CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT ^ & THE SECRETARY AS TO AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN AFRICA PRINTED FOR THE INFORMATION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES December 1, 1927 NEW YORK CARNEGIE CORPORATION OF NEW YORK REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT THE SECRETARY AS TO AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM IN AFRICA NEW YORK 1927 • . • * • . f ,wr : .'."isi*.. ■ ■ ■ _? VJI f ■'. 'pmrTTm .- "V "W a ^ ■«?' •■■' ■■ .>;. • ' 1 . r .*j mM.‘ .') -i i, * 1. * *r-^ ■^ *^ .** ^ ^ /* I PC -• • - /. • ♦ *f -;V 7 ' f }is-.i *>•* , < -J *- f •" ’ 1 '* I. * ••’ ■. -i •. / ^>Mr jMiCCCT 'C'lv^'ia ■ t ♦ ^ *,i\ 'r ■ ■ .-i y -.Vi ‘ ^ ' •■'■ •■ . 4'>)k-. *•'•>.>'.■• ■’" ' '^•i ‘ ■' i • "'•'• ■• ^ . V ■'•.' % i •••1 • ’ -.’ c' r V \ V.., ■• •■ ■’■•' ■.< -nr 'S ■L. • 'J-* / * •• ^ ■ ‘ ' ^ •' '*•' . i r *'♦ ^ m t 'l y 7 •. ^ ?■* '-Wl y * ?T •. .»*“ ^ *i 7 . - ' : "v!*fc ■ '.. ' . ' -=■ ' #>■ / \ 'I J‘* 1 ? +' 7 .' 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Resolution B-436 Appropriation to cover cost of visit to Africa. Minute recorded October 20, 1927 Report submitted to Board of Trustees. Report referred to Executive Committee. Resolution X-397 Acceptance of Report, as policy for African program, recommended by Executive Com¬ mittee. Resolution B-482 Report accepted; five-year program involving appropriations not to exceed ^500,000 in the aggregate adopted. Specific grants to be recommended to the Board of Trustees by the Executive Committee. . 1 ' H ' ti* ' ■ '^* ^R-J w'- » . •;.. n M «* ' •, * -1 ...., • *’^^.' ■ 'I’SL - -5v / , > '■-• •A*': • a T ■•>; ■ t ft •» . ' .i»*^ • ' ij. *^i ftl ■■ “' -■■ . ■ ■'•* 4t ■ ‘r "Vf J. y -w ‘•'.ft ♦ ■r t i b. . ‘J. '.if * ■'! -. ;. 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"'.i '■•-'. >■ ■ ••••:'■' KmAhK^ JSLSti M .rftVrjUftj r Bf2J4 ’• ^’V - ^ i*T*2 • • -‘/T • ‘>5 ' ^;' ‘.Sj xJ>A ‘ .n M M -Hb.- ,• iSi\'^ • ".v-i .' * ti *■ fi. -..mA '. j- • V * ► »^V*! r;*T ■•'■..-iv V- *l ■:- ■ y; ^ v;, ‘ •, ..;^A ■' ti ">. i ■ fih ' ■ .1 « « ft. • g • • I- ',. •• * r <9 > ihr“- ■> '■ * iv3 ■<■'”' ■ •v-' u, ‘ ftBssMbSiu l&.i^.'S ..'■ ,- .^ ^._ ,..; “ ■ w-.> ..I* vi'iVi.i _ . h--\ , "•■' ,f. • '■'■ i ^V'* *r t , .». i. •« ., . . ,,, y- ,y\l Vt.: . * . 'V-« To THE Trustees of the Carnegie Corporation of New York: We beg leave to submit the following report upon the trip to Africa made by us pursuant to Resolution X316, adopted on November 8, 1926: After a few days of preliminary conferences in London we visited, between June 28 and September 2, 1927, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Zanzibar, Southern Rhodesia, and one town in Northern Rhodesia; and in the Union of South Africa, the Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal, and the eastern and western provinces of the Cape. We had no opportunity to visit Nigeria and the other British possessions in West Africa, but judging from the reports of the Phelps-Stokes Commissions and other sources of information, we believe that the education of the native is being carefully studied and generously supported by the governments concerned, and that the white population is too small to offer any opportunities to the Corporation. Nyasaland, which we were also forced to omit, offers better oppor¬ tunities, regarding which full information is available. In all we visited 124 institutions, necessarily very rapidly in most instances, but in many cases making a careful examination. Disregarding casual contacts, we have discussed with 439 persons the possible relations of the Corporation to Africa. These include the Governors of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika, the Premier and ex-Premier (General Smuts) of the Union of South Africa, the High Commissioner from India, the principals and faculties and selected students of all the degree¬ granting institutions, the heads of government departments, of schools, missions and libraries, of research institutions and museums. In addition to 94 applications for specific grants made to us directly, many of them being for the erection of town libraries, we have had opportunity to discuss both with individuals and with groups the possibilities of co-ordinated programs, based upon objectives of general interest rather than upon the needs of single institutions. There were about 100 of these discussions. Our steamer days were largely devoted to the study of books, pamphlets, and typewritten reports and memoranda which we had obtained in advance of our visit, or which were furnished to us in Africa. These have been classified and annotated and are at the disposal of the Trustees. That we were able to do so much in the brief time at our disposal is due to the extraordinary hospitality and courtesy of every one with whom we came into con¬ tact, and primarily to the help of Dr. Charles T. Loram, Commissioner of Native Affairs of the Union, who gave up his vacation in order to accompany us from our arrival in Rhodesia (July 25) until we sailed from Capetown (September 2) and who devoted his entire time to making our trip as useful as possible. Dr. Loram, a graduate of Cambridge in Arts and Law and of Columbia in Education, is a recog¬ nized leader in British Africa, a man of wide experience, unbounded energy, and with a host of devoted friends. We feel that not only are we personally but the Corpora¬ tion as a whole is under a deep sense of obligation to him. Of the many others who 7 have helped us, special acknowledgment is due to J. H. Oldham of London, to the Acting Governor of Kenya, Sir Edward Denham, to Major Keane of Uganda, to the Colonial Secretary of Southern Rhodesia, Mr. Leggate, to Mr. Rheinallt Jones, Sir William Thomson, Professor Robert B. Young, Sir Spencer Lister, and Dr. Oren- stein of Johannesburg, Mr. D. McK. Malcolm of Natal, to Chief Magistrate Welch of the Transkei and to Sir Carruthers Beattie of Capetown. We fully realize the incompleteness of the information to be gained in so rapid a survey, but we believe that we have obtained a fair bird’s-eye view of the situation as a whole, and that we have made contacts, and we hope friendships, which will be of service to the Corporation for many years to come. A secondary outcome of our trip has been the opportunity to discuss with many keenly interested persons the organization and policies not only of the Carnegie endowments and other American funds, but of our educational institutions. A considerable number of South African students have already visited the United States and many others are hoping to do so. As a result of what we have heard and seen, we have reached the following general conclusions: British Africa offers in certain fields admirable opportunities to the Corpora¬ tion to carry out the conditions of its special trust, but the specific enterprises must be chosen with great care to avoid, (a) Relieving either public or private agencies from their own duty. (b) Taking steps which would involve us in current political controversies; especially in Kenya and South Africa, political questions arouse the strongest feelings. (c) Entering fields which could better be dealt with by other non-African agen¬ cies. The opportunities in public health work, for example, particularly among the natives, are outstanding, but we believe it would be to the general interest to refrain from dealing directly with them until the Rocke¬ feller Foundation has been given the fullest opportunity to decide whether it should undertake a comprehensive African program. (d) Embarking upon a program involving a group of specific grants in any field before a foundation has been laid in informed public opinion and represen¬ tative group organization. In scientific research, for example, such a founda¬ tion has been laid, and there is now in existence a Research Grant Board both competent and willing to work with the Corporation. For native affairs, similarly, there is available an Advisory Board on Bantu Studies and Research. Both of these bodies have been officially set up by the Govern¬ ment of the Union of South Africa in recognition of public interest. In each case the members would act informally for the purpose of advising the Corporation. For the moment it would probably be wise to limit their activities to the Union, but after the findings of the recently appointed 8 Royal Commission to East Africa have become available, it is hoped that by appropriate augmentation of their members in each case, the two groups may be in a position to act in an advisory capacity for all of British Africa. On the other hand, though there is a crying need for books, both for scholarly and general use, and for scientific journals, for the Corporation to make specific library grants at this time would be to build upon the sand, for there is no organization of librarians, no general spirit of co¬ operation in using the resources now at hand, and in general no realization of what modern library service means. Turning now from negative considerations to positive, the following factors seem to us of particular significance: (a) In new communities where there is so much to be done on every hand and where steps to supply immediate needs would be enthusiastically welcomed, it is particularly important to concentrate upon fundamentals, or in other words to take the long view. (b) It is also important, even more so than in the United States, to group the enterprises with which the Corporation concerns itself, so that instead of scattered results, there may be a cumulative effect, even if within relatively narrow limits. (c) The specific elements which single out British Africa from other parts of the world must be borne in mind: its remoteness from other centres of culture, its small and widely scattered European population; a present lack of sympathy and understanding in certain important matters as between East Africa and South Africa, and between the English and Dutch elements in the latter; the conflict of races, not only as between black and white but with the Indian and colored (half-caste) elements further complicating the situa¬ tion. It is still uncertain whether the dominant culture of the future will be white or black, or whether a balance between white and black can be effected. The basis of the economic life must also be considered: gold and diamonds have reached and perhaps passed their maximum; other mineral resources are undeveloped; advance in tropical agriculture depends in large measure upon the solution of problems demanding intensive scientific re¬ search, and depends even more upon a better understanding of the native as the most important “natural resource” of the entire region. The ex¬ isting sources of support for enterprises falling within the scope of the Corporation are in many respects peculiar to the region. Government, for example, assists private educational institutions in many ways, notably by providing loans for the construction of buildings, and by meeting the salaries of teachers at missions, etc. On the other hand, although a few 9 notable examples have been set, there is no stream of individual gifts, even from the alumni of the institutions concerned. Where philanthropy touches financial profit, however, as in the case of the treatment of the natives in the mines, organized business has been both far-seeing and generous in its contributions. Nowhere else in the territory open to us do Christian missions play so important a part in education. Not only is the education of the natives almost wholly in their hands, but to a certain degree that of whites as well. Their role is officially recognized by Government, which pays the salaries of teachers and contributes in other ways. The missionaries bring to their educational task extraordinary devotion and sympathy, but from the nature of the case^—education still being for them, though to a lessening degree, a means to an end, namely, the spread of the Gospel— their professional qualifications are not always of the first order. With government support has come government supervision, or rather over¬ sight, but here again what impresses the visitor is in general the devotion and character of the agents rather than their familiarity with the most recent educational thought and practice. The visits and reports of the Phelps-Stokes Commission have had a profound infiuence throughout Africa, particularly toward the realization of the value of practical instruction. In general the attitude of Government toward native educa¬ tion is now enlightened and though public opinion among the whites still lags be¬ hind, the situation here is rapidly improving and there is no longer the unbroken hostility toward any step to “educate the nigger out of his usefulness.” Altogether the time seerns most favorable for constructive educational work among natives and other non-Europeans. For the higher education of whites and for research there are if anything too many institutions in South Africa; the supply of able and adequately trained men and women is, we believe, adequate, and they are reasonably well supplied with mechanical equipment. They are, however, ill-supplied with books and journals, and they lack the funds for field work and for contact with one another. In some fields there are facilities for publication, in others these are lacking. The larger towns have excellent “technical colleges” on the level of our mechanics institutes, which in addition to their full-time classes also do work in adult education; otherwise the opportunities in this field are almost untouched. The museums, even in the smaller towns, are admirable, but there are only two art collections worthy of note. The most unsatisfactory field of cultural activity is the library. In the entire region there are only five respectable collections—one under government, three under town and one under university direction. The town libraries almost without exception cling to the obsolete subscription type of organization, and are public 10 only in name. As we have already stated, there is no professional organization of librarians, no provision for their training, no “library movement.” Having in mind the various considerations thus briefly set forth, we venture to present for the consideration of the Board the following specific projects: 1. Scientific Research (a) A five-year program of co-operation with the Government Research Grant Board acting informally as indicated above. This would involve an annual grant of £2000 for the period, to be allotted by the Council in support of specific researches. The Corporation should refer to this Board the various projects which have been submitted to it, with such comments as may be made thereon by the Carnegie Institution and the National Research Council, but the local Council should be free in its discretion to go outside these enterprises in making its allotments. We have met practically all the present members of this Council and have familiarized our¬ selves with its procedure in making government grants, and we believe that its collaboration in this field would be invaluable to the Corporation. We recommend also a supplementary annual grant of £750 to enable the Council to grant travelling allowances to men or women of proved capacity. The purpose of these grants is not to enable young scholars to complete their formal training (indeed, it should be stipulated that no work leading to a degree should be under¬ taken) but rather to offer an incentive and stimulus at the point where these are often the most needed, i. e., when the ordinary fellowships are no longer available and before the professorship, with its sabbatical privileges, or the directorship is reached. For American scholars the Guggenheim Fellowships meet the need we have in mind. (b) A Co-operative Research No research of this character has been undertaken in Africa, though there is keen interest in what has recently been taking place in the United States. There are outstanding opportunities for such studies upon questions touching the natives, and also in South African agriculture, but it has seemed to us that the most immediately useful and the most stimulating would be a study of what are known as the “poor whites” of South Africa. There are now more than 120,000 of the small total of Europeans who have sunk below the economic level of the more advanced natives and who present a problem of the utmost gravity, which neither sociology, nor economics, nor public health, nor psychology and education can deal with alone. Valuable results might be obtained, however, if it were made possible for them to work together. Competent men in all these fields are available in the universities, although it might prove desirable to call in from the outside an organizing secretary (not a director) familiar with enterprises of this character. To avoid possible complications, an invitation to the Corporation from some non-political body to support the study is essential, and we have had intimations that such an invitation would be forthcoming 11 from the Dutch Reformed Church, the best possible agency; for most of the poor whites are of Dutch stock, and practically all are Dutch (or rather Afrikaans) speak¬ ing and under the wing of this Church, which is now expending considerable sums for poor-relief among them. If the Corporation is favorably disposed toward this project, the Research Grant Council should be asked to pass upon its importance and timeliness and to approve the personnel, but thereafter the enterprise should be so carried on as to redound to the credit of the Church. It is estimated that the contribution of the Corporation for the purposes should be £4000, payable £2000 annually. 2. Library Service Of the few well-trained librarians in South Africa, there are perhaps half a dozen who realize that even with present resources the service of books could be greatly improved through co-operation and through the application of ideas already in successful operation elsewhere. Without help from outside, these men are helpless to better existing conditions. A few influential laymen are sympathetic, but in general they are prophets without honor in their own country. After extended discussion, both with librarians and with leaders in other fields, we propose as a first step toward laying a foundation upon which future action must be based if it is to prove profitable, that the Corporation provide the funds to enable a representative group of South Africans to invite two librarians of international reputation to spend several months there. One should be English or Scotch, and one Canadian or American; one should be in a position to speak with authority upon public libraries and their administration, and one primarily a bibliographer, preferably a university librarian. Above all they must be men of sympathy and tact, who would make no effort to dominate the situation but would for the time being join the local group for an exchange of experiences and ideas. Their visit would arouse wide-spread public interest in the library as an instrument of culture, and it could be made the occasion of conferences not only of librarians, but of teachers and investigators, of government officials, etc. Out of these conferences might be expected to come some form of library association and some scheme for the training of librarians, and the formulation of library law, and, finally, a report on existing conditions and needs (to be signed not by the visitors alone but by the group as a whole). Such a report would not only guide the Corporation as to its own action for the future, but it would, it is hoped, have far-reaching influence in South Africa itself. If the Cor¬ poration approves this scheme in principle, it should provide not only for the honoraria and expenses of the visitors but should place at their disposal funds sufficient to pay the travelling expenses of those called into conference (not a small item in South Africa). It would be most desirable also if a limited sum were set aside to make immediately possible certain steps which have seemed to us obviously needed, but which would be doubly useful if they could appear to come as the first- 12 fruits of the proposed conferences. We have in mind, for example, small collections for the isolated mission stations, supplemented by a circulation of boxes of books; simple libraries for the centres of educated natives and other non-Europeans, as, for example, at the native Parliament at Umtata; a supply of books for the South African Training Ship and for circulation among its graduates at sea; a model school library; and possibly a grant to fill the most glaring deficiencies in the libraries of the university colleges and technical colleges. In all, the plans proposed would call for about £4500. 3. Native Education and Culture Here as in the case of scientific research there already exists a representative body with which the Corporation may work, namely, the Union Government Advisory Board on Bantu Studies and Research, which, as we have indicated, might in due course be augmented to deal with projects outside the Union. In recommending our program we have in mind the fact that, outside the Union, co-operation with the Government in advancing native education seems the most practicable, almost the only practicable field open to the Corporation at present. There are so many different missions that our energies would be scattered if we endeavored to deal directly with them, but Jeanes Schools in their territories would help them all, as would also the researches proposed. As for the white popu¬ lation, there are no degree-granting institutions with which to work, and help for the few existing public libraries should in our judgment await the development of leadership in the Union. (a) Additional Support of Jeanes Schools Without question the most important single step in the advancement of the Afri¬ can native has been the adaptation, under the leadership of Dr. Thomas Jesse Jones and Dr. J. H. Dillard of the Phelps-Stokes Commission, of the principle of supervision for rural education which has been so successful in our own negro schools. We are already co-operating with the Colonial Government in carrying on a Jeanes School for the training of native supervisors in Kenya; and similar help in Uganda, in Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, and in one or two points in the Union would be most welcome to the Governments concerned, which stand ready to provide buildings and to make contributions in money at least equal to the Corporation grant. This plan if carried out would cost £5000 annually for four years. {b) Educational Research In our visits to native schools we were depressed by the poor quality of the material used for instructing the pupils in their own vernacular. For example, the 13 illustrated reading charts have in general been prepared, from scanty funds, by missionaries with little knowledge of educational psychology, and even less of artistic presentation; nowhere are native designs used, though many of these are very beautiful. Our suggestion of a demonstration of what might be done, using some widely used native tongue like Swahili, was eagerly welcomed. This would in¬ volve the collaboration of local teachers who understand the language and the life of the native with two outsiders, one an educational psychologist and the other an artist. Before the charts were printed, considerable experimental work with the children would be necessary. When it is remembered that the native who goes to school at all receives on the average only two or three years’ training, and that his teacher has not had much more, the importance of the very best teaching material is manifest. After a demonstration has been made for one language, which it is estimated would cost £3000, the extension for the other languages of the Bantu peoples would be relatively simple and inexpensive. Mental Tests At present the selection of the handful of natives for whom there are places in the higher schools or in government employ depends wholly on missionary recom¬ mendation or on the good opinion of some native commissioner or other official. The problem has never been attacked by the technique of mental measurement. It is believed that a set of simple tests suitable to the Bantu mentality, and in one of the more widely distributed tribal languages, would before long demonstrate that a much more satisfactory method of selection is possible. This is a wholly new idea to almost every one with whom we spoke, and the place of the experiment should depend on the assurance of intelligent and sympathetic local collaboration- It is estimated that the initial demonstration would cost £1500. (c) Other Grants In addition, a grant of £2500 is recommended to support a Government Vaca¬ tion School in the Union, also a grant of £3750 to be distributed under the direction of the Associated Joint Councils, composed of representative Europeans and natives, which perform in South Africa the same functions as the Commission on Interracial Co-operation does in the United States. 4. Other Non-Europeans The colored people of the Cape, originally composed of Bushman, Bantu, Malay and White elements, now forma large (600,000) and relatively stable group. While many possess considerable natural intelligence and skill, their economic position is dangerously low, and their opportunities for education are very poor. The Technical College at Capetown is an excellent institution, under enlightened direction, and a 14 grant to it of £1750 in the interest of technical training for colored students would be welcomed, and would be wisely used. The Indian population, which in the Union is concentrated in Natal, presents many difficulties. While the individual native is as a rule liked by his white neigh¬ bors, the Indian is detested and there is little or no desire among the Europeans to improve his condition. It is nevertheless quite as much to their interest as to the Indian’s that his earning and consequently his purchasing power be raised. The Government of India has sent a very distinguished Brahmin, Mr. Srinivasa Sastri, as High Commissioner to the Union, and we had the opportunity of discussing the situation with him. Mr. Sastri has raised among the more wealthy Indian mer¬ chants a considerable sum for the establishment of a technical college for his people at Durban, but additional funds are needed. There is already a well-equipped technical college for whites in the city, and in our judgment a school for Indians, if established, should be affiliated with it. In the present state of public opinion instruction would have to be given separately, but there would be manifest econo¬ mies and other advantages in some form of educational union. It should be said that neither Mr. Sastri nor the Technical College authorities will take the initiative to bring this about, but a grant of £3000 from the Corporation, conditional upon some such plan as now obtains for colored technical students at Capetown, might settle the question. 5. Art and Archeology South Africa has a good tradition in music, but has made relatively little progress in the pictorial arts. Thanks to the generosity of a few individuals, how¬ ever, it has the beginnings of two important public art collections, which will be better appreciated when art education is further advanced. There are three promising university art departments—at Johannesburg, Durban, and Capetown. At each the personnel is far better than the equipment, and three of the art teaching collections already distributed to American and Canadian Colleges, each costing about £1000, would be a godsend. In the related field of archaeology a grant of £1500 to permit the publication of two remarkable collections of copies of the Bushman cave paintings and to record some of the more recent discoveries in Rhodesia would give particular pleasure in South Africa and would, we believe, be justified by the inherent importance of the material. Later on the Corporation might aid in the study of Bantu music and design, both of which offer opportunities of unusual interest, but a decision on this point should await the development of the program of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, which is largely financed by the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Foundation. 15 6. Adult Education Sporadic attempts have been made to develop adult education in South Africa, but without success except as regards the part-time courses of the technical col¬ leges at Johannesburg, Durban, and Capetown. This is not to be wondered at in view of the existing difficulties. Thanks to his climate, the South African is an out¬ door person rather than a reader; he has available no service of books in the modern sense, and the universities and colleges are still concentrated upon developing their intramural work. For the present the most practical help which the Corporation could give would be to enable one of the cities, preferably Durban, where the best foundation has been laid, to employ for a year or two a first-rate tutorial lecturer and organizer of the type which the Worker’s Education Association has developed in England. This would cost £850. For the natives the first step would seem to be the provision of books for such centres as the Bantu Men’s Association at Johannesburg. 7. Visits to and from Africa The criticism is frequently made, and we believe it to be valid, that in Africa education and culture generally suffer from too slavish an imitation of British institutions and practices, whereas the actual conditions of life are much more similar in Canada and the United States, and suggestions as to how African prob¬ lems can most effectively be solved are in many instances more likely to be found in these countries. Thanks to the Phelps-Stokes Fund, the contact with the United States in the interest of negro education has already been made and is being main¬ tained by an interchange of visits. With the exception of agricultural education, however, and to a less degree engineering, there is no corresponding “bridge” in the educational and cultural interests of the whites. If the Corporation were to make possible a limited number of visits both to and from Africa, the step would be greeted with enthusiasm, and the recent experiment of the Rockefeller Foundation in Australia and New Zealand to meet very similar conditions has, we believe, demonstrated its practical usefulness. For a three-year period this would cost approximately £18,000. From Africa should come leaders to study our technical and commercial schools, our public school systems, museums and parks, our libra¬ ries, extension work, community welfare, etc. To Africa should go the librarians and the adult education organizer already mentioned, a town planner, a home economics expert, etc. The separate university colleges, loosely grouped together in the University of South Africa, have many excellent qualities, but both faculty and students suffer from their isolated position. If for a five-year period a first-r ate college teacher from this side of the Atlantic, incidentally familiar with academic administration, should each year divide his time among these institutions, the effect would be most stimulating. This would cost about £7500. 16 8. Possible Additional Grants Among the many other suggestions which we have received are two which we regard as relatively less desirable than those already mentioned, but which it might prove wise to include for the purpose of balancing the program. In view of the unsettled state of educational affairs in Kenya (the Director of Education is about to be changed) it has not seemed wise at present to suggest further steps in this field there, and as a consequence our program in that important colony is relatively light. The wife of the Governor, Lady Grigg, has by valiant efforts established a maternity centre in the native compound near Nairobi, and has appealed to the Corporation for help. It might be wise to offer a grant of £1000 in the interest of health education in connection with this centre. Finally, the admirable Government Health Service of Uganda (where our program is also relatively light) is very anxious to try out the usefulness of one of the motor dispensaries which proved so useful in France during the War. While we have deliberately refrained from suggesting purely medical projects, lest our pro¬ gram might interfere with that which we hope the Rockefeller Foundation may decide to undertake, the indirect value of this mobile dispensary in the health education which forms so essential a part of the Jeanes idea might justify an exception in this case; the cost would be £1200. Conclusion The program which we have outlined would commit the Corporation to an expenditure during the fiscal year 1927-28 of from £37,600 to £39,800, depending upon whether the last two items are included, and of £51,000, spread over the ensuing four years. To this latter figure should be added a sum which may be roughly estimated at £20,000, which we believe could profitably be devoted to library service as a result of the special study and report which we have proposed. The total, £110,800, or almost exactly one year’s income from the Special Fund, though substantial,-does not seem to us unduly high, taking into considera¬ tion the fact that hitherto the Corporation has done so little in this region; the character of the opportunities offered; and the funds now available in the Special Fund, applicable in Canada and the British Colonies, which on October 1, 1927, had a credit balance of 31,274,340.02. The Corporation might indeed feel justified in looking forward to supplementing these obligations to a limited degree toward the end of the five-year period in aid of projects which have already been submitted or which will certainly come to our attention as a result of the contacts which have now been established. British Africa is practically without experience with American endowments; our visit has created unprecedented interest; and if the Board finds itself in general sympathy with our proposals, we believe there are definite advantages in making 17 known as promptly as possible the general fields in which the Corporation is pre¬ pared to co-operate; its desire to be guided in its action by the most informed local opinion; its willingness to embark upon a five-year program; and it should be made clear that grants made under this program shall create no obligation ex¬ pressed or implied as to the future. It should further be made clear that after the five-year period our obligations in other parts of the British Empire are likely to preclude for a considerable period the consideration by the Corporation of additional African projects, even such as may on their merits be of the most desirable character. Respectfully submitted Frederick P. 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