpus, dris, a body ; semen, hiis, a seed ; cfeet/s, dris, an ornament; murmur, tiris, a murmur ; fr'igus, dris, cold ; idur, dris, ivory ; /l^us, dris, a sliore ; rodur, dris, strength ; nimus, dris, a grove ; erus, cruris, a leg ; pectus, dris, a breast; jiis, Juris, a right ; pi.Q^t^s, df is, a pledge, token ; Jus, Juris, a soup, sauce, broth ; tetnpus, dris, time ; J'oedus, iris, a treaty. 75 The honey. From the honey. The tops of the high poplars. To the grass of the beautiful meadows. From the murnuir of the brooks. The poems of Virgil. From the power of the soul and body. The treaties of nations. The presents of the grandfather. The crimes. From the crimes of the people. The bodies of the tender boys. From the cold of winter. From the strength of the breast. The wounds of the generals and soldiers. O time of summer! The times of the destructive war. 76. Mel gratum, delicious honey ; carmen pulchrum, a beautiful poem ; fnunus cDuplum, a great gift ; corpus satium, a healthy body ; crus dextrum, the right leg. 77. O tender grass of the meadow ! From the great strength of iron. The wicked crimes of the robbers. The faithful treaties of the kings and people. O dear head ! O dear heads ! The healthy bodies of the delicate boys. From the severe cold of winter. The great murmur of the people. To the great works of the poet. O tender breast of the boy ! From the tender breast. The good milk of cows. From the good milk. THIRD DECLENSION. 41 78. The grass of the meadows is tender. The poems of Homer^ are celebrated. Ivory is white and hard. The stars are ornaments of heaven. Good honey is a delicious nutri- ment for boys. The pains of the wounds have been great. The treaties of the king will be true. The white milk of the cows is good nourishment for boys. The celebrated works of poets are pleasing to men. Anger has been the cause of many crimes. Wars are heavy burdens to people. The murmur of brooks is pleasing to a traveler. The name of Cajus Julius Caesar^ is renowned. i—Honu'rus, i. 2— Caesar, aris. 79. We crown' the head of a poet with various flowers. The wounds of the soldiers are honorable.^ Flowers and grass adorn the black soil. Italian coasts are beautiful to the eyes. We love the murmuring of creeks and the shade of beeches and firs. The delicate virgins adorn the heads with flo\\ers. Willows and poplars adorn the banks of rivers. i-corono. 2-koH€slus, a, urn. i-amoenm, a. urn. 80. In summer we love the dense shade of the groves. Cows give milk to men ; hens give eggs. The pleasing songs of the poets gladden the hearts of brave men. BraN'e men avoid not the hardships of life, but vices. Many boys love neither- soup nor vegetables. Various kinds of plants adorn the forests and fields. I— neilhcr— nor, ncqnr-neque. 81. Tcnmw, pratonw, gnwici eqnis gratnw est. Aeniff- ,mita' rm-ris s,mt grata. Carmina Homcn pukhra sunt. Nomcn Ciaroms^ clamm est. Dolor vulncris magims fmt. Magna corpora sacpc mfirma^ sunt. Multa opera poctarum Graeconan pukhra ct clara sunt. In muUis flmmmbus est aurum. I 'ulnera militibus saudis' magnos dohrcs parant. .-aenipna. a,is. riddle, enigma. . - Cic.r.. oms, Cicero, {name of a Roman). i-i„/irm,.s.a, u,„, weak. 4-^'"'"''^. "■ '""' wounded. 42 THIRD DECLENSION. 82. Fainuliis domino lac et casciwi dat. Lac caprae^ fabro sano gratiDH est. Ac state rubra fiduiina sunt crebra, hicvie rara A^ capite viinistri sedtdi sudor^ nianat. Nomina mul- tonim rcgum ct po'etamm clara sunt. Regum munera semper ampla fnerunt. Carmina Homeri multis discipulis magnam voluptatem parant. i—capra, ae, the goat. 2 — Preposition, from. 3 — sudor, oris, sweat. Accusative im^ Ablative /, Neuter Plural ia, Genitive Plural iujn. i 1. The following words have /;// in the accusitive, and i in the alil iii\e instead oi em and e. They are : Puppis, a stern ; securis, an ax ; sitis, thirst ; tussis, a cough; vis, strength, power, force; sitim, siti ; vim, vi ; likewise the names of rivers and cities in is without increase, as Tib^ris, Tiberim, Tiberi; Neapblis, Neapdlim, Neapdli. 2. The neuters in e, al and ar which have the g^enitive in dtis and aris; as, par, pclris, pair; have / in the ablative singular, and ia in the iioni. ace. and \ », . plural; in the genilnt plural they have iuin ; as, cub'ile, is, a bed, couch, cubili, cubilia, cnbiliuni ; anhnat, dtis, animal, animati, anitnatia, animatiuvi ; calcar, dris, a spur, catcdri, calcaria, calcarium ; also equ'ite, a horse-stable ; mare, the sea; exemptar, an example. Exercise. 83. The brother's thirst. From the stern. From the force of winds. From the sister's cough. From the drivers horse- stable. The voices of animals. P'rom the land and sea. The people and animals. From the pair of brothers. The exam- ples. From the great number of examples. third declension. 43 §34. MnrPover the following have ium instead of urn in the greniti^^' I ': ? 1 1 V 1 iarisyllabic* substantives in ei and is; as nubes, a cloud, nubium : auris, ear, aurmm ; also vulpes, fox ; avis, a citizen ; hoshs, an enemy (in war); avts a h\rA;/elis, a cat; navts, a ship; »fts, a sheep- pellis, skin; vallis, a valley; vitts, a vine. However <-a«M. dog ;//«■(-««, youth; have »)«. I 2 Imparisyllabic substantives when the root ends m two conso- nants- as urbs. a city, urbium .■ gens, a tribe, race, genUum, frons, a fo ehead,/..«//«'«.- pars,^^.rX,parliu,n; cokors,.co^oncohorUu„.; Lnn art «/■//«'«; arx, a castle, ardum; nox, night, nocUum /Likewise i,nber, ^r.; linter, a skifi; TUer, a leather-bag bottle ; .J., a belV; lis, a quarrel; vis. strength; have u.^bru.n, l^»ir^u,n, tj/riinn ventriwH, litium, vtrinm. c ^' ^ Th^ "nates, Aristocrats ; /.»«/«, l^ouse-gods; and names of nation !n Lt and Ves ■ as Arpinatcs, inhabitants of Ap.n.um ; Sammies, ^.h^ SamnUes likrw'ise haveV"««/'«'«. ^--'""«- -^'■^'-'"""' '''""""""■ Exercises. 84 The eyes of the foxes. The horse-stables of the citizens. The loads of the ships. The tops of castles. Of the clouds of heaven. To the citizens of the cities. The pairs of sheep. From the large number of cats. From the example of cities. The pleasant hours of night. From the manners of youth. To the praise of arts. The small eggs of birds. The flowers o the valleys. From tiie power of rain. The great number of skiffs. 85. Nubes obscura, a dark cloud ; avis parva, a small bird ; navis tonga a long ship, (man of war); frons lata, a broad forehead ; arx atta, a high castle ; mare altinn, a deep sea ; animal fidum, a faithful animal ; calcar aureum, a golden spur. .Parisyllabic substantives, which have the same number of syllables in the nom. and gen. singular. 44 THIRD DECLENSION. S6, The men-of-war of the enemies. O dark clouds of heaven ! A great part of the dark night. The grand cities of the country. The long ears of the ass. From the bitter death ^ of the good youths. The broad foreheads of the red cows. The high tops of the beautiful castles. The large seas. From the father's spacious horse-stables. I — mors, mortis. ?>j. PVom the great praise of many arts. O beautiful animals ! The bad manners of many youths. The tender parts of the beautiful flowers. To the large castles of many cities. From the great number of high castles. Of the beautiful animals of the forest. The grapes of many vines. From the good example. The good examples. From the great power of the enemies. The silver spurs of the proud rider. ^ I — eqitt's, cqultis. 88. On account^ of hunger and thirst labor was irksome to the boy. We are free from cough. In^ the sea are many isles. The lands and seas are the works of God. Many animals are faithful to men. In- the woods are the dens of foxes and wolves. Kings are the protectors of good citizens. The citizens of the city are faithful to the king. The masts of the ships-of-war are high. The driver's horses are on the meadow, not in the stable. The colors of the clouds are various. The spurs of many horse-men are of silver. I— propter, on account of, preposition with the ace. 2— in, in, with the abl. 89. The words of the witnesses^ shall be true. The race of the Samuites lived in Italy. In summer you were free from couirh. The e^-^rror, erroris. 4-See Vocabulary, the word "strength." s-trads, trabis. 6-vulncro. 92. Vis vcntoriim magna est. Mater nune tussi libera est. Ubi soror est. In eonclavi^ est. Cur non fnistis in sehola f Propter tussim in sehola non fiiiuius. Calearia regis aurea sunt. In Germania varia genera animalium sunt. Ninnerus navium longarum viagnus fuit. Nomina multarum urbium Graeearum elara sunt. In amoena valle sunt multi flores. Aegyptus multis artis operibus mira est. Da, mereator, eustodi mereium amplam mereedem. Studmm"- bonarum artium pueris et juvenibus magnam voluptatem parat. \— conclave, ts, room, chamber. 2-sludium, r. study, literary jinsni'^ 46 ADJECTIVES OK TH F. THIKD HECLENSION. ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. I. Adjectives in rr, is, e; as acer, acris, acre, sharp, keen, j^eii i n \ ^ acris ; alUcer, aldcris, alAcre, lively, cheertui, brisk; cel^ber, celibtis, cel^bre, celebrated, popular, famous; c^/er, ceteris, c^lcre, swift, fleet ; equester, equestris, equestrc, equestrian, on horseback ; paluster, palustris, palustre, swampy ; saliiber, sa/ubris, salubre, healthy, salutary ; sih'ester, sihestris, silvestre, woody. II. Adjectives in is (masc. and fern), c (neuter) ; as brH'is, e, short, g'eii. brevis ; debl/is, t\ weak ; dulcis, r, sweet ; facl/is, e, easy ; fortis, t , .Nil ong ; dij[f}c)Iis, e, difficult ; ^ritz'is, e, heavy, (in weight) ; fiobJ/i's, e, noble ; /^z'!S, e, light, (in weight) ; tenuis, e, thin ; lenis, e, soft ; utUis, e, useful ; m'lHs, e, mild ; viridis, r, green ; mollis, e, soft, effeminate ; communis, e, common ; omnis, ^, all ; crudelis, e, cruel ; pinguis, e, fat ; subl'imis, e, sublime ; sudvis, e, sweet, agreeable ; mortdlis, e, mortal ; iristis, e, sorrowful, sad ; immortdlis, e, immortal ; turpis, e, disgraceful. § 36. A l^-^uves in er, is, e and those m ts, e have / in the ablative i.a r in the three like cases of the plural (neuter); and iuvi in the ^i-iiiiivt' |»itirai. Singular. Nom. acci\ acris, acre. brrds, hrri'c Gen. acris. brevis. Dat. acri. • brnn. Ace. acrcm, acre. brevem, brrir. Voc. acer, acris, acre. brevis, breve, Abl. acri. brevi. ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 47 Plural. Nom. Ace. Voc. acres, ac7ia. Gen. acrinm. Dat. Abl. acrlbtis. brroes, brevia. breviurn, brei'lbus. Note —The Adjectives of three terminations {er, is, e) and those of two [is, f) also used as substantives, retain the Hn the ab' t . . as. September, Sepiembri; October, Octobri; Apniis, Aprili ; aequalis, a contemporary, comrade, aequah ,■ sodahs, a compan- ion, sodali. Exceptions however are the proper nouns, which have e instead of t. Exercise. 93. Odor acer, a sharp smell ; aqua acris, an acid water ; proelium acre, a sharp fight, a hotly contested battle ; proelium cquestre, a contest of horsemen, a cavalry fight ; dolor brevis, a brief pain ; via brevis, a short road ; tempus breve, a short time. 94. {Adjectives in er, is, e). O wood}' valley! The beautilul flowers of the woody valleys. From the fleet horses of the wicked robbers. The holy decrees of God. O cheerful servants! The sharp knives of the cheerful servants ! The good father's salutary advice. The large wings of the fast eagle. O sharp word! From the great cold of the severe winter. The beautiful temples of the populous cities. From the hot fights of the soldiers. The salutary plants of the fields and forests. 95. {Adjectives in is, e). O great care of the mother! The great cares of fathers and mothers. O brave men ! O brave animals ! The fleet horses of the disgraceful robbers. From the delicious honey. The soft grass of the meadows. From the short time of winter. The sad times of war. From the pleasant juice of the garden's plants. From the great praise of the mild customs. From the severe punishment of the lazy laborer. O agreeable juice of sweet grapes! The gentle sleep of good people. O sad wars! From the light mind^ of a cheerful bov. The people's mortal bodies. O .scandalous words! From the pleasing voice of the cheerful birds. The sev^ere wounds of the brave horse-men. I— animus, i. 48 ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. § 37. III. Adjectives of one termination : as h^bes, J4«'!i. h^bStis, dull ; pelu/an:>, u/uis, petulant, freakish ; c/etnens, entis, mild, gentle ; ingens, ?itis, great, immense ; pdtens, flits, powerful, mighty ; prudens, fitis, prudent ; vehlnnens, ntis, vehement, violent ; atrox, ocis, horrid, cruel ; ifiers, inertis, lazy, inactive ; aiida.x', dcis^ audacious,^ bold ; felix^ 'icis^ happy ; f^rox, ocis, wild, fierce ; sollers, lis, skilled ; velox^ ocis, swift, quick, fast. g :is. I. Adjectives o^ one termination, have /' in the abl. n I \ r but the following have e\ diz'es, u« h. divitis), rich; pauper (^rii. pauperis), poor; and vetus, ^i;< lu veteris), old, ancient. 2. Those that have ia m the three like cases of the neuter phn m are as follows : adjectives ending in ans, ens, rs, as, ax, ix, u.i una plex, as also tociiptes ''t^^'ii. locupletis), rich; and par, (von, phris), equal; but vetus, old, lural are : adjectives in ans, ens, rs, as, ax, ix, ox and plex, likewise lor.uples ?iX\(\ par. All other adjectives of one termination form the j^eiiitive in um. Singular. Nom. clcnicns. felix. Gen. dementis. felleis. lAiL. eUinenti. fd'ici. Ace. eleDienteni, \\^\x\.,clejnens. fehcem, neut. felix Voc. cleuieus. felix. Abl. clcnicnii. Plural. fdhi. Noin. Ace. Voc. clcmcntes, dementi a. fellees, felieia. Gen. dementinm. felieinm. Dat. Abl. dementlbns. felielbns. ADJECTIVES OE THE THIRD DECLENSION. 49 Exercise. 96. Rex patens, a powerful king ; regina potens, a powerful queen ; regnum potens, a powerful kingdom ; vinnm vetus, old wine. From the equal number of apes and wolves. The violent an^er of the rich man. From the immense number of poor people. The great loads of the asses. The beautiful works of the skillful laborers. The horrid fights of the old soldiers From the happy life of diligent people. O gentle manners of brave generals! O fierce elephant! Of the wild elephants. The great gifts of the powerful and rich kings. From the equal right of all citizens. The great load of the use u camels. The pleasing works of ancient poets. O disgraceful words of petulant boys! From the great strength of the fieet deer The father's old wines. From the old wme. The lazy sons of rich fathers. The old temples of the populous city. 07. Fleet horses are pleasing to riders. The dove is swift, the sta<^ is fleet. Corinth was a much frequented city of Greece. The human body is mortal, the soul is immortal. The grass of the meadow is soft and tender. The grasses of the meadows are soft and tender. The times of war are sorrowful Labor is useful and wholesome to a healthy man. Sweet honey .s an agreeable nourishment. Fame is an honorable reward for brave men. The cavalry fight has been sharp. 08 The native country is the common mother of all citizens. The time of human life is short. The names of celebrated poets are immortal. Death is common to all men. The booty of the soldiers was immense. Severe wounds are the cause of grievous pains. The ancient Germans were brave The bodies of the ancient Germans were large. Wise men V so ADJECTIVES OE THE THIRD DECLENSION. ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. 51 are bappy. The grandfather's wines are old and sweet. Horses are hvely, asses are slothful. The examples of wise men are useful to boys. The life of rich people is not free from various dangers. Life is short, art is long. The punish- ment shall be equal to the fault. 2 The combats of brave soldiers have been severe. i—sa/>igns, ntis. 2— culpa, ae. gg. The necks of the storks are long and thin. The loads of the asses were heavy. The Roman empire was great and powerful. Old wine was pleasing to ancient Romans. The punishment of petulant boys will be great. The poems of Virgil, a Roman poet, are similar^ to the poems of Homer, a Grecian poet. The presents of rich and powerful kings are ample. The works of ancient poets are immortal. The manners of the ancient Romans were simple.^ A wise and brave commander is dear to all soldiers. The cheerful Greeks were always mindful"^ of glory. Old wines are often .salutary for sick persons. The renowned temple of Minerva* was in the Athenian*^ citadel. i—simtlis.ts. 2— simplex, Iris, i— mentor, f^cis. a,— Minerva, ae ^-Atheniensts,is. 100. The flesh ^ of lambs is tender aud soft. Game'- is agreeable to rich people; rich people love game. A great part of the flowers cheers man with agreeable odor. The fingers of thieves are quick. The short enigma is obscure. The spur is useful to the horse-man The spurs are useful to horse-men. We walk often in the woody valley. Sweet apples are agreeable to boys and youths. The shells^ of pigeon eggs are thin. The life of the poor is full of hard labor. We censure not the plays of lively boys, if they are diligent and good in school. The hunger of cruel wolves is great in the severe winter. The number of useful metals is small. i—caro, rat-nis. 2-caro fethia, (the flesh of wild animals) T.-/>t4lamfH, hiis. iQi. Old wine is useful to the bodies of weak men. Old wines give new strength to weak old men. On the heads of renowned kings are golden diadems.^ We saiP on the high ocean with a gentle wind. The sublime songs of noble poets form^ the hearts of men. The praise of simple manners has been great at all times ; let us, O companions, be modest and honest!* Poison has been fatal^ to Hannibal the great com- mander of the Carthagenians, ^ but' the praise of Hannibal is immortal. In a woody land are swift deer and fat boars. i—diadema, diis. 2—navlgo. 2>—formo. /^—/umestits, a, urn. ^—niitrnfrr, a, urn. e—Carthaginienses, turn, 'j—sed. 102. Cem cclcrcs sunt. Navis parva est c clevis. Proelium equcstre acre fiat. Proclia equcstria acria fuerunt. Aqua frigida^ salubris est. Leges Soldms"" Atheniensibus salubres erant. Aestate noctes sunt breves. Molle gramen pratorum vaccts gratum est. Pueris labor utilis est. Lignum Jiomimbus utile est. Curtristis es, puer? Mater aegra est. Onera camelorum gravia sunt. Corpus homiuis mortale est, animus immortalis. i-frigtdiis, a, urn, cold. 2-Solon, onis, Solon, ;an Athenian,. 103. Vita paupcrum Jiominum saepe misera, vita . divitum non semper felix est. Mores Jiominum di spares^ sunt. Senum eonsilia juvenibus sunt utilia. Mors hominibus dtvttibus et paiiperibus communis est. Si petulans eris. Frederice,'' ira parentium^ magna erit. Vetus vinum est bonum. Simplices cibi salubres erunt. Crura velocium cerjorum teniiia sunt. Homines bom et sapientes felices sunt. Vetus vinum aegris hominibus saepe salubre est. Ovum ovo simile est. I Wba poetanim sublimia sunt, Equi hostium ferocium vastant agros civium infelicium.^ Origo omnium urbium 7nagnantm olim^ parva fuit. "^^^'i nntrm dominum amant, cnuielem dominum non amant. x-d,spar,aris, unequal. 2-FffdeHcus, i, Frederick 2>-parentes, rum and um, paictus. 4 -infelix, ids, unhappy 5-olim, adv. once. 52 PERSONAL PRONOUNS. PERSONAL PRONOUxNS. First Person. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 53 Singular. Nom. ego, I. Gen. inc'i, of mc. Dat. in'thi, to or for mc, Ace. Jjn\ me. Voc. like Nom. Abl. nic, from mc. Plural. nos, we. nostri, nostnnn, of us. nobis, to us. nos, us. nos, O we! }idbis, from us. Second Person. SiNc;uLAR. Plural. Nom. ///, thou. "'^'os, you. Gen. till, of thee. vcstri, vcstnnn of you. Dat. nbi, to thee. I'obis, to you. Ace. tc, thee. I'os, you. Voc. ///, O thou ! vos, O ye ! Abl. tc, from thee. I'obis, from you. The foniis of Latin verbs indicate the person ; as, sum, I am. The 11 MinHiin . H of personal pronouns are therefore to be expressed only when the person is to be indicated in an emphatic manner ; as, / am small, you are big ; Kj^o parvus stun \ niagfius es. § 40. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. Njstcr, nostra, nostrum, our, ours. Vestcr, vestra, vcslrum, your, yours. Mens, niea, ineum, my, mine. Thus, tua, tuiun, thy, thine. 104. I am a man, thou art a boy. We are men, you are boys. I am diligent, you are lazy. We have been diligent, you have been lazy. Lazy boys are not dear to us. Books are pleasing to me and to thee. 1 will be thankful to^ you. Your glory, O Marcus Tullius,is great! My fields are fertile. Be irood and honest, my son ! Be good and honest, my sons ! Dili<^cnt bovs are dear to thee, O God I Your books are splendid, my Boniface ! I — erga, wilh ace. \ 105. The number of books is great. Thy daughters are free from sickness. Your gifts, pious boys, are acceptable to God. Our hfe is thy gift, O good God ! Your horses are black, our horses are white. My books are nice, thy books arc torn. Our doves have been a prey to the eagles. The apple-trees of our garden will be fruitful. The space of your garden is great. In our gardens are beautiful apple-trees and red roses. The poplars of our gardens are high. The citizens of our cities are thankful to the king. The height of our city towers is great. 106. In my meadow are beautiful apple-trees. Peace shall always be agreeable to us. Our citizens are faithful to the king. The pains of my wounds were great. The treaties of our kings are trusty. The poems of our great poets are agreeable to us. Thy name, O Gains Julius Caesar, shall be always renowned. Your horses are now in the stable. The cargoes^ of our ships are great. The grapes of my vines are ripe. The weapons of our soldiers are sharp. The assistance'^ of the brave horse- man has been useful to you. Your horsemen were brave in the combat. The number of poor people in our city is small. The juice of sweet grapes is agreeable to thee. The counsel of the brave general has been useful to the country. \~onus, iris, i—auxilium, i. ,07 Give, O God, a pious heart to me and my sister. Grandfather gives us ripe apples. Love me, for I love tnee also ' Your asses would have been lazy, had they been^ satiated. We love God, our Father. Neither gold nor precious stones,^ O Croesus, haughty king, free thee from the danger of death. Fear frees neither us nor you from death. We praise thy courage, O Horatius Codes ! W e adorn our garden with beautiful flowers. ■i-etiam. 2-preciou5 stone, .5-/-»i»"i,(i«. i-Cocles,«ts. 54 EXCEPTIONS TO THE MASCULINES. EXCEPTIONS TO THE MASCULINES. 55 io8. Ubi est liber tuns, mi fill ^ Pmr pigcr miJii cams non est. Libri pulchri nobis grati sunt. Liben mei milii can sunt. Magna sunt dona tua, mi Deus. Dona art nobis grata sunt, este e;ga avum grati. Gloria tmu VirgiU. semper erit magna. Noster hortus magnus est, vester Jwrtus parvus est. 1 in hortorum nostroriim frugi/erae sunt. Vulnera militum nostrorum levia sunt. Opera vestra nobis utilia erunt. In terra nostra mairna est coPia veterum arciiim. Si mores tui boni essent, et^ patri et magistro earns esses. i—fl-ft, both-and . § 41. EXCEPTIONS TO THE GENDER RULES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION. Exceptions to the Masculines. 1. Exceptions in or. Arbor, dris, a tree, is feminine. Neuters are: ae<,uor,dris, a sea; manitor, dris, marble; and cdr, cordis, a heart. 2. Exceptions in o^. Feminines are: cos, cbstis, a whetstone, and dos, ddiis, a dowry. Neuters are: os, oris, mouth, and ds, ossis, bone. Exercises. 109. Arbor alta, a high tree ; marmor durum, hard marble ; cor caluiion, a warm heart ; dos mairna, a large dowry ; OS formosum, a beautiful countenance • ds diirutn, a hard bone. I 10. The hiL,^h trees of the dense and large forests. For the white marble. From the great height of your trees. O tender heart! iM-om the pleasant shade of the large trees. From the sister's large dowry. Of the hard bones of the black cow. The servant's new whetstones. O beautiful countenance! '! h. <|ra! bones of the grandfather. III. Poplars are high trees. Fruitful trees delight the farmer. Our sister's dowry will be large. The bones of boys are tender. There are many bones in the human body. Whetstones are hard. The marble of the isle of Parus^ is celebrated. The large trees of your garden are beautiful. There are no bones in a healthy heart. In a warm summer we love the shade of thick trees. \— Partis, i. ,t; I: » » Exceptions in er. Linter, lintris, a skiff, is feminine or mascuhne. Neuters are : Iter, itinSris, a journey, road, way, march ; cadaver, ^ris, a corpse; tuber, His, a tumor; uber, His, an udder; ver, veris, sprmg: also the plants and fruits; papaver, His, poppy; p^lper, p'lpHis, pepper. Exercises. 112. Linter parva, a small skiff ; iter longum, a long journey ; ver cdtlduni, warm spring. O swift skiff! The long journey of'the brothers. The warm spring and warm summer. The fat udders of the cows. The small skiffs of boys. The high maple-tree. The powerful king's long journey. From the black pepper. 113. Your brother's skiff is small. On the Elbe is a great number of large and small skiffs. Spring is pleasant to men and beasts. In spring, journeys are pleasant and healthy. Human life is a short journey. Our journey has been danger- < >us. The long journeys have not been tiresome to our soldiers. i1ie skiffs of the merchants are full of valuable goods. 1 14. Multae arbores frugiferae sunt. Ora puerorum rubia sunt. In corpore humano ossa magna et parva sunt. Radices altarum arbonim sunt longae. Longa itinera miJii molesta sunt, Ver omnibus hominibus gratum est. Ossa corponim dura sunt. 56 EXCEPTIONS TO THE EEMIXIXES. EXCEPTIONS TO THE FEMININES. 57 43. Exceptions to the Feminines. I. Exceptions in o. Masculines are: i. those in o iron, dnis, as: carbo, coal ; harpago, a hook ; mucro, a point (of a dagger) ; piilmo, lung; scnno, a speech, sermon; pug-io, a dagger; scipio, a staff; septcntrio, the north ; likewise, driico, a dragon ; Ico, a lion ; pdvo, a peacock ; scorpio, a scorpion ; papilio, a butterfly ; vespcrii/io, a bat ; 2. those in o J4i a. iuis \ as, cardo, a hinge; margo, a margin; £?r^6>, an order; //^r<^c?, a whirlwind, whirlpool. Exercise. 115. Senno Jncimdus, an agreeable speech ; leo siiperbus, a proud lion ; ordo rectus, a proper, right order ; ordo equcster, knighthood. 116. From the pleasant speech of the celebrated poet. To the beautiful peacocks. The beautiful order of high trees. The beautiful butterflies. Of the long staff The broad margin of the large book. O long dagger of the robber! The firm hinges. From the great power of a beautiful order. From the knighthood. 1 17. Peacocks are proud. Proud lion, thou art the king of beasts! The whirlpools of our rivxM-s are large. Coals are black. A certain order prepares for us great benefits. On the flowers of my garden are .spotted butterflies. Your speech has been pleasing to me. Large dragons were often the protectors of gold. My lungs are sick. Hats are not beautiful, but ugly. In summer •-potted butterflies fly^ in the fields and meadows. I — volo. tK '(■ ^ i 1 1. Exceptions in as. Masculine is: as, assis. a pound, 3 farthings, (together with its compounds; as, guadrans, ntis, %, triens, ntis, %). Neuters are: Vds, vasts, a vessel, |mu! 1! rasa, vasoriim, vasis, follows the 2d decl.);/«5, right, and 7iefas wrong. 2. Exceptions in es. Masculine are : aries, His, a ram ; paries, t^hs, a wall; pes, pUis, a foot, and the words in es, ^i-n, Vis. Neuter is: aes, aeris, ore. 3. Exceptions in /5. Masculine are: a) of the parisyllables : axis, an ax; collis, a hill; ensis, a sword; fascis, a bundle; fiistis, a club; mensis, month; orbis, a circle ; piscis, a fish ; unguis, a nail (finger-nail) ; vermis, a worm; also those in nis ; as, amnis, a river; chnis, a dog; crinis,\\2:\x', fiim, an end, boundary; funis, a rope; ignis, a fire; panis, bread. NoTE.-^»^«/.s,asnake,and torquis, a necklace, are more frequenUy of masculine than feminine gender. b) Of the imparisyllables : Ihpis, tdis, stone; sanguis, Inis, blood; also those in is u* tt. ^ris {dnis, h'is, ashes; cuctwiis, t^ris, ^ cucwmb^r-^ pulvis, Itris, dust ; vbmis, ^ris, a plowshare). 118. Paries albus, a white wall; pes claudus, a lame foot ; caespes {I/is) tencr, a tender sod ; gurges [Uis) magnus, a large whirlpool ; st'ipes Cdis) longus, a long pole ; aes grave, heavy ore ; pd7iis siccus, dry bread ; piscis inutus, a mute fish ; torquis aureus (or aurea), a golden necklace. 119. The lame foot and sore head of the soldier. The hard poles. From the heavy ore. From the la.rge whirlpool of the sea. O woody hill! The large fishes of the sea. The warm months of summer. The beautiful trees of the high hills. Of the long sword. The brother's faithful dog. O destructive fire! The black dust. Of the mute fishes and small worms. The rough stone. To the red blood. The mute fishes of the deep sea. The great heat of large fires. The hard bones and hard stones. 58 EXCEPTIONS TO THE FEMININES. 1 20. The heads of elephants arc large, the feet broad, the eyes small, the necks short, the bodies exceedingly large. In our rivers are many whirlpools. Stones are hard and firm. Dogs are faithful ; cats are treacherous. ' White marble is a precious stone. In the sea are many fishes. The end of our life is uncertain. Hard bread has often been the food of the infantry and cavalry. The swords of the Arabians were long. 1 iie feet of the proud peacock are ugly. The months of summer are pleasant. The flesh of mute fishes is good. The conclusion of your poem is beautiful. Whirlpools are dan- gerous to ships. The whirlpools of rivers are often destructive to small ships. The left foot of the unhappy poet is lame. I —perfidiis, a, urn. 2— Arabs, 4idis. , — Exceptions in x. Masculines are: CSH.V, }ds, a chalice, cup ; fornix, 7ds, a vault ; grex, grigis, a flock, herd ; vervex, ecis, a sheep ; and all eiuliiigs ex gen. Uis. 2. Exceptions in s, with a preceding consonant. Masculines are: dens, lis, a tooth ; fans. Us, a fountain, spring ; pons, lis, a bridge ; rudens, lis, a cable; also confltiens, lis, a confluence; torrens, lis, a torrent; oriens (sol), lis, east; occidens (sol), lis, west. E.XERCISE. 121. Cii/ix aiiralus, a gilt chalice, cup; grex magnus, a large herd ; eot'lex (leis) crassus, a thick bark ; silex (his) diirus, a hard flint ; ilex (leis) eSva, a hollow red oak ; dens albus, a white tooth ; fans piiriis, a pure fountain ; mons alius, a high mountain ; pons lapidciis, a stone bridge. EXCEPTIONS TO THE FEMININES. 59 t22. The king's gilt cup. From the large flock of white sheep The hard bark of high trees. The hard flints. The leaves of the high red-oak. The clear water of the clean spi-in- The castles of the high mountains. The white teeth of dogs. The strong cables of large ships. The source of pure springs. The works of the high dam and of the stone brid<'c To the high summits of large mountains. The firm, bridges of large cities. The beautiful trees of the high mountains and lovely valleys. 123. Your father's cups are silvered and gilded ; my father's cups are golden. Dogs are the guards of our flocks. The source of many springs is on (in) the summits of mountams and hills. In Germany are large rivers, beautiful hills, high mountains, and pleasant valleys. The teeth of elephants are large and hard. The wooden beams of our bridge are firm The bark of large trees is thick and hard ; the bark of small trees is tender. The water of clear springs is good. On the summit of many mountains are beautiful castles. 124. Pedes pavomm nan sunt pukhri. Fancies templi alhi sunt. Scrmones multonnn hominum stulti sunt. Leo est rex bestiarum. Robur leonum superborum est magnum. In man sunt varii pisees. In amne nostro gurgites magm sunt, knsis militis fen-eus est. Mors omnium dolonm fims est. Sanguis mdtcnun ammalnan ruber est. Cortex multarum arbonm dunis est. Patri meo magni greges avium sunt. Rhenus est ma^rnus Germaniae amnis. Denies sunt dura ossa in ore hominum et 'bestiamm. In .-UpUms^ fontes multorum ammum sunt. In amne nostro pontes lapidei sunt. Canum et luporim arma sunt acres denies. ^- Rhenus ^ /, the Rhine. 2-Aipes, ium, .Mps. (mountain cham.) 6o exceptions to the neuters. Exceptions to the Neuters. 1. Masculines are: sal, sci/is, salt: sd/, so/is, the sun; pec/en, ^nis, a comb; tiiriur, iiris, a turtle-dove; vii/fur, iiris, a vulture; It'piis, iepdris, a hare; and miis, miiris, a mouse. 2. Feminines are: gnis grids, a crane; siis, suis, a pig; and the polysyllables in us, which retain u in the jjeiiitive. Exercise. 125 55, mid-day, noon. Dies, time, term, is feminine in the singular. Singular. Nom. es, dies, the day. res, the thing, affair. . Gen. el, di-a. ^'^'^• Dat. el, di-e'i. ^'^'^• Ace. em, di-em. ^'^^'^' Voc. es, di-es. ^'^^' Abl. e, di-e. ''^'• Plural. Nom. Ace. Voc. es, di-es, ri:s. Gen. erum, di-enm. rerum. Dat. Abl. ebus, di-ebus. rebus. NoTK.-Only d.rs and rrs form a complete plural. Other words form only th. t . , ace. and voc. of the plural. 66 FIFTH DECLENSION. Vocabulary 138. Acies, i'i, a point, sharpness, acuteness, battle-array ; glacies, ei, ice; macies, ei, leanness; series, ei, a row, series ; rides, ^/, faith; spes, H, hope; pernicies, ei, ruin. Exercises. 139. The day and the night. From the acuteness of the eyes. To the ice. The cause of the affliirs. O hope ! O hopes! To the days of summer. The leanness of the sick boys. From the series of things. O foithfulness of dogs. l^>om the fidehty of the companions. Of the days and nights. I^>om the days and nights of winter. Noon. 140. Dies festiis, a festival day. res nova, news. respubhca^^- reipublicae, the commonwealth, state. resfamiliCiris, a property, domestic affairs. fides magna, trust, faithfulness, fidelity. spes certa, a certain hope. 'J'from publicus, a, um, pertaining to the people (/o/>«/?<5), public. 141. The long rows of beautiful houses. From the long series of festival days. O news! {sing). O news! {plurat). From the great heat of noon. The great battle-arrays of the enemy. O great acuteness of mind ! Of the rough ice. From the irreat leanness of the red cows. The beautiful e>ramples of pious fidelity. -O good hope of all citizens! The vain' hopes of many youths. From the small causes of great affairs. O large state! From the certain hope of happy times. All affairs. All affairs {ace). The long days of warm summer. The pleasant hours of the warm mid-day. The large number of warm days and warm nights. From the great fidelity of FIFTH DECLENSION. 67 dogs. O great fidelity of slaves! The old states. Of the new- states. The state {ace). Of the states. I — vanus, a, um. 142. Human affairs are uncertain. Examples of true fidelity are rare. The fidelity of slaves was not rare in the Roman republic. The fidelity of dogs is wonderful. Dogs are of admirable fidelity. Our hope is small. Our hopes are small. Noon is a part of the day. The days are short in winter. May the welfare of the state be dear to the citizens. The origin of many states is obscure. Sickness is often the cause of leanness. The end of many things is uncertain. In our line of battle is a brave cavalry. All your hopes are vain. Severe sicknesses are often the cause of leanness. 143. In the warm summer we love the long row of broad trees. In the severe winter the marshes are full of ice. On many days dark clouds hide^ the bright sun. Sweet hope strengthens^ the heart of poor people. The year is a long series of days and nights. In lovely spring nature adorns the forests and gardens with many and beautiful things. On festival days I adorn my forehead with red roses. In winter ice is in the rivers and the lake?. The fidelity of slaves was great in the Roman republic. Thou, O Lucius Sergius Catiline^, causest the state great destruction. i—o!>scuto. 2—firmo. yCatilina.ae, 144. Dciis est dominus omnium rcritm. In repiiblica Romana multi servi erant. Fides multorum servonnn Romanonan magna fiiit. Spes vestra parva est. In vetere Graecia multae respublicae fiicnint. Aestate dies longi sunt. Acies hostiuvi rfni^a est. Spes liominuni saepe sunt vanae. In domibus hommun: divitum ma^na est copia rcnim et ut ilium ct jnciindarum. 68 EXERCISES ON DECLENSIONS. MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES ON THE DECLENSIONS. 145. The flesh of small rabbits is tender. A good law is useful to the state. Good laws will be useful to the state. Our bodies are mortal; for the bodies of all men are mortal: our souls are immortal. Delphi^ was sacred to Apollo. ^ The walls of our house are thick and firm. The muses=^ were the goddesses of arts. The roots of high trees are long. The cavalry of the enemy was brave in battle. Your aid has been useful to the state. We love not the foolish rabble. Peloponnese'* is renowned on account of many batdes. Egypt is fertile on account of the slime^ of the Nile.^ x-Dclphi, orinn. 2-Ap.>Uo, hits. ^-Afusa, ae. ^-Peloponmsus, t. S—/irnus, i. 6—Nilus, i. 146. You should be useful to your native country. Human blood is of a red color. The life of parents is dear to sons and daughters. The great tempests of the sea have often been dan<>-erous to the sailors. If it were always winter, the earth would not be fertile. Parents are dear to us, and we are dear to our parents. Minerva was the goddess of wisdom ^ and arts. True piety is the source of true happiness. "- Great is the praise of thy bravery, O Cajus Julius Caesar! Ephesus'"^ was renowned for its beautiful temple of the goddess Diana. You, O tender virgins, love the tender turtle doves ! Dogs are the faithful guardians of things. • i—sapieutia, ae. 2—feUcltas, atis. z—Ef>h?sus, i. (a city). 147. The fine flowers of the gardens arc delightful to our eyes. A sound mind^ in a healthy body is a great blessing. ^ Piety is the mother of all virtues. The great number of vessels was useful. The harmony'^ of all citizens is salutary to the state. Names of men, nations, rivers, winds and months are of the masculine gender; names of women and EXERCISES ON DECLENSIONS. 69 trees are of the feminine. Summer is the season of long days and short nights. The treaties of the Carthaginians have been deceitful.* Poverty^ is a heavy burden to many people. Lions are animals of great strength. Love, O youths ! the pious speeches of old men. Thou, O my God, preservest the beautiful and salutary order of all things. i-mens, iis. 2-donum, i. i-concordia, ae. i,-t>erndus, a, urn. ^-pauprrtas, atis. 148. IVLay the freedom of their native country be dear to all citizens. The variety of beautiful trees is delightful to the human eyes. Geese are white; the feet of geese are red. Greece is the native country of renowned poets. Death is common to us all. The fleet ^ of the Carthaginians was large. Great heat is the cause of many diseases. In the sea (there) is a L^reat number of fishes. The strength of horses is great. On the high tower ^ of our temple is a large cross. The fame of our valor is great. The gardens are delightful in spring and summer on account of the sweet odor of the flower? The examples of wise and renowned men are useful to us and to you. i—c/assis, is. 2— turns, is. 149. The soul of man is divine. The souls of men are divine. We have been grateful towards^ grandfather; we shall always be thankful. The praise of the teacher is pleas- ing to the good boy. Winter has been severe. The fame of the good generals will be great. The cold of winter has been great. Sweet honey is a delicious food for me. Kings are the protectors of good citizens. Great poets will be immortal. We still our great thirst with the water of the clear spring. IVIany rich people would be happy, if they were healthy. i—er^a with ace. ^o EXERCISES ON DECLENSIONS. 150. Our ships have been destructive to the enemy. Severe wounds are the cause of severe pains. Old wine was agreeable to my father. Fame is a sweet reward for brave men. The hands of workmen are rough. The wagons of our drivers are fast. If thou, my son, wert pious, thou wouldst be dear to thy teacher. The hopes of my sisters are small. Mid-day is a part of the day. The origin of many states shall always be obscure. The life of man is a short journey. The bridge would be firm, if it were stone. The flesh of f^it hogs is good. Modest men are rare: we love modest men. Small mice often destroy^ large cornfields with their sharp teeth. l—7UlSf( 151. My feet are tired^ from the long journey. The bravery of the Roman legions was great. W^e love not the dark clouds of heaven, but the bright stars. The soft and tender grass of the fertile meadows is an agreeable nourishment for cows and sheep. The sharp and rough rocks of the sea are dangerous to vessels and sailors. The fights of the brave and warlike Samnites are known ^ to me. On [in) the bright flowers of our irarden are beautiful and rare butterflies. The daggers of terrible robbers are sharp and pointed.^ The wall of our enemy's camp has been very high. i—fessus, tx, ton. i -nottis, a, urn. 3—acuius, a, um. 152. Many men are renowned on account of their blameless morals. Little bees^ love the juice of tender flowers. On the branches of the broad beeches and high firs are many birds. Bravery is a great praise of commanders and soldiers. Women love the beautiful feathers of the proud peacocks. The odor of many flowers is agreeable to men. In the hut of the honest farmer are many sparrows and swallows. Lazy boys do not love great exertion, but sleep and plays. i—apis, Is. EXERCISES ON DECLENSIONS. 71 153. The eggs of the nice geese are large. Wild tribes fight ' with great bravery. Peacocks are large and heavy, swallows are small and light. Sleep is a true picture of death. Green willows and high poplars adorn the banks of our river. Thy fate,2 O Cajus Julius Caesar, might not have been severe, hadst thou been moderate. Your weapons, O Romans, have been renowned. With fresh « milk we still hunger as well as thirst. The heat of the bright sun is pleasing to the frogs of the deep swamps. ^—pug-n(f. 2—fortuna, ae. -^—rgcens, ntts. 154. The golden cups were full of sweet wine. Ye, O cheerful travelers, are in a beautiful valley ; various flowers adorn the fertile soil; clear creeks flow from^ the rocks; high beeches spread an agreeable shade. The thick hail has been destructive to the pretty gardens and fruitful acres of our region. Thick ropes are not safe from^ the sharp teeth of little mice. The green meadows, the fertile cornfields, the fruitful trees, the fleet horses, the wooly^ sheep, and the fat cattle^ are often in the mouth of the diligent farmer. , -ah, with abl. 2-lanl^er, a, um. 2>-f^5s, bdvts, gen. plur. bourn, dat. and nbl, plui-c tubus and bobus. 155. The source of many springs is on a high mountain or^ on a woody hill. Ancient Germany was full of dense forests and large swamps. The large swamps and dense forests were dangerous to the Roman armies. In my brother's room are silver cups, nice swords, sharp daggers, precious pictures and rare butterflies. In our forests are various trees: high firs, beautiful beeches, broad maple, old^ and strong red-oaks. In many things the counsels of experienced old men are useful to youths. Corinth was a populous and renowned city of Greece- at one time beautiful statues and large porches were the ornament of many houses of Corinth. The class of catUe is useful to man in many things, thus, e. g..^ for milk and meat. Plays delight boys; weapons, youths and men: the old man loves rest. i-Either-or, aut-aut. 2-anndsus, a, um. 3 -Thus, r. g., vHut. 72 EXERCISES ON DECLENSIONS. 156. Popiili arborcs altac ct pulcJime sinii. ColliDU ciconiac loiiguni est. Aquihi est rcgiiia avium, Diana crat dca silvannn. Latona niatcr crat Apolliiiis ct Dianac. Foniia huiuaua est pule Jinx. Atlieuae locupletes ct potcntcs fucruut. Side rum Humerus magnus est. Contra^ mortem nobis anna iiou sunt. Terra communis est mater omnium ho mi num. JWba 7'estra^ pueri, vera sunto. Arabum gladii longi fucruut. Hannibal'^ fuit elarus dux CartJiaginicnsium. Hiems tern pus est brevium dierum ct longarum noetium. Fortitudo vetcrum Germanorum magna ct clara fuit. Magna est industrial apum"^ ct formicamm. I -Prepusition, against. 2—I/annlbal, alls, Hannibal :^—iniluslria, ae, diligence, industry. 4—a/>is, is, bee (g^eii. pi. apium and apum.) 157. Modesti ct probi este pueri ; tiim^ Deo ct J lo minibus grati eritis. Mod est a ct proba es, puclla; modes tia est decus juventutis. Magna est copia piscium in maribus, amnibus, lacubus. [?;- pule lira imago juventutis est. Rom am do mini orbis- terrarum fuerunt. Mense Septcmbri mala ct pira in hortis nostris matura sunt. Ego semper tin memor cro ; etiam tu mei memor sis. Este nostri memores. Opera liominum sunt varia variis anni temporibus. Pigritia magnum vitium est; si pigri eritis, feliecs non eritis. Cur piger fuisti, I gnat i? Cur pigrae fuistis, sorores ^ Si scdulac fuissetis, patri ct matri carac essetis. i—lu»i, then. 2 — orbis terrarum, of the whole world. 158. Dentes elep/iantorum pretiosi omnibus tempo ribus fuerunt. Scrmoncs puerorum semper Jioncsti ct modesti sunto. In Jlumine nostro miilti siliccs sunt. Pat res divites filiabus magna s dotes dant. Pontes aut^ lignei aut lapidei aut ferrei sunt. Autumnus dominis Jiortorum magnam eopiam malorum et pirorum duleium donat. Putamina niieiim non mollia, sed dura sunt. In laeu nostro magnus numcrus est lintrium parvarum. Mala carmina 7'ilia- sunt. i—aut-aut, either-or. 2~vUis, r, worthless. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 73 1 59. /;/ silvis Germaniac antiquac crant lupi ct ursi, Fortitudo diicum et militum patriae nostrac praeclaram laudcm parat. In tecio"^ casac nostrac est nidus cieomarum. Mores similes sacpc sunt causa amicitac. - Stcllac sunt coeli clara lumina ; obseura noctc hominibus liiccm dant. Viris fortibus gloria duke praemium est. Asini saturi sunt pigri; asim vestn pign fuissent, si saturi fuissent. Vulfes astutac^ anseribus ct anatibiis agricolarum magna pericula parant. ^-^ectum, i, roof. 2-anucitia, ae, friendship, ,-astutus, a, urn. sly. cunning. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 160 I. The comparative is used when the words too nmrr. f>rrffv, a tittle rather, somavhat prec^d^ the pn.ftlve. The ..upciiati.e ^^ when the P-^^n.. is qualifieu ., .Ue wo^xis : e.;,', .uost extraordinarily, c.ceed.n.ly. 2. Yet with a c-n.nparative ts expressed by etiam. 3. 'Thau after a compn r .five- .. e^-ressed by quam. REGULAR COMPARISON. 161 Iron is heavy, lead^ is heavier, gold is the heaviest. Sprin- is more agreeable than autumn. In winter voyages are more'^disagreeable than in summer. The nights in summer are shorter than the days; in winter, longer. The houses are high the towers are higher, the mountains are the highe.st. SocrLtes^ was the wisest and most just^ of all the Greeks. In winter the days are shortest; in summer, longest. The nights are longest in the month of December. Horses are more useful than asses. The examples of celebrated and wise men are verv useful to us. The sea is deeper than rivers; the rivers ar'e broader than brooks. Bo>^s, be diligent, for human life is very short. Gold is heavier than silver. My horses are very fleet. The names of great poets are more renowned than the names of kings. i-plumbum,t. 2-Socrdte5,is. 2>-justus,a, um. 74 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 162. Our flowers are nicer than yours. Your flowers are the most beautiful of all. I am richer than you ; you are happier than I. Hannibal^ was the most celebrated general of Carthage. We have been very happy; you have been very miserable. The odor of flowers is very strong in summer. The life of rich persons is often very miserable. The life of the richest persons is often more miserable than the life of the poorest. Honey is sweeter than grapes. Croesus,*^ king of the Lydians,^ was the richest of all ancient kings. The horns of stags are more beautiful than those of oxen. Our soldiers would have been braver if the king had been in the battle. The arms of the Romans were pretty heavy. The poems of Homer are the most beautiful of all the Greek poems. \— Hannibal, &lis. 2— Croesus, t. z—Lydi, onim. 163. Sinistra vianus tardior est qiiani dcxtra. Ac state dies longiores sunt qiiaui nodes. Mei equi eeleriores sunt qiiani tin, Aiinun est utile, fernun est utilius. Aurum et argentinn preciosis- sinia met all a sunt; fernini est metalluni utilissimuni. Ilonieri eannjna pulchriora sunt quani eannina uiultoruni poetantni. Ver est gratissiniinn anni tenipus. Mores Lacedaenioniorum siniplicissinii erant. Pauperes homines saepe feliciores sunt quam divites. Bonae leges civitati u tills si ma e sunt. Ho minis forma est pule her rima. Clarissimus poetarum Romanorum Ho rati us est. Oeuli aquilarum sunt aeerrimi. Mense Decembri noctes sunt longissimae. Sens us mu I to rum bestiarum a cr lores sunt quam sensus homlnum. Exempla senum prudentium et piieris et juvenibus sunt utilissima. FACILIS, ETC., AND MALEDICUS, ETC. 164. Sleep is very similar to death. The works of art are very dillicult. Poor people are often more charitable than rich ones. You are very unlike your brother. Your brother is very beneficent, you are very indolent and slanderous. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 75 Parents are very benevolent to their children. The towers of our city are very low, the houses are still lower. The most indigent persons are not the most unhappy. The temples of Jupiter were the most magnificent. The teachers will be very kind to us if we are honest. Antiquo^ tempore itinera difficillima erant. Canes lupis simillimi sunt. Latro ferae bestiac simillor est quam homini. Domus regis nostri maxima et pulcheirima est. Luna minor est quam terra ; sol major est quam terra. Turpis fuga ^ pejor est quam mors. Equus est magnus, camelus major, eUphantus ' maxlmus. Britannia'^ maxima est Europae insula. Dens saepe optimos homines castigat'; pessimis saepe dona dat maxima. Res minimae plurimis rationibus fuerunt causa bellorum o-ravissimorum. Senes mcliora consilia dant quam juvenes. ^ i-antUjuus, a, nm, ancient. 7-/uga, ae, flight. i-Brilannia, ae, Britain. ^—castigo, chastise, punish. IRREGULAR COMPARISON. 165. Peace is better than war. Times will be better if the people will be better. The sons of the best fathers are often the worst. The reward of brave soldiers will be very great. The sun is larger than the earth ; the moon smaller. The most of the trees of our garden are beautiful apple-trees. The resemblance^ of sleep to death is very great. Serpents have very small heads. The life of many animals is very short. A sound mind in a sound body is the greatest fortune. The appli- cation 2 of most bo>'s is very great. If people were better, times would also'^ be better. The number of rich persons is smaller than the number of poor. O best, greatest God, thou hast always been the most benevolent Father of men. The smallest things have often been the cause of the greatest wars. In the sea there are very many and very large animals. 1 w as smaller, you were larger. The origin of most nations is obscure. \-stmilitudo,tnis. 2—sludtunt, i. ^—fUam. yS COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES WANTINCx THE POSITIVE. i66. The exterior walls of our house are white. The head is the highest part of the body, the foot the lowest. The left bank of your river is more beautiful than the right bank. The interior [siipcrl.) part of your house is very handsome and very spacious. Juno, the highest of the goddesses, sister and wife of Jupiter, had very beautiful and magnificent temples. Codrus^ was the last ^ king of the Athenians. Virtue is prefer- able to riches. Xerxes,^ king of the Persians,* was the last in 'battle and the first in flight. The moon is nearer to the earth than the sun. The Alps^' are the highest mountains in Europe. ^ i — Cod/us,!. 2—ultr>ior. i- Xerxes, i%. \— Per sue, arum. S—AlpeSy turn. 6—Europa, ae. 167. /// infer lorc Italia imdtac iirbes Grace or um fiicrunt. Tarquinius Siiperlms ultinins rex Romanorum fiiit. Salus piibliea viagistratibus siimma lex esto. In altissimis nwntibus aer pnrior est; ubi terrae est proplor, densior est. Consules suninii jnagistratns reipublieae Ronianae erant, Intinia pars donius nostrae noi/ obseura, scd clara est. Cacunnna summoriwi moiUiuni frigida sunt. COMPARISON BY MEANS OF STRENGTHENING PARTICLES. 168. The causes of sickness are very numerous and very manifold. Your brother's daughter is very pious. Iron is more necessary^ than gold. Salt is very necessary for ^ all nourishments. Very steep^ roads are dangerous to travellers. The most ancient* people have been very wild. Death is certain, the hour of death is very uncertain. '' The juice of many plants is very wholesome.^ The civil wars were very injurious to tiie Roman state. The most necessary metals^ are the most abundant. Virtue is more essential to happiness than riches. i—necessarius,a,um. 2— a' ha\x^ c- aniavcritis, ye may have aniavcrint, they may have n Pluperfect. amavcmin, I had loved. iiDiavcms, thou hadst lo\'ed. amavcrat, he had loved. ajnavcravius, we had loved. amavcratis, ye had loved. atnavcrcDit, they had loved. amavisscm, I might have ^;;/^?77'.!r5^'5,thou mightst have auiavissct, he might have mnavissLinus, we might have ainavissctiSy ye might have aj)iavisscnty they might have o Future Perfect. ainavcro, I shall have 1 -^ amavcrimus, we shall have ^ ^ o I o amavcris, thou shalt have |> < amavcritis, ye shall have j^ < amavcrit he shall have J • mnavcrint, they shall have j • V0CABUL.\RY. i^i. dono, donare, to present. erro^ errare^ to err. fiigo, are, to put to flight. impcro, are, to command. labor o, are, to work, ^rt?, are, to beg, pray, beseech. adbro, are, to adore. pdro, are, to prepare, procure. pecco, are, to do wrong, sin. porta, are, to carry, bear. laiido, are, to praise. lihcro, are, to free. inonstro, are, to show. num^ro,are, to count. d?;';/6», rt-r^, to ornament. pHgno, are, to fight. servo, are, to save, preserve. sup^ro, are, to conquer, prevail. Z'7/'thiansi f^.^^^ht with bows and arrows.2 ^11 men will love you, if you will love virtue and probity. My son Ignatius, if you are diligent, I will praise you and present you fine poems. Avoid danger, O youth ! Avoid danger, O youths! Your f:Uher will censure you and will praise me. All good men love the best, the highest God. We will praise diligent boys; we will censure ind;)lent boys. The bees prepare us the sweet honey. You would sin if you were lazy. The wise man will avoid anger. Asses carry heavier loads than horses. Gajus Cornelius Scipio, ^ save the state ! i-^Scythae, arum. 2-sagitta, ae. 2,-Scipio, oms. 175. Mater tc aniat, mi pun\ Piicr bonus amat Dcnm et parcntcs. Bonuin pucrum omncs amant. Parentis liberos aniant. Amamiis patriam nostram. Aniate virtutes ; vitatevitia, pueri et puellae! Multi homines vitam urbanam. mnlti vitam rnsfieam laudant. Modestia ornat pueros et puellas. Cur festinatis, pueri? Pueros laudabo, si modesti et probi erunt ; si erunt petulantes, vituperabo, Pigri fuistis ; magister vos non laudabit. Ama, puer, parentes et magistros. Domimis famulum p igrum 7 'ituperat. VERBS. 81 Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect. (FORMS OF THE ROOT OF THE PERFECT). 176. Alexander the Great loved the poet Homer. I have fought on the left wing^; you have commanded the right. You have prepared for your friends a very great pleasure. Our cavalry has put to flight the right wing of the enemy. We have adorned our chamber^ with beautiful pictures. Men have always erred and will err. O good God, thou hast ornamented the earth with flowers and trees! I have praised the good laws and shall praise them=^. Alexander would have earned great glory, if he had conquered anger. Our soldiers have fought with great bravery and put the enemy to flight. If you shall have counted the sand* of the sea, I will count the stars of heaven. The Athenians would -liave freed their'^ native country, if they had taken care of the integrity of their morals. We will prepare rewards for the soldiers, for they have freed our native countr>^ Grandfather has presented me a little ram. The king has adorned his^ palace with handsome porticoes. x-comu,us. 2-coricldve,ts, 3-not to be translated. 4-areKa,ae. s-suus,a,um. 177. The King Pyrrhus has, with the aid of elephants, conquered the Romans. You have fought with great bravery for^ (your) native country. The walls have saved your city. My father has presented good books to the poor boy. If the teacher shall have praised you, your father will present you a beautiful book. The great courage of our soldiers has overcome the enemy. The father would have presented to the sons and daughters useful books if they had been more honest. The little mdus6 has freed the big lion from danger. The king will present rewards to the brave soldiers, if they shall have freed the city. We have adorned the statues of the 82 NUMERALS. brave generals with flowers, for they had freed our native country. O best, greatest God, thou hast freed our mother from great danger! If you shall have adorned the soul with virtues, you will be happy. The soldiers would have fought, if the general would have ordered it^. I— pro, with abl. ?— not translated. 178. Vos amabimus, si probi critis. Aiitiqiiac gcntes miiltos dcos adorabant. Laiidabo tt\ mca filia, si proba ct vwdcsta cris. Malos mores vitupcrabimiis, bonos laiidabimus. Laiidarcm U, si pins esses. Fugabitis hastes, si fortes eritis. Omnes homines peecant; Dens minquam peeeavit. Laudavistis silvam vestram ; iibi silva vestra est! Dens hominibus aminos immortahs donavit. Filiis et filiabiis paiiperum aurigarum utiles libros donavimiis. Romani Graecos bello superavcrimt. Magna virtus copiarum nostrarum hostes superavit. • ' — NUMERALS. I— Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers. 179. The substantive governed by mitlia ^i^lnrAl), is to be put into the trniltive, e. ^., 2000 soldiers, duo millia militum ; 2300 soldiers, auu inuna trecetiti milites. 10 horses, 2 14 300 15 18 207 S66 788 333 2253 < ( < i ( < I cow, 3 cows, II 21 131 638 49 99 862 ^777 3592 < ( ( ( 3 eggs, 300 38 79 402 833 224 933 761 35SP TOO animals, 19 '* 32 725 2803 3513 912 3«9 868 ^>39 10,000 ( < ( ( ( < ( < ( < The loth horse; the ist cow; the 2nd horse, etc. , as above. the 3d egg; the looth animal; numerals. 83 180. The questions how long? (time) is expressed by the ar i-u ; w. There is one God. In two friends there is one soul. The power of two men is greater than the power of one. Two consuls presided over the Roman state. Man has one mouth, two eyes, two ears. In our garden there are 92 apple-trees and 38 pear-trees. 20,000 infantry and 11,000 cavalry have fought in the battle. There were seven Roman kings; the first was Romulus^; the second, Numa Pompilius; the third, Tullius Hostilius; the fourth, Ancus Marcius; the fifth, Tarquinius Priscus; the sixth, Servius Tullius; the seventh, Tarquinius Superbus. The seven Roman kings reigned- 244 years: Romulus 38, Niima 43, Tullius Hostilius 32, Ancus Marcius 24, Tarquinius Priscus 38, Servius Tullius 44, Tarquinius Superbus, the last of the Roman kings, 25 years. One hour is the 24th part of a day; one day is the 365th part of a year. Our general has put to flight 33^^74 of the enemy. 1 2,000 Greeks have put to flight a very great number of Persians. The Ides are the 13th or^ 15th day of the month. The sixth and ninth legions have overcome the enemy; the general has, therefore,* presented both legions with new arms. 1— Romulus, i. 2— regno. 3—aut. 4—iiagug. 2 — Distributive and Adverbial Numerals. ! HI , s fUi t iii>r. 181. Tzi'he two are four, is transtated. b- We have each two hands and ten fingers. ^ Birds have each two feet, crabs^ each eight feet. The grandfather has pre- sented to each of his grandchildren four beautiful books. Marcius has been seven times consul. Thrice four are twelve. Six times three hundred are one thousand eight hundred. Twelve times forty-six are five hundred and fifty-two. Twice twenty- two horses are forty-four. Nine times one hundred and forty-four pears are one thousand two hundred and ninety-six. One hundred times one hundred soldiers are ten thousand. \— digitus, i. 2~cancer, cri. ^A PRONOUNS. 182. Honiini sunt duo ociili, duac aurcs, ujunn os. In legionc Romana dtxan cohortcs crant ; cohors cmt dccima pars Icgioms. Mi lie duccniac naves in pro e Ho navali pugnaverunt. Mensis est duodecivia pars anni. November undecimus anni inensis est. Seeulum est spatiuni eentuni annoriim ; annus spatiuni est treeentorum sexaginta quinque dierum. In copus Alexandri Magni duodecini niillia Macedonuni fuerunt. Perieles quadraginta annas reipublieae Atheniensium praefuit. Tenipluni Dianae Ephesiae quadringentos quinquaginta pedes longum, dueentos viginti pedes latum fuit. 183 Is dies, ea hora, id tempuSy idem vultiis, eadem abies, idem opus. rRONOUNS. I — Demonstrative. Jde ager, Jiaec terra, hoe earmeti, ille lapis ilia avis, illud eorpus. Deus ipse, mulier ipsa, helium ipsunty alius puery alia puella, aliud animal alterum animal, tot homines. That bread is hard. This tower is hi-h. Tliis wine is sweet. The master of tlie -arden is faithful to me. Present a book to this boy. Present me this book and this leaf (paper is to be understood). Present us this bird. We will not injure you in this cause. These books are very useful to us. These boys' books and those of the <,nrls are torn. Your brother would have escaped those dangers, had he been more cautious. That war will injure our whole state. Those mountains are very low; these .shores are very steep. These PRONOUNS. 8s apple-trees are higher than those pear-trees. On that mountain there are great snow-heaps. ^ We shall be happy after^ death if we be honest in this life. This house is higher than that tower. We praise these poets and these poems. \—nix, nivis. 2— post, with ace. 184. These friends have assisted us; such friends we love. That expression^ is impious. 1, mysell, am my neighbor. The arms of the Romans were heavier than those of otiier nations. There were two Spains^, the hither and thither; the former was greater than the latter ; in that there were more and larger rivers than in this. The severe cold^ of these nights will injure our crops. We have adorned these gardens with beautiful flowers. We love virtue itself, not a reputation for (of) virtue. Those houses are lower than these temples. That counsel has been very useful to us. Romulus and Numa w^ere the first kings of the Romans ; the former was warlike, the latter pious; the exploits^ of the former were more renowned than the deeds of the latter. i—vox, vocis. 2—Hispania, ae. Z-ff'igus, dris. 4— res, rei. 185. Hie hortus pule her est, haee damns pulcJira est, hoc munus pulchrum est. Hi horti pulcherrimi sunt, hae danms pulcherrimae sunt, haee mimera pulcherrima sunt. Daminus ^ hujus harti et illius damns civ is est urbis nastrae. Dana mi hi hanc avem et hunc papilioncm. Libri horiim puerarum pulchriores sunt quant libri illarum puellarum. His puens libros donarem, si magister cos laudavisset. Vita hoc periculum, Vitate haee pericula. In hac damo sunt pulchrae porticus. Has puellas magistra laudaret, si bonae essent. Illud carmen pulcJierrimum tibi donabo. S6 RELATIVE. 2 — Relative. 1 86. He who is best, must be the dearest to us. You are the same that you have been. Whoever does not love God is impious. All men love him whose virtue is useful to all. The book which you presented to me, has given me great pleasure. That father is happy, whose sons are diligent and pious. Those fathers are unhappy, whose sons are indolent and impious. To him whom we love, we are dear ourselves. We have been in many cities in which you have not been. That which is best is nearest to God. Such as the ruler (is), so is the governed. All who are good and pious in this life, will be happy in the next. 187. Show the book which T have presented to you to the teacher. Many a man who has been rich, is become poor. The teacher will praise those books which shall be suited to you. We shall be the same that we have been. Such as the labor is, so shall be the reward. He who is useful to the state, is useful to himself. Those mothers whose daughters are pious, are very hai)py. He whom the best men praise, is good. The Romans bestowed upon those cities, by whose aid they conquered their enemies, the rights of citizenship^ I Icn-e the same things which my brother loves. My father was in Italy at the time when you were in Greece. l^Viends will be such toward^ )'ou, as you shall be toward them. The load which we carry is heavier than that which you carry. i—cwtiiis, aiis. 2-rrsa, with ace. 188. Ekju amaums, an ipsi cari sumns. Qui Dcum amat, pins est. Libn\ qiios pater viihi doiiavit, pulcJicrrimi sunt. Qui bonus ct pius est, eum optimi homines amant. Amamus COS, quonan virtutes nobis prosunt. Laudabimus eos viros, qui patriani servaverint. Virtutem eonnn, qui urlnm nostrani INTERROGATIVE. ^7 servavcrant, latidavinius. Non semper beatus est ts, cm maximae divitiae sunt, Eum regem, cujus imperium elcmens ct Justum est, omnes civcs amant. Onera, quae ego porto, graviora sunt, quam ea, quae tu portavisti. Quales duces {sunt), tales sunt milites. 3 — Interrogative. 189. Who has freed your city? We ourselves have freed \\>, What is the greatest^ good? What resembles death more than sleep? What man is most like to God? The best. What eviP is greater than war? What is sweeter than honey? What advice has been the best? WHiose works are more ma^Tnificent than the works of God? Whom does a wicked man injure more than himself? What book have you presented to your daughter? What is more excellent than virtue? What animals are the swiftest? Who has been wiser in Greece than Socrates? In what part of the world are the highest mountains? In what year did Cicero save the Roman state? Hamilcar^^ and Hannibal were generals of the Carthaginians. Which of them was the braver? How large is the sun; how large is the earth? What houses have you adorned with flowers? How many apple-trees and pear-trees are in your garden? In our garden there are 22 apple-trees and 18 pear-trees; I have counted them. There are two paths, the one that of virtue, the other that of vice; which of them do you love? Which is the most agreeable to you? I— w, ^a, zrf. <1' i.t I'roii. 2— superior, t,— malum, i ^—HamUcar,aris. 1 90. Quis fuit primus rex Romanorum ? Romulus. Quis tibi hos libros donavit ! Avunculus mens. Quid dulcius est quam mel ^ Quod Iwnum majus est, quam mens sana in corpore sano? In qua parte Europae altissimt montes sunt'i In 8S INDEFINITE. Helvetia, Qui viontes sufit aliissivii in Europa? Alpes. Qun in Graeeia jiistior fuit quain Ar is tides ? Quot sunt terrae pai'tes^ Quinque sunt. Quae pars minima est? Europa. Quota Jiora est'? Quarta. Quot arbor es in silva vestra sunt? In silva nostra sunt duo mi Ilia arbor uni. Quid Jiomiin optimum est? Quod bonum nobis ntilissimum est? 191. Is est vir bonus y q?n prodest omnibus, nemini obest. Morti nihil similius est quam somnus. Aid la res ad vitam Diagis neeessaria est quam a'er, pafds, aqua. Si quis tibi quid doiuiverity gratus ei esto. Nullum aliud animal Jiomini similius est quam si una. Ilominibus ni/iil nulius est quam mens sana in cor pore sano. Suas quisquc res a mat. 4 — Indefinite. 192. aliquis homo; • aliqua res ; aliquod periculum ; puer quidam ; nulla femina ; milium malum. Nobody was more beneficent than Titus. Virtue is the supreme ^ood ; nothini^ is more beautiful, nothing more precious, nothing better. Who is better than God? Nobody. Arms are of no use to soldiers, if the commander is wanting. Everyone^ praises his own; I praise my woods, you praise your fields, that girl praises her garden, we praise our house, you praise your meadow, those girls praise their books. His native country is dear to everyone. I have two sisters; each of them is dear to me; I love each, I am thankful to each. To whom of the two boys- will you present that book? To neither of them. i—qtiisque, must be put immediately after the possessive pronoun suns. 2— Translate. To what boy (of both). FINITE VERB. 89 FINITE VERB. FIRST CONTUGATION. I — Active. 193. Ambuto, are, to take a walk; tiro, are, to plough ; cast'igo, are, to chastise ; celWro, are, to celebrate , c'cno, are, to dine ; corbno, are, to crown ; diiplico, are, to double ; mic/t)plu'o, are, to multiply ; ediieo, are, to educate ; fest'ino, are, to hasten ; vblo, are, to fly ; vidnc-ro, are, to wound ; muto, are, to change ; narro, are, to narrate ; opto, are, to wish , perhgro, are, to wander through; pldeo, are, to reconcile ; postiilo, are, to desire ; sedo, are, to appease, calm ; vasto, devasto, are, to devastate, lay waste ; vexo, are, to harass, to torment ; vdco, are, to call ; oppugno, are, to assault, storm, besiege ; expugno, are, to take by storm, capture. 194 Whoever loves his children, chastises them. The Arabians! .vandered in winter and summer over mountains and plains ^ The Greeks and Romans appeased the wrath of the Gods by the flesh and blood of victims.' You will not quench your thirst with salt and honey. The valuable works of the Greeks and Romans cause great pleasure to boys. You praise the pleasant country^ we walk in the beautiful city. Many birds will fly to» other countries next autumn. What games did the Greeks celebrate? The youths sliould preserve the customs of their ancestors. The end crowns the work Many nations adored the sun. If you are fortunate, you w.ll count manv friends. That which I have desired of« you, you will desire of me. The Romans have surpassed most nations go FIRST CONJUGATION. in bravery. Magnificent porticoes adorned the houses of the ancient Greeks. Juvenal, 7 a Roman poet, blamed the manners of his age. ^ Beautiful porticoes adorned the temple of Jupiter. The general will esteem and praise soldiers of very great bravery. i—Arabs,ArSbis. 2— campus, i, ;i—hosita, ae. 4 -rus. r arts, as opposed to city, whilst t^'rra is opposed to sea. 5— »«, with aco. 6— a, with ab!. 'j—JuvcnCilis, is. '6—artis,atis. 195. I. The exhortation; let us, ive will, is expressed by the sub- junclive, e. g., let us pray, we will pray : oremus. 2. The siibjunclive follows: itl, that, in order that; 7ie, that not, lest; cum, when, as, that, e. g., I wish that you be diligent : oplo, ut impiger sis. Let us praise the best and blame the worst. The father wishes that we hasten ; we will therefore hasten. I love you in order that )'ou may love me in irtuni. ^ My son, gain the friendship- of honest men. What man is so'^ wise as to have never* erred? You would not wish the war, if you were honest. When Pharao^ had doubled the burdens of the Israelites,^ God ///////////Wf''' the misfortunes of the Eg)'ptians. ^ We will praise those whose bravery saved the country. Why*^ do you hasten friends? We would not hasten, if^ our father had not commanded it. Why does your father require you to hasten ? Our ancestors'^'/^Wi,'*/// often, in order that they might free their country. I beseech you to tell me this matter. The boy rcqjicstcd us to narrate these affairs. The praise of the general would not havx* been wanting if we had fought with great bravery. We will call the servant to carry this burden. Miltiades*\ general of the Athenians, //// to flight, with a few troops'-, a great number of Persians. 1 — rcdamo. 2—amicitia, at', ^—tafft. /\—nitnquam. 5 — Pharao, outs. 6 — IsraeVita, ae. 1—Aegyptius, i. 8 —cur. g— Knot, nisi. 10 — majdyes,um. II — Miltiddes, is. 12— manus, tis ; copiae, arum. '•' N. B.— Whenever the English imperfect is printed in Italcs, the perfect is used in Latiti. FIRST CONJUGATION. 91 196. Love thou, ama. Love ye, amdte. Do thou not love, ne amav^ris (subj. perf.) Do ye not love, ne amaverltis Thou shalt not love, ne amato ; he shall not love, ne amdto ; ye shall not love, ne amatbte ; ^ they shall not love, ne amanto ; In Latin the neuter of uij. ctlves and ot oiioi,,.. used sub- stantively is in the plural, if several objects are meant : no, doinni, doniiiinn. do mare. to subdue. sd?io, sonui, so?iUi{in, son are. to resound. tdno, tofini, toiiitinn. tojiare, to thunder. Vt'to, vetiii, vetUum, vetare, to forbid. plico. avi, 1 Ul, / atian, \tum, plicare. to fold. s^co, sec id. sectum. secure. to cut. adjuvOy adjuvi, adjuimn^ ( laiitum, adjuvarCj to assist. liXVO, Idvi, \ lavatiim^ \lotu})i, lavare. to wash, bathe. do, dMi, dUtuniy dUre, to give. sio, steti, sthtum, stare. to stand. praesto, pracstiti. praestarCy to stand before, to excel. 198. The door has creaked. The general rcp7vvcd^ the soldiers; he would not have reproved them, if they had been brave. The Romans subdued many nations by their arms. You have subdued so many nations, great Alexander; subdue also your hatred ! Three hundred soldiers kept watcJi.'^ In spring the woods resounded with the song of the birds. Jupiter has thundered. Alexander cut asunder^ with his sword the knot^ which Gordias had tied. ^ Do not assist indolent boys. We hav^e cut*^ the grapes off our vines. If fortune^ will favor our soldiers, we shall overcome the enemy. We would have assisted you, if we had been present.*^ We praise you, because you have assisted your friend. I never batJied after^ meals, because father has forbidden it. i—incrSpo,\, 2—excuho,\. s—iiiss^ro. j^— nodus, i. ^~impnco,\. 6—desi'co,\, 'J— fat tuna, ae. %—adsiim, I am present. <)—post, with ace. 199. The Greeks gave one part of the booty to the gods and goddesses. Let us give alms^ to the poor. You have given white bread to the poorest persons. You would have suffered^ punishment, if you had sinned. God may give you everything }'ou wish. How many years did the Roman empire /^?5/.^ 1230 years. You would not have tamed che horse, if I had not assisted you. King Ancus Marcius subdued the Latins^ by arms, and surrounded'^ the city with new walls. A great many persons surrounded^ Cicero in the forum.' Man consists* of^ two parts: the soul and the body. Hannibal excelled all the Roman commanders in the art of war.^*' You have received great praise, because you have performed ^^ what the teacher has commanded. We would have praised you, if you had kept your word.^' Wash your hands. You shall not dine before ^"^ you have washed your hands. Themistocles'' surrounded Athens with walls. The general stood in the front rank of the battle and outdid the soldiers in courage. The trumpets'^ sounded and gave the signal for battle. i—sii/>s, snpis. 2— lo suffer punishment, />o<'«a5 rfar^. s—Latini.onon. A,—circumdol. ^—circunisto \. 6—Cici'ro, oms. y—/'ofuni,u S—consiol. 9— . are formed by adding iter to the root; e. g., aeer, ad^ ., acritcr; but if the mot ends in ftt only er is -^-^^^ed; e. g., cteme^^^ ail.., dementer. The -.,|v.Tn of bonus i^^ hen^^; oi facitis, facile. The .•oiiii.ar au . r IS like uie ii.-iit. <-,.in|.. of adjectives. The j,tiiiei lal im- is formed me; e. g- joruur,juUuiS, fortissime ; acriter, acHus, aeerrwie ; bene, melius, optime. The king shall be loved by the citizens. Fight bravely that our country may be saved. I will endeavor^ to be praised. Strive 1 ye, that ye be praised. We endeavored to be praised. The Gauls, who assisted the Roman general, were called^ friends of the Roman people. If you will have saved your country, your fame will be published^ by poems. You will be praised if you shall assist the state. We wish to be assisted by you in our affairs. All the ancient philoso- phers^ were surpassed by Socrates in wisdom. You will be vehemently reproached by your fellow-citizens, ' because you did not keep your word. States would be better governed, if the best men presided over them. Friendships are formed that one may be aided by the other. You would be praised, if you would assist poor people. The whole of Gaul was conquered by Caesar. i-I endeavor to strive, operant do. 2-appello, 1. z-praedico 1. 4^-philosdphus, i. 5—cn'ts, ts. 204. The moon's disk' was often darkened^ by the shadow of the earth. Let us relate to the boys \\ hat games have been celebrated by the Greeks. Our parents will bestow beautiful things upon us, if we shall be praised by the teachers. If the enemy had not been beaten, the fields would have been laid waste. We have been wounded and have inflicted wounds. The general nyiaycd, that rewards should be given v ■ tnc g6 FIRST CONJUGATION, soldiers. You have been praised, my sisters, because you had been good. The game of dice^ has been forbidden by law. The inhabitants of Tarentum* zvar assisted b>^ king Pyrrhus: nobody assisted the Romans. We are blamed by you, because you have not been freed by us. Cicero luas ovcr- ivhclmcd with the highest encomiums, because he saved his country. The wise will be happy, even when^ they will be tormented^^ with the most violent pains. Hannibal ims recalled from {e.x) Italy by the Carthaginians in order to fight with (ciini) Scipio. Y-orbis.is. 2-obscurol. 2-alea, ac. A-Tareniim. orum. 5-Even when ^/«. 6—crucw 1. -j—revdco 1. 205. I am not troubled by any fear. You shall be praised when you shall have assisted your friends. Weapons shall be given to you. Many Christians^ 7.r;r cruelly ^ murdered'^ by Nero4, the Roman emperor. ^ You are praised and loved by all citizens, O brave warriors, for ycni have freed >'our country from the enemy. We desire that we be loved and praised by honest people. If the Roman legions had not been vanquished by Arminius in the forest of Teutoburg,^ the Germans would not have been freed from the Roman sway. ^ When the enemy shall have devastated the fields, the city itself will be assaulted and taken by them. You would be reproached by all your friends, if you would praise wicked men. Be grateful to*^ those by whom }'ou have been educated. Good manners should be retained. The Carthaginians and Greeks li^ere conquered by the Romans in the same year. Many men praise others, that thc)^ themselves ma>' be praised by them in turn. Jupiter was called by the Romans the best, the greatest; that is, the most beneficent and most powerful. i-Christiani,orum. 2-cyudelis, e. z-^'^'co \. A-^'^ro, onis. ^-tmpcrator.oris. 6—Tcutobtirgensis, r. 7- imperiutn, i. ^—crga with ace. SECOND CONJUGATION. 97 206 Virtus laudatur. Ex omnibus secidis vix tria aut quattuor nominantur paria mnicorum. Milites nostri fortiter pugnavemnt, ut p atria sen'aretur. Sidera a nullo ho mine 7iumerabuntur. Athenae a Perlcle pidcherrimis aedificiis ornatae sunt. Primus dies inensis nominatus est calendae. Ncptuno maritimum omne regnum datum est. Caesari in expugnatione Mytilenarum corona civlca donatus est. Pyrrhus rex Tarentinos adjuvit; Romani a 7iullo adjuti sjint. Si Alexandro, regi Macedonum, vita longior data esset, etiam occidentem domuisset. Ritus familiae patrumque sereantor. SECOND CONJUGATION. I. — Active. 207. ///, itum. Coet'ceo, ere, to coerce, restrain. exerceo, " to exercise, drill. to owe. to have. to deserve. to advise, remind. ndceo^ ere, to hurt. deb CO, h&beo, 7}itreo, nibneo. (( (( i( pdreo, ptdceo, iaceo, terreo, vdleo. (( to obey, to please, to be silent, to terrify, scare, to be well, be able. We daily^ exercise the memory^. The general will drill the soldiers. The year has four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter. The little mice have sharp teeth. You obey nobody, my son ; you will be chastised. The whole world obeyed the Romans. Let us love our country and obey the laws. I should not deserve your praise, if I had not advised you. I shall command; you shall obey. The master should command ; the servant should obey. I will obey the divine laws. You (sing.) deserve chastisement, because you do not obey the laws. You owe more to your parents than to all other 98 SECOND CONJUGATION. men. i desire that you have a sound mind in a sound body. Fortunate men will always have friends. Fear injures soldiers. I admonish you to be silent. Be still and obey. Love virtue that you may please God. Exercise your memory daily, boys. Give not that to me which you owe to others. Boys should be good in order to please parents and teachers. I will give you the books which have pleased you. I would praise you, if you deserved praise. Let the citizens obey the laws. See^ to it that you are healthy and that you love us. Your brother owed me a large sum of money.^ In all things you shall use due measure. ^' i—quotidie (adverb). 2-memoria, ae. i-curo 1. i,-pecunia, ae. S-mobus, t, I use due measure or moderation: modum adhibSo, 2. 2o8. If you observe modcrati'S^ all things you shall be healthy. We are indebted to husbandmen ^ for many agree- able things. The late war has greatly injured our state. If you were very rich, you would have many friends; for rich men have many friends. If you observe moderation in all things, you shall be happy. Why have you been silent? See to it that you be healthy. Be silent, boys. Many men would be happier had they observed moderation in all things. If you love virtue, you will please God and all men. Obey the laws that you may not be punished. We will obey the words of wise old men. Obey the laws of God; if you obey them, you shall please God. We would have been silent, had you admonished us. Speech^ has always had great power. ^ Restrain your anger. Good manners effected more with^ the anciciit licnnans, than good laws with other nations. The showers of rain have hurt our crops. If you use your time well, you shall be praised and will deserve to be praised. You pleased your teachers, because you obeyed them. If you shall have ploughed the field well, you shall have good crops. ^ SECOND CONJUGATION. 99 That journey does not please me. Nothing will daunt the brave man ; neither^ menaces^ nor death. The elephants of king Pyrrhus tarificd the Roman cavalry. Those who shall have obeyed well, shall command well. We have the most necessary things. The great number of our ships teirijicd the enemy. i—rusttci, orum. 2—orano, dnts. 3— v/j. ^—apud with ace. ^—fruges, urn. 6 — neither, nor, neque-neque. 7 — minae, arum. 209. ui, no supine. floirOy I flourish, prosper. Intco, I am hidden. pdtco, I am open. splcndco, I shine. thnco, I fear, dread. vlrco^ I bloom. Mothers fear war. I fear something. What do you fear? You fear some evil. The upright man fears no man. The wise man will not fear death. Let wicked men fear the anger of God. The causes of many things are hidden. Gold glitters; virtues shine. The temple of Janus^ was open in time of war. The state will prosper, if the citizens will obey the laws. All the seas were open to the Romans. The trees that have blos- somed in spring, yield fruit^ in autumn. Spring is at hand^; woods and meadows will soon^ be blooming. Arts and sciences^ flourished in Greece. Our enemies were hidden in the forests. Thy ears will always be open to the truth. If I shall have loved virtue in life. Heaven will be open to me in the next world. If the Greeks had feared the Persian king Xerxes, they would not have become renowned. The fire is under^ the ashes. Those who transgress, will always dread punishment. I— Janus, i. 2—poma, orum. i—adsum. 4—mox. $—lit?rae, arum. 6—sub with abl. lOO SECOND CONJUGATION.. 2IO. Ddceo, docui, doc turn. ti^neo, feniii. {tentuin), rethicOy retiniii, retetitiun. mis ceo. miscui, mixtmn, juistiiDi, lorreOy torrid. iostiwi. censeo, censui. c en Slim, cilveo, cdvi, cautuui. fiiveOy favi, fail turn, indveo, moi'i, nibtiun. vdveo, voviy vbtum. doc ere. to teach. tcnire, to hold. re tin ere, to retain. miscere. to mix. torrere. to roast, dry. censire, to estimate. cavere. to caution, take care. favere. to favor. movere, to move. vovere. to vow. Let us teach other men virtue by our example. Poverty has taught men many arts. The first consuls had^ all the rights and insignia^ of kings. The commander who does not control^ him- self, will not control his army."* You should master^ your anger. The old Romans mingled water with wine. We have dried many grapes this year. The censors^ valued the property of the citi- zens. The general has mustered^ the army. The father favors not the son, if he does not obey the admonitions^ of the teacher. The good boys took care not to displease^ the teacher. I have always guarded against the company of wicked men. We have always favored and will favor those who excelled others in good manners. The north wind^ which blew^^ yesterday moved the lofty trees of our forest. What has moved the mind of your sister? ATnrius and Sulla provoked^^ the first civil war in Italy. Many generals, during battles, ^^ vowed temples and games to the gods. Codrus the last king of the Athenians gave^' himself up to death for'^ his country. I — tenco 2. 2 — tnsignr,is. 2, — contineo 2.4 — excrc\tus, us. 5 — censor, oris. 6—recensoi. ']—admonilio,onis. %—dispncco "l. ^—aquilla, ont's. 10— Jlo \. ^i—commov e a 2. 12— pugna, ae. i^—devdveo'^. 14— /ro with abl. 211. dcleo, delevi, dell'tiun, delere^ to destroy, erase fl^o. flcvi. flitum. Jlere, to weep. compleo. complevi. couipittiim, complere^ to accomplish. abd/eo, abolcvi, aboDtiim, abolire. to abolish. indulgeo. indulsi. indultiim, indutgere. to grant, indulge torqueo. torsi, tortum. to rq 11 ere, to turn. aiigeo. auxi. auctinn. augere. to increase. lUgeo, luxi. lugl're. to grieve. algeo. alsi, algere. fo frfp/e LX./ li V^V'A.'X^a ^ M ^^ _■-%■ >4 j-^ nrsi. urgire. to urge, compel. urgeo. SECOND CONJUGATION. lOI Who destroyed Carthage? Publius Scipio the younger. ^ Lightning destroyed our handsomest oak; lightning often destroys the work of man. God has filled the world with all good things; He has intermingled^ nothing of evil. The sun and the moon filP the whole world with their light. Arminius, who had freed Germany, reached (completed) the age of thirty-seven years.^ The Athenians abolished most of Draco's^ laws. You have indulged the faults of your children, and by this indulgence^ increased their faults. We have wrested^ the daeeer* from the hands of the assassin.^ Romulus increased the number of senators.'" Cicero favored Pompey, and in all things, increased his power." The Roman matrons" mourned for Brutus as'' for a common father. The soldiers on their march'' have perspired^' and frozen. The enemy have pressed us hard. Quintus Fabius/?//^/// very successfully against'*' the Samnites and destroyed them. i-parvus. a, urn. 2-admisseo 3. 2>-impieo 2. s,— annus, i, aetdtis. ^-Draco, dnis. 6-indulgentia, ae. -j-extorqueo 2. ^-sica, ae, g-stcarius, t. lo-senator, oris, w-potentia, ae. \2-n1atrdna, ae. \2,-velut. lA-iter. 15-sudo 1. 16-contra with ace. 212. Ardeo, mtineo, niulceo, r'ldeo, siiddeo, prandeo, s^deo, obsideo, v\deo, inordeo, spondeo, respo?ideo, tondeo. arst, man si, tnulsi, r'lsi, sudsi, prafisi, sedi, obsediy vidiy ntomordi, spopofidi, respondi, totondi. arsum, mansum, mulsum, r'lsiim, sua sum, pransum, session, obsessum, visum, morsum, span sum, respo7isum, ton sum. ardere, 7nanere, mulcere, ridere, suadere, p rand ere, sedere, obsidere, videre, mordere, spondere, respondere, tonderCy to burn, be on fire. to remain. to caress. to laugh. to counsel, advise. to dine. to sit. to besiege. to see. to bite. to vow, promise. to answer. to shear. Twenty-two houses were burnt in our town yesterday at the same time. Many monuments^ have remained^ up to^ our time. Orpheus* by his songs appeased^ wild beasts and moved rocks and oaks. Fortune has never smiled^ upon me. 102 SECOND CONJUGATION. Why did you laugh? The Persians ridiculaV the small number of the Greeks, but^ they were put to flight by them. We advise you to obey the laws. Demosthenes recommended war to the Athenians against^ Philip, king of Macedon. When I shall have dined I shall take a walk. We sat on the stern and held the helm.'** The ancient Romans did not sit at meals but« reclined. The Greeks besieged Troy" ten years. Wealth did not always increase the happiness of those who possessed" it. Take care that we may see you. On our journey we have seen many mountains and valleys. When I shall see you, I shall hasten to'' you. The wolf which had bitten our two sheep ivas chased aivay (put to flight) by me. He that does not perform what he has promised, is faithless. You have answered to'' what we have asked.'* We will answer to what you shall ask. The daughters of Dionysius the tyrant,'' shaved his beard. Yesterday we saw all the stars, to-day they are hidden by the clouds. i~monumentu)n,i. 2—permaneo 'i. 3— m5^«<' arfwith ace. \— Orpheus, i. ^—permulceo^, (i—art'ideo'i.Kadridro.-^-di'ytdeo'i. ?^-sed. ^—contra with ace. \o-gubernaculum,i. II— Troja, ae. 12— possideo 2. it,- ad with ace. 14—rogo 1. i^—tyrannus, i. 213. Carcere animalia coercemus, qidlms natura caelum assignavit. Exercete quotidie memoriam. Cura, tit menteni samvn in corpore sano habeas. Sapientes Jiomines in omndnis lebus viodiim adhdwnt. Omnes antiqiiae gentes regibus quondam paruerunt. Facile omnes, cum^ valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damns. Alien a vitia in oculis Jiabemus\ nostra a tergo sunt. Reges plurimum inter'"-' Jiomines valent. Magistratibus cives parento. Qui dedit beneficnim, taceat, x_Conjunction, when. 2— Preposition, among. 214. .Pythagdras philosophus pueros modestiam et litterarum studium docuit. Leontinus Gorgias centum et septem complevit annos neque unquam in suo studio cessavit. Sol omnia sua luce complet. Omnibus, qui patriam conservaverunt, adjuverunt. SECOND CONJUGATION. 103 auxerunty in each est certus locus. Themistocles persuasit populo, ut classis ciedificaretur Marcus Crassus semel in omni vita risit. Dcum non vides. Elephantos Italia primum^ vidit Pyrrhi regis bello. Canis timldus vehementius latrat quam mordet. Mors quotidie immlnet. I— For the first time. II. — Passive. 215. Many animals are terrified by fire. Obey, when you are admonished. We are instructed by the loss^ of others. Processions^ were held'^ in honor of the god Bacchus. When you have attained a good knowledge in sciences (i. e. w^ien you are exercised in sciences), your souls will be enriched with many useful things. I was detained a long time^ in the city. By nothing shall we be hindered^ from our duty.« If you had been silent, you would have been taught. You are feared by many, O tyrant Dionysius; but you also fear many! The ancient Romans were fond of wine mingled with water. Our army will be drilled in arms. The best was always advised me by you. Be moved by the tears^ and supplications^ of unhappy men. The number of our ships will be increased. Mayest thou be loved rather^ than feared. ^-damnum, i. 2-pompa,ae. 2,-habeo^. 4-^'« (adv.) ^-promeot, 6-officium,t. n-lachryma^ae. S-prgces,um. 9-mfl^/^ (adv.) 216. The Roman legions were feared by the Greeks. You should not be kept from {ab) your duty by the difficulty^ of things, (i. e. , by the difficulty of their performance). He who is not moved by entreaties will not be moved by threats. Be taught now, in order that you may afterwards^ teach. The dagger was wrested from {ex) the hands of the assassin. The Romans elected^ two consuls at a time, in order that one might be restrained by the other. The slaves who had 104 SECOND CONJUGATION. conspired'^ against'' the state, were tortured^ by the lictors. '^ By the speeches of the generals, the courage^ of the soldiers was raised (increased). Moderation is observed by us. Alcibiades^ was loved and feared by his fellow-citizens. Cato'" the Klder^* demanded that Carthage should be destroyed. If anyone'" would count the sands of the sea, he would be laughed at by all. Brave men will not be frightened by threats. i—difficuUas, atis. 2—olim. ^—cr^'ol. 4—conjuro I. 5— co«/r'. to come. to invent, discover. to find out. to find. to open. to cover. to jump. The Romans did not bury dead bodies in the city. The Athenians buried Aristides\ the most just of all the the Greeks, at public expensed The time of death will come swifdy. When Roman messengers^ bade Ariovistus, chiefs of the Germans, come to^ Caesar, he answered: "Who is this Caesar? Let him come to me himself." Spring will come and cover the earth with grass and flowers. Laelius and Scipio came to^ Cato to hear his sayings. You have come into« the city by {abl.) the same road by which I had come. Hercules^ would not have come to^ the gods, if he had not prepared a way to^ them by virtue. Time has invented many things, and will invent many more. Had not somebody shown us the way, we would not have found it. When the Athenians found out (learned) the arrival of the io8 FOURTH CONJUGATION. Persians, t/uy demanded diSsistdincQ of (^) the Lacedaemonians. What we blame in others, the same we will find in ourselves. Spring opens the seas to the sailors. I have found help in myself. The Roman legions often cut their way through'^ the enemy by the sword. If we had alwa>'s opened our ears to the truth, we would be wiser and better. Tn a cavalry engagement, the Suevi^*' dismounted" (from^'^ their horses) and fought on foot [abl. phir.). Remus, the brother of Romulus, leaped ovcr^^ the new walls of Rome. These flowers are very beautiful ; where did you find them ? i—Aristtdes,is. 2— At public expense, />«3/)fr^ (aii\ 4 rb). 2>—legatus,i. ^—prtnceps, cipis. 5— a(/ (with ace.) 6— m (with ace.) y— Hercules, is. 8—a(iventus,us. g—per (with ace.) 10— .S'7/^z'/, orum. w—desllio 4. 12— de (with abl.) 13— leaped over, transllio 4. 224. Farcio, farsi. fartum^ farc'ir-e, to cram full fulciOy fulsi, fultiim^ ^iilc'ire, to support. haurio, /lausi, haustum, haurire, to draw. saiicio^ san.vi, J sanctiDH^ \ sanc'itum^ sa7ic'irc, to ratify. sarcio, sarsi, sartmn, sarnre, to repair. saepio, sacpsi, sac p turn, saep'ire. to fence in. z'ificio^ znn.vi, vinctiDH, vine ire, to tie. sentio, seusi, scnsutu, senilre, to feel. O Tullius Cicero, thou hast filled^ thy books on^ philoso- phy^ with the most glorious examples of virtue ! By your bravery, O warriors, you have sustained and saved your country! Draw pure water out of {iw) this well; many girls have already drawn of the same water. Socrates drank with a joyful and cheerfuH countenance the poison. ^ The civil war exhausted^ the state treasury. "^ Jupiter himself ratified the laws of the Cretans.* Peace has quickly repaired the damages of war. God^ has covered and fenced the eyes with very tender pellicles.'*' God has subjected the whole race of man to the same law of mortality." Endeav^or to oblige^^ many people. Animals also feel pain. If you will sleep, you will FOURTH CONJUGATION, 109 feel nothing. Spring will come ; everything will bloom and become green ; we will feel the warmth of the sun and hear the song of the birds. Who is so wretched as not to have experienced the munificence^' of God. We have noted your plan. Many Romans assented'' to (the advice of) Cato, who advised the war against^' the Carthagenians. ^-referclo\, 2-rf.. with abl. ^-philosophia, ae. ^-himrus^e. ^-venenum,x. e-exhauno^. ,-aeraruon.i. ^-Cretenses, ium ^Deus,u ^^^^^^f^^^tla ^^-n^ortaHtas,at^s. i2-devincw i. M-mumficenUa, ae. x^-assenHo \. .^-contra, with ace. 225. Multas res ncscivtus. Liber' is est, qui nulli turpitudiui servit. Imperator Augustus non amplius quam septem Iwras donniehat. Pythagorei'' magnam Graeciam^ institutis suis erudiverunt. Ipsi fontes jam sitinnt. Serviamus glonae! Obedttote, cives, legibus. Vhgines Vestalcs semptterman ionevi Vestae cvstodiebant. Boni cives patriae servient ct legtbUs obedient. Hercules laboribus sibi viam ad deos vmmvit. Lacedaemonii cenam labore, fame, siti condiebant. Pauct homines veniunt ad senectutem. Hercditas est pecuma, quae vwrte alieujus ad guempiam pervenit jure.^ Dens oeulcs ^ mcmbrauis tenuissimis vestivit ae sepsit. Non sentn.nt v,n _ fortes in aeie vulnera. Quis est tarn mtser, ut non Dei munificentiam senserit? Jupiter Saturnum patrem vinxit. ,_U an adjective. .-The Pythagoreans, disciples of '^' P"^^"/^"-^*"^"^- ),-mas«a Graicia, Major Greece. ^-a\>\; by r.ght, legallj. 11. — Passive. ^26 If you do not obey the teachers, you are punished. I„i Herodotus,^ who is called the "Father of History,"* innumerable* fables^ are found. Let us take pams to be instructed You shall be punished if you will not obey the laws of your country. Let the other party be also heard. With the ancient Egyptians dead bodies were not buried but no FOURTH CONJUGATION. embalmed. It was a Roman law that no one should be buried in the city. The treaty of the Romans with {cum) the Latins, was ratified by sacrifices.^ Romulus was preserved and suckled by {a) a she-wolf. Let us obey the laws; then^ we shall not be punished. With the Romans the land was guarded by legions and the sea by fleets. We would be punished, if we did not obey the laws. Lacedaemon was not fortified by walls. The Lacedaemonians would have fortified their city by walls, had it not been fortified by the bravery of its citizens. I— c/«i/, with aec. 2—Heroddtus,i. 2>—historia,ae. i,—innuinerabilis, e. ^—fabula^ ae. 6 — sacra ^ ortim. "j — tum. 227. By example we are instructed in what is best. By whom were you clothed and fed? He, by whom you were clothed and fed, will not always feed and clothe you. You will not always be fed and clothed by others. In ancient times^ the corpses of men were not buried but burned.- Justice^ and other virtues are often found in {in) the lowest* people. The cities are fortified by walls, that they may not be taken by the enemy. The ancient Britains^ were clothed with skins. Many things would not be decreed by law, if all citizens were good, upright and wise. By this language your anger will be appeased. Saturn had been bound by his son Jupiter. Without^ air sound^ would not be heard. The camps were not fortified by the ancient Germans ; bravery was (instead^ of) their fortification.^ The bones of Thcmistocles who had taken poison (drank poison) zvere buried by his friends in Attica. ^° \—antiquus, a, urn. 2—crfmo 1. 3—jus/iiia, ar. 4—tn/>not, us. ^—Brtlantii, orum. 6 — sine, with abl. y—sonus, i. S—pro, with abl. <)—munilio, onis. 10 — Aitica, dt. 228. You will be instructed in the best by example. The tops of the highest mountains are covered with clouds. You would be slothful, if you were not punished. I was fed and clotJied by my father, and the same ever loves, admonishes and clothes me. By whom were j/^// /<:y/ and clothed? This water zvas draivn out of a pure well. The robbers have been discovered and bound ; they shall be punished. The repast THIRD CONJUGATION. II I of the Lacedaemonians was seasoned by exercise, sweat, ^ hun-er and thirst. Lightning is seen before the thunder is heard. Life is called happ^^ when it is filled with good things. I am instructed now ^ by those by whom I was instructed formerly. « The residence* of the tyrant Dionysius was sur- rounded by guards.^ Alexander opened the tomb« in which Cyrus was buried. The Roman porticoes were supported by the most beautiful columns. ' Scipio alone sustained by his valor the Roman republic, whose power« (strength) was exhausted by the Punic^ wars. With- us (at our place) a ereat number of Roman vessels" are found every year.^^ I sudor oris 2-nunc. ^- antea. ^-re^ia, ae [domus xs onnKi^A). f,-custodtaae. 6-.»«;r " y-colunma'ae. S-vrs, in plural, .ues, .,ru.., viritus. 9-/^-^--. 1 uT To-apud, lith ace. n-.... vasis, plural, vasa, vasorum, vas^s, accordmg to 2 declension. 12— guoiannis (adverb). o^g Oratores cum severitate andiimUir, foctae autem cum voluptate Terra vestita est floribus, herbis, arbor ibus, frugibus. Titus Pomponius Atticus sepultus est juxta' viam Appiam.^ Ad salutem civium leges iuventae sunt. Parentes curant ut liberi bene educentur et erudiantur. Animi tristitia spe bona lenietuK Romulus et Remus a lupa nutriti sunt J etc res Germani castra non muni eb ant ; a Romanis castra muniebanturet custodiebantur. i-Preposition. fl/^«^. 3-The Appian road, a road leading from Rome to Capua. THIRD CONJUGATION. I. — Active. 230. Actio, acid, acUtum, acuire, sharpen. induo, I put on. miniio, I diminish, lessen. ruo, {rid, rutum), I throw, or tumble. dirtw, I destroy. obruo, 1 cover over. spuo, I spit. statuo, I establish. triduo, I impart, render. sotvo, {solvi.solntuni), I loose, pay, solve. volvo, {volviy votfdum), I resolve. Without a Supine. argue, I argue, impeach. liio, I pay (the penalty). metuo, I fear, am afraid. 1 1 THIRD CONJUGATION. 231. Slaves fear their master. The slaves feared Appius Claudius. Why are you afraid ? You fear the thieves. We shall not fear death. Caesar diminished by his bravery the timidity of the soldiers. You would fear nothing, neither threats nor death, if you served God alone. The emperor Nero ivas so cruel that all the Romans feared him. Why have you sharpened your knives. Often sons and grandsons pay for the crimes of parents. The ass //// on the skin of the lion, that the animals might fear him. ^ Pay the money which you owe me. Do not fear death, my son. Whole cities were often ruined 2 by earthquakes*^. If you were upright and diligent, you would free (loose) me from all cares. The enigmas which you have given us we shall solve to-morrow.* The Athenians iuipcacJicd Socrates, the most just of men, for impiety.'^ Render to us the praise which we have deserved. Our ships weighed (lifted) anchor. « Sisyphus^ rolled a rock up« a mountain. I have searched^ every book (all books) and have not'" found what I wished. 1 -Reflexive pron. ^—corruo'^. 2>—mdtus {us) terrar. 4— tr^j (adv.) l—impietas, atis. d—ancdra, ae. ^— Sisyphus, i. S—in, with ace. g-evo/vo'i. 10— And not, n^guf. 232. The robbers will pay for their crimes with their heads. The soldiers have sharpened their swords. I will come to^ you in order to pay you the sum of money I owe you. In the time of Deucalion, ^ a deluge^ submerged (overflowed) the greater part of the earth. The friendship which utility* shall have established^ will be unstable. Upon this hill w^e shall raise'^ a high tower, that we may see the enemy. Tullus Hostilius would not have destroyed Alba Longa, ^ if Mettius luffetius, the leader of the Albans,"^ had kept his word. The earthquake teas so great that many houses fell in ruins. The inhabitants of Tarentum had spit upon^the toga'^ of a Roman THIRD CONJUGATION. 113 ambassador. You should spurn^« the society of the wicked, then all the good will render you great praise. The Gauls re/used all conditions'^ (terms) of peace. The Athenians stoned (covered with stones) a certain Cyrsilus,^^ because he advised them to stay in the city. Render not greater praise to thy friends than they have deserved. By exercise you will increase your vigor; by indolence,'^ diminish it. If you will free our city from this danger, the king will bestow upon you great rewards. i_arf with ace. 2-DeucaIto.,onts. ^-diluviuvt, L ,-utrlUas, atts. ^-constauo^^. l-AlbaLon,a,ae. ,-Albam,orum. ^-conspuo Z. .-toga, ae ^o-respuo 6, u^conditio, onis. 12-Cyrstlus, i. n-pigritia, ae or tnertta, ae. 233. Scr'ibo, cat'pOy d'lco, diicOy affl'igo, COflfllgO, cdquo, cingo, jimgo, rt'go, pergo, SllJgO, trUho, v^ho, extinguo, distingiio. scripsiy carp si, dixi, dux'i, afflixi, co7iflixi, coxi, chixi, junxi, rexi, perrexiy surrexi, iexi, traxiy vexi, extinxi, distinxi. scrip turn, carptum, dictum, diictmn, afflictum, conflictum coctuniy cinctiwh junctiaHy rectum, perrectum, surrectum, tectum, tractum, vectum, extinctum, distinctum, scribt're, carp^re, dicltre, ductre, afflig^re, conflig^re, coquire, cing^re, jungtre, reg^re, pcrg^re, surg^re, teg^re, trahire, veh'ire, extingu^re, distingu^re, to write. to pluck. to say. to lead. to strike down. to battle with. to cook. to gird. to join. to govern. to proceed. to rise. to cover. to pull, drag. to carry, ride. to extinguish. to distinguish. 234. Write a letter' to* thy brother; for he has written to you already \.^so letters and you have not' answered him. Cicero wrote many (and) very beautiful orations. I write this letter at the ninth hour of the night. The Romans surrounded the camp with a dike* and a trench.-^ King Tarquin surmmded the city with a wall. If you always tell the truth, all men will believe you." The praetor' sat on the tribunal^ and 114 TIIIRI) CONJUGATION. administered justice (declared the right). I will always tell the truth, but I will not tell all things to all men. Cato in his book which he ii)rote on» husbandry'" said many things excel lently concerning the nature of vines. Why did you say at one time'' this; at another time"" that? Socrates always said the same. Children should not contradict'"' their parents. The Romans declared^' war against many nations. Alexander comuiandid^' the Greeks to render him" divine honor. The Britons led their women with [ciwi) them into the engagement (battle). The Persian king, Xerxes, took with him to" Greece I200 war- vessels,'' 2000 transport-vessels,'' 700,000 infantry and 400,000 cavalry. The riches of Asia'' vitiated''' the morals of the Romans. I have inflicted-' a deep wound with my sword on the leader of the enemy. i-epistola, ae. 2-ad, with ace. 3-how is "and not " translated ? i-vaUum, t. 5-/ossa,ae. 6-to beheve, , /idem hadere H. 1-praetor, arts. 9,- tribunal, dlis. 9-de, with abl. io-r,'srusfica,rei rustical. ii-At one time-at another time: modo-modo (now-now). 12 - contradlco ^. i2>-indico ^. H-edico 'i. 15-Reflexive. i6-i«, with ace. i-]-navis longa. iS-navis onrrana. ig—Asta^ae. 20-affl'igo '^. 21 - injiig o 'i, 235. Alexander twice >//^/// (in batde) with {ami) Darius. ^ You should contract friendship with good men. With whom did you contract friendship yesterday? Two consuls governed the Roman republic. Themistocles ivas disinherited'^ by his father; this disgrace, ^ however, did not cast him dozcn^ but exalted'' him. Numa improved^ the manners of the Roman citizens. When^ did you rise to-day? When we rose, w^e ivcnt^ to {ad) you. When the Roman people had refused^ Roman citizen- ship to the allies,'' all Italy rosc"^ in {ad) war against {contra) the city. Dense forests covered ancient Germany. Cicero by his vigilance," discovered^'' the plans of the conspirators.'* Achilles" dragged the body of Hector"' around'' the city of Troy. Xerxes, king of the Persians, mustered'^ a great army against {contra) the Greeks. When Dionysius had come into TlllKl) CONJUGATIOX. 115 20 {in) the temple of Jupiter, he pulled off^^ the golden cloak with which king Hiero"' had adorned Jupiter. You would have incurred"^ great hatred, '^^ if you had counselled us to declare war. White horses drew Camillus, when he con- quered.^' What I wrote yesterday, I blotted out to-day. You have erred, because you did not distinguish between the true and false. "'^^ I— Darius, i. 2—exheredo 1. i—contumelia, ae. ^—affligo 3. ^—erlgo 3. 6—cor>tgo 3. l—quando. S—pergoll. g-n^go \. io—socius,i. 11— consurgo W. \2—vigilantia, ae. xi—det?go 3. \\—conjurlxtus, i. 15— Achilles, is. 16— Hector, dris. 17—circum, with ace. 1%—contraho 3. i()—detrdho 3. 20— amtculum, t. 21— Hiero, onis. 22— odium, t. 22,—triumpho 1. 2j^—falsus, a, um. 236. Cbnio^ compsi. comptum, comt^re. to brush up. demo. dempsi. de) upturn. demt're. to take away. promo, prompsi, prompiuni, prom^re. to reach out. sumo. sump si. sump turn. sujn^re, to take. siruo. stru.vi. sir uc turn, struere, to build up. vivo. vixi. victum. vivi're. to live. g^ro. gessi, gestmn. gerltre, to wear, bring. uro, ussi, ustum. urHe to burn. 237. The tyrant Dionysius took away the golden beard from Aesculapius. ^ PVom {ex) this apple-tree we have often already taken beautiful apples. ^ The soldiers took their weapons and fought (with cum) the enemy. If you will write books, you should select subjects^ to which your ability shall be equal. The Romans built ^ the first fleet in the first Punic war. The general will lead^ the army out of {ex) the camp, in order to form^ the line of battle. When the general had formed the line of battle, he exhorted the warriors not to {ne) fear the great number of the enemy and to fight bravely. Caesar Av/ his army to' the next hill, to form the line of batde. The enemy had walled in^ all the gates of the city, that the city might not be taken. If we had not conquered the encn \ . we could not live in {in) peace. Cicero and Caesar lived at ii6 TH1RI> CONJUGATION. the same time. If you had always Hved well you would never have feared death. He whose soul shall be possessed^ by fear will not accomplish''' anything important {a good deed) in war. Hannibal aeeoniplished great deeds" with a small body of men. The Romans i^niged three great wars against {contra) the Carthaginians. As Dionysius feared razors/' he burned" his hair'' with a coal.'^ Many ancient nations burned'^ \kiQ bodies of men. I -Aesculapius. 2~ malum, i. z— materia, ae. 4—exsiruoS. 5—edtlico i\. S—insiruo S, 7— 2« with ace. 8-obstruoli, ()—occupo\. \o—gero^. \i—res gero'^, 12— culter ionsorius. li—adUro 3. 14—capillus, z. is-catdo, outs. \6—comburo 3. 23S. Ft fi^g-0, finxi, fictiim, fingl^re, to form. pifii^o, pitixi, pictiim, pini^l^re, to paint. striugo, strinxi, strictinn, stiingt^re, to draw together. contcmno, contempsi, cotitemptum, couitcnin^re^ to contemn. all'icio, allcxi, allectiim, allicl^re, to entice. ehcio, elicui, elic)tnm, eliccre, to elicit. consplcio, cofispexi, coyispectum, conspidre, to behold. 239. Lysippus made (formed) very beautiful statues. Apelles^ and V.Quyixs'^ painted splendid pictures. The grapes which Zeuxis had painted were so beautiful, that the birds flew towards {ad) them^ The soldiers have drawn the sword. Catiline^ bound '^ his companions^ by the strictest oath.' Do not despise small matters. Socrates despised death so much,* tliat he took the poison with a serene countenance. You have despised what the teachers had commanded; therefore you have been punished. Catihne in many ways^ taught evil (bad things) to the youths, whom he had enticed. Caesar drrcu the enemy out of the morasses and forests by stratagem. When our general beheld the enemy, he forth with'V;/^^^r<^ X (with enm) him. i—Apelles ts. 2.— Zeuxis, Idis. T,.—advdlo 3. /^.—Catilina, ae. ^.—constringo 3. 6.—S0CIUS t. i.—jusjurandum, jurisjurandi. 8.— So much, fl!rfulch)itFido, Im's. 4 — eripio. JJ. 246. You should despise no one. The emperor Galba, who rilled after ^ Nero, was despised by the greater part of the Romans. Thieves and robbers should be put- into^ chains* (bonds). If you would take up arms against (conird) your country, you would be a bad citizen ; for none but bad citizens take up arms against their country. You will receive^ a present from {a) us, if you will do what we wish. Judges^ should not accept'' presents. The laws order^ you to shun the company of the wicked. You are more easily deceived^ than your brother. If you will believe all men, you will often be deceived. One crow will not pluck out" the eyes of another.'" Hares are often caught with traps." Lead us, O most valiant general, into battle, that we may undergo'' danger for {pro) our country. Most things are perceived'"^ by the senses.'* Slothful boys shun exercise. See to it that the strength of your body be restored'^ by meat and drink.'*' You would not be allured b)' pleasure, if you were wise. Tr'idhr'' receive'" him, who enters'^ your house, begging for help.'' Disloyal soldiers shall be put to dcaui , liius our laws ordain.^ The ancient Romans battered" the walls of those cities which they besieged with iron'^' rams. Caesar fled m order to withdraw the enemy from {ex) the forests. T'- - fox reproached"^* the lioness,'^' because she brought forth^' onlr^ one young. ''* The lioness answered: only one young do I bring forth, but he a lion. i-/>oj/ with ace. 2-conjicio '^^ j-m with ace. i^-vinculum, i. ^-accipio %, 6-judex,Uts. -j-prcrc^pio ^. %-dec^io Z. ^-effMio ^^. lo-By repeating c^r«z^, as in the sentence : one good turn deserves another, (one hand washes another): manus manumlavaty ii-lagueus, i. i2-suscipio ^i. i^-perctpio Z. H-sensus,us. '^-J'-fi^'lf; le-pofio, cms. .1-benisnus, a, um. ^%-recipto 3. 19-m/ro 1. ^o-suppiex, lets ^,-rnterficio ^i, 22- c on c utio %. 22,-ferreus, a, um. 2^~-exprobro Z, 2^-lea:na, ae. 26—pario 3. 27— not translated. 2S—caiulus, i. PERFECT AND SUPINE OF THE THIRD CONGUGATION. 247- Claudo, /crdo, iiidOy p/audo, trudo, invade ^ divide, flectOy nectOy ^nergo, sparge, niitte, cede, clausi, Icesi, lnsi, plaiisiy trusi, iuvdsi, div'isi, fiexi, nexi, niersi, spar si, fixi, viisi, V clausum, Ic^sum, lusiim, piaiisutn, trusum, invdsum, div'isum, flexum, nexum, mersiini, spar sum, Jixum, rnissuni, cessum, cessi, cencutie, cencussi, cencussum, prhne, pressi, pre s sum, flue, flU'Xi, fluxum, claudh'e^ Icedltre, ludire, plaud^re, trudire, invad^re, divider e, fiectirey nectt^re, merg^re, sparg^re, figl'te, 7nitt^re, cedire, cencut^re, prem^re, fluire. to shut. to hurt. to play. to clap, applaud. to thrust. to attack. to divide. to bend. to tie. to submerge. to strew. to fasten. to send. to yield. to shake. to press. to flow. 248. The temple of Janus which was closed in (time of) peace, zms closed twice after {post) the reign^ of Xuma. Our soldiers have cut off^ the flight of the enemy. The 1< riuins divided Gaul-^ into (/;/) Cisalpine and Transalpine; the latter was divided mto three parts. By your perjury* you have 120 THIRD CONJUGATION. which is bad and shun that which rs good. Let us shun {Jlee) vice. All men should shun vice. Do what I have advised you. I will do this. The hares run, when they see or hear the dog. Catch this butterfly. We will flee to {ad) you, when our city shall be conquered. You should do, O citizens, what the magistrates^ shall order. Truth begets hatred. Truth would not beget hatred, if we could appreciate (see into) the beauty'*^ of truth. Solon and Socrates were Athenians. Tell me which of the two has been wiser. Very many stars are not seen by us. Do good and avoid evil. Be thou delivered* from danger. Virtue will not be wrested * from us. Flee when thou art enticed by the wicked. The warmth of the sun draws the produce from {ex) the earth. I— pro with abl. 2 — ntasistratus, us. ^—pulchritudo, Im's. 4 — eripw. JJ. 246. You should despise no one. The emperor Galba, who ;7//^v/ after ^ Nero, was despised by the greater part of the Romans. Thieves and robbers should be put^ into^ chains* (bonds). If you would take up arms against (conira) your country, you would be a bad citizen ; for none but bad citizens take up arms against their country. You will receive^ a present from {a) us, if you will do what we wish. Judges^ should not accept"* presents. The laws order^ you to shun the company of the wicked. You are more easily deceived^ than yonr brother. If you will believe all men, you will often be deceived. One crow will not pluck out'' the eyes of another.'" 1 iares are often caught with traps." Lead us, O most valiant general, into battle, that we may undergo^' danger for {pro) our country. Most things are perceived'"'' by the senses.'* Slothful boys shun exercise. See to it that the strength of your body be restored'^ by meat and drink. "^ You would not be allured by pleasure, if you were wise. K iidly^^ receive"^ him, who enters'^ your house, begging for THIRD CONJUGATION. 121 help.™ Disloyal soldiers shall be put to death r' thus our laws ordain.^ The ancient Romans battered" the walls of those cities which they besieged with iron'' rams. Caesar fled in order to withdraw the enemy from {ex) the forests. The fox reproached"'* the lioness,^' because she brought forth^' only" one young.'' The lioness anszvered: only one young do I bring forth, but he a lion. x-PoU with ace. 2-conjicio 3. Z-in with ace. ^-vinculum, i. ^-accipio %, 6-/ud^,tcis. -j-prcBcmo^, %-decmo%. <,-eff6dro ^. lo-By repeating ror«.^ as in the sentence : one good turn deserves another, (one hand washes another): manus manumlavatr ii-lagueus, i. i2-suscipto '^. iz-P^rc^roZ. H-sensus,us. ^S-^'^A''^ J*. z6-poho, cms. ^1-b.nignus, a, um. x%-rectpio 3. x<^tntro \. .o-supplex, icts. 2i-tni.rJicto S. 22-concutio Z. 25-Arreus, a, um. 2^-exprobro Z, 2^-lec^na, ae. 26— parlo 3. 27--not translated. 2'&—catulus, t. PERFECT AND SUPINE OF THE THIRD CONGUGATION. 247. C/ancfo, /a' do, I II do, piaiido, triido, invado, div'ido, flecto^ necto, mergo, spargo, figo, tnitto, cedo. clausi, Icesi, lusi, pi an si, trusi, iuvdsi, div'isi, fiexi, 7iexi, inersi, spai'si, fixi, niisi. V clausiim, Ice sum, lusiini, plausum, trusum, invasuni, div'isum, flexmn, nexum, tnersinn, sparsum, fixuni^ tnissiini, cessinn. cessi, concidio, concussi, concussum, pr^mo, pressi, pressmn, jiuo, fluxi, fluxum, ' claudtre^ Icsdtre, ludire, plaudtre, trudltre, ifii'ad^re, dii'idt:re. Hectare, inerg^re, spargers, miit^re, cedh'e, concuttre, prenic're, flu^re. to shut. to hurt. to play. to clap, applaud. to thrust. to attack. to divide. to bend. to tie. to submerge. to strew. to fasten. to send. to yield. to shake. to press. to flow. oi) Our 248. The temple of Janus which was closed in (tii peace, was closed twice after {post) the reign^ of Numa. soldiers have cut off^^ the flight of the enemy. The Romans divided Gaul^ into {in) Cisalpine and Transalpine; the latter was divided into three parts. By your perjury* you lu . c 122 THIRI^ CONJUGATION. violated the divine and human law. All the Greeks who were present^ applauded^ the Roman herald^ who announced^ the liberty of Greece. The opinion^ of Epicurus''* on'' a happy life U'cis rejccted^^ by most philosophers. When the stren<^th of our army was reduced, the enemy attacked us. Do not turn asidc'^ from {a) the path of virtue. Alexander the Great anncxcd^^ several islands to {dat.) the continent.'^ All virtues are united'® with^^ each other. Gajus Duilius su?ik^^ in the naval battle** of Mylae'^^ a part of the Carthai^inian fleet. Whoever shall have mocked"' the authority" of the magistrates, shall be punished. The Romans casi'"^ Manlius down from"^* the Tarpeian^"* rock. A great part of the cavalry was severed from the army. God has infused*** inmiortal souls into (/>/) human bodies. i—i('gnuni,i 2 — tntcrcludo '^. 3 — Gallia, ar. \—perjurinm^i. ^—adsum. 6—apf>lauiio 'i, T—prcPco, onts. 9>—proHuntio \, g—sffilrntia, af. 10 — Epicurus, i. 11 — i r 10 ficed'-^ property and life for {pro) their country. Ihe forces of the Romans zvar often defeated^' by Hannibal. The hoofs^-' of cattle are cleaved. Julius Caesar was stabbed'' in twenty- three places. In the third Punic war the Carthaginians tore down'' roofs'^ and houses. The arrival of Caesar disturbed the mind of Pompey. When the boy Plato slept in a garden, bees alighted'' on his mouth. The army of Croesus, which had already been dispirited by the disasters^^ of former engage- ments, 7cas easily^^ routed by Cyrus. The bridge over the Rhone^'^ 7vas torn doivn'' by Caesar. The Romans destroyed'' a great many cities; some"^^ of which t/uy rebuilt.'' ^-po?sis, is, a Greek word), or ars f>omca. 2-jussu .ubi. 3-^"#^^^ »• 4-«^^/« (adverb). s-ascendo 'i. ,- reru.n senator, or,s. n-reprehendo %. ^-co.^do ^ [-pro/undo I ^o-cop,a, arum. u-fundo 3. ..-un.ula ae ;3--«y^j^^ ^. negotium.u .<)-Rhodinus, i. 20-cverto Z. 2.-nonnullus, a, um. 22-restUuo i, 253. Sicily was severed^ from {ab) Italy by an earthquake. When Darius in his flight was thirsty, he drank muddy^ water. If you had sent aid, we would have defended and saved the city. Numantia,^ a city of Spain, was bravely defended by the citizxns. Alexander, king of the Macedonians, eut^ the knot of Gordius with his sword. Your letter has banished^ every« doubt^ from (r.r) my mind. When Romulus and THIRD CONJUGATION. 125 Remus were thrown into the water, the Tiber had overflown (flown 8 over^) its banks. Many cities have already been destroyed by earthquakes. Caesar retained'' in memory the names of all his soldiers. Agesilaus"'' friends encased''' his body in wax.^' Rome ivas set on fire by Nero. Cicero trans- lated" into Latin'' several Greek works (books). We do not defend with words what you have done badly. We eat, that we may live ; you live, that you may eat and drink. When we had taken the fruit from {ex) the tree, we ate it. If you be (shall be) caught'^ in theft, '^ you shall suffer punishment. The Gauls who ascended the Capitol, ivere hurled down by Manlius. ^-avello 3. 2-turbidus, a, um. ^-Numantta, ae. ^-diffindo 3. s-evelh 3. e-omms. e. -j-scrUpulus, i. ^-effundo 3. (use passive). ^-super (with accO \o-coruprehendo ^. ..-A^esilaus,i. .2-crrcumfundo 'i, ..-cera.ae. ^^-converto%, 15— in Latinum. 16.— deprehendo 3. ^j.—furtum, u 254. Ciino, cedni, {cantuni) pHrio, peph'i, partiim, tango, tetigi, tactum, attingo, aitlgi, attactum, pungo, puprigi.piinctum, sisto, {sitti), stntuni, resisto, restiti, rest)tum, can^rCy partre^ tang'ire, atimg^re, p linger Cy sist^re, 1 esistt^re, to sing. to bring forth. to touch. to adjoin, to reach, to near. to sting. to place. to resist. Compounds of Dare. abdo, addo, condo, edo, per do, prodo, reddOy trddo, vendOy credo, abdidiy add\diy cond^diy ed1di, perdldi, prodldi, reddidit tradidi, vendidiy credldi, abditum, addltuni, cond)tuin, ed\tuniy pcrdlium, prod^iium, redd t turn, irad)tum, vendVum, cred^ium, abdire, add^re, condtre, ed^re, perd^re, prodtre, redd^re, irad^re, vend^rCy credere. to hide. to add. to establish. to pubUsh. to lose, destroy. to betray. to return. to deliver. to sell. to believe. 126 THIRD CONJUGATION. 255. Two nightingales^ have sung this night in our garden. Delos was sacred to Apollo and Diana, because Latona- had given them birth on this island. He who has touched a rose, has felt the thorns. ^ Your letter has so hurt (stung) me, that sleep failed me. The Cantabrians* especially*'^ of {i\v) all the nations of Spain, resisted the Roman armies. Two temples in the Capitol 7i>nr struck^ by ligJitning in one year. Bravery acquired ( begot) a name for the Roman people, and eternal renown for the city. Caesar touched'^ the coast* of Britain'-^ with a fleet. King Mithridates'^' waged many wars and added many nations to {ad) his kingdom. The Greeks founded man}' cities in Sicily and southern Italy. Egypt was annexed to the kingdom of Persia by Cambyses.^^ Semiramis'-/^w;/<'/roditor, oris. 17 — Isocrdtes, is. x?,—talentum, i (a sum of money amounting to $1 180). vy— Alexandria, ae. 20—aPPello 1. ■2\—percutio 3. 22—surdus, i. 23 — has labored in vain, or, lost his work {dperam perdo 3.) 24 — reddo 3. THIRD CONJUGATION. 127 256. ado, ocddo, caedo occ'ido, pe?ido, tendo, tundo, retundOy parco, fallOy pcllo, repetto, curro, disco, posco, cecldi, occldi, cec'idi, occ'idi, pependi tetendi, tutiidi, rctudi, peperci, fe/etli, pepiiti, reptiliy cucurri, didlci, poposci. cdsum, occCisiim, caesiun, occ'isum, p 671 sum, tensum or tentinn, tunsiim or tiisiim, retiisimi, par sum, fatsiim, put sum, rcpulsum, ciirsum, cadire, occidtre, caed^re, occidh'e, pe?id(^re, tend(^re, tundl're, retu7idire, parct're, fatl^re, peltc're, repelth'e, curr^re, disc^re, posc^re. to fall. to fall. to fell, cut. to kill. to weigh, pay. to stretch. to pound, to blunt. to spare. to deceive. to drive, beat. to repel. to run. to learn. to demand. 257. I fell into {in) a ditch yesterday. The sun is already gone down. We felled two trees with axes before^ sunset (the setting^ of the sun). Hannibal killed many Romans. The heads of the conspiracy were scourged (with rods*^) and beheaded'' (with the axe). Many men have already fallen on the ice. We have estimated (weighed) the facts, not the words. The Lacedaemonians did not spare life {ciat.) in battle. Happy are those ^vho have fallen for {pro) their country. The laws of Solon ivere engraved ' in bronze. You have deceived foolish people by your wiles; you shall not deceive me. Beware of being deceived (that you may not {ne) be deceived). Hannibal >/-/// with {cum) Scipio near {apud) the Rhine and defeated him. Pompey contended^ with {c7nn) Caesar for' supremacy. The Romans expelled « from {ex) the city Tar- quin the Proud, whose manners had given him this surname.^ Deer run faster than hares. Caesar often /leaded the van (ran ahead '« in (/;/) the front rank). An elephant has learned the Greek letters.'' We do not learn for {dat.) school but for life. Caesar demanded the money which the enemy had promised. '■' Do not reclaim" a gift. ^-ante (with arc ) 2-occasns, us. z-vn'ga, ae. 4-Percmio 3. ^-xncldo 3. f^contendo 3. n-de (with abl.) %-expello 3. ^cognomen ims. lo-procurro 3. 11- lUl^ra, ae. i2-promtUo 3. 13-reposco S. 128 THIRD CONJUGATION. 258. Caesar cut to pieces'' part of the Helvetians; the remainder concealed themselves in (/;/) the neighboring forests. Cicero, when fleeing, %vas seized'^ by the soldiers of Anthony and murdered. Cicero blunted the swords of Catiline and of the conspirators. This affair has happened'^ contrary to* expectation^. At school you have already learned many useful things and you will learn many more. When the tyrant Dionysius had been driven from {abi^ Syracuse,^ he taught boys at Corinth. 1 would believe you, if you had not already deceived me so frequently. Catiline laid many snares' for the life of Cicero, but Cicero ehuled^ them. Miltiades acquired great renown, for with a small body of men Jie defeated a large army of the Persians. Hannibal persuaded^ Antiochus/® king of the Syrians, ^^ to {ad) a war with {cuni) the Romans. Those scholars^'^ shall be praised, who shall have studied (or learned) well. You have promised us great things, but we give you no credit, for }'ou have already often deceived us. I — concido 3. 2—comprehendo 3. ^—acrldo 3. \—praetrr with arc.) ^—expectation onis. 6 — Syracusae, arum, 7 — insidiae, arum. S — conttmdo 3. <)—impello 3. 10 — AntiochuSfi. 11 — Syri, drum. i2—discipulus,i. 259. Emo^ inter^uno, l<^go, cottlgo, dillgo intctilgo, negt)go, ago, sublgo, cogo, c^pio, praec^pio, fhcio, inter/UiOy emty intcremi^ tcgi, colllgi, dilcxi, intcllcxi neglexi, egi, sudigiy coegi, dpi, praectpi, feci, interfl'ci, emptum, intercniptum, tectum, col tectum, dilcctujii, intct tectum, ftegtectum, actum, subactum, CO actum, captum, praeceptum, factum, intcrfcctum^ emigre, interim^re, tegl'vCy cottig(}re, ditigire, ifitettigt're, negtig^re, ag(^re, subig(^re, cog^re, cap(^re, pracciptre, factre, interjich'e, to buy. to kill. to read. to collect. to love. to understand. to neglect. to act, do. to subject. to force. to catch, hold. to order,command. to do, make. to slay. THIRD CONJUGATION. 129 jHcio, feci, . jactum, jac^re, abj'Uio, abjl'ci. abjectum, abjicire. frango. fregi. fractum. frang^re. perfringo. pcrfrcgi. perfr actum, perfringh vinco, v'lci, V ictum, vific^re, retinquo. retiqui. relictum. retinq^re. rumpo. rupi. r upturn, I'ump^re, (Ico), ici. ictum. ic^re. ffigio, A^gh figure, to throw. to cast off. to break. to break in pieces. to conquer. to leave. to break,rend,tear. to smite. to flee. 260. The wares which we bought we have sold to your father. The Gauls sleix'^ eight hundred Romans and took"^ from them three standards. We read and write ; you play and sing. I have already read carefully^ the book which you sent me. Of {ex) two evils, choose* the less. You have always chosen what is best ; therefore you are praised. The Romans, in the early periods of the republic, neglected science. What are you doing, my son? Julius Caesar subjected whole Gaul. The Romans captured^ Veji,^ which they had besieged ten years, and retained'^ it. How many fishes have you caught to-day? We have caught two hundred and two fishes. The inhabitants of Tarentum outraged a Roman ambassador; therefore the Romans declared^ (or undertook) war against {contra) them. What did you do yester- day? What will you do to-day? What will you do to-morrow? Yesterday I learned what the teacher^ prescribed; to-day I shall do the same; to-morrow I shall write several letters. Caesar frequently made long marches in a short space of time iibLi Romulus opened''' diW asylum," in order to increase the number of the citizens. Jupiter killed'' the giants^' by his lightning. The soldiers sei::ed ?iYm^, in order to make an attack. i—interlmoZ. 2-adlrNo ih 3-/>^r/<*j?-o 3. i,—eligo^. ^-c&pioZ. 6-Veji, orum. ■j—obtJneo^. %—suscipio^. <)—praeceptor,dris. \o-patefacioZ. 11— asylum, i. \2-interfici0 3. \2>—g^gas,gigantis. I30 THIRD CONJUGATION. 261. Qiwdnondcditfortuna, noncripit. Ego capior facetiis, Solarhim dictitm est id, in quo horae in sole^ inspicicbantnr. Homines quo'^ plura habcnt, eo cupiunt anipliom. Veteres Romani epistolas his verbis incipiebant: Si vales, bene est, ego valeo. Quae res sensibns percipiuntiir, eas videmus, audimiis, giistamiis, olfaeimus, tangimns. In rebus diibiis fides amiconmi optime perspieitur. I.— Sunshine. 2 — quo-eo, the-the. 262. Xerxes, rex Persanim, iiiflanmiavit tempi a Graeeiae, quod parietibus ificluderent deos. Gallinae avesque reliquae pennis fovent pullos, ne frigore laedantur. Deus quae dam munera universo humano generi dedit, a qui bus exeluditur nemo. Omnes virtutes inter se^ nexac sunt. Numae regis lex est : Vino rogtim ne respergito. Athenienses cum ad senatum Romanum legatos de sins maximis rebus mitterent, tres illius aetatis nobilissimos philosophos miserunt, Carneddem et Critolaum et Diogencm. 1.— inter sc, among themselves, with each other. 263. Numa inspired^ the citizens with a love^ of peace. The enemy has broken^ the treaty which he had made* with (cum) us, and has rushed ^ into our camp. Scipio defeated li.anibal near (apud) Zama^ and ended"' the second Punic war. He who has conquered himself has gained ^ the noblest victory.'* When the Persians approached,'" the Athenians left the city. When Athens had been abandoned, // was set on fire by the Persians. Caesar fied in order that he might draw the enemy from (ex) the forests. The attack of our cavalry filled the enemy with so great terror'' that he threw down his arms and fled. Many persons, formerly ra)i in the race-course'' to gain the victory. Caesar crucified'^ (nailed or affixed to crosses) all the pirates'* whom he had captured.^ THIRL) CONJUGATION. 131 Scipio lefit nothing to his two daughters except" his fame. When the city had been taken, the commander left^' the boc :>■ to the soldiers. Our soldiers broke through^^ the ranks of the enemy. What did he who has sung songs to a deaf man, or cooked a stone ? He has labored in vain. Those who had been vanquished extended^^ their hands to him who had conquered. Show us the books (which) you have bought. The Lacedae- monians made peace, when they had been broken"" by misfor- tunes. The Roman senate was bribed"' with the money of king Jugurtha. i—itijuio 3. (dative of the person, and accusative of the thing). 2- amor, oris, ■^-frango 3. 4- (!t:o, 3. to make a treaty : foedus icSre). ^—trrumpo 3, 6—Zania, ae. j—con/lcio 3, 8—pario 3, 9 — victoria, ae. \o—apptopi»quo\. \\— terror, oris. 12— curriculum, i, \2,-suffigo 3, i^-ptrata, ae. 15— take captive, or take. i6—praeter, (with ace.) i-j—permitto 3. \Z—perrumpo 3. \^—tendo 3. 20 ■/rango3. 21— corrumpo 3. 264. We have always loved those scholars who surpassed the rest^ in good manners. You have given back more than you have received. ^ The Athenians banished^ Aristides, the most just of all the citizens. The Lydians, whose King was Croesus, ivere subdued by Cyrus. The Athenians ex- pelled^ many citizens from (e) the republic. An end was put to the war with Pharnaces^ so quickly by Caesar, that the enemy was vanquished, before he was seen in battle. Come into (/>/) my garden, that you may hear^ with your ears the sweet song^ of the birds. We do not believe those who have frequently deceived us. The Romans deprived^ Perseus, king of the Maecedonians, of his kingdom, liberty and life. Cleo- patra ^^r^/zX- a pearl ^ which had been dissolved.'^ The Greeks awarded divine honors to those who had killed a tyrant. Ancus Marcius added two hills to (ad) the city of Rome, and distributed'' the land" which he had taken. Do not neglect the precepts" of your parents. He has escaped'* death who lias despised it. It w^as a law of Solon : that he, who should 132 THIKP CONJI'CATION. have harbored an exile," should himself be sent into exile; for by him the laws were despised. Kxertion increases stren^nh; therefore do not flee it, C) boys! Cyrus subdued Asia and reduced'" the entire east'^ to (/>/) his authority."^ The island of Crete'' ivas brought^" under (///) the power of the Romans by Quintus Metellus. The soldiers drew"^ their swords and attacked the enemy. If the ranks of the enemy had not been broken, we should not have conquered. Wlien the cavalry approached, the enemy /r./. The greater part of the enemy was killed''; few escaped'' death by flight. i-{c,te>us) cetera, ceterum. 2-accipio 3. Z-ag^>'' '« ^'xsilium. ^-ejicio 3. ^-PharvSces, cis. 6-pernpio 'A. l-ca,Uus, us. r^-ad,mo 'A. ^margarita^ae 10- Iwur/aao 3. ii-divido 3. i2-ajrrr, agfi. n-praeceptum. r. i^-effNgto 6. iS-eA-sul, aits. i6-red,go 3. 17-ortem, its. i^-potestas, atts. 19-Creta, ae 20— striugo 3. 2\—interficio 3. 265- CarneCldes pJdlosopJius nullam rem defendit, quam non probart. Caesaris animus nulla re a Cicerone offensus est. i rbs Roma septi m montes muris comprehouiit. Lex est apiui RJwdios, ut, SI qua rostrata in portu navis deprehensa sit, publicetur, Milites gladios implgre strinxerunt ; tiim multum sanguinis fusum est. Crbium portas PJiilippus Macedo viuneribus diffidit. Juppiter nutu totum Olympum convertebat. 266. Mos apud Romanos hie epularum^ fuit, lit, qui accu- barent, canerent ad tibiam clarorum virorum laudes atque virtutes. Impcnum facile iis artibus retinetur, quibus partum est. Quintus Maximus filium consularcm amisit ; Lucius Paullus duo septem diebus perdidit. Carthaginem Tyrii condiderunt. Homines amplius oculis qua7)i auribus credufit. I— mos epularum, custom at feasts. 267. Poma ex arboribus, si cruda sunt, vix avellunter; si matiira et cocta, dechiunt. Gravius aegrotant ii, qui in morbum de intcoro^ inciderunt. Nunquam deerunt lupi, nisi silva, in THIRD CONJUGATION. 133 quam refugiunt, crit excisa. Tc uris natura datum est, ut pro vitulis contra leones summa vi impetuque contendant. Qm nos fefellerunt, corum orationi Jidem non habemus. Dionysius tyran- mis cum Syracusis pulsus esset, CorinthiUudum apeniit. Avaritia hominem ad quodvis maleficium impdlit. Philippides mille centum sexaginta stadia ab Athenis Lacedaemmem^ biduo cucurnt. Imperator noster in aciem suas copias produxit et sine mora con- currit.^ Tv riorum gens literas prima ant docuit aut didicit. ,-de integro, anew, again. 2-Gen. at Chorinth. 3-Accusative. to Lacedaemon. 4 -He began the battle, attacked. 268. ^n:)lo, frhno, ghno, z'dmo, strtpo. mo III i, fremiti, geniiii, vomiii, strep III, acciunbo, aecubid, gigno, genui, pbno, tt't'ino, hlo, CdlOy pdsui, trcinui, alui, CO tidy jHolUiitn, freudtum, gctnltian, V anil turn, strepltinn, accuMtum, geriMinn, posit inn, consfilOy consuliii, occtilo, occului, r^pio, rapid, dirlpioy diripid, si^ro, send, desh'o, dcserui, texo, texid, alt inn, cut turn, consiiltuni, occultum, rap turn, dircptum, scrtian, desertitm, te.xtum, mol^re, frem^re, gem^re, Z'omt're, strep^re, accumbl^re, gign^re, pon^re, trein^rCy alire, colore, consiil^re, occultr^, rapire, diriptre, ser^re, desertre, tex^re, to grind. to growl, grumble. to sigh, groan. to spew, vomit. to roar, make noise. to lie down. to beget, produce. to place, put. to tremble. to nourish. to till the soil. to consult, take counsel. to conceal. to seize, rob. to tear asunder, plunder. to entwine, bind, contrive. to abandon. to weave. -^69. The slaves have ground the barley' with the miU.^ When the partricians^ became haughty, the (common) people-* munnnnd ^ This boy .lid not groan, when he was ^^■hipped. When Catiline reviled Cicero in the senate-house, all the senators clamored' against {dat. ) him m-xA called him.an enemy of the country. Alexander, who conquered so many kings and nations, yielded ' to anger. The Romans imposed ' taxes upon (dat.) every nation, but finally" they themselves paid ■« 134 THIRD CONJUGATION, THIRD CONJUGATION. 135 12 tribute" to {dat.) other nations. In Italy altars were erected t^ Victoria and Fortuna and other goddesses. Good exam- ples should be proposed^' to young boys ; to us they were always proposed. Hannibal laid an ambush for the Romans that he might surround'* and destroy their army. Tiberius Gracchus was stmck'' by a fragment" of a bench*' and fell dozun.'"' The poems of Homer war an-angcd''' by Pisistratus. Scipio the Younger ended''' the third Punic war. Mount Vesuvius" has frequently disgorged'' fire, ashes and stones. The inhabitants of Tarentum preferred'' death to slavery. Nature has produced all metals for {ad) the benefit'* of man. The children of those Athenians who had died'' {or {pro) their country were maintained at the expense of the state. The civil war, by which the Roman republic had been exhausted, was brought to a elose b>' the victory which Octaviair' Cdics^v gained'' at [apud) Actium. It was a law of Solon: that those who had died in war, should be buried at the expense of the state. You would have trembled if you had seen the large snake. i—hordfum, t. 2—molat', arum. T,—/>atnrtus, i, or patres, urn. i^—ph-bs plebis. ^-fremo 3. d-obstr^po 3. -j—succumbo 3. '6—tmpuno 3. () - postrvmo (adv.). lo-pendo^. 11— tributum, i. 12— pono 3. \T,-propouo 'A. \\—circunnu'nio^. 15— (/o^ 3. 16—fya^nietir'- i-j—stibsellium, i. iS—procumbo'd. ig—dispoHO '6. 20— tmpon^re. /m^//^ (with tluiive). 21— I'esuvius, i. 22—e7dmo'!i. 2i-antepdno%. 2\—utilitas^ atis. 2^—occuvibo 3. 26 — Octavianus, i. 2-]—pariu 3. 270. Good books improve the mind of a boy. Our woods formerly fostered great herds of stags and boars. The Sabines,^ whose virgins had been (forcibly) taken off, u)ider- took a war against Romulus. Germany would have been sub- dued b)' the Romans, if it had not been wrested from their dominion by the victory which Arminius ^^^z/>/^v/ in the Teuto- burgian forest. ^ The city was plundered, ^ when it was captured by the enemy. The ancient Romans diligently* tilled their lands: the ancient Germans negleeted agriculture.^ Our ( farmers will diligently cultivate their lands this year. Not all lands that arc tilled, are fertile. If you will honor good men you will be honored by them. If you shall have improved your intellect by means of the sciences, you will carry every- tliin- along with {awi) you. Why have you not consulted US'" The Athenians often consulted the Delphic' Oracle*: it zvas also consu/tai by Croesus. The commander cona-akd the wounds which had been inflicted upon {dat) him m order that the soldiers might not lose» courage. Do not. O sold.ers, abandon your brave leader! On the last days of his l.fe. Socrates ^poh-'"' much of the immortality" of h.s soul. Many verses" of ancient poets have been introduced" into {dat.) the writin-s of Cicero. Socrates loved Xenophon and rescued him from the enemy in the battle which -.ms f ought'' at (.apud) Delium He who has abandoned or betrayed a friend, has acted " impiously. I will not forsake the land which bore and maintained me. y/ •> ^ DplhMrus a ton. %—oraculmn, i. g—acmiiio o. i^—commilto 3. 16— facto 6, 271 Multipoetac ita sunt dukes, nt non^ Icgantuv modo, sed etiam ediseantw. Saepe non intelligunt honanes, qua,,, „,ag„u,,, vectical stt pa,sh„o,„a. P'-ata et a,-.'a et pecudu„i greges dih- fru„U„; quod fructus ex „s capiuutu,-; ho„i,num ca,;tns e a„ncit.a g,-at,ata est. A Ojnuto Metello O'cta vts,da m popuh Ro,na,d potestatcn ,rdaeta est; u„de ei eoguo„,eu Crtuusmhtu,', e.t Roumhis Re„m,n frat,r,n ,„te,-fec,t. Ty,-us ah Alexaudro capta est. Nihil est simid mve,du„t et perfeetu„i. Alexa„dru,n ouvtcsuf „iaxwte metueruut, ite,n plu,-i„iu,n d,lexe,-w,t Caesar ul,l,us -^ Martns v,ten..,ptus est. Carthag,u,e„ses Z-^;-/-^- rul^mtid. Poems popidus Ro„,auus a,;,„s v,c,t. Ux cat. Out in adve,-sa tcnpestate uavcn ,rlique,-i„t, ouiuia anuttunto. »_V.«««fo—d^'.".»'. ■""<"">->."> also .-AS. i-idus (uum) Mar„a.. the fifteenth of March. 136 THIRD CONJUGATION, 27 J. Pisistrntiis primus Homen libros sic disposmt, ut 7imic habanus. Ganymcdcs ah dis raptns est propter ' formam, Titus Poinponius Attieus eelcnter atripiebat. quae tradebantur. Jus- titiam cole et pietatem. In lege Romana est, nt de^ ritibus patriis colantur optimi. Caesar omnes liberalium artium doctores civitate donavit, qiio^ libentiiis tirbem incolerent. Consul est, qui considit patriae. i-On account of. 2-By. 3-^"''. >" order that, that. to see, separate. to decide. to desp.ise. to spread out. to sow, plant. to sow, plant. to besmear, rub over. to allow. to grow, increase. to know, learn to know. to forgive. to acknowledge, to recognize, perceive. to feed cattle, to pasture. to repose, rest. to be accustomed to. 274. The Roman senate decreed the third war against^ the Carthaginians. A great honor ivas decreed (awarded) Miltiades {ciat.) by the Athenians. He who despises glory, will have true glory. The Romans overt hrei<.^'^ many kingdoms. Last night, the storm uprooted ^ in our garden many of those trees, which our grandfather had planted. The Romans defiled^ themselves with the corrupt morals of the east. The rivers which fall in winter, rise in .spring. He who knows the customs of many nations, has provided himself a great means* of {ad) wisdom.'^ Thrasybulus (/) pardoned (with dat.) all who had acted against (contra) the state. Apollo pastured the 273. Cerno, crevi, crl'tuni. cerntre. decerno. decrevi. de ere turn. deccrnt^re. sperno, sprevi. spretum. spern^re, sierno, strdvi, stratum, stern^re. s^ro, sevi, Siltuin, ser^re, cons^ro, coHsevi, consMum, conser^re. /}tio, tc'Z'i, titmn, lini'rc, slno. sh'i, sltufH, sint^rc. cresco. crevi, erl'tiDH, cresc^re. nasco, novi. notiim, nosc^re. ignosco, ignbvi, igiibtum. ignosctre. agnosco. agndi'i, agmtum., agnosc^rc. eogfiosco, cognovi. cognition. cog7iosc^re. pasco, pari. pastuni. pascPre, qui e SCO, quil'vi. quiitum. quiescHe, suesco. suevi, suction, sucsct^re, THIRD CONJUGATION. 137 flocks of king Admctus.« When Caesar Octavius had gained the victory at {apud) Actium, and closed the temple of Janus, the civil war subsided, ' We have loved you because we have learned your fidelity. The love of life has been implanted^ in all animal nature. The gold of the Samnites was despised by Curius. Achilles, who concealed^ his sex by {abl.) a woman's"^ attire^ ivas recognized by Ulysses. ^^ The trees which we ourselves have planted, are of no use to us, but to our children. Grasshoppers'^ often devastated'* entire fields in the southern'^ regions. Cyrus the younger showed'' Lysander" the garden which he had diligently cultivated. ^ Despise not (/>/) what you are unacquainted with. ,-contra (with accus.) ^-prosterno 3. ^-obnno 3. ,-insir..nrentu.n i. ^^-^^i^^^' 6--Admetus i. 7-T0 subside or be at rest. <7«t^.cc 3. ^-tns^>o Z/^^.) The Cimbri^ asked '^ the Roman senate for lands, but nothing ivas granted- them. Ceres^ sought her daughter Proserpme^ throughout^ the whole world. The ancients employed^ ,Hr.) elephants in war which frequently overthrew and crushed^ whole lines^ of the enemy. The Carthagmians recalled Hannibal from'" Italy to save Carthage. Massmissa, kin- of the Numidians" provoked the Carthaginians to ^ad) war by frequent inroads'^ Marius co^veted^' the 138 THIRD CONJUGATION. province'* which the repubHc had decreed to Sulla. The inhabitants of Abdera'' abandoned their country because of {propter) the numerous fro^^s'" and mice, and sonoJit other habitations/' The Romans scorned the peace which King Pyrrhus demanded. The Romans often took the consuls from the plough.*' If you had been silent, you would have been wise. When the Romans had been repulsed'' by the Sabines and fled, Romulus voived di temple to Jupiter, and the Roman ranks zuere re-formed. Britain, which is separated'*' from other countries by the sea, was invaded'^ by Caesar. Cyprus was obtained by the Romans by unjust'* means. When the Athenians had been reduced by famine, they sought peace of {a) the Lacedaemonians. The (ireeks were distinguished for knowledge," the Romans for bravery. i — Cimhri, orum 2-prto 8. 2>-i'onccdo .*$. ^-Ceres, Ms. ^—ProserpUa, ae. 6_^^r (with ace.) j-adhibeo "i. H-contrro9. g—ordo, hi/s. io—e:tr. ii—Numida, ae. i2-incutsw, onis. 12,-appeto 3. "i^-provinna, ae. 15- Ahdertlae, arum, \6-rana, ae. i-j sedrs, is. \>^—arafri4>n, t. \g—fcpello 3. 20~ divldo 3. 21 — in/usius, a, urn take theH/. ) ripens by the heat of the sun ; our grapes have already ripened. When the son had heard of (aee) the death of his father, he became dumb with {abl.) .nd and fainted:^ When Alexander died, very serious wars broke out between^^ his generals. The state of the Lacedae- monians grew (rose to importance) in {abl.) a short time I40 DEPONENTS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. through the discipHnc'' and laws of T.ycurgus. Miltiades restored''' the island whieh had revoked" under the dominion'* of the Athenians. When the victory of Caesar had been annomiced, Cato r^;;/;;///^Y/ suicide'' at {gen.) Utica.'"' \—i}uptlco\. 2-Not yet, trondum. z-exatdesco^. 4-/»<»r with ace. s-fdri^tas, atis. 6-familiarLs, is. n-corripio 3. %-praecido 3. g-pollex, Ins. lo- Aegimtae, a>~um. ii-scrtptor, oris. 12—cognosco 3. iz—conado 3. 14— m/^r with ace. iS-disnp/ina, ae x&-redlgo 3. i-j-descisco 3. i^-potestas, atis. 19-to kill one's self: sibi mortem consciscire. 20 — L'tica, ae. DEPONENTS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION. 280. Adhortor, I admonish. adiilor, I flatter. hquor, I get or draw water. drnor, I endeavor, venture, dare. cofisoior, I comfort, console. conspicor, 1 descry, see. contemplor, I view attentively. cunctor, I linger,hesitate,delay. graiulor, I congratulate. hnltor, 1 imitate. insidior, I waylay, he in wait for. Hgtior, I gather wood. miror, I wonder. adm'iror, I admire. recordor, I call to mind. suspUor, I suspect, mistrust. viigor, I ramble about. versor, I dwell, am employed. 281. iiope consoles unhappy men. Certain amimals imitate the human voice. Imitate the virtues of great men. We do not admire those things which we always see. A wise man will not flatter {dat.) the wicked. The Romans inflicted^ severe punishment upon those slaves {cibL) who had waylaid {dat:) their masters. Do not hesitate. \\li>' did you {sing.) hesitate? Console {phir.) the unhappy. The unfortunate console themselves with the hope of better times. There was a time when men roamed about (in with abl.) the fields like^ {gen.) animals. A third (part) of the army was absent, ^ some* to get wood; others'^ to procure water. Vou have undertaken a great work. The Corinthians'^ congratulated Alexander {dat.) when he had subdued Asia, and presented him {dat.) with {abl.) the citizenship. When Caesar vir.ved the enemy. DEPONENTS OF THE SECOND CONJUGATION. I4I he exhorted the soldiers to remember their former^ bravery, and make an attack upon {in with aee.) the enemy's camp. The life of man (men) fluctuates (7r;wO between' fear and hope. I shall ever remember that day, on which I was {^.ersor^) in the greatest danger. If you contemplate the works of God, you will admire His wisdom. When Caesar had conquered the Helvetians^ and ended the war, ambas- sadors of all Gaul eame [to {ad) him] to congratulate him. Let us admire the wisdom of God. Think of heaven ; then you will admire the wisdom of God. .-amcioZ, s-ritu,.m,oiritus.us.) .-at.sse. ,-aUus^a um. ,-.Corrnthu,orum. afficio3. ^_^ J^^^^^.^ ^^ ^^,^ 7--/„/., with ace. ^-Helvetn, arum. 28- Piscejn Syri venerantur Fortuna in omni re dominatur. Qui domum intnivent, nos potius miretur quam supelleetilem nostram Piscemur, vcneniur, laveniur! Fnit quoddam tempus, cum in agris homines vagabantur et sibi victu fero vitam propag- abant. Cornibus tauri. apri dentibus, morsu leones se iutantuK Natura arbores cortice a^ frigore et calore tutata est. Cimbn et Celtiberi in proeliis exsultabant, lamcntabantur in morbo. Subv^ni patriae, opitulare amicis. Defectiones solis mtramur quia raro accldunt. Alexander Paymenionem Syriae praefecit Novum imperium Syri aspernabantur, sed celenter subacti sunt. I — against. DEPONENTS OF THE SECOND CONJUGATION. 283. Llceor, polliceor, niireor, 7nis^reor, tueor, intueor, v^reor, fMeor, confiteor, m^deor. ticUiis sum, pollic^itus sum, f meritus suin, \ nierui, ( miserltus, \ miserius sum, {tuttus sum), intu^tus sum, veritus sum, fassus sum, confessus sum, lic'eri, polliceri, mereri, miser eri, tueri, iniueri, vereri, fateri, confiteri, mederi, to bid on. to promise. to deserve, merit. to pity, have mercy on. to defend, protect, to look at. to fear, revere, honor, to confess, admit, to confess, admit, to cure, heal. 142 DEPONENTS OF THE SECOND CONJIXJATION. 284 Nothing protects a ruler (prince) more than the love p.yd fidelity of the citizens. May God protect us and our children. You deserve well of ^ this state, if you defend it. Look at the stars; then you will revere^ the majesty^ of God. Console the afflicted, and have mercy on {gcfi) the unfortunate, that God may have mercy on you. Those who beheld the exterior** of Agesilaus, despised him; but those who knew his virtues admired him. We will have mercy on the unfortunate. I confessed everything. Our friends have promised us help and they will protect us. Nature itself heals many diseases. Those who deny^ their faults/' deserve greater punishment than those who acknowledge them. Because you have acknowledged your foult, I have forgiven you {(^at.). Confess your faults; if you confess them, you shall not be punished, but pardon^ shall be granted you. Slaves feared Appius Claudius; children loved him; all honored him. You shall deserve well of the state, if you will defend its frontiers.^ You did not give me what you promised. \{ we will confess our sins,® God will have mercy on us. Those who censure your faults, deserve better, of you than those who praise or excuse^ them. Let us honor good men. You should always confess the truth (true). Have compassion on the poor; God will one day (once) have mercy on you (ciat.), if you have mercy on others. I — dt' with abl. 2—rrvereoy 2. 3 — ;«a;>.v/a.v, atis. \— fades, ei. '^—nego 1. 6—peccatum, i. "^—vcnia^ae. 8— End,y?«jj, ;j. 9 — e.rcuso 1, 285. Vi'r sapiens pec cat mn sinnn confitetur. Te adJiorior, ut semper peccata tua eonfitearis. Revercre deum et pareiites. Multi faniaui, coiiseioitiani paiici verentur. Aristidis Tkebani pietoris ujiavi tabulain centnDi talentis rex Attains licitus est. Titian PoDipoiuuDi Atticnin aniici verebantur et auiabant. Vir probns facit, quod pollicitus est. Censores popitli aetateSy suboleSy DEPONENTS OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. 143 familias pccuniasque censento ; urbis temp la, vias, aquas ^ aerarium, vectigalta tuentor; viores populi regunto ; bini sunk) ; magistratuni quinquennium habento ; leges custodiunto. I — Fountain. DEPONENTS OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. 286. Btandior largior, mentiory iHolior, partior, potior, sortior, experior, oppcrior orior, ordior, vietior, assentior, btand'itiis sum, targ'itus sum, incnfitus su)}iy mo lit us sum, parti f us sum, pot'itus sum, sort'itus sum, btand'iri, larg'iri, ment'iri, mot'ire, part'iri, pot'iri, sort'iri. to flatter to grant, bestow, give. to lie, to tell a lie. to undertake. to share. to possess, obtain. to allot, obtain by lot. expertus sum, opperlus sum, ortus sum, orsus sutn, vieusus sum, assensus sum, exper'iri, opper'iri, or'iri, ord'iri, met'iri, asseut'iri, to try. to wait, await. to arise. to begin. to measure. to assent, approve. 287. The sun gives the same light to all countries. Beware of lying [lest {m^ you lie]; for God hears everything. If you would flatter others (dat.), you would injure them {dat.) Shun those who flatter you. He who has lied, will not be believed. Good men will never he. You undertake great things. We will call him a wise man who shall have undertaken nothing rashly. Why do you esteem (measure) men great on account of (abl.) their wealth, not on account of their virtue? The majority of the senators approved the opinion {dat.) of Cato concerning (tie) the conspiracy. Luxury^ flatters our senses but is opposed^ to virtue. Proculejus shared his inheritance^ with his brothers, who had lost their property by the civil No one would lie, if all understood the baseness* wars. of a lie. I have never lied; never flattered. Caesar obtained possession^ of the government of entire Gaul. Try 144 DEPONENTS OF THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. everything. We will try everything. From (a) God and with [ciini) God we will begin all things. The Rhine^ has its mouth (rises) in (from-^u') the Alps. Many diseases originate (rise) in {abl. ) the months of November and December. From a small spark ^ great conflagrations have often arisen. I — volitptas, litis. 2 — adversor 1. 2,—patrimotiium , i. 4 — tiirpitudo, ini's. 5— I obtain possession of the government, return potior 3. t—Rhenus, i. 7 — scintilla, ae. 288. When our soldiers beheld the army of the enemy, they immediately attacked^ and defeated it at the first charge. Aemilius Paulus obtained by lot the Province of Macedonia.^ The general exhorted the soldiers to have recourse to every means, in order to liberate the city from the seige.^ If we will attack the enemy quickly, we shall in {cibl.) a short time, become masters of [abl.^ the city. The mien and eyes often lie. As (not to be translated) an old man you will not under- take what you have undertaken as a youth. In very ancient times, the Phoenicians'* crossed "' the seas; now the P^nglish® cross them. With what measure^ have you measured our words? A certain Athenian^ was so rich, that he did not count the coins'^ but weighed them. Yesterday a great storm arose and destroyed the stone-bridge over (of) our river. I will always esteem (measure) men great on account of (their) virtue (abl.^ Many wars arose from trifling (small) causes. When the enemy divided the booty among*" themselves (in English a eolleetive iioiui jfiay hai'e a plural verb), zue attaeked them with the greatest impetuosity." Alexander' often tried the fortune of war.'"' Our cavalry attaeked the enemy very boldly*^ and/^Wi,^/'/ very bravely. Who has counted the stars; who has measured the magnitude of the world ? i—adorior 4. 2— Macedonia, ae. 2>—of>stdio, onis. ^—Phoenices, urn. ^—emetior 4. (>—Angli, orum. 'j -mensura, ae. ?,—Atheniensis guidam. g—numfnus,i. 10— inter, with Jicc. 11— impetus, us. I'z— belli fottuna. i^—audax, acts. DEPONENTS OF THE THIKP CONJUGATION. 145 279. Voliiptates sensibiis Jwmiiiiun blandinntnr. Cwii^ aliqidd conaberis, te et ea, quae moliris, inetire. Si concordiani retincbi- iniis, imperii magnitudinem soils ortu atqite oeeasu metiemiir. Nan eodem semper loeo sol oritur aiit oceidit. Omiie animal, simulatque ortum est, et 2 se ipsum et omnes partes suas diligit, Plerumque erediinus iis, qui experii sunt. Romulus Remum interfeeit et solus potitus est imperio. Ex prineipio oriuntur omnia. Sapiens nunquam blandietur, nunquam mentietur. i—when. 2 -et— et, as well— as. DEPONKNT.S OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION. 280. Fungor, qn^ror, Idquor, st'quor, a} up tec tor, gr&dior, aggrt^dior, pMior, perpetior, labor, tutor, titor, mdrior, adipiscor, cxpergiscor, conimitiiscor reniiniscor, nanciscor, nascor, obliviscor, proficiscor, nlciscor, J'nior, irascor^ vescor, pascor, v^hor, devertor, reverter. functus sum, qucstus sum, locutus siuu, se cuius sum, ajfip/e.vus su/u, gressus sum, aggrcssus sum, pass us sum, perpessus sum, lapsus sum, n'lsus, nixus sum, US us sum, Diortuus sum, adcptus sum, cxperrectus sum cofumentus sum, nactus, nanctus sum, 7idtus sum, obl'itus sum, profectus sum, ultus sum, pasius sum, vectus sum, deverti{act^^ reverii {act.). fungi, quc'ri, Idqui, scqui, atnplecti, gradi, aggrt'di, pm, perpL'ii, labi, n'lti, iiti, mdri, adipisci, e.xpergisci, comminisci, reminisci, uancisci, nasci, obtiz'isci, proficiscit ulcisci, frui, irasci, vesci, pasci, v^hi, deverti, reverti. to discharge. to complain. to speak. to follow. to embrace. to step. to attack. to suffer. to abide, endure. to fall. to rely upon. to use. to die. to obtain. to awake. to contrive. to recollect. to meet with, get. to be born. to forget. to travel, set out. to avenge. to enjoy. to be angry. to eat. to pasture, feed. to ride. to lodge. to return. 146 DEPONENTS OF THE THIKP CONJUGATION DEPONENTS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION. 147 281. Our anccf^tcrs complained much, wc complain much, our descendants^ will complain much. Those who speak much, we believe little. All men wish to attain old age; when they have reached it, they complain^ of it [acr.). The ungrateful man forgets f^ivors^ (^^7/.). I will always observe the precepts, which you have given me. Before^ the battle of {(ipaf) Zama, Hannibal coufcnrd ^ with Scipio concerning^ peace. When you awake, say^ some prayers. Hear much ; speak little. Who .cai^ speak better on agriculture than a farmer. We are born to die ; we die to live. Be careful to live well and die well. Caesar acJdcvcd many victories by his activity. '^ No one is born without'' a defect ; none has been, or shall be (born) without it. I left for (///) Italy because I had met with a favorable opportunity." The Greeks would not have captured Tro\', which they beseiged ten years, had they not made use of {cibL) a stratagem.'"' The ancils'' were shields which had fallen down from'* heaven. Octavian severely avenged the death of Caesar. A father is angry with {dat.) a son who has neglected his duties. Caesar with {cum) three legions left^^ {ex) the camp to attack the enemy. You have vainly'' endeavored'' to acquire glory. We often forget what we have promised. You shall die ; for all who have been born, shall die. Hannibal crossed'" the Alps: no one before [ante) him had done so. i-postrri, arum. 2-accHso 1. z-beneficium, ;. 4 «"''' with arc. ^-colloquor 8. (>-de with abl. 7 -ejfnndo 3. %-preces, urn. g-celeritas, atis. \0-5ine with abl. II— occasio,dnis. 12— dolus, i. i3—aHci/e,is. 14— ./d- with abl. i^-^^rrdiorS. 16— frustra (adv.). ij—adniior 3. \%—transgr^dio} 3. 282. The Scythians lived on milk and honey. Codrus, the last king of the Athenians, died for {pro) his country. When Caesar had set out from {ex) Gaul, a war broke out there. ^ We have not forgotten your favors and shall not forget them. Demosthenes acquired very great glory by his eloquence. 2 A great many people (men) departed formerly for {in) Greece to see the Oiympic^^ games. Regulus* endured every torture^ with a courageous spirit. Awake, boys! God has always embraced all men with the same love. After having suffered much inhiswanderings^ Ulysses ;r///;7/r^/ to (/>/) Ithaca.^ On what day will you depart for Italy? How many months will you stay there? In what month will you return to {ad) us? Scipio and Hannibal had an interview {met together) to confer with each other. You will one day (i. e. in future) remember with {cum) pleasure the sufferings {gen.) which {abl.) you now endure.* Thou shalt not avenge injury^ by injury. Ulysses suffered m^iwy misfortunes, but Jie ivas never unmindful (forgot) of his wife and son and of the country whence" he had departed. Be mindful of the favor and forget the injury. The Athenians ^^7'^ Miltiades a fleet of seventy sail to prose- cute'^ the war with the islands which had revolted. If you shall have defended the city courageously, you will acquire great glory. Forget not what you have promised. Mithri- dates learned the languages of twenty-two nations and spoke with {cum) all without an interpreter." The vine, with its tendrils" as if* with hands, clings to (entwines or embraces) everything that it touches (i. e. reaches, or obtains.) I—;*/ (adverb). 2—rloquentia, ar. i.—Olympia, orum. ^—Regulus,t. ^—cntciatus, us. 6-erroy,dris. -j-JUiaca, ae. %—de/ungor ^. g-injuna, a^. io—unde{a,d\). ii—persequor 3. 12— interprcs, Ues. \i—patupUus I. i^-tamquatn. 283. A good man will be angry neither with {dat.) friends nor with enemies. ^ I command you to return to (/;/) your country. Death pursues us wherever^ we go. ^ \\' hen Caesar had set out for {i?i) Gaul, Pompey returned from {ex) Asia. Hannibal inspired {injicio^) the Romans {dat.) with so great terror {ace.) that no one {nemo) left^ the camp, it the enemy had attacked our camp, we would have repulsed him. How 148 DEPONENTS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION. long, 5 O Lucius Sergius Catiline, will you abusc« our patience ' ? When I shall have returned from {rx) this journey, I shall describe it to you in (^?/V.) a long letter. Wait for me; I .shall soon return. Many nations use no food,« except (m'si) the flesh and milk of their flocks; other nations hunt'* wild beasts to live on them, and clothe themselves with their skins. We shall try (attempt) everything, and we hope" to be suc- cessful'^ (obtain it). We have been allotted a short term of life ; let us, therefore, endeavor'^ to live well and leave behind us an honorable" remembrance'* of our deeds.'' The light which (al?/.) we enjoy and the air""' which wc breathe,'^ are given us by God. Alexander the Great /cwm/a/ Alexandria when he /\ 18 had returned from (ex) the temple of Jupiter Ammon. Manlius 7.urs aivakaicd by the cackling'^ of the geese in the capitol. iMany suffer pain that they may not fall'' into {in) greater. Achilles avenged the death of Patroclus," whom Hector had slain. The temple of Diana at Ephesus, which was set on Are by Herostratus,'- Tivr^ burnt doivn {eietive) on the same night, in which Alexander uhxs born. x-immuusj. i-nbicunquc. j^-intrrrdior 3. ^-rj^rrdior 3, 5-guamdni. 6-af>ufor 3. vvithabl. -j-patieutia^ar. >6-alivu-utum, i. ^ -venor'i. io-i/.-;o 1. xx-consrquor A^ i2-rmlor :i. y^-hoHestus, a, nm. iA-mrmor,a, ae. x'^-factum, /. le-spuVus, us. i-j-d.uo'i, i^-Ammon, oNis. 19-c/aNjror, dns. 20- inctdo 3. 2i-Patroclus,u 22'-Hcroslratus, i. 284. Loquax est, qui nimium loquitur; cloqucns, qui copiose loquitur. Sic vive cum honiinibus, taniquani Deus videat ; sic loquerc cum Deo, taniqiiani homines audiant. Quod sentimus, loquamur; quod loquimur, sentiamus; concordet sermo cum vita f Nunndac pier unique lacte et ferina came vesccbantur. Usitatae res facile e memoria elabuntur, insignes et novae manent diutius. Te vioneo, ut omnem gloriam omni ciira et industria consequare. Servius Tullius litruscorum injurias bello est ultiis. INFINITIVE. 149 285. Romanorum primus Gnaeus Pompejus Judaeos domuit temp I unique ingressus est; muri Hierosolymorum dirutt sunt, delubruni niansit. Mult a vocabiila renascent iu\ quae Jam eeci- derunt. ^ Caesar cum mense Octobri in iirbem revertisset, idibus Mar tils'"- int ere nipt us est. AtJienis^ et nata et alta est eloquentia. Cygni cum cantu et voluptate moriuntiir. Morieris, homo avare, H divitiis potietur heres. Gere morem parenti, pare cognatiSy obsequere amicis, obtempera legibus. i—Cadere, to become obsolete. 2— c/. 261. 3, 3— abl. at Athens. Infinitive. 286. The i ' H'ive is used hoth as subject and object (acc), and is of tiie neuter j^ender, e. g. to err is human, errare humaniun est; nothing is more disgraceful tlian to He, ;////// tm'pins est quam meutiri; it is a difficult art to govern the state rightly, rtr.sfl'//:^r/7/.9 est recte rempublicam ^crere; we must speak the truth, veriun dicerc debemus; I learn to ride, disco eqintare. 287. It is necessary to rebuke slothful boys. It is great glory to have freed one's country by prudence. To have conquered (one's) passions, ^ is the greatest victory. To fear danger is the disposition- of women. The laws should be brief, that they may be easily remembered ^ (kept in mind). The principal and best victory is to conquer one's self. It is easier to admire and praise great men than to imitate them. All men desire"* to live, but few endeavor^ to live rightly. It is sweet and becoming^ to die for one's country. He who endeavors'"' to write well, learns to write quickly. The greatest praise of a pilot^ is to have skillfully^ steered the ship, and to have avoided all the dangers of the sea. It is painful (unpleasant) to be despised by good men. You will cease-* to fear, if >-ou will cease to hope. To be well educated is better than to have large possessions (many goods). The boy may, ISO INFINITIVE. by hard military service/" learn to endure poverty. Good scholars endeavor to be trained in literature. IVc ivar ordered'' to remain, but did not remain. You should not sleep too much;" to have slept eight hours is enough.'' It is better to suffer" an injury than to inflict (do) one. If you continue to fight bravely, you will not be overcome. The general eom- ineneed'-' to advance^' against (eontra) the enemy. It is foolish to foster distant'^ hopes. To be loved is more praiseworthy (greater praise) than to be feared. Among (apud) the Persians it was most praiseworthy (honorable) to hunt in an intrepid'** manner. i-cupidUas,atis 2-constieiudo,hus. 2>-tf,ieo 'Z. ^-cupio ^, ^-st,^deoi. 6-deco>-us, a urn -!-^uhernator,dyis. 9>-sollers, tis. 9-dfSino '^. lo-milUui, ae. ii-jubeo, iussj jussum. i2-nimtnm. i,^-satts. H-accipto 3. i5-{coepw 3.). ro^pt, coeptum. As the forms of the root of the present tense are not in use we substitute for them tncipw 3. i6-pro^redior 3. n-lotitrr. x%-fortiter (adverb.) 288. Errare Juimanum est. Peecatmn est f ana depeeidari. Apud Persas snnuna lans fuit fortiter venari. Utile est amieos veros habere. Dionysius, tyrannus Syraeiisano7iim, tondere filias s/nis doeuit; ita regiae virgines tondebant barbam et eapillum patris. Snos quisque debet tueri. Nihd est praeelarius qiiam de republica bene mereri. Is est maxime doeilis, qui attentissime £'st paratus audire. Omnia experiri neeessitas cogit. 289. Cygni Apolliui dieati sunt, quod ab eo divinationem halhi-e videntur. Malum est liberos annttere. Nihil est turpius, quam cum eo bellum gerere, quieum' familiar iter vixeris. Dic- tator a eonsule debet diei. Satius est unum all quid insig niter facere quam plurima mediocriter. Mos antiquus fuit epistolam his verbis incipere: Si vales, bene est; ego valeo. Qui saepe nos fefellerunt, eis fidem habere mm debemus. Tyrus septimo mense, postquam obsideri cocpta erat, ab Alexandro capta est. i_Preposilion cum with abl. qui-quo. POSSUM. lU Possum. — / can or am able. 290. If you can not be of use to many, be of use to few. If you can not be the best, you ought to be very good. At what hour will you come to {ad) me, that I may (may be able to) play with {cum) you? We are good men, if we are useful to all to whom we can be useful, and injure no one. A^^esilaus ceased not to assist his country in whatever manner he was able. If you had been able to comprehend thoroughly the order of heavenly^ bodies (;r5), you could more ade- quately- picture^ to yourself {dat.) the greatness of God. Virtue can not be acquired by riches'^ ; but riches can be obtained by virtue. You have been useful to those to whom you could be useful. x—coelestis, r. 2— rectus, a, um. i—jinso 3. 4— o/'^'a, optwi. 291. Quis amicus esse potest cuiquam, quem non ametf Jugerum nominabatur, quod uno jugo boum in die^ exarari posset. Quid homini potest dari majus quam gloria et immortalitas ! Titus Pomponius Atticus mendacium neque dicebat neqiie pati poterat. Oiiot homines, tot sententiae ; falli igitur possumus. Virtus nee erlpi nee surrlpi potest. Quales in republica principes sunt, tales reliqui solent esse cives. Post'^ epiUlas sermones haberi Solent. Res familiaris diligentia et parsimonia conservari et auger i solet. \—ln die, in the space of a day. 2— Preposition, after. 292. Adrian \ who ivas emperor of the Romans from {ab) the 117th until Kusque ad) \\\^ I38th^year after ^ the birth of Christ, could at one and the .same .time hear, write, dictate-^ and speak ; Julius Caesar also was able to write, read, dictate and listen simultaneousl)'.^ We can easily induce^ him to swear falsely''' whom we can persuade" to tell a lie. Do not swear, « if >'ou can avoid the oath. The manners of 152 SEMI-DEPONHNTS. Tarquin u^cre such that they could not acquire him {liat.^ friends. If we could always practice what is best, we would not stand in need of ^ {abl.) counsel. We should not under- take what we are unable to complete.'" Alexander the Great presented a certain man, who could throw'' a pea'" through" a narrow hole,'^ with a bushel" of that fruit, that he might practice his art. Neither the form of our members,"' nor the power of the mind, could he produced'" by chance.'^ i-Ihidrianus, i. 2 - Ahcr { post) the born {tiascor 3.) Christ. 3-rf/Wc> 1. ^-simul. S-imiuco3, 6-prJno\. -j-exoroX. %-juro I. 9-I0 stand in need of. /m//.(r'-^ *-. icy-pt-rjicio ^. i\-triu,switto ^. 12-pisum, i. i3-^-r with ace.) i^-forameu^hns. i^—modius, i. \6—nicnibriivi. i-^—cfficio 3. \^— casus, us. SEMI-DEPONENTS. 293. Audeo, ausus smn, audere to venture, dare. gaiideo^ gav'isHs sum, gaudere, to rejoice. sbleo, solitiis sum, solere, to be accustomed to,to be wont to. fuh, f'lsus sum, Jideie to trust. conj'uio, cofiflsus sum, (■ouJidere,Xo couMq. diff'ido, dijf'isus sum, diffidcre, to distrust. You ventured to insist' upon (///) your opinion; we have rejoiced at it. ^ Impious men should not dare to appease the anger of God with gifts. He who is accustomed to lie, has accustomed*^ himself to swear falsely. We are not wont to admire what we frequently see. W^e rejoice, because you have continued to obey our precepts. The -tyrant Dionysius used to say: Whatever you do, do wisely, and consider^ the end. In every circumstance (in all things) Caesar confided in the bravery {^dat.) of his soldiers. Confide in your friends {dat.). Caesar ventured twice to cross the Rhine. The Romans had been accustomed to impose taxes upon {dat. ) all nations; but in the end they themselves paid^^ taxes to the barbarians.^ You have not believed my words {dat.)\ now believe your eyes. Pyrrhus twice defeated the Romans but he did not rejoice at {abl.) the double victory. i—pennaneo '6. 2-a*y"/ (abl.) this alTair. z-cousiwsco 'i. ^—respicio S. ^—pernio 3. b—barbarus, i. ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 153 ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. ^94 Sentences with the conjunction that are not always translated into Latin by «/ with the subjunctive, but frequently by the accusative ^^ith infinitive; invariably so when the En.^lish sentence is dependent on such verbs as sn; hear, hope, bcHevc, kno^v, say, tell, announec, ansurr, promise, etc. In such cases that is not translated, and the subject of the dependent sentence, wliich otherwise would have to be in the nominative, is put in the accusative with the infinitive. Examples: I believe that you approve my resolution ; puto te eo,mlu,m menm ^robare; and not: pnto >'f consilium meum />rni„s. i believe that you will fight: pnt. ''..s !>uf,naf »ros . >-^ T hope (that) your sisters will come: spero sorores tuas venturas esse We see tliat the snow is white : vidivms nivem albam esse We know that our bodies are mortal: scimiis corpora nostra mortalia esse. My brother wrote me that the enemy's city has been captured : f rater mens mihi scripsit urbem hostmm captani esse. . . , * 4.^ Note -In some instances of this construction, U is better not to express the conjunction t/>at in English, although it is always understood. In the following exercises, when the dependent sentence is to be rendered by the accusative with infinitive, the word that will be printed in italics. .95 Most men do not know that poverty is often better than riches. The ancients believed (hat the anger of their gods was appeased by the blood of oxen and sheep. W e hope (that) you will approve of our resolution. W e know that our souls will live after (post) death. The youth hopes that hei will live long. I hope (that) you will agree^ with (cum) me. It is universally acknowledged (all men have agreed) that the reputation' for learning was peculiar* to the Greeks, 154 ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. and that of bravery to the Romans. Traverse-^ the whole world, and you will find tJiat every part thereof is governed by God with the same care. Many nations maintained^' that Homer was their countryman; also the Athenians said that he was born in Attica and lived there. Plato says that that .state is the best which is governed by the best men. We hope {that) you will relieve the poor. Historians relate that Hannibal excelled all the Roman generals. We hope {that) the enemy will soon be expelled from {ex) our country. Augustus forbade the poems of Virgil to be burned. The unhappy man hopes that he {reflexive) will be freed from all evils by death. It is right^ that the poor should be (are) supported by the rich. Believe that all will love you, if you love virtue. Alexander, king of the Macedonians, doubted (distrusted) that the Gordian knot could be (was to be) loosed by himself, {reflexive), and he, therefore, ent^ it with his sword. I— Reflexive, (5«;, .vj<^/', j^'.) 2—consentio\, 2,—la«s,dis. a,—proprius, a, urn. ^—rwetioy A, 6—contendo ;J. -j—aequiis, a, ttm. S—dijfindo 3. Attention is to be paid to the Future Participle of the following verbs. 296. rno, ruitunis, frutv\ pario, pariturus, inorior, fngio, fiigitiirus, orior, fruitiirus, moritunis. oriturns. I believe tiiat our city can not be taken. All believe tJiat a storm will arise. Sin not, that you may not fear tJiat the punishment is {i^ersor^) always before^ >'our eyes. Who would believe ///^?/ the citizens dissuade^ from peace? Han- nibal Jioped that, in a short time, hc"^ would have Rome in (/;/) his power.* Plato believed that anger and passion are separated 5 from the intellect and mind.^ I hope {that) you ACCUSATIVE WITH INFINITIVE. 155 will never tell a lie. We hope {that) you will, by no means, be deterred from {a) your duty. Livius relates that, m the, same >'ear, three temples had been vowed. ^ I know that you will have mercy on me {gen.). Socrates endeavored^ to show his hearers'^ by an example, that to learn is nothmg else than to remember. We hope {that) you will always be mindful of benefits It is known^^ that the conspiracy of Catiline was i discovered by Cicero. Catiline did not believe that the con- spiracy would be discovered. I believe {that) the enemy will flee if you attack him. It is certain that we shall all die. When Caesar ascertained that the enemy approached, he led his army out of {ex) the camp. Believe that by virtue you will acquire for yourself the greatest praise. :_.„/. (with ace ) .-dissuadeo 8. 3-Reflexive. ,-potestas atis. S'Sejun^o 3. T-J.Z /-. 7-— 3. B-siudeo3, ,-audUor, oris. io-«..,. xx-«./«.. a. um. 297 Sentimns ealere ignem, nivem esse albam, duke mel li qui peeearunt, poenam semper ante^ oculos versan putant. Mathenuitiei doeent terram eirea- solem treeentis sexaginta qum- que diebus eursum suum eonfieere. Pennanere amnios arlutramur. Quis nesett pnmam esse historiae legem, ne' quid falsi dieere audeat. Soerates dieere solebat omnes in eo, quod seirent, satis esse eloquentes. Seito omnes sanos mortem servituti anteponere. X- Preposition, before. 2-Preposition, around, ^-ne quid falsi . that nothing wrong. ■>98 Alexander Maomis scpukhnan Cyri jussit aperiri. Auro argentoque repletnm esse eredidemt, sed praeter^ eUpeum ejus putrcm et arens duos et aeiuaeem mini reperit. Medui nnnquam ae^ris dieuut illo morbo eos esse morituros. Phdippens, rex Maeedmum, omnia eastella expugnan posse dkehat. w quae asellus onustus auro posset aseendere. Darius rex in fuga eum aquam turbidam bibisset, negavit unquam se bibisse jiicundius. ,-rrc|iosilion, besides. 2 -will, a greater pleasure and appetite. 156 GERUND. PRESENT PARTICIPLE. 157 Gerund. 299. Sixty conspirators stood around Caesar in the Curia, ' under the pretense ^ of saluting^ (him). The canieH is adapted for ((K^ ) carrying and riding. We strengthen'' the body by swimming.*' The art of navigation' is very difficult. Horses are adapted for {ad) riding; oxen, for drawing ^; asses, for carrying. Men cultivate'^ their intellect by learning and reflexion.'" The art of surveying is very useful. Restrain'' anger in punishing. Fabius Maximus defeated Hannibal by delay. If you will not practice the art of reading you will not learn it. The art of teaching is very dilKcult. The bond'* of human society is reason and language, which unite'' men to each other'^ by teaching, learning, intercourse, 'discussion,'*' adjudication.^^ 1 — Curia, ae. 2— species, ei. i—sa/u/o 1. 4 — canulus, i. ^—corrobdro 1. 6—vo 1. or nato 1. 7 — navigo 1. ^—traho 3. y^—vescor 3, 10— cogiiu 1. \\—prohtbeo 2. i2—vinculu)n,i. \2,—conalio\. i/[— inter sc. \^—conimimico\. \6—ciisce/>to \. \-]—judico\. 300. Do J f 11 tores e quorum verbei'a adJiibent ad douiandinn. Populus RouhDius Xun/aui Pouipiliuui ad regnaiidum Rouiaiii^ Curibus aecivit. Legeudi semper oeeasio est, audieudi uou semper. Hoe praestamus maxime feris, quod eolloquimur inter'^ nos et quod exprimere dieendo seusa possumus. Caesar dando, suble:'ando, iguoseeudo gloriam adept us est. Feras naJieiseimur iriiaudo, ut veseauiur iis. Optima m vivendi rationeii eligamus ! 1)1 arte fingeJidi praestautes fuerunt Alyro, Polyeletus, Lysippus. Soe rates inter rogamio elieere sole bat J lo milium op it no lies, I— After the question, whereto? the names of towns are put in the ace; after the question, whence? in the abl.; after the question, where? singular nouns of the first and second declensions are put in the gen.; all plurals and nouns o( the third declension in the abl. 2 — Inter «6>.v, among us; with each other. Present Participle. 301. Four hundred Helvetian cavalry fighting bravely, defeated four thousand Romans. We praise the warriors and the citizens freeing their country. The Romans and Greeks when dining (the dining Romans, &c.), adorned the hair with flowers and garlands. ^ Seated and silent, li^e awaited the teacher. Demosthenes mentally eoneeived (embraced or com- prehended with his mind) many verses, and uttered- them, climbing^ steep hills. Plato died whilst writing, in the eighty-first year of his age. Socrates used to say: I eat and drink (when) hungry^ and thirsty; but others eat and drink without being hungry and thirsty. Many formerly ran in the race-course, competing'^ for the prize. Caesar could, at the same time, read, listen to another reading, and dictate to one writing. The mien, (although) silent, has often a voice and words. White \\QX?,QiS drew^ the triumphant Camillus. Extin- guish the rising^ flame. ^ Remus, mocking his brother Romulus, y/^;///>^Y/ over the new walls of Rome. I — corona, ae. 2 — pronnntio 1. j^—ascendo S. /^—esUrio 4. ^—peto 3. 6 — veho 3. •] -tiascor 3. '$,-Jiamma, ae. 302. Side rum princeps est sol, omnia clarissima luee eo I lu- st rans. Naufrago matium porrigamus, erranti viam monstremus, cum esurieute pa/iem nostrum dividamus! Optimus est orator, qui dieendo aniuws audientium et doeet et delectat et permovct. Auditus semper patet ; ejus enim sensu etiam dormientes egemus. Sol oriens et oeeidens diem noctemque effieit. Malus miles est, qui imperatorem gemens sequitur. Nil agenti dies longus est. Mult a petentibus desunt multa. Julius Caesar annum ae talis agens sextujn deeimum, patrem amisit. i 158 PERFECT PARTICIPLE. Perfect Participle. 303. P. Cornelius Scipio zcas called Africanus, on account of^ (having) conquered Africa. [///. on account of Africa conquered (by him.)] Certain peace is better than a hoped- for victory; the former is in your hands, the latter in the hands of the gods. The army of the Lacedaemonians, inflamed^ by the songs of the poet Tyrtaeus, gained^ a most glorious victory over {ab) the Messenians. ** The Romans liked wine mingled with water. Alexander loosed the Gordian knot, (by) cutting it with his sword. A written letter remains. P'riends poured^ wax over the deceased Agesilaus because they had no honey. Horatius Codes, ^ though armed, '^ jumped^ into (///) the Tiber, and 57tv?;// over^ to {cid^ his friends. Nero, offended by the unsightliness'" of the old buildings," iv7 Rome 0)1 fire. PvVerlasting renown has often been acquired by deeds performed in war. The wealth, acquired by conquest, ruiiied^'^ the Roman empire. Alexander the Great subdjied the countries subject" to the empire of the Persians. The Lacedaemonians, broken down" by disasters, uiade peace. The emperor Adrian refused {resptto 3.) the games decreed to him.^^ The terrified enemy iruiained in the camp. Caesar, (when) captured by pirates, together with {cum) a physician^"" and two slaves, remained with them forty days. With sword unsheathed, and at the same time uttering reproofs, Horatius stabbed his sister. It was a Roman law: you shall not bury nor burn a dead man in the city. \— propter, with ace. ^—incendo Jl. ^—rfpotio 1. ^—Messenii, oriim. ^—circum- fundo 3. d— Codes, Uis. -j—armo 1. ?>—desilio 4. g—trano 1. lo — de/ormitas, atis. li—aedtjiiium,i. \2-perdo%. i^—sufijicioii. \.\—frango'\. i5_Reflexive. i6—viedicus, i. PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 159 304. Teira mutata non mutat fuores. Haec^ lex m amicitia sanciatiir, ut neque rogemus res turpe? neqiie faciamus rogati. Terra nascenies excipit, natos a lit et sjistinet, postrcmo''- com- plectitur gremio. ^ Avaritia inducti vmlti Jiomines in se facinora ad miser nut. Saepe par-ja scintilla contempta magnum excitavit incendiiun. Cum terras ?iox opacavit, turn caelum totum cernimus astris ornatum. Non facile dijudicatur amor verus et fictus. Leges a victoribus dicuntur,^ accipiuntur a victis. Sperne volup- tates; nocet empta dolore voluptas. Con-uptus judex verum male examinat. Catihna in senatu accusatus obinutint. Sonitu oppletae aures honiinum saepe obsu7'dueru7it. i—Haec lex sanciatur: let this be sanctioned as a law 2— Adverb, at last. 3— Takes to its bosom. 4— Dictate. PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. A. — Active. 305. Ariovistus intended (was about) to occupy ^^ enure Gaul. I am about to describe (write) the war which the Roman people waged with [cum) Jugurtha. When Alexander the Great was about to unite the Arabian ^ Gulf with (cum) the Mediterranean^ Sea, and to perform other great things, death overtook^ him at {in) Babylon. When Pliny the elder^ was going to view^ the eruption (fires, plural) of Mount Vesuvius, he wdiS suffocated '^' by the ashes and smoke. ^ \\ hat do you intend to do when thr enemy will come into {in) your country? Many tremble all over (with all the members, abl.) when they are about to speak publicly. '' Before {arite) his death, Virgil was about to destroy the Aeneid/"* Caesar Cf?;«- pelled the Helvetians, who were about to seek new habitations, to return to their deserted country. i—occupo 1. 2—Arabicus, a, um. z-i*^temus, a, um. ^—opprimo 3. ^—ntagnus, a, d— specular \. 'j—opprimo %. fs -fiifuii^, 1. ^-mpubhco 10— Arnets,idii. \ V I Go PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. B. — Passive. 306. The passive periphrastic conjugation is generally expressed in English by the active. Such sentences, therefore, must be translated ill! ) the passive by putting the accusative into the nominative, and the person who must do something into the dative , but if there is no accus- ative in the English active, the neuter is used in the passive. Examples. \\ c must love our parents: paniitcs nobis dili- gcnuii sunt ; i. e., the parents must be Joved by us. One inust die : moncndnin est. All men must die : omnibus Jiominibus vwn'cndum est. 307. You must often undergo small troubles, ^ that you may avoid greater. Hoys must be silent, when men speak. Virtue must always be honored. Death must not be feared, l)i!t despised. Boys must acquire knowledge, that they may be useful to human society. When Caesar was about to attack the (icniums, he zuas obliged to build a bridge across {in with abl.) the Rhine. When the occasion and necessity^ demand it, we must fight with the hand and prefer death to slnvcry and disgrace.^ The memory must be exercised daily. 1 K! eyes are to be believed more than the ears. We must perform iliaL which we have promised. The general Iiad to encourage'* the soldiers. We must venture; God himself assists the brave. Cato zuas always of the opinion,^ that Lari liaise ought to be destroyed. A certain Spartan woman ^ tohl hii son, who had to go^ to (ad) war: "if you have t > h^iit, fii^lit in such a manner that you return cither^ with thi-^ shield *>! ^ni it." The [)liilosophers said t/iat virtue must i) ])icferred to utility. You must take care not to be (lest (;/r) \oii bcj uccci\cd. Vuii must patiently'" endure the pains i — /; )>, oris. 2~neces5itas, aits 3 — turpitudo, Inis . t,— adhortor 1. 5 — censeo 2. t—Lacaena, ae T—praescribo 3. ?>—proficxscor 3. 9— Either-or, aut-aut. \o— pattens. MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. I^T 308. Cum its versare, qui te meliorem facturi sinit. In corporibus aegris tiihil, quod noeitu) nin est, medici relinquunt. Graeci in eonviviis solebaut nominare, ^ eta poeulum tmditnn erant. Occultae inimicitiae magis timendae sunt quam apertae. Omnia, quae vindicaris'^ in altero,^ tibi ipsi fugienda sunt, Te illud admoneo,^ ut quotidie meditere resistendum esse ij-anDidiac. I— Insert Cttw. 2— Abbreviated form, instead oi vindicaveris. 3— a//^r, another. 4 — J remind you of that. •-. MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISI ? 309. Aruns, ^ the son of Tarquinius Superbus, and Brutus who had expelled him, eame to elose eombat'^ in battle and slew'^ each other. "* The sisters of Phaethon were elian-. n ' iiito trees by the gods, because they mourned too much. ^ 1 lie women of the ancient Germans acconipaiiu d tii'; aim\ u indi had marched^ against (eontra) the enemy, and dressed' the wounds wdiich had been inflicted^ in battle. Man) h;nc already incurred hatred by advising and dissiiadiiiLT 1 l^c parents who have imbued'" the hearts of their i nadrcn w iiii the principles of virtue, deserve wxa of (de) the -it! } ne hinds" exercise their young^" in running ;'' they lead UKiii to (ad) rugged'* places'^ and teach them how to leap;'^ the iii.tlcs have horns. A great number of imblc" vn-th^ acconip.mii d the Roman general, in order to learn t;u n : a I rnai,}. further Gaul was divided mio (in) diicc pai^^, ui wuicii die Belirians'' inhabited'' one; tlic Aquitanni.'" another; and die Celts,-" the third. I— Aruns, its. 2— to come to close n* I a manus consgro S. ?/ > ^— inter se. ^—converto 3. 6-nimis :nl\*rb.; -j—projiciscor '.\- V i^—inJTigoZ. lo—imbiio^. \i—ci'rva,ae. i- puuus.i. i^-curstis, us ; ; ; a,um. IS— PI ioca,orum. 16— saltus, us. i7—nobi/is,e. 18— Beig^ae, arum. ly i> 20 — Aquitanni, orum. 21 — Cellae, arum. L 3. 1^2 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 1^3 O wise men, you have civilized barbarous^ nations and givcii laws; you have built^ cities and united dispersed^ people! Ihr Carthaginians, provoked^ by many injuries, took 2ip arms ; \n\\ \\ hen their resources^ had been exhausted, ^ the city was captured and set on fire. AV the river Ticinus, » the !;. man armv was defeated b\ 1 1 innibal, and Scipio him- self ainiost'-^ feir" into the enemy's hands. God has formed in in ' ! (. 1) t!ic earth/' has endowed'' him with great powers of soul aial i) ly, and has permitted him to enjoy all things (abl.) that ihc earth produces. The censor Cato was so strict,'' ih It lie was inflamed" with anger, if any one dared make light if th- laws. Xerxes, king of the Persians, wrote to (ad) a king of the Lacedaemonians: "Deliver me your arms;" tlio \?iiicr (hie) anszuered : "come and take'^ them." Those who are instructed in a foreign'" language must dili- gendy exercise themselves in the same ; for facility" (in it) is acquired by exercise. i—baybarus,a,um. 2~pario^. 3—dtsperg'o3. ^-lacessofi. ^-opes.um.d—ataroZ, T—apud. S— Ticinus, i. (j—paene. \Q—vemo\, i\—hiwius,i. 12— tnsfnw 3. \2,—severus, a, um. i^—ardeo 2. is—capio 3. i6—ahenus, a, um, ii^acidtas, atis. 31 i T recommend^ to you Trebetius, a man of ac- knowledged ^ probity and virtue, whom, when you learn to know, you will love. When Hannibal (had) perceived tJiat Ih.c liouse in which he was, was beseiged by soldiers, he took thir poi.Nuii uhicii lie was accustomed to carry with (cioji) him. J have read with [ciwi) surprise^ that a cc rtain Greek philoso- phi 1 piilh .1 out* his eyes that he might not be hindered^ from {ii) lia pursuit'' of truth {gen.) by the sight' of earthly** things. The Decii.^ who sacrificed their lives for {pn^ their countr)', hoped that the enemy would be destroyed. Zeuxis once /rt'/>//r^/ grapes wnth such great skill that even buds, (being) deceived, flew towards {ad) them. Whu ; Hannibal was nine years of age, ^^^ his father took\\\v(\ along with {ciun) him to {hi) Spain; when he had grown up, Jie began to command an army, and from {ex) that time Jie ceased not to liarass the Romans. i—commendo 1. 2—cognosco 3, T,—admiratw, onis. 4 — effodio 3. ^—abstraho 3, 6— stadium, i. T—aspectus, us. %—humanus, a, um. ()—Dectus, i. 10— Born, natus. 312. Not to have buried one dead, was, with the ancient Romans, a most grievous crime. When an uiiburicd corpse was found by them, they used to cover^ it with earth. Titus used to say that he^ never feared snares, but always .\.i- ;i his guard against li uterers. ^ The Scythians neither |aattic( d agriculture, nor had they a home, or a roof, or i dwelling- place*; they pastured their flocks and used to wander through^ uncultivated^ solitudes.^ They carried^ their wives a.; children along with {ctini) them on {abl.) wagons^ \ ' / a >' covered with hides^** and used them instead of {pro) hou^^cs. They lived on milk and honey. The use" of wool''^ and clothing was unknown''* to them. Already many men seized" with terror, grew dumb; others struck'^ with fear, troubled. This punishment for parricides'^ was established" by trie Romans: that the parricide should be sewn'' up in a bag, together with {c7ini) a dog, a roostrr'*', a snake and an ape. and thrown^' into the sea. i—injicio 3. 2— Reflexive. 2>— adulator, oris. 4— sides, is. 5— /^r, with ac «, 6—incultus, a, um. 7-solitudo, inis. %-^veho 3. (^—plaustrtim, i. \o—rorium, i. 11— usus, us. 12— tana, ae. li—ij^notus, a, um. i^—corripioS. is~fierceUo 3, 16-parricida, ag. l-j—instituo 3. \?r—insuo '^. ig—cuUrus, i. 20— p:allus gaUinaceus, i. 21— drjicio 3. 313. The motion of animated beings is various ; the}' < itiitr walk,^ or run. or tliey liy, or iraal- or made^ witti the Romans, and assisted their allies in all thv n \\ui> with 19 H 1 64 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. auxiliary^' troops. Nothing delights^ a noblc« and elevated^ character more'' than the sight of the sun, which sends forth'' innumerable and most brilliant' rays*'; than the mild'' and calm'' light of the moon, by which the darkness'' of night is illuminated"; than th? countless stars, with which nightly" the heavens are adorned as with'' gems'"; than the knowledge'' of the laws, which the heavenly bodies obey. The noble Romans used to be buried near {juxtd) the Appian^^ way'^^ which led to Capua'*; there many graves have been already found, many are found in our times, and many will be found in the future. '" i—ambido\. 2-repo'i. T,—Massilienses, turn. 4— servo 1. 5— (/co) 3. 6—auxiIia, orum. i—delecto 1. %-erectus, «, um. g-celsus, a, urn. lo—fftagis (adverb). ii-emitto 3. \2—splendidus, a, ion. i^— radius, 1. i^— mitts, e. i=,-piacidus, a, um. 16— caHgo hits. i-j—illustro 1. iS—nociurnus, a, um. ig-velut. 20-gemma, ae. 21 -cognitio,dnis. 22— Appia,ae. 2i-via,ae. 24— Capua, ae. 2'^—posteru»itempus. 314. We confide in those who understand more than we. The Greeks and Romans used to surround their cities, which were to be assaulted or captured, with very high towers ; at the same time, the walls of the enemy used to be assailed^ by them with portable^ battering-rams, and to be undermined^ by ditches'^ dug under^ them; but the soldiers who demolished^ the walls, were provided ^ with a great number of grappling hooks^. f [annibal four times defeated'^ the Romans: twice in upper Italv, at {ad) the river Ticinus, and at the Trcbia'^; then at ti- Lake Trasimene and afterward" at {apiid) Cannae", in southern Italy. The laws of the ^omvins foj'bade three consuls to be elected'^ at the same time. The laws of Lycurgus exercised youth in {abL) hardships: in hunt- ing, in racing and in suffering hunger, thirst, cold, and heat. i—percutio 3. 2~admoveo^. 3— 5/(f^t>^//o 3. 4—cuniculus, t. ^-ai^oS. 6—diruo3, 7 — insiruo 3, S—karpdgo,i/iis. g—prosiemo 3» 10 — Trebia, ae. ii—postea. 12 — Cannae, arum. 13 — creo 1. m > MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 165 31$. Dear scholars, love your teachers not less^ than science itself and consider them as the artificers^ of your intellect. This affection^ contributes* much to {ad) study, for thus you will willingly^ hear them and wish to be like them {dat.)\ you will gladly and cheerfully come^ to (/;/) school ; having been re- proved {i'itupcro^)y you will not be angry ; having been praised, you will rejoice, and, by diligence deserve {ut) to be chcrislicd by them. Augustus restored so many old decayed ^ buildings of the city of Rome, that he must be called the restorer^, or rather^ the second founder'*' of that city. Aft( r \hc ( n ni and Teutons" had defeated some of the Roman consuls and deprived" them of their army {abL)y the Roman people ordered Marius to continue the war. He {is) viet them at {apud) Aquae Sextiae and the Teutons were defeated. I — non mimis. 2— parens, its. ;^— pie fas, atts. 6,— facto 3. 5 — libens, it's. 6 — convenio 4. 7 — collator 3, 8 — restitutor, ui is. 9 — vel pottus. 10 — condltor, oris, ii — Teutdni, arum. 12 — exuo 3. 316. A certain Lacedaemonian^ said to his host^ {dat.) who showed him the high and broad walls of his native^ city: "If you have erected them"* for women {dat.), you have done well; but if for men, you have acted ingloriously^." For Sparta itself had no {nou) walls, because the citizens believed that the city should be protected not by walls, but by arms. When the Thebans^ had vanquished the Lacedaemonian^ and had come as far as {usque ad) the city of the latter, a certain Th.^hdiW'^ asked: "W'licre^ are now the Lacedaemonians?" A captive^ ^//.y^e'^nY/; "They are not here; f'^-^r 'f t^ir;/ ^xcrc■^ you would not have come hither'^" Proculejus, a K man noble, earned endless f^ime by lus patcrnir' nfllata n t, .- {-nj his brothers. When their father died, In duidcd tiie patri- mony amongst {cu7n) his brothers, Minciia .a i Scipio, in 1 66 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. equal parts, but the latter zucrc deprivecV' of their property ni the civil war. In order to (///) mitigate" this misfortune, lv«K uiejus shared his own property with {cum) his brothers. x-Lacedaemomus qiiidam. 2-hospes,Uis. z-patria,ae. ^-isU._ ^-turpiter. (,-Thebani,omm. -j-TheyamiS qmdant. ?>-ubi. ^captxvus.u lo-huc xx-paternus,a,um. 12-amnius, t. 13-pariior 4. 14-exiw 3. i5-iento 4. 317. The emperor Trajan^ died in the 63rd year, the 9th montli and 41I1 day of his age; in the 19th year, 6th month and : - day of his reign^ His remains (bones) he^ in the I i :] . beneath* the column which he himself had erected. 1 h!. column still'^ stands^ in Rome ( -r;/.) ; it rises^ to {in with ace) a height of {^c;l) 125 feet; in the inside« there are 185 steps hv {ad/.) which the top is reached, and forty windows^ whicii 'ulmie^ the light. On the exterior are represented'' Trajan's military achievements'% executed with the greatest skill and exactness. On the summit'^* of the column, once stood' ihe brazen'^ statue'*^ of Trajan, 23 feet high; now replace.} 1))- the image'^ of the Apostle^* St. Peter. ,-Tnyanus,t. 2-imp.rium,i. i-jiceot. 4-x«*. with ai.u. -^.-hodte. ^^-J^foX, n-emineo 1. 8- In the inside, tntus (adverb). c^feuestra, ae. lo-admitto 3. \,^,_,pr^„,o'^. i2-res (bello) gestae, n^v^rtexjcis. H-emtneo 2. i^-aeneus.a, urn. i^—signuni, i. 17— sintn/dcrum, t. \%-Apost5lus, i. 318. Two dogs. Nero and Phylax, had found a good bone. Each desired the whole bone for himself; a quarreP arose, and then they beowi'' such a fierce fight^ that the blood watered (flowed on) the ground^ idnally Nero was put to flight and Phylax joyfully-' ran back^ to {ad) the place where they had left the prize. Hut he sought in vain, for another dog had stolen the bone during^ the fight. A raven « had stokn cheese and perched'* with {cum) it cm :\ high tree to (///) eat'" {imp. subj.) his booty. When a fox saw this, he approached'' and addressed'' the raven uith artful'' words: • ' What" a pretty bird you ^e, O raven ! If you had a voice, V ^ I ^j \ I MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 167 I would say that you are the king of birds." Tlic mvcn. cajoled'^ by this flattery, opened his beak'^ and Liud . But when his bill had been opened, tlie cheese dropt'"", wliich the fox immediately siezed'^ and devoured'^. i—rijtra, ae. 2—committo 3. z—pugna, ae. ^— solum, i. ^—exsulto 1. 6—recurro 3. 7— m/-^;-, with ace. %-corvus,i. g—constdoS. 10— comMo Z. ii—accurroZ. 12—alloquorZ. iZ—caltlduSy a, um. 14— quant. 15— tnduco 3. 16— rostrum, i. ly—clamo 1. i^— delator 3. 19 — arripio 3, 20 — devoro 1. was 319. A gentleman^ had a dog and an ass. The dog loved and caressed ^ by the master and choice^ niuibeib* were given him. This the ass saw with envy^ He reflected within [ciun) himself: ''why is the dog loved by the master? why do I receive blows^? Tie is useless', while I have alwixs procured great advantages^ for the master {dat). But the ilog isanartfuP fawner; the master has never received aii) dal- teries'" from me: I shall also be loved, if I do as he does." Accidentally" the master entered'' the {in) stable" at this time. Immediately the ass approached and began to lick'* the master's face" with his broad tongue. The master terrified and angry", called the servants who unmercifully beat'' the silly ass with sticks. Thus beaten, the ass beivailed his folly". An old man had cut down wood " in a forest and began to return home with {cum) a heavy load. As he was fatigued '" by the burden and the journey", he hiid doivii''' the wood, and, pondering'' over the miseries'* and wants'' of old age, called'^ aloud ''^' upon death to free him from all evils. Death soon came'''' and asked: "What do you want, old man?" Then the old man, terrified, answered: ''I beg you to lay"^ this load upon {dat) my shoulders^." x-dominus,i. 2-pernxnlceot. z-egregins, a, um. ^-frustum,i. i-invidia , ae . 6-to be beaten z'fl////.;!. i-inutilis,e. %-commddum,i. g-caindus, a^um. io~blandtttae, arum xx-forW. x2-intro\, xz-stabiilum, i. H- lambo Z. 15-facies, ei. i6-tratus a um. xi-mulco 1. x^-stultitia, ae. x<)-Ugnum, u 20-fessus, a, um. 21-iter iiinfris. 22-depdr,o%. 2Z-reputo 1 secum 2X-miseria, ae. 2^tnopia, ae. 2b- :n 1. rj—clarus. 2S—adsum. 29—impdno 3. 10— humerus, i. M lucy MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. IRREGULAR VERBS. 320. All the gods, except^ Discordia (the goddess of discord), were invited ^ to (a^/) the wedding^^ of Peleus and Thetis. ' intiarned^ with anger, she t/ireza^ an apple among^ the gods on which these words were written: "The hand- somest shall have me." Juno, Venus and Minerva claimed the apple. When a great contention^ had arisen amongst them, Jupiter coDiniandcd Mercury to lead the goddess to Paris'^ the son of J*riam"\ who pastured his flocks on Mount Ida and added that he would settle^' the dispute. To him, ]wwo prom- ised the sovereignty of the whole world, if he would decide^'^ that she ■** was the most beautiful. Minerva /r^v/ him great fame amongst all men. But Venus pivmiscd that she would give him in marriage'* Helen'"', the most beautiful of all women. Paris ptrfcnrd this latter gift to the others and decided that Venus was the most beautiful. He afterwards ti'aveh'd to Lacedaemon and carried off Helen from her husband'**' Menelaus'". From the affair, arose the Trojan'*^ war for {ad) which almost'"* the whole of Greece departed. \—praeter with ace. 2 — invito 1. Tf—nuptiae, arum. 4— Thetis, Idis. 5 — incendo 3. 6—mitto 3. T — inter with ace. %— discordia, ae. 9 — Paris, idis. 10— Pridmus, i. II — dirlmo 3. 12— judlco 1. 13 — Reflexive. 14 — to give in marriage : in matrimonium do 1. \'^—IJelSna,ae, 16 — vir, or mariius, i, 17 — Mene/aus, i. 18 — Trojdnus, a, um. \^—fire. \ TK REGULAR VEK I^S. Edo. 321. You do not live to (that you may) eat, but you crit to (that you may) live. You eat {ace.) the whole day. I u ! re you begin to eat, pray to God {abl) by ^\ hose benevolence you eat and drink. At the command of Jupiter, Vulcan^ chaiiied'^ Prometheus to {ad) a rock on Mount Caucasus^ with iron nails* and placed there^ an eagle to eat^ his heart '; as much^ as he had eaten during the day, so much^ was restored (grew) during the night. \—Vulcanus,i. 2—aing0\. 2>—Caucdsus,i. /^—clavus,i. i—appono^. (y—exHoZ. 7 — coY^ cordis. %— quantum. 9 — tantum. Fero. 322. The earth bears various fruits. We bear the same misfortune that you bear. We would bear every pain with {ciini) you, if we could. Afford (bear) succor to the unfortu- nate. Whatever fortune shall bring, we will bear it with equanimity^ I have borne heavier burdens than aou will carry. You should resolutely^ bear reverses.^ Ikar the burden patiently; perform the work discreetly. You \\ill more easily bear sufferings, if you endure them patiently. I would patiently endure my sufferings, if they were ih l \ cry great. You are urged on* to dishonorable gain-^ by a^^^r!^e^ A public law should be submitted to (broug: ' ^ .re) the people. Solon gave^ laws to the Athenians; lu \\a.% ihere- fore^ their lawgiver^ You carry heavy burdens: vc have carried still heavier ones. Bear patiendy the burdens of this J 170 IRREGULAR VERBS. life; for by patience a great portion of the hardship is removed^. Fortune has elevated (brought) many to the highest dignities. Give^*^ thanks'' to him from {a) whom you have received a favor. A brave man should endure what can be endured. Death has already taken off ^ many people, many he takes off^ daily, and will finally tah' us all awa^. You shall not render'" like for like. It was a custom among {apiid) the Romans that friends should contribute'^ money for a banquet.'^ The wise (man) forgets the injuries that have been inflicted'* upon {ciat.) him. Whatever there is hidden, time brings''^ to (ad^ light. Why do you defer"' your journey? Why have you deferred your journey? Prefer'^ virtue to all things. i—aequus animus. 2 — constans, it's. 3 — res advetsae, reriim advet sarum. i,—ferre. 5 — lucrum, i. 6 — avaritta, ae. 7 — igltur. 8 — legislator, oris, ^^au/erre. 10 — re/erre, (render). 11— gratia, ae. 12 — conferre. i2,—convivium,i. 14 — infer re. \^—proferre, 16 — dijfferre. i-j— ante/err e. 323. The poets relate that the giants waged ^ war against the gods ({/at.). Cimon buried many dead at his own expense^. Julius Caesar, you are justly preferred (considered the greatest of) to all the generals of the Roman empire. Why do you defer until tomorrow^ a necessary business which \'ou could perform to ii.iy? It is the duty of citizens to prefer the welfare of the state to their own advantage. When all the Centaurs'^ heaped rocks and trees upon (iti) Caeneus, w^ho could not be wounded with the sword, he was then killed. A sudden death can'ied off Achilles. Everything that could be removed zuas carried off by the enemy. You are, O Codrus, exceedingly extolled (with the highest praises) because you have exposed^ \ o irself to certain death for {pro) your country. After Codrus h il exposed himself to death for his country, the royal® dignity'' zuas abolished by the Athenians in the i6th year ;Ut. I the destruction of Troy^. Cicero relates that immense li IRREGULAR VERBS. ^, 1 treasures were carried off from {ex) the cities of Sicily b) Verres^ We should rather'" bear" injury than inflict^ it. The emperor Tiberius made away with'' every citizen, suspected'^ by him'*. ^-inferre. 2-sumptus, tis. i—crasttnus, a,um. A—Centaurus,i. ^—offerre. e-regixis, a. urn. '!-dignltas,atts. 8 -Troy (being) destroyed. <^-yerres,rs. lo-potius. xi—perferre. \2—auferre i^—suspectus, a,unt. 14— Reflexive. i 324. Canis caninam non est. Esse debes, ut vivas, non vivere, ut edas. Prefer et obdura ; labor hie tibi proderit olim. Quid tarn regiuin est, quam opem ferre supplicibus f Par pan referto. Virtutem praeferte divitiis. Non convalescit planta, quae saepe transfertur. Bene fen-e magnani disce fortwiam. Eurystheus rex Herculi imperavit, ut anna reginae Amazonum sibi afferet. 325. Herculem in caelum sustulit fortitudo. Ager cum multos annos quievit, uber lores efferre fruges soleL Barbaiismus est, cum verbum aliquod vitiose effertur. Homines hoc a bestiis plurimum differunt, quod rationem habent a Deo datam. Athenienses jurare solebant omnem suam^ esse ten-am, quae ^ oleam frugesve'^ ferret. Imperium Asiatlcum ab Assyriis, qut id obtinuemnt annos mille septuaginta, translatum est ad Medos, Caesar sarclnas in unum locum conferrijussit. i-Suam esse, be Uieir property, belong to them ; 2-F^, or, is always affixed to the word following. VolOy nolo, malo, 326. He who can desire (will) what is sufficient, has what he desires, If you wish to be loved, you must love. M i do not wish that the same person should excel in {abl.) nmny things. You do not desire that which you can do; afterward you will not be able to accomplish wluii yuu ac.iic. \ ii would, if all would. You shall be able to a - nv-'ch eve rv^ thing, if you wish to do so. If you desire peace, prepa ^ . 173 IRREGULAR VERBS. for war. Pomponlus Atticus preferred (i. e. wished rather, vialo) to forget an injury than to avenge it. He who wants to eat the kernel ^ oi {ex) a nut, breaks^ the nut. If I shall be able, I shall do what you now want. If we wish to attain"* (ex) the highest, we must begin from {ab) the lowest. Try it; you can do it, if you wish. We prefer to die than live dishonorably. You desire what we do not desire. It is a condition {lex) of friendship that friends desire the same. The poets desire to be useful and to amuse. \—pato\, 2—HUclSus, i. T,—/rango 3. i^—progrediorZ. 327. Noli and nol'ite are frequently used to pcriphrase the ^^'^'-^//w imperative: e.g., Do not do that, noli hoe faeere ; do you not do that, nolite Jioc faeere. Ti) desire the same, and not to desire it, is firm friendship. 1' ' • touch me. Be not haughty^ on account of {abl.) riches, for an accident can deprive you of them {dat.). He who lias never learned, is unwilling to learn. Tf \ . »u desired to improve your manners, you would be able to improve them; you are unwilling, therefore you do not improve them. Alex- ander the Great would be painted by no painter^ but^ Apelles^. ]) 11 1 tempt the fury of the lion. Many men prefer to endure slavery rather than fight. Why do you profer the assistance which you are unwilling to afford? Do net conceal that which you have not done rightly. When his friends asked liie dying Anaxagoras^ whether^ he wished to be taken to (/;/) his own country, Jie replied: **from every place^ there is an equal distance [just as much* (of) way] to (ad) the mil ! !ij} 1 -nons^." The brave soldier will sooner die than be \ iiiquished. Do not that which is forbidden by the laws. \\c can iio everything that we desire, but we are often unuillini^ to do tliat which we are able to do. i—superbio 4. 2—pictor, oris. 3— «m. 4—Ape//es, is. 5—Ana.vagdras, ae, 6— num. i~undique. S—tantundem. g—inf»ri, orum. IRREGULAR VERBS. 1 " ^ 328. Docdis est, qui attente vult audire. Sperenius^ quae voluvuis, sed quod aeeiderit^, feramusl Poetae post vwr'rm nobilitari volwit. Quae voluutus, et'^ erediuius libenter. Valere malo quaui dives esse. luipellimur uatura, 7it prodesse velimiis quani pluriuns^ . Multuui lege et seribe^ ut possis dieere^ cum voles. Non so htm vestiti esse volwnus, ut vitenius frigus, sed etiani tit videauiur vestiti esse Jioneste. I— /4<:ciinig- us assistance! If you do not afford^*^ us that, we shall perish. Hours gone by will never return. Hercules ^/r/^'z/'r^/ to {ad) the gods ; he would not have gone to them, had he not cut out this path for himself by virtue. Themistocles sought a defile" that he might not be surrounded'" by the multitude of the enemy. By hesitation^^ (hesitating) the occasion has often been lost. I — ohire. 2—hirundo, tnis. ^—obviam, irr. 4 — eo. 5 — quo. 6~^/alum, i. 'j—accipio 3, 8 — autftn (is to be placed after the firsc word), g—a/iqurs. \o—adferre. II — august tae, arum. 12 — circiiire. 13 — delibfruX, 331. All men should endeavor^ that their lives may not be passed ^ in obscurity. ^ When I shall have returned from the country'*, I shall go to {ad) you. Augustus <'//W/'* in the 76th year of his age. When the ancient Germans were about to go into (/>/) battle, they used to sing the praises of brave men. In narration^ everything should be omitted that can be omitted. Who shall bring back to me the years gone by? Let us undergo^ every danger for the freedom of our country. Good men should undergo every danger for their country. Sulla decreed^ that all the property of the prescribed shoukP be sold. In winter the rivers can be forded on foot. All the wares which had come into the city were sold yesterday. Before {ante) Hannibal, the general of the Carthaginians, no one had crossed the Alps with {cum) an army. Lycurgus bomuP"^ the Lacedaemonians by an oath to change nothing (u.ii they should change nothing") in {de) his laws, untir' he himself should return, but he never rcturued. Wc besought the general to afford us aid ; as he was unwilling we entreated^^ the king that assistance might be sent us in order that we might not perish. Apelles exposed'* his works when «i«i* * I'-mM IRREGULAR VERBS. 175 completed (completed w^orks) in a gallery'^ to those passing by'* and heard'^ behind {post) the painting'*' the faults tlint would be criticized'^ I — nitor 3. 2 — transire. -i—silentium, i. ^—rus, ruris. 5 — obire. 6 — narratio, onis. "j—sublre. 8—edtroS, g—proscribo Z. 10— obsiringo 3. 11— that nothing— n' tl^c-e burdens, which we can not carry. Do not desire that \\i: li you can not obtain^. I — covimitto 3. 2 — adversus, a, urn. 3 — ass?quor 3. 333. Fortes viri proelium incunt ct sanguinem pro ;\i:''ia profundunt. Abeunt omnia, unde orta su?tt. hicipit res ' ire, quavi putaram. Diffugere nives, redeiinf jam gidniina campis arboribusque comae. Quodlibet periculum pro p atria, parentibus, hospitibus, amicis adeamus et quemlibet suscipiaji us laborem. Taurus propter nives avtr uicusrm Juniimi ti\v:>ari non potest. Potest ex casa vir magnus exire. I'^'^iuhnta mutare non possumus. Qui fugiuni id fcriciduuK ^ ■ /' republic a subeundum est, stulte faciunt. Demosthenes ewn yJio dicere nequiret, exercitatione fecit^, ut planissinu di,u-et. I— Fecit, ut (gained effected so much, that. / J 176 IRREGULAR VERBS. Fio. 334 A burden which is borne cheerfully, becomes light. Everything- that we can not alter, becomes lighter by patience. N< 'thing will happen if God does not permit it; without^ the permission'^ of God, nothing can happen. If we should assist a criminal, we should become accomplices^ in his guilt''. Jie careful to become wiser and better. Do not desire that which can not happen. If everything happened by chance^, every precaution^ would be vain^. Amongst the ancient Romans, consuls were created^ from (ex) farmers; tht')' took^'^ Cincinnatus" from the plough to become dictator'^ A \\ !nc man forgets the injuries he has received. From (ex) friends, people often become enemies; but w^ shall endeavor u .t from (ex) enemies, they shall become friends. If all boys were accustomed^"' to obey the laws, they would never ! 1 after life (afterward) undergo** punishment. Against (av^/n?) force, nothing can be done and effected without force. Let us hope for what we desire, but let us bear what happens. We are accustomed to say that no injustice can happen to him who desires (him desiring) it; therefore, no injustice has hap- pened to us, because we have desired that it happen so. The comitium was a place in the Roman forum where the popular assemblies'' were held"". Many things for which we dare not wish, often happen accidentally. 1— jm^with a i.i. z~voluntas,atis. T,—nocgtis,tis. 4—socius,t. ^—noxia,ae. 6—fatum,t. ^—cautio,^nis.%~inumis,e.f)—facto'^. \o—arcesso^. \i—Ctncinnatus,i. 12- dictator, oris, i^ — consue/acio 3. \^— officio ^. \^—comitia , drum . i6-facio3, 335. A pocta fabidafit, ab actorc agitur. Solis ortus, ciirsus, occasHs fiemo aduiimtnr, propterea quod quotidie fiiDit. Scipio, qui fousiilafiiJJ! petivit 7iunquani, f actus est consul bis. Facile fieri id diLDJius, quod sine magno labore brevissimo tempore conflci potest. I DEFECTIVE VERBS. ^// DEFECTIVE VERBS. \»>' 336. I deny^ what you affirm^, ^"ou say yes^, when say no^; when all say yes, you say no. Socrates said^ ^ he was an inhabitant^ and citizen of the whole world. I believe that this man isa flatterer; for when I say yes, he h > - yes; when I say no, he says no. The Epicureans'* sax :-Lai pleasure is the supreme good. Orestes^ killed hi< mother. **She (///r, Jiaec, hoc,) killed my father," said he. W ' i> the best and worst in man? "The tongue," said Anacharsis^. Most men remember the punishment but not the crime. lie mind remembers the past and sees the present^ The P} tii.i goreans* were mindful of their master^ in all their words'" ruid actions,'' and had'' this saying'^ always in their mouths: " 1 ^ himself has said it"; but he himself was Pythagoras". 1 r, : favors bestowed'^ but remember favors received. An rn eii hate him who is not mindful of favors. Rem-^mber tha: \ - u will die. We usually hate him, whom we fear. The Rom ins hated the title of royalty (royal name). i—„ego^ '^w. i—inc6la, ae. ^—Epicui-^us, i. ^—Orestes, is. 6—Anacharsis.ldis. ■j—prac^tn^,- is. %—Pythai;orgus,i. ^—magistfr^tri. \o - dictum, i. \\-f actum, x. i2—habeo^. 13-vojr, vocis. i4—Pythagdras,ae. \^—cotiferre. 337. It is better to hate than to dissembled You love c! and hate bad manners; if you did not hate bad, you \\r)ui(l not love good manners. Hail, my friends! In ui!', n \ friends, and remember me; I shall always rei : i \ u The Romans set the Carthaginian ships on fire ih n t n y n'v:\\\ not remember the war. ''V: i- pleasant .\\v\ in-eiabie^ (becoming), says Horace, te eu \ x (pro) >n( - countr}-." Horace says that it is pleasant and honorable lu die i r (-ne's 178 DEFECTIVE VERBS. country. Let them hate, 5^/^^ Caligula^, provided '* they fear. T bate 'Ji! will hate nobody. Why will you hate us? In prosper! t\. it is agreeable to remember past sufferings. Zeno^ said t>a).)utii a ho spoke many foolish things: "we have Hvo car" -xn^A cue mouth, in order that wc may hear more than we ih ai. \'ou depart in sadness; with weeping^ (moist) eyes 1 actunipany' you departing; and '; tongue has spoken vJtli rilining^ accents, ''Farewell!" When a great quantity'*' of gold and silv^er was carried in (/>/) a processsion", Socrates said: " From how many desires am I not exempt?" (how much (I) I desire'^ not?) Good men remember the favors which they have received. 1 — simulo 1. 2—decdrus, a, um. 3 — Cahgiila, ae. 4 — provided that dum. 5- secxmdae, rerum secundarum. 6 — Zeno, oms. 'j—pros?quor 3. 9>—udus, a, um. g— tenuis, e. \o—vis. ii—pompa, ae. 12 — desid^ro 1. 338. Homo ad duas ;r5\ ut ait Aristotilcs, ad intclligendiim'^ it ad agcndiiui, est natus. DemostJicnes dolere se ajcbat, si opiflcian anti'/iicana victiis esset indiistria. A/rica?iits superior coronajn sibi in eonvivio ad eaput accommodabat. Qim ea saepius rumpi'iyfur, I'liblius Lieifiius Varus: '' Noli 7nirari inquit, si 1 1 III // // convenit ; eaput eni)n magnum est/' 7\ Poinpouius Attieus beiiejicia, quae tribuerat, tain diu meminerat, quoad ille gratus ffdi, qui aceeperat. Illud semper memento: Qui ipse sibi sapiens prodesse non quit, iwquidquam sapit. Quidquid a end frit, fortiter et sap tenter feranuis et aecidisse horninibus i/ieminenmus. Quae dam benejieia odimus. Si quid videmus inusitatum, jnagnum, incredibile^ id diu 7ne minis se consuezdmus. I— Twofold acthan. 2-^intelligere, think. r It IMPERSONAL VERBS. 1 \ T 339. It snowed to day. \\ hen it dawned, I arose from (ex) bed^ I do not regret to have lived, acknowledge favors received; T am woiud [)c 1 i i i i.i SgUSti .iteil not acknowledge them. Cicero disliked a a a ? see the bad morals of the state^. What woia : aou desire, if it were permitted to wish everx^thing? \\ ia n tla KoaKins [among (apud) the Romans, when they] came t < a/ a ; i quet, they luLiiiiLu at lauic on couches^, it h- happen lii at it rained stones. It is propc r to \\i( t a from (dat.) an angry man. A good citizen will not c die for his country. Stay with {eum) us, lur it iia- become dark. It is not only^ jar: t^ I to do this, bu also^ necessary. It is better to die than to live in is '' ' i" t ) T i "k i "v : to A I ''-- aih' 11 T it i .^ i—lecius, I. 2—civitas, atis. 3— to recline at table, accumbo 3. i,—lectus, i. 6 — not only— but also, non modo—sed etiam. ■j—ignominia, ae. t. 340. Jam saepe fulsity tonuity tactuui a liquid est de caelo. De caelo lapidavit. Accipere praestat qna:n faccre tujio-ia'i: Sim^ quam me poenitebit maxijna pericula pro pavid subire. / reeare licet nemini. Non licebat feminis Romae vvun}i Inc'iX i'l a/r lice bit, quod non edideris ; nescit vox^ vii^sa rn-n'ti. Oni boie loquivult, eujn consuetudinem'^ sequi oportet. Bella sit^i ^ffc-^n/^i sunt ob eam causa))!, ut sine injuria ui pan I'liatur. \ hi.:o dicitur: Jucundi^ aeti labores, ^ 0))mes, quibus aqua ft / '// interdictum est, exsfdes appellantur. I— Vox missa, a word spoken. 2—Consuetudo. usagt usually done in maxims. .jii'ii IS uniiilfcG, as lis i8o MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. vusCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. r 341. The inhabitants of Mytilene^ gave Pittacus^ many thousand acres^ of land^ as {dat.) a gift; but he said: **Do not give me that, for what many will envy^ many also will demand." In the battle at {apmi) Lilybaeum, 73 vessels of the Carthaginians t£r;rr^?////m/ 6, 12^, sunk, 32,000 of the enemy takai prisoners (seized) and 13,000 slain. Very celebrated are those words of Caesar by which Jie announced to {acc>^ Rome his victory gained in Asia: "I came, I saiv, \ con- quered ;' not less celebrated is that which Cicero said about (de) Catiline: " He has gone", he has escaped^ he has fled^ he has broken forth'"." The Athenians and Lacedaemonians waged war to obtain {de) the sovereignty'' of Greece ; one nation was powerful at {abl.) sea, the other on land; to neither ivas fortune constantly /^7w<7<^/r. When a certain Lacedaemonian was ridiculed, because, being lame, he went (subj:) to the war, he said: " I have resolved'"'' to fight, not to flee." \—Mytilntaei,oru7n. 2—Pitldcus, i. i—jus:irum,i. /^—ager, agri. ^—invldeo 3. S—capio^. y—abire. %—excedo 3, g—evddo 3. lo—etumpoZ. II — imperiufn, i. I2 — proponoZ, 342. When Caesar had returned to (/;/) the city, he pardoned all who had borne arms against {contra) him. One^ of {ex) the Persians said to {dat.) a Lacedaemonian: "You will not see the sun for- the multitude of our javelins^:" the latter {hie) replied : *' Then* we will fight in the shade." A woman I 1 'clieved that her son had been killed in battle, died when -kw i id seen him safe^ ; thus the greatest joy^ caused'^ her diiih I \' has often enticed* many to reveaP ulit they wislied t^^ usnceal. When Solon was asked why he had not decreed'" .i penalty for parricides, he replied'. "I did not MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 181 >» ,12 believe that anyone would be guilty of this." Zeuxis painted a boy who carried grapes; when the birds flew to {ad) hiin, he said : "I have painted the grapes better than the boy When Tyre" had been taken by Alexander, 2,ooo T} rians were crucijied dd\d 3,000 sold. i—quidam. 2— /ra^ with abl. i—jaculumj. ^—igUur. ^sospfS,ltis. (—gaudium,i. -j^afferre. %—peincio 3. (^aperio 4. \o—constituo 3. II— 7>rM^, /. (city). i2—Tyrii,orutn. 343. Camillus, whom his fellow-citizens had banished, remembered, when absent from Rome, his native country\ the mountains, the plains, the Tiber, the climate^ where he had been born and reared. Hannibal made roads^ over {tra7is) the Alps, and brought about that a laden* elephant could pass (there), where before an unarmed^ man could scarcely^^ crawl. The Carthaginians tortured Regulus on his return (returning) from Rome, and ////" him (when) tortured to {ad) death, because he had advised that the captured Romans should not be freed. Socrates used to admonish his disciples when they were intemperate* at {inter) a meal, to remember (that tluy should remember) the companions^ of Ulysses whom Circe'^ changed into {in) swine, because of {propter) their intemper- ance". If king Pyrrhus had not invaded Italy, the Romans would not have begun to construct" camps. At {inter) the banquets of the ancient Romans which commenced (had a beginning") when it grew dark, they drank during the whole night until {dum) it dawned (subj.). \-patrius,aum. 2— caelum, i. ^-iter, itittfris. A—onero\.s—inemtis,e. b—vi.i adv. j—adigo 3. S—uu-ottnnevs, iis. 9 - comes, t/is. 10— Circe, es- (it follows the first Greek declension). 1 1 —mconnnentia, ae. \2—pono 3. 1 3 — m itium cap ere. r Q ") MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. < *i 344 I )arius, the king of the Persians, who opened the tomb j.ucn Scmiramis and expected to (that he^ would) find in it great u ensures, found no money. Upon the tomb these vvnrds were engraved^ : ''If one of my successors^ siKiil need ^ money {abl), he shall open this tomb and take as much^as shall please him; but if ^ he shall not need it, he will open it in vain." Inside^ however^ Darius fomid tins iiihcnption^: '*If you were not urged •" by an insatiable" passion for {gen.) riches, you would not open the tomb of the dead." Cicero, whom the bandits of Anthony pursued, would !i t escape'' bv {abl.) sea: " i ciiiiit me," he said, "to die IP my own country." Tomyris", the queen of the Scythians, comniaiidcd'' that the severed'' head of Cyrus shouU! h thrown'^ into a leather bag filled with human blood: : .te'' yourself," said she, "with the blood for {ace) ^^\^w\^ \ n have always thirsted." A certain man who had 1 iiui k'^ h\' a stone forgot \\\^ letters (of the alphabet); ., \\\\o fell down from {dc^ a very high roof, coidd not ti !i ilu: names of his mother and relations."* I— Reflexive. 2—insculpoZ. i— successor, oris, ^—egeo'i. $— quantum. 6— but if: tin autem. 7—tntus. S-strd. ^—inscriptio, dnis. \o—impello 3. \\—insatiab\lis, e. i2—fugio3, IT,— Tomyris, is, i^—jubeo^. 15— anipuiol. 16— conjtcio 3. 17— sat io 1, 18 — {ico 3). ig—proptnguus, 1. 345. When Epaminondas^ had heard that the Boeotians^ had conquered, he said: "Long enough have I lived, for I die unconquered^." When Hannibal besieged Casilinum*, a cit\ m 1 ami) mia^, a mouse tvas sold {or {abl.) 200 denarii^. IT, \ hu h lit sold \t died of hunger, and he who had bought it, prolonQ-edh\^ life (lived). Alexander suggested^ to Diogenes^ wli- dAi it at [apnd) Corinth in a tub", to ask something of {a) ha.r "Then," said he, "move'' a litde'' out of {a) the siinshmc. ' Admiring his disinterestedness (moderation'*), MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. 1^3 Alexander said: " If I were not Alexander, I would be Diogenes." Tantalus'' was so endeared to the gods liiat Jupiter confided^' to him his designs, and admitted 'Miim to [ad) the banquets of the gods, but he used to disclose to mortals what he had heard there. Un account of ^// /,v/) this crime, he was banished''' to {ad) the miVrnal regions, wliere, standing in water, he fuic\er thirsts; for when cc s about to take a draught" of water, it retires'' from iiim. Therefore, Tantalus can never quench his thirst. i-Epaminondas, af. 2-Boeotii, orutn. ^-invictus, a, urn. ^-Casilinum, i. S-Campania, ae. 6-denarius, i. -j-adhorfnr ). ^-Diogfnes, is. g-^adito 1. jo-do/iiwi, I. II— Reflexive. 12-recedu a. iz-paululum. ^i\—contmentta, oe, i^-Tautdius, i, i6-concredo 3. ii-admitto 3. xZ-dettudo 3. \g-haustus, us. ao — recedo 3. 346. A lion wished to hunt with {cim) an ass. When thc>' had entered the wood, the lion, at a convenient^ place, covered the ass with leaves^ and desired him to frigiiien me uT 1 beasts with his braying (voice), adding, that he himself^ would seize* the fleeing animals. When the lion had clu >Lii ukI occupied a suitable posidon (place), the a^^. at a given si-nal. raised^ such a great cry^ that the terrified beasts sou-ln tlie outlets^ The lion inade^ great havoc^ amongst (inlcr) t a i . When this was done he called the ass and cojuvuvidcd jinn to cease braying. Then'" the latter said: "How" does tin p \. cr of my voice seem to you?" " Excellent." said the lion, it 1 did not know your courage and species, 1 also would 1 a\ e taken flight" i-idoneus, fl, urn, -i-frons, dis. 3-Reflexive. 6,-excipio 3. ^-tollo 3. e- clamor, oris, -j—ex^tus.us. %- edo 3. g—strages, is. 10— turn. II — qualis, e. 347. When Bacchus, the son of Jupiter, led an arm) inio India', Silenus^, the teacher and coni])uion ot Huciius, 1^4 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. strayed^ from iab) the linc^ of march. Midas'\ kin^ of Myg- donia®, irccived him amicably and ^ave him a guide^ to reconduct* him to [ad) Bacchus. On account of [propter^ this service, Bacchus offered Midas the choice'-^ of any"^ gift he might ask of him''. The latter begged that everything he should touch, would become gold. When he obtained'" this, everything he touched became gold. At first'\ he rejoieed at the gift, but soon he became eoiivineed that it was fatal to him"; for even food and drink were changed into (/>/) gold. When he was now tormented \\ ith hunger, he begged l^acchus to (///) take back'* his gift, l^acchus advised him to bathe'^ in the river Pactolus'". When he had touched the water, it became of [abl^ a golden color. I — India, af. 2—Si/tnus, i. 3 — aberfo 1. 4~a^mefi,inis. 5 — Midas, af. 6 — Mygdo' nia,ae. 7 — viae dux. 8—reduco^.,g—opiio,dms. 10 — aliquis. 11 — Reflexive. 12 — intpgtro 1. 13 - primum. t/^—revdco 1. 15 — abluo 3. 16 — Pactolus, i. 348. A certain person was reduced ^ to such great want^ that he resolved t(^ die. With the moncy^ which was still left* him, he purchased a rope'^ and dnnr^ a nail "' into the hollow* wall of a dilaj^idated ^ building in order to end "^ his life by hanging". But as the wall was not able to bear the weight'", \\. gave ^ca/^ and at the same time scattered about^^ a great quantity'"'^ of buried"' gold. When that unhappy man, before whose eyes death already impended, saw mat he was thrown down'^ and unharmed''*, he extr/ca ted '^ h\s neck from the tightened "'' noose and collected'^ the gift" which fortune presented" to him**; then^"*, laden""*' with this precious burden, he returned home""^ Meanwhile"^ the miser"*, who had hidden the treasure'*' came, and, when he beheld the loss, said, affrighted": "Of what use is life to me, when my treasures have been taken away^^?" When he perceived the rope, he MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES. hiing^^ himself and perished^*. Thus circumstances may suddenly''^ change, if fate wills it. i — incldo^. 2—inopia,ae. ^—aes, aeris. i^ - super sum. ^—laqueuSfi. 6—JigoZ. -j—clavus, i, 8—cavus, a, urn. g -semirHtus, a, urn. 10— finio 4. 11— suspetidium, i. 12— pondus, iris. \2,—cedo 3. \i^—effundo 3. 15— z/w. id—defodio 3. \-j—drjicto 3. \9,—incoliimis, e. ig—extrdho 3. 20—stringo 3. 2x—coingo 3. 22 — nmnus. iris. 2i—offerre. 24— Reflexive. 2^— turn. 26—onero 1 27— toward home, donium 2'^—tnterea. 2g-homo avarus. 2>o— thesaurus, i. 2^—perierreo 3. 32 — io/io 3. 33 — suspendo 3. 2A—perire 35— jw^^/o (adv.) 349. Caesar made an expedition^ to the Island of Britain and a certain Scaevian {Scaeva) accompanied^ him thither. The latter with {c2im) four companions^" was carried over"* to (/;/) a reef^ which was not far^ distant^ from {ab) an island which the enemy held garrisoned^. At the ebb^ of the tide'", the space which separated" the island from the rock became a ford'^ which could be crossed. When the barbarians obser\ ed that the others (the rest) had returned to the ships" and left" the Scaevian by himself (alone), they rushed forward^'" and hv'kd javelins'*' at (/>/) him. He, however, dreiv'' his sword and repelled^^ (from him) the most daring'^ of the enemy, and"'** afforded'^ an incredible'"' exhibition'' to the spectators"'', both Romans and Britains. After his thigh'" had already been pierced through, his face'^ mangled'", and his helmet'^ broken to pieces'^, he confided''^ himself to the sea and sicaiu across^^, \\1ien he observed his commander, he begged^' pardon'' {ace.) for having lost his weapons. Caesar extolled^' his bravery and advanced'^'' him to the grade of Centurion""'. I- expeditio, onis. 2—seguor '^. ^—commieito, outs, a,— transviho %. 5 — scopillus,i 6— not far, non procul. 7- distant, absum. 3- to hold garrisoned, teneo 2. <)-regressus, us. \o~aes(us,us. w—diihuo^, \2—vMutn,i. ii-r&tisjs. 14-re/inquoS. i^-accurroZ. le—trluni, i. 17—sMngo 3. i^—depel/o 3. ig—audax, acis 20— que (suffixed to the following word). 21— praebeo "2. 22— mere dibll is, e. 2i~spectaciibim,i. 24—speciol. -z^— femur, 6ris. 26- os, oris. 27— cont undo '^. 2%— galea, ae. 29—discu/ioii. 30— com- mitto 3. zi—transn^to 1. 2>2—peto 3. 33-t/^«za, ae. 2A—efferre. z^—orno 1. 36 — centuridtus, us. Ibt >i LECTIONS FROM ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY. m i i '-J ^ y T J 1 . 350. I. Oiiin im dcoium princeps et summus erat Jupiter, Saturni tt Kii -ae filius. In insula Creta natus et educatus » I Cuiu adolevissei, Saturnum patrem regno expulit reg- liuniqiH ru i diiobus fratribus ita divisit, ut ipse imperium cai ii it tcrrac, Xertnnus maris, ! into inferonini haberet. } iiur nkrumque sedens in solio eburneo, sceptrum sinistra iiidim, dextra fulmen tenens. Juxta eum stabat aquila, quae ivi^ p\ sacra erat, et Ganymedes, qui ei bibere minis- trabct! Ex arboribus quercus ei erat sacra. 2, I UNO, jovis soror et conjux, dea matrimoniorum erat. I ] : I II ill solio sedens, habitu regali, sceptro ct diademate insignis. Lx ivibus pavo ei sacer erat. 3 MnERVA, quae ex capite Jovis nata est, sapientiae et iH nil dea erat. Colebatur imprimis Athenis, ubi studia Is! rrrnin maxime florebant. Eadem belli et armorum dea ti it ! ;n.;itur anii ita, gaieam in capite gestans et induta thorace, in quo Medusa^ caput serpentibus circiinivolutum coiispicitur. Ex ai; n iioctua ei sacra erat, ex arboribus olea. I—Medusa was the most terrific of the three Gorgons. They were bewinged Virgines, most terrific ; their hair and girdles consisting of snakes. 4, \ !^--;TA. S. virgo riML i'; tianplum ei ..i " in'ii'H-iivuyy a \-;r er.inL alcbatii!'. g';!U.Ki ille igni- : nni filia, ignis duiiic:>lici dea erat. IVrjiCtna I L. ejus fuit antiquissimus. Romae primum : iia rege exstructum est. In eo templo ignis j;a.ja:D \ cstalibus, quae hiijus deae saLLiu-ij^ Oaiis poena in earn virginem, cujus negli- s esset, erat constituta. SELECTION:^ FROM ANClENi MViHOLOGY. 5 Cri^F'^. haiuni; ct Rheae filia, fruguiii dea :> f ■ ' 1 f Haec ia'.,uit i j , t :a,'i "~'l''y prima aiincuiturain n ariuies docuit. Sacra ejus ti religioso silentio celebrabantur. Fingebatui ornatam in capite gestans, dixua manu faceni 1-.^ a, aristas et papaver. 6. Mars, belli deus, praedpuo honored Romania -ole- batur. Putabant eniii! Romani Romuluni tt Remum, qui c:3M:. ii-X ajiiai. .,.i"> urbeni Koniam condidcr.uit, xdirta- lau ei sacri erant Kit u^ - t equus. Ab- rr> tertius am 1 inriisis Martins dictus est. Aurigae muiuit m ejus cuir | aia a :e fungebatur Bellona soror. i_\Vith a special (reverence) honor. 2— Acrordmg. '1 1 : . "^ i\-c luiTC 7. Mercurius, Jovis et Majae filius, nunuus dcorani inprimis Jovis. Animas nujituoruiii il int!' - ch ; a idem mercaluiuin ct lucia vleus erat. i.i.a :•■"■• d- fbrmosus, insignis petaso et talariliis alati^. cadiaxum virgam manu tenens. 8. Apollo, Jovis et Latonar idius, cum D'a- a sorore in insula Delo natus e-i. Deus ii n medicinae, artis -.ait tandi, musicae, poesis ; praeterea rat taat dnaataia plurima oracula ei sacra erant, (sa ran td rra oraculuni Delphicum. Idem erat dux n(aain ^h; araa deae artibus et liiteris praesuni. i aaz* datai A juveid-. 1 uiga coma decorus, dextra ai ai t - sinislr.i ^viaim. Plerumquc laiiv.^ .aa'^axaa-^ c-i, , sacra rr-it, quare etiain poctac lauru curuiianiur, l- ei sacer erat corvus et cvonus. 9. Diana, A 'd '^ soror, semper virgo fuit. Iraeerat venationibus. silvis, a aitibus. Fingebatur coma soliiu an am et sagiiias iiianii Kaa r-., cervos aliasve^ feras persSquens cum canibus. I— An enclitic formed from vel, or. i ixi aa n uac itt.■^^ teat utf. lis i , ! L.i ;■*> 1 88 SELECTIONS FROM ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY. 10. Neptunus, Jovis frater, maris imperium tcnebat. Huic equus sacer erat. Agnoscitur inprimis tridente, quern manu tenet. Comitatur eum Triton filius, tubicen, concham pro tuba gestans. 11. Pluto, inferorum sive Orci deus, fingitur in solio SLULiis loco tenebricoso, torvo vultu, insignis sceptro et corona ex ebeno. Plutonis uxor erat Proserpina, Jovis et Cer^ris filia. Earn Pluto ex Sicilia rapuerat. Urcus dividitur in Tartilrum, ubi improbi post mortem variis poenis cruciantur, et campos Elysios, sedem piorum. Judices umbrarum tres sunt : Minos, Rhadamanthus, Aciicus. Ad inferos umbras deducit Mcrcurius, deductas excipit Charon nauta et trans .^ . jem et Acherontem, Orci flumina transvehit. Oui in terra humati non sunt, diu ad ripam Stygis oberant, cjuare veteres magnam sepulturae curam habcbant. Ex fiumine Lethe animac oblivionem superioris vitae bibunt. Introitum Orci custodit canis Cerbc^rus, horribile monstrum, triceps et serpentibus circumvolutum. In Oreo versantur etiam Furiae, quae malos homines excruciant ; crinibus serpentes involutos habent et manu facem ardentem gestant. 12. Bacchus, Jovis et SemSles filius, erat vini deus. liiigebalur adolescens comatus, formosus, nudus, saepe etiam cornutus, hed^ra coronatus, manu gestans thyrsum sive hastam pampinis circumvolutam. Currus ejus a tigribus aut a leonibus trahitur. Comites Bacchi crant Nymphae et Satyri capripedes et Silcnus, qui Bacchi praeceptbr fuerat ; praeterea mulieres ebriae et furentes, quae Bacchae " dicuntur. Immolabatur ei 111 reus, qui vitibus nocere solet. SELECTIONS FROM ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY. 1 ^u I 13. Janus, anni deus, praeerat omnibus initiis et vici::iiiu- dinibus, inprimis anni et mensium et dierum. Mensis Januarius, qui annum aperit, a Jano nomen accepit. Jani templum Romae belli tempore patebat ; cum autem pax facta eiai, claudebatur, quod a regno Numae, qui templum aedifica\ ■ rr, usque ad imperatorem Augustum ter accidit. 14. Hercules leonem Nemeaeum necavit, cujus pellem pro tegumento habuit. Hydram Lernaeum cum capitibus novem ad fontem Lernaeum interfecit. Haec tantam vim veneni^ habuit, ut afflatu homines necaret ; et si qui- earn dormientem transierat, vestigia ejus afflabat, et male cum cruciatu^ moriebatur. Hanc interfecit et exenteravit ; ejus felle sagittas tinxit. Itaque quidquid postea sagiiii^ tixerat, nioii ni non efTugiebat ; unde^ postea ipse periit. , -1 Aprum in Arcadia Erymanthium occidit. Cfrvvm v-'r.rom i: I crynia cum cornibus aureis vivum in conspectum Eurysthei regis adduxit^. Aves Stymphalides in insula Mutis sagitus interfecit. Augiae regis bubile uno die purgavit ; flumine immisso totum stercus abluit. Taurum ex Creta insula Mycenas vivum adduxit. Diomedem regem Thra. iae et eqiins quattuor ejus, qui carne humana vescebantur, cuii : » famulo interfecit. Reginae AmazSnum balicimi dcUdxiL Gery5nem, ChrysaSris filium Innn !■■ Draconem immanem, I v phonis lilunr,, peridum servarr ^olitus est, ad moniciu ,\i Eurystheo regi mala attulit. C v/^^ iv^ {\-v\:::i\un. Tvjiliunis filium, ab inlco:. regi in .onspea' ; . aiiiiKMi^ \i ilvnvcit ft i—7u>Ua :-ii vftinii, such a malignant (active) poison. with extreme pain. 3— Through which. 4— /« - ; brought before the eyes (of th- k : g). ' i» I uliU, 190 iESOPlC FABLES. .i^tjSOPIC fables. I -THE OXEN. In t- It 111 prato pascebantur tres boves, maxima concordia LuiijLiiKti iiaque ab omni incursione ferarum bestiarum tuti erant. €sset, si s H,' mm discidium inter illos ortum et amicitia soluta 11 leda ferarum fuerunt. i 2 THE DOVES AND THE HAWK. Coiumhae. quae milvum metuebant, accipitrem oraverunt, u: (!« 1 ideret. is annuit tt in columbarium receptus est. > i inu !;« iiKijorem stragem edidit, quam milvus longo I ■ -jii: iaccix: potuisset. 3 — THE TWO BAGS. Jupiter nobis duas peras imposuit ; alteram, quae nostris vitiis repleta est, post^ tergum nobis dedit ; alteram autem, !'-.:■';■■ ^ -v' a >a. ^ aai^re desiit. aa..aiac laigiurciii ciDum dare cuapii, sperans iESOPIC FABLES. 5 — THE iu-v AND THE LION, 1 (J I \'nlpes, quae leoneiii imiiquam Mdiaaii. laaa vi aaj acLur- isset. ua perterrita rst, at paene inorcaa tar tVaaradnKa iajaaan> cum iterum conspexisset, timuit :;aa' a^. :-ta1 n(a;-aaaaai at antea. Cum b^riiLUii illi occurri:-:2ct, aa;;:aai ^LL^^di^n: eiunque all5qui ansa est. 6 — THE TRAVELER AND THE ASS. Duo viatores asinum in solitudino erranteni coub^ xf rant Accurrerunt laeti et eum ceperunt. "^l'. ■• aiitatn contendabant, uter eum domum^ abduceret. Uterque asinum sibi \ a ■ d t, quod eum prior vidisset. Dum^ do ea re acriter i asinus aufugit et neuter eo potitus est. I — Domum, home. 2 — Conjunction, while. 7 THE PEACOCK AND TliK CRANE. ill I 111 Pavo coram^ gruc peiiiias sua- xflicanb IM f ■ ■i- , inquit, mea fbrmositas r-t taa defiaaati ! '» At urn. r\ { .jaa> est, inquit, levita- aiaa at taa taixntas ! :-c•.^ - cr,- 8. ■THE WOLF AND THE CRANE. In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mcr - dc gruem, ut illud extraheret Id grus 1 na eflfecit. Cum autem mercedem |oaiaara "Ing^rata es, inquit; magna incolume ex lupi faucibus extraxi : r " 1 1 I T" laa.: conduxit cnili facile a^ laiaJb : a, 1 a i, a a a t IM 9 — THE SHEPHERDS AND THE WOLF. P ores ovem ceciderant at (aianaa celebrabant. Id cum lupu^ \-ideret : "Quantus, a^aa.: laamltam t-^svi, >i viio aaaani buniciciii ! At ' ^i\ narnaa. aa't-ai ia.aard.int. ' ' Fnm laais 'X p -♦■ ■ '' r- ' S -. iiaajii. nostraiii ovtaii vumadmia^. non ['.' " 1 y- iESOPIC FABLES. lO — THE FLY AND THE OX. Parva imisca allquando in cornu taurl consederat. "Si nimis gravis tibi ero, inquit, statim avolabo." At ille : " Ubi es ? innnit ; nihil sentio." II. — THE ASS IN A LION's SKIN. Asinus, qui aufugerat, reperit in silva pellem leonis. Pelle indutus terrebat homines et bestias, tamquam leo esset. Venit is. qui perdiderat, quaerens asinum. Asinus cum herum \ ii ,-et hnrrrnrhim in modum rudere coepit, ut ilium cjuociue i et. Sed forte auricula eminebat. Hanc herus compre- I ut et : "Alios fallas, inquit, me non falles ; novi te, mi a^iiie." Ita probe asinum verberavit et domum egit. 12. — THE PEACOCK. Pavo apud Junonem, dominam suam, graviter querebatur, quod \ocis suavitas sibi negata esset. " Luscinia, inquit, oniniiini ntires cantu delectat, ego si vocem misi, ab omnibus derideor." Huic Juno: *'Non omnia, inquit, bona uni sunt tribuenda. Aquilae vires datae sunt, lusciniae cantus, tibi, |; ; i' i ulchritudo. Itaque sorte tua contentus esto." 13. THE PIE AND THE DOVE. Pica et columba ad pavonem venerant. nt eum salutarent. D redeunt, maledica pica haec verba facit^. " Quam mihi > > di^plicci |,t\o! quam insuaves edit sonos ! cur nun tacet ? cur non i^'iAf fbedos pedes?" — "Vitia ejus nnn ohsen-avi, in(iiiit i: H columba, sed fbrmositatem corporis; caudae nitorcm autv lumiror, ut eum satis laudare non possim." I— Whilst. iESOPIC FABLES. 14. THE WOLF AND THE DOG. 193 Lupus cum canem bene saginatum videret : ''^j . : >t, inquit, felicitas tua ! Tu laute vivere videris, ego fmie enScor." Tum canis : "Licet tibi, inquit, mecum in nil tin venire et eadem felicitate frui." Lupus condicionem accepit. Dum una^ eunt, lupus in collo canis pilos attriiui> animad- vertit. "Quid hoc est? inquit. Jugum sustinere videris." — *'Nihil est, inquit canis. Sed interdiu alligor, ut noctu vigilantior sim, et haec sunt vestigia collaris." Tuiii lupus: **Vale, inquit, amice: sperno felicitatem tuam." I — With each other, together. IS -THE WOLF AND THE ROE. T iinus capream in alta rupe ainbukii icni conbpi x< i at. '*Cur, inquit, non relinquis nuda ilia et sterilia loca? Hue descende in viridia prata, quae tibi pingue pabulum offerunt." Tum ilia: "Non tam stulta sum, inquit, ut dulcia anteponam salutaribus." 16. — THE MICE AND THE CAT. Mures aliquando diu consultabant, quomodo a la a\ ere possent. Postremo unus : "Tintinnabiiaini, inquit, feli annec- tamus sonitu admoniti ielem efifugere poterimus." I i pkmi't, . Sed cum rem perficere vellent, nemo repertus est, qui feli tintinnabiilum annecteret. 17- -THE FOX AND THE GRAPES. Vnlpes in vineam vena. Ibi cum uv:vm pulcia inn n spiceret, omnibus viribus salinn- ? am 5 p^'at. Cuii: attingere eam non posset, d • inquit; nolo acerbam sumere." .-it. iiiin "^1' .ci>-. ^«*- 194 18. .ESOPIC FABLES. -THE HORSE AND THE ASS. Agitabat quidam equum et asinum, onustos sarcinis. A-i fills defatigatus equiim oravit, ut sibi aliquam oneris partem denun I. :diu equus ejus preces repudiavit. Paulo post asinus, labore consumptus, in via corruit et aniniam efflavit. Tuni 1 '* iHr omnes sarcinas, quas asinus portaverat, atque etiaiii {Hi asino detractam in equum imposuit. Turn ille : "O Hi" niiserum, incjuit ; parvulum onus suscipere nolui, nunc cogor tantas sarcinas fcrre una cum pelle comitis mei, cujus preces tarn superbe contempsi." 19. THE MENDACIOUS BOY. Puer mendax, qui oves pascebat, libenter alios ludificabatur. Aliquando ingentem clamorem sustulit : ''Auxilium ferte ; lupus adest. " Accurrunt rustici et ridentur. Proximo mense idem fecit. Cum paulo post lupus in gregem irrueret, rursus clamavit : "Auxilium ferte; lupus adest." Sed nemo auxilio^ venit ; putabant enim rustici tertium se decipi. Ita lupus in gregem irrupit et plurimas oves dilaniavit. I— Dative, to assistance. 20. — THE OLD LION AND THE FOX. Leo senex morbum simulabat. Tum ad aegrotum regem ,multae bestiae venerunt, quas ille statim devoravit. Etiam vulpes venit et regem salutans ante specum stabat. Rogavit eam leo, cur non intraret. Vulpes respondit : "Ita melius est ; vestigia me terrent ; video enim multas bestias intravisse, exiisse nuUam." 21 — THE DYING FARMER AND HIS SONS. Agricola morti vicinus cum divitias non haberet, quas filiis relinqueret, excitare animos eorum voluit ad assiduum laborem. Convnravit igitur eos et ita allocutus est: " Mox a vobis, filii !». S* ^SOPIC FABLES. ^95 mei, discedam ; omnes, quas habeo, opes in vinea nostra vobis siint quaerendae " Paulo post mortuus est. Tum filii, auod credebant in vinea patrem thesaurum abscondisse, totam vineae humum efifoderunt. Thesaurum quidem non invenenmt -< d cum humus Ibdiendo subacta esset, vites uberrimos niuius tulerunt. 2? ■THE LION, THE FOX AND THE ASS. Leo et vulpes et asinus ad venandum iverant. Cum prae- dam magnam cepissent, leo asinum eam dividere jussit. Is cum praedam in tres partes aequales distribuisset, a leone correptus et laceratus est. Tum leo vulpi negotium partiendi dedit. Ea leoni maximam patrem attribuit, sibi vix minimam reliquit. Deinde leo subridens ejus prudehtiam laudavit et, unde hoc didicisset, interrogavit. ''Asini calamitas me docuit, inquit vulpes, quid minores potentioribus debeant." 23. — THE FARMER AND HIS QUARRELSOME SONS. Inter filios agricolae cujusdam grave discidium ortum erat. Diu frustra pater operam dederat, ut concordiam reconciliaret. Denique filiis: " Virgulas, inquit, mihi afferte quinquaginta. " Allatas omnes in unum fasciculum colligavit, eumque filiis obtulit, ut frangerent. Illi autem quamquam vim omnem adhibebant, frustra laboraverunt nee quidquam profecerunt. Deinde pater nodum discidit singulasque virgulas illis dedit, quas nullo negotio confregerunt. Tum senex eos sic allocutus est: *'Haec res, filii vobis exemplo sit^. Tuti eritis ab inimicorum injuriis, quamdiu Concordes eritis; simulatque autem discordia inter vos orta erit, inimici in vos irrumpent-." \— Exemplo (clat.) sit, let it be an example. -2— Will attack you. 24. THE WOOD-CHOPPER. Caedebat quidam ligna juxta^ fluvium. Inter ^ opus excidit ei securis et in flumen demersa est. Tum in ripa sedens 196 iESOPlC FABLES. miser< 1 unt ntari coeplt. Mercurius cum praeteriens querelas ejus nudivisset, misericordia captus aquam subiit et rettulit scrurnii, non earn <[uideni, quam lignator amiserat, sed auream (! niterrogavit i ii "' luiec esset ea, quani pcrdidisset. "Non cr^i, inquit homo probus. Iterum Mercunus subiit et extulit argciilcam. Cum lignator iterum negaret eam suam esse, postremo veram securim attulit. ''Haec est mea, inquit lig- nator; gratias tibi ago maximas." Hac probitate delectatus deus onmes secures illi donavit. Lignator laetus domum rediit et vicinis rem narravit. Ex iis quidam, ut simili fortuna uteretur, sua sponte eodem loco securim ferream in flumen dejecit ibique sedens plorare et lamentari coepit. Turn ad euiii Mercurius accessit et cum causam lacrimarum cognovisset, auream securim protulit, interrogans, num ea esset, quam amisisset. Ille laetus: "Sane, inquit, mea haec est." At Mercurius: "Impudens et mendax homo es," inquit et auream securim bccum abstulit. Lignator cum ne* ferream quidern securim reciperet, tristis ad suos rediit neque narravit, quomodo securim amisisset. I — Near. 2— During. 3— Whether («?^;« expects the answer : no.) 4 — ne quidem, also not, not even. SHORT TALES. 197 W^"^- SHORT TALES. 1. Cum servus, quem Diogenes unum habebat, aufugisset, omnesque suaderent, ut eum persequeretur : "Non faciam, inquit; ille sine^ me vivere potest; ego si non possem vivere sine illo, ridiculus essem." I— Without. 2. Herus servum verberibus castigabat, quod pigerrimus erat. Is clamare coepit: "Cur me perctitis ? nihil feci." "Propter hoc ipsum^, inquit herus, te percutio, quod nihil fecisti. ' ' I— Just, even. 3. Zeuxis et Parrhasius, pictores clarissimi, certamen artis inter se instituerunt. Zeuxis uvas pinxerat atque naturam ita erat imitatus, ut aves advolarent, quasi verae uvae essent. Parrhasius linteum pictum proposuit. Zeuxis deceptiis oravit Parrhasium, ut linteum removeret tabulamque pictam osten- deret. Sed mox errorem intellexit et : " Vicisti, inquit, Parrhasi ! Nam ego aves fefelli, tu artificem." 4. Noctu ambulabat in publico Themistocles, quod somnum capere non posset, quaerentibusque respondebat MiltiSdis tro- paeis se e somno suscitari. 5. Puer, qui apud Platonem educatus erat, cum ad parentes reductus vociferantem audiret patrem : "Nunquam, inquit, hoc apud Platonem vidi." S^N' 1 198 SHORT TALES. 6. iiophonius et Agamedes cum ApollinI Delphls templum exaedificavissent, petiverunt mercedem. quod^ csset optimum homini. lis Apollo se id daturum- ostendit post diem tertium. Is ut^ illuxit, mortui sunt reperti. X— Petiverunt mercedem, quod, asked that as reward, which. 2.— esse \^ here omitted. 3— n ut, when this. 7. Piso orator Romanus, ne interpellaretur, servis prae- ceperat, ne (juid dicerent, nisi interrogati essent. Accidit, ut Clodium, qui tum magistratum gerebat, ad convivium invitari juberet. Hora cenae instabat. Aderant omnes convivae, solus Clodius exspectabatur. Piso cum de ejus adventu jam des- peraret, servo, qui convivas invitare solebat : " Die mihi, inquit, num^ Clodium invitaveris " "Invitavi," inquit servus. *'Cur igitur non venit?" "Quia venturum se esse negavit." ''Cur hoc non statim dixisti?" "Quia a te non eram inter- rogatus. I— Whether. 8. Marcus Livius Drusus cum aedificaret domum in Palatio, promitteretque ei architectus ita se eam aedificaturum, ut nemo in eam despicere posset: "Tu, inquit, si quid ^ in te artis est, ita compone domum meam, ut, quidquid agam, ab omnibus perspici possit." \-quid artis, some art, some skill. 9. Cum^ Curio ad focum sedenti magnum auri pondus Samnltes apportavissent, repudiati sunt. Non enim aurum I i)c're praeclarum sibi videri dixit, sed iis, qui haberent aurum, imperare. * I — Conjunction, when. 10. Ab Antig5no rege Cynicus quidam petivit talentum. Respondit plus esse, quam quod Cynicus petere deberet. Repulsus petivit denarium. Respondit minus esse, quam quod rex deberet dare. SHORT TALES. ■^1^ '4 199 11. Cum rex Pyrrhus populum Rnr-,aniini bello perseque- retur, medicus ejus venit in castra habricn eique est pollicitus, si praemium sibi proposuisset, se clam in Pyrrhi castii :> u surum et eum veneno necaturum. Hunc Fabricius rediiC'ii iiiii curavit^ ad Pyrrhum, idque ejus factum laudatum a senatu est. I — reducendum curavit, he ordered him to be brought back. 12. In Demosthene tantum studium fuit tantusque labor, ut impedimenta naturae diligentia industriaque superarrt • cum ita balbus esset, ut ejus ipsius artis, cui studebat, primam literam non posset dicere, perfecit meditando, ut nemo planius loqueretur. 13. Zeuxis pinxit puerum uvam tenentem. Cum tanta esset similitudo uvae, ut etiam aves advolarent, quidam ex iis, qui aderant : ' ' Aves, inquit, male existimant de tabula ; non enim advolassent, si puer similis esset. 14. Publius Scipio Africanus Ephesi cum li niiihalc collo- cutus est. Inter alia cum quaereret, quis fuisset maximus imperator, respondit Hannibal: "Alexanc ! Micedonum rex, quod parva manu innumerabiles exercitus fudit, quodque ultimas oras peragravit." Quaerenti deinde, quem secun- dum^ poneret : ''Pyrrhum, inquit, qui castra metari primus docuit." Exsequenti^, quem tertium duceret : " Memef*^ ipsum," inquit. Tum risit Scipio et subjecit : "Quuinaiii tu diceres, si me vicisses?" "Tum vero'* dicerem, i r, me et ante Alexandrum et ante Pyrrhum et ante omnes alios imperatores esse." \— secundum, as the second. 2-exsequenti, when questioning further. 3— Gram. I 76. Annot. a,— tum vero, then indeed, yes then, of course then. 5 — Sum ante aliquem, I excel one, am ahead. 15. Alexander cum in India vagaretur, in < !)^id!nlu cujus- dam urbis sagitta ictus est, sed incepta agere pciM \ (.ia\ it. ^BS 200 SHORT TALES. Deinde cum viilneris dolor cresceret, coactus abslstere : " Oiiiiies, iiuiuii, jurant esse me Jovis filium, sed vulnus hoc hominem esse me clamat." i6. Epaminondas cum vicisset Lacedaemonios apud Manti- neam atque ipse gravi vulnere exanimari se videret, quaesivit, salvusne^ esset clipeus. Cum salvum esse flentes sui respon- disscnt, rogavit, essentne fusi hostes. Cum id ([uoque, ut cupiebat, audivisset, evelli jussit earn, qua erat transfixus, hastam. Ita in laetitia et in victoria est mortuus. i—fie, whether. 17. Archytas Tarentinus cum ad villam venisset et omnia aliter offendisset, ac^ jusserat : " O te infelicem, incjuit villico, quem necassem jam verberibus, nisi iratus essem." i—alitcr—ac, otherwise— as. 18. Lacedaemonius cjuidam cum rideretur, quod claudus in pugnam iret : " Mihi, inquit, pugnare, non fugere proposi- tum est. ' ' 19. DiOgenes salse derisit stultitiam Megarensium, qui lib- eros suos bonis artibus^ non imbuebant, pecorum autem curam magnam habebant. Dixit enim malle se arietem esse civis Aiegarensis quam filium. i—bonae artes, the noble arts. 20. Pyrrhus rex in itinere in canem incidit, qui interfecti hominis corpus custodiebat. Cum audivisset eum jam tres dies sine cibo assidere, hominem jussit humari, canem autem diligentcr curari. Faucis diebus post milites recensuit. Singuli transibant. Aderat canis, quietus et tacitus. Simulatque autem vidit domini sui percussores transeuntes, fi.irens procurrit eosque allatravit, saepius se ad Pyrrhum convertens, ita quidem ut illi non niodo regi, sed omnibus, (|ui aderant, in suspicio- nem venirent. Itaque comprehensi et examinati sunt. Cum etiam alia indicia accederent, poenas justas dedcnmt. SHORT TALES. 201 21. Diogenes secum ferre solebat poculum ligneum, ut aquam sibi e fonte hauriret. Cum autem quondam pnei in manibus aquam haurientem videret, pocuium abjecit. ' Pocuio carere possum, inquit; manus mihi idem officium praestabunt." 22. Lucio Paullo contigit^, ut bellum cum rege Perse gereret. Is ut^ ea ispa*"* die doniuni atV* \esperum rediit, filiolam suam Tertiam osculans animadvertit tristiculam. "Quid est^, inquit, mea Tertia? quid^ tristis es?" ' .M. pater, inquit, Persa periit." Tum ille arctius puellam com- plexus : ''Accipio, inquit mea filia, omen." Erat autem mortuus catellus eo nomine. 1— It fell to p. . . .lot, it was his duty. 2— When. 3— Very. 4— Towards. S—gutd est, what is it ? 6— quid, what, or why ? 23. Hamilcar Carthaginiensis cum oppugnaret Syracusas, visus est^ audire vocem se postridie cenaturum Syracusis. Cuin autem is dies illuxisset, magna seditio in castris ejus inter Poenos et Siculos milites est facta. Id cum sensissei -vra- cusani, improvise in castra irruperunt, Hamilcarque ab iis vivus est sublatus. Ita res^ somnium comprobavit. I— visus est, he believed. 2— res, event, reality. 24. Lucius Sicinius Dentatus tribunus plebis strenuus Ik I lator fuit et ob^ ingentem fortitudinem appellatus est Achilles Romanus. Is pugnavit in^ hostem centum et vigin: : : s, cicatricem aversam^ nullam, adversas quinque et quadraginta tuHt^, coronis est donatus aureis octo, obsidionali una, mni il- ibus tribus, civicis quattuordecim, torquibus tribus et octoginta, armillis plus quam centum sexaginta, hastis levigind, phal^ris item donatus est quinquies et vicies. Triunipli;i\ it cum imperatoribus suis triumphos novem. 1— On account. 2 — against, with). 3— atrr^z/.r, from behind, on his back ; adversus, in front, on his breast, in his face. ^— ferre, carry off, receive. 202 SHORT TALES. 2^. Post victoririm ActiScam Caesari Octaviano occurrit aliqiiis corviim tenens, quern haec verba docuerat: Ave, Caesar, victor, imperator ! Miratus Caesar avem viginti mili- bus sestertiuni emit. Turn sutor quidam pauper psittacum instituit, ut Caesarem eisdem verbis salutaret. Diu operam niagnam frustra inipendebat ; cum avis non respondebat, solebat dicere : Oleum et operam perdidi. Cum denicjue p'-^ittacus salutationem dicere coepisset, Caesari eum obtulit. Is cum salutationem audiret : ''Satis, inquit, talium salutato- rum domi habeo." Tum psittacus apposite addidit : Oleum et operam perdidi^. Risit Augustus emitque avem tanti^, quanti nullam emcrat. I— I. e. labor and pains. 2— Genitive of value and price, so dear. ROMAN HISTORY. 1 '^ -^j ROMAN HISTORY. THE FOUNDING OF ROME. 1 1. Romanum imperium exordium liabet a Koniulo, Kcac Silviae, Vestalis virginis, et Martis hlio. is cum Remo fratre gemino urbem Romam condidit anno septingentesimo quinqua- gesimo tertio ante Christum natum. ROMULUS THE FIRST KING OF THE ROMANS IJ/ VEARS). 2. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, asylum conv vnh patefecit et, cum videret conjuges deesse, per legatos a i ri^ timis civitatibus eas petiit. Quibus^ negatis ludos Consul simulavit ; ad quos cum utriusque sexus multitudo- \ • i r! dato suis signo virgines raptae sunt. Sabini ob rapta !^ V adversus Romanos susceperunt. Et cum Romae a^^ 1 r^ quarent et Tarpejam virginem nacti essent, quae ad aqiKim sacrorum causa hauriendam descenderat, ei T Tatius optic in muneris dedit, si exercitum suum in Capitolium perdi: - < t. Ilia petiit, quod in sinistris manibus gerebani, aiiiiulo- et armillas ; quibus dolose repromissis Sabinos in arcem porHnxit, ubi Tatius scutis earn obrui jussit; nam et^ ea m la<, vis habuerant. i—quihiis instead of its, in Latin the relative often stands at the head of the sentence ; this one, and this one, but this one, for this one, this one also. 2— A multitude of people. 3— i:\l 204 ROMAN HISTORY. forte seu divinitus restitit. Tunc raptae in medium processe- runt ; et hinc^ patres. inde maritos deprecatae pacem conciliaruni Romulus foedus percussit et Sabinos in urbem recepit ; populum a Curibus, oppido Sabinorum, Quirites vocavil. 1 ip'^ equitum centurias instituit, quas a suo nomine l< i-iises, 1 Tito Tatio Tatienses, a Lucumone LucSres a, . i\it. Populum in triginta curias distribuit easque raptarum nominibus appellavit. i—hmc-inde, on the one side, on the other side, here-there. 4. Cum ad Caprae paludem exercitum lustraret, nusquam comparuit ; unde inter patres et plebem seditione orta Julius Prociilus, vir nobilis, in contionem processit et jurejurando liiinavit Romulum a se in colle Quirinali visum esse au^ustiore forma, cum ad deos abiret ; eundemque praecipere, ut sedi- tionibus abstinerent et virtutem colerent ; futurum esse\ ut omniinii gentium domini exsisterent. Hujus auctoritati creditum est. Aedes in colle Quirinali Romulo constituta, ipse pro deo cultus et Quirinus est appellatus. I— futurum css^, it will happen, Gr. i; 128. NUMA POMPILIUS, THE SFXOND KING OF THE ROMANS (39 YEARS). 5. Post consecrationem Romuli, cum diu interregnum esset et seditiohes orirentur, Numa Pompilius, Pomponis filius, Curibus oppido Sabinorum accltus est. Cum Romam v enisset, ut populum ferum religione molliret, sacra plurima instituit. Acdciii \ estae fecit, virgines Vestales legit; flamines tres, F)" item, Martialem, Ouirinalem ; Salios, Martis sacerdotes, duodecim instituit; pontificem maximum .reavit; portas^ Jano i^eniino aedificavit. Annum in duodecim menses distribuit, i ' ns lanuario et Februario. Leges quoquc plures et utiles tulit. omnia, quae gerebat, jussu Egeriae Nymphae, conjugis .^uae, .^c fiicere simulans. Ob hanc tantam justitiam bellum ei nemo intulit. Morbo solutus in Janiciilo sepultus est. 1— The temple of lanus on the R6man market is meant, both doors of which were open during war. V roman history. tullus hostilius the third king of the romans (32 years). 205 V ' i, > U r^ 6. Tullus Hostilius, cujus avus bonam operani a Sabinos navaverat, rex creatus, bellum Albanis indr it niiod trigeminorum certamine finivit. Albam propter ! r :i ducis Metii Fufetii diruit, Albanos Rom. an i ansire jn -it. Curiam Hostiliam constituit. Montem Caelium urbi ad :: ■ t. Dum Numam Pompilium sacrificiis imitatur, Jovi Elicio iitaie non potuit et fulmine ictus cum regia contiagravit. 7. Cum inter Romanos et Albanos id bellum esset exortum, de quo supra dictum est, ducibus Hostilio et Fufetio placuit rem paucorum certamine finire. Erant apud Romanos trige- mini Horatii, tres apud Albanos Curiatii ; quibur, loedere icto concurrentibus, statim duo Romanorum ceciderunt, tres Albani vulnerati sunt. Unus Horatius, quia tribus impar erat. : : in simulavit et singulos per intervalla insequentes iiucrfecit It cum spoliis onustus rediret, sororem obvinrn habuit; jiku \ i>o paludamento sponsi sui, qui unus ex Cunatiis erat, fiere coei)it. Prater eam occidit. angus marcius the fourth king of the romans (23 years). rpli(:r'one a\'o v\ iaiiicuhins s- .i> 8. Post Tullum Hostilium regnum suscepit Ancus Marcius, Numae Pompilii ex filia nepos, aeqiuiaic d similis. Latinos bello domuit. Avent'ni^m i montes urbi addidit ; nova moenia oppido cir nn ad u^iim naviiins imblicavit. ^a.aiaaiin \';^aj Carcerem primus aedificavit Ostlam rra mai commeatibus opportunam in ostio T ' i uxit. quo legati ad ic:. repetendas uterentur, ab Aequiculi^ iri -luhi lUUlt iiiarit ill) IS 1 Ur- li:tiak:. I 206 ROMAN HISTORY. tarquinius priscus the fifth king of the romans (38 years). 9. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus fuit Demarati Corinthii filius, ejus, qui, Cypseli tyrannidem fugiens, in Etruriam com- migravit. Ipse ab urbe Tarquinius profectus Roniam pctiit. Advenienti aquila pileum sustulit et, cum alte subvolasset, reposuit. Tanaquil conjux, auguriorum perita, regnum ei portendi intellexit. Tarquinius pecunia et industria dignita- tem atcjue etiam Anci regis familiaritatem consecutus est ; a quo tutor liberis relictus regnum intercepit et ita administravit, quasi jure adeptus esset. Centum patres in curiam legit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Equitum centurias nuniero duplicavit: nomina mutare non potuit, Attii Navii auguris auctoritate deterritus. Latinos bello domuit. Circum maxi- mum aediticavit. De Sabinis et priscis Latinis triumphavit. MiHuni lapideum urbi circumdedit. Filium tredecim annorum, quod m proelio hostem percussisset, praetexta bullaque donavit; unde haec ingenuorum i)uerorum insignia esse coeperunt. Post ab Anci liberis per dolum regno exutus et interfectus est. SERVfUS TULLIUS, THE SIXTH KING OF THE ROMANS (44 years). ID. Servius Tullius, Tullii Corniculani et Ocresiae captivae filius, cum in domo Tarquinii Prisci educaretur, Hammae species caput ejus amplexa est. Hoc visu Tanaquil summam dignitatem portendi intellexit. Marito suasit, ut ita eum ut liberos suos educaret. Qui cum adolevisset, gener a Tar- quinio assumptus est ; et cum rex occisus esset, Tanaquil ex altiore loco ad populum despiciens ait Priscum gravi quidem, sed non letali vulnere accepto petere, ut interim, dum convalesceret, Servio Tullio dicto audientes essent. II. Servius Tullius Etruscos saepe domuit, collem Quiri- nalem et Viminalem et Esquilias urbi addidit, aggerem ROMAN HISTORY. 20; fossasque fecit. Populum in quattuor tribus distribuit ac pu^i plebi distribuit annonam. Mensuras, pondera, classes centur- iasque • constituit. Latinorum populis persuasit, ut exemplo eorum, qui Dianae Ephesiae aedem fecissent, et^ ipsi aedem Dianae in Avendno aedificarent. Quo effecto cuidam L iiiio bos mirae magnitudinis nata est, et responsum somnio datinri, eum populum summam imperii habiturum, cujus civis^ bovem illam Dianae immolasset. Latinus bovem in Aveniiinuii egit et causam sacerdod Romano exposuit. Ille callidus dixit prius eum vivo flumine manus abluere debere. Latinus dum ad Tiberim descendit, sacerdos bovem immolavit. Ita imperium civibus, sibi gloriam quaesivit. I— Also, too. 2— Of that citizen. 12. Servius Tullius duas filias habebat, quarum aitera ferox erat, mitis altera. Cum Tarquinii filios pari animo esse videiet, ut omnium mentes morum diversitate leniret, ferocem 1 u. mitem feroci in matrimonium dedit. Sed mites pericru. i , feroces morum similitudo conjunxit. Statim Tarquinius Superbus a Tullia incitatus, advocato senatu, regnum paternum re]; hnc ei faMtiini i-r; publice datum est, quantum uno die circua^aiai . |K,u.;^:.ct. Statua quoque ei in Vulcanali posita est. G. MUCIUS SCAEVOLA. • 17. Cum Porsenna urbem obsideret, Mucins Cordus, vh Romanae constantiae, senatum adiit lL \xiiiaiii iransfiifyien li petiit, necem regis reproiiiiUtjiis. Arrcptn pntrstair^ ia <:t-tra Porscnnae venit ibique purpuratum pro rege occidit. ( oiii- prehensus et ad regem pertractus dextram fbculo >tk -m^; ^airaaa/iuni a exigens^ quod in caede peccasset. 'nit ani nii^. ra < regis abstraheretur, quasi beneficium rcterens ait iKtai -^ adversus eum similes conjurasse. <^aua ic ulc Lciuiua 1 i cm cum Romanis fecit. Tum Tarquinius Tusculuiii t'i-r:--it. I'uai 1 Agrippam ad plebem aa-^ aa. qui ei Jaiaila membris corporis humani nairaxu. Uiiin, artus, cum ventrem otiosiim rrrnorent, ah et suum illi ministerium negaverunt. « ai seditionem IIK ft - u, * \a aau I'c. aj 1 1 . n.nita 5-ia aai at ni tM ciisaoiaJaruiit ^ti rshi 2IO ROMAN HISTORY. a' l\'t'r~-ii it'' tain paui deficerent. intellexerunt \cntrem acceptos cibos per omnia mrmbrn di^serei t . ct cum eo in gratiam redierunt. Sic senatus i-t i^npulus qua-a unuvn corpus rlisrordui pereiint, concordia laJant Mac fabula hominum mentes tiexit, ut in iirbem ixdiiciit. Tuiii fH-imum flicti sunt tribuni plebis, qui plebem s superbiam defenderent. Menenius autem lecessit, ut eum populus collatis quadrantibus^ bcia 1 It i, l.^ a ^epulchro senatus publice daret. i-collatis quadrantibus, (lit. by collected fourths of an as), by public contributions. MARCIUS CORIOLANUS. 19. Anno ducentesimo sexagesimo ab urbe condita CoriSli, Volscorum oppidum. captum est a Q. Marcio, cui ob hoc coiniutneii Lunoiaiiu luit. Postero anno, cum fames in urbe orii esset, Coriolanus plebi odio esse^ coepit et urbe expulsus it. Iratus in 2 Volscos exsulatum'^ abiit, a quibus benigne excHf Ills ci>i. Dux electus exercitum contra Romanos duxit eosque saepe vicit. Usque ad quintum milliarium urbis accessit, ut oppugnaret etiam urbem. Cum legates, qui pacem petebant, repudiasset, postremo Veturia mater et Volumnia uxor m castrn xenerunt, quarum precibus lacrimisque superatus removit ex< I ritum. I— Gr. § 191 and 192, i. 2 -Against, Gr. g 158. 3 -Supine, Gr. g 244- THE DECEMVIRS, 45 1 AND 45O. 20. Anno trecentesimo tertio ab urbe condita pro duobus consulibus decemviri creati sunt, (jui^ sunuuam potestatem haberent et populo leges scribercnt. Primo anno bene ege- nmt seriindo '^\\Xv^w multa superbe facere coeperunt. Sed cinn iiims ex us, Appius Claudius, Virginiam, virginem inuviiuui! i'l -< r\itutem asserere conaretur, Virginius pater earn uccidit . luiii ad niilites fugit et tumultum movit. Sublata (l.rriiiv'r': ])ntestas, Appius Claudius in carcerem conjectus est, t t in exsilium sunt acti. 1— Th?t they, in order that. i t I I . I' \ \ ROMAN HISTORY. 211 21. Anno trecentesimo duodequinquagesimo ab urbe condita bellum cum Wicntibus exortimi est. Dictator ('tniii'.i «t*s missus est M. Furms Camillus, qui primum os acie \ ii it, deinde, etiam Vejos decem annos obsessos cepit. >( u ((in mota est ei^ invidia, quasi praedam male divisib::^;!, daiiiiiatUbque ob eam causam in exsilium abiit. I — Against him. THE WAR WITH THE GAULS (39O). 22. Dum Romani cum Vejentibus bellum geruni. Galli SenSnes in Italiam invascrunt ct per eam vagabantur. Cum Clusium, Etruriae urbem, ob-d i' i t. missi sunt Roma ties Fabii, qui Gallos monerent, ut ai. oppugnatione desisterent. Ex his unus contra jus gentium iii aciem processit et ducem Senonum interfecit. Qua re commoti Galli pnstida\ ennu. at sibi legati dederentur. Quod cum nrgatuni t>^it K< mani petierunt et exercitum Romanum apud Alliam t n\ iin ( < aa derunt. Victores Galli urbem intravcrunt, ubi nubaibMinu^ senum in vestibulis aedium^ cum honorum insignibu- ^rdcntes primum ut deos venerati sunt, deinde cum homines (> a~ < apparuisset, interfecerunt. Quo facto urbem incend* naa Juventus cum M. Manlio in Capitolium se contulerai at id defenderent. Aliquando cum Galli per a.\a rsam partt n tolii jam in summum^ evasissent. ' i is, clangoit i; somno excitatus, eos dejecit. Rumani aum >t x iv jam fime laborarent mille pondo auri dederunt, quo accepto Galli Roma recesserunt. I— In the vestibules of their houses. 2 — Top. FURTHER WARb Wiitl THE GAULS (367-350). 23. Galli saepiub bellum renovarunt. Anno trecentesimo nonagesimn sexto ab urbe rond:t.:t Waw- urbe quarto milliario consederani I ; I contra Galium, qui aliquem ex a lai ii> i a[)i~ n- :\\ "\\ au : f ■■ w. . ■ (■ . 1 ■] S 4k»>''j 212 ROMAN HISTORY. in singulare certamen descendit eique occiso torquem aureum detraxit, quern ipse postea gestabat, unde Toniuatus est nomi- natus. GaUi fugati sunt, mox per G. Sulpicium dictatorem etiam victi. 24. Cuinpluribus annis post helium cum Gallis novum exortiim est. Cum legiones Romanae adversus Gallos duce^ L. Kurio Camillo profectae essent, quidam ex Gallis unum ex Romanis, qui esset optimus, provocavit. Tum se M. Valerius tribunus militum obtulit^, et cum processisset armatus, corvus ei repente in galea consedit. Mox inito adversus Galium certamine idem corvus rostro et unguibus Galli os oculosque verberavit, donee eum tribunus obtruncavit. Deinde Valerio cognomen Corvus datum, ac propter hoc meritum proximo anno, cum annorum'^ trium et viginti esset, consul est factus. I— Camillo ducc, Camillus being leader. 2—sr obtulit, presented himself for the fight, i—annorum^ at the age of 23 years. THK WARS WITH THE SAMNITES (343-29O). .: ; iv -mani cum Samnitibus tria bella atrocissima gesserunt. iSuLa iiiprimis est clades, quam Spurius Postumius et Titus Veturius consules apud furculas Caudinas acceperunt. Exer- citus enim in locum artum deductus est, ut spes nulla esset evadendi. Pontius, Samnitium dux, Romanos, sub jugum misit. — III in- i^apirius Cursor, cum dictatorem se adversis ominibus adversus Samnites progressum esse sensisset, ad aus- picia 1 p ! t Romam regressus est; antea edixit Q. Fabio 1< illiano, queiii exercitui praeficiehat, ne manum cum hoste consereret. Sed ille occasione bene gerendae rei invitatus, prospere adversus Samnites pugnavit. Reversus securi eum ferire \u1u;l ; ille in urbem confugit, nee suppliccm tribuni tiiel aniur. Deinde pater lacrimis, populus precihus veniam impetrarunt. ROMAN HISTORY. 213 THE STATUE OP AESCULAP IS BROUGHT TO ROME 1^293). 26. Cum pestilentia civitas laboraret, missi sunt legati, ut Aesculapii signum Romam ah Epidauro transferrent. Qui cum eo venissent et simulacrum ingens mirarentur, anguis e sedibus ejus elapsus per mediam urbem cum admiratione omnium ad navem Romanam perrexit et se in principis legatorum tabernaculo conspiravit. Legati deum vehentes Antium provecti sunt, ubi per malaciam maris anguis proximum Aesculapii fanum petiit^ et post paucos dies ad navem rediit ; et cum adverso Tiberi subveheretur, in proximam insulam desiluit ; ubi templum ei constitutum, et pestilentia mira celeritate sedata est 2. I— Hasten toward the temple. 2— Subsided. THE WAR WITH THE TARENTINI AND WITH KING PYRRHUS (281-272). 27. Anno quadringentesimo septuagesimo tertio ah urbe condita Tarentlnis, qui in ultima Italia sunt, helium indictum est quia legatis Romanorum injuriam fecissent li Pyrrhum, Epiri regem, contra Romanos auxilium poposceruni. 1> mox in Italian! venit, tumque primum Romani cum transmarino hoste dimicaverunt Mi s est contra eum consul P \'alerius Laevinus, qui, cum exploratores Pyrrhi cepisset, jussit eoh | - r castra duci, ostendi omnem exercitum, luinque dimitHP ut renuntiarent Pyrrho, quaecunque a Romanis agerentui . ' a • post Pyrrhus in pugna elephantorum auxilio Romano- ' i Heracleam (280) vicit, mille octingentos cepit eosque su; n - honore tractavit; eos, qui occisi erant, sepelivit. Oiios cum adversis vulneribus^ et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacere vi H-m t tulisse ad caelum manus dicitur^ cum hac \'oce. se t :: domlnum esse potuisse, si tales sibi nihiicb contigis^ciu. Amicis gratulantihus : "Quid mihi cum tili \ictoria, 'n't ubi exercitus robur amittam?" 1 — Dimitti, namely: exploratores. 2 — adversis vulneribus, with wounds on their breasts ; adversus strictly means turned to. 3— It is said, that. m^ 214 ROMAN HISTORY. ROMAN HISTORY. ^ 1 H 28. Turn Pyrrhus ad Romanes Cineam legatum misit, qui^ pacem acquis conditionibus offerret. Pax displicuit, respon- sumque Pyrrho a senatu est eum cum Romanis, nisi ex Italia recessisset, pacem habere non posse. Ita Cineas revertit. A quo cum quaereret Pyrrhus, qualem Romam repperisset, dixit regum se patriam vidisse ; tales enim illic esse fere omnes, qualis unus Pyrrhus apud Epirotas reliquosque Graecos put^irrtur. I — qui — ut is. 29. Pn *^pa Pyrrhus Romam perrexit, omnia ferro ignique vastavit, Campaniam depopulatus est atque ad Praeneste venit, sed metu^ exercitus, qui cum consule sequebatur, in Cam- paniam se recepit. Legati ad Pyrrhum de redimendis captivis missi ab eo honorifice excepti sunt. Captivos sine pretio Romam misit. Unum ex legatis Romanorum, G. Fabricium, sic admiratus est, ut ei quartam partem regni promitteret, si ad se Lransisset, sed a Fabricio contemptus est. % \— met II r. rr re itu s, om.cco\xx\\. of the fear. 30. Duobus annis post contra Pyrrhum G. Fabricius mis- sus est. Ad eum, cum vicina^ castra ipse et rex haberent, medicus Pyrrhi nocte venit, promittens se veneno Pyrrhum occisurum, si sibi alicjuid polliceretur ; quem Fabricius vinctum reduci jussit ad dominum Pyrrhoque dici, quae contra caput ejus medicus spopondisset. Tunc rex dixisse fertur^ : " lUe est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestate quam sol a cursu suo averti potest." 1 — Near together. 2— Is reported. 31. Anno quadringentesimo undeoctogesimo ab urbe con- clita Mmius Curius apud Beneventum contra Pyrrhum pugnavit, exercitum ejus cecidit, ipsum Tarentum fugavit, castra cepit. Eo die caesa sunt hostium viginti tria millia. Curius primus Romam elephantos quattuor duxit. Pyrrhus etiam a Tarento acceperat, meruit, ut^ propter virtutem t tan] ip-i \: 2> minor vocaretur. Eodem anno Mnmniins ronsiil Coriiihuni cepit ac diruit. I — jtta, as their possession. 2— /oj/^«aw, Gr. § 163 N. i. 3— m/, that he namely. THE WAR AGAINST VIRIATHUS IN SPAIN (154-I40). 47. Viriathus quidam populo Romano grave bellum in Lusitania movit. Is primum pastor fun, dcinde laironunt dux, postremo tantos ad bellum populos concitavit, ut viri;* x libertatis Hispaniae putaretur. Post bellum quattuordecim annorum a suis interfectus est. Cum intcriVi lores cju.^ irie mium a Caepione consule peterent, responsum est nunquani Romanis placuisse imperatorem a suis militibus interfici. 48. Cum Numantlnis Romani annos undecim bellum ges- serunt. u. Hostilius Mancinus cum iis pacem fecit intamem, sed eam senatus populusque Romanus jussit infrinei atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tradi, ut in illo injuriam soluti foederis^ vindicarent. Postea P. Scipio Africanus iterum consul factus et ad Numantiam missus est. Is priniurn niiliiem \ itio-mii et ignavum exercendo magis quam puniendo correxit mm multas Hispaniae civitates partim bello cepit yuiu\vn ■.:: ciodi tionem accepit, postremo ipsam Numantiam diu -:; . ;n( confecit et funditus evertit, reliquam provinciani in fidem accepit. I — soluti foederis, a violation of alliance. THE WAR WITH JUGURTHA OF NUMIDIA.. 49. Anno centesimo duodecimo ante Christum natum Jugur- thae, Nuniidarum regi, bellum illatum est quof] Aiht rbfllem et Hiempsalem, Mi i; sae filios, fratres mio> ri-t- t i .puli Ruiikuii Mmicos, interemisset Anno b^ ;.: x---''* 1:2.:-^^:- \} Caecilius M tellus consul exercitum ad discipl t 2 R ;r.in du 222 ROMAN HISTORY. retraxit. Jugurtham variis proeliis vicit, elephantos ejus aut oiridit aut cepit, multas civitates ipsius in deditionem accepit. Et cum jam bello finem impositurus esset, successum est ei a i,. Mario. Is Jugurtham et Bocchum, Mauretaniae regem, qui Jugurthae genero suo auxilium ferre coeperat, apud Cirtam vicit bellique finem fecit capto Jugurtha per quaestorem suum L. uuiiiclium Sullam. Marius de Jugurtha trinmphum egit ; ante currum Jugurtha cum duobus fihis ductus est in vinculis et mox jussu consuHs in carcere strangulatus. TUE WAR WITH THE CIMBRIANS AND TF.UTONII (113-IO1). 50. Dum bellum in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur, Romani consules Gn. ManHus et O. Caepio a Cimbris et Icutonis et Tii^'-urinis et Ambronibus, quae erant Germanorum et Gallonini gentes, victi sunt juxta flumen Rhodiinum ; etiam castra sua t magnam partem exercitus perdiderunt. Timor Roniae grandis fi^iit, ne iterum Galli Romam venirent. Ergo Mariiis post victoriam Jugurthinam iterum consul est factus, eique belkim contra Cimbros et Teutonos mandatum est. {< rtium quoque et quartum ei delatus est consulatus, quia bellum iraiiebatur. Marius Teutonos apud Aquas Sextias proelio vicit eorumque regem Teutobodum cepit, propter quod meritum absens quintuni consul factus est. Postero anno cum IJ LiiiaLiu Catulo collega Cimbros, qui in Italiam transierant, in campis Raudiis vicit et delevit. THE WAR OF THE GLADIATORS (73-7 1). 51. Anno sexcentesimo sexagesimo sexto ab urbe condita primuni fv mi; a' bellum civile inter Marium et Sullam (88-82) exortum c^i , cudem anno etiam bellum Mithridatir5, pr ■'«/-^lt. V 224 ROMAN HISTORY. Alpes, tliHiKn Rhodanum, Rhenum, Oceanum est et circuitu^ patet ad bis et tricies centena niillia passuum. Britannis quoque bellum intulit, quibus ante eum ne nomen quidem Romanorum cog^nitum erat. I— patet circultu at/,— has a circumference of. 55. Caesar rediens ex Gallia victor coepit poscere alterum consulatnm Contradictum est a Marcello consule, a Bibulo, a T^ '" ' ' ' ! ^"atone, jussusque dimissis exercitibus ad urbem 1 - Propter quani injuriam ab Arimino, ubi milites con- gregates habebat, adversus patriani cum exercitu venit. Consules cum Pompejo senatusque omnis atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fugit et in Graeciam transiit. Apud Epirum, Macedo- niam, Achajam Pompejo duce senatus contra Caesarem bellum paravit. 56. Caesar vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem sc fecit. Inde Hispanias pctiit. Ibi Pompeji exercitus validissimos et fortissimos cum tribus ducibus superavit. Inde regressus in Graeciam transiit et adversus Pompejum dimicavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus, evasit tamen, quia nocte^ inter- veniente Pompejus sequi noluit, dixitque Caesar Pompejum nescire vincere, et illo tantum^ die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Thessalia apud Pharsfilum (48) dimicaverunt. i—nocte interv entente, on account of night coming on. 2—tantum, only. 57. Nunquam antea Romanae copiae majores in imum^ convenerant, neque duces fuerant meliores. Pugnatum est ingenti contentione, victusque ad postremum Pompejus et castra ejus direpta sunt. Ipse fugatus Alexandriam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, rui tutor a senatu datus erat propter juvenilum ejus aetatem, acciperet auxilia. Qui fortunam magis quam amicitiam secutus occidit Pompejum, caput ejus et annulum Caesari misit. yuo conspocto Caesar lacrimas fudisse fertur. It' ROMAN HISTORY. 225 58. Mox Caesar Alexandriam venit. Ipsi quoque p^.o, maeus insidias parare voluit, qua causa regi bellum illatum est. Victus in Nilo periit, inventumque est corpus ejus cum lorica aurea. Caesar Alexandria potitus regnum Cleopat a* iedit, Ptolemaei sorori. Rediens inde Caesar Pharnclcem, Mithrida- tis filium, rebellantem in Ponto atque multas populi Romani provincias occupantem, vicit acie, postea ad mortem coegit. 59. Inde Romam regressus tertium se consulem fecit cum M. Aemilio Lepido, qui ei magister equitum dictator! ante annum ^ fuerat. Inde in Africam profectus est, ubi inlinita nobilitas cum Juba, Numidiae rege, bellum reparaverat. Com- misso proelio victor fuit Caesar apud Thapsum (46). M Porcius Cato, M. Petrejus, Juba ipsi sibi mortem consciveruni. Postero anno Caesar in Hispanias profectus est, ubi Pompeii filii. (iiiaeus et Sextus, ingens bellum reparaverant. Multa proelia li' runt. ultimum apud Mundam, quo Caesar victor discessit. I — ante annum, the year before. 60. Inde Caesar bellis civilibus toto orbe compositis Romam rediit. Cum agere insolentius inciperet, conjuratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senatoribus equitibusque Romanis. Praecipui fuerunt inter conjuratos duo Bruti, u. Lab^.Ub, btr- vilius Casca. Ergo Caesar, cum senatus die inter ceteros ad curiam venisset, viginti tribus vulneribus confossus est f .i). Caesare interfecto bella civilia rursus t.xai^crunt, quae i ;. pugna apud Actium (31) confecta sunt nb Ortaviano, Catkins nepote, quern ille testamento heredem relinquerit it nomen suum ferre jusserat. I ! <* ita laapublicani ; r 1 a :mi: an a quattuor annos solus ta'asiuit^ : anno vicesimo Mrfnimo .tnt^: Christum nata a i ; ; ;. uat an est Augustus. 1 — KCiglicd. I — in unum, at one pl.uc. 226 AESOPIC FABLESb AESOPIC FABLES. I. — THE WOLF AND THE LAMB. A(i eundem rivum lupus et agnus venerant, siti compulsi; superior^ stabat lupus, multo inferior agnus. Tunc ille, cum agnum rapere vi nollet, jurgii^ causam intulit. "Cur, inquit, bibenti mihi aquam fecisti turbidam^" Cui^ agnus timens : "Qui* possum facere, quod quereris, lupe? A te aqua ad me decurrit." Repulsus ille veritatis vi : "Abhinc sex menses, inquit, mihi maledixisti." Tum agnus: "Illo tempore non eram natus." — "Pater hercule tuus, inquit, mihi maledixit." Atque ita agnum corripit et lact^rat. I— Above ; rmilto inferior, much farther below. 2-jtogii causam intulit, caused, commenced a dispute. 3—cui, cf. No. 2 Note i, page 203, to agnus supply inquit. 4— qui, (adv.) how. 2. — THE PROUD CROW. Graculus InanI superbia elatus pennas, quae pavoni decide- rant, sustulit seqje exornavit ; deinde suos contemnens se for- moso pavonum gregi immiscuit. Ilii impudenti avi pennas eripiunt rostrisque fugant. Male mulcatus graculus maerens redire coepit ad suum genus sed ab hoc turpiter repulsus est. Tum quidam ex illis, quos prius despexerat : "Si, quod iiaiuia dederat, eo contentus fuisses, neque illam neque hanc contumeliam expertus esses." 3. THE GREEDY DOG. Canis cum carnem raptam flumen transportaret, in aqua vidit simulacrum suum, aliamque ]:)raedam majorem ab alio ferri putans eripere voluit ; verum deceptus cibum, quem tenebat ore, dimisit nee, quem petebat, attingere potuit. '• *m4:' AESOPIC FABLES. -THE WOLF AND THE CRANE. Lupus, cum ejus faucibus os devoratum inhaereret, gruem oravit, ut illud extraheret, eique praemium promisit. Grus lon- gitudine colli id facile effecit. Pro eo cum praemium flagitaret ; "Ingrata es, inquit lupus, quae ex ore meo caput incolume extraxeris et mercedem postules." 5. THE WOLF AND THE FOX. Lupus arguebat vulpem furti ; negabat ilia se esse culpae aftinem. Tunc simius inter illos judex sedit. Cum suam uter- que causam perorasset, simius dixisse fertur^ sententiam : "Tu, quod petis, perdidisse non videris ; te credo surripuisse, quod pulchre- negas." \—fertut'-'dicitur. 2—pulchre, with nice, fine words. 6. THE DEER AT THE SPRING. Cervus ad fontem, cum bibisset, restitit^ et in liquore effi- giem suam vidit. Ibi dum laudat ramosa cornua crurumque tenuitatem nimiam vituperat, venantium vocibus subito coiUci ritus per campum fugere coepit levique cursu canes elusit. Tum silva eum excepit ; in qua^ cornibus retentus saevis canum morsibus lacerari coeptus est. Tunc moriens hanc vocem edidisse dicitur: "O me infelicem, qui nunc demiim intelligo, quam mihi utilia fuerint, quae despexeram, et quae'^ laudaram, quantum mali habuerint." i—restitit, stood still, from resisto. 2 — in qua— sed in ea. 2i—Quae laudaram, construct ; quantum mali habuerint {ea) quae laudaram. 7. THE FOX AND THE CROW. fu >"1 ( -1 -, Corv'us, qui caseum rapuerat, in alta arbore bat. Vulpes vidit et casei cupida sic loqui coepit: ' ' f juantus est tuarum, corve, pennarum nitor. Quantum ii r r, cor[ re \ 228 AESOPIC FABLES. et vultu geris^. Si vocem haberes, nulla avis prior^ foret." Ille stultus, dum vocem ostendere vult, caseum ore emisit, quern dolosa vulpes celeriter arripuit. I — You have. 2— prior, distinguished, preferable. 8. — THE WEASEL AND THE MAN. Mustela ab homine comprehensa cum instantem necem effu- gere vellet : "Farce mihi, inquit, quae tibi domum molestis muribus purgo." Tum ille: "Si mea causa faceres, gratum mihi esset, et veniam supplicii dedissem. Nunc autem^ quia id solum laboras, ut reliquiis fruaris, quas mures rosuri sunt, et simul ipsos devores, noli mihi vanum beneficium imputare." Sic locutus improbam occidit. I— nunc autem, but now, so now. 9. THE FAITHFUL DOG. Cum fur nocturnus cani panem objecisset, tentans, si^ cibo capi posset: " Heus, inquit canis, linguam meam vis praeclu- dere, ne latrem pro re familiari domini? Multum falleris. Nam ista subita benignitas me jubet vigilare, ne mea culpa lucrum facias." i—siy whether. 10. THE FROG AND THE OX. Rana in prato quondam conspexit bovem et magnitudini ejus invidens rugosam cutem inflavit. Tum natos suos inter- rogavit, num bove^ esset major. Illi negarunt. Rursum cutem intend it idque^ magis, et simili modo quaesivit, uter major esset. Illi dixcrunt, bovem. Postremo indignata dum validius sese inflare vult, rupta est. \—bovc, 1 * M . , of comparison, instead of quam bos. 2—idque, and this, and indeed. } AESOPIC FABLES. II. THE FOX AND THE EAGLE. 'y? 229 Aquila vulpinos catulos quondam sustulit in nidoque pullis posuit, ut escam^ discerperent. Eam persecuta mater orare coepit, ne tantum luctum sibi miserae afferret. Ilia eam con- tempsit, tuta ipso loco. Tum vulpes ab ara ardentem facem rapuit totamque arborem flammis circumdedit, ut cum hoste dolorem communicaret. Aquila ut periculo mortis suos eriperet supplex vulpi catulos incolumes reddidit. I — escam, as food. 12. — THE TWO MULES. Duo muli gravati sarcinis ibant : unus ferebat fiscos cum pecunia, alter tumentes multo hordeo saccos. Ille onere dives praecedit celsis^ cervicibus eminens, comes sequitur quieto et placido gradu. Subito latrones ex insidiis adv5lant interque caedem mulionum ferro mulum divitem sauciant, diripiunt nummos, negligunt vile hordeum. Spohatus igitur cum casus suos fleret : "Equidem, inquit alter, me contemptum esse gau- deo ; nam nihil amisi nee vulnere laesus sum." I — celsis cervicibus eminens, carrying his head high. 13. — THE STAG AND THE OXEN. Cervus, a venatoribus latibulis excitatus, ut instantem necem fugeret, caeco timore proximam villam petiit^ et se bubili con- didit. Hic^ bos latenti : "Ouidnam tibi voluisti, infelix, qui ad necem ultro cucurreris hominumque tecto vitam commiseris?" At ille supplex: "Vos modo^ parcite, inquit; data occasione rursus erumpam." Sub vesperum bubulcus pabulum affert nee eum videt. Subinde eunt^ et redeunt rustici omnes, nemo ani- madvertit ; transit etiam villicus neque quicquam sentit. Turn gaudens cervus bubus gratias agere coepit, quod hospitium ad- verso tempore praestitissent. "Salvum te esse cupimus, inquit unus ; sed si ille, qui centum oculos habet, venerit, magno in 1 230 AESOPIC FABLES. periculo vita tua versabitiir. " Interea ipse dominus a cena reclit, et quia nuper neglectos boves viderat, ad praesepe acce- dit: "Cur parum pabuli est? Stramenta desunt." Dum singula scrutatur, cervi (^uociue cornua alta conspicatur. Quem occidi jubet praedamque*'' toUit. I— Ran after. 2-hic, adv., here, there ; supply inquit after bos. 2>—modo, adv., only, ^—eunt et redeunt, they come and go. ^—praedam, for booty. AESOPIC FABLES. 1 6. THE TREES OF THE GODS. 231 n.s Olim di legerunt arbores, quae in tutela sua essent. Quer- cus Jovi, invrtus VenSri placuit, i'hoebo laiiriis, ih t 51 Herculi. M lerva mirabunda interrogavit ■ e steri v - , u ' . i k - sumerent. Jupiter causam af^rt: "Ne honorc 111 tni 11 \ i n dere videamur." — "At oliva mihi propter fruLLum e-i gratior.'* Turn sic deorum pater: "O filia, merito ab omnibus sapiens diceris. Nisi utile est, quod facimus, stulta est gloria." 14. — THE HEN AND THE PEARL. PuUus gallinaceus in sterquilino dum quaerit escam, marga- ritam repperit. "Neglecta^ jaces, inquit, indigno loco. Si quis pretii tui cupidus te vidisset, jam dudum ad splendorem pristi- num redisses; quod^ ego te inv^eni, cui multo potior est cibus, nee tibi nee mihi quidcjuam prodesse potest." I— Unnoticed. 2— quod, that. 15. THE CRICKET AND THE NIGHT-OWL. Cicada convicium noctuae acerbum fliciebat (solet enim haec victum noctu quaerere et interdiu in cava arbore somnum capere). Rogata est. ut taceret. At multo validius clamare coepit. Rursus admota prece magis accensa es. Noctua ut vidit nullum sibi auxilium esse et verba sua contemni, garrulam cicadam hac lallacia aggressa est: "Quia cantus tui suaves dormire me non sinunt, inquit, in animo habeo nectar potare, quod Minerva mihi nuper donavit; si non fastidis, veni ; una^ bibamus." Cicada, quae siti ardebat, simulatque cognovit vocem suani laudari, cupide advolavit. Noctua niiseram con- sectata occidit. Sic, quod viva negarat, tribuit mortua. I— una, adv., together. n ' o STORIES. STORIES. 1. Cum Socraii discipuli pro suis quisque facultatibus^ multa offerrent, Aeschines, pauper auditor: "Nihil, inquit, dignum te, (juod dare tibi possim, invenio et hoc uno modo paupeiciii iiic esse sentio. Itaquc dono tibi, quod- unum habeo, me ipsum. Hoc munus, qualecunque est, boni con- stile^, cogitaque alios, cum multum tibi darent, plus sibi reliquisse." Cul^* Socrates: "Quidni^ tu, inquit, mihi mag- num munus dederis, nisi forte^ te parvi aestimas? Erit igitur mihi curae, ut te meliorem tibi reddam, quam accepi." Vicit Aeschines hoc munere omnem juvenum opulentorum muni- ficentiam. I— facilitates, see Gr. § 52. 2— quod tinuvi habeo, the only thing I possess, ^—boni consul,', see O. 204, N. 2 i^—cui, — et ei. ^—quidni dedens. why should you not have given. 6—nisi/otte, if you do not, if it has not happened that. 2. Magnus ille Alexander multos scriptores rerum suarum secum habuisse dicitur. Atque is tamen, cum in Sigeo ad Achillis tumiilum adstitisset : "O fortunate, inquit, adolescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris !" Et vere ; nam nisi Ilias ilia exstitisset, idem tumulus, qui corpus ejus contexerat, nomen etiam obruisset. 3. Themist6cles, cum ei Simonides artem memoriae polli- ceretur: "OblivionisS inquit, mallem. Nam memini etiam, quae nolo; oblivisci non possum, quae volo." \—oblivionis, supply artem. 4. Si' I o laudabo sapientem ilium Biantem, qui numeratur in septem sapientibus. Cujus cum patriam Prienen cepisset hostis, ceterique ita fugerent, ut multa de suis rebus secum asportarcnt admonitus^ a quodam, ut idem ipse^ faceret : ''Ego vero^, inquit, facio ; nam omnia mecum porto mea." i—admonitus, this participle belongs to inquit. 7— ipse, he also, z—ego verofacio^ truly I do it, I am doing it. STORIES. II I 5. Nasica cum ad poetam Enniiim vcnissct eiqiit a!) * >x\o vAw. I it ; . ^ ; i ^> i t^ ■ I quaerenti^ Ennium ancilla dixisset domi non esse^, sensit domini jussu^ dixisse et ilium intus esse. Paucis | cum ad Nasicam venisset Ennius et eum a janua qu.it r exclam it Nasica se domi non esse. Tum Fnn'us: "Ou ego non cognosco, inquit, voceiii mam?" H N a: "Homo es impiidens. Ego cum te quaererem ancillae tikic credidi te domi non esse, tu mihi non credis ipsi?" \—quaerere Ennium, to ask for E . 2— esse, namely Ennium. 3—jussu, see Gr. g 20 and a, Note 2. 4— quid, what? how? 5— hie, adv. 6. Orator quidam malus cum in epil6go r • a-i <^e movisse putaret, postquam assedit, rogavit Catulum, videreturne misericordiam movisse. *'Acmagnam quidem, inquit; neminem enim puto esse tarn durum, cui non oratio tua miserand i \ i?a sit. ' ' 7. Aesopo petulans quidam lapidem impegerat. Cui ille : ''Tanto meliori," inquit. Assem deinde ei dedn hi- xnhis prosecutus: "Plus non habeo, sed monstrabo tibi, unde^ acci- pere possis. Ecce venit homo dives et potens ; huic bimau r lapidem impinge, dignum^ praemium accipies." 11'^ ^ r: is adductus ille fecit, quod monitus erat. Sed spes auda ni fefellit ; nam comprensus justas poenas persolvit. i-tanto melior {es) Ah good \ 2-unde,aquo. z-dign urn, good. at a ! 8. Theodorus, philosophus nun ignobilis, cum ei miichus rex crucem minaretur : "Istis, quaeso, innai, la ribilia minitare purpuratis tuis. Theodori quidenr nihil inn - hnmine^ an sublime^ putescat." i-quidem is here used to strengthen the preceding word and is not trwidated. 2-humine, humi, and the interrogation particle ne (whether). 2,-sublime, adv., confer. (Gr. I 133. i)- 234 STORIES. 9. Diogenes philosophus prqiici se jussit inhumatum. Turn amici^: " Volucribusne et feris?" "Minime vero-, inquit ; sed bacilluni propter me, qiio"^ abigam, ponitote." "Qui* id pote- ris? illi; non enim senties." — ''Quid igitur mihi ferarum^ laniatus oberit nihil sentienti?" i—amici, dixerunt, is here understood, as also afterwards to illi. 2—minime, no, by no means. 2>—qu(\uteo. 4— ywz, adv., how ? what ? '^—ferarum {%y\^>\ '^fAii.) laniatus, macerated by wild beasts. 10. Xenocnltes, cum legati ab Alexandre quinquaginta ei talenta attulissent, abduxit legates ad cenam in Academiam, iis apposuit tantum^ quod satis esset. Cum postridie rogarent eum, cui numerari juberet : "Quid-? vos hesterna, inquit, cenula non intellexistis me pecunia non egere?" Quos cum tristiores'^ vidisset, triginta minas accepit, ne aspernari regis liberalitatem videretur. i—tantum, quod, only so much as to. 2— quid. ^ How ? What? 2—tristiorfs, somewhat morose, ill-humored. 11. Cum apud Lacedaemonios tyrannus cenavisset Diony- sius, negavit^ se jure illo nigro, quod cenae caput erat, delec- tatum. Turn is, qui ilia coxerat : "Minime mirum^; condi- menta enim defuerunt." — "Quae tandem 3?" inquit ille*.— "La- bor in \enatu, sudor, cursus, fames, sitis; his enim rebus La- cedaemoniorum epulae condiuntur." i—ue^avit, he said he did not. 2--tnimm, supply est. 2,—tandevi, in questions— then, pray. 12. Scipio Africanus minor, cum ab eo quidam vetus assec- tator non impetraret, ut se praefectum in Africam duceret, et id ferret moleste : "Noli, inciuit, mirari, si tu hoc a me non impt^tras. Ego jam pridem ab amico (juodam meo peto, ut mecum praefectus proficiscatur, et adhuc impetrare non possum." 13. Proditum est memorial I.atonem ex 2 longo errore et fuga confugisse Delum atque ibi Apollinem Dianamque pepe- risse; qua ex'^ opinione hominum ilki insula eorum deorum* STORIES. 33 sacra putatur ; tantaque ejus auctoritas religionist et est v t semper fuit, ut ne Persae quidem, cum bellum toti Grneciae, dis hominibusque indixissent et mille numero navium cla — ^ vw ad Delum appulissent^, quidquam conarentur aut violare a it attingere. I— of. Gr. ? 213, N. 2. 2— ex, from, of Gr. § 262, 2. z—ex, on account of which, in consequence of; cf. Gr. ^ 226, 5. ^—deorum, about the genitive after sacer: cf. Gr. 199, 2. ^-ejus auct. rel., the reverential awe towards them. 6—classeni appellere ad, to land ^ with a fleet at Delum. 14. In Sicilia instituta atque edicta praetorum AKiuni ( ni'^- m6di^ ne quis cum telo servus esset. L. Domitius i * ; r \\\ Sicilia, cum aper ingens ad eum allatus esset, admiratus requi- sivit, quis eum percussisset; cum audisset pastorem cujusdara fuisse, eum vocari ad se jussit. Ille cupide ad praetorem quasi ad laudem atque ad praemium accucurrit. < * lesivit Domitius, qui^ tantam bestiam percussisset. Ille i_-^ 1, venabulo^. Statim deinde jusso praetoris in crucem est sub- latus. i—ejusntodi,%M(i\^. 2— qui .U . how? 3—Supp]y, se fiercussisse. 15. Gyges, regius pastor, cum terra discessisset, descendit in ilium, hiatum, aeneumque equum animadverdt, cujus in lateribus fores essent ; quibus apertis^ corpus hominis mortui vidit magnitudine inusitata^ annulumque aureum in digito ; quem ut detraxit, ipge induit^, tum in concilium se pasturuni recepit. Ibi cum"^ palam ejus annuli ad palmam cornerterat, a nullo videbatur, ipse autem omnia videbat. Idem rursus videbatur, cum in locum^ annulum inverterat. Itaque hac op- portunitate annuli usus regem dominum interemit, sustulit, quos obstare arbitrabatur^; nee in his eum facinoribus quis- quam potuit videre. Sic repente annuli beneficio^ rex exortus est Lydiae. I— quibus apertis, after it had been opened (the door). 2— magnitudine inusiiata, abl. qimlitatis, to hominis. z-?nt it on. ^-cutn, when. s-locus, here means the right place, the proper, fit place. 6-Those whom he thought opposed him. •j—beneficio, through, by, means of; cf. Gr. I 213, N. i. 236 STORIES. 1 6. Xri! -hippe, Socratis philosophi uxor, morosa admSdum fuisse Iti! :i ct jurgiosa. Hanc ejus intemperiem^ Alcibiades demir.iius interrogavit Socratem, quaenam ratio- esset, cur niuh !t 1:1 i.iin acerbani domo non exigeret. "Quoniam, inquit "^ '^ ^^- ^ 5'!-! iliani donii perpetior, insuesco ceterorum ( ul, repente quasi admirans stetit, deinde sensim atque piaci le tamquam noscitans ad hominem accedit. Tum caudam more adulantium canum clementer et blande movet hominisque sc.>e corpori adjungit cruraque ejus et maiiUb piupe jam exaniiiiati metu lingua leniter demulcet. Androclus inter ilia \ -n atrocis ferae blandimenta amissum animum^ recuperat paulatimque oculos ad contuendum leonem refert. 1 iim laeius \ideres-^ hominem et leonem. Ea re tam admirabili maximi populi clamores excitati sunt, arcessitusque est a Caesare Androclus et interrogatus, cur ille atrocissimus leo uni* pepercisset. Ibi Androclus rem admirandam narrai. Cum proviiiciam, inquit, Africam procon^riari imperio mens dominiis obtineret, ego ibi iniquis et quoin lianis ejus verberibus aci lugam sum coactus et, ut mihi a domino tuti on ^ 3 ,!< : ; . • ^nt, in cam- porum et arenarum solitudines^ conccsbi. Ti:!!! ^iAe flagrante specum quendam nactus remotum latebrosumque, i rum me recondo. Neque multo post acl < iiidoni i * imii \tnit hie leo, debili^ uno et cruento pede. yui po>' qu tii; in-f -u- m ha- bitaculum illud suum, vidit^ me ♦ n : .]- litescentem, riiiti-^ it mansuetus accessit ac sublatum pedem ostendere niilii ; rigere visus est. Ibi ego stirpem ingentem ex pede oj at- '"I Uij ro\"ejii 240 C'i T STORIES. f*a t,'* ' 1 ' vulnere intimo express! accuratiuscjue sine magna ; detersi cruorem lUe tunc pede in manibus ^:::.LU iecubuit et quievit. Atque ex eo die triennium totiim ego et leo in eodem specu eodem victu viximus. Nam quas venabatur feras, nnr ineiiii)ia opimiora ad specum iinhi suggerebat ; quae K ignis copiam non habens^, sole meridiano torrebam. Sed ubi ine vitae illius ferinae jam pertaesum est, leone ad venan- dum profecto reliqui specum et viam ferme tridui permensus a ni\UiUn.is visus comprehensusque sum et ad dominum ex Ail; I Ixcniam deductus. Is me statim rei capitillis damnan- auii liaiidumque ad bestias curavit^". Intelligo autem hunc quoque leonem me tunc separato^^ captum gratiam mihi nunc beneficii et medicinae referre. Cunctis petentibus^^ dimissus /mdroclus et poena solutus est, leoque ei suffragiis populi donatus. Postea Androclus et leo loro tenui revinctus urbe tota circum tabernas ibant, donaba- tur aero Androclus, floribus spargebatur leo, omnes obvii dicebanL . Hie est leo hospes hominis, hie est homo medicus leonis. i—venatio, a combat of beasts. 2 — animus, selfcommand, composure. 3 — videres, one could have seen. 4— «nz, instead ei uni. him alone 5— It is to be translated by the adjective unfrequented. 6 — dfbili pede— cum debilis esset=pes. "j—vidit me delites — centem, he saw me as I hid myself. 9>—guas, earum=earum ferarum, quas. g— ignis copiam non habens, as I could obtain no fire. 10 — curavit, cf No. 11, p. 199. 11 — me tunc seperato, on my separation at that time. 12— Through the wish of the people. 25. — EUCLID OF MEGARA. DecrSto Athenlenses caverant', ut, qui Megarensis civis esset, si Athenas pedem intulisset, ea res ei homini eapitalis esset. i Li i I. lides Megarensis, qui ante id decretum et esse At! ni^ rt andire Socratem consuerverat, postquam id decretum cinii nit, sub noctem tunica longa muliCbri indutus t! P ini » \ t ! - n! !(> amictus e domo sua Meg^ris Athenas ad Si r.it< ii; i, ' Ea cum legisset M Ca.\o\ "Nt" in, inquit. An!', . nimiuni nugator es, cum^ maluisti culpam deprecari quam c\\\] a \ r m. Nam petere veniam solemus, aut cimr' niijnanii-nn- nrraxinms, aut cum compulsi peccavimus. ". I— The affair. 2—ne, truly. 2,— cum, while. 4— cum, when. 27 CATO AND CARTHAGE. Cato odio Carthaginis flagrans, cum clamaret omni smaiiR Carthaginem dclcndam, attulit quodnm da in curiam | a i* < cem ex ea provineia ficum, ostendensque patril an- "hnwrv^o vos, inquit, quando hanc iicum demptam |aitntib ex .lA n.' Cum inter omnes recentem esse^ const at: "Atnui a!)hmc tres, inquit, dies scitote decerptam Cart hag ine: t mi nn n a' muris habemus hostem'" Statimque susceptum l:-i in an tertium belhim. quo Carthago deleta cat. I — ownij^fwa/w, at every meeting of the senate. 2— Supply ^aw. 3— /r<7/breni din dicta^ 242 STORIES. metiien" d/tniiiat^fMicin, instrunirntiini ni-hriini nnine in forum attulil ei lu ^' familiam validam atque Ix nt ; ttani ac M M : I , i Hu, egregie facta, graves ligunc^j vomeres punlti -SOS hoves saturos. Postea dixit: "Wneficia mea, Qiui'tr^. haec sunt, nee possum vobis ostei ! 1 1 mt in forum adducerr 1; i tiones meas vigiliasque et sudores." Omnium sententiis abbolui.u:3 est. x-'pellicere vencjiciis, to bewitch, to change by witchcraft. 2 — die dicta, on the day fixed lor trial. 29. — THE MAGNANIMITY OF THE ROMAN SENATE. Luiiiecto Macedonico bello MusochSnes, Masinissae filius, "I'm equitibus, quos in praesidium Romanorum adduxerat, ab 1 ; ratore P ullo ad patrem remissus, tempestate classe dis- persa Brundisium aeger delatus est. Quod ubi senatus Romanus cognovit, continuo illo^ quaestorem ire jussit, cujus cura et hospitiuiii i I lescenti expediretur et omnia, quae ad valetudi- nem opus essent, praeberentur ; impensaeque liberaliter cum^ ip-i tuni toti comitatui praestarentur ; naves etiam prospexit, quibus se tuto cum suis in Africam trajiceret, Equitibus sin- gulas libras argenti et quingenos sestertios dari imperavit. 1— Adv. there, to that place. 2—cutn-tum, both-and. 30. — THE CUNNINGNESS OF DEMOSTHENES. Demosthenis astutia mirifice cuidam aniculae succursum est, quae pccuiuam a duobus hospitibus acceperat ea conditione, lit illain siiiTil utrique redderet. Quorum alter interjecto tem- P '!v^ t ini jriani niortuo socio squalore obsitus deceptae omnes nuiiiniM-; ab.^tulii. bupervenit deinde alter et depositum petere c(j(!)it ffnrrobat misera et in maxima et pecuniae et defen- sioni> prtmria lani st . Cassita forte nidulata erat in sti.'iti 1 rupterea irumentis flavescentibus puFn erant. Cum igitur ipsa iret cibum pull; ut, si quid ibi rei novae fieret dicerr- idque sibi, ubi redisset, renuntiareni, i> ununu; |.o illarum filinm adolescentem \orat !ia jjuiii irepidi rirc lioi- strSpunt orantque matrem, ut statim jam ircipiiri in pit aliiiin locum sese asportet : "nam dominus, inquiunt. mi qui amicos rogaret, ut luce oriente venirent < i a Mat'- I" iiibct ens nnimo ntioco esse; "si '. ^ a i a 1 1 i ! a \ioribus. naducres a aa n a ^aaa, turn ni hara 1 laaa. id^i t i a mium, enim CiOiiiiiia messem ad amicos rejicit, eras seges noii necessse est hodie vos auferre." miaa Die igitur postero mater in |)abn' um Fills, nnos ni nulli aa .:,v- 1 ^a L^ a a a i per- rogaverat, opperitur. Sol ferveP it nt adsunt Fum ille rursimi filio p "Aiiiici sunt. Uuiii potius imus et cognates, aitina- \ oramus, ut adsint eras ad mctrndnm?" Itadc Xi-v\'''V. nmtri nuntiant. ajaiar fmnatnia nt frini iRicHp,]r vine metu ac sine cura sint ; co-aa->- :a;aa--aa' .a.: an=ratan Kd\)v^^^ sendnm cina nna mic slatini obedna. ' ' \V^a modo. iricpnt, advertite, si quid denuo diceturd' Alia luce orta. avis in raislum -44 STORIES. piuiccui est. Cognati et affiues opera supersederunt. Ad postremum igitur dominus filio : "Valeant^ inquit, ainici cum propinquis. Afferes prima luce falces duas : unam egomet mihi capiam, et tu tibi capies alteram ; et frumentum nosmet ipsi manibus nostris eras metemus." Id ubi ex pullis dixisse dommuni mater audivit : " Tempus, inquit, est cedendi et abeundi : fiet nunc sine dubio, quod futurum dixit^. Ipse enim, cujus est res, iiou alius opus facit." Atque ita cassita migravit, et seges a domino demessa est. I— Farewell, away with, i—quod fut. dixit, what he foretold. 32. A GHOST. Erat Athenis ampla domus, sed infamis. Per silentium noctis sonus ferri et strepitus vinculorum reddebatur^ ; mox apparebat idolon, senex macie^ et squalore confectus, promissa barba, horrenti capillo ; cruribus comp^des, manibus catenas gercbat quatiebatque. Inde inc5lae tristes dirasque noctes per metum^ pervigilabant; vigiliam morbus et crescente formidine mors sequebatur. Nam interdiu quoque, quamquam abscesse- ! t imago, memoria imaginis oculis obversabatur Deserta in ;e domus totaque illi monstro relicta est: proscribebatur Li icn. Venit Athenas philosophus Athenodorus, legit titiilum, aiiditoque pretio percontatus omnia docetur"* ac nihilo minus coiiducit. Ubi coepit advesperascere, jubet sterni^ sibi prima (lonuis parte, poscit pugillares, stilum, lumen; suos omnes in inttriora dimittit, ipse ad scribendum animum, oculos, manum intendit, ne vacua^ mens inanes sibi metus fingeret. Initio silentium noctis erat, deinde concutiebatur ferruni, vincii1 lui.r it ut ignoraret maritus; quin imo^ f|iiotions mliic nhnii cius intii bat, vivere filium atque etiam^ commodiorein (--t ' Moir: i it acpersaepe interrogand, quid ageret® puer s it .t i: ne quievit, libenter cibum sumpsit. Deinde. ( uiii iiu lohiiniae lacrimae prornmppront', egrediebatur ; luiu v^. d,,in.ri uniai ; satiata* siccis oculis composito vultu redibat, i niaiu mi orbita- tem foris reliquisset. \—et, also, i—eximia pulchritudine, a 1.1 of quality, a youth of great beauty. 3— ^wm /wo, yes even. 4— i juis 2 4 ' ■> STORIES. opis ejus indiryerrt. haberet, quod statim daret, ne cin* i« iido \idrrriin iici^^rr, >AV'-)e, cum aliquem x'idtTrt minus bene \i .Lit inn Nuuiii ainiculum dedit. Out lidie sic cena ei coque- hatii! lit, quu.^ luvocatus^ vidisset in foro, omnes devocaret ; (jilt) i i.ici-vi' nullo die praetermittebat. Nulli fides ejus, nulli « I) : i nulli res familiaris defuit; multos locupletavit ; coniplures r I ijjt It inortuos, qui, unde efferrentur, non reliquissent, suo ^u:nt)iti extulit. Quare minime est mirandum, si et vita ejus M!cura- et mors acerba^. fill i—irwocatiis, uncalled, not invited, Gr. 141, 5. 2— Safe, secure. 3 — acerba, bitter, lamented. 35. — ALCIBIADES. ^ 1 \ leniensis, natus summo genere^ omnium aeta- tis sua o formosissimus erat, ad omnes res aptus consili- u|!a' |)icnus, dives, cum tempus posceret laboriosus, patiens, libcralis, affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime serviens, 111 XIII io^us, libidinosus, ut omnes admirarentur in uno homine laiiLam esse dissimilitudinem tanique diversam naturam. Edu- catus est in domo Periclis, eruditus a Socrate ; socerum habuit Hipponic uii! Minnium Graece loquentium ditissimum. Alcibiades cum^ Athenis, splendidissima civitate, natus esset, omnes splendore ac dignitate superavit vitae. Postquam Hide expulsus Thebas venit, adeo studiis Thebanorum inservi- \!! ut nemo eum labore corporisque viribus posset aequare. idciii .ipn i iau^edaemonios, quorum morihus summa virtus in n ! entia i r sic duritiae se dedit, ut parsimonia victus atque ci omnes Lacedaemonios vinceret. Fuit apud Thraces, iiuiiniic^ vinolentos ; hos quoque in hac re antecessit. "tad Persas, apud quos summa laus erat fortiter venari'^; >ic imitatus est consuetudinem, ut illi ipsi euin in hac re >^ al atniiii o libus rebus efiecit, ut, apud quos- '--ft. praa^ops poiiarrtur-* haheretnrque carissimus. ! .1 V i y noble lamily. 2— cum, although. 3— To be a daring, brave hunter. la ^ • I ! t I , ! ! ] f • 1 — B*>ni 4— That they gave him the precedence. ' i ! j K ■ I a i i ^ 1 Coma ,ii aaa I s -b' in luiaaa 1 a a OS i i. i- I , J. com- aaain US'* 1 ] 1 1 1 f ■ i 1 STORIES. 247 36. — LVCURGUS. Lycurgus Spartiatis leges iubi i a ah 1 a ce saaxit, cuiu*:^ non ip=:p la'iiim- in se docunitiniaa >. X aa ..mnibus suasit. Emi singula aix j aa per:' x.x:- mercium jussit. Auri .,a-gcai;qac u>aai sce^runi inatciaaiii hu-iaiit. Aaaani-fraiioatxa re: ordines- divisit : regibus potestatem beHuiuiii. ai judicia, senatui custodiam legum, popuio vel creandi quos vellet magistratu- poa aat dos omnium aequaliter intc! x>innes x!;\!-xa publice jussit. Juvenibus non amplius quiua« anno permissum est. i'ueros puberes non acrrum deduci jussit, ut primes annos non in iaxiarai opere et in laboribus agerent. Virgines sine dote nubere jussit, ut uxores t]ii.a a at a non pecuniae. Maximum honorcm seiauii esse xohaa arc sane usquam terrarum^ locunr'^ honoratiorem senectu< habet. Vt aeternitatem legibus suis daret, jurejniaindo obligat civiaax a . nihil eos de suis legibus mutaturos, priusquam rcvLriLitaax et simulat se arl oraculum Delphicum proficisci, consultii r ran \ quid addendum legibus aaitandumque c- rt. I'roficiscitur autem Cretan! ibique perpetuum exsilium egit abjicique lai man ( >-a sua moriens jussit, ne, si relata essent Lacedaem6nem, soiaaos se Spartiatae religione^ jurisjurandi arbitrarentur. I— tt/, as. 2— / -ara mam scientiani ■» STORIES. iLii . onicnderat. Quibus omnibus instructus Cro- tonii^ \' n t fH pnhiiiHiiie in luxuriam lapsum auctoritate sua ad Irugalitateni revocavit. Laudabat quotidie virtutem, et vitia^ luxuriae casumque civitatem ea peste perditarum enumerabat liiUauclinis ad fru^alitatem provocavii, ut III . iuxuriatos incredibile videretur. Pucros docebat nmclestiam et literarum studium. Cum annos XX C; * le egisset, Metapontum emigravit ibique decessit ; cujus tanta ndmirntin fnit, ut ex domo ejus templum facerent eumque pro deo colerent. I — Greek ace, Gr. 42, 2, 2 — vih'a, the injurious consequences. taiituindur '-^linAnuw '.J, : HISTORY OF THE ASSYRIANS. 249 HlbTORY OF THE ASSYRIANS. I. — NINUS. Liili, rinripia^ Principio rcruin crentium nauoin.ini'nir niirrrriun! erat. Populus nullis legibus tenebatur : arbitria pnncii)uin |}ro legibus erant^. 1 ;us imperii t ; li iiia-ir, (iiuini proferrc nios erat. Primus c^ .i...u:u Ainuo, icx Ab::5yriorum, vetereni ci quabi avitum gentium morem nova imprrii rnpiditate mutavit I lie primus intulit bella finitimis et toiin- «)!irin> • • : , ; t-i. Postremuii] Lri; im illi fuit cum Z. : i-ir( . ir^f I-. i:: qui primus dicitur artes magicas invrnisc^o ct iiuiiMii p siderumque motus diligentissime spectasse. Hoc occiso, m n ' ^ decessit, relicto impubere filio Ninya et ux( n Sniiramide. 1— pro Ie£'t6us essg, to s\ipp]y lav/s. 2 — Elementary matter. 3— ^/ a^j^, also he. 2. — SEMIRAMIS. Haec, neque iininaturo filio ausa tradere inipermin neque ipsa palam tractare, simulat se pro uxore Nini filium, pro femini puerum. Nam et statura utrique rnediocris «! \< x pariter gracilis et lineamentorum fbniKi niairi ac tilio hiniiii^. l^^uiir crura cnlcinmentis, raptit tiara tegil , ti ne quid noio iialiitii 0C( a • \ ideretur, eodem ornatn t p' pulum vestin julut: quem morem vestis exinde gens universa tenet Sir inu-r c->e credita c^t. Magnas deinde res gessit ; quaiuni amp luuine ubi invidiam superatam pntat. nunc sit, f^itciiar, pirmrpic^ simulaverit^. Nee hoc illi dignitatem lagni ademit -al tunii- rationeni auxii, quucl iiiulier non feminas modo \iituu, sed etiam vims anteiret. Haec JZa\ '. aa !n, condidit murumqne mia cocto latere cir- cumdedit, harenae vice^ biiamine interstrato, q a in a a a ai I. [ I" A W 250 HISTORY OF THE ASSYRIANS. illis locis passim invenitur et e terra exaestuat. Multa et alia praeclara hujiis reginae fuere : nam Aethiopiam ([uoque imperio adjeci; ^'d ! I iidis. bellum intulit, quorum tines praeter illam et Ait nidruui Mai^nnm nemo intravit. Decessit vita duo et XXX iiiiio. post Ninum regno potita. Filius ejus Ninya con- tentu-. tradito a parentibus imperio belli studia deposuit et, veluti scxum cum matre mutasset, raro a viris visus in femina- nnii turba consenuit. Posteri quoque ejus id excmplum secuti responsa gentibus per internuntios dabant. Imperium Assyrii mille trecentos annos tenuere. I— el quern. 2 — simitlare, pretend to be. 3 — vice, instead of. 3. SARDANAPALLUS. Postremus apud eos regnavit Sardanapallus. Praefectus ipsius Medis praepositus^, nomine Arbactus, invenit eum inter feminarum greges purpuras colo nentem et mulit^bri habitu pensa inter virgines partientem. Indignatus, tali feminae tan- tum virorum subjectum esse tractantesque ferrum et arma ha- bentes parere, progressus ad socios, quid viderit, refert : negat se ei parere posse, qui se feminam majit esse quam virum. Fit igitur conjuratio; bellum Sardanapallo infertur. Quo ille audi to, ut metu mortis mulieres solent, primo latSbras circum- spicit, deinde cum paucis et incompositis in bellum progreditur^. Victus in regiam se recepit, ubi exstructa incensaque pyra et se et divitias suas in incendium mittit, hoc solo imitatus virum. Post hunr rex constituitur Arbactus, qui praefectus Medorum fuerat. Is imperium ab Assyriis ad Medos transfert, qui reg- naverunt annos CCCL. I— His own Governor, whom he has placed over Media. 2— He comes forth to battle. CYRUS, FOUNDER OF THE GREAT PERSIAN EMPIRE. I. — VICTORY OF CYRUS OVER CROESUS. Ultimus rex Medorum, AstySges, a nepote suo Cyro pulsus « >i regno. Sed civitates, quae Medorum tributariae fuerant, ^ * %Si< HISTORY OF THE ASSYRIANS. j;i mutato imperio etiam condicionem suam mm itim arbitr.uius a Cyro defecerunt : quae res multorum beiiorum Cyro causa et origo fuit. Domitis deinde plerisque, cum adversus Babylonios beliuni gereret, Babyloniis rex Lydorum Croesus, cujrr- spes divitiaeque insignes ea tempestate erant, nuxilio venit ; \ ic- tusque in regnum refugit. Cyrus quoque post victoriam com- positis HI Babylonia rebus bellum transfert m X\. trajectis copiis, cum aliquantum in Scythiam processisset, castra r I ■.urn*' 252 HISTORY OF THE ASSYRIANS. metatns est Dcin postero die simulato nietu, quasi refu- giens castra deseruisset, ita vini affatim et ea, quae epulis erant necessaria, reliquit. Quod cum nuntiatum reginae esset, adolescentulum tilium ad insequendum cum cum tertia parte copiarum in in it. Cum ventum ad castra Cyri esset, ignarus rei militaris adolescens, veluti ad epulas, non ad proelium venisset, barbaros vino se onerare patitur, priusque Scythae ebrietate quam bello vincuntur. Nam cognitis his Cyrus re- versus per noctem ebrios opprimit omnesque Scythas cum rr^iiiae iilio interficit. Tamyris ulcisci studuit hostesque recenti victoria exsultantes pari insidiarum fraude circumvenit^ : quippe refugiens Cyrum ad angustias usque perduxit. Ibi compositis in montibus in- sidiis ducenta millia Persarum cum ipso rege trucidavit. In qua victoria etiam illud memorabile fuit, quod ne nuntius qui- dem tantae cladis superfuit. Caput Cyri amputatum in utrem huiiiaiio sanguine repletum copjici regina jubet cum hac ex- probratione crudelitatis : "Satia te, inquit, sanguine, quem sitisti cujusque insatiabilis semper fuisti. " Cyrus regnavit an- nos XXX. 1.— Asia— Asia minor, Asia Minor. 2— Who was not terrified, but . 3— On account of the river impeding. 4 -She deceived the enemy by a similar stratagem. FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. 253 i^ s A. ^ .A,™. ^ i X J... -.. D T OR T . I PRIMITIVE HISTORY OF ATHENS. Athenienses origine gloriantur : quippe non advenae neque passim collecta populi colluvies originem urbi dedit, ?er] 5n eodem nati sunt solo, quod incolunt. Primi lanificium et oiei et vini usum docuere. Arare quoque ac serere frumenta glande vescentes docuerunt. Literae, ccrimoniae ac faciindia et civilis disciplinae ordo veluti templuni Athenas habent Aire 1) t.icalionis tempora regem habuere Cecr5pem, quem, ut i- nis antiquitas fabulosa est, biformen tradidere, quia piniius marem feminae matrimonio junxit. Huic successit Cran^ns; cujus filia Atthis nomen regioni dedit. Post hunc Amphictyon regnavit, qui primus Minervae urbem sacravit et nomen civi- tati Athenas dedit. Hujus temporibus aquarum alluvies majo- rem partem populorum Graeciae absumpsit. Superfuerunt, quos refugia montium^ receperunt, aut qui ad regem 1 . le Deucalionem ratibus evecti sunt, a quo propterea genus homi- ' num conditum dicitur. Per ordinem deinde seccessionis reg- num ad Erechtheum descendit^, sub quo frumenti satio est Eleusine a Triptol^mo reperta. Tenuit et Aegeus, Thesei pater, Athenis regnum. Post Aegeum Theseus ac deinct]>.^ Thesei filius Demophoon, qui auxilium Graecis adversus Tio- janos tulit, regnum possedit. i-re/ugia montium, a place of refuge in the mountains. 2-Came. • 2. — CODRUS. (1068) Erant inter Athenienses et Dorienses simultates veteres. Quare Dorienses cum bellum illis inferre velleni, de ejus eve it i oracula consuluerunt. Responsum est superiores fbre, ni reo • 1 Atheniensium occidissent. Cum ventum esset in bellum. nih- tibus ante omnia custodia regis praecipitur. Atheniensibus eo 2^.1 1 RUM GRECIAN HISTORY. FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. 1' niDore rex Codrus erat ; qui «. response dei et praeceptis ho. Hum roirnitis permutato regis habitu pannosus, sarmenta c no L!(i( s I tr hostium ingreditur : ibi a milite, quern falce \ laverat, interficitur. Cognito regis coi . I )orienses sine pioeiio disced nnt. Atque ita Athenienses virtute^ ducis pro salute patriae niorti se offerentis bello liberantur. I— Selfsacrifice. 2. SOLON. (about THE YEAR 600.) Post Codrum nemo Athenis regnavit. Administratio rei- publicae magistratibus^ permissa est. Sed civitati nullae tunc leges erant quia libido regum pro legibus habebatur. Legi- tur itaque Solon, vir justitiae insignis, qui- veluf novam civi- tAU'i:\ \^'i:i\ni> ri.iideret: qui t nia iiiuiieratione inter plohem si'iLiUinqu'- <-;^a ■. ut :\}) u!?i-:(]ne pnrf'in i^rntiam inifpt. i hijus V- inttt ■ i' i egregia illud"* niemorabiie fuit. Inter Atheni- r ' a1 garenses de Salaniine insula prope usque ad inter- ituii! J . r, dimicatum erat. Post multas clades capitale esse a| u 1 Athenienses coepit, si quis legem de vindicanda insula tulisset. Timens igitur Solon, ne tacendo parum reipublicae consuleret, subitani dementiam simulat. Deformis habitu more VLLuicluii! Ill {Mihliriim ev51at factoque concursu hominum, quo magis consilmm dissimularet, insolitis sibi versibus suadere populo coepii (juihI vetabatur, omniumque animos ita cepit, ui cAiciiiplu bLlkua adv^ersus Megarcnses decerneretur insula- que devirtis liostibus Antheniensiunr^' fieret. I— These were called Archontes. 2— «/ ts. that he. 3— Meditated. 4— The following. 5— About the genitive, cf. Gr. ^ 205. 4. PISISTRATUS (560-528.) ■■^ f ■' i ' reuse- 11 > frustra arnia movisse viderentur, matronas AUiciiieik^iuiii Ui LlciLMuiis sacris noctu oppressuri^ naves con- scendunt Oua re cognita dux Atheniensium Pisistnltus juven- tutem 111 insidiis locat, jussis matronis solito clamore ac strepitu etiam ui accessu hostium, ne animadversos^ se sentiant, sacra •> celebrare : egressosque navibi'- M : enses inopinantes aggres- sus delevit ac protinus classe captiva, intermixtis iiiulieribus, Meg^lra contendit. Illi cum et naviuui formani tt petitam prae- dam cognoscercnt, obvii ad puriuiii proceciuiii , quibus caesis par' A :i quin^ Pisistratus iirbem caperet Ita Dorienses suis dolis hosti victoriam dedere. Sed Pisistratus. juasi sibi, non patriae vicisset, tyrannidein per dolum occupat ; qu i pc voluntariis verberibus domi affectus in publicum progreditur, advocata contione vulnera populo ostendit, de c J : a prin- cipum, a quibus haec se passum simulabat, (]U( rinir: adduntur vocibus lacrimae* et in\'idiosa oratir)ne iiiuliitudM .-rtHhiia acren- ditur : amore plebis invisuin se senatui -imiilat : obtmet ad ni-- todiam corporis sui satellitum auxiliurn pi r quos occi p *.i iv I L" I ' V I annos X X y ^ ^ III I r I — In order to surprise, to attack unexpectedly. 2— That they were noticed, discovered, ^—paulum abest quin, there was little wanting, that. 4— His words are accompanied by tears. 5. THE SONS OF PISISTRATUS. Post Pisistrati mortem Hipparchus et Hippias imperiiiin paternum tenuerunt. Hipparchus propter injuriam virgini illa- tam ab Harmodio, fratre puellae, interficitur 514). Hippias autem paucis annis post ^510^ regno piilMis in exsilium aeitiir. T'-: Hicins in Persas (in. ''-in se Dario regi of^rt, qui i.eihaii adversus Athenienses parabat, quod lonibus conua c tulissriit 6. THE BATTLE OF MARATHON (49O.) Athenienses audito Persarum adventu auxiliuni I monii.-, socia tmn civitate. netiverunt. Ouos ubi i U'- retineri religione, anx'^-a--!; n'.n * xprctaiii. -t-,i ai-ina i millibus civium et i^lataeensibus auxilian! tis rniiir- sexcenta millia hostium n campis Maratin>nn< \u egrediuntur. Miltiades el dux belli er..L c t au^tur nuii txbpcc- tandi auxilii : quem tanta fiducia ceperat, at a:; -r^c-A-: n V' 'I bam 256 FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. celeritate quam in sociis poneret. Magna igitur in pugnam euntibus animorum alacritas fuit, adeo ut, cum mille passus inter dua:3 acies essent, citato cursu ante jactum sagittarum ad hostem venirent. N* r audaciae ejus eventus defuit. Victi Persae in naves confugerunt, ex quibus multae suppressae, multae captae sunt. In eo proelio tanta virtus singuloiuin fuit, ut, cujus laus I' M't^, difficile judicium videretur. Inter ceteros tamen i f' -iihtn ^ . 'u)Iescentis gloria emicuit, in quo jam indoles luuiiae imperatoriae dignitatis apparuit. Cynegiri quoque militis Allinniormi^ trloria magnis scriptorum laudibus celebrata est ; ' - proelii innumerabiles caedes cum fugientes hostes ad naves egisset, onustam navem dextra manu tenuit nee prius dimisit, c|uam manuni amitteret ; turn quoque amputata dextra navem >mistra comprehendit ; quam et ipsam'* cum amisisset, ad postremum morsu navem detinuit. Ducenta millia Persae seu proelio seu naufragio amisere. Cecidit et Hippias, tyran- nus Atbeniensis, dis patriae ultoribus poenas repetentibus. I— After they had arrayed. 2— i,cx)o auxiliaries from Plataeae. 3— Who deserved the most praise. 4 — et ipse, also it. 7. XERXES PREPARES HIMSELF FOR WAR AGAINST GREECE. '.]}'< r rum holluin instauraret, in ipso apparatu decedit. Xerxes, (;n ihiiri m legno successit, belluni ab eo coeptum adversus Graeciam quinquennium instruxit. Quod ubi primum didicit I )emaratus, rex Lacedaemoniorum, qui apud Xerxen exsulabat, amicior patriae post fugam quam regi post beneficia, ne inopiiiito bello opprimerentur, omnia in tabellis ligneis i5iai^;.tran! u ! h rscribit easdemque cera superinducit; fido de- indr .( ] \ })erferendas tradit magistratiKii Spartiatarum. Quibus perlatis Lacedaemone quaestioni res dm fuit, quod ntuie scriptum quid viderent nee frustra missas suspicarentur, ti! rmr rem majorem, quanto esset occultior, putabant. FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. : ;: Haerentibus in conjectura viris soror regis Leonidae consilium scribentis invenit. Erasa igitur cera belli consilia deteg-untur. Jam Xerxes septingenta millia de regno armaverat et tre- centa millia de auxiliis, ut non immerito proditum sit flumina ab exercitu ejus siccata Graeciamque omnem vix capere exer- citum ejus potuisse. Huic tanto agmini dux defuit. Rex primus in fuga, postremus in proelio semper visus est ; in peri- culis timidus ; sicubi^ metus abesset, inflatus. I — If anywhere. 8. — LEONIDAS. THERMOPYLAE (480). Xerxis introitus in Graeciam quam terribilis, tam turpis ac foedus discessus fuit. Namque cum Leonidas, rex Spartiata- rum, cum nil millibus militum angustias Thermopylariim occu- passet, Xerxes contcmptu^ paucitatis eos pugnam capessere jubet, quorum cognati Marathonia pugna interfecti erant : (]ui dum ulcisci suos student, principium cladis luvre ; succt d* nii dein inutili turba major caedes editur. Triduo ibi (iinn aiini est: quarto die cum nuntiatum esset Leonidae a XX DuWWni^ hostium summun cacumen teneri, luiii hurtatur socios, ut recedant et se ad meliora patrino tempora reservent ; sibi cum Spartiatis fortunam experiendam : pli patriae (iiiani \iiu debere. Audito regis imperio discesscre ceteri, .mjIi Laceci ae- iiiuiiii icmanserunt. Dimissis igitur sociis hortatur Spartiatas, ut meminerint '^ibi cadendum esse; caveant, ne fortius mansisse quam dimic;: -* videantur : nee exspectandum, dum ab hostibus rirauni\! ni- rentur, sed dum nox occasioncm daret, u< -nn r\ t na n juni : nusquam victores honestius quam in castris hostium pt litui Nihil- erat difficile iis persuadere : statini aiaiia ranhint centi viri castra qiiiii^a.ait'arnm miXnin aaaiiiii)iait -t praetorium petunt. Fumultus t t postquam regt in a i inveniunt, N • ■, ; aj>, ^5 * X - i i ( 1 1 1 c ataa}. 1" Vy i i j * i i i.-4 i"'S 258 FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. 259 vagantur ; caedunt sternuntque omnia. Proelium a principio noctis in :ii ijorem partem diei tractum est. Ad postremum non victi, sed \ ui tiidu fatigati inter ingentes stratorum hostiuni catervas ceciderunt. I- Abl. of cause. 2~«;/r//, by no means. 9. THEMISTOCLES. BATTLE OF SALAMIS (480). Xerxes experiri maris fortunam^ statuit. Ante navale proelium misit III I millia militum armatorum Del])hos ad tem- plum Apollinis diripiendum, prorsus quasi non cum Graecis LaiiLum, sed et- cum dis immortalibus bellum gereret : quae^ manus tota imbribus et fulminibus deleta est, ut intelligeret, quam nullae^ essent hominum adversus deos vires. Post haec Thespias et Plataeas et Athenas vacuas homini- bus incendit, et quoniam ferro in homines non poterat'% in aedificia igne grassatur. Namque Athenienses post pugnam M irathoniam praemonente Themistocle victoriam illam de i :sis non tinem, sed causam majoris belli fore, CC naves aediticaverant. Adventante Xerxe, consulentibus Delphicum oraculum responsum erat, ut salutem muris ligneis tuerentur. Itaque Themistocles persuadet omnibus patriam cives esse, non moenia, civitatemque non in aedificiis, sed in civibus esse positam : itaque melius salutem navibus quam urbi commissu- ros : hujus sententiae etiani deuni auctorem esse^. Probato coiisilio conjuges liberosque cum pretiosissimis rebus insulis, relicta urhe, demandant ; ipsi naves armati conscendunt. Ex- * r!i|)1nni Atheniensium et aliae urbes imitatae sunt. Itaque cum omnis sociorum classis intenta in bellum navale essei aiigur)uar.4..c -balaminii freti, ne circumveniri a multitudine po'^set ornipas^^ot, dissensio inter civitatum principes oritur : qui cum dcsiri » iieljo ad sua tuenda'^ dilabi vellet, timens Tlicmistocles, nc discessu sociorum vires minuerentur, per ser- v\nn ii(]u!]i Xc I xi nnntiat uno in loco eum contractam Grae- ciain caprre facillime posse. Quodsi^ civitates, quae jam abire 1^ •^^pp vellent, dissiparentur, majore labore ei singulas consectar ! ; -. Hoc dolo impellit regem, ut signum pugnae daret. Giacci quoque proelium collatis viribus^ capessunt. Interea rex \^e]!!t spectator pugnae cum parte navium in litore remanet. Arte- misia autem, regina Halicarnassi, quae auxilio Xerxi \ i 1, inter primos duces proelium acerrime ciebat. Id cum aii.Lp:> esset, lones pugnae se paulatim subtrahere coeperunt : ]iio- rum defectio animos ceterorum fregit. Itaque pelluntur" !• r- sae et mox proelio victi in fugam vertuntur. In qua tione multae captae naves, multae mersae; domum dilabuntur. T > n ' leii I— The fortune on sea or land. 2 — ef, even, ^—gua^, but these, ^—nullus, vain. 5— Supply, j^rassart. 6— The god himself is of this opmion. 7 — To guard their prop- erty and country. S—guodsi, but if. 9 — col/aits viribus, with united strength. 10 — pellere, to compel to retreat. ID. -THE FLIGHT OF XERXES. liacclade perculsum et dubium consilii^ XciXLiii Maidoinus hortatur, ut in regnum abeat, ne quid seditionis moveat fama adversi belli ; sibi CCC millia armatorum lecta ex omnibus copiis relinquat, qua manu aut cum gloria ejus perdomitmuiii se Graeciam aut, si aliter^ eventus fuerit, sine ejus infiTnia^ hostibus cessurum. Probato consilio, Mardonio exercit" - tradi- tur : reliquas copias rex ipse deducere in regnum parat. -^ I Graeci audita regis fuga consilium incuiit pontis interruinpciidi, quem ille Abydi fecerat, ut interclusus r* I'tn aut cum exercitu deleretur aut desperatione rerum"* pacein ] x tt re cogeretur. Sed Themistocles timens, ne interclusi hostes de ;,* : onem in virtutem verterent, eundem ^ervum ad Xerxoni rniut cer- tioremque consilii facit et occupare transitum maturata fui^a jubet. Ille perculsus nuntio tradit ducibus 1 i-nhi - ; ii) ^ rwxxx paucis Abyduin contendit. Ubi cum soluuiiii peiitciii hibcrnis tempestatibus offendisset, piscatoria scapha trepidi ^ trajecit. i — dubius consilii, undecided in his resolution. 2— Or. ^ 151, N. 2. 3 — Without dishonor to him. 4— On account of despair. / y 26o FROM GRECIAN HISTORY. II. — MARDONIUS. PLATAEAE AND MVCALE. Interim Mardonlus Athenienses in spem pacis amicitiamque regis sollicitat. Postquani nullo pretio libertatem his venalem videt, incensis^ quae aedificare coeperant, copias in Boeotiam transfert. Eo et Graecorum exercitus, qui centum millium fuit, secutus est ibique proelium commissum'-. Sed fortuna regis cum duce mutata non est. Nam victus Mardonius veluti ex naufragio cum paucis profugit. Castra plena regalis opulentiae capta sunt. Eodem Ibrte^ die, quo Mardonii copiae deletae sunt, etiam navali proelio in Asia sub monte Mycale adversus Persas dimicatum est. Ibi ante congressionem, cum classes ex adverse* starent, fama ad utrumque exercitum venit, vicisse Graecos et Mardonii copias occidione cecidisse. Confecto bello, cum de praemiis civitatum ageretur, omnium judicio Atheniensium virtus ceteris praelata est. Inter duces quoque Themistocles princeps civitatum testimonio judicatus gloriam patriae suae auxit. I— Supply lis. 2 — At Plataeae 479. j— Gr. g 48. 4— Opposite. I VOCABULAR Y-LATI N W O R DS. A.=Au/us. abduco^ diixi, diictiun, 3, to lead away ; take away ; take or bring with one. abeo, //, itinn, ire, to go away; with- draw ; depart from ; leave off; vanish ; disappear. abhinc, before (see Or. \ 164). abies, itis, the fir-tree. ablgo^ egi, actum, 3, to drive away ; chase away. abjUio, jcci, jectitiu, 3, to throw away; throw down; cast away. ablno, 3, to wash off, or away ; cleanse. abbleo, evi, ^iian, 2, to clieck; do away with ; destroy. abscedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to go away; depart; disappear. abscondo, i, itmn, 3, to hide, conceal. absens, tis, absent ; not here ; in the absence of. absisto, st)fi, st^tum, 3, to leave off; withdraw ; go away. abso/vo, solvi, solutum, 3, to ab- solve; acquit. abst)?it'o, tiniii, 2, to abstain from ; refrain. abstrhho, iraxi, tractum, 3, to draw away. absinn, abfui, abessc, to be absent ; be away ; be at a distance. absiuno, siiDipsi, siiinptinii, 3, to diminish ; destroy ; snatch away ; carry off. Abydus, a city in Asia Minor. ac, (conjunction) and. acadeuiia, ac, an academy ; a gym- nasium for athletic sports near Atliens. accedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to go towards ; come towards ; pro- ceed ; approach ; attack. accendo, cendi, censum, 3, to set on fire ; kindle ; inllame. access lis, iis, an approach ; an advance. accldo, c\di, 3, to happen to ; befall ; encounter ; take place. acc^o, Ivi, itiim, 4, to call to ; call ; send for. acctpio, cepi, cepium, 3, to recei\ e ; accept ; keep ; sufier [injiiriam; cladem), take (to one's self) ; — omen, take warning ; refer to. accipiter, tris, a falcon ; hawk. accld})io, I, to raise a cry ; shout to ; call loud. accommddo, i, to fit; — aj . jputy place on the head ; try on. accubo, 7(1, ttum, i, to recline at table. accurdtiis, a, um, careful ; exact. acciirro, ciwri and cuciirri, cursumy 3, to nm after;— to; — past. acciiso, I, to accuse; reproach. deer, eris, ere, sharp; eager; violent; ardent; zealous; courageous. accrbns, a, nm, bitter ; harsh ; repugnant; repulsive; ill-natured ; painful. Aehaja, ^^=:Achaja, (the name for Greece since the year 146 B. C.) Aeht'ro7i, 6>«//6=Ach^ron, a fabu- lous river in the infernal regions. Achilles, /.y=Achilles, a ce: ted Grecian hero. acies, ei, battle-array ; battle ; an army. aeiftSces, is, a short Persian scimi- tar ; a short sword. Actiticus, a, ujn, of or belonging to Actium ; an Actian. Acliinn, i, a promontory and city in Acarnania. actor, oris, an actor ; performer. addo, d)di, d^tiwi, 3, to put, join or add to. adduco, du.vi, ductuDi, 3, to icu to, towards, near ; move ; permit to go forward. m"- 262 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. f VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 3^ adeo, (adv.) so much ; so far. adeo, h', ?////«, ire, to go to; ( — ali- qiiem) consult a person ; ( — rem) submit or undergo. adhibeo, 2, to apply; employ; ( — fnodiim) to be moderate. adhortor, i, to exhort ; encourage ; incite. adhuc, (adv.) so far ; until now ; as yet. adhno, e)ni, einptiun, 3, to take to (one's self); take away ; deprive. adipiscor, eptus sutn, 3, to reach ; attain ; acquire. adjicio, jl'ci, jcctutn, 3, to join or add to ; place together ; adjoin ; connect. adjungo, junxi, junctuin, 3, to join to something; (—me) join my- self; connect. adjiivo, Jfa'i^ Jutum, i, to assist; support. administration onis, administration. administro, i, to administer ; man- age ; conduct. admirabi/is, ndveo, movi, inotum, 2, to move ; carry ; — riirsus admota prece, after repeated prayer or begging. adn'itor, nisus and ni.vus sum, 3, to take pains; exert; to be troubled. adotescens, tis, young ; a yoimg man. adotescentutus, a, uin, young ; a very young person. adolesco, levi, 3, to grow ; increase. adopto, I, to adopt (a child). adoro, i, to adore ; worship. adspicio, see, aspicio. adsum, adfui and affiii, ad esse, to be present ; be there ; make one's appearance ; stand by ; assist. adutor, i, to flatter; cling to. adi'i^na, ae, a foreigner ; stranger. advl'uio, I'ciii, vention, 4, to come to; arr've. advento, i, to come on ; draw near ; advance ; arrive. adventus, iis, arrival ; appearance ; approach. adz'erstes, a, ion, against; unlucky; unfavorable ; inauspicious ; — vut- fiits adversum^ a wound in or on the breast ; — adverso Jtumifie, against or up the stream, or current. adverto, ti, sion, 3, to pay atten- tion ; turn to. advespt'rascit, it grows late ; night IS commg. adz'ocatio, onis, a calling in ; legal assistance. adi'dco, to invite to ; call in. advdio, I, to fly to; fly past; hasten to. Aecicus, i, Aeacus, king of Aegina; a judge in the infernal regions. aedes and aedis, is, a building; temple ; (in plur.) a house. aedijicium, i, an edifice ; a building of any kind. acdijico, i, to build. aed'itis, is, an aedile ; a Roman magistrate who superintended buildings. ^iiciilii))i, i, an overgarment ; mantel ; cloak. am'icus, a, idu, friendly ; kind ; be- nevolent. amicus, /, a friend. aviitto, m'lsi^ inissiim, 3, to lose. aninis, is, a river; stream. iiff/o, I, to love, (lufior, oris, love ; charity. aifip/tuior, auiple.viis sum, 1, to embrace; entwine; surround; help ; assist. an/p/i/ucio, h/is, largeness ; extent ; greatness. awp/ius, (adv.) more. amp/us, a, urn, considerable ; not- able; ample; large; noble; beautiful. amputo, I, to cut off or away; amputate. ajias. Mis, a duck. atueps, cipltis, doubtful ; uncertain. amilla, ae, a maid ; servant ; slave ; handmaid. an^iiis, is, a snake. a7i^Hstiae, anttn, a narrt)w pass ; narrowness. anicula, ae, a little old woman; gossip. anima, ac, the soul ; spirit ; nu'nd. animadi'crto, verti, vcrsiim, 3, to consider; observe; see; pay attention to; heed. a?ihna/, a/is, a living creature ; animal. a7ii))ius, i, the .soui ; spirit ; mind ; thought; disposition; nature; understanding; humor; courage; — uno ani)no, unanimous, in uni- son ; — habeo in animo, 1 nave in mind; remember. A/iio, Inis, Anio, a river emptying into the Tiber, now theTeverone. au?id/cs, iuin, m. (with or without /ibri), annals; annual register or journal ; the annals of history. anuecto, ne.vui, ne.vujH, 3, to annex ; Join to; fasten to; bind to. afuiona, ac, corn ; grain ; provisions ; supplies. atniuo, iiui, 3, to wink or nod to ; tell or say to. annulus, i, a ring. annus, i, a year. annuus, a, urn, annual ; lasting a year. anser, i^ris, a goose ; gander. ante or antea, (adv.) before ; form- erly ; prior. anfcccdo, cessi, cessum, 3, to sur- pass; excel. an/ceo, ii, )tum, ire, to surpass ; excel; precede. antelucanus, a, uni, before, or at day-break ; early. antcpb)io,posui,positu})i, I, to pre- fer ; place betore. afiiiqu'itas, diis, antitjuity; ancient times. antiquus, a, uni, old ; ancient ; from ancient times. Antiutn, 7,=Antium (a maritime town in Latium). hnus, us, an old woman ; old dame. Apelles, /5.=Apelles, a celebrated painter of ancient times. hpcr, pri, a wild boar. apt^rio, ui, ium, 4, to open -uncover ; reveal. • apertus, a, urn, open ; uncovered ; plain. apis^ is, a bee. Apollo, ?«/5,=Apollo (the god of music, of medical science and of sooth saying, the chief of the oracle at Delphi). apparatus, us, a preparation ; ecpii- page; war equipments; imple- ments of war. 4 VOCABULARY — U\TIN WORDS. 265 appareo, 2, to appear ; show ; make evident; clear. appello, I, to call ; name ; call upon. appeto, petivi, pctiUun, 3, to attempt to seize; try to come up to or with ; attack. appono, posui, positutn, 3, to put or place ; set before ; give in charge; enjoin. apporto, I, to carry ; bring to ; con- vey. appos)le, (adv.) suitably; fitly. apprchendo, di, sum, 3, to seize ; lay hold of; grapple or board a ship. appropinquo, i, to come near; ap- proach. aptus, a, um, proper; fit; apt; convenient; skillful. Apulia, ^^,=Apulia (a country of Lower Italy). dqua, ac, water. Aquae Sextiae, arum, = proper name ( a Roman colony near Massilia, now Aix, in France). aquila, ac, an eagle ; military eagle. dra, ae, an altar. Arabs, &bis, an Arab. ardtrum, i, a plough. Ara.ves, is, the Araxes (a river). arbitrium, i, decision; sentence; choice; free will. arbilror, i, to think; judge; believe. arbor, dris, a tree. Arcadia, rt'd',^Arcadia (a country of Poloponnesus, inhabited by shepherds). arcdnus, a, n}n, secret; private; concealed. arcesso, wi. Hum, 3, to call to; send for. architcctus, i, an architect. Arc hy las, ^7(f,=Archytas (a brave general, philosopher and mathe- matician). arcus, us, an arc; arch; bow; circle. Ardea, rt*?, =Ardea (a city in Latium). ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2, to burn; glow ; — ardere siti, to parch with thirst. arduus, a, um, hard ; difficult; steep. area, ae, a yard ; court ; square ; any open place. desert arena, ae, sand ; sandy sands ; the arena. argenleus, a, um, silvern; made of silver; bright. argcntum, i, silver; silver coin. Argi, onim,=Argos (the chief city of Argolis in Pelopoimesus). arguo, ui, 3, to charge; accuse; affirm; indict. aries, t'lis, a ram; a ram's skin. Ari)ninum, /,=Ariminum ( a town and river in Umbria.) arisla, ae, the beard of an ear of corn ; an ear of corn. Arist'ides, ?.y,=Aristides (an Athe- nian). Aristotcles, /5,=Aristotle (a cele- brated philosopher, native of Stagira). anna, orum, arms ; weapons ; armor. Armenia minor,=Lesser Armenia (a country in Asia bordering on Euphrates). armilla, ae, an armlet ; bracelet. armo, i, to equip ; to arm, tiro,\,\.o\\\\', plough; cultivate. arripio, ripui, repium, 3, to take hold of; tear; seize: to catch or snatch at; to take quickly to one. ars, art is, art ; profession ; science ; knowl- learning; edge; means; cognizance ; skill or art. arte, (adv.) narrov.'ly ; tightly; closely. artifex, ids, an artist ; performer. artuSy «, tirn^ tight ; close ; narrow. artus, umn, joints ; ligament. annim, /, cornland; cultivated field; meadows. arx,cis, citadel ; bulwark ; defense. as, assis, an as, farthing (small piece of money). ascendo, scendi, scensutn, 3, to climb up; ascend. asellus, i, a little or young ass ; a donkey. y^5zVz,« look around; circumspect, louk after a thing ; — aliquid. circumstr'i'po, ui, \tum, to mak^- n noise around; shout around circmnvt'nio, veni, ventum, 4, i<) surround; encompass; defraud; deceive. 2/0 VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. i !■ uDivo/vo, volvi, voliitum, 3, to \v Hid around ; roll ; twist around ; wrap. Circus^ i,\\\Q race; course; circus; — tnaxinius, the circus maximus ; a race-course between the Pala- tine and Aventine hills at Rome. Cirta, fl^,=Cirta (a city of Nt ; i- dia). citdtus, a, uvt, quick ; hasty ; fast. nfo, (adv.) quickly ; swiftly. I'iz'lcus, a, u}}i ; civica corona=a civil crown ; (of oak-leaves), placed on one who saves the life of a Roman citizen. ciz'iiis, e, civil ; of or belonging to a citizen. civiDias, dtis, the civility ; polite- ness ; affability. c'lz'is, is, citizen ; fellow-citizen. civltas, dtis, citizenship ; state ; city ; nation ; rights and privileges of a citizen. clddeSy iSy the defeat ; overthrow ; loss. cla7n, (adv.) secretly; privately. ciatno, I, to cry out; shout; vuhius c/a7nat=^\\\e wound shows plain- ly; betrays. cldtno}\ oris, the cry ; clamor ; shout ; applause. clangor, oris, tlie cry ; noise ; sound of birds and fowls, especially of geese. cldrus, a, um\ clear ; bright; famous; illustrious. classis, is, the fleet ; army ; class. claudo, c/ausi, clausum, 3, to shut ; close. clandus, a, urn, lame ; limping ; maimed. cli'owns, iis, mild; clement; gen- tle ; tame. cletnenlia, ae, the mildness ; clem- ency. C/coptitra, ^^,=CIeopatra, (a queen of Eg\pt). clipeus, I, the !ii' Id; round shield. cloaca, ae, a subterranean canal; sewer ; — }naxi}na=^\\\^ principal sewer at Rome, built by Tar- quinius Priscus. Clusiian, /,=Clusium (a town of Etruria). Codes, ?//j,=Cocles (a surname of Horatius). cactus, a, um, mellow ; tender ; soft ; (from coquo). [coepio) coepi, coeptum, 3, to begin ; commence. coerceo, 2, to keep within limits or bounds ; lock up ; imprison ; con- fine ; surround. cog^to, I, to think ; reflect ; consider. cogndtns, a, um, related by blood. cogfulus, a, um, known. cognomen, inis, the surname. cognosco,gndi>i, guMum, 3, to learn ; find out; recognize; know; ex- perience. cogo, coegi. coaclum, 3, to necessi- tate; force; C(^mpel; drive together; enforce. cohlbeo, 2, to keep back ; check ; arrest. cohors, lis, a cohort, (division of soldiers — loth part of a legion). colldre, is, the collar; necklace. collega,ae, the partner; colleague; companion. colHgo, legi, ledum, 3, to bring to- gether; collect. colDgo, I, to bind; tie together; connect. collis, is, the hill ; eminence. colloquium, i, the conference ; dis- course. colldquor, lociitus, sum, 3, to speak with ; converse. collum, i, the neck ; back of the neck. collustro, I, to illumine ; make clear or bright. colluvies, ei, that which is washed together ; collection of filth ; dirt ; a flood. cdlo, colui, cultum, 3, to build; [virlutem, honor; venerate ; wor- ship ; observe ;) till ; cultivate. colonia, ae, the colony; rural posses- sion ; farm. columba, ae, the dove ; pigeon. columbarium, i, the pigeon-house ; dove-cote. colmnna, ae, the column ; pillar. cdlus, us, the bunch of flax; spindle; (Gr. >, 53- I). VOCABULARY — LATIIx \VORDS. 2- I f.St cdm^a, ae, the hair ; mane (of a Honor horse) ; foliage. comdtus, a, um, hairy ; long-haired. comburo, ussi, ustuni, 3, to burn. comedo, edi, esum, 3, to consume ; eat; spend. cdmes, ilis, the companion ; assoc- iate; partner. comitatus, us, the retinue ; suite ; company. coniltor, i, to accompany; attend; follow. commedtuSy us, the transport ; pro- visions. commeo, i, to go; or come to and fro. commigro, to wander (about). conunitto, ni'isi, viissum, 3, to in- trust; commit to; give over to; — proelium, commence battle or fight. commoveo, niovt, rnotum, 2, to stir ; excite ; cause troubles ; rouse ; disturb. commun^co, 1, to have in common ; partake ; participate in ; — dolo- rent cum aliquo=\.o cause an- other the same sorrow. communis, e, common ; in common; for all. comoedia, ae, the comedy. compdreo, 2, to appear ; be visible ; — 7iusquani comparuit^=\\Q. en- tirely disappeared ; or, he disap- peared forever. compAro, i,to prepare ; arm ; make ready. compavesco, 3, to frighteii terribly ; or to be frightened. compello,pfdi, pulsion, 3. hj drive together; compel; force ; urge. compensatio, bnis, the compensa- tion ; balancing. comptdes, ium, the fetters; chains. compet'itor, oris, the fellow-candi- date ; competitor. compilo, I, to plunder; rob; pil- lage. compledor, plexus, sum, 3, to em- brace; surround; hug; wind; encompass ; — artius = to em- brace more affectionately. compleo, plevi, pletum, 2, to fill up ; complete; fulfill; — centum annos =live a hundred years. co'tnplures, a great rr 1 ^ compbno ,posui, pos)i r. ^, i . < e; set together; arrange; adjust; layby; to settle a luint r h'- regulate; — ifisidias --=^ tu liy snares; devises; plots. composite, (adv.) orderly; artisti- cally ; good order. composltus, a, um, composed ; calm ; collected. comprehe7ido, (or comprendo), di, sum, 3, to comprehend; con- ceive; tiii ompass ; catch; un- derstand. comprdbo, i, to confirm; approve of; esteem. coficedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to yield ; grant ; submit. concerto, cerpsi, cerptum, 3, to rend or tear to pieces. concha, ae, a muscle ; shell-fish. concilio, i, to unite ; join together ; conciliate ; — pacem = to make peace ; close a treaty. concilium, i, the assembly; couiicil. concito, 1 . to excite ; rouse up ; urge on ; instigate. conclave, is, an a; onent; room. Concordia, ae, iht i m: ord: nercr- ment; harmony. concoi'do, I, to be of the same mind ; agree ; accord. concors, dis, concordant ; agreeing; harmonizing. concurro, curri, cursum, 3, to run or rush together; engage in firrht ; join in battle. concursus, us, the concourse ; rush- ing together ; conflux ; engage- ment. conditio cussi, cussuni, 3. to si; ake violently, condimentum /^anyihiiii^ 10 ^^ a- son food as : spice, sauce, s, (kitchen uo«!i). cofidio, 4, to season ; embellish ; preserve. co?iditio, 0771' . the- r. Jiuiiiiun , state ; place ; i\\\.\\r.\ : tt,;Tms. co7ido, diJ:, .::fw^. I. i^ • '-and; es- tablish ; hide ; conceal. condHco, duxi, ducfum, 3, to hire; rent. 212 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. conf^ro, contidi, colldtum, cofiferre, to bring logetlier ; collect ; or contribute ; {pecuniani) ; — fne= to betake one's self to. conf}i'iOy Jeci, fecttim, 3, to bring about; effect; cause; accom- plish ; finish ; complete ; —fame =to reduce or exhaust by star- vation. confidentia, at\ self-confidence; con- fidence ; reliance; boldness; tryst. conJiieor,/essus sum, 2, to acknowl- edge; confess. coJiJiagrOy i, to be in flames; burn (Intr.) co7ifl'ij^o ,Jlixi .flictum, 3,to contend, strike. co7ifluo^fluxi,fluxiim, 3, to flow or stream together. confddio, fodi, fossum, 3, to pierce through ; harass. confringo, fregi, fractum, 3, to break to pieces ; shatter ; destroy. co7ifrigio,fugi, 3, to flee; to escape by flight. co?igrt'dior, gressus sum, 3, to come together ; contend ; engage to fight. co7igr^go, I, to assemble; congre- gate; bring together. co7igressio^ onis, a coming ; meeting together; combat; attack. conjectura^ae, the conjecture; con- clusion; guess. conjicio^ jeci jectuDi, 3, to cast ; throw towards. conjufigo, j'nu.vi, June turn, 3, to bind ; join ; to unite [alicui). coiijuHX and coujux, coujtigis, the wife; consort; bride; husband. conjurCitio, bnis^ the oath; swear- ing. fonjuralus, t, a sworn person. coHJiuo, I, to tinite under oath ; con- spire ; fonr. a ]>lot. C07lJHX=C07lJu ttx, cofior, I, try or attempt anything; venture; undertake; form great desigiKs. co7iscendo, di, sujn, 3, to mount; ascend ; — 7tavem=to mount a vessel, i. e., go on board, em- bark. coftscientia, ae,\he knowing; con- sciousness ; conscience. cousciscOy sc'ivi, sc'iium, 3, niihi 77ior' tem=co\\6em\\ me to death. coTtsecratio, d7iis, the consecration ; deification. co7isector^ i, to follow; pursue; strive after. conse7iesco, senui, 3, to grow old; live to be very old. co7is^quor^ s'^cfdus sin7i^ to reach ; obtain; strive after; overtake; pursue; follow up. co7ts^ro, semi, sertu)}i, 3, to bring together host i lei y ; — pngna7n or 77ia7iuiti^=X.o give battle ; fight ; contend. couscrx'o, I, to preserve; keep; de- fend ; protect. co7is'ido, sidi, sessuni, 3, to set one's self down; tO sit down; settle; lodge. co7isiliui}i, i, the resolution ; {capio =catch; encompass), plan; in- spection ; council ; advice ; (plur.) =designs; decrees, etc. conspectus^ us, the seeing; looking at; view; sight; in oiimium coti- spectu=.\n the presence of all. consp)cio, spexi, speciu}7i^2>y to look at attentively; perceive ; observe. consplcor^ i, to perceive; observe. co7isph'o, I, ^7ie, roll; roll or coil u[) or together. co7ista7itia, ae, the firmness ; con- stancy ; perseverance ; firm char- acter; fortitude; resolution. co7istat, coustltif, it is well-known ; agreed upon. co7istef'7to, I, to frighten; perplex; dismay ; confuse. co7istituo, 3, to place ; set ; erect ; found ; build ; regulate ; appoint ; resolve ; fi.x ; obtain. co7isto, stUi, I, to stand together; stand firm. construo, struxi, sir uc turn, 3, to construct ; erect. Co7isualia, iufn, (p. n.)=feast of Consus (a god); ludi — a play in honor of Consus. co7tsuesco, suevi, suetm7i, 3, to accustom one's self; suevi=\ am accustomed. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 273 co7isuetudo, \7tis, the custom ; habit. co7isul, /?/w,==consul (chief magis- trate of Rome). co7isuldris, /.y,=consular ; of con- sular rank. co7isuldtusjis, the consulship; con- sulate. co7isulo, co7isului, C07isultum^ 3, to consult for, or care for any one; {alicui), question ; inquire ; {in aliquei7i), act against any one ; — ()07ii aliquid=.\o predilect ; be partial; be satisfied with. co7isulto, I, to consult; confer; de- liberate. co7'.sullu}7i. t, — se7ialus=decreQ of the senate ; resolution. consUmo, su77ipsi, suniphwi, 3, to eat up ; consume ; waste ; de- stroy ; exhaust ; spend ; squan- der, etc. co7il^go, texi, lecUmi^ 3, to cover ; cover up or over. co7ile)7i7io, letnpsi, lemplut7i, 3, to condemn ; scorn ; despise ; slight; undervalue. co7ite77iptus, us, scorn ; contempt ; • disdain. co7ile7ido, le7idi, le7ilum, 3, to strain ; exert; strive; fight; contend. conle7ilio, d7ns, the straining; effort ; exertion. coute7ilus, a, U77i, strained ; satisfied ; content. conlerreo, 2 to frighten violently; terrify. co7ittneo, ui, 2, to keep in bounds ; contain. co7iti7igo, Dgi, laclu7}i, 3, to hap- pen ; fall to the lot of. co7ili7iuo, (adv.) directly; immedi- ately. co7ilio, d7iis, the popular assembly, (of the people) or army. co7ilra, (prep.) against; on the op- posite side. contrad'ico, dixi, dichmt, 3, to con- tradict. co7it7-&ho, baxi, lraclu77i, 3, to draw or bring together. contueor. lullus su77i, 2, to look, or gaze at. co7itumelia, ae, the insult ; affront ; abuse; scorn. re gam co7ivalesco, valui, 3, to health ; gain strength ; becorne or grow strong. co7ive7iae, a7'u7n, the assembly, or crowd of strangers. co7iv^7tio, vhii, ve7itu77i, 4, to come together ; fit ; suit ; agree. (Gr. § 190.) co7ive7lo, ve7'li, versu7n, 3, to turn ; turn around; bring to; shake; toss ; — i7i }}ie ani77ios oculosque 077i7iiur7i=i\\\ hope is placed in me. co7iviciu»i, i, the loud cry or noise ; chirping; hissing; screechinir; (all such sounds). conv'iva, ae,\.\\^ guest ; fellow-guest. conviviu77i, i, the feast; banquet; repast. co7wh>or, I, to feast together, eat. co7ivdco, I, to call together; con- vene ; convoke. copia, ae, the abundance ; plenty ; copiae, a7'U77i=ihe troops ; forces ; army ; power. copibse, (adv.) copiously; abund- antly. cdquo, coxi, coclu77i, 3, to cook ; prepare for table; coclus=^m^\- low ; tender ; soft. Cori7ithius, a, wu, Corinthian. Co7'i7il/ins, i^=Cori7ith, (a cele- brated commercial city of Pelo- ponnesus). Co7'7iiculd7ius, a, um,=={'roTn Corni- culum, (a town of^ Latiiim). cor7iix, lets, the crow. cornu, us, the horn ; horns ; antler. cornulus, a, U77i, horned. corbjia, ae, the wreath ; crown. corono, i, to crown with garlands; crown. cotpus, dris, the body ; corpse ; human body. corr^go, rexi, reclu77i, 3, t^ k. better; correct. * cor7')pio, ripui, repiu77t, 3, to seize; take hold of corru77ipo, rUpi, ruplum, 3,1 : u ; gain over. corruo, rui, 3, to break down ; heap together; ruin. corlex, )cis, the rind ; bark ; skin. corvus, i, the raven ; crow. 274 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. rrj adv.), to-morrow. cf-a^lifu^^. u h^ii. nf to morrow ; to- morrow. crrhrrsco, crebriii, 3, to become In |upnt ; increase. cred^' didi, ditum, 3, to believe; creduliis,a //';/, credulous; credi- ble. creo, 1, 10 choose; elect; create. ere SCO, crevi, cretum, 3, to grow ; increase. Cr'eta, ae,^ ( ' (an island). crinis, is, the hair (of the head). Crdio, bnis, = Crotone (town in South-Italy). cruciatus, wj, the torment ; torture ; pain ; anguish. . r.v. , . 1, to torture; torment. iyudeHs,e, cruel ; unmerciful ; inhu- man. fna/r/)las, diis, the cruelty; bar- harity. ( rudiis, a, ion, raw; unripe; green. , /«5, a, um, stained with blood ; bloody. cruor, oris, the clotted blood gore ' b'<><>. : tiH 5.niilt : blame; fault « iH/''r-. :t ■ ni'- i ;-''i'Hn^; reverence i ioy (conj.), \vli» n ; as ; although ! n ; after. //i..A ' T to linger; tarry; loiter f////c//r , ;!. hui, collectively; all altogetiii r cupidUas, a/is, ihe longing; desire t/./).>/v ', uni, desirous or iong- !v: ! ! homething; (alicujus rei), //^ • (ad\ ) hastily; rashly; i • a i: « • ■ ! \- . ^7*,'^;' ', mp]::!, o: ( upii, cup'itum, 3, u. J^'-a •■„ \7i-^t-. arave. f'i '' , ■ vidv. /, ua; \ i ui.r ar. the care , -..Sicitude ; care- aires,iuin,= Cures (the capital of the Sabines). curia, ae, the curia (one division of the Roman people; senate- house of the curiae). , ; r///5, ij^Curius (conqueror of the Samnites). euro, 1, to care for, be solicitous; administer. curro, cucurri, cursum, 3, to run; rush. currus, us, the chariot ; car ; wagon, cursus, us, the running; course. custodia, ae, the guarding ; watch- ing ; protection ; guard ; shelter. custodio, 4, to watch over ; guard ; protect. custos, bdis, the guard; keeper; watchman. cMis is, the skin ; hide ; leather. Cyclops, apis, the Cyclop. cygnus, i, the swan. Cyn)cus, i, the Cynic; the cynic philosopher. Cyps^lus, /,=Cypselus, (a tyrant of Corinth). 1^, Ddinnaiio, onis, the condemnation ; sentencing. damfio, I, to declare guilty; con- demn ; sentence. Darius, i,=Darius (a Persian king). dea, ae, the goddess. d'ebeo, 2, to owe ; be indebted ; ought; should. debVis, e, maimed ; crippled ; weak- ened. decedo, cessi, cei,sum, 3, 1- j 4 as av ; depart, retire; die; di' at u S ^'t ■ ! ^ ^ i [• 1 ii,\ ;..:• ., , ■■ /.a \. to lai! sa a\a' or a . > ; 1 a *:;!-, -. . a a N ^ (i p' ■, ' ■ .-"a. ' a/^";.a/., 3, lu delude; a . a oa, tfoming; fitting; decorous ; tine. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. a i decretum, i, the decree ; sentence ; resolution. decurro, curri and cucurrt, cursnm, 3, to run down; move quickly dow li. d^cus, dris, the ornament; splen- dor ; glory ; honor. deditio, onis, the surrendering; capitulation ; — accipio urbeni in deditione^n=\.o admit one to sur- render. dedo, dldi, d'ituni, 3, to deliver up ; abandon ; — w^=give myself up ; surrender (under good < Id conditions); subject myseii. dedHco, duxi, ductuin, 3, to lead off; conduct ; lead ; accompany ; lead away ; — coloniani =to found a colony. defatigo, I, to make weary; fatigue. dcfectio^ ofiis, a falling off; defec- tion ; apostasy; — 5^/w=eclipse of the sun ; — sol de/lctl=the sun darkens, or becomes eclipsed. defendo, ndi, nsum, 3, to ward off; defend. defensio, onis, defending ; defense. def^ro, tuiiy Idtum^ferre, to draw; carry to, down or along; trans- fer ; bring over ; — de/eror=\.o be driven out, or farther out (to sea) ; to reach. de/lcio, feci, fectuni, 3, to fall off; become faithle.ss ; revolt ; be weak; |>owerless; helpless. deJiecto,Jiexi,flexuin, 3, t t a-n off or aside; bend; bow; turn. deformis^ e, deformed ; shapeless. deforni\tas, dtis, the ugliness ; de- formity ; dishonor. deinceps, (adv.) foil* aa a ap. a , in succession; one .a: ladier; ai order. deinde And dein, (adv.) hereupon; afterwards. dejlcio,jeci,jt /'r "^ , a i' o as! aa-; n gives me 1 k arc d'eleo, de/cii, uc u cuhi, 2, to destroy ; ruin ; exterminate ; blow out ; efface. de/iciae, anon, delight ; enjoyment ; pleasure. dellgo, legiy lectuin, 3, to select ; choose. del'iro, i,toba ara/\ : aMMi-!; ; rave. delitesco, litui, ; i . a:- c hid. Delphi, aaa;y/, .^: k^i k ,ai a (ik*.-- brated touai of kkot,7>, with an orack- ' A y\p, I, to intrust; corrnat a ; o:ive in rharef^. dtnientia, at\ da: nuidness; folly; craziness. demergo, a;ar a u rsuin,'^,\.o€\v\L\ plunge iiit< t . dc)nergor=\0 sink beneath or under. denil^to, messmn, 3, to mow ; cut off; reap. demh'or, i, to wonder; k. niaz d at. demo, denipsi, dcmptum. -x^ to take away or off. De>noslht'nes, is,= 1 ka a : k :a >i celebrated 1 « k a ,r). i'fi'iulcfo, 2, !" -aroke widi t'le hand; caress; k^ !: kVa;a.:,: uiki the tongue. <'/kaava/, (adv.) i a'^to ; i-jiitaly. dc^.u/'ius, i, (a Rian.ai coiiij 10 asses=about 15 c nt- defiivii', I , \\) vwwuii'i .\i'- wall ex- actness ; laa aa,., detiiqiic. i.idw^ U\r,vA\ \ k^-k-- at last. dens, lis, the t' .< ^t^. • { ,-yj.,^ i/ensi/s, a. u)u^ aiar-v , aii.. a . ak>^c , ( . -aaiaat^ deuunlio, a t • announce; d« k a< ; notify. denuo, (adv.) anew , afresh ; a^ain ; once more. depecul' 1 , 1 t rob; plunder, era- De/.ar. tfff^'y-^. a'o ■•'ak ka.akv ?'/, ", to !av or ont ( a a\'a , a a* a ' " 1 • (i'r/'-ijp.'t/i/r,, I ti > ia dcpo{)ukite. dcposllum, i, a deposit I 2'j6 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 277 depr^cor, i, to entreat ; beg ; pray ; beseech ; ask. deprehendo or deprendo, di, sum, 3, to seize ; catch ; detect ; surprise. derideo, r'lsi, r'lsum, 2, to laugh at ; deride ; scoff at. descendo, scendi, scensiim, 3, to come down ; descend ; enter or take part in something (/;/ rem). dest'ro, semi, sertuni, 3, to forsake ; desert, {belluni) llie army ; give up fighting ; leave off; give up ; abandon. desilio, sitiii, 4, to leap down ; leap from. deslnOy sivi, sltiim, 3, to leave off; cease ; give up, deslpio, 3, to be silly ; foolish ; act foolislily. dcsisio, stUi, stllmn, 3, to leave off; cease ; desist. desperaiiOy onis, the hopelessness; despair. despero, i, to lose hope; despair {de re, of something). despu'io, speAi', spectiim, 3, to look down upon; look down; con- temn ; despise. destruo, strnxi, structum, 3, to pull down; destroy; demoHsh. desum, deesse, to be wanting; to fail ; ^o away. det^go, 3, t > uncover; lay open; detect; disclose. detcrgeo, iersi, tersum, 2, to wipe off or away. deterreo, 2, to frighten off; deter. detlneo, iiniii, tentutn, 2, to hold fast ; keep back ; detain ; enter- tain ; anmse. detrdho, tra.vi, tractuni, 3, to draw off; carry away; diminish; lessen. Deucalion^ <9«zi^,=Deucalion (a king of Thessaly, who, with his wife Pyrrha, alone survived a universal flood sent by Jupiter), Deus, iy God ; — dens, t, a god. devinco, v'lci, victuin, 3, to conquer entirely ; overcome : subdue. div^co, I, to call away ; invite. devdro, i, to swallow down; gulp down ; devour. dexter, a, um, right ; to the right, (not left). dextra, ae, {f nanus), the right hand. diadenia, atis, the diadem. DiCilis, e, belonging to Jupiter; — Jlanien=2i priest of Jupiter. Diana, a:^,=Diana, patroness of hunting and < ! the woods. d^ico, I, to announce ; publish ; con- secrate ; devote ; bless. d'lco, dixi, dictum, 3, to say , speak ; pronounce; call; name; nomi- nate; appomt. dictator, <>r/j,=dictator (at Rome a person or a magistrate invested with unlimited power in times of great emergency). dictlto, I, to say again and again; say very frequently ; assert ; maintain. dies, ci, a dxy. dijffc'ro, distii/i, dildtum, differre,^= to shift; displace; delay; defer; decide (Gr. ^ 124). diffic^tis, e, hard ; difficult ; danger- ous. diffindo,/1di,Jissuvt, 3, to split; di- vide ; open. dijffigio.Jugi, 3, to fly in disorder; disappear; desert. digitus, i, a finger ; toe ; claw. digfiltas, litis, the worthiness ; dig- nity ; splendor ; honor ; magnifi- cence ; beauty. diguus, a, um, worthy ; deservmg. digrt'dior, gressus sum, 3, to de- part ; go away. dijudico, I, to judge between; dis- tinguish ; decide. dildbor, lapsus sum, 3, to fall apart ; disappear; decay; disperse. dilanio, i, to tear to pieces; rend; lacerate. dillgens, tis, attentive ; diligent ; careful. diligeutia, ae, the carefulness ; dili- gence. dil^go, lexi, tectum^ 3, to love ; es- teem ; value. dilucescit, diluxit, 3, to begin to dawn; grow light or clear. dim)co, I, to fight; combat; strug- gle ; contend. *.. dimitto, mlsi, missujn, 3, to send away; send; let go; dismiss; release ; set at liberty ; let fall. Diogenes, ^s, =:Diogenes (a cele- brated Greek philosopher.) Dioml'des, 7.s-,=Diomedes (a king of Tlirace). diripio, ripui, reptutn, 3, to plunder ; pillage ; rob. diruo, rui, ututn, 3, to pull to pieces ; destroy ; disturb. d'lrus, a, um, fearful ; terrible ; dreadful. dis, diiis, rich. discedo, cessi, cessum, to go away ; draw off; — superior or victor= to remain conqueror or victor; gain victory ; ^terra discedit= the earth opens. discerpo, cerpsi, cerptum, 3, to tear to pieces. discessus, us, a separation ; de- parture. discidium,i,?i tearing asunder; a distraction ; dissention ; discoid. discindo, scldi, scissum, 3, to tear asunder; split; separate; disa- gree. discipl'ma, ae, instruction ; educa- tion ; discipline; custom ; knowl- edge. discipulus, i, a scholar disco, did), ci, 3, to learn ; know ; experience. discordia, ae, a discord ; disagree- ment. discordo, i, to be at a variance; disagree ; differ ; — ab aliquo=Xo fall out with some one dispar, aris, unlike; dissimilar; different. dispergo, si, sum, to scatter ; dis- perse. displiceo, 2, to displease. dispono, posui, positum, 3, to set in order; arrange. disputo, I, to dispute; debate; dis- cuss. dissensio, cmis, a dissension; dis- cord ; disagreement. dissero, 3, to spread; place here and there ; distribute. dissimilitudo, inis, an unlikeness ; difference. dissimulo, i, to dissemble; hide; conceal. disslpo, I, to scatter; disperse. dissotutus, a, um, dissolute ; care- less ; negligent. distribuo, 3, to distribute ; divide ; deal out. cMu, (adv.) long ; comp. diutius. diuturfiltas, dtis, a length of time ; duration; lastingness. diuturniis, a, um, long; lasting. diversltas, dtis, a diversity ; disa- greement. diver sus, a, um, opposite ; contrary. dives, ^tis, rich, valuable. dizndo, div'isi, div'isum, 3, to divide ; separate. divinatio, dnis, the divination ; presentiment. divinltus, (adv.) by divine provi- dence ; divinely. div'mus, a, um, divine ; celestial. divitiae,arum, riches; wealth; tax; duty. do, dt'di, datufn, d^re, to give ; be- stow; grant ; — me do/ori=give up to sorrow ; grieve ; — ( see also bestia 7\\\i\ poena). ddceo, docuij doctum, 2, to teach ; instruct. docdis, e, docile ; apt to learn. doctor, oris, a teacher ; instructor. docutnentiDH, i, a lesson ; pattern ; example. doleo, 7, to grieve ; to sorrow ; to pain. ddtor, oris, pain ; sorrow ; grief. dolosus, a, um, artful ; deceitful ; cunning. dd/us, i, a trick ; artifice ; deceit. domestlcus, a, um, domestic. doniina, ae, a mistress ; lady ; dame. domlnor, i, to rule; govern. domlnus,i,?i master; lord; director. dontitor, oris, a tamer; subduer; concjueror. ddmo, domui, donntum, i, to tame; subdue; conquer. ddmus, us, a house ; domi=cit home ; in one's country ; domuni ^=towards home ; homeward. donee, (conj.) until; as long as. dbno, I, to present; grant; besujw. donum, i, the gift ; present. 2-]"^ VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 279 Dor tenses, ///;//, -rrrthe Dorians. il<.>i inio, 4, to sleej) ; repose. dbs^ btis^ a dowry; endowment. Driico, i;///5,^^Dracon (Athenian law-giver). drAco, onis, the snake ; serpent ; dragon. dubUOy I, to hesitate; doubt. * dubitis, a, um, wavering, doubtful — sine dubio, without doubt; most certain. duco, xi, ctiim, 3, to lead ; take with esteem. dudiim, (adv.) a short time ago; lately. dulcis, e, sweet ; agreeable ; attrac- tive; charming. diim, (conj.) while; as long as; until. duprico, I, to double. dioifia, ae, hardness; an austere mode of life. durus, a, utn, hard ; unfeeling ; hard hearted. diaonvui^ oruni, a commission of two persons for dir^charging some office, es{)ecially for pun- ishing criminals ; magistrates. dux, iicis, leader ; commander-in- chief; general. T Eb^nus, /, ebony-tree ; ebony. ebrit:tas, alls, drimkenness. ebriiis, a, iini, drunken; drunk; intoxicated. eburneiis, a, ion, of an elephant; ivory. ecce, (interj.) behold; see. ed'u'o, dixi, dictum, 3, speak out ; order; command. edictuin^ /, proclamation ; edict. edisco, edidui, 3, learn by heart. edo, d}di, dl/in/i, 3, give out ; emit ; throw out; turn towards; {e/a- dem, make a slauuliter) ; to pub- lish ; disclose. edticOy I, bring up ; rear. educOy xi, cfuni^ 3, lead or bring out ; lead away. effirOy exttili^ elatnin, efferre, bring or carry out; brini^- forth ; carry ; {/ruges, fruit) ; pronounced ; (verbum, a word), to bury. elatuSy a, ww, puffed up ; proud. efficiOy jfeciy fection, 3, execute v accomplish ; complete ; effect. effigieSy eiy likeness ; portrait ; form. efflOy I, breathe out; — aniniam= to give up the ghost; to die. effodiOy fbdi, fossuui^ 2, dig out; dig up. ^If^*^io, fjigi, 3, flee away ; escape. IgeOyCgiiiy 2, suffer want ; be in need of {re). egr^dior, gressits sum, 3, go out; come out ; march out ; move out. egregie, (adv.) excellently ; exceed- ingly ; beautifully. egregius, a, utn, excellent ; emi- nent. ejiciOy jeci, Jectutn, 3, cast out; drive out. eldbor, lapsus sum, 3, fall out ; slip away ; {e sedibus signi, from be- neath the statue); disappear; vanish. elegantcr, (adv.) with taste or choice ; elegantly ; ff nely ; beau- tifully. elephantus, i, an elephant. Eleusiuiu's, a, utn, Eleusinian. Eleusis, /«/j,=Eleusis (a town of Attica). ehciOy ui. Hum, 3, to entice or draw out; coax out; conjure; call out. EliciuSy z,:=Elicius (a surname of Jupiter). ellgOy legiy ledum, 3, to pick out; choose ; select. eldquens, lis, eloquent. eloquentiay ae, eloquence; the art of speaking with energy and dignity. eludOy lusiy lusum, 3, to cheat ; de- ceive ; mock ; deride ; get out of the road ; (alique'm) . ElysiuSy a, um, Elysian. e)naturesco, ematurui, 3, to grow ripe; ripen. em)co, ui, atum, i, to spring out or forth ; shine forth. ejulgro, I, to emigrate; remove; wander. em)neo, ui, 2, to project; stand forth ; be eminent. emitlo, m'lsi, missmn, 3, to let loose; let go; set free; let fall. ^vio, emi, emptum, 3, to purchase ; buy. en^co, necuiy nectum, i, to kill; de- prive of life ; torment to death ; torture; — enecor /ame^=^lo die of hunger; starve to death. ^nim, (conj.) for; namely; (usually placed after one or more words m a sentence). ensiSy is, a sword. enuni^ro, i, to reckon; count up; enumerate ; narrate. enunliOy i. to say out; tell (a se- cret) ; spread abroad : disclose. eo, (adv.) there; in that place. EpaminofidaSy ae,=^ Epaminondas, (a celebrated Theban general). EphesiuSy a, um, Ephesian. EphltsuSy /,=Ephesus, (a Grecian city in Asia Minor). ephippium, i, a horse cloth ; saddle. EpidauruSy z^Epidaurus (a city in Greece with a temple of Aesculap). epildguSy i, an epilogue ; conclusion of a speech Epirotae, aru77i,=the Epirotes (in- habitants of Epirus). Ep'irus, ?,=Epirus (a country in the northwest of Greece, now Albania). episldlUy ae, a letter; epistle. epiilae, arum, food ; meal ; feast. (tques. Vis, the horseman ; rider ; equestrian. equester, striSy sire, equestrian ; be- longing to a nde\—proeliu7n equesfre=^a. cavalry-battle, or a battle with cavalry. equ\dem, (adv.) certamly; surely; no doubt. equildtuSy us, cavalry. i^quuSy I, a horse; steed. erddOy rasiy rasum, 3, to scratch or rub out; eradicate; extirpate. ergo, (conj.) therefore; conse- quently. eripio, ripui, reptunty 3, to snatch ; tear from, away, off"; to steal ; rob. erro, i, to deviate ; go astray ; err; mistake. error, oris, a straying ; wandering ; mistake ; error : delusion ; false notion ; laulL. ertidiOy 4, to cultivate; instruct; teach. erumpo, rupi, rtipium, 3, to break or burst fortli : rush out : break out. ErymanthiuSy a w;/, =Er>Hhui' thian, from Eryni.iiihus (a moun- tain ill Arcadia). escay ae, food ; bait ; fodder. Esquiliae, aru>n,=the Esquiline, (the largest of the seven hills of Rome). esurio, 4, to desire to eat ; to hun- ger ; be hungry. ely (conj.) and, also; el-el^^andy also ; as well, as ; both, and. etiam, (conj.) also ; likewise. etiamsiy (conj.) if even; even if; although. efidfufunc, [con].) sti-l • f\r • n. Etruria, «eo,bui,2, to be very hot; glow ; burn. festino, I, to hasten; make quick. festivus, a, um, festive ; cheerful ; witty. fetidlis, e, fetial ; jus — fetial rites. fictilis, e, made of clay; earthen; —fictile, is=^2Xi earthen pot or vessel. f'lcus, i, a fig. f'ldes, Hyi2S.{\\ ; confidence ; fidelity ; word; vow; promise of protec- tion ; security — accipio aliqueni i?i fde}n=rQ6uQQ. tocapitulation ; 282 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 283 < apitulate ; surrender (on favora- ble or unfavoral i* conditions); — habeo Jidem-—i have faith ; confidence ; or I trust in. fiducia, ae, trust ; confidence ; reli- ance. /idus, UyUm, trusty; faithful; safe; sure. Jigo, fixi, Jixurn, 3, to fix ; fasten ; shoot; kill. Jilia, ae, daughter. Jilidla^ ae^ a little daughter. Jilius, /, a son. JingOy finxi, fictuni, 3, to form shape; portray ; figure; model represiiii in brass (a statue) imagine ; conceive ; delude ; feign invent ; — ars Jingendt=sti\tuary sculpture ; — amor Jictus^\y^o- critical or feigned love. fjtiio, 4, to end ; finish. J'lnis, is, an end ; boundary (cf. Gr. 'i 52). Jimthniis, a, tnn. neighboring; bordering on. finituHus, /, the neighbor. /'lo, /actus sum, fi^ri, to become ; happen ; take place. Jirmo, I, to make firm; secure. Juinus, a, u}n, firm ; steadfast ; un- shaken. Jiscus, t, a basket ; public treasury. Jlaglto, I, to demand; insist upon. Jlagro, I, to burn; blaze; glow. flruHcn, hiis, the fiamen ; a Roman j)riest (of a particular god). Jianifna, ae, a fiame; firebrand; glow. JJavesco, 3, to turn or become yel- low ; gold-like. flccto, Jlexi, Jlexum, 3, to bend ; bow ; turn ; curve ; give another tune ; tune anew. JleOy Jiei'i, fletum, 2, to weep ; moan ; lament. Jidreo.Jlorui, 2, to blossom ; bloom. Jibs, jibris, a blossom or flower. Jluctuo, I, to move to and fro; wave; undulate. JfumcHy inis, a stream ; river. Jluvius, /, a running water; river. foctdus, i, a little hearth ; coal-pan ; offering pan ; grate ; fire. /dcuSy i, a heartli ; fire-place. /ddio, fbdi, /dssum, 3, to dig; dig up or out. foedus, dfis, a league ; treaty ; truce. foedus, a, um, foul ; disgraceful ; abominable. folium, /', a leaf. fons, tis, a fountain ; spring ; well. fdres, um, a door ; gate. fdriy arum, rows of seats in the circus. fdris, (adv.) outside ; out of doors. forma, ae, form ; shape ; beauty ; fashion ; — iineametttorufn = a sketch; historical tale. formica, ae, an ant. formido, hiis, fear ; terror ; dread. formo, I, to form ; shape ; train. formositas, atis, beauty. formbsus, a, um, beautiful; hand- some. fors, tis, a chance ; fortune ; hap ; (abl.) forte, accidentally ; by chance. fortis, e, brave; strong; cour- ageous, fortitiido, htis, strength; bravery; courage. fortuna, ae, chance ; luck ; fortune. fortutidtus, a, um, fortunate ; lucky. fdrum, i, a market-place ; forum, a place where justice is dealt out. fdrus, cf. fori. fossa, ae, a ditch ; trench. fdveo, fbvi, fbtum, 2, to warm ; keep warm. friigor, oris, a crackling sound ; crashing. frango, fregi,fractu)u, 3, to break ; break to pieces ; crush ; weaken. frdter, tris, brother. fraus, dis, deceit; cheating; fraud; artifice. frc})iltus, us, a grumbling ; mur- muring. frenutn, i, a bridle ; bit ; check ; (cf. Gr. ^ 53, 3). fr^tum, t, a straight; channel; sound. Frider'icus, /,=Frederick. frigldus, a, um, cold ; cool ; chilly ; frosty. fr'igus, dris, cold ; frost ; winter. frons, dis, foliage ; leaves ; bough ; twig. frons, tis, the brow ; forehead ; front. fructus, us, enjoyment ; advantage ; profit ; gain ; fruit. frugalttas, dtis, temperance ; fru- gality. frug)fer, a, um, fruitful ; fertile. frumentum, i, corn ; grain. fruor, 3, to enjoy ; take delight in (re). frustra, (adv.) in vain ; to no pur- pose, etc. frux,frugis, fruit; produce (of the earth; cf. Gr. ^48). fUga, ae, flight; exile; banishment. fUgio, i, 3, to flee ; take flight ; es- cape ; avoid ; shun ; give way ; turn out. fUgo, I, to put to flight; drive off or away ; repulse ; repel. fulgeo, fulsi, 2, to shine; glitter; —fu/get=\\. lightens. fuhneJi, hiis, lightning ; thunder- bolt. fundley is, a wax taper ; torch. funditus, (adv.) from the founda- tion ; entirely ; completely. fundo,/udi,fusum, 3, to pour out; overthrow ; rout ; vanquish ; shed (tacrimas). fundus, i, a piece of ground ; field. fungor, 3, to manage ; conduct ; fulfill; — mu?iere=a duty. fUnus, eris, a burial; interment; funeral. fur,furis, a thief. furax, dcis, thievish ; inclined to stealing. furcftta, ae, a forked prop ; narrow pass, stay ; (cf. Caudinus). Furia, ae, a fury ; goddess of re- venge. ffiro, 3, to rave ; rage ; be furious ; be mad. furtum, i, stealing; theft. futllis, e, untrustworthy; uncer- tain ; precarious ; vain ; void ; transient. futurus, a, um, future. U. G= Gajus. Gabii, ^r«w=Gabii, (a town of Latium). galea, ae, a helmet. Gallia, a(?=Gallia (the country of the Gauls). gall'ina, ae, a hen ; chicken. gallinaceus, a, um, relating to ^om\- ivy;—pullus=2i pullet; chicken. -, G alius, i, a Gaul. garrulus,a, u}n, talkative ; prattling. gaudeo, gav'isus sum, 2, to rejoice ; delight in; to be happy. gaudium, i, inward joy; delight. geminus, a, um, double ; twofold ; — fanus = \hQ double faced Ja- nus (a god having two faces) ; — fratcr^=X\\Q twin brother. g^mo, ui, ttum, 3, to sigh ; bemoan. ghier, i, a son-in-law. gefis, tis, a nation ; race ; people ; tribe ; offspring \—patres mino- rutn gentium = senators of younger generations. ghtus, c'ris, birth ; descent ; race ; origin ; — genus humanum = the human race. Germdni, orum,=the Germans. Genna?iia, ae,=^Genniiny. g^ro, gessi, gestuni, 3, to carry ; convey; have; bear; accom- plish ; perform ; fulfill ; accom- plish {res, things), — bellum^=L , carry on war ; — 7nagistratutn= to discharge the duties of, to hold the magistracy; — rem bene {male)--^io have luck (misfor- tune) in war; carry on war suc- cessfiilly; — inoretn=^\] ' 11 to; give in; yield one's will; comply with; — 7ne 5/r=behave or con- duct myself thus. Geryon, hnis and Gerydncs, ae,= Geryon, (a king of the Spanish Island Erythia). gesto, I, to carry. Glgas, fitis, a Giant. gladidtor, oris, a gladiator ; public fighter. gladius, i, a sword. glans, dis, an acorn or any kind of a nut. 282 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. ^83 capitulate ; surrender (on favora- ble or unfavorable conditions) ; — habeo Jidem=\ have faith ; confidence ; or I trust in. fiducia, ae, trust ; confidence ; reli- J1UH6, a, uui, trustv ; faitliful; safe; sure. fii^o, fixi, fixuni, 3, to fix ; fasten ; >i]i_)ot ; kill. Jilia, ae, d.iughter. filidla, ae, a little daughter. filius, iy a son. Jingo^ fuixi, jictmn, 3, to form shape ; portray ; figure ; model represent \\\ l>rass (a statue) imagine ; conceive ; delude ; feign invent ; — ars Jingefidi^statuary sculpture ; — amor Jictus=\\ypo- critical or feigned love. f'lnio, 4, to end ; finish. finis, is, an end ; boundary (cf. Gr. I 52). finithmis, a, lun, neighboring; bordering on. finitimus, i, the neighbor. J'lo, f actus sum, fi^ri, to become ; happen ; take place. Jin)io, I, to make firm; secure. Jirmus, a, urn, firm ; steadfast ; un- shaken. fiscus, i, a basket ; public treasury. JIagUo, I, to demand; insist upon. Jiagro, I, to burn ; blaze ; glow. fiCimen, tnis, the fiamen ; a Roman priest (of a particular god). Jlamma, ae, a flame; firebrand; glow. Jlavcsco, 3, to turn or become yel- low ; gold-like. Jlecto, Jitwi, Jlexuniy 3, to bend ; bow ; turn ; curve ; give another tune ; tune anew. Jieo, Jlevi, fletum, 2, to weep ; moan ; lament. Jlbreo.florui, 2, to blossom ; bloom. Jids, jibris, a blossom or flower. Jiuctuo^ I, to move to and fro; wave ; undulate. JiuiHcn^ inis, a stream ; river. JJuvius, z, a running water; river. foctilus, i, a little hearth ; coal-pan ; offering pan ; grate ; fire. /dcuSy i, a hearth ; fire-place. fddio, fbdi, fdssum, 3, to dig; dig up or out. foedus, eris, a league ; treaty ; truce. foedus, a, um, foul ; disgraceful ; abominable. folium, /, a leaf y///.y,=Hanno, a Carthage- nian. harena, see arena. Hasdrubal, cllis, = Hasdrubal, a brother of Hannibal. hasta, ae, a spear ; lance ; javelin. hand, (adv.), not. haurio, hausi, haustum, 4, to drink ; draw up or out. hedi^ra, ae, ivy. Helvetia, ^-^j^^Helvetia (now Switz- erland). Helvetii, orutn, the Helvetians, (former iniiabitants of Switzer- land). Heraclea. rt-^fj^Heraclea, a maritime town of Greece having a harbor. herba, ae, a herb; grass. //^;r///6'5,?.y,=Hercules, a denugod, the son of Jupiter and the natio- nal hero of Greece; — hercule 1= by Hercules! (an exclamation). heredltas, atis, heirship; inherit- ance; patrimony. heres, edis, an heir ; successor. h^rus, i, a master; lord (i. e., of a household). Hesperldes, urn, = ihQ Hesperides (the daughters of night; they lived on a group of islands in the far west, where they possessed a garden planted with golden apple-trees, which a dragon guarded). hesternus, a, inn, of yesterday. hens, (interj.), helloa! ho! soho there ! VOCABULARY LATLN WORDS. 285 hiatus, us, an opening; aperture; cleft ; gap. hiber?tus, a,u7n, winterly; wintry; of winter. hie, (adv.), here. hiems, ^inis, winter. Hierosolyuia, ^;7^w,=Jerusalem. hine, (adv.), hence ; from this place or from here. hircus,i, a he-goat; buck. Hispani, oruni, the Spaniards. Hispa?na, ae, Spain, (the whole pen- insula, which is divided in two parts by the river Ebro). historia, ae, a record ; narrative ; history; event. hodie, (adv.), to-day Homerus, i, = Homer (celebrated poet, author of Iliad and Odys- see). hdrno, hits, a man ; human being. honestas, dtis, virtue ; honesty. ho7iestus, a, um, honest; decent; honorable ; virtuous. honordtuSy a, um^ respected ; hon- ored. honorifice, (adv.), with honor or respect ; honorably ; respectfully. hdnor, oris, the honor ; distinction ; respect ; high office ; dignity. hdra, ae, an hour. hordeuin, i, barley. horrendus, a, um, dreadful ; fright- ful ; terrific. hor7'ens,tis,hx'\^\\Y, rough; rugged. horribllis, e, horrible ; dreadful ; — horribilia=\\orr or; terror ; fright. hortor, i, to warn; exhort; impel. hortus, i, a garden. hospes, )tis, a stranger ; guest ; host. hospitiiun,i, hospitality ; abode ; inn. host'ilis, e, hostile ; inimical. Hostilius, a, um, of Hostilius ; Hos- tilian, hostis, is, an enemy. hue, (adv.), hither; to this place. humanitas, dtis, humanity ; civility ; politeness. humdnus, a, um, human; earthly; perishable. hiimo, I, to cover with earth ; bury ; inter. humus, i, ground ; earth ; region. hydra, ae, a hydra ; water-snake. Ibi, (adv.) there. ibidem, (adv.) in the same place ; spot. (Ico), lei, ictum, 3, to strike; hit; beat ;—foedus^vv\?iVQ. a treaty. idcireo, on that account; therefore. idblon, i, an image ; form ; spectre ; apparition. igitur, (conj.) accordingly; there- fore ; hence. ig7idrus, a, mn, ignorant of; unac- quainted with. igndvus, a, um, lazy ; indolent ; cow- ardly. ignis, is, fire ; an inflammation. ignobllis, e, ignoble ; unknown ; not famous. ignbro, 1, not to know ; to be igno- rant. ignosco, ignovi, ignotum, 3, to par- don ; overlook ; excuse. Ilias, Mis, a Trojan woman ; He- lena, the Iliad, a heroic poem. illiCy (adv.) there. illucesco, illuxi, 3, to begin to be light; dawn. Illyricum, /,=Illyria (a country). imdgo, mis, an image; likeness; appearance. imbellis, e, unwarlike ; peaceful. imber, bris, a shower; rain. imberbis, e, without a beard ; beardless. imbuo, but, butum, 3, to fill ; fill up; teach ; instruct. imitor, I, to imitate; copy after; represent. immdnis, e, huge ; immense ; vast : monstrous. immanVas, dtis, immensity; en !- mity ; fierceness ; wildness; cru- elty. immatiirus, a, um, unripe ; un- timely. immensus, a, um, immeasurable; immense ; boundless. immerito, (adv.) undeservedly. imynineo, 2, to project ; overhang. immisceo, misctii, mixtum and mw- /«w, 2, to mingle with; mix up; meddle with. 286 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. fUi lissum, 3, to send niiit; sufi'er any- fn:n„; to napp-ii, initndlo, I I ) immolate ; sacrifice. h}unoi-tdlis, t\ immortal ; eternal. iimnortalitas, diis, immortality. i})ipa)\ tiris, uneven ; unequal ; unfit; ibi I ill. itch for (any one). iinpatieniia, u-.:\ impatience. hiipcdiinentiDn, z, i ! 'nderance; check; impediment. imp^dio, 4, to impede ; hinder ; ar- rest ; keep off. impello, puli, pulsum, 3, to impel ; drive forward. impefido, z, sioh, 3, to lay out; ex- pend. impensa, ac, a laying out of money ; cost ; expense. ifiiperdtoi >; . i commander; t n ' ' n -chief; general ; i}}iperatoyius, a, um, of or belong- ns- ! .1 general; imperial; im- j-tciious. i)}iperium, i, an order ; govern- ?r.cnt ; sway ; dominion ; empire ; knii.';dom; supreme power; com- in.ifitl ; decree. ^'>:j^::^ >. L ti.) or-iic! ; ,/. .iiun.tiid ; en- joH; rule; govern; have com- r 1 i; ; over some one {alicui), ?//'-, I, to supplicate; desire. hnpllus, lis, violence ; impetuosity ; fury; rage; attack; onset; as- sault impiirer, gra^ gritm, diligent ; ac- tive ; quick. iynpiugo.pegi, pactmn, 3, to push, strike or bring against any one {alicui). impllco, I, to entwine; enfold; en- circle. itnpdno, posui, posUuni, 3, to lay, set or put on ; erect ; impose \—finetn =bring to am n i end; finish. ifuprdbus, a, uh; 1 . d ; wicked; im- pudent. iiiipro7'U'\ {i\dv.), uiicxpecledly. -' v^, tis, imprudent; unwise ; '' '/. rot marriageable; i^n/M,,.;,-^ , /,.s , iiiii niiiriu : slianieless. imputie, (adv.), without punishment; unpunished. hnpaio, I, to enter in an account; reckon ; charge. indnis, e, vain ; void ; empty ; idle. incenditim, i, a burning fire ; con- flagration ; fire-brand. ince?ido, ce?idi, c ens inn, 3, to kindle ; set on fire ; light with a brand. inceptmn, ;', a beginning ; under- taking. incertus, a, uin, uncerlain. inddi, c)di, cdsum, 3, to fall into or upon ; come upon ; strike or hit on something. inc)pio, cepi, ceptum, 3, to begin; commence ; undertake. incUo, I, to tear open ; burst ; tear; incite ; arouse. inclUus, a, um, fancied ; renowned ; famed. inc/udo, cliisi, c/usum, 3, to include. incd/a, ae, an inhabitant; native. incd/o, colui, cultum, 3, to inhabit. incblumis, e, unimpaired; unhurt; safe. incompositus, a, nrf', disordered; not composed. incredibllis, e, incredible. incredibil\ter, (adv.), extraordinari- ly ; incredibly. incumbo, cubiii, cubVum, 3, to busy ; apply one's self to, or be em- ployed with something (/;/ aliquid or alicui rei). incursio, onis, an attack ; assault. ifide, (adv.), thence ; from thence or that place; hence; therefore. Indi, orum, ^the Indians (a people inhabiting the eastern part of Asia). India, ae,^=lndia, a country in Asia. indicium, i, a disclosure ; evidence. indico,dixi, dictum, 3, to proclaim ; publish; declare; announce. indlgeo, indigui, 2, to need ; be in want. indignor, i, to become unwilling; disdain. indignus, a, um, unworthy ; unde- serving. indo,d'idi, dVum, 3, to put; set; give. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 287 T indoles, is, a natural talent ; dispo- sition. indue o, duxi, due turn, 3, to lead or bring in ; mislead ; induce. induo, 3, to put on ; clothe ; — indu- /«i-=furnished ; indued with. induslriae, ae, diligence ; industry ; exertion; pain; fatigue. ineo, it, ^tuni, ire, to go in ; enter ; begin •,—proeliuni=Xo commence a battle ; — consilium=\.o form a plan or resolution ; — graiia}n= to gain the favor. infdmis, e, defamed ; notorious ; infamous; shameful. infelix, Ids, unhappy. infh'i, orum, the infernal regions. infiro, ifitiili, illdtum, inferre, to carry in ; — bellum = to com- mence a, or make war ; — alicui= to attack any one ; — injuriam= to injure; — pedem=Xo set font upon ; go into ; advance. injesto, i, to harass; annoy; make unsafe. infiyfitus, a, um, boundless ; unlim- ited ; infinite ; numberless. infirmus, a, 21m, weak ; infirm ; frail. i?i/lammo, i, to inflame; set on fire; kindle. infldtus, a, mn, inflated ; puffed up ; proud. injio, I, to blow; inflate. infringo, fregi, fractum, 3, to break; declare invalid 01 n t current (of coin). ingenium, i, a temper; nature; character; talent, humor; wit. ifigens, lis, very large ; immense ; huge; vast; enormous. ingenuus, a, unK Iree-born. ingrdtus, a. n>u. unthankful; un- grateful. ingri^dior, gressus sum, 3, to go in ; enter; set foot or tread upon; intrude. inhaereo, haesi, haesum, 2, to ad- here to ; inhere ; stick in some- thing. inhaeresco, haesi, 3, t., remain fixed ; stick fast. inhumdtus, a, um, unburied. inimicitiae, arum, enmity; hostility. inimicus, a, um, unfriendly ; hos- tile. inim'icus, i, an enemy. in'iquus, a, um, uneven; unequal, unjust. initium, i, a beginning ; commence- ment. injuria, ae, injustice; lujui) , \iu- lence. inndcens, lis, innocent; guiltless; harmless. innumerabtlis, e, innunur;']e; countless. innuo, 2,, to nod to; hint; \ k, intimate. inopinans, lis, not expecting ; unex- pectpf! inopinatu:^, a, idii^ uuc-xp'- i*-' inprhnis, (adv.), ?irsi\ in 1; v ii>,t place ; <--pt;ri,i]i\-. /v.; '.aw I sav Jff, Gr. ^ I29. 2). ifi^..: ::■:''::: - a, insatiable; can nnt be oalisaef!. ifisequor, .saaa///;. ^hin^ 3^ \o luHow up ; pursue; press. inservio, '; 'A<>vYvf :)-• .ha-- ^teP ♦■>, insidiae,ai I'K ,ai ;aiaaa-a aapMr-.- cade : rp'-ta^\ - \ *. a\ insigne, ;i, a mark, ui-liiiCUuii ; badge. visignis. a p ; p remarkable ; ''\\- .■,A.M\vU:ivy , distinguished; eiiiiiicni . a. ac^a. iriso/en^:, /a^^ •;,aa,;at\'; a;Sia(a:t, i '/ ^ : a ;a'< ;• . a, ujh. iaai>a.ii , uricuiii- ai ] , * I ] s P . 1 1 ] '- ^ ^ ' insdno, sonui, i, i a'. chains sound " x>\}\ in chains ; s^iui a. ; a'i>/, -ra \Pexi, specluii^ -,. U./ luuk at ; d* a- aP : p'aze * --w . >fe. instai(r. i . u, a.au-w : i ta>r;:a, institu I \'-: a-ia;^^;-ai : a'-faairp- . ' si' ! lit t" . . : :'-a ■a; t , tt/as 'a visiitu'u'ii , : an HisiPiuiun . ar- 1 ^aapaia- a^ ; |)ian. insto, .^'i,n. , ti^ staiici near: in or on : tra-u£nlu}n, i, aii iiibtrunKait ; tool. instruo, v/aaaa, .,^/;a,, '..■n. \, \i, ar^ range ; adjust 1 a i ami ; equip ; fiirni'^h , — ■ /a eaaa/;« • .. to :is,=\o let :•■ anrthaia ; 288 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 289 prepare for battle ; — bciIum^=io prepare for war. insuavis, e, unpleasant ; disagree- able. insuesco, stievi, suZ'tion, 3, to be- come accustomed to ; get used to. insula, aCyjxxi island. Ditelligo^ li'.vi, ledum, 3, to see into; understand; know; com- prehend ; think. intcnipcries^ ei, intemperateness ; intemiierate or bad behavior. inletido^ lendi, Idnlum, 3, to stretch out ; extend ; spread out ; bend ; strain ; direct ; turn. intentus, a, ton, stretched ; bent. interc^~'erto, ti, sum, 3, to embezzle. intro, I, to go in; enter ; penetrate. introduco, duxi, duetum, 3, to lead into ; introduce. introeo, ii^ itum^ ire, to go into; enter. infrditus, us, a beginning; entrance. intus^ (adv.) within ; in the house; inside. inusitatus, a, uui, unusual ; not customary. inut^lis, e, useless ; fit for no pur- pose. invddo, vast, vdsum, 3, to fall into; invade ; attack ; surprise. i?iVL-nio, veni, ventum, 4, to find out; discover; invent. inverto, verti, versum, 3, to turft upside down; turn over; em- ploy ; use. i?iz')deo, v'ldi, I'lsum^ 3, to envy some one {alieui). invidia,ae, envy; grudge; slander. itivididsus, a, um, envious ; odious. invisus, a, um, hated. /;/^'//t?, I, to invite; entice; allure. iniolticer, criSy ere, fledged ; with- out wings ; unwinged. involvo, volvi, vol u turn, 3, to wrap up ; enwraj) ; intertwine. Icmes,um=:\.\\Q lonians. ira, ae, anger ; hatred. iraeundia, ae, irascibility; passion; wrath. iriitus, a, um, angry. irrujnpo, ri'pi, ruptum, 3, to burst or break in; fall in or upon; attack. irruo, rui, 3, to break or force in. ?/(Z, (adv.), thus; so ; in this man- ner. Italia, a<7//d', (conj.), and so; and thus; hence ; therefore. 4 \tem, iDdeni, just so ; in like man- ner. iter, itin^risy a going ; way ; route ; journey. it^rum, (adv.), again; a second time. ,T Jiieeo, 2, to lie ; lie down. jactus, uSy a throwing; hurling; throw; cast. y'a;//, (adv.), now; already; well then. Janiculum, 7,=Janiculum (one of the seven hills of Rome). j'anua, ae, a door ; house-door. JanuariuSy {mensis), i, January. /dnuSyi,=]dii\\.\Sy an ancient Italic Deity; an arched portico. jejutiuSy a, um, fasting ; empty. jubeo, jussi, Jussutn, 2, to com- mission ; charge ; command ; order. jueunduSy a, um, agreeable ; pleas- ant. Judaei, prum, Jews. Judex, icis, a judge. judicium, i, a judgment, decision. jud^co, I, to judge; decide; pro- claim. jugt'rum,i, ?in acre; juger. jiigum, i, a yoke; cross-beam. Jugurth'mus, a, «;;/,=Jugurthine. jungo, junxi, Junctutn, 3, to join ; unite ; tie together. Junius {mensts)=]\xx\&. Juno, dnisz=]\ix\o, (a goddess- queen, sister and wife of Jupi- ter). JupUer, Jovis ,=]u\)\i&v (the prin- cipal God). juroridsus, a, um, quarrelsome ; brawhng. jurgium. i, a dispute ; debate ; quarrel. j'uro, I, to swear; affirm on oath. jus, juris, right ; — gentium = the laws of nations. jidS, juris, broth ; gravy ; soup. jusjurandum, juris jurandi, an oath. jussu, {alicujus) by the command of some one (cf. Gr. § 48). justitia, f7^, justice; » 4, ity. Justus, a, um, proper; l.iw ul ; just juvenilis , e, youthful. juvhiis, is, a young man \ i]!!]. juvenilis, mis, youXh; young men; a youthful band. li. L.=^Lucius. labor, lapsus sum, 3, to fall ; sink ; slip. labor, oris, exertion; hardship; weariness ; activity ; industry ; diligence ; unclefatie'nbleness ; work ; labor. laboriosics, a, um, active; toilsome; laborious; industrious. laboro, i, to labor; toil; tire out; suffer; — {pestilentia=io be at- tacked by pestilence), to be en- gaged at {id). lac, lactis, milk. Lacedaemon, dnis, = Lacedaemon, (a city of Peloponnesus). Laccdaemonii, drujn,==the Lace- daemonians, (inhabitanis of Lac- edaemon). Lacedaemonius, a, ?/;«,=Lacedae- monian. lac^ro, I, to tear; cut to pieces; lacerate. lacrhna, ae, a tear ; moisture. lacrlmo \, to weep; lament; be- wail. lUcus, us, a lake ; pond ; sea. laedo, laesi, laesum, ;, ' > hurt; harm; injure; oflVnd ; abuse. laetitia, ae, gladness; joy; mirth. laetus,a, um, joyful; c ' t ' rAu ; de- lighted. laevus, a, um, left. lamentor, i, lu wail ; moan. I ana, ae, wool. lanidtus, us, the tearing into pieces; lacerati^ 'n : biri!^;: ; rigoiu , lanificium, i, woik n . iv,.. lap'idat, it rains ston -. lapidcus, a, u}n, of stone ; stone ; stony. lapis, Idis, a st^ 1 laqueus, i, a sn.. t Uiineiil ; u ecp ; 111 1 f ..^ \ 290 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY— LATIN WORDS. 291 largtis, a, urn, abundant ; rich ; copious. laabra, ae, a lurking place ; cover; place of concealment. latebrbsus, a, urn, hidden ; secret. l-iteo, hitui, 2, to lie hidden ; con- cealed. lilter, c'ris, a brick or tile ; — coctus =a burnt brick or tile. latibiiliiin, /, a lurking or hiding place. Lat'ini, oriini, the Latins, (the peo- ple of Latium). Larinus, a, urn, Latin ; belonging to, or of Latium. Latium, /^Latium, (a district be- tween the Tiber and Campania, of which Rome was the capitol). Latbna , ae =L2Xq\va, (a goddess). latro, I, to bark. intra, d7iis, a robber ; highway- man ; brigand. Idtus, a, lun, wide; broad. liltiis, en's, side of men or animals. taui/o, 1, to praise; extol; com- mend ; laud. tauriis, i, a bay ; bay-tree ; laurel. tuHS, dis, praise ; esteem ; good report ; deserved praise. lautus, a, uni, neat ; elegant ; splen- did ; pretty ; beautiful ; noble. lavo, Idvi, laiiium, i, to wash; bathe ; — Pass.=to be washed, or to wash one's self. legdtus, /,=i, an ambassador, 2,) a legate (lieutenant). legio, oTiis, the legion, (a division in the Roman army containing from 4,200 to 6,000 soldiers or men. ISgo, legi, lectuni, 3, to pick out ; choose ; select ; read. Lemniis, j,=Lemnos, (an island in the Aegean sea). linio, 4, to mitigate ; alleviate; suffer. I'enis, e, soft ; mild ; gentle. leritus, a, utn, slow ; lazy. leo, onis, a lion. Leonldas, rt:^,=Leonidas, (a king of Sparta). Leont'inus, a, 7/w,=of, or belong- in,; til Lr- ^:;I;;i, , 1 AMHilinian. lepldus, a u>n, jocose ; witty ; droll. ll^pus, dris, a hare. Lertmeus, a, «?«,=:Lernaean. letdlis, e, mortal ; deadly. Lethe, ^j,=Lethe, (a river in the infernal regions). l^vis, e, light; nimble ; quick; fast. lez'itas, dtis, levity ; lightness. ti^vo, I, to make easy ; lighten ; alleviate; relieve; lessen. /e,r,/egts,ci\a.w ; decree; condition. libenter, (adv.), willingly ; — liben- //V/j=:rather ; more readily. tiber, bri, a book. liber, a, urn, free. libe rd lis, e, noh\e\ generous; lib- eral. liberalUas, dtis, liberality ; kind- ness. libi^ri, orum, children. libera, i, to liberate ; set free. libertas, dtis, liberty ; freedom. libidi?tdsus, a, um, wanton ; volup- tuous; licentious. lib'ido, inis, unbridled ; free will ; passion ; lust. I'lbra, ae, a pound ; balance. Dceor, 2, to bid for anything; {rem), raise ; — licet, liciiit and licl- tum est^i is i)ermitted or al- lowed. ligndtor, oris, a wood-cutter. ligneus, a, uni, wooden ; wood or of WH3od. tig man, i, wood; — caedo ligna=\ fell trees ; chop wood. ligo, bnis, a hoe ; mattock ; grub- axe. Lilybaeuni, /,==Lilybaeum, (a pro- motory and city of Sicily). luncn, hiis, a door-sill ; threshold. lineamentiDn, i, a line; stroke; features. lingua, ae, a tongue. linter, tris, a boat ; skiff. linteuni, i, linen ; canvas. liquor, oris, fluid ; water ; liquid. lito, I, to offer sacrifice under fa- vorable auspices ; sacrifice. littera, ae, a letter (of the alpha- bet) ; — litterae , arum=\\\^ letter; writings ; documents, etc. lUus, dris, the mark or line (on the sea shore) ; shore ; beach ; bank ; strand. 1 /deo, 1, to place ; lay ; set. locuples, etis, opulent; rich. locupleto, I, to make rich; enrich. I6cus,i,2, place; spot; neighbor- hood; (cf. Gr. I 53, 2>)' -locus artus— the narrow passage be- tween mountains. longiludo, hiis, length. longus, a, um, long; spacious; broad. Idquax, dcis, talkative ; gabbling. Idquor, lociitus, sum, 3, to speak ; talk ; say ; converse. lor'ica, ae, a breast-plate ; — cuirass, =coat of mail. lorum, i, a thong; rein; strap; girdle ; lash. lucrum, i, gain; profit ;-^^r/o=-^to win ; gain. luctus, us, mourning ; sorrow. lucubratio, onis, night work. Luctimo, ^«/.y,=Lucumo, (a sur- name of the chief of Etruria). ludlcra (Gr. -^ 61; 2) ars=\\\e art of Ptage-playing; comedy. ludificor, I, to mock ; ridicule ; de- ride. liidus, i, game ; play ; school. lugco, luxi, 2, to mourn ; grieve. lumen, Inis, light. luna, ae, moon. lupus, i, a wolf. /uscinia, ae, a nightingale. Lusita?iia, «^',=Lusitania, (a pro- vince in the west of Spain, at present Portugal). lustro, I, to bring or make clean by a sacrifice of purification ; — exercitum=.\.o review an army ; (inasmuch as this was attended by sacrifice). lux, lucis, light ; day-light ; dawn ; day. luxuria, ae, and luxuries, ei, lux- ury ; riot ; profusion ; extrava- gance. luA'urior, i, to riot; revel. luxuriosus, a, um, riotous ; luxuri- ous ; licentious; immoderate. Zyr//;;;'-//5, /. = Lycurgus, (the law- giver of the Spartans). Lydi,orum=\\\e Lydi«ns,(the peo- ple or inhabitants of Lydia). Lydia, <7^,=rLydia, (a district of Asia-Minor). lyra,ae, a lyre; lute. Lysippns, 7,=Lysippus, (a cele- brated statuary, a native of Li- cyon). Lysimcichus, /,=Lysimachus, (one of the generals of Alexander the Great, and afterward King of Thrace and Pontus). 31. M.=3farcus. Mac^do, bnis, a Macedonian. Macedonia, ^^,=Macedonia, (a dis- trict). A/acedonlcus, a, um, Macedonian. macies, ei, leanness; thinness; meagerness. maereo, 2, to mourn ; grieve ; be sorrowful. maeror, oris, afiRiction ; grief. maglcus, a, um, magic; magical. mhgis, (adv.), more. magister, stri, master; teacher; di- rector ; — - equitum = commander of a cavalry. magistra,ae,a mistress; teacher; school-mistress. magistrdtus, us, an office ; position ; magistracy ; ofiicer ; magistrate ; — Plur. = supreme power; au- thority. magnijlcus, a. um, magnificent; grand ; bea l 1. magnitudo, Inis, greatness ; magni- tude. fnagnus, a, um, great ; large majestas, dtis, highness; dicrnitv; majesty. malacia, ae, a want of wind at ^ea , dead calm ; stillness. maledlco, dixi, dictum, 3, to revile ; speak ill of; put one to shame ; {alicui). maledictus, a, ;/;;/, abused; Uc famed. maleficium, i, evil ; e\'il dt cfl ; curse malum, i, an ^pple, incilu)?i, I, *:\\\: nusMiH;!, injur}, calarnity; misfortune. mdlus, i, an apple-tree. Jwat i 292 VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 7?i(i/us, a, uf/i, bad; evil; ill; un- well, mando, i, to put up; commit to; charge ; — litteris = commit to writing; write. viiineo, viansi, mafisian, 2, to stay; remain. manes, iiim, the manes ; departed souls. mafisul'tiiS, a, nm, tame ; gentle. Mantinca, rt^,=Mantinea, (a town of Arcadia). manuinitlo, nusi, missunt, 3, to set free or at liberty ; present liberty. niiinus, 11s, the hand ; crowd ; band ; — ferrca = grap[)ling irons; (hooks for seizing siii[)s). MaraiJiojiiiis, a, urn, of or belong- ing to Marathon. jnttre, is, the sea. viargarlta, ae, a pearl ; precious stone. niaritunus, a. //;/^,=maritime, be- longing to the sea; — inan'fhn/nn regnufn=^doimn'ion on the sea ; on sea ; lying on the sea \—com- ;;/^J//^5=importation ; provisions from tiie sea mar'itHS, i, a spouse ; consort ; hus- band. Mars. //.?,=Mars, (the god of war). Martidlis, Jlamen, the priest of Mars. vids, JHiiyiSy a man ; male. Massinissa, ae, = Massinissa, (a king of Numidia). Dialer, tris, a \\\o\\\^x ,—famiIias=^?i housewife ; wife. materia, ae, matter ; element ; stuff. 7nathetnat)ens, i, a mathematician. matri})ionium, i, matrimony ; mar- riage. mairona, ae ^ a married lady ; ma- tron ; wife. matiiro, 1, to accelerate ; hasten. matiirus, a, um, ripe ; mature. Main etafiia, fl-^. = Mauretania, (a country of Africa). ina.vlme, (adv.) most. Medi, orum,=zth( ' ; les, (a peo- ple of Asia). medielna, ae, medical science ; rem- edy ; cure ; healin; medicus, i, a physician ; medical doctor. medideris, e^ middling; middling large. medUor, i, to exercise; practice; think; reflect; meditate. mediits, a, um, mid ; middle. medium, i, the middle ; means. MegiXra, orum, and a^,=Megara (a city in Greece). Megarensis, e, from or of Megara. Megarenses, ium, the Megarians. mil, mellis, honey. membrdna, ae, a membrane. membrum, i, a limb, member. memhii, to remember ; recollect^ (cf Gr. I 129, 4). mtmor, oris, mindful ; remem- bering. memorabVis, e, memoriable ; re- markable. meinoria, ae, the memory ; recol- lection. mendacium, i, a lie ; untruth. menda.v, dels, lying; deceitful. mens, lis, the mind ; soul ; know- ledge; intellect; understanding. mensis, is, a month. mensura, ae, measure. inenlio, onis, mention. menlior, 4, to lie ; tell a lie mercdtor, oris, a merchant. merees, edis, reward ; wages ; pay. mercor, i, to buy ; purchase. Mereurius, /,=Mercury (the mes- senger of the gods).) ml^reo, 2, to merit ; deserve. m^reor, 2,to make one's self worthy of {de). mergo, mersi, mersutn, 3, to sink. merididnus, a, um, of mid-day ; of noon. nierllo, (adv.) justly ; deservedly. merMum,i. •* ward; merit. fnerx, cis, ihe ware ; goods. fnessis, is, a moving; gathering; harvest. inelallum, i, metal. Metapotitumy /,=Metapontum, (a touii ill Lucania). Melaurus, /,==Metaurus, (a river in Umbria). metior, mens us sum, 4, to measure. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. ■*wi--fe I mi-lo, — , messum, 3, to mow ; cut ; reap. melor, i, to measure; mark oflf; fix limits. nieluo, tui, 3, to fear. mtius, us, fear; dread; Plur=bug- bare ; scare-crow. Micipsa, fl^,=Micipsa, (a king of Numidia). viigro,\,X.oxo\^\ wander; migrate. miles. His, a soldier ; foot-soldier ; military man. milildris, e, military ; martial ; — r^,?^=niilitary matters; warfare. viililia, ae, military service. iuil'ilo, I, to be a soldier; serve as a soldier. milliarium,t, a mile-stone; 1,000 paces, i. e., a Roman mile. MiltiUdes, /.y,=rMiltiades ( a cele- brated Athenian general, who fought at the battle of Marathon). milvus, i, a kite (a bird) ; falcon. mma ae, a mine (a Grecian coin, worth 40 florins, about 15 Eng- lish ounces). 7ninae, arum, the threats ; menaces. Minerva, a^.^Minerva ( the god- dess of wisdom, art and science. -rninhne, (adv.) at the least ; not at all. viinisler, Iri, a servant ; attendant. minislerium, i, service ; office. rninislro, i, to present; — bibere ali- cui =Xo give one a drink; be one's cup-bearer. viifiilor, vi)nor, i, to threaten. M'lnos, ois, = Minos ( a law-giver and king of Crete). minuo, 3, to make smaller; dimin- ish ; lessen. nihius, smaller; less. mirdbJlis, e, wonderful ; niai v cious. tnirdbundus, a, um, full of astonish- ment or surprise. miriflee, (adv.) astonishingly ; won • derfully ; in an extraordinary manner. miror, i, to wonder; be astonished ; surprised. tnlrus, a, utn, wonderful ; surpris- ing. ni)ser, a, um, miserable ; unlucky ; wretched ; lamentable. 293 Ue- miserandus, a, . / ; ■ ;.; plorable ; to bt 1 i niiserieordia, ae, mercy ; compass- ion. Ahl/iridalicuSy a, uipr <^^ < ! e ' ' i;- ing to Mithridates ,~- i . f ^ Ju — war with Mithridates. ml lis, e, gentle; soft, ir U' tnillo, misi, rnissum, 3, 1 — 7ne ififlu)nen:=Q?iSt or Liiiuv\ luy- self into a river; — z'oeem = io make one's self heard. moderalio, onis, moderation ; tem- perateness. nioderdlus, a, um, to modrrite; temperate. modeslia, ae, modesty; discu .1. modeslus, a, um, modest ; decent. inodius, i, (the modi us) ; a bushel. mddo, (adv.) only ; but. mbdus, i, measure ; mode ; art ; method. moenia, ium, the walls (of a city). molesle, (adv.) unwilling; with trouble ;—y>ri7=to take ill; be unwilling. luolestus, a, um, troublesome ; irk- some. niolior, 4, to undertake ; attempt. mollio, 4, to mitigate ; soften ; sub- due ; tame. viol lis, e, soft. mdneo, 2, to admonish; summon; warn. monlle, is, a necklace. mons, lis, a mountain. monslro, i, to show; point out. vionslrum,i, a monster; prodigy; ghost. mhra, ae, a. sUy. i use; delay. morbus, i, sickness ; disease. inordeo, i)io))iordi, viorsuin, 2. to bite mdrio) }i:,^i ::ii! : -uiu, _;, *•) y\\v . mdf n', i , tn t.u-i y ; ik;la\^ : -'-;\' ; linger. mordsus, a, um, strange ; peevish ; morose. viors, lis, death. morsus, us, the biting; bite ; * ei'i. morldlis, e, mortal; - ;;,\ ?/; /\y = the mortal^ ; men. tubs, moris, custom; manners; — mores, um=X.he morals ; charac- Ao^ I s 294 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 2gS ter ; — 7nos z'es^is=ihe custom ; fashion in dress. mo/us, us, motion ; movement. mdveo, movi, rnbtum, 2, to move ; stir; stir up; rouse; sliake;jog. ynox, (adv.) soon; soon after. mulco, I, to beat soundly ; cudgel ; — ynale nmlcatus = maltreated ; beatt r. . injured. ynulit;bris, '. 11 or laurel. '' f us, i, a wall. /Has, Diilris, a mouse. flfns'j^ at\=A\\Q Muse (the goddess I learning, esp. of poetry and music). tnusea, ae^ fly ; gnat. mush-a, ae, music. must e la, ae, a weasel - muto, I, to alter; change. fiiutuus, a,uyn, borrowed; lent; — da re / / / ;/ /// // >n ! < > 1 e n d . Myc'(tle, ^.f,=:Mycale ( a mountain <>r promontory in Ionia). illyrT-nar, rt'r//;;/,=:Mycenae (a city of ,\f ^olis). J/i , ^?r//;;/,=Mylae (a town and stronghold in the northern part of Sicily). ynyrtus, i, a myrtle-tree; myrtle. Mytilenaey «r//;;/,=Mytilene (a city on the island of Lesbos). N. Nam, fiamque, (conj.) for ; but ; yet. nanciscor, yiactus and na?ictus sum, 3, to get ; attain ; obtain ; find (by chance) ; light upon. 7iarro, i, to tell; narrate; relate. nascory natus sum, 3, to be born ; become ; arise ; — 7iatus=^o\di. ndti, ormUy children; young. natio, bnis, a nation ; race ; people. natura, ae, nature; substance. fiau/rajrium, shipwreck. naufri^rus, i, number; amount. Nmiiidae, aru»i, = Numidians ( a people in Africa). Numidia, a^,=Numidia (a country in Africa). yiununus, i, money; coin. nunc, (adv.) now. nu7iquam, (adv.) never; not ever. 7iu7itio, I, to mention; notify; an- nounce. 7iu7itius, i, a messenger ; account ; news. 7iuper, (adv.) newly; lately; re- cently. nupta, ae, married ; a married wom- an. 7iusquam, (adv.) riOuiiCic. :ii no place. 7iutrio, 4, to nourish ; support. fiutus, us, a nod ; nodding; wink. Nympha, ae, Nymphae, = Nymphs (goddesses of rivers, trees, moun- tains, etc). O, Obduro, I, to harden; grow hard, preserve. oberro, i, 10 wander up and down ; err ; mistake. objectus, us, an opposite tliiiiu . 'b- ject. objlcio, j'eci, j'ectmfi, 3, to throw against or aside. I 296 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 297 obl^go, I, to bind; pledge; oblige. oblivio, oms, a forgetting ; oblivion. obliviscof. obl'itus sum, 3, to forget. obmutedi ', mutui, 3, to become or be struck dumb. obedio, 4, to obey. obriio, rid, rutuni, 3, to cover ; cover over ; overwhelm ; cover with ob- livion; efface. obscurus, a, um, dark ; obscure. obs^cro, I, to beseech; implore earnestly. obsi^guoy, secutus sum, 3, to comply with; gratify; submit. observo, i, to observe; notice; watch. obseSy )dis, a hostage ; security. obsideo, sedi, sessum, 2, to block up; blockade; beseige. obsidio, oniSy a blockade ; seige. obsidionCilis, e, obsidional ; relat- ing to a blockade ; — cordna=^\hQ. blockade-crown (made of grass and presented to the general who relieved another from block- ade). obsitus, ii, iiui, covered (from obs^- ro). obsum, offui, to be injurious ; hurt. obsurdesco, surdui, 3, to become deaf. obtemp^ro, i, to comply with ; obey (commands). obflfieo, tinui, tc)ilut)i, 3, to hold; possess ; have in possession ; at- tain ; reach ; retain. obtrutico, I, to cut down; cut to pieces; kill. obversor, i, to move or float before ; — ocuHs=io move or stand be- fore the eyes. obvius, a, uin, in the way ; meeting ; coming against ; — habeo a/iqueiu obviu?n=some one meets me. occasio, onis, an opportunity ; oc- casion. occasus, us, sunset. OicWens, iis, the west ; where the sun sets. Oicidio, onis, destruction ; extermi- nation ; — occidione {caedere) — whole; entire. occ'tdo, c'ldi, dsum, 3, to kill ; slay. ocddo, cldiy cdsum, 3, to go under ; fall. occulta, I, to hide ; conceal. occultus, a, um, liidden ; secret ; mysterious. occiipo, I, to take possessession of; possess; occupy; seize; make one's self master of; secure ; em- ploy; engage. occurro, curri, cursum, 3 to meet. Oceilnus, /, the ocean. October, ^m,=:October. octi/us, /, an eye. odisse, (cf. Gr. <; 129, 5) to hate. ^^////;//, /, hatred; enmity; spite. offendo,fendi,fensum, 3, to strike against ; hit upon ; find ; offend ; displease. off^i'o, obtilli, obldtum, 3, to offer ; proffer ; bid ; reach ; give. offic'ma, ae, a workshop ; manufac- tory. officium, /, a duty; office ; service. offirmo, I , aniinum, to regain cour- age ; fortify one's self. Olbia, ^^,=01bia, a city in Sardinia. otea, ae, an olive-tree. oleum^ i, oil ; olive-oil. olfacio, feci, factum, 3, to smell. olim, (adv.) once ; formerly ; long since. ol'iva, ae, an olive-tree. Olympus, z,=01ympus (a very high mountain on which the gods re- sided). omen, \nis, a sign ; omen ; prognos- tic. omnis, e, all ; every' ; each ; the whole. on^ro, I, to load ; burden; oppress; fill {vino). dnus, SriSyVj eight; burden; load. onustus, a, urn, laden ; burdened ; loaded. opCico, I, to cover with shade; shade. op^ra, ae, pains ; toil ; work ; ser- vice; labor ; — operam do=\.o take care; take pains. opife.x'y 1cis, a mechanic ; artisan ; workman. op'imus, a, um, fat ; well-fed. opinio, onis, an opinion ; conjecture ; belief. opittilor, I, to help ; assist ; stand by. oportet=\\. is necessary; it ought; it behooves. opperior, oppertus and opperitus sum, 4, to wait for ; wait. oppldum, i, a city ; town. oppleo, evi, etum, 2, to fill up ; over- flow. opportune, (adv.) opportunely; in right time. opportunitas, dtis, a fitness ; oppor- tunity ; convenience ; advantage. opportunus, a, um, opportune ; con- venient; seasonable; fit. vpprimo, pressi, pressum, 3, to op- press; suppress; overpower; overtake; overcome. oppugnatio, onis, a storming ; as- saulting. oppug7W, I, to attack; assault; storm. ops, dpis, the assistance ; help ; (plur.) treasury ; riches; power; (Gr. \ 48 and 52). optio, onis, choice ; — optionem do= to let one pick or choose ; give choice. opto, I, to wish; desire. opulentia, ae, riches ; wealth. opulentus, a, inn, wealthy ; well-off; rich. Hfpus, eris, work; labor; agricul- tural labor. bpus est=\\ is necessary ; there is need (cf. Gr. \ 220). bra, ae, a coast; country; neigh- borhood. oractilum, i, an oracle ; prophecy ; divination. oratio, onis, speech ; oration ; elo- quence. orator, oris, a speaker ; orator. orbis, is, a circle ; orb ; earth ; hori- zon [orbis terrarum). orbUas, dtis, bereavement ; priva- tion of children. Orcus, z,=Orcus (the infernal re- gion). ordo, tnis, a row; order; — succes- j/6>«w=succession. oriens, tis, the east; rising sun; orient. ortgo, inis, descent ; origin ; source. orior, ortus sum, 4, to rise ; appear ; breakout; proceed; arise. ornamentum, i, an attire; jewel; ornament. orndtus, us, a vlitss; attire; em- bellishment. orno, I, to ornament; adorn; at- tire; decorate. oro, I, to p^iv; beg; beseech. ortus, us, i: J using (of the sun). OS, oris, a miouth ; snout ; counte- nance; beak. ds, ossis, a bone; leg. osciilor, I, to kiss. ostendo, tendi, tensum, 3, to ^hovv ; promise; engage ; explain ; ex- pose; prove. Ostia, d;r=younger. pasco, pdz'i, pastiDn, 3, to pasture; feed ; tend, (trans.) pascor,pastus sum, 3, to pasture; feed ; graze ; browse, (intrans.) passim, (adv.) here and there ; ev- erywhere. passus, us, a step ; pace ; (taken in long-measure — about five feet). pastor, oris, a herdsman ; shep- herd. pastus, us, fodder ; food ; pasture. patefacio, feci, factum, 3, to open ; render passable; open a road over . P&teo, ui, 2, to stand open; be ex- posed ; extend ; reach. pater, tris, a father ;—patres=sena.- tors. pater >!u\, .-. 'o//, fatherly; paternal, patiens, tis, enduring; suffering; patient. patieutia, <7^, forbearance ; patience. patior, passus sum, 3, to suffer; un- dergo ; endure ; allow ; permit ; grant. patria, ae, father-land; native land or country. patrimofiium, i, patrimony ; inheri- tance. patrius, a, um, paternal ; native. patronus, i, a protector ; patron ; defender (esp. before court). pauci, ae, a few; small number. pauclitas, dtis, fewness; paucity; scarcity; a small number. pauldtim, (adv.) gradually ; little by little. pauto (used in comparing) =a little ; somewhat ; — pauto post=di little after, or shortly after (cf. Gr. \ 163. 2). paututn=\\XX\ff, few; small. pauper, en's, poor ; indigent ; help- less; needy. paupertas, dtis, poverty ; indigence. pdz/o, dnis, a peacock ; peahen. pax, pads, peace. Peccdtum, i, a fault ; offense ; sin ; crime. pecco, I, to sin; err; transgress; deserve punishment. pectus, dris, the bosom ; breast. pecunia, ae, wealth ; money ; prop- erty. p^cus, dris, a beast ; brute ; cattle. peciis, fidis, the single head of cat- tle; beast. p^des, 'itis, a foot-soldier. pedist-quus, i, a lackey ; footman ; page. peditdtus, us, a foot-soldier; in- fantry. pettUio, texi, tectum, 3, to allure ; entice ; decoy. pet tis, is, a skin; hide; fur. petto, peptiti, put sum, 3, to drive ; •repel ; expel ; — r<^;/t;^=dethrone. penna, ae, the feathers; — plural^ plumage. pensu)>i, i, a task ; work. penuria, ae, want ; need ; scarcity. pera, ae, a knapsack; bag; wallet. pertigro, 1. 1 > \\ mder ; rove ; travel through. percetto, ciiti, cutsum, 3, to over- ■I •I throw ; upset ; discourage ; dis- hearten, percipio, cepi, ceptum, 3, to take up wholly; seize; assume; lay hold on; reap; take in harvest; har- vest. percontor, i, to ask; inquire. percussor, oris, a murderer ; assas- sin. percfitio, cussi, cussum, 3, to cudgel ; strike ; slay ; kill ; — foedus = to conclude or make a treaty. perdisco, didUi, 3, to learn thor- oughly ; to learn by heart. perdo, didi, ditum, 3, to destroy; ruin ; lose. perdd)no, domui, domitum, i, to subdue thoroughly; subjugate. perdHcOt duxi, ductum, 3, to lead or bring to (a destined place) ; allure; entice. pereo, ii, itum, ire, to perish ; be ruined ; die. perf^ro, tiiti, tdtum, ferre, to carry or bring over ; convey ; bear ; endure ; suffer manly. perfuio, feci, fectum, "3, to bring to an end ; finish ; complete. perfidia, ae, perfidy ; treachery. pergo, perrexi, perrectum, 3, to go on or continue one's way ; go or push forward. Perxctes, /X=l^ericles, (an Athe- nian statesman). pericutbsus, a, um, dangerous. perictitum, i, danger ; risk. peritus, a, um, well versed ; ex- perienced ; — rei 7nititaris=ski\\- ed in warfare. pennaneo, iftansi, mansum, 2, to persevere ; hold out ; continue. permetior, iue?isus sum, 4, to measure through or out; lay aside ; pass over. permitto, m'tsi, missum, 3, to let go; permit; allow. pertndveo, mbvi, mbtum, 2, to put in motion; stir up; excite; arouse. permuto, i, to change; exchange; barter. perb^ lk k t'> sj • ik from beginning to end; discuss; conclude; end (a speech). perpt'tior,pessus sum, 3, to endure. perpetuus, a, um, perpetual ; lasting forever; lifelong; Sidv., perpetuo. Persae, aruni, . tfie Persians (a people ill /k:.icij. persaepe, (adv.) very often. perscr'ibo,psi, ptutn, 3, to write ac- curately or fully; describe. Perst^quor, secUtus, sum, 3, to follow up; pur'^ue: persecute; — betto= carry uu u ..u . Perses, ae, and Perseus, z,=Perses or Perseus (the last king of Mace- donia, cf Gr. ^ 24, 2). persevero, i, to go on; proceed; persevere. persotvo, sotvi, sotiitum, 3, poenas, to undergo a penance or punish- ment; suffer. perspicio, spexi, spectum, 3, to per- ceive clearly ; look through ; see clearly; understand. persuddeo, sudsi, sudsum, 2, to per- suade ; convince {tibi, you). pertaesu)n est (Perfect of taedet)= it tired ; wearied or disgusted. perterreo, 2, to frighten ; terrify. pertrafio, traxi, tractum, 3, to drag along; draw. pervinio, veni, ventum, 4, to come to ; arrive at ; come. peruiglto, i, to watch through ; be awake. pes, pidis, the foot. pestitentia, ae, a plague ; pestilence ; pest. pestis, is, a pest ; disease. petiXsus, i, a broad-brimmed hat ; a traveling hat or cap with a broad brim. pno,petivi,petitum, 3, to endeavor to attain or obtain; go or travel la ; f /\())>iam=^o or direct one's course ti.)\vard Rome); i >=r---,ii:; attack; sue for or solicit s .in*-- thing {magi sir atiim) ; desire. petutaus, tis, petulant; naiii:lity; wanton. petutantia, ae, a ai ;; r , irnju- dence; petulance. p}iath-at.onim.^^n\.v^.^.:w\< Ht the I /id) /iili t .', t.-", - king of Pontus. i aces. first 300 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 301 J'/iarsd/us, /,=Pharsalus (a town in Thessaly). philosbphus, 7, a philosopher. FhoebilSy z,=Phoebus (surname of Apollo). rinygia, «^,=Phrygia (a country of Asia). p'lca, ae, a pie ; mag[)ie. pictor^ oris, a painter. piitas. Litis, piety ; devotion. piger, gra, grum, lazy ; dull ; sloth- ful. pigrilia, ae, sluggishness ; laziness. pileus, i, a hat. pl/us, i, a hair. pingo, pin.i'i, pictntn, 3, to paint. pingnis^ e, fat. pirCita, ac, a pirate ; sea-robber. pirum^ it a pear. pints, i, a pear tree. piscatorius, a, urn, of, or belonging to fishes; fishing or fisherman ^p. navis). piscis, is, a fish. piscor, I, to fish. pins, a,uui pit 'is; devout. pl&ceo, 2, lu {A^'Ase;— placet, pla- cuit, and p/acUiun est=^\\. is de- cided ; resolved upOn ; it pleases — niihi^\ resolve. placUiiis, a, mn, gentle; quiet; pLui!. " plainly; clearly; en- tir* : _ , ; altogether. / . •, i/ , auvig; branch; plant. / v^-, a, iDH, plain; clear. J'lataeae, arww,=Plataeae, (a town of Boeatia). Plataeenses, iiim, tlie people of Plataeae, or Plataeens. Plcito, J///i-,=Plato, (a Greek phil- osopher). plebes, ei, and plcbs, is, the peo- ple ; commonwealth ; common people. pienus, d, ani , lull ; filled. plerique, most ; greater part (cf. Gr. is 64, 2). plerumquCy (adv.) mostly ; com- monly. ploro, I. t i\ail; lament; cry. Fliito, ^;//\?, = Pluto, (god of the in- fernal regions). pociilutn, /', a cup; goblet. poefia, ae, a punishment ; — do poe- nas=to pay a penalty ; undergo or suffer a punishment; to be punished. Poeni, orum,=^the Phoenicians or Carthaginians. pocnitet,tiit,2, to be grieved; re- [)ent. Pocfins, a, 11m, = Punic, Phoeni- cian. pol'sis, is, poetry. poeta, ae, a poet ;' bard. polliceor, lic'itus suui, 2, to prom- ise. poma, oruni, fruit. po))ipa, ae, solemnity ; pomp ; show ; procession. Pomponius , /=Pomponius, (a Ro- man noble, surnamed Atticus). ponderbsus, a, um, weighty ; heavy. pondo, according to weight (cf. Gr. 'i 47). pondus, ins, a weight ; mass ; mul- titude. pbno, pdsui, pos\turn, 3, to place ; put; lay; set; build; erect; es- teem ; — posttus sian^^l lie down; rest. pons, tis, a bridge. pontlfex, ids, a chief priest; high priest ; — maximus=\\\^ supreme pontifi. Pontus, y,-=-Pontus, (a country in Asia, on the Black Sea). pdptdus, i, a people. pbptilus, i, a poplar tree ; poplar. porrigo, rexi, rectum, 3, to pre- sent ; extend; holdout; give. Porsemia, a^,=Porsenna, (a king of Etruria). porta, ae, a gate ; door. portefido, di, turn, 3, to stretch forth; show; indicate; predict; portend. portlcus, MS, a gallery; portico; hall. porto, I, to carry. portus, us, a port ; harbor. posco, poposci, 3, to desire; ask for ; demand. possessio, bnis, a possession. possldeOf sedi, sessum, 2, to pos- sess ; occupy. possutn, I can; (cf Gr. ^ 122, 3). -m^ i post, postea, (adv.) after; after- wards ; later on. postiri, orum, the followers ; pos- terity. postirus, a, um, that which comes after ; following ; subsequent ; — posterior^lRiter ; later;— postre- mo, ad postremumz=fina\\y ; at last ; lastly. posthac, (adv.) afterwards; here- after. postquam, (conj.) after; after that. postridie, (adv.) on the following day ; the day after; next day. postulatio, bnis, a demanding ; de- mand. poslulo, I, to desire; require; de- mand, pbtens, tis, powerful ; strong. potestas, dtis, power; authority; permission. potior, 4, to make one's self mas- ter of; acquire ; possess. portior, (comp.) preferable ; worth more. potissimum, (adv.) principally ; clfiefiy; potius, (adv.) rather ; sooner ; more. pbto, 1, to drink. praebeo, 2, to afford ; procure ; ex- tend ; allow. praecedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to pre- cede ; move forward ; advance. praeceptor, bris, a teacher; pre- ceptor. praeceptum, i, a precept ; doctrine. praectpio, cepi, ceptum, 3, to order ; command. praccipuus, a, um, particular ; prin- cipal ; first. praecldrus, a, um, excellent ; mag- , nificent. praecludo, cludi, clusum, 3, to shut up ; close ; — linguam = to fill, stuff or close one's mouth. praeco, bnis, a herald ; proclaimer. praecox, dcis, prococious ; • prema- ture; untimely. praeda, ae, booty ; spoil. praedium, i, an estate. praefectus, i, a president; over- seer ; chief. praefiro, tali, latum, 3, to carry before or in front ; prefer. prae/lcio, feci, fectum, 3, to place or put one over things or per- sons as head ; appoint comman- der ; overseer, or president. praefulgeo, fulsi, 2, to shine forth ; glitter. praemium, i, a reward ; recom- pense. praemoneo, 2, to admonish before- hand ; forewarn; warn. Praencste, 75,=Praeneste (a town of Latium). praepbno, pdsui, posWim, 3, to set or place over any one ; prefer. praesepe, is, a crib ; manger. praesidium, i, a defence ; guard. praestans, tis, superior ; extraordi- nary. praestat, i, it is better. praesto, sfiti, statum, i, to do ; per- form ; procure; give; grant; al- low ; pay ; — alicui=^io distinguish one's self above another ; {maxi- me=^to have the greatest advant- age over one; surpass; excel). praesum, to be before; preside over. praeterea, (adv.) besides; more- over; then. praetereo, ii, Hum, ire, to go or pass by or over. praeteritus, a, um, by-g-ii'- , past; old. praetermitto, m'lsi, missum, 3, to let pass ; pass over ; leave undone ; neglect. praetexta, ae, luuneiy toga = iiitc purple bordered toga. praetext dtus^ a, um, that wears i 1 i e toga praetexta ; henct^ 1 1 1 1 - der the age of seventeen \ t a - : not yet seventeen vear'^ eld. praetor, bris, a pratn i , :\ o=pr0' praetor=\.he govenor ot a prov- ince. praetorium, i, a general's tent. praetorius, i, a late praetor. prdtum, i, a meadow . prdvus,a, u)n, wrong; bad; per- verse. prices, ui'i pr;u'/'- ^Gr. ' ^ ,-• prima, / ^ • > '■ • ■ t' ■■ '■ ■ ' ''• - ^^ ■ '- '■ ' i ' ■ ^""" ^■' - oppress. pretibsus, a, m?,-; costly; v.Uuabic. i 302 VOCABULARY — LA WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. 303 pretium, i, price ; \ alue ; cost; pay ; wages, prldem, (adv.) long ago; long since ; jam — , already long ago; a long time ago. Prihie, es, = Priene ( a maritime t -ATI in Asia-Minor). p)\.u.;, ,.idv.) in the beginning; in the first i)lace; first. pr'imiDn, (adv.) in the first place; first; in the beginning; for the first time. pr'nnus, a, lun, the first; foremost; [)rinci[)al. princtpSy \pis, the first ; chief; prin- cipal ; prince ; sovereign. principiiini, i, a beginning; origin. prior ^ ins, previous ; an ancestor ; fore-father. priscuSy a, 2i)n, o\d\ ancient. prist ui lis, a, urn, ancient ; pristine ; former. prills, (adv.) formerly; heretofore. priusqiiiun, (conj.) sooner; before. privatuSy a, um, private ; individual ; a private person ; belonging to a single person. prdbe, (adv.) well; properly; fit. proMtas, atis, probity ; honesty. prdbo, I, to prove; consider as good ; grant ; be satisfied with {aiiqiiein — some one) ; make creditable ; demonstrate ; show. prdhus, a, 7im, good ; honest ; up- riglit. procedo, cessi, cessiun, 3, to go be- fore ; proceed ; advance ; march forward. proconsul, fdis, a proconsul, (a gov- ernor of a province chosen by the consulate). proconstildris, n^sus, a, um, full of branches. rdtnus, i, a bough ; branch ; twig. ' ■ / . ae, a frog. i^.•/^..^ ar, a turnip. rdpio, pui, phim, 3, to carry off; rob ; steal. rdro, (adv.) rarely ; seldom. ratio, oniSy a reckoning; calcu- lating ; reason ; understanding ; mode ; motive ; argument. 7atis, is, a bark ; boat ; small ves- sel. Raudii campi,=the Raudii fields ; (a plain, or battle field in upper Italy). redet/o, 1, to renew a war. recedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to step, fall or go back; recede; with- draw ; retreat. r^cens, tis, fresh ; recent ; late ; new. recenseo, censui, censum and cens'i- tufn, 2, to muster ; review ; sur- vey. rec'ido,cidi, c'lsum, 3, to extermi- nate ; extirpate ; destroy. rec'ipio, cepi, cepium, 3, to take back ; receive ; reserve. recognosco, novi, n^itum, 3, to call to mind again ; remember; rec- ognize. reconcilio, i, to reconcile; bring or put together again {concordiam). recondo, d)di, d)tu)n, 3, to put away ; conceal. recordor, i, to recollect; remem- ber. rectus, a, um, right; proper. recutnbo, cubui, iidutum, 3, to lean back ; recline. recupt:ro, i, to recover; regain. reddo, d'ldi, d)tum, 3, to give back ; restore. redco, a, 1tum, ire, to return ; — in gratiam cum aliquo=\.o return or come back into some one's favor. redlgo, egi, actum, 3, to drive or force back ; bring. reduno, emi, emptum, 3, to buy back ; ransom ; redeem. redltus, us, the return ; a coming back. reduco, du.vi, ductum, 3, to lead back ; bring back. ref^ro, tUli, latum, ferre, to bring back; report; relate; repay; reward ; — oculos=.X.o raise the VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. 305 eyes again ; — gratiam alicujus rei^to render thanks for some- thing. re/iigio, fugi, 3, to flee back ; re- treat. regdlis, e, kingly ; royal. regia, ae, a palace ; castle ; royal residence. reg'ma, ae, a queen. regio, onis, a region ; country ; dis- trict. regius, a, tun, kingly ; royal ; princely. regno, i, to be a king; reign; rule. regnum, i, dominion ; sway ; kingdom ; government ; con- trol (e). r^go, re.ri, rectum, 3, to guide ; manage. regrtdior, gressus sum, 3, to re- turn. rejlcio, j'eci, j'ectum, 3, to move ; shift ; displace ; spare ; reserve. religio, onis, religious worship; re- ligion ; sanctity ; awe ; religious feeling. religiosus, a, um, religious ; holy. relinquo, I'lqui, lictum, 3, to leave behind ; forsake ; abandon ; de- sert;— ;«/7//=reserve for myself. reliquiae, arum, a remnant ; remain- der. rehquus, a, um, remaining. remdfieo, mansi, viaytsum, 2, to stay behind ; remain. ronitto, ni'isi, missum, 3, to send back; lay aside. rembtus, a, um, remote ; distant. remdveo, mbvi, mbtum, 2, to move back ; remove ; put aside. renascor, ndtus sum, 3, to be born again ; rise again ; reappear. rendi'o, i, to renew; restore. rcnuntio, i, to mention; report; bring (official) report. reor, 2, to believe ; think ; (Gr. § 114). rep^ro, i, to renew; repair; — bel- lu/n=to provoke or cause a new war. repello, piili, pulsum, 3, to drive off; repel ; keep off; refute. repente, (adv.) suddenly. reperio, repp(^ri, rcpcrtuju, 4. to find out ; find ; discover. rep^to,pet'wi, pei'itmn, 3, 10 recall ; repeat; ask or desire back — ris =to demand reparation or satis- faction ; — poenas = to demand punishment. repleo,pllz'i, plctuDi, 2, to fill; fill up. repbno,pbsui,pos')tum, 3, to replace ; restore ; set up again. reprehendo, di, sujn, 3, to blame; censure. reprotnitto, m'tsi, missum, 3, to promise in return ; promise anew or again. repudio, i, to reject; refuse; cast oft ; — preces alicujus=noi to heed one's prayer or petition. requ'iro, quis'ivi, quis'itum, 3, to re- quire ; inquire after, or search for. res, rci, a thing; object; concern; aftair ; event ; occurrence ; deed ; — gero res=\o carry on affairs or conduct affairs. reservo, i, to keep; lay by; reserve. rcsisto, st'iti, stitum, 3, to stand still ; halt ; offer resistance ; resist. respergo, spcrsi, spcrsum, 3, to be- sprinkle. resplcio, spexi, spectum, 3, to look back ; look around. respondeo, spondi, spoiisum, 2, to reply; answer; respond. responsum,i, an answer ; reply ; or- acle. respubUca, reipublicae, a state ; re- public. restituo, 3, to replace ; :< retineo, tinui, tentum, 2, !< kv p back ; retain ; hinder ; maintam ; affirm ; preserve ; {concordiam= preserve peace ; agreement). revello, velli, vulsuni, 3, to pull or draw out. rei'^reor, 2, to revere ; honor ; re~ spect. revci-tor, reverti, reversus. 3, to turn back. revincio, vinxi, vinctuin, .:, !< back : bind . ii-,. revdco, I, to recall; luring l)an=s. histo- rian •,—/abularufn=^'a. fabulist. scrutor, 1, to explore ; search ; in- vestigate. scutum, i, a shield ; buckler. Scythae, oruvi, the Scythians. secedo, cessi, cessum, 3, to with- draw; turn; secede; emigrate. seculum, i, a race; age ; century. secHris, is, a hatchet ; axe. securus, a, um, unconcerned ; surd ; careless. sed, (conj.) but; however. sl^deo, sedi, sessum, 2, to sit ; sit in judgment, [judex.) sedes, is, a seat; bencli ; — simu- lacri=the floor on which a seat stands. seditio, bnis, a civil discord ; com- motion; sedition. sedo, I, to settle; still; pacify; end. Sieges, t-tis, a sown-field ; corn- field. shnel, (adv.) once. Semirhmis, tdis, = Semiramis, (a queen of Assyria). semper, (adv.) always. sempiternus, a, um, always ; con- stant ; perpetual; eternal. Sena, ^7^^=Sena, (a town in Italy). sendtor, bris, a senator. sendtus, us, the senate ; (state ad- visers), senate in session ; coun- cil. senectus, litis, old age ; age. sCncA-, is, an old man; old. Scndnes, um=the Senones, (a tribe or nation of Gaul). sensa, brum, the sensations ; feel- ing; sense. sensim, (adv.) gradually; slowly. sensus, us, sense. sententia, ae, judgment; senti- ment ; opinion ; — dico sententiam =to sentence or pass judgment on. sentio, sensi, sensum, 4, to feel ; think ; discern ; perceive. sepHro, I, to separate ; dividt ; u; 11 from. sep(^lio, sepelh'i, sepultum, 4, to in- ter ; bury. sepio, sepsi, septuiu. 4, to hedge in ; fence in ; enclose. September, ^r/.9,=September. septentrio, bnis, the north, (usually in Plur). sepulcrum, i, a tomb ; grave ; sep- ulchre. sepultura, ae, a burial ; interment. S(^guor, seciitus sum, 2,^ to foils w ; {aliquem, some one); in : • , follow after. 3o8 VOCABULARY LATIN WORDS. VOCABULARY LATIN \VORDS. 309 sermo, onis, speech ; discourse ; conversation. sero, sevi, sUtum, 3, to sow ; plant. serpens, tis, a serpent ; snake ; reptile. servio, 4, to serve ; accommodate one's self to. servitiis, niis, servitude ; slavery. serz'O, I, to save; preserve; pro- tect ; observe ; take care of. servus, i, a slave. sestertius, i, a sesterce, (a small coin, worth about four cents). sen=or ; seu-seu=Q\i\\G.r-oY. sever)tas, Cxtis, severity; serious- ness. se.rns, us, sex ; gender. si, (conj.) if. Sibyll'inus, a, w;;/,=Sibylline. sic, (adv.) so ; such ; thus ; in this manner. sicco, I, to make dry; drain; drink out. siccus, a, tim, dry. Sicilia, rt^,=Sicily (an island). Siciilus, a, 7^;«,=Sicilian. s'lcut, sicuti, (adv.) as ; just as ; as if. sldus, <^) is, a constellation ; star. Sigeutn, /,=Sigeum (a promontory in Troas). signi/Uo, I, to give a sign ; signify. sig>iu}n, i, a sign ; statue. silentium, /. stillness ; silence. silva, ae, a forest; wood. simia, ae, an ape. si)u1tis, e, like; similar. similitudo, hiis, likeness; resem- blance. sijnius, i, an ape. Simofudes, /^,=Simonides (a Greek poet). simplex, ^cis, simj^le. s^tnul, (adv.) together ; at once. simulac, simulatque, (conj.) as soon as. simulacrum, i, an image ; phantom ; ghost. simiilo, I, to pretend; feign; give in; advantage; — ludos=X.o con- trive a scheme, or prepare a drama;— ///.i,^^ of the Thracians). thyrsus, 7,=the thyrsus, (the staff of Bacchus). tidr-a, ae, a turban. 7>'^.=Tiberius. Tib^ris, eAi, vectiim, 3, to carry over. Trasi)nhius lacus=X\\^ lake Trasi- menus in Italy. Trcbia, ^zt',— the Trebia, (a river in upper Italy). irepidatio, b^iis, trepidation ; haste. trepldo. I, to be anxious or fearful. trcp).dus, a, ion, hasty ; unquiet ; anxious. iribunus, i, a tribime ; — niilitum= a military tribune, or com- mander ;—/>/ /i-=t rib une of the people. - tribuo, 3, to impart ; confer ; show ; prove ; aflibrd ; grant ; allow. Mbiis, lis, a yi part ; division ; tribe. iributarius, a, uin, tributary ; sub- ject to paying tribute or tax. tribfituvi, i, tax, tribute. triceps, cipltis, three-headed. t ride US, ?itis, ?;/, three-pronged ; a trident. triduHin, /. a space of three-days ; three days. trieniiiiitn, i, a space of three years ; three years. trigcmhii, orum, three brothers, born at the same time, of the same age. trivienibris, ^,=three-branched or limbed. tristiculus, a, inn, sad ; gloomy ; sorrowful ; melancholy. tristis, e, sad ; sorrowful. tristitia, ae, sadness ; sorrow. triionp/io, 1, to exult or triumph on a chariot ; — triuniphnn 1=^X0 cele- brate a triumph. triujiiphus, i, a triumph;— ^^^ /;-/- uniphum = iQ celebrate a tri- umph. Troja, ae, — Troy, (a city in Asia- Minor). tropacum, i, a trophy; a public monument of victory. truc'ido, I, to kill; massacre. trii.v, trficis, fierce ; savage ; wild ; grim. ttiba, ae, a trumpet. tiiblccn, hiis, a trumpeter. VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS 313 «w iueor, tiiitus, sum, 2, to take care of; guard; protect; hold in guardianship. tuin, (adv.) then; at such a time; that time. tUmeo, tumid, 2, to swell ; be swol- len; puflfed up. tumultus, us, a tumult ; alarm ; up- roar; a sudden outbreak of war; an insurrection. tumulus, i, the mound over a grave. tunc,=tum. tunica, ae,^ tunic; clothing; coat. turba, ae, a crowd ; troop ; band ; throng. iurbldus, a, um, troubled ; confused. turpis, e, ugly; hateful; shameful; disgraceful ; dishonorable. lurpitudo, Inis, ugliness ; baseness ; disgrace. turris, is, a tower. Tuscia, «/d'=farewell ; good-by, ^Gr. § 129, 8). vhleo, 2, to be well, or in good health ; to be strong ; have s^reat influence. valetiido, )fiis, good health ; health. z'a/'/dus, a, um, strong ; healthy. vallum, i, a rampart; fortification. cV7;///i^, (J, w?;z, empty ; void; vain; idle. variolas, dtis, a variety ; diversity. varius, a, inii, various ; different ; divers, Varro, dnis, = \ arro, (a Roman consul). vasto, I, to lay waste; ruin ; pillage. n 3M VOCABULARY — LATIN WORDS. ve^ (conj.)=or, (is appended to a word). vecors, dis, foolish ; frantic ; mad. vect'igal, a lis, income ; tax ; duty ; import ; revenue ; tribute. vehhne?is, tis, impetuous ; vehe- ment. v^ho, z'e.ri, vectiiui, 3, to carry ; bear ; convey ; take along with ; bring. Vc'hor^ rectus sunt, 3, to ride, (intr.) Vejeuies, ium, the Vejentes, (in- habitants of Veji.) Vty'i, of'uin,=Veyi, (a town of Etru- ria.) ve/, (conj.) or. ve/o.x\ Oct's, swift ; fleet ; quick ; rapid. Z't^/u/, veltiti, (adv.) as; like or just as ; (conj ) just as if. venabuluin, i, a hunting-spear. vefid/is, e, for sale, to sell, venal. venatio, onis, a hunting; hunt. vemxtor, oris, a liunter; huntsman. vendtus, us, a hunt; chase. vendo, d'ldi, d'lfum, 3, to sell. veuejiciutn, i, an enchantment ; witchcraft. veul'juoti, i, juice ; a potion ; poison ; drink of poison. veneo, ii, )tu})i, ire, to be sold (at auction). ven^ror, i, to worship; honor; petition. venia, ac, permission ; pardon ; in- dulgence ; — do venial n supplicii =to pardon a condemned per- son, or release from capital pun- ishment. v^nio, veui, veufuni, 4, to come ; reach ; arrive. veuor, I, to hunt; pursue. venter, iris, the belly ; stomach. ventus, i, the wind. veniiudo, d^di, datum , i, to sell. Venus, t*/7.v,=Venus, (the goddess of licentious mildness and love). venustas, dtis, elegance ; graceful- ness; pleasantness; charm. venuste, (adv.) beautiful ; fine ; charming. ver, veris, the spring. verbtra, urn, a blow ; stroke ; shock. verb^ro, i, to beat ; scourge ; wnip ; flog. verbum, 1, a word ; — verba facto— - to speak ; make a speech. vere, (adv.) truly ; rightly ; with right. verecundia, ae, reverence ; respect. v^reor, 2, to reverence; respect; fear. ver^ttas, dtis, truth. vero, (conj.) but; however. versicolor, oris, variegated ; party — colored. versor, i, to reside; remain; lin- ger ; wave ; hover ; go about with some one. versus, us, a furrow; line; verse. verto, verti, versuin, 3, to turn ; turn around. verutn, (conj.) but; but truly. verus, a, uin, true ; real ; right. vescor, 3, to take nourishment; eat. vesper, i, the evening, (Gr. § 53, 2). Vesta, ^^,=^Vesta, (goddess of do- mestic life. Vestdlis, (?rr// ;;(/> Ljejcintiitig ofasentence);(or,; a u t c ^ n r '~a:v^(\'^ after the first word o: a -uiiiciicc ; h\x\t^x -?iy , papilio, d?iis. buy, to, emo, 3. 3^8 VOCABULARY — ENGLISH WORDS. VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. •o C . Caesar, Caesar, ciris. call, to, voco, I ; to call upon (by name), appello, i ; to call to- gether, arcesso, 3. calm, to, st'do, i. camp, castra, ormn, capture, to, capio, 3. care, a, aira, ae. care, to, euro, i. car( ^V diligens, tis. carit.i^c (wagon) a, airrus, us. carry, to (bear), porta, 1 ; gero, 3 ; /erf e. carry away (off), to, au/erre. carry (a city) by assault, expugno, i. carry out, gero, 3 ; (accomplish deeds, 7'es gero, 3.) carry on war, belluni gero, 3. carry together, conferre, Carthage, Carthago^ hiis. Carthagin ian , Carthaginiensis. Carthaginians, the Carthagifiienses^ iuni. castle, a, arx, cis. cat, felis, is. catch, to, capio, 3. Catiline, Catilma, ae. Cato, Cato, onis. cattle (horned), bos, bovis. cause, a, causa, ae. cavalry, equitatus, us. cave, a, spec us, us. cease from, to, deshio, 3. celebrate, to, celebro, i. censor (officer) a, censor. Oris. censure, to, vitupero, 1 ; reprehen- do,2>. certain, certus, a, uni, chance, a (occasion) occasioy ofiisy casus, us. change, to, viuto, i. chariot, currus, us, chastise, to, cast'igo, i. cheat, a (cheating), y>'i?//.9, dis. cheat, to, deClpio, 3. check, to, coerceo, 2. cheerful, /actus, a, ?nn , hilaris, e\ alUcer, cris, ere. cheese, caseus, i. children, libH^ri, ormn. choose, to, el)go, 3. Christians^ Ch.ristiatii, arum. Cicero, Cicero, onis. Cimbri, the, Cimbri, orum. citizen, civiSy is. citizenship, civ^tas atis. city, urbs, bis. civil, civil'is, e ; civil war, bcllum civ'ile. clear, clarus, a, uin. cleave asunder, to, diffindo, 3. close, to, claudo, 3. clothe, to, vestio, 4. clothing, vestis, is. cloud, nubes, is. coal, carbo, onis. cohort, (a division of soldiers), co- hors, tis. color, the, color, oris, comb, pec ten, hi is. combat, proe/ium, i. come, to, venio, 4. come to one's self again, re- sipisco, 3. command, at the command of some one ; jussu alicujus. command, to, impero, i ; edico, 3. commander in chief, dux, cis. commit a fault (sin), to, peccOy i. common, com)nu?iis, e. companion, socius, i\ comes, Mis. compassionate, to, 7nisereor, 2. complain, to, qu^ror, 3. complete, to, perjlclo, 3 ; conjicio, 3. compose, to, conipono, 3. conceal, to, iaceo, 1. concord, concordia, ae. condition, condicio, onis. condition of peace, />^?r/.y condicio^ onis. confess, to, fateor, 2 ; cojijiteor, 2. congratulate, to, congratulor^ i. conjecture, to, suspUor^ i. conquer, to, vinco, 3. consequently, itiique. consider, to, conteinplor, i. console, to, conso/or, i. conspiracy, conjuratio, onis. conspirator, cofijuratus, i, constellation, sidus, ^ris. consul, consul, co7isulis. consult, to, consuto, 3. contemplate, to, contetnpior, i. continue, to, pergo, 3. conversation, serf no, onis. convert, to, converto, 3 ; mutor, i. * cook, to, coquo, 3. copper, aes, aeris. Corinth, Corinthus, i. corpse, cadaver t'ris. correct, to, corrlgo, 3. couch, a, cub'ile, is. cough, the, tussis, is. counsel, a, co?isi/iuin, i. counsel, to, suadeo, 2. countenance, vultus, us. countless, i?inutnerabilis, e. country (in opposition to city) ruSy ruris. courage, animus, i. cover, to, op^rio, 4 ; tego, 3. cover all over, to, obruo, 3. cow, vacca, ae. creak, to, crepo, i. creep, to, repo, 3. crime, a, see I us, t^ris. cross, a, crux, crucis ; to nail to the cross (crucify), i?i crucem suffigo. cross, to, transgredior, 3 ; transire. crow, comix, his. crown, to, corona, i. cruel, crude tis, e. cry (out), to, clamo, i. cudgel, 2L,ftistis, is. cultivate, to, cola, 3. cunning (adj.) cattldus, a, U7n. cup, calix, Icis. curb, to, damo, i. cure, to, medeor, 2. custom, ritus, us; (manners) tnos, maris. cut, [doiufi), to, caedo, 3. T> Dagger, a, sica, ae. dam, a, agger, ^ris. ^ danger, periculum, i. dangerous, periculosus, a, um. dare, to, audeo, 2. Darius, Darius, i. dark, obscurus, a, um. darken, to (render dark), ^//^, bnis. drink, to, bibo, 3. driver, aur'iga, ae. dry, to, torreo, 2. dumb, mutus, a, urn; to become dumb, obmutesco, 3. duty, officiuin, i. I'l, Eagle, aquVa, ae. ear, am'is, is, earth, terra, ae. earthquake, viotiis (us) terrae. ^2isy, J aci /is, e ;{ facile, adv). eat, to edo, 3. educate, to, erttdio 4; ediico, i. effect, to, effuio, 3. ^%%, ovum, i. Egypt, Aegyptiis, i. Egyptians, the, Aegyptii, orum. either — or, aut — aut. elephant, elephaiitus, i. embrace, to, coniprchendo, 3 ; am- ple dor, 3. emperor, impcrator, oris. end, the,^«/5, is. endure, to, patior, 3. endure patiently, perpHior, 3. enemy (in war) hostis, is ; personal ^n^my =i?iimicus, i. enjoin, to, indico, 3. enjoy, Xo,fruor, 3. enough, satis. enter, to, intro, i. entice, to, ellcio, 3. Ephesus, Ephisus, i. equal, par, is. erect, to, coustituo, 3 ; e^rstruo, 3. err, to, erro, i. establisli, to, coudo, 3; establish as sacred (inviolable), sa?icio, 4. eulogy, laus, iaudis. evening, it becomes evening, ves- perascit. evil, vialum, i, example, exempluin, i. excel, to, ex cello, 3. excellent, egregius, a, urn; praC' clarus, a, lun. excite, to, lacesco, 3. exercise, to, exerceo, 2. exertion, labor, oris. exile, exsiliiini, i, expel, to, pelIo,y, expello 3 ; ejicio, 3. external nations, extSrae nationes, extinguish, to, extinguo, 3. eye, the, oculus, i. Faith, fides, H; to have faith; fide))i habere. {i\\\.\\{w\,fidus, a, um, faith\ess,perf}dus, a, nm. fall, to, cado, 3 ; labor, 3. fall asleep, to, obdormisco, 3. fall away, (off), decisco, 3. fall (go) down, to, occ\do, 3; occinnbo, 3. fall down, to, coucldo, 3; decido, 3; dc labor, 3. farmer, a, agricola, ae, fate, {lot) fortiai a, ae. {i\\.\\Qr, pater, iris. father-in-law, socer, i. fault, a, vitium, i,peccatum, i. favor, io, faveo, 2. fear, the, vietns, lis. fear, to, iimeo, 2 ; metuo, 3 ; (to be afraid.) feed, to, pasco, 3; (sheep), feed one's self, to, vescor, 3. feel, to, sentio, 4. fell, to, caedo, 3. ^ fellow-citizen, civis, is. fetter, to, vincio, 4. fever, a, fcbris, is. few. pauci, ae, a. \ field, ager, agrt. fight, a, proelium, i. fight.to,/)//^;/^, I. fill up, to, compleo, 2 ; refercio, 4. find, to, invenio, 4. find out, to, reperio, 4; invenio, 4. fir-tree, abies, etis. fire, a, ig?iis, is. t\rm,Jirmus, a, um, fish, a, piscis, is. fit, (adj.) apius, a, um. Hatter, to, adulor, i ; blafidior, 4. llatterer, adulator, oris. tlee, to, fugio, 3. fleet, a, classis, is. flesh, caro, carnis. flight, the, fuga, ae. flock, a, grex, gregis, flow, \o,fluo, 3. flower, diyjios, floris. fly, to, volo, I ; fly towards, advdlo, I. follow, to, sequor, 3. food, cibus, i. foolish, stultus, a, um. iooi, pes, pedis. foot-soldier, />^^^^, Uis. , for, (conj.) 7iam. forbid, to, veto, i. force, the, vis, vim, vi. force, to, cogo, 3. foreign nations, exterae nationes. forget, to, obliviscor, 3. forgive, to, ignosco, 3. form, the, forma, ae. form, \\fingo, 3. former, prior, us. formerly, (in time past) olim. forsake, to, re tin quo, 3. forsee, io, provideo, 3. fortify, to, munio, 4. found, to, condo, 3. fox, lulpes. is. jt fraud, fraus, dis. free, liber, a, um. freeze, to, algeo, 2. fre.iii' lit, crcber, bra, brum. frequented, much, celeber, bris, bre. r ; :• 1, U>UCUS, i. • \:, ^euignus, a, um. ! . n ; ni; aniicitia, ae. ],:U\ , .■ . r:7 > or, oris. ■■ '.:] :i^ 1 1, !'■ •; I rreo, 2. fruit, frugcs, ntn ; pom a, (appie-t.) (ruitiul, frugifer, a, um. furniture, supellex, ectilis. r: Gain, to, (victory) pario; 3, c.r aliquo. Gallia (country of the Gauls) Gallia, ae. gander, anser, 'iris. garden, Iwrtus, i. Gauls, the, Galli, orum. gender, genus, ^ris. general, the, dux, duds. generation, genus, (^ris. generous, beueficus, a, um. Germans, the, Germani, orum. Germany, Germania, ae. get, to, nanciscor, 3. get sight of, to, conspicio, 3 ; con- spicor, I. giant, gigas, antis. gilded, gilt, aurdtus, a, um. gird, to, cingo, 3. %\x\,puella, ae. give, to, do, I. give up, to, trado, 3. globe, orbis, is. glory, gloria, ae. go away, (ofl) to, abire. go forth, to, projiciscor, 3. goblet, calix, callcis. God, Deus, i, god, a, deus, 7, goddess, dea, ae. godless, impius, a, Um. gold, an rum, i. golden, aureus, a, uni. good, bonus, a, um. goods, botia, orum ; (of a family)== res familiaris, reifamiliaris. goose, ajiser, eris. govern, to, rego, 3. govern, to, (to be kingj 'v^. -'/ ^ 1. govern, to (lead) guberno, i. government, imperiuni, i, grade, 2i=step. grand-child, nepos, dtis grandfather, avus, i. grape, bunch (cluster) of grapes, uva, ae. grass, rru'ne^:, In is. 322 VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. %-! VOCABULARY — ENGLISH WORDS. 323 gratefu] f£-ra/us, a, urn. grave, the (with a monument and inscription) sepu/crum, i. great, magmis, a, um. greatness, ^nagniindo^ itiis. Grecian, Graecus, a, uin. Greece, Graecia, ae. green, to be, vireo, 2. grief, dolor ^ oris. gross, crassus, a, um. grotto, specus, us. ground, the, humus, i. grow, to, crescOy 3; grow up, to, adolesce, 3. grumble, Xo^fremo, 3. guard, a, custos, bdis. guard, to, (take care) tu^or, 2. guard one's self, to, caveo, 2. H. Hadrian, Hadrianus, t. hair, capillus, i. hand, a, mauus, us. happens, it, accldil. happy, yiV/.r, jcis. harbor, ?i,poytus, us. hard, durus, a, uni. hare, lepus^ dris. harmony, concordia, ae. harsh, acerbus, a, um. haste, to make h?isiQ, fesiino. i. hatchet, a, secilris, is. haired, odium, i. haughty, superbus, a, um. have, to, esse (to be) ; habeo, 2. h'dven, porlus, us. head, caput, \tis. healthy, sa?ius, a, um; saluber, bris, bre, to be healthy (in good health), valeo, 2. hear, to, audio, 4. heart, animus, i ; the bodily heart, cor, cordis. heat, aestus, us. heaven, coelum,, i. heavenly, coelestis^ e, heavy, gravis, e. Hector, Hector, dris. heighth, altiiudo, hiis. hedge in, to, saepio, 4. help, the, auxilium, i. Helvetians, Helvetii, orum. herd, a, grex, gregis. hesitate, to, cunctor, i. hide, to, abdoy 3 ; occHlOy 3 ; oc' culto, I. hidden, to be, lateo, 2. high, altus, a, um; the highest, sujnmus, a, um. hill, CO His, is. historian, a, rerum scriplor, dris. hold, to, teneo, 2. holy, sacer, era, crum. Homer, Homerus, i. honest, probus, a, um. honesty, probitas, dtis. honey, mel, mellis. honor, an, honos, oris. honor, to, colo, 3 ; revereor, i. hope, tiie, spes, spei. hope, to, spero, i. horse, equus, i. horseman, eques, itis. horse-stable, equ'ile, is. hour, flora, ae. house, domus, us. household, res/amiliaris. human, humanus, a, um. hunger, fames, is. hunger, to, (to be hungry) esUrio, 4. hunt, to, ve?ior, 1. hurt, to, obesse; noceo, 2 ; laedo, 3. • Ice, glacies, ei. if, si\ if not, nisi, si non. image, imago, Inis, imitate, to, imitor. immense, iugens, ntis. immortal, immortalis, e. immortality, immorlalilas, dtis. impious, impius, a, um. inconsiderable, parvus, a, um, increase, to, adolesco, 3. incur, (the) hatred, sibi contraliere odium. infcLntry, pedilatus, us; pedes, His. inflict, (a wound) inji'jgo, 3. inhabitants of the infernal regions, in/eri, orum. injure, to, laedo, 3. injury, injuria, ae. injustice, injuria, ae, innumerable, innumerabilis, e. inspire, to, injicio, 3. instantaneously, stdtim. I instruct, to, doceo, 2 ; erudio, 4. insult, injuria, ae. integrity, integritas, dtis. iron, ^ • im, i. iron, (adj. )/i, i. mindful, vie m or, br is. miserable, miser, a, u})i. misfortune, calatnitas, aiis. mix, to, misceo, 2 ; mix with, to, admisceo, 2. modest, modestus, a, um. money (sum of money) pecuuia, ae. month, mensis, is. moon, luua, ae. mortal, morlalis, e. mother, ^uater, tris. ni' ther-in-law, socrus, us. motion, motus, us; to set in motion, commbveo, 2. mount, to, ascendo, 3. mountain, a, mous, lis. mourn, to, lugeo, 2. mouse, mus, muris. mouth, os^ oris. move, to, (stir) moveo, 2. move away, to, viulo, i. movement=W(7/'/t^;/. much, viullus, a, um. multiply, to, mulliplico, i. multitude, mulliludo, hiis. murmur, a, tuurmur, uris. murmur, XOy/refuo, 3. Name, a, fiomeu, Inis. name, to, appello, i narrate, to, narro, i. nation, a, natio, otiis ; gens, lis, native-country, /^//r/rt, ae. navigate, to, navigo, i. necessary, necessanus, a, um. neck, collum, i. needy, ege?ms, a, um. neglect, "to, negl^go, 3. neither — nor, neque, — neque. Nero, Nero, imis. never, nunquam. new, novus, a, u)n. night, nox, noctis. noble, 7iobilis, e. not, U071. notice, to, senlio, 4. nourish, to, tiulrio, 4 ; alo, 3. now, nunc. number, a, numerus^ i. number, to, Jiumero, i. nut, mix, nucis. Oak, quercus, us. oath, an, jusjurandum, jurisju- randi. obey, io,pareo, 2 ; obedio, 4. obscure, obscurus^ a, um. observe, to, sefilio, 4. obtain, to, (by lot) sortior, 4. occasion, occasio, onis. ocean, mare, is. Octavian, Oclavianus, i. offend, to, offendo, 3. offer, to, offerre. often, saepe. old age, seneclus, ulis. • VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. }> ^ L old man, sencx, senis, open, to be op^r\,paleo, 2. open, to, aperio, 4. opinion, sentenlia, ae. or, aid, vel. oration, or alio, onis order, the, ordo, hits. order, to, jubeo, 2. origin, origo, hiis. ornament, an, decus, decdris. overcome, to, supero, i. owe, to, debeo, 2. ox, bos, bovis. P. Pain, opera, ae ; to take pains, ope ram do, 1. paint, to, pingo, 3. parents, parenles, um. part, a, pars, lis. pass over, \o,praeterire. past, praeterilus, a, um. path, via, ae. patience, palienlia, ae. patient, palicns, lis. pattern, exemplar, aris. pay for, to, solvo, 3 ; pendo, 3; peace, pax, pads. peacock, (peaken)/>«z/c>, onis. pear-tree, pirus, i. people, populus, i; gens, Us ; natio, nis. perceive, to, intellego, 3. permit, to, sino, 3. perish, to, per'ire ; interire ; oc- dido, 3. pernicious, /^5///' leceptum, i. \iX^QL\o\:x>, pi triosus, a, um. preeminence, principatus, us. pref' : , \),antepdno, 3; antejerre\ praeferre. prepar' t ^'(iro, i; praeparo, i. prescribe, to, praescribo, 3. present, gift, a, donum, i; miDius, ^ris. present, to (give as a present), dotio. \ present, tu be present at. adesse. preserve, to, servo, i. preside over, to, praeesse. press, t >. higeo, 2. prey, a, praeda, ae. price, 2i,pretium, i. prince, a, princeps, ipis. procession, a, pompa, ae. procure, to, paro, i ; comparo, i. promise, to, spofideo, 2 ; promillo, 3; polliceor, 2. prop, to, fnlcio, 4. 326 VOCABULARY — ENGLISH WORDS. < I idcesso, 3. < ' r > lidoitia^ ae. f':i'\ .\ .V ^■. t! . UDl. , t) iUii', 3. I'liuiius^ a, urn. I f iHio, 4. ^oena^ ae. a. a in. proud, supcrbus^ a, ion. province, provincia, ae, pro \n\\K\ pub! put . PUIH puni^ii, I-, punishni' ; pusli down, to, detrudo, 3. put on, to, induo, 3. put to flight, to,/ugo, I. puzzle, a, aenigma, &tis. Quarrel, a, lis, litis. queen, regina, ae. I!. Rabble, liie, vulgus, i. race-course, a, curriculum, i. rain, vnber, bris. rains stones, it, lapldat. ram, a, an>5, Mj. rare, rarus, a, ujh. rattle, to, crepo, i. ravage, to, vasto, i ; devasio, 1. reason, the, ratio, bnis. receive, to, recipio, 3 ; accipio, 3. recognize, to, cogfiosco, 3. recover, to, cojivalesco, 3. red, ruber, bra, brum. region, regio, bnis. reign, tin-, regnum, i. reigii t } egno, i. rejur t i:aiideo, 2. relal , i s uai ro, i. remain, to, yiianeo, 2. ri'iiiaiiiing, remainder, the, (f^/, retifieo, 2. return something, reddo, 3. return, to, rruertor, 3 ; redire, (go back), revenge, to, ulciscor, 3. revere, reverence, to, vereor, 2. revive, to, reviviscor, 3 ; reward, 2i, praemium, i. Rhine, Rhefius, i. rich, dives, \tis ; locuples,etis. riches, divitiae, arum. riddle, a, aenigma, mis. ride, to, ^tnke a ride) z/^/;^, 3. ride on \ ; cback, to, equito, i. rider 011 horseback, eques, itis. right, the, 2i, jus, juris. right (=correct) rectus, a, nm. right (=not left) dexter, a, um. righteous, probus, a, iim. righteousness, probitas, atis. ripe, niaturus, a, um; to become ripe, tnaturesco, 3. rise, to (get up) surgo, 3 ; (of the sun) orior, 4. rite, a, ritus, us. river, a, amnis, is. rob, to, rapio, 3. robber, a, latro, bnis. rorl:^ a, saxum, i. i nan, Romanus, a, um. K in ins, the, Romafii, brum,. Rome, Roma, ae. roof, a, tectutn, i. rr>' ?n, a, conclave, is. t 11, (space), spatium, i. t 1, a, radix. Ids. ! i. / '5fl, ae. rough, asper, a, um. rovnl, regius, a, uni. mil. to, curro, 3. run towards, to, occurro, 3. Si^ babines, the, Sabini, orum. sacred, sacer, era, crtim. sad, tristis, e. sailor, nauta, ae. salt, the, sal, satis. VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. 327 ■y& 0^ baiinntes, the, Samnites, ium. sand, the, arena, ae. s, 1 N sucus, i. sa\ , \'i, servo, i. sa\ . : % dico, 3. scii<^i, capio, 3; capesso, 3. sel :-ni, ; .. . -5, a, «;;i. !. 10, ^//^, 3. ^i li, to, vendo, 3; tobesold,r^«^r^. Senuramis, Sejnir&mis, idis. senate, senatus, us. senator, senator, oris. send, to, miito, 3. sense, the, sensus, us. sepulchre, sepulcrum, i. sermon, a, sermo, bnis. servant, .i, junulus,i; minister, i. serve, to, 50: 1. set, ; '. place) pono, 3. sei I m ■ " \o, cotnmoveo, 2. set 1 , 5 , accendo ; 3. ^P : liie, umbra, ae. sh i I f niidation, violently, i .'^u :.:: I , ;crcello, 3. *• n i , --i; iT I , f'!fd-'t me. •1, i .4 ,' 7. a^. shape, a (fon ^^ shap(% Uk j^ngo, 3. sharp, r? > > ! > *. sharp'^n p k uluo, 3. sharpiic,-,;,, «<:z>j, ei. shear, to, tofideo, 2. sheep, a, ovis, is. shi i 1 a, scutum, i. shme, to, splendeo, 2. ship, a, navis, is. short, brevis, e. show, lu, )nonstro, i ; ostendo, 3. shower, a heavy shower, imber, bris. shun, to, viio, i ; effUgio, 3. Sicily, Sicilia, ae. sick. u,-v/'r, ;;^ a. ,.;i .0-/. sick lit ',^'-.. fnordus, i. sigh, to, -t';«d?. 3. sign, a, signum, i. silent, to be silent, taceo, 2. silver, argentum, i. silver, ot, argenteus, a, um,. similar=iike. simple, '-'mplfx, ids. sin, to, / 1 . L . , 1. s I),;, to, cano, 3. . ! to, (trans.) demergo^ 3. sister, soror, oris. sit, to, sedeo, 2. skillful, g7iafus, a, um. skin, a, pellis, is. slave, a, servus, i. slaver\ , s jvitudo, inis. sleep, the, somfius, i. sleep, to, dormio, 4. slip down, to, (slip out) delabor, 3. sly, caltidus, a, um. SiV[i2\\, parvus, a. mn. smell, a, odor, oris. snake, a, anguis, is. snatch away to nlpio, 3. MM,o\\ it is s:i< 'Vvn,.;, ningit. m:., tatn .\;0: .idj-.'Ctives — {e.g. s n 1 .1 i I . ia ni parvus ) . s ' i i\ . sociitas, atis. h--- :.Kt' ■, Sncrates, is. soften, i K niollio, 4. soil, humus, i. soldier, miles, itis. Solon, So I 071, bnis. solve, to, solvo, 3. son, Jilius, i. son-in-law, gener, i. song, carmefi, Inis. soon, mox sorrowful, /r/ /. s, e. soul, aninin<. < sound, t«.>. .o;w'' I. source, a, y * 'is.^ space, a, spiUiuy/:. / spacious, ampiii.'., a.. :i)>i Spain, Hispiinia, dr. .a, o ratio, on. --'I the. (season: T 1 V VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. Spring, a, (of a river), Jons, iis. sprinj^ up, to, orior, 4. stai;, I, ( ervtis, i. Stan 1 aMjund, to. cirntvisto, i. s'n . a, Stella, ae. b M ; t, a , respublica: reipublicae. statue, a, slaiua, ae. steep, arduus, a, lan. step, a, gradus, us. stem of a ^hit>, Xh^.puppis, is. stoia s a. . .'/'.-^ , lapidis. h!' iia, i !, lapideus, a, um. si< a k, a, ciconia, ae. ?a :iM, a, f irpeslaSj dtis. bLicaiii, a, lunnis, is. street, a, t7V^ ae. strength, robur, bris. strenuous, impiger, gra, gnim. strew, to, spargo, 3. sflrifi-, a. //'v, litis. stnk- '^t>igo,2>- saa-r ; 'aa- a'i\a %<\ patior, 3. sai!.a- I \ iiii^iii, poenasdo, i. Sllu to, torqueo, 2. ^ >, tango, 3; attingo, 3. iuugii, durus, a, um. tower, a, turris, is. VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. < transgress, to, transgredior, 3; transire. Trasinienus (lake), Trasimenus, i. travel, through, to, ptrSgro, 1. treaty, foedus, tris. treaty, break a, foedus frangere. treaty, make ^,Joedus icere. treasures, opes, um. treasury, aerarium, i. treasury, — out of the public, pub- lice. tree, arbor, bris. tremble, to, tremo, 3. tribute, tributum, i. triumph, to, triumpho, i. troops, copiae, amm; exercitus, us. trouble, a, molestia, ae. trouble, to, vexo, 1. troublesome, inolestus, a, um. Troy, TroJa, ae._ truth, Veritas, atis; to speak the truth, verum dico, i. true, verus, a, um. trust, to, Jido, 3 ; conjido, 3. try, to, C07wr, i ; experior, 4. tumble down, to, corruo, 3. turtle-dove, turtur, iiris. tyrant, a, tyrannus, i. U. \Jg\y, foedus, a, um. Ulixes, Ulixes, is. uncertain, incertus, a, um. undertake, to, suscipw, 3 ; conor, i ; molior, 4. understanding, mens, lis. unhappy, miser, a, um\ infelix. Ids. unlike, dissimilis, e. unsheath, (a sword), to, stringo, 3. usage, fitus, us. use, to, (make use of), adhibeo, 2; utor, 3. useful, ut^lis, e. useful, to h^,prodesse. utility, utilitas, atis. Vain, in v^m, frustra, (adv.) valley, a, vallis, is. vanish, to, evanesco, 3. vanquish, \o,fundo, 3 ; pello, 3. vapor, vapor, oris. various, varius, a, um. vehement, vehemens, lis. Venus, Venus, l^ris. Vesuvius, Vesuvius, i. vex, to, vexo, i. vice, a, vitiuni, i. victorious, to be victorious, vinco, 3. victory, victoria, ae. view, to, recenseo, 2. vine, c':'-^ is. violent, ichetnens, lis. virgin, a, virgo, tnis. virtue, virtus, utis. virtuous, bonus, a, a;^/ voice, a, vox, vocis. vow, to, voveo, 2 ; spondeo, 2. vulture, a, vultur, iiris. W . Wage war, to, helium gero, 3. wake up, to, expergiscor^ 3. walk, to take a walk, iunbulu, i. wall, a, murus, i ; paries, ^tis. wander about, to, vdgor, i. wanderer, viator, oris. wanting, to be wanting, deesse. war, bellum, i. ware, (store-goods), merx, cis. warlike, bellicosns, a, um. warm, cahdus, a, um. warmth, calor, oris. warrior, =soldier. wash, to, lavo, i. watch, to, custodio, 4. watchman, custos, bdis. water, aqua, ae; to ^rA wnta r, aquor, i. wax, cera, ae. way, a, via, ae\ iter, itin^ris; to open a way, munire viam. weak, injirmus, a, um. wealthy, dives, ttis. weep, to, Jleo, 2. weigh, to, pendo, 2>. welfare, salus, utis. where, ubi. whetstone, cos, cotis. whipped, to be whipped, Z'l^^e, i. whirl-pool, ^«r^re. OS-' VOCABULARY ENGLISH WORDS. wiiy, n^r. wife, uxor, oris. wine, znnu)H, i. wild, fcTii ,, ii /,;;/. wind, t'l*-, : fitus, i. winlf X , ''';.';/, , hihuis. wi-Jt.Pi. ^..ifu niia, ae. Hit, uipiL'fis, iis ; to be wise, sa- pi. ///'' r.\ conciipisco, 3; u iMu---. f stis, is \\ ■ >:;. = /*/.■. ^ // slU'-\v*'If, //^z, ae. woniaii, /f.'/,^/ //',?, u'f- ,■ fHN/ier, <^ris.' w'-iiiic! , ': ■, isiiror, I. 'A vindr^rtii!, niriis, a, um. u ni /i^'/////;/, // to get wood, Hg- \'. i)')(ls, si/z'a, ae. Us I, a, vet bum, i; to keep one's I ; 1 . Jidem, praestare. v ; k a, '"^wr O I DATE DUI DATE BORROWED DATE DUE ft 9' '!> C28 I 546 ) M25 \ ^i 9m. "$^ i„ H i i 111 J H Hi E-n'i )65~'6A? / \ i stymoXo^y^ I