PAM, ’•*A GRAPHIC SERIES T^repared by WORLD OUTLOOK for the CENTENARY COMMISSION OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 111 Fifth Avenue New York City The Graphic Series embraces books on the following countries NORTH AFRICA CHINA • JAPAN • KOREA CENTRAL AERICA MEXICO • MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES SOUTH AMERICA INDIA Copyright, 1919, by World Outlook SIBERIA HARBIN MUKDEN, the CHINESE CHINESE TURKESTAN N REPUBLIC ^ KALGAN ^ PEKIN PPORT ARTHUR NANKIN C H I NVA china proper; Wnkau HANOCHAU ) CHINOTU NANCHANG CHUNGKING* :E¥£SESr KWEIYANC 'HONGKONG ;; "n^Tsm f d TSINAN KIAOCHAI^^ N KIAOCH^ * 7 ^ YENCHAU M TS. PACIFIC OCEAN INDIA INDO CHINA PLENTY OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES The area of China is greater than that of all the nations of Europe. China, formerly a heavy purchaser of wheat, now has flour for export. China has one-fourth of the world’s population, as many people as all the nations of Europe. Not one man in ten can read. Not one woman in a thousand can read. China as we -■»" iunrin bund her G od must have loved the common people because He made so many ' of them.” He must have loved the 400,000,000 Chinese! Even the rivers teem with little boats — the homes of hundreds of families, who dump refuse into the water. And in the river cities the pop- ulation drinks river water, dipped out in buckets I Graves everywhere! In most great centers, to secure ground for any large institution, every grave on the site must be bought up. The bones of an ancestor — dead for hundreds of years perhaps — are carried in a covered jar to some more obscure burying place. The rights of the living have often been mort- gaged for the rites of the dead, but in the new China the living will come into their own. Religions Yet not one with vital power! F or centuries the altar of the Temple of Heaven typified the highest ideas of God among the Chinese. Upon this altar, under the skies, the Emperor presented thank-offerings in behalf of his people. Every non-Christian Chinese wor- ships the ancestral tablets of his family. This custom is at the root of some of the most difficult social problems. The great sage Confucius called him- self “a transmitter, not a maker” of religion, yet for nearly two thousand years his tablet has been worshipped by Chinese students. The common people, failing to realize the lofty ideals of Confucianism, and un- able to stand the expense of all the rites of ancestral worship, have become victims of Taoism and Buddhism. In case of a death in the family, these yellow-capped Taoist priests are called in to chant for the soul of the departed. The Buddhist doctrine of the trans- migration of souls is shown above in a Chinese painting. The wheel of destiny may transform one into a creeping ani- mal. Or a woman who has been very good may become a man in the next world ! a k it. ® IM i hi g 1- 1 ^ ^ ^ St z, i i, * in A hundred years ago a man made his appearance in China with the story of a new civilization— a new God — new hope — a Christ. He was the fore-runner of a mighty army, a powerful force that opened China to education, to the products of our mills and factories, to the ideas of the Great Free West — to Christianity. Unburied dead sometimes dotted the towns with little brick sheds like this one. The bereaved were waiting till all the omens agreed on an auspicious day for their interment. After Dark It was hard work to teach sanitation to people who lived like this. Whose streets were also their sewers. Whose rivers were also their water conduits. It was hard work to convince people like these that the importance they attached to the graves of their dead was a weak spot in their national life. The Greatest Market in C HINA needs only to be shown the ways of the West and she’ll become the West’s best customer. Compare this plow with a modern tractor. How long would a normal, human farmer — be he Chinese or American — continue to use the old plow after he had been shown the ways of a tractor? Ho w long can this six-foot power pump stand against the competition of such enginery as America uses for irrigation? Gangs of coolies, straining at the ropes, pull junks up-river against the current. As they scramble over the rocky path along the steep shores, their cables wear away crevices in he World the boulders. Those crevices are generations deep. People in China don’t cling to methods like that because they prefer them. They “eat up” any improvements they are “shown.” The West is slow to realize that the industrial develop- ment of China will be a world move — a great impetus to commerce, industry, enterprise and invention felt by all the nations. Education F rom the three R’s up to the college of sciences and ’ologies. That is an outline of our program of Christian education in China. We have established 598 primary day schools, in which hundreds of youngsters begin their education. Here we see a roomful of little Chinese, struggling with the gentle art of — not penmanship — but brushmanship. from A to Z S KIPPING up through the 20 boarding high schools and 10 inter- mediate schools, we come to the 4 Union Universities in which Methodists cooperate. The scientific training received in the laboratories and class rooms of these Universities is carrying the New China for- ward by leaps and bounds. Education was China^s first- felt need ! Educatior P LENTY of raw material in the form of school children. What will education— ed- ucation— do for them? Here are some examples of what it can do. Dr. Mary Stone is a graduate of a Methodist mission school. After coming to America for an M. D., she returned to Kiukiang to take charge of a hospital. Uong Gang Huo was one of the many Chinese boys first lured to a Christian school by his desire to learn English. After a college career in America, he is pastor of a growing institutional church in Eoochow and a leader among the officials and students. 4 MOST encouraging “product” ZA of Christian education is Dr. ^ ^ C. T. Wang. Though vice- president of the senate representing the southern faction in China, he was chosen to help voice the in- terests of both North and South at the Peace Table. vill do in Chi ^~^EE the pin cushion! No. You’re wrong. It’s an M.D.’s graphic advertisement. It demon- strates the number of spots he knows how to puncture you in. A jab with the needle lets out the devil that’s kicking up the in- ternal row. rThe Chinese M.D. T HAT’S in China. Some of the old medicinal practice achieves remarkable results, but much of it is absurd quackery. ' If it came to a choice between a “needle doctor’’ and a regular doctor, we’d choose the one who didn’t advertise. This man, heading the lock-step pro- cession, evidently feels as we do. Having been cured of blindness himself, he is leading other blind men to the “foreign doctor.’’ Swinging along the streets comes this ambulance. The ambulance has two speeds, one forward and one aft. But all the speed of the hospital is forward toward the day when the graduates of its medical school will go forth in suffi- cient numbers to put the “needle doctors’’ out of business. Another of China s great needs! I 1 j Enough of this anc P RACTITIONERS of the old school of Chinese medicine agreed with Darwin. Only the “fittest” should survive. Some time ago, during an epidemic of diphtheria, the public was advised to “use women’s toe-nails, bamboo pith and bedbugs; grind to a powder and sprinkle in the throat.” Only the fittest could survive. Our medical missionaries must always overcome such pathetic and tragic igno- rance. A national aversion to bathing and the common unwise use of plasters make skin diseases among the iChina Will be Well Chinese very numerous, common and virulent. Typhus follows in the trail of the frequent fam- ines. Small-pox and tu- berculosis are always present. Seven out of ten babies die. Drawn up against these ravaging foes are our 11 hospitals, which relieve 150,000 to 200,000 suffering people each year. Cases are cited of total blindness cured by skillful operations, festering sores healed by clean treatment, tumors removed successfully. Enough of this and China will be well. The Greatest HRISTIANITY! When Christ becomes the corner-stone of the social structure, age-old customs crumble and a new superstructure rises. AFTER years of Christian agitation against foot-binding, Chinese lead- ^ ^ ers themselves undertook this re- form. “Golden lily feet” are now entirely out of style, though thousands of women and girls in the country don’t know it. Need of All T he Chinese and the missionaries have stood shoulder to shoulder in the fight against opium. Millions of dollars’ worth of opium and opium pipes have gone up in smoke to celebrate victories in the movement. This great dragon procession is a protest against the national curse of gambling. We may look upon the monument to the first martyrs of the revolution as a milestone on the forward march of Christianity. The first president of the Chinese Republic credited Christian missions with being the underlying cause of the revolution which overthrew the monarchy. Many revolutionists and reformers have not been Christians, yet the Christian religion with its freedom of thought has inspired many kinds of reform. Missionary Yet the Christianizing of a nation is more than the conversion of individuals. The missionary’s task is to help train leaders of leaders. Yuan Shih Kai, the first president of the Chinese Republic, said: I amnot a Christian. lamaCon- fucianist. But Confucianism is not strong enough for the crisis which is upon us. Only Christ can save China.'’ In these days of changing China, there is especial need of Christian statesmen. T his pioneer Meth- odist preacher is the kind of “mis- sionary result” that people natura’lly look for. Many young men — “hot hearted” and cool headed young men — have refused tempting offers of larger salaries and easier jobs that they might spread the Message. Results in China AND so we like to look upon the men pictured here as particularly gratifying AA “missionary results.” They are four of the present-day leaders of China, and they are all Christians ! At the left is Mr. Chang Po-ling, one of the foremost educators in China. Standing together are General Chang, former military advisor to the Chinese government, and Mr. Chin, legal advisor to Yuan Shih Kai. At the extreme right is Mr. Wen, minister of foreign affairs in the Chekiang Province. Three of the men whom China has chosen as ministers to western nations have come from Christian schools. One of the representatives of China at the Peace Con- ference in Paris is a graduate of a mission school. Think what that means! Which? The Idea Behind This or Superstition— Stagnation— Social Destruction. The effects of degenerate Buddhism, one of China’s three religions. /, c^-titisrHiASH. i:i ^ ht'lfm, j xit'th lit It , finilitit Ilf i I’th nafilittflr, in fj . / n/>. I'lli tin- i Dtilh II, It ln-l,nt. . ,// t.-M-h ' III, -vt-iiily. i^fkpti, " 'In, ' tlimki-lli lit, r,/) of'l It/. i,,, tnith: ** III j */> ■''f.i.'S'S', ' ,s (Vmi'jff /mi/ /> 5 , nhiuit'f*. tin^y I ilifthfr ////>• ^ if/l //.*•' ••‘/.•*// /'h/^,, t .uiiflf « »'. ' f or . j(i t;ii( u //«.,! -) *' ;.s ,.r- th.-il iiliifli in . ,/ // n /M-ii / Hvi« / , .k/WiAi- ItM .1 < /||/,/ - . »ii I (/;«. iKT./ .. ^ W i '•" "X"-' /iii>“'■ . W i’ 'Y'I ii'JL W y ’ kmntityJL'*’ . hnvn I,// faith. -» «ii«/ hitvf Hift vhat’it}’ afu iiitthiiin "f AruJ though I . '*// iity fftMMla U> ft**^^ 7^->r. „,„1 tifttli'h / ! . C *. '"* *•*' hurtnnl. ftu>f j •'htnitv, it j*n>tit 1 f y*' [•••tiling, '*/ ^tf/ihn th h>n^. ‘**•1 . (•/iA/'t/V t»/i- i ail ,./.*/ I//’- •* All •• ■ftt'ak Zh . ,,.l f, /l"'^ iiMin* m , ."'/ '".f./'"*.'., ''’• fc, \-S>^r'u...ii.-,,.y,,:j‘'. w,'' -.„ 4 1 /-,/;;'.'' . B fit ri‘"‘< h, , >ii,.", iiK, ''u„ "it.y''i.K. V ) ,nil,ll-"-l- •‘'•■III / /, •'■ t, '"■ . ■'•', ■ i**"' '""f-'iit- tn, !.' 'ti, r^'i- "iiZii 'i '‘‘‘ii ."'•{; I’l'-flin-ii •„ / "" 1 ,A'’"»| A'"" i/‘*""i ,7'"'- ^ unto y.n. r /]•'' I, „;y^- --pt / , 'A '•A.:; i The Power in This P/. ifi- X China's C HINA’S millions have long been finding an outlet all over the Pacific basin. The Chinese are the greatest stabi- lizing force in the Far East. The vigorous new life of the Settle- ments acts and reacts upon old China. The first revolution, which resulted in the founding of the Republic, was fi- nanced largely by the southern colonists. In the automobile is Dr. Chen Su Lan, a product of Chinese Christian educa- tion, transplanted in Singapore. In that great center, he constantly exerts a potent influence for Christ. The other side of the story is the materialism which always threatens these seekers of a new destiny. It is up to the Christians of America to see that China’s overflow carries Christianity with it. The Rev. Benjamin Pay (right) pastor of the Chinese church in Manila, is a graduate of a mission college in China overflp^ This substantial little Chinese church in the Straits Settlements, is built on ground giv'en bv a reformed opium- smoker. Boatload of emigrants leaving Hinghwa to seek their fortune in Sibu, Borneo. With them went the youn pastor pictured at the upper left Coming out of N ot many gen- erations ago the barriers to the education of wo- men in the East were well-nigh insurmount- able. To-day a Chi- nese woman is an am- bulance surgeon at a New York Hospital. In the past China shut herself in behind her walls, and ignored the world. She be- came known as the pacifist nation, because /* \ photographs from Western Newspaper Union and French Pictorial Seriice Her Shell of her indifference to world movements. But in the re- cent world war there were Chinese troops and labor battalions with the armies in France and in Egypt. The curiosity that a war correspon- dent’s camera aroused in the group below is typical of China’s attitude towards “new things.” Education will help young China to surmount the old walls. The Hermit Giant has become one of the new- est Republics. The oldest Republic should offer a friendly hand. Is It Worth R ead across the top of these pages. Get the story told in each picture. The story of the missionary’s coming. Of how he told the people of Christ. Of how, through schools, hospitals and churches, he taught them of His love. So that a new ideal of Woman and of Home sprang up among the people. So that little Chinese kidlets get a straight start in life, and grow up into regular citizens, capable of carrying forward the torch of Christian civilization that has been put into their hands by the missionary. While ? T hen read across the bottom OE the pages, it’s a pathetic tale of sights familiar among the lower classes. In which babies are blinded for life by ignorance of common cleanliness. In which floods and famine recur regularly as a result of ignorance and a lack of far-seeing public officials. In which unhappy economic conditions make a wealth of beggars. And to many of the common people life is a drab span of misery with nothing to enliven it but a feast day celebra- tion. Compare these two stories and ask yourself — IS IT WORTH WHILE ? The Obligati onj I N stating her reasons for entering the war America gave voice to some fine altruism. We were in it, not for what we could get out of it, but for what we could make it — namely, a Crusade. A righteous war fought for a righteous cause. World emancipation. The safety of democratic institutions. Liberty. The erasure of the fester spots that blemish the face of the world. Man everywhere must be made to recognize man’s equality — his right to come and go and do as he pleases as long as he observes the common laws of humanity. Weak peoples, little peoples, far-away peoples and oppressed peoples are to have their day. A conscience standard for the world. Well, we won! And victory entails obligations. The world is only a little safer for democracy than before. The task of reducing those sonorous abstrac- tions to a Christian democracy made vital and practical is still before us. World relationships may be adjusted by the League of Nations, but there are things that the Peace Table cannot do for China. o| Victory C HINA is more than a nation— it is a race. In help- ing China we are helping a whole people to find their way into the light of self-hood. Inspiring a quarter of the world to put their dormant strength to work that their power may speed the wheels of world progress. The new world-wide fellow feeling will not allow China to sink in the mire of commercialism. The world- conscience will not see China exploited by an unscrupu- lous minority. Man’s new humanity to man will defeat the brewers who propose to foist their wares upon China when the rest of the world “goes dry.” Never before were the doctrines of Christianity so universally applied to international relationship and to statesmanship. Christianity has never been so large a factor in the field of industry and commerce. It is the Spirit of Christ that will bring freedom — political, economic and religious freedom — to all the peoples of the world. It is the Spirit of Christ that will fill the Centenary coffers to overflowing, that brotherly love and peace and helpfulness and true democracy may be spread broad- cast throughout the world. What We Propose to Dc WHAT WE r PROPERTY 10 Institutional churches ...... 382 City and village churches ...... 12 Missionary residences ...... 53 Native workers’ residences ...... Buildings, land, equipment for above .... $1,061,075 Additional buildings and equipment for four university centers — Peking, Nanking, Fukien, West China. 21 Secondary schools — added equipment . • 328 Primary schools — model day school buildings, etc. • 35 Teachers’ residences ...... 1,879,007 13 Hospitals — additional buildings and equipment . .13 Dispensaries ....... . 9 Doctors’ residences ...... 660,300 Total property and equipment . . $3,600,382 Endowment ....... . 1,806,667 with the Centenary Gift Begging H ave you a little shaver in your home? And has he learned the trick of waiting for the psychological, after-dinner moment — before you bury yourself in the evening paper — to ask you for something he wants very much ? And, looking into his hopeful eyes, you “fall for it” every time. Because he’s yours, and you love him. And have you ever been through a spell of sickness in your house? Which began with hot, feverish little hands, and a droopy little head? Do you recall how those baby eyes dragged open, and lifted to you with an agonized look, pleading for help from the Dad who never refused anything? And you couldn’t give him the relief from pain he mutely begged for. Your eyelids smarted and your throat closed and you ducked out of the room away from those begging eyes. Do you recall the glow of satisfaction that warmed your heart when you gave over your baby to the charge of competent doctors and starchy nurses? And you saw the begging eyes begin to twinkle again? I N China there are hundreds— thousands— of such*;^ begging eyes. And a little Chinese feller’s father, when he has paid a needle doctor and made offerings to a stone god, has done the best he knows how. But a lump fills his throat, too, at the dumb plea he cannot answer. That situation appeals to those of us who are fathers, and to those of us who put our faith in the doctors and nurses. Because so much baby sick- ness in China ends the same tragic way, for lack of doctors and nurses. x)o if S. EARL TAYLOR T his is perhaps the most critical hour in the history of the Church. Enormous masses of men are threatening to shape up a social and political program for the future without any consideration for the Church; and, unless the Church can come into closer, more human touch with these armies of radical-minded men, and with a world program that will command their sympathetic attention, the Church is lost. On the other hand, there is the opportunity, an opportunity unmatched in all the centuries, to help reconstruct the whole world on a truly Christian democratic basis.” educated ChriAtianA d/leady to aiiAwer China'A Cry