FOREIGN CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY SERIES. No. VIII. The Business of Missions.* BY ROBERT T. MATHEWS. “ Look ye out, therefore, brethren, from among YOU seven men of good report, full of the Spirit and wisdom, whom we maj appoint over this business.” — Acts vii: 3. There is a great deal of every-day sense in the Bible. While it contains the revelation of the deep things of God, it is also a storehouse of homely counsels and worldly-wise methods. Its Divine mysteries easily flow into material channels, and become part and parcel of a visible administration. The treasure of God is in earthen vessels; and the earthen vessels, so far from hiding or harming the treasure, have their purpose rather in demonstrating that the exceeding greatness of the power is of God, and not from men. The secret of it all, the reason that the mystery of God so straightly has its practical method, the reason that the eternal purpose of God becomes a power of day or age, the reason that the in¬ finite truth of God sometimes seems so point¬ edly timely and sensible, is that man is the medium of its expression and application. So also is the text before us. The Apostles * An Address before the Foreign Christian Mis¬ sionary Society, Springfield, Ills., October 22, 1896. 1 were confronted with a problem of adminis¬ tration. Inspired to preach the Gospel of grace, and now burdened with the duty of managing the abundant charities offered for the poor, what will they do ? It was not fit that they should forsake the'word of God, and serve tables. Theirs must be the duty of prayer and the ministry of the Word. What will they do? Will they appoint a committee to outline an organization, draft a constitution and by-laws, duly consider names and terms, tabulate a plan of work, and report at the next Pentecost ? A year from that time, would the Association for the Administration of Alms among the Poor—the A. A. A. P.— be born, ready to receive the offerings of the brethren ? Or, would a mass-meeting be called, plans discussed, resolutions voted down, and adjournment take place without either doxology or benediction? Not so. “Look ye out therefore, brethren, from among you seven 7nen.^'’ Not machinery first, but men. Not methods first, but men. “Seven men of good report, full of the Spirit and of wisdom.” Men reputable, spiritual, wise—this was the very first matter to be attended to. The Apostles called for men with three supreme qualifications—men esteemed among their fel¬ low-men, men after God’s own heart, men with executive ability. The right kind of men first. Then what? “ Whom we may appoint over this business.’’^ B-u-s, biz, i, bizi, n-e-ss, 2 business. The great Apostolic precedent of business in Christianity! It was well named “this business.” The money was already in the treasury, _and there had gone out a clamor against some mismanagement—one class neg¬ lected in the distribution of the alms. It was a business, if ever there was one, that would test the reputation, the piety, the wisdom of the men appointed to transact it. The right kind of men in charge of the Lord’s business—such is the principle of the Apostolic precedent under study. It has al¬ ways been so as regards any ministry that God has richly blessed. The history of the Church shines with the lesson a thousand times. Study the origin of Bible societies, tract societies, missionary societies, one after another of pio¬ neer organizations of benevolence, and each has its story of a man or a woman who, in a vision, saw some need, heard some cry of dis¬ tress in the night, and straightway sought to go forth into a new Macedonia, concluding that God had called him or her into a fresh service of the Gospel. Mark three notable examples. Thomas Charles sees the famine of the Bible in his native land. He finds his friend Tarn, and speaks of the destitution. Tarn brings him before a gathering of preachers, and begs for more Bibles in Wales. Joseph Hughes hears the cry, and replies: “ If for Wales, why not for England, and for the world ? So was dropped 3 the fertile seed of one of the world-wide Bible societies. A woman lies upon an invalid’s bed, and, in her weakness and suffering, won¬ ders what she can do for her Lord. She be¬ gins to send flowers to the prisoner in his cell. What poor felon, as he sees the summer rose brought by the children’s hands, with the child] ens smiles, does not see the red-blood love of Jennie Casseday blushing in every leaf? A preacher carries his young people on his heart, in a burden of prayer for their good. He prays, and waits, and watches; and God opens the door of endeavor for millions of young disciples in their faith and zeal. This is God’s lesson. This is the Apostolic way. Given the need, given the faith, given the prayer, then God sends supplies, then comes the call for honorable, pious, practical men; for charity or missions then become a tremendous business. There must be the use of machinery and the skill of management, d he Lord is dispensing bread to hungry thou¬ sands. Let the people sit down on the green grass. Let them arrange themselves in ranks, by hundreds, and by fifties. Let the Lord’s servants receive from His gracious hands the multiplying loaves, and distribute them one after another to the multitudes. Then, when all have eaten, and are filled, let the broken pieces be gathered up in baskets, that nothing be lost. Order, comfort, abundance, dispatch, economy—how these shine in the business of 4 the miracle, according to the Gospel story! The Lord giving; His agents receiving, man¬ aging, distributing! Let us study the lesson for ourselves to-day, as regards the world-wide mission of the Gospel. The world-wide mission of the Gospel is the greatest business of the world. It is the grace of God that brings salvation to all men; and it is the business of the Church to go into all the world and preach the Gospel to the whole creation. The Gospel as a grace and as a business must have its healthy unity in a re¬ spectable, prayerful, efficient administration. The power of such success, instrumentally, lies in men and women trusted by their fellows, filled with the Spirit of God, and wise in their ways and methods. With this ideal of the business of missions, let us study some of its principles and applications. I. In this light we should save ourselves from all controversy or anxiety over the sub¬ ject of the organization of missions. It is alto¬ gether our own fault that we have had a life¬ time war of words over this matter. It has not enough been our first concern in prayer, if need be with fasting, to know the grace of God which might be given in the churches of America, as it was in those primitive churches of Macedonia, when they, in affliction and poverty, gave ac¬ cording to their power, and beyond their power, so that the riches of their liberality as¬ tonished even an Apostle. There has doubt- 5 less resulted some good from this long discus¬ sion on plans and means of work. Now that the smoke of debate has cleared away, we cau see plainly forever the ancient landmarks of liberty in work and worship. But it becomes us now all the more, in the freedom of our privileges, not to make organization the Alpha and Omega of missions, and to neglect the weightier matters—faith, and prayer, and ho[)e. For this is the secret of organization every¬ where—the life within; rising, expanding, un¬ folding life; the larger and fuller the life, the larger and finer the organism ; the su j)er-abound- ing life requiring its reservoirs and conduits, its centers of collection and its channels of dis¬ tribution. When the Lord of hosts opens the windows of heaven, then is the time to make a business of His blessing, if ever thus we can have room enough to receive it. With a growing life of faith and prayer, we need not be surprised that the organization of our missionary work will grow “ from more to more.” It is the last thing under the sun for us Disciples to fear that we shall drift into an ecclesiastical hierarchy. No ; our tendency is to be guarded against another way. We are more likely to run into a false individualism, in which many a preacher becomes, like Ephraim, a wild ass alone to himself.” We need, in our very plea for the organic union of Christen¬ dom, to drink more deeply of the unity of the Spirit, especially in order that, in the business 6 : of world-wide missions, we may demonstrate how strong we stand together in a united, uni¬ versal propagation of the (lospel. We do a great deal, as it is. We do a great deal because of the very sini] licity and vitality of the Gospel that we preach. It is an impres¬ sive fact that every year, in this nation, more than 50,000 are baptized according to the spe¬ cific, historic proclamation of the Day of Pen¬ tecost. It calls for gratitude that still disciples go every-where preaching the Word, and asso¬ ciating themselves as churches, without waiting for the agencies of missionary boards. It chal¬ lenges our admiration that hundreds of weak congregations in the South, the West, the North, the East, regularly partake of the Body and Blood of the Lord, in the absence of the stated preaching of the Word. We do all this ■—we do it by weak individual efforts, we do it in feeble, scattered congregations. It shows vitality ; it evinces growth. But, with an un¬ bound Gospel,.with the simplest tests of fellow¬ ship, what ought we not to do, what might we not expect, what stupendous growth would there not be, if regularly in the closet, in the congregation, we prayed to be filled with the Holy Spirit, to be endued with the grace of giving, and then united ourselves in the busi¬ ness of universal missions. With this unity of the Spirit, in faith and ] prayer, organization would have to come. Missionary work would have to be a business, 7 When Ciod gives His grace in the churches, then is the time for smoothness of machinery ; then is the demand for expeditious methods; then is the call for honesty, economy, wisdom, in the business of missions. There is a stage in the grace of God when it becomes very business-like and practical in its ministrations to humanity, especially as to good works and almsdeeds. Organization may just then be the critical need to house the gifts of God in abundance, to hold them in safety, to appro¬ priate them in equity. Organization becomes the standpipe whither the mighty enginery of prayer pumps the blessings of God, whence they flow in orderly distribution refreshingly to thirsty souls. Organization means cer¬ tainty, regularity, continuity, efficiency, equal¬ ity, whether in the mercy of hospitals or in the glory of missions. Ever let our first con¬ cern be the grace of God in the heart, and or- ganization there will be, organization there must be, to make a business of this blessing. 2. The business of missions lays a special obligation on the pulpil. It is also here first the lesson of the grace of God is given in the congregation. The pulpit must know this grace in an acceptable time, and make a busi¬ ness of it. Do you say that the ])ulpit is both burdened and distracted by these incessant missionary calls? It may be distracted by them; but its heart can not be too heavily burdened by them. The world-wide mission a of the Gospel ought to be a regular business of the pulpit, neither neglected nor slighted. Let the preacher’s conscience test him in a severe self-examination over the discharge of this duty. When did you last preach on a missionary theme? When did you first preach on it? Did you ever preach on it? Do you wait for some one else to stir you up on the matter? Do Priscilla and Aquila have to take you unto them, and expound unto you the business of missions more carefully ? Do even Euodias and Syntyche have to urge you to take up a collection ? Do you commit the sin of David in numbering your little Israel— a thousand members!—and boast of the num¬ ber, while the Lord sees missionary fruitage on hardly one bough of the leafy tree ? Why, the preacher ought to be first and fore¬ most of the men of God in the grace and busi¬ ness of missions. By a profound study of the Word, in fervent prayer, in a skillful homiletics, the world-wide mission of the Gospel may be¬ come the dominant, the fascinating, the en¬ trancing note of the pulpit. Listen! “I ex¬ hort, therefore, first of all, that supplications, prayers, intercessions, thanksgivings, be made for all men ”—the universal prayer ! Who of us forgets it, or ignores it in the pulpit? That prayer in the heart of the preacher, leading the heart of the congregation, may so bring down the grace of God upon all, that the preacher will have to make a business of mis- 9 sions. A missionary pulpit is a safeguard against heresy in the ministry. A missionary pulpit is a remedy of worldliness among church members. A missionary pulpit is a cure of chronic devilism in the congregation. A missionary pulpit is a converting power over the prodigal sons of God. A missionary pul¬ pit is an edifying force among the obedient sons of God. A missionary pulpit engenders the finest intelligence, stimulates the noblest piety, promotes the largest serviceableness in the churches of Christ. A missionary pulpit gives breadth, depth, power, unity in all of one’s preaching. A missionary pulpit is the secret of an endlessly fresh and fruitful minis¬ try of the-Word. The preacher can not make too much of the business of missions in his pulpit. That is his duty, first and foremost, among the men of God. Let us not shut our eyes to obstacles and dif¬ ficulties in the way. Preachers are neither in¬ fallible nor omnipotent. Sometimes they have had to make a campaign of several summers to succeed in taking the first collection in the congregation. Ananias nowadays does not bring even a part of the price of his posses¬ sions, and lay it at the feet of our secretarial apostles; and, when a missionary agent writes somewhat unto a church or a newspaper, Diotrephes, who still loveth to have the pre¬ eminence, receives not the appeal, but forbids it in his columns, or secures a writ of Caesar’s 10 law to silence it in the church. With covetous¬ ness in the pew and officiousness among some of the pillars and sleepers of the congregation, the preacher would have hard enough a bat¬ tle; but his ministry becomes a hopeless tangle among the crowded and crowding appeals for money that come from the four quarters of the earth. I emphasize the duty of the preacher in the business of missions. Nay, I believe that, in the collection of money for missions, more de¬ pends upon the preacher than upon any one else. When each minister has trained his congregation to systematic, liberal giving, the treasuries of our missionary societies will never go begging. But, in order that he may thus train his congregation, and that all of our mis¬ sionary boards may be duly supplied with means, there must come a change in this whole business of annual collections. There are too many missionary days, too many missionary calls. Add the numerous other appeals for money, especially in our city churches—the round of charities besides current expenses—- and the matter becomes distracting, “con¬ fusion confounded,” and confounded confu¬ sion ! Let the change come—fewer missionary days, fewer missionary calls, but larger givin-g. Do you ask how the change be made ? Let there be for the foreign work one Lord’s day in the year, as now; for the general home work, one Lord’s day in the year, not three; for the 11 women’s work, one Lord’s day in the year, not two; for state work, one Lord’s day in the year, not four. Let the F. C M. S. continue its Children’s Day in the Sunday-School. Let the C. W. B. M. still train the Junior Societies and Bands. Why should not the Y. P. S. C. E , with its bugle-call to ‘‘good citizenship,” become the special patron of the great mother society of all, and pray and give for America? Fewer missionary days, fewer missionary calls, but larger giving! Four high Lord’s days in the year for the fellowship of organized missions ! The change must come, if we ex¬ pect our preachers to be able to discharge the supreme obligation resting so heavily upon them. It takes time to train a congregation to systematic, liberal giving—not a big spurt one year, and a little ooze the next. Espec¬ ially does it require preparation to make each missionary day a high day of grace and giving. With fewer days and fewer calls, our preach¬ ers could have a free course in the business of missions. They could mightily pray and preach on the world-wide Gospel, and wisely lay their plans for generous offerings by the congregation. I believe that with this urgent change the majority of our ministers can soon be enlisted in the fellowship of organized missions, where they will not be, and can not be, in the present crowd and clamor of ap¬ peals. Give the preachers the right oppor- tiinity to })rove their name, their faith, their skill in the business of missions. 3. We may hence appreciate the place and service of our missionary boards. Why do they exist ? For the very best business reasons. They are a necessity in the business of organ¬ ized missions. For missions on a world-wide scale inevitably become a business. An indi¬ vidual mission, sustained by one disciple or by one congregation, has its own right place in the progress of the Gospel. Nay, God has blessed the workers who have gone out into the dark lands, moneyless and helpless, and He has commanded the ravens to feed them morning and evening. But in Paul’s day and in our day, when missionary work grows, ex¬ pands, interwines with civilization, becoming knotted with all the needs and interests of human society, then inevitably the missionaries must rob many a church, taking wages of it, that they may minister the Gospel in a large, wise, settled continuity of seed-time and har¬ vest. The churches giving money by tens of thousands of dollars, dozens and hundreds of missionaries banded together in preaching sal¬ vation, the missionary board the mediating power between the churches at home and the missionaries in the field—this is the lo^ic of the business of missions. It becomes a prac¬ tical necessity. The missionary board thus is neither self- appointed nor autocratic. It is a representa- 13 tive body. The ideal of its personality is the Apostolic ideal that pleased the people—“ men of good report, full of the Spirit and of wis¬ dom.” d'he rich history of this executive ad¬ ministration throughout Christendom is the best proof of the common sense of the organ¬ ization. There is no gathering under the sun where more strikingly do grace and business meet together, where more chastely do prayer and plan kiss each other, than in the regular meeting of these representative men around the missionary table. There is no body cor¬ porate named among men that has a finer credit in bank and market than the great his¬ toric missionary societies. There is no service of man that better incarnates the two highest qualities of the natural man, intelligence and force, and better incarnates the two highest qualities of the spiritual man, light and love — these in a vital unitv of character—than the j service of missionary secretary. Well may this type of men be looked out and appointed over this business- Not a sine¬ cure, but ‘‘this business”—that is the word to describe the labor of the executive commit¬ tee of a missionary co-operation. You would have to see the committee in session, to ap¬ preciate the magnitude of the work and the multiplicity of the details. It is enough some¬ times to tax the understanding of Solomon ; enough sometimes to perplex the casuistry of Socrates- enough sometimes (I speak it rever- 14 ently) to try the heart of the Lord Jesus. These men have grown sober indeed, and they have lost sleep, because of that which pressed upon them daily, anxiety for the missionaries, ddiey may have made mistakes. The surprise rather is that the mistakes are so few. There have been times when these counselors, bur¬ dened with the tearful appeals, or the hard strains, or perhaps the honest differences of the workers in the far-off fields, could but fall with their “ weight of cares Upon the great world’s altar-stairs That slope through darkness up to God.” For a decision must be arrived at. These brethren, sitting in council, are not there to theorize nor speculate, but to decide what seems wise because of some present distress; and they prayerfully give their “judgment,” as those that have “obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.’ The missionary executive committee is, therefore, a rational product in the evolution of missions. Such a public office is a public trust, the trust of the people not in one self- willed leader, however industrious and aggres¬ sive, but in a balance of counselors. We select them for their personal reputation, their spiritual character, their discreet understand¬ ing, to transact the business of missions. Two points of business we must steadily keep in mind: first, whenever necessary, to enlarge 15 the number of secretaries; and, second, to allow them liberty of methods, while we hold them strictly responsible for efficient service. Let us dictate to them no niggardly restric¬ tions. Certainly the time has gone by for either requiring, or for boasting, that money by the thousands can be receipted, appro¬ priated, disbursed without care or cost. Such a picayunish notion is not piety; and, plainly enough, it is not business. We ought to have fewer missionary days and fewer missionary calls; but the time has come, I verily believe, for us to have not fewer, but more, missionary secretaries. The investment in noble, faith¬ ful, intelligent men, appointed by the churches to travel in the business of this grace, to organize and oversee missions, is a paying investment. When they do their work right they earn their salt, and deserve the honor of their brethren. As the grace of God abounds among us in prayers and gifts, the very next business step is to enlarge the number of secretaries at least on our national boards, that they may transact daily the multiplying duties of the council and the field. The history of the Foreign Christian Mis¬ sionary Society amply merits the praise and trust of its constituents. Its record of business is the record of an honorable and prayerful, practical administration. Notably does its simple organization, so congruous with the Apostolic polity of the Church, elicit the JG blessings and energies of brotherly fellowship. For, brethren, when our individualism is recti¬ fied as a people we Disciples know one an¬ other. So many of us meet one another every week, as it were, in the synagogues of our journalism ; and better still, we gladly hasten every year to Jerusalem, to enjoy the Feast of Tabernacles in our national convoca¬ tion. We know one another by name, by face, in the service of our Lord; and the more intimate the acquaintance grows, closer, sweeter, diviner becomes our co-operation in the Gospel. This national convention is hal¬ lowed ground. Statistics, figures, reports— the business of missions—glow with the light of the presence of God. We are learning, in the intercession of the Holy Spirit, better how to pray, we are learning better how to plan, for world-wide evangel¬ ism. In and through the hours ‘ of these sessions, the voices of the dead and the voices of the living mingle in the sacred ac¬ cents of memory and hope. Our pioneer fathers, now a great cloud of witnesses, en¬ compass our ground of work, while still old men advise and exhort young men of the third and now the fourth generation of our reform¬ atory movement. It means so much for onr good, it expresses the whole genius of our ex¬ istence, that the first president of this Society, unquestionably second to Alexander Campbell in labor and honor, inherited and bequeathed 17 richly the sound tradition of our plea for the unity of the Spirit and the progress of the Gospel. It is a blessing of Providence, deeply touching the heart, that succeeding Isaac Errett, and still at his post in a green old age, stands another coadjutor of Campbell, a ven¬ erable representative of the past, untiring and efficient in executive labor—his own soul white with the chastening of the Lord in the sacrifice of the daughter who magnified Christ first by life, then by death, as a missionary heroine. It makes this year’s gathering particularly no¬ table that he who has served so long and so wisely as secretary, comes home from his cir¬ cuit of the globe, to fire our hearts with mis¬ sionary zeal, while he redoubles his prayers and sacrificial toils for universal evangelism. Nor, as the missionary years go by—this our 21 St anniversary—is it a small matter of gratu- lation that he who was so recently called as a feliow secretary, “whose praise in the Gospel is spread through all the churches,” has sig¬ nally proved his force and skill, so that, in the lengthening of cords and the strengthening of stakes, we all have learned better than ever the lesson of the business of missions. Facing the future, to evangelize the world, as the mighty work obligates us at home, proving the good of this stalwart organization, proving the faith and diligence of the pulpit, above all proving the devotion and wisdom of the ex¬ ecutive committee, let this be our prayer: 18 “Now, the God of peace, who brought again from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep with the blood of the eternal covenant, even our Lord Jesus, make us perfect in every good thing to do his will, working in us that which is well-pleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; to whom be the glory for ever and ever. Amen.” 19 PUBLICATIONS — OF — Foreip Christian Missionarf Societf. Missionary Intelligencer^ 24 pages with cover; monthly; single copy 5 cents, one year 50 cents. Missionary Voice, quarterly; single copj^ 2 cents, one year 10 cents. Heathenism, by F. E. Meigs, 8 pages. Foreign Christian Missionary Society, by A, Mc¬ Lean, 8 pages. Heathen Claims and Christian Duty, by Mrs. Isa¬ bella Bishop, F.R.G.S., 12 pages. Mis sions i7i the Life of Christ, by A. McLean, 16 pages. Our Lord's Last Command, by A. McLean, 12 pages. An Appeal for World-wide Evangelism, 10 pages. Missions Imperative, by W. J. Lhamon, 8 pages. Business of Missions, by Robt. T. Mathews, 19 pages. Immediate Preparation for the March Offering, by Geo. Darsie, 15 pages.' ^I^^Anv of the above tracts can be had at ONE CENT per copy or 50 cents per hundred.