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American Silk Industry, 
 
 CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED. 
 
 1793 - 1876 . 
 
 By FRANKLIN ALLEN, 
 
 Secretary of the Silk Association of America. 
 
 Reprinted from “The United States Industrial Pied^ory." 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 SILK ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, 
 93 Duane Street. 
 
 1876. 
 
CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. 
 
 5eU &raou\ 
 
 \Qlb f\ 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 A conscientious endeavor has been made in the following 
 pages to present a succinct account of the silk manufacturers Of 
 the United States, showing their connection with the industry 
 in chronological sequence. From the necessities of this form 
 of publication, it was impossible to present any thing more 
 than the briefest details which would describe the changes 
 in the business and the advances in the manufacture. Due 
 prominence cannot be given in such a work to the labors and 
 experiences of those who have been most successful in raising 
 the standards of production and increasing the rewards of in¬ 
 dustry, or to the skill and perseverance which have deserved 
 and won public appreciation. This is chiefly a record of 
 names and dates, and was originally prepared for the “ United 
 States Industrial Directory,” from the pages of which it is re¬ 
 printed. The material has been obtained by correspondence 
 with silk manufacturers. While no effort has been spared to 
 render it as complete and accurate as possible, the author 
 claims indulgence if it shall be found wanting in many names 
 and facts that should find place in such a record. The men 
 who have developed the silk industry of America to its present 
 proportions are, for the most part, unwilling to blazon their 
 achievements in print, and seem to prefer that their deeds 
 shall be chronicled, if at all, bv survivors, rather than cotem¬ 
 poraries. The author has, however, to thank the silk man¬ 
 ufacturers for the material facts here presented, and to express 
 the hope that the compilation will prove of service and inter¬ 
 est to all concerned. 
 
 Franklin Allen, 
 
 Secretary of the Silk Association of America, 
 
 93 Duane Street, New I^ork. 
 
 Jcne, 1876. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Preface . 3 
 
 Chronological Record of Silk Manufacturers . . . 5-47 
 
 Statistical Summary of Silk Manufacture. 48 
 
 Directory of Silk Manufacture. 49-64 
 
 Index of Names. 65 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 1793; A handbill, printed in English and German, dated at Phila¬ 
 delphia, appeared in this year, signed by Mr. Hoeckly, aud 
 setting forth that he makes fringe, coach lace, and tassels. 
 
 This relic now hangs in the counting-room of the silk manu¬ 
 facturing establishment of Messrs. W. H. Horstmann & Sons, 
 corner 5th and Cherry Streets, Philadelphia. 
 
 Barber’s “ History of Connecticut ” states the production of raw 
 silk in the State of Connecticut at 265 pounds in 1793. 
 
 1810; Rodney & Horatio Hanks erected a diminutive mill at Mans¬ 
 field, Conn., for the manufacture of sewing-silk and twist 
 by machinery, propelled by water-power. The machinery 
 was made by them ; and the size of the mill, 12 feet square, is 
 illustrative of the scanty market for these goods at that time. 
 
 1814; A larger attempt was made by the Messrs. Hanks in asso¬ 
 ciated effort with Harrison Holland and John Gilbert, and 
 a mill of considerable dimensions was built at Gurleyville, 
 Conn., on the Fenton River; but this enterprise was short¬ 
 lived. 
 
 1815; In this year, William'H. Horstmann, a native of Cassel, Ger¬ 
 many, came to America, and established himself at Phila¬ 
 delphia, where he began to manufacture trimmings of various 
 kinds, having previously learned the trade of silk-weaving in 
 France. 
 
 1821 ; Rodney Hanks, still sanguine of success, built another mill 
 for the manufacture of sewing-silk, and operated it till 
 1828, being assisted in the later part of the period by his 
 son, George R. Hanks. 
 
 1824; Mr. Horstmann introduced into the United States, from Ger¬ 
 many, the use of plaiting or braiding machines; and he was 
 the first to introduce, in 1824, the use of the Jacquard loom, 
 for weaving patterns in textile fabrics. In 1837-38, Mr. Horst¬ 
 mann manufactured power-looms of his own design, and 
 introduced in America power-loom weaving for narrow tex¬ 
 tile fabrics and trimmings, simultaneously with the first 
 power-looms in Basle, Switzerland. The fabrics produced 
 soon came to be acknowledged as generally of better quality 
 
UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 than the foreign, and a successful competition was estab¬ 
 lished as to nearly all articles of passementerie of French 
 manufacture. Gold laces were made by power by Mr. 
 Horstmann several years prior to the first attempt in the 
 Old World; and Philadelphia was soon recognized as the 
 principal seat in the United States of the manufacture of 
 military goods and carriage laces, and of the general manu¬ 
 facture of trimmings. Mr. Horstmann had married the 
 daughter of Mr. Hoeckly, above alluded to, and in 1840 
 he admitted into partnership his two sons, William J. and 
 Sigmund H. Horstmann, the former born in 1819, and the 
 latter in 1821. The style of the firm then formed con¬ 
 tinues to the present day; Messrs. William H. Horstmann 
 & Sons, of Philadelphia and New York, being widely known 
 as one of the largest and most successful silk-manufacturing 
 firms in the country. During 1852, the large manufactory 
 on 5th and Cherry Streets, in Philadelphia, was erected by 
 the firm. In the same year, the senior member and founder 
 of the house died, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. In 
 the Fall of 1873, extensive alterations and additions were 
 made by the firm to the salesrooms adjoining the manu¬ 
 factory on 5th Street, to meet the growing demands of its 
 trade. 
 
 1826; The report made to the United States House of Representa¬ 
 tives by its Committee on Agriculture, under date May 2, 
 1826, gives the importation of manufactured silks into the 
 United States, less re-exports, as follows, in the years 1821- 
 1825 inclusive : — 
 
 1821 . 
 
 1822 . 
 
 1823 . 
 
 1824 . 
 
 1825 . 
 
 $27,188,483 
 
 5,464,666 
 
 5,201,342 
 
 5,387,019 
 
 7.705.765 
 
 1829 ; Silk ribbons in some variety are claimed to have been manu¬ 
 factured during this year in Baltimore from American silk. 
 
 In the Spring of this year, the Mansfield Silk Company, 
 formed by a copartnership between Alfred Lilly, Joseph 
 Conant, William A. Fisk, William Atwood, Storrs Hovey, 
 and Jesse Bingham, was incorporated by the Connecticut 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 Legislature, and excited widespread interest in the growth 
 and manufacture of silk. The efforts of the company 
 were devoted to better methods for reeling silk, to improv¬ 
 ing machinery for “ throwing silk,” and to the manufacture 
 of sewing-silk. The projectors had associated with them 
 Edmund Golding, of Macclesfield, England, an experienced 
 “throwster,” who had settled at Mansfield, Conn., and who, 
 by his description of the simplicity of the machinery required, 
 bad encouraged them to form the company. Substantial 
 success did not, however, reward these early efforts, although 
 they were perseveringly carried on for a number of years. 
 The machinery was very crude; and it was not until a year 
 or more after they started in business, that, by the advice and 
 instruction of Mr. Brown, an English silk manufacturer who 
 had just commenced business in Boston, they were able to 
 construct a reel which did its work more satisfactorily. It 
 was worked by water-power, and not by hand, like the reels 
 of Messrs. Cobb, Gideon B. Smith, Morris, Duponceau, and 
 others. The reeling was successful, and the company adver¬ 
 tised their willingness to purchase all the cocoons that might 
 be offered, and their purchases were large. . . “ The native 
 silk was found to be of superior quality and strength, winding 
 and doubling with greater ’facility and less waste than China 
 or Broussa silk.” * Encouraged by their success, and the 
 demand which now sprung up for American sewing-silk, 
 though the colors and evenness of it were not yet perfect, 
 the company committed a very natural, but, as the event 
 proved, a very grave, error. They sought to become silk 
 culturists on a large scale, as well as silk manufacturers. 
 They leased land at numerous points in Connecticut and 
 adjacent States, planted large mulberry orchards, and en¬ 
 trusted to their agents the rearing of silk-worms. They also 
 applied to the legislature, in 1832, to ask State aid for en¬ 
 couraging the culture and manufacture of silk. A bounty of 
 $1,500 was granted to the company, and premiums were 
 offered for raising mulberry trees and for reeling silk. [See 
 year 1834.] They soon attempted silk weaving; but their 
 machinery was not well adapted to the work, and an ingenious 
 
 * Mr. A. T. Lilly’s Silk Industry of the United States, from 1766 to 1874. 
 
8 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 mechanic in Mansfield — Mr. Nathan Rixford— had al¬ 
 ready made improvements in the machinery for winding, 
 doubling, and spinning, which were eagerly purchased by 
 competing companies, and which distanced theirs. Their 
 capital was too small, and the experiments they made in the 
 culture of silk were unwise and expensive. Mr. Lilly, the 
 originator of the company, withdrew from it in 1835, and 
 three of the other five partners in 1839 ; and the company 
 dissolved the same year, though they let their establishment 
 to other parties, who carried on the silk manufacture for a 
 time. 
 
 Two Frenchmen exhibited at North Mansfield, Connecticut, 
 
 * what they called a “ Piedmont Reel,” and in the presence 
 of nearly 100 people reeled silk from cocoons. A similar 
 reel was thereupon started at Shubael Dimock’s Cocoonery, 
 in North Mansfield. Eliphalet Snow made and patented 
 an improvement upon the Piedmont Reel, and sold a num¬ 
 ber of reels in Mansfield; but subsequently found a rival 
 in Nathan Rixford, also of Mansfield, who made further 
 improvements, and supplied ten reels to Samuel Whit- 
 marsh, of Northampton, Massachusetts, who was, in 1838, 
 producing cocoons from worms fed upon morns multicaulis 
 leaves. Ten of these reels were also supplied to Samuel W. 
 Goodridge, Esq., of Hartford, Conn., who sent them to China, 
 about 1840-41, by Joseph H. Weed, together with samples 
 of American reeled raw-silk, not doubting that the Chinese 
 silk-producers would adopt the reels, and supply silk reeled 
 with a traverse like the samples supplied them. A. A. 
 Low, Esq., of New York, also in the China trade, sent to 
 China sixteen of these improved reels, but, like Mr. Good¬ 
 ridge, found it next to impossible to introduce them, owing 
 to the prejudice of the people. Eventually, however, the 
 desired change in reeling was brought about; and the sup¬ 
 ply of suitably reeled silk thus obtained gave an impetus 
 to its consumption in this country, without which Amer¬ 
 ican manufacturers could have made but slow progress. 
 Late in 1853, or early in 1854, John T. Walker sent reels 
 and reelers from Canton to Shanghai, and there had Shang¬ 
 hai silk re-reeled; having previously sent down from Shang¬ 
 hai a number of bales to be re-reeled at Canton in the same 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 9 
 
 form as the Canton silks were then being reeled. Messrs. 
 Goodridge and Walker received the first lot of re-reeled 
 Shanghai silk sent to New York. At first, the re-reeling 
 was well done; but after a time the Chinese got to be 
 careless about it, and, in consequence of imperfect reeling, 
 the re-reeled silk ceased to be exported. Re-reeling of 
 Tsatlees and Hainings was resumed in Shanghai by Ezra 
 R. Goodridge & Co., in 18G7, and has continued to the pres¬ 
 ent day; Frank Goodridge, the son of Samuel W. Good¬ 
 ridge, going out to China for that purpose. The re-reelers 
 have, however, again fallen into their old habits of doing 
 their work carelessly. Improvements were also made upon 
 the Piedmont Reel by Mr. G. B. Smith and by J. H. 
 Cobb, A.M., Superintendent of the New England Silk Co. 
 of Dedham, Mass., who established a silk manufactory and 
 throwsting mill there as early as 1831. Further improve¬ 
 ments were also made in machinery for spinning silk, nota¬ 
 bly the so-called “ Friction Roller Mill,” the first of which 
 was made by Nathan Rixford in 1838, for Ralph Cheney, 
 Esq., of the firm of Cheney Bros., South Manchester, Con¬ 
 necticut, similar machinery being soon after supplied to 
 Aaron Mitchell, Esq., of Nantucket. 
 
 1830; Two banners of Pennsylvania silk, each 12 feet long and 6 
 feet wide, woven in Philadelphia by M. D’Homergue, were 
 exhibited with a few cravats, handkerchiefs, &c., at the Fair 
 of the Franklin Institute. 
 
 John McRae, at New York City, commenced the manufacture 
 of silk fringes, tassels, &c., and continued the business till 
 1852; the firm then becoming Thomas C. McRae & Co., 
 who carried on the enterprise till 1866, adding silk ribbons, 
 silk braids, and elastic cords to the variety of goods manu¬ 
 factured. 
 
 Barber’s “ History of Connecticut ” states the production of raw 
 silk in Connecticut, this year, at 3,200 pounds. 
 
 1831 ; Considerable impetus was given to efforts in silk-raising by the 
 publication of a “Manual of the Mulberry Tree, and the 
 Culture of Silk,” prepared under a gratuity of the Massa¬ 
 chusetts Legislature, by Jonathan H. Cobb, of Dedham, 
 Mass., an early cultivator of the multicaulis , and inventor of 
 an improved silk reel. This work was published by direc- 
 
10 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 tion of his Excellency Gov. Lincoln, agreeably to the fol¬ 
 lowing resolve of the Commonwealth, introduced in the 
 House of Representatives on the 24th of February, 1831 : — 
 
 “ Resolved, That his Excellency the Governor be requested to 
 cause to be compiled and printed a concise Manual , to contain 
 the best information respecting the growth of the Mulberry Tree , 
 with suitable directions for the culture of silk , and that this 
 manual be distributed, in suitable numbers, in the city of 
 Boston, and to every town in the Commonwealth.” 
 
 The annual silk imports of this period are stated in this work 
 as exceeding seven millions of dollars , while the amount of 
 breadstuff exported by the country was on the average less than 
 six millions of dollars. 
 
 Mr. Cobb also established at Dedham, Mass., in this year, a 
 silk manufactory and throwsting mill, which, it is believed, 
 was the first silk mill established in Massachusetts. Hand¬ 
 kerchiefs, stockings, and sewing-silks were made. Messrs. 
 Seavey, Foster, and Bowman now have a sample of silk 
 manufactured by Mr. Cobb in the year 1833, with his name 
 stamped on the spool. He soon became intensely interested 
 in the subject of silk culture, and by his public labors, as a 
 lecturer and writer, was the means of widely disseminating 
 information concerning the raising of cocoons, and the growth 
 of the mulberry trees. By the bursting of the Multicaulis 
 bubble in 1839, Mr. Cobb was a heavy loser, and the subse¬ 
 quent depression in the silk and all other manufactures led 
 to his bankruptcy in 1840. He, however, recovered his posi¬ 
 tion in part, and, though he had resolved to have nothing more 
 to do with the silk business for the remainder of his life, he 
 was for a time connected with a silk manufacturing company 
 v/hich occupied his old mill at Dedham, under the manage¬ 
 ment of Mr. C. Colt, Jr., iu 1843 ; but, on the destruction of 
 the mill by fire in 1845, Mr. Cobb abandoned all further 
 connection with the silk industry, in which for twenty years 
 he had borne an honorable and distinguished part. 
 
 Judge Cobb is now living at Dedham; the writer having had 
 the pleasure of paying him a visit during the past year, was 
 shown by Mrs. Cobb, with evident pride, samples of silk of 
 her own reeling, made in the early days. Judge Cobb is 
 a graduate ot Harvard College, was admitted to the Bar in 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 11 
 
 1820, and was appointed by Governor Lincoln of Massachu¬ 
 setts, about the year 1831, Probate Judge of the District of 
 Dedham, an office which he has continued to hold uninter¬ 
 ruptedly to the present day. 
 
 1832; The famous “ Silk Bill,” designed to promote the raising of 
 silk in the United States, drawn up by P. S. Duponceau, 
 President of the American Philosophical Society, and which* 
 had been under the consideration of Congress for two ses¬ 
 sions, was finally brought to a vote and defeated in this year. 
 A consequence was, State legislation in favor of the project 
 in several States; Connecticut offering a bounty of one 
 dollar per hundred for mulberry trees, and fifty cents a pound 
 for reeled silk, suitable for manufacture. An “ Act to pro¬ 
 mote the culture of silk ” was passed by the General As¬ 
 sembly of Pennsylvania on the 4th of May; and various 
 measures to promote the same objects were adopted in other 
 States. 
 
 1834; In this year, Ward Cheney removed from Providence, R. I., 
 to his ancestral home at South Manchester, Conn., where he 
 and his brothers Rush and Frank first turned their attention 
 to the silk industry. In January, 1838, they started a 
 small silk factory at South Manchester, under the style 
 of the Mount Nebo Silk Mills, the nucleus around which 
 the great manufacturing establishment of Messrs. Cheney 
 Brothers has since grown. At that time, the Messrs. Che¬ 
 ney were chiefly engaged in cultivating mulberry trees and 
 raising silk worms. To carry on this business on a yet more 
 extensive scale, they stocked a plantation of mulberry trees 
 at Burlington, N. J., and removed thither. In 1839, they 
 established another plantation of the kind near Augusta, 
 Georgia, and in Florida. In 1841, they returned to South 
 Manchester, and began the silk manufacture in earnest. 
 They were joined in 1846 by Charles Cheney, who had 
 been engaged in silk culture and manufacture at Mt. Healthy, 
 Ohio. [See 1842.] The brothers, John and Ralph Cheney, also 
 became connected with the establishment. Its growth to its 
 present colossal proportions affords a most encouraging proof 
 that the silk industry of America need fear no foreign rivals. 
 Ward Cheney became President of the Silk Association of 
 America in 1873. 
 
UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 In this year application was made to the Connecticut Legislature 
 for charters for the Connecticut Silk Manufacturing Co., and 
 for the Silk Manufacturer’s Bank, the title of which was soon 
 afterwards changed to the Exchange Bank. Both bills were 
 passed, the bank being required to pay a bonus of $25,000, 
 $15,000 of which were received by the Connecticut Silk 
 Manufacturing Co. on condition that they should pay $1,500 
 to the Mansfield Silk Co. [see year 1829], $2,000 to Messrs. 
 Gay & Bottum, machinists of Mansfield, and, further, that 
 they should furnish one county silk society in each county, * 
 in the event of such being formed, with one improved silk 
 reel, and annually, for five years, with five pounds of white 
 mulberry seed and one hundred thousand silk-worm’s eggs. 
 Not more than three or four such county societies were 
 formed, and these did not call for seed and eggs more than 
 two or three times. The net amount realized by the Con¬ 
 necticut Silk Manufacturing Co. from these provisions of 
 the Legislature is set down by Mr. J. H. Hayden, of Wind¬ 
 sor Locks, Ct., to whom we are indebted for these particulars, 
 at $11,000. 
 
 The company was organized at Hartford, in the Spring of 1835, 
 with a nominal share capital of $30,000,—1200 shares at $25 
 each, half being paid in at this time. Mr. Christopher Colt, 
 owning about 1150 shares, was the President and Agent, and 
 Mr. J. H. Hayden joined the company to keep the books and 
 to learn manufacturing. In a recent letter to the Secretary 
 of the Silk Association of America, Mr. Hayden says : — 
 
 “ An arrangement was made, when the building was made, for 
 machinery (a few months after), with Mr. Jonathan H. Cobb, 
 of Dedham, Mass, [see year 1831], that he should give the 
 company the benefit of his study and experience, and should 
 receive for a certain time (I think three or five years) one- 
 fourth of the profits of manufacturing. The first manufact¬ 
 uring of silk was performed by Thomas Dale, then recently 
 from England. It was, however, on a very small scale. The 
 first product finished for market was a narrow flat gimp, for 
 furniture, woven in a light hand-loom, of which one hundred 
 were sent the company by Mr. Cobb, from Massachusetts, 
 where I think some of them had been used on the same kind 
 of goods; not a dozen were ever set in operation on gimp; but 
 I think as early as the next Spring we commenced weaving 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 13 
 
 Tuscan straw for ladies’ bonnets. Mr. Dale made the silk for 
 warps, and the straw was bought in New York. In the mean 
 time, Mr. John Golding (brother of Edmund Goldiug, in the 
 Mansfield Silk Co.) superintended the filature. It was supposed 
 that this department was to guarantee success to the enter¬ 
 prise; and wide notice was given for every one to bring their 
 cocoons to the filature. It fell to my lot to take account of 
 the cocoons "as they were brought in, and to tell the parties 
 bringing them that we would pay them $3 per pound for the 
 silk reeled from them. The deposits of cocoons usually ranged 
 from two quarts to one bushel; in a few cases we may have 
 had more. It was one of the most distressing duties laid upon 
 me to tell the parties who brought them that the cocoons would 
 he carefully reeled by themselves , adding that it took about a bushel 
 of cocoons to make a pound of reeled silk. 
 
 [From Cobb’s Manual we learn, page 35, that 12 pounds of cocoons 
 yield about one pound of silk; ergo, 12 pounds of cocoons equal a 
 bushel of cocoons, which, at 25 cents a pound, the lowest price 
 offered anywhere (see page 39, same Manual), would net $3 per 
 bushel of cocoons, and 18f cents per two quarts. — Ed.] 
 
 “ I don't remember that the same individual brought cocoons a sec¬ 
 ond time. Some sewing-silk was made soon after the weaving 
 of gimp was commenced. The first foreign stock worked was 
 from Bengal silk, some two or three small bales of which had 
 been bought in Philadelphia in 1836. A brother of Mr. Cobb 
 was agent for the company at that time, and had the charge of 
 the manufacturing and finances. He left the last of that year, 
 and I was appointed to his place, which I retained through 
 1837. Mr. Cobb still retained the office of President. The 
 early part of that year we had seventy to eighty looms weav¬ 
 ing on Tuscan braid, and increased the manufacture of sew¬ 
 ing-silk. This was made from the long-reeled Canton; and I 
 think we wasted more than 25 per cent in manufacturing. 
 
 “Jan. 1, 1838, I left the company to start a mill of my own, at 
 Windsor Locks, an uncle of mine furnishing capital. C. Colt, 
 Jr., was then appointed Agent of the Connecticut Silk Co. 
 Their capital I considered little if any impaired. $23,500 had 
 then been paid in. The company then began to consign all 
 their product to a single house in Boston, making drafts on 
 them at six months for about two-thirds of its supposed value. 
 
 .When the notes became due, the sewings, being still unsold, 
 were put up at auction, and brought considerably less than had 
 been advanced on them; and I think it was less than a year 
 from July 1, 1838, when the Boston house commenced a suit 
 
14 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 against the company for the excess of advances over proceeds 
 of sales, and the Connecticut Silk Manufacturing Co. was 
 numbered with the things that were. 
 
 Samuel Whitmarsh, of Northampton, Mass., visited Italy and 
 France in this year to obtain information from the best 
 sources respecting the most approved methods of silk culture. 
 On his return, the “ New York and Northampton Silk Co.” 
 was formed with the view of growing silk on an extensive 
 scale. Plantations of mulberry trees were stocked, a fac¬ 
 tory erected, and machinery started. 
 
 j. H. Butler, of Northampton, in 1839, published for the 
 author a work entitled “ Eight Years’ Experience and Ob¬ 
 servation in the Culture of the Mulberry Tree, and in the 
 Care of the Silkworm, with Remarks adapted to the Ameri¬ 
 can System of producing Raw Silk for Exportation. By 
 Samuel Whitmarsh.” 
 
 In this year B. B. Tilt became connected with the silk manu¬ 
 facture in the department of ladies’ dress trimmings. The 
 firm of B. B. Tilt & Co., afterwards changed to Tilt & Dex¬ 
 ter, was merged in 1855 in the house of Dexter, Lambert 
 & Co., Mr. Tilt organizing later, under the impetus given by 
 the tariff acts of 1861, the Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co. 
 of Paterson, N. J., of which corporation he is now the Presi¬ 
 dent, and Messrs. B. B. Tilt & Son are the selling agents, 
 at 477 Broome Street, New York. The great variety of 
 silk-woven fabrics produced by. this establishment rank it with 
 the foremost in the land. 
 
 1835; Mr. Jonathan II. Cobb organized the New England Silk Com¬ 
 pany, and built a mill at Dedham, Mass., calculated to work 
 200 lbs. of sewings per week. [See 1831.] 
 
 O. S. Chaffee, of Mansfield Centre, Conn., became connected 
 in the sewing-silk manufacture at that place with the firm of 
 Conant & Co. The style of the present firm is Messrs. 0. 
 S. Chaffee & Son, Mr. J. Dwight Chaffee being the junior. 
 The fine mill property occupied by this firm at Mansfield 
 Centre was erected in 1863. They have recently extended 
 their facilities by the acquisition of the mill at Willimantic, 
 heretofore operated by the Paisley Silk and Twist Company, 
 the latter company withdrawing from the business in the Fall 
 of 1874. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 15 
 
 In the year 1835, Messrs. Gardner & Mitchell formed the 
 Atlantic Silk Company, and established a silk factory on the 
 Island of Nantucket for the manufacture of tram and organ- 
 zine, and also attempted weaving. The company failed in 
 
 1838, and the tram and organzine machinery was stored. In 
 
 1839, the mill was reopened by Aaron Mitchell,, under the 
 style of the Mitchell Silk Factory. Charles P. Crane, 
 who had been with Samuel Whitmarsh at Northampton, 
 was the manager, and was assisted by V. J. Messinger, 
 who had been employed in putting up the machinery, includ¬ 
 ing six spinner-frames built for Mr. Mitchell by Nathan 
 Rixford. It was run quite successfully during 1839, ’40, and 
 ’41, in the manufacture of sewing-silks. The stock used was 
 all imported, and the production reached 100 pounds a week. 
 In consequence of some disagreement between the proprietor 
 and the manager, the business was discontinued in 1841, and 
 the machinery was afterwards removed from the island, a 
 part of it being taken to the mill of Messinger & Brother in 
 Canton, Mass., and the remainder being purchased by W. 
 W. B. Lindley, who was then commencing the manufacture 
 of silk in that part of Woburn which is now Winchester. 
 Mr. Lindley had acquired his knowledge of the trade in the 
 Nantucket factory, and carried on the business quite success¬ 
 fully until the time of his death, four or five years later. 
 
 1836; The States of Massachusetts, Maine, and New Jersey offered 
 bounties for cocoons and raw silk raised within their borders. 
 
 1838; The Nonotuck Silk Company of Florence, Mass., founded on 
 the ruins of the New York and Northampton Silk Com¬ 
 pany. [See 1834.] Its present officers are: President, 
 Ira Dimock; Treasurer, A. T. Lilly. Among the cele¬ 
 brated brands of sewing-silk manufactured in America, 
 none is more famous than the “ Corticelli ” brand of this 
 company. Machine twist is also a specialty of this concern, 
 which gives employment to more than 500 operatives, and 
 consumes more than 90,000 lbs. of raw silk annually. 
 
 In this year, the Connecticut Legislature repealed the bounty 
 of 50 cents a pound on raw silk raised in the State; the 
 amount raised being inconsiderable, averaging less than 500 
 pounds per annum, and the results unsatisfactory. In this 
 year also, Messrs. Haskell & Hayden commenced the manu- 
 
16 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 facture of sewing-silk in a mill at Windsor Locks, Mr. Hay¬ 
 den having previously been connected with the Connecticut 
 Silk Manufacturing Company at Hartford. [See the year 
 1834]. Mr. Hayden has continued uninterruptedly in the 
 manufacture of sewing-silks and twist at the old quarters in 
 Windsor Locks, having safely ridden out all storms, and 
 having made but few changes in the organization of his busi¬ 
 ness. The mill was rebuilt in 1848. The Haskell interest 
 was successively represented by three members of that family, 
 uncles and cousin of Mr. Hayden, until, by the death of the 
 last of these, in 1863, the entire business was placed in 
 name, as it had hitherto been in management, under the sole 
 control of J. H. Hayden. 
 
 Edward Vallentine and Lewis Leigh came to the United States 
 this year, and were the first to make a business of silk-dyeing 
 here; Mr. Vallentine beginning at Gurleyville, Conn., in Au¬ 
 gust, 1838. Mr. Vallentine had been a. practical dyer in 
 England, having succeeded his father in the practice of the 
 art, who was a French Huguenot, settled at Spitalfields. 
 The son was a good dyer, but perhaps too ambitious, and was 
 generally in advance of the times. His use of new and brill¬ 
 iant colors soon brought him reputation among the silk 
 manufacturers of Mansfield and the neighborhood. They 
 had long depended upon the services of an old woman, and 
 Mr. Valleutine’s first task was to prove that his dyeing was 
 better than hers. His permanent black dye was especially 
 admired. About 1839-40, probably accepting inducements 
 held out by the New York and Northampton Silk Company, 
 Mr. Vallentine removed to Northampton, Mass., and there 
 continued the business of silk-dyeing. In 1844, he was 
 joined by William Skinner, who came to this country in that 
 year. The chief business of Mr. Vallentine was then with 
 the Messrs. Cheney, and for the Nonotuck Silk Company at 
 Florence. The company urged Mr. Vallentine, in 1844, to 
 teach one of their men the art of dyeing; and threatened, in 
 case of refusal, to send to England and bring out a rival 
 dyer. Mr. Vallentine consented, and taught Mr. Atkins, who 
 is now the dyer of the company. At that time, the company 
 was using about 50, and the Messrs. Cheney about 100, 
 pounds per week. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 17 
 
 III 1845 the Cheneys stopped sending their silk to he dyed by 
 Mr. Vallentine. Ward Cheney soon afterwards made a bar¬ 
 gain, by which, on payment of $300, he was to be taught by 
 Mr. Vallentine all that the latter knew about dyeing. Mr. 
 Cheney stayed at Northampton long enough to learn all that 
 his teacher was willing to impart. 
 
 Mr. Vallentine failed in 1848, and then Mr. Skinner, who had 
 remained with him till that time, took on his own account a 
 dye-house adjoining the silk-mill built by Captain Joseph 
 Conant,, half-way between Northampton and Florence, and 
 now occupied by Warner & Lathrop. Mr. Skinuer continued 
 there the business of dyeing ; taking silk in trade from Messrs. 
 Chaffee, Hanks, and others, till 1854. At the latter date he 
 removed to Ilaydenville, further up the valley, where he 
 carried on the manufacture of sewing-silk. [See 1848.] 
 
 1839 ; Rixford & Dimock commenced the manufacture of sewing-silks 
 at Mansfield, Conn. 
 
 In this year, the morus multicanlis fever passed its climax. 
 Trees were offered in great abundance at “ three cents per 
 tree, healthy and well branched.” 
 
 The following companies had all sunk their capital, and were 
 
 ceasing operations: — 
 
 The Atlantic Silk Company. Nantucket 
 
 ,, Vallentine Silk Company. Providence 
 
 ,, Poughkeepsie Silk Company.Poughkeepsie 
 
 ,, New York and Northampton Silk Company Florence 
 
 This was a bad year for the incipient silk business. Most of 
 those embarked in it failed to meet their financial engage¬ 
 ments, and many banks failed. This year and the years 
 immediately following were years of great depression in 
 manufactures generally. 
 
 1840; William II. Jones, North Manchester, Conn., commenced the 
 manufacture of sewing-silk, twist, and cord. In 1841, he 
 raised fifty bushels cocoons from worms fed on multicaulis 
 leaves, reeled them on a patent reel of his own invention, and 
 manufactured silk, concerning which he makes the statement, 
 the “sewing-silk made from these was superior to any I 
 have worked from foreign for strength and lustre.” Mr. 
 Jones’s efforts were rewarded with premiums and medals in 
 1841, 1842, and 1843, by the American Institute of New 
 3 
 
18 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 York, and the Hartford County Agricultural Fair, Conn. ; 
 but the manufacture from American cocoons, to which he 
 gave so much attention, not gaining a permanent foothold, 
 Mr. Jones entirely ceased his silk-manufacturing operations 
 in 1856. 
 
 In this year, Tennessee raised 1,237 pounds of cocoons (say 
 100 bushels). In 1843, not less than 20,000 pounds to 
 25,000 pounds (say 2,000 bushels). 
 
 In this year, B. Hooley commenced the manufacture of sewing- 
 silk in Philadelphia, and has continued in it uninterruptedly 
 to the present time, — the firm now being Messrs. B. Hooley 
 & Son, who operate the “Keystone Silk Mill,” Philadelphia, 
 and have their office at 226 Market Street. 
 
 G. W. Murray, of Northampton, Mass., bought out in this 
 year a small establishment at Paterson, N. J., previously 
 operated by the Messrs. Colts of Hartford, and placed in 
 full charge John Ryle, who had arrived at Northampton in 
 1839 from Macclesfield, England, where he learned the art 
 of silk manufacture, from silk winding to weaving, in all its 
 branches. 
 
 The silk manufacture was first started in Canton, Mass., by 
 V. J. Messinger, in a mill standing on the site now oc¬ 
 cupied by the upper silk factory of Messrs. Seavey, Fos¬ 
 ter, & Bowman, — the original mill having been a repair 
 shop for the cotton factory owned and run by Mr. Messin¬ 
 ger, his father. V. J. Messinger had his first experience 
 on Nantucket Island, having worked there during the year 
 1839. After continuing at Canton a few months, he engaged 
 in business with Lemuel Cobb, a brother of the silk pioneer, 
 Jonathan H. Cobb [see 1831], and commenced manufactur¬ 
 ing in Needham with a set of machinery built by John Gold¬ 
 ing at Medfield. They continued there four years, making 
 sewings, gimps, and fringes. At the end of this time, he, 
 with his brother V. A. Messinger, re-established the business 
 in Canton, having enlarged the mill and brought two addi¬ 
 tional spinners from Nantucket. The firm of Messinger & 
 Brother continued the manufacture there till 1863, at which 
 time the business had reached a production of 250 pounds a 
 week, — chiefly sewings, with a little twist. The business 
 was then transferred to Charles Foster and J. W. C. Sea- 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 19 
 
 vey, the latter of whom had been with Messinger & Bro. 
 siuce 1853. Subsequently the firm became Seavey, Foster* 
 & Bowman, in whose hands the business has been developed 
 to its present proportions. [See 1863.] 
 
 In the early days of silk manufacturing, the prejudice against 
 American goods was very strong, and the sewings were put 
 up in packages and 50 lb. cases in imitation of Italian sew¬ 
 ings, with Italianized labels. At first only colored silks 
 were made, competition with the superior black sewings of 
 Italy being hopeless. It was esteemed a favor for retailers 
 to expose American goods for sale, and manufacturers could 
 only get paid when the goods were actually sold, so unwill¬ 
 ing were the merchants of those days to risk investing in 
 them. However, vessels from Europe would oftentimes 
 make long passages, the stocks of Italian sewings would run 
 low, and the home manufacturer would then seize his oppor¬ 
 tunity. In time it came to be understood that the producer 
 here could supply the trade sooner and more surely than the 
 foreigner. The first to make superior black sewings in this 
 country were the firm of Cheney Brothers, South Manches¬ 
 ter, Conn., and for a long time they led, the trade in this class 
 of goods under their well-known trade mark, “ Chinacci.” 
 
 1841 ; May 26. The Legislature of New York enacted a law offer¬ 
 ing a bounty on the production of silk of fifteen cents per 
 pound for the growth of cocoons, and fifty cents per pound for 
 reeled silk, — considered equal to a bounty of two dollars for 
 every pound of silk produced in the State. 
 
 Review of the Silk Season, December, 1841, by Edmund Morris, 
 Editor of the Burlington, New Jersey, “ Silk Record: ” — 
 
 “ At the close of the season, it may not be uninteresting to take 
 a brief review of the silk operations of our country generally, 
 and of the degree of success which has attended the numerous 
 trials to produce silk in the summer of 1841. 
 
 “ After reviewing the numerous accounts which have been com¬ 
 municated to us, both by letter and by personal communication, 
 our conclusion is that the silk operations of the past summer 
 have been decidedly successful, and are such as to warrant a 
 continuance in the business. Some, however, have failed 
 entirely; but generally from causes which sufficiently account 
 for it. One has lost his crops of w r orms from having four 
 times as many as his space would accommodate. Another has 
 
20 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 hatched eggs that had been badly kept or were the product of 
 unhealthy stock. A third has suffered from sudden changes of 
 the temperature, having no means provided to guard against 
 them. A fourth has been devoured by mice or rats; while a 
 fifth has been exterminated by cats. Some few will probably 
 be discouraged and abandon the business altogether. Not so, 
 however, with the great majority; for in thousands of instances 
 the most complete success has been realized. 
 
 “ An intelligent gentleman with whom we lately conversed has 
 estimated the product of Ohio alone at 6,000 bushels of cocoons. 
 In Tennessee, the yield has been several thousand bushels. In 
 New York, there have been some remarkably successful cultur- 
 ists. In Pennsylvania, five persons in Lancaster County pro¬ 
 duced 2,100 pounds of cocoons ; while at the Shaker establish¬ 
 ment, at Economy, their several crops amounted to 4,000 
 pounds of cocoons. In Delaware, several large crops were pro¬ 
 duced. In the Western States generally, the interest in the 
 business continues unabated. In New England, the same meas¬ 
 ure of success has been realized which that persevering people 
 have uniformly experienced. A reference to the columns of 
 the ‘ Record ’ will refresh the reader with details of a multi¬ 
 tude of individual crops, many of which are highly respectable 
 in quantity. We could recite, by extracting from our unpub¬ 
 lished correspondence, scores of successful rearings, while in 
 every ten of the whole there are not two of a contrary descrip¬ 
 tion. 
 
 “ From a review of the whole subject, we should suppose the 
 quantity of raw silk produced in the Uriited States, the present 
 year, would fully equal 30,000 pounds. It will probably be 
 treble in another year. Five years ago it was but a few hun¬ 
 dred pounds; and it will in this way go on increasing annually, 
 until a large portion of our own consumption is supplied by 
 our own production. In sewing-silk of domestic origin, an 
 extensive trade is already carried on. Wherever manufactured, 
 it is quickly absorbed by the local demands, at prices, too, that 
 afford an immense profit to the manufacturer. The manu¬ 
 facture of silk goods in Ohio and Pennsylvania is also rapidly 
 increasing; and the indications in every quarter are of the 
 most cheering character.” 
 
 1842; We find the following letter among the records of the New 
 England Silk Convention, held at Northampton, Mass., Sept. 
 28, this year, from Mr. Charles Cheney, of Mt. Healthy, 
 Ohio: — 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 21 
 
 “ I have prosecuted, in a small way, the business of feeding silk 
 worms here for the last eight years, and with very uniform 
 success, except in two or three instances, when the eggs were 
 kept in an ice-house till August, before being brought out for 
 hatching. I have not lost any worms to speak of by disease. 
 I think it is a difficult matter to preserve eggs uninjured much 
 after the first of July. It is only with my late crops I have 
 had any difficulty. 
 
 “ In feeding, I deem it of little consequence what kind of ‘ fix¬ 
 tures ’ are used, provided due regard is paid to cleanliness, 
 ventilation, &c. I have used lime in the way usually recom¬ 
 mended, and have no doubt of its great utility. 
 
 “ In company with a neighbor, Mr. P. J. Laboyteaux, I have 
 fitted up machinery, with a view to test the practicability of 
 manufacturing various silk fabrics, satins, velvets, &c. We 
 have as yet done but little; but enough to satisfy us that, with 
 a suitable machine for throwing the silk, the business is both 
 practicable and profitable. Mr. Thompson, our weaver, re¬ 
 cently from London, is willing to ‘ job ’ the various processes 
 through which the silk has to go, at considerably under the 
 Spitalfields prices. With this advantage, and the present 
 ample protection, I see no good reason why we cannot compete 
 with Europeans. In New England, where capital and labor are 
 more abundant than in the West, I am sure this species of 
 manufacture can be prosecuted with complete success. I really 
 hope some of your enterprising manufacturers will turn their 
 attention to this business.” 
 
 At the same convention, Mr. I. R. Barbour, Oxford, Mass., 
 made the following statement of bounties on the production 
 of silk paid by the State Treasurer of Massachusetts : — 
 
 In 1836 .... $71.37 
 „ 1837 .... 198.00 
 „ 1838 .... 350.52 
 „ 1839 .... 434.62 
 
 In 1840 .... $1,233.59 
 ,, 1841 .... 2,111.42 
 „ 1842, to Oct. 1, 3,351.91 
 
 Hirsch ITeinemann, the founder of the house of Silbermann, 
 Heinemann, & Co., New York, commenced the manufacture 
 of ladies’ dress trimmings. In 1858, the house took the 
 name of Heinemann & Silbermann, on the accession of Mr. 
 Jacob Silbermann; and to this house belongs, we believe, 
 the honor of being the first makers of ladies’ belt silk ribbon 
 in the city of New York; Messrs. Dexter, Lambert, & Co. 
 having been the first to manufacture this class of goods in 
 
22 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 Boston, Mass. Feb. 1, 1876, the partnership expired, Mr. 
 Silbermann removing to 21 Mercer Street, New York, and 
 continuing the ribbon manufacture; and Mr. Jacob Ileine- 
 mann removing to 28 Howard Street, and making a specialty 
 of dress trimmings. 
 
 Mr. James Lovett, of Newark, N. J., commenced the manu¬ 
 facture of silk twist at that place in this year. 
 
 In this year Mr. Adams purchased, on behalf of the Northamp¬ 
 ton Association of Education and Industry, the estate for¬ 
 merly belonging to the New York and Northampton Silk 
 Co., including twenty to thirty acres of mulberry trees long 
 neglected. 
 
 , The following circular of this period will now be read with 
 interest:— 
 
 “ New York, Oct. 31, 1842. 
 
 “ The subscribers have established themselves as ‘ silk commis¬ 
 sion merchants,’ and will attend particularly to the sale of 
 ‘ American raw silk and silk manufactures.’ Great care will bo 
 taken of all ‘ consignments. ’ Samples of raw and other silks 
 will be received and exhibited; orders taken and sales made to 
 the greatest advantage. From long experience in the silk bus¬ 
 iness, and acquaintance with manufactures, they are persuaded 
 they may be of service to ‘ producers ’ and ‘ holders ’ of silk in 
 all parts of the United States, in bringing the silk to a ready 
 market, and also to facilitate its production, by giving informa¬ 
 tion of the description of silk most profitable to raise. 
 
 “ G. M. Haywood & Co., 128 Pearl Street. 
 “ G. M. Haywood, j 
 “ Isaac Haywood. ) 
 
 “ Reference is made to Prime, Ward & King, Bank of New York.” 
 
 1843; John Ryle advanced to a full share in the silk business with 
 Mr. Murray, the firm name being Murray & Ryle. This 
 continued till- 1846, when Mr. Ryle, with the assistance of 
 his brothers Reuben and William, of Macclesfield, England, 
 purchased Mr. Murray’s interest, and carried on the business 
 alone. In 1846, 1859-60, Mr. Ryle made attempts at weav¬ 
 ing dress silks; but the operations were not successful, be¬ 
 yond establishing the ability of manufacturers to produce 
 superior American silks. Mr. Ryle has recently resumed 
 the manufacture of broad goods, and, in connection with two 
 of his sons, under the firm name of John Ryle & Sons, is 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 23 
 
 developing a trade in twills and fancy silks. Mr. Ryle built 
 the Murray Mill at Paterson in 1854. 
 
 Albert A. Conant, of the present firm of A. A. & H. E. Conant, 
 Willimantic, Conn., commenced the manufacture of sewing- 
 silk in the old “ Williams Silk Mill,” at Mansfield, Conn. 
 Ilis partner, H. E. Conaut, became connected with the silk 
 manufacture in 1850. 
 
 F. S. Hovey, 248 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, has been con¬ 
 nected with the manufacture of sewing-silks since 1843. 
 His sewing-machine silks and tailor’s twist, known in the 
 market as the “ Hovacci ” and “ Vittorelli,” have long held a 
 favorite place in the jobbing trade. 
 
 At a convention of silk manufacturers, held in the city of New 
 York, Oct. 13 and 14, 1843, interesting and encouraging 
 reports of progress iu silk manufactures were made by the 
 following persons, amongst others : — (See Reports of the 
 American Institute of New York.) 
 
 Murray & Ryle, Paterson Silk Manufactory, manufacturing 
 tram, sewing-silk, and twist. Capital $20,000. Number of 
 hands employed, 50. 8,000 pounds raw silk per annum con¬ 
 
 sumed; lately commenced weaving; 12 looms. Gum silks 
 and specimens of silk handkerchiefs of excelleut quality 
 were exhibited by this firm. 
 
 Moses R. King, Newark, N. J. Annual consumption in New¬ 
 ark factories, 500 pounds raw silk, in making coach-laces, 
 fringe, tassels, and gimps. 
 
 Z. Storrs & Son, Mansfield Centre, Conn., engaged for ten 
 years in the manufacture of sewing-silk and twist; 1,000 to 
 2,000 pounds raw silk per annum. 
 
 Rixford & Dimock, Mansfield, Conn., commenced, 1839, man¬ 
 ufacturing sewing-silks and cords, — chiefly the former; 25 
 pounds raw silk per week, averaging $4.50 per pound; capi¬ 
 tal $4,000; nine hands employed. These gentlemen are on 
 record with the remark: “ Our views with regard to the silk 
 business in this country are, most clearly, that it will suc¬ 
 ceed.” 
 
 Captain Joseph Conant, Northampton, Mass.; forty-six years* 
 experience in the manufacture of sewing-silks, ladies’ dresses, 
 vestings, and silk handkerchiefs; 1,000 to 4,000 pounds raw 
 silk per annum; ten to twelve hands employed. (Com- 
 
24 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 menced manufacturing sewings by machinery at Mansfield, 
 Conn., in 1829, in connection with Mr. Atwood, subsequently 
 of the firm of Atwood & Crane, Mansfield, who continued 
 the business.) 
 
 Reports from Ohio, by John Fox, Sr., Mount Pleasant, Jefferson Co. 
 
 ,, ,, by John W. Gill, ,, >> n 
 
 ,, Tennessee, by William A. Haynes, Secretary, Nashville 
 ,, Silk Manufacturing Co. 
 
 ,, Indiana, by Isaac E. Jones, Richmond. 
 
 New York, by Alexander Smith, Fredonia, Chatauqua Co. 
 
 Of the roll of delegates present at this convention, we select 
 from a large number the following names, in addition to the 
 foregoing: — 
 
 Dr. Daniel Stebbins . 
 James A. Stetson . . 
 
 Christopher Colt, Jr. 
 Thomas Dale . . . 
 
 Horace Pitkin . . . 
 
 I. R. Barbour . . . 
 
 Dr. Smith Cutler . . 
 
 Gen. James Tallmadge 
 
 J. Danforth . . . 
 
 Samuel M. McKay . 
 Henry Meigs . . . 
 
 E. Cornell .... 
 
 Northampton, Mass. 
 
 ?? n 
 
 Dedham, ,, 
 
 Mansfield, Conn. 
 Manchester, „ 
 Oxford, Mass. 
 Shrewsbury, N. J. 
 New York. 
 
 n > j 
 
 11 11 
 
 11 ii 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y. 
 
 [We reproduce the 19th Resolution adopted by this convention, 
 to direct attention to the measure of progress made in the 
 direction indicated.] 
 
 “Resolved, That this convention learns with deep regret that, as in 
 other kinds of American manufacture, it has hitherto been deemed 
 necessary to attach the foreign labels, English, French, and Italian, 
 to the excellent sewings and fabrics of our own silk manufactures, 
 in order to command a ready sale in our city markets, superior as 
 these sewings and fabrics are known to be, in strength, texture, and 
 durability, to the foreign articles; 
 
 “ And that we earnestly recommend to our silk manufacturers, now in 
 the infancy of our enterprise, to set a good example to their breth¬ 
 ren in other manufactures, by attaching their own name to their 
 own goods.” 
 
 1844; Raw silk culture in America may be said to have entirely 
 ceased in this year, even the hardy white mulberry yielding 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 25 
 
 to the blighting effects cast upon the whole silk culture by 
 the utter failure of the morus multicaulis ,— the speculation 
 iu which exotic terminated in 1839. 
 
 Gurney & Co. commenced the manufacture of the IXL twist 
 and silk braids at Newark, N. J. 
 
 1848; James Royce built a silk mill at Gurleyville, now standing and 
 occupied by E. B. Smith. 
 
 In this year William Skinner, of Holyoke, Mass., commenced 
 the manufacture of sewing-silk at Northampton, removing in 
 1854 to Haydenville. The “ Unquomonk Silk Mills,” owned 
 and operated by him at that place, ranked, at the time of 
 their destruction by the bursting of the Williamsburg Reser¬ 
 voir Dam in May, 1874, among the largest silk mills iu the 
 State. Mr. Skinner has re-established his silk business at 
 Holyoke, Mass., and with the advantage of fine water-power 
 privileges, and machinery of recent construction, bids fair to 
 resume his wonted prestige among sewing-silk and machine 
 twist manufacturers. The manufacture of silk braids and 
 bindings recently begun at Holyoke, attests the enterprise of 
 this manufacturer. 
 
 Also, in this year, Tobias Ivohn, of Hartford, Conn., estab¬ 
 lished a branch of the silk manufacture, which has made 
 commendable progress. Commencing with sewing-silks and 
 trimmings, the products of this establishment — now “ the 
 Novelty Weaving and Braiding Works,” with Mr. Kohn 
 as President — are sewing-silks, gimps, fringes, tassels, and 
 braids. This company has largely developed the manufacture 
 of narrow textile fabrics in New England. The factory, 
 occupied since 1865, was enlarged and rebuilt in 1873. 
 
 1849; Col. J. Maidhof, New York, became interested in the ladies’ 
 dress trimmings manufacture in this year, at 18 and 20 
 Liberty Street, New York city, under the firm name of 
 Werner & Maidhof. Changing to Meeker & Maidhof, in 
 June, 1851, and to J. Maidhof, in April, 1865, the manu¬ 
 facture of ladies’ dress trimmings is now carried on under 
 the style of J. Maidhof & Co., January, 1876. 
 
 In this year Mr. Hemin way, of Messrs. M. Hemin way & Son’s 
 Silk Co., at Watertown, Conn., commenced the manufacture 
 of sewing-silks. 
 
 1850; J. C. Graham is the oldest established manufacturer of dress 
 
 4 
 
26 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 trimmings and narrow textile fabrics in Philadelphia, next 
 to the Messrs. Horstmann; and the extensive character of 
 the business done by this establishment has contributed, in 
 no small degree, to build up for Philadelphia its reputation 
 as a chief seat of the general manufacture of trimmings in 
 the United States.- Mr. Graham commenced operations in 
 1850, and now occupies the large building at 525 Cherry 
 Street, where he has conducted his business for a number 
 of years past. 
 
 In this year L. D. Brown first went into the silk business at 
 Gurleyville with James Royce, in the mill built by the latter 
 t at that place. In 1853 he bought the mill then occupied by 
 Messrs. Conant Bros., — A. A. & H. E. Conant, — and was 
 there chiefly occupied in the manufacture of skein-silk until 
 the year 1865, when he sold the Gurleyville mill to William 
 E. Williams, and bought the William Atwood mill at Atwood- 
 ville, forming at the same time the present firm of L. D. 
 Brown & Son. In 1871 they sold the Atwoodville mill to 
 Messrs. Macfarlane Bros., and moved into a new mill built 
 by themselves in Middletown. Machine twist silk has since 
 that time constituted the bulk of this firm’s manufacture, 
 they having given less attention to skein-silk manufacture 
 than previously. H. L. Brown, junior of the firm, has been 
 of mechanical service to the silk industry, by an improvement 
 in winding soft silk (see letters-patent, September 8, 1868), 
 this improvement having been introduced into a number 
 of silk mills. A further improvement in silk'spooling and 
 weighing (letters-patent, June 4, 1872), remains in the ex¬ 
 clusive use of the firm. 
 
 1851 ; At this date, II. W. Hensel organized the manufacture of silk 
 goods ; including fringes, gimp, tassels, neckties, passementerie 
 in general, and especially undertakers’ trimmings. The 
 value of goods made in 1851 was $10,000; the number of 
 operatives employed, 20. During the eighteen years that fol¬ 
 lowed, these figures rose respectively to an average of $150,- 
 000 and 150. In 1869, when the firm of Hensel, Wolff, & 
 Co. was formed, they reached $250,000 and 200. In Janu¬ 
 ary, 1875, when the firm of Hensel, Colladay, & Co. was 
 organized, the manufacture was $300,000 per annum, and 
 the average number of operatives 250. The original capital 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 27 
 
 was $300; that at present employed is $300,000. In 1875 
 Mr. Wolff removed to New York, becoming a partner in the 
 ladies’ dress trimming house of Flues, Spielmann & Wolff, 
 59 Walker Street. 
 
 The present firm continues in the old stand, on the corner of 
 4th and Commerce Streets, Philadelphia. 
 
 1852; Frederick Baare became connected with the silk manufacture 
 of fringes, galloons, tassels, &c.; subsequently at Schoharie 
 from 1862 to 1870, advancing to ribbons, foulards, poplins, 
 and other broad goods; and more recently founding the 
 Baare Silk Manufacturing Co. at Paterson, N. J. 
 
 At the exhibition of the Franklin Institute at Philadelphia, in 
 this year, the Judges on £ilk Goods made a report, from which 
 the following is an extract: — 
 
 “ By unanimous consent, the highest praise of the Committee is 
 awarded to William H. Horstmann & Sons, of this city, for 
 their manufacture of Fancy Taffeta Bonnet Ribbons, case 1556. 
 Indeed, your Committee must confess to having been entirely 
 taken by surprise on witnessing these productions of American 
 looms; and it required convincing proof to satisfy the Commit¬ 
 tee that they were not examining the fabrics of Lyons or St. 
 Etienne. Not only in brilliancy of coloring and weight of mate¬ 
 rial, but in evenness of manufacture, they, in all respects, are 
 equal to those which we have been so long accustomed to receive 
 from France and Switzerland. 
 
 11 The merit of introducing and carrying forward to such a degree 
 of perfection this new branch of manufacture is due to the 
 Messrs. Horstmann. The Committee may be deemed partial 
 in their feelings from the fact, that, all its members have, for a 
 long time, been engaged in the importation and sale of silk 
 goods; but this very fact gives them additional opportunity of 
 forming a correct judgment. They are unanimous in consider¬ 
 ing the production of the Messrs. Horstmann as one of the 
 greatest novelty, as well as importance, in American manufact¬ 
 ure ; and are pleased to add, in corroboration of then* views, 
 that these goods have been sold in a neighboring city, through 
 an importing house, indiscriminately with their foreign importa¬ 
 tions. Your Committee, understanding that you have a reward, 
 still higher than the usual premiums, to be bestowed in cases of 
 extraordinary merit, are unanimous in the recommendation of 
 its bestowal upon the Messrs. Horstmann.’’ 
 
 The Committee on Exhibition, in accordance with the above 
 
28 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 report, unanimously resolved to recommend to the Institute 
 to award William H. Horstmann & Sons a gold medal. 
 
 1853; George B. Skinner commenced the manufacture of sewing- 
 silk and twist at Mansfield, Conn., removing subsequently to 
 Yonkers, on the Hudson, where his mill for the manufacture 
 of machine twist, tram, organzine, and fringe silk, now gives 
 employment to 200 operatives annually. 
 
 1854; George R. Ilanks erected a mill on Hanks’s Hill, Mansfield, 
 Conn., on the site of the mill built by his father in 1821; 
 and here he continued the manufacture of sewing and twist 
 silk till 1858, when the business passed into the hands of 
 his sons, P. G. & J. S. Hanks, who now continue the busi¬ 
 ness with considerable additional facilities, the result of satis¬ 
 factory progress in the same line of manufacture. 
 
 Hamil & Booth, Passaic Silk Works, Paterson, N. J., formed 
 a copartnership, which has continued till the present day. 
 Commencing as “throwsters,” with twenty operatives, the 
 business has been added to at various times, until now they 
 give employment to 500 operatives, with their mills in full 
 operation. In 1868 the manufacture of gros-grains and 
 black dress silks was attempted, in which they continued till 
 1870, when the condition of the markets, resulting from the 
 effects of the French war in that year, caused operations to 
 cease for a time in these articles. In 1870-71 this firm 
 commenced the manufacture of ribbons and twill silks, add¬ 
 ing to their operations by the purchase of the “ Hamil Mill ” 
 in the latter year. In 1873 they renewed the production of 
 gros-grain and black dress silks, and, in 1874, entered upon 
 figured silks, Jacquard weaving, &c. Messrs. Hamil & Booth 
 received a diploma and medal at the American Institute Ex¬ 
 hibition in 1869. 
 
 1855; Dexter, Lambert & Co., successors of Tilt & Dexter, have 
 continued to the present time in the manufacture of ladies’ 
 dress trimmings and ribbons, having removed their factory 
 from Boston to Paterson, N. J., in 1867. In the summer of 
 1874, Mr. Lambert made considerable addition to his manu¬ 
 facturing facilities, by the purchase abroad of power-loon 
 machinery, and added twill and figured silk and Jacquard 
 weaving to his manufactures. 
 
 The house of Deppeler & Kammerer founded in this year. The 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 29 
 
 firm name of the house has been Deppeler & Kammerer 
 since 1866. Ladies’ dress trimmings is the specialty of this 
 house. 
 
 1856; Stelle & Walthall formed a copartnership at Paterson, N. J., 
 as “ throwsters ” of sewing, fringe, and tram silks, but dis¬ 
 solved in 1861; Mr. Walthall retiring, and Mr. Stelle associ¬ 
 ating with him his two sons, who have since continued the 
 business under the firm name of L. R. Stelle & Sons. They 
 have recently purchased a mill property at Sauquoit, near 
 Utica, N. Y., where they make the “ throwing ” of organzine 
 and tram silks a specialty. The style of the firm, January, 
 1875, is the Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Co., L. R. Stelle, 
 President, and Richard Rossmassler, formerly President of 
 the Williams Silk Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia, the 
 Treasurer. 
 
 Samuel Bertschy & Co. became identified with American silk 
 weaving. Commenced with the manufacture of hat-bands 
 and belt-ribbons, and, later, — since 1866, — under the firm 
 name of S. Bertschy & Co., have been manufacturing also 
 bonnet ribbons, neckties, &c. Occupied present mill, corner 
 10th Avenue and 46th Street, New York, since 1866. 
 
 1857; C. L. Bottum became identified with silk manufacture, in 
 the department of sewings and machine twist, at Mansfield 
 Centre, Conn., under the firm name of Conant & Bottum; 
 moved to Paterson in 1858, and sold out to Mr. Conant iu 
 1859. In the same year Mr. Bottum formed a copartnership 
 with J. H. Holland, under the firm name of J. II. Holland 
 & Co. At the end of one year G. Holland was admitted 
 into the firm. They established themselves in what is known 
 as Conantville (a few miles from Willimantic, Conn.), having 
 purchased of Captain Joseph Conant the old Conant mill, built 
 in 1852. In 1864, G. Holland, in connection with John E. 
 Atwood, invented and patented a machine to improve the qual¬ 
 ity of machine twist. So general has the use of this machine 
 become, that probably more than 95 per cent of all the 
 machine twist now made in this country is manufactured on 
 this patent machine, known as the stretching machine. By 
 this process the cords forming the thread of twist are drawn 
 into their proper place, making a uniform smooth thread. 
 In the Fall of 1864, Mr. Bottum purchased the manufacturing 
 
30 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 interest of his associates, the Messrs. Holland; and, under 
 the style of C. L. Bottum, started what he designates as 
 the “patent-machine twist brand,” deriving its title from the 
 aforesaid patent stretcher, in which Mr. Bottum continues to 
 hold a one-sixth interest. This brand of machine twist con¬ 
 tinues to be a specialty of the firm of C. L. Bottum & Co., 
 formed January 1, 1873, with G. A. Hammond and C. C. 
 Knowlton as general partners. In a recent letter to the 
 compiler of this table, Mr. Bottum adds: “In 1869, I en¬ 
 larged the mill to double its former size, and increased the 
 business more than that.” 
 
 1861 ; Impulse given to the silk-weaving industry of the United States 
 by the tariff acts approved March 2 and August 5, 1861, 
 and June 30, 1864, as is shown by the following tables, 
 taken from the Reports of the Bureau of Statistics, Treasury 
 
 • Department, Dr. Edward Young, director: — 
 
 Value of Raw Silk consumed in the United States. 
 
 In the fiscal year ending June 30,1860, 
 
 foreign gold cost.$1,162,795.00 
 
 In the fiscal year ending June 30,1873, 
 
 foreign gold cost.$6,414,729.00 
 
 Increase, say 600 per cent. 
 
 Value of Imported Manufactures of Silk consumed 
 in the United States. 
 
 In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1860, 
 
 foreign gold cost.$32,663,086.00 
 
 In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873, 
 foreign gold cost. $29,125,512.00 
 
 Decrease, say 10 per cent. 
 
 In this year, William P. Towles & Godfrey Tallerman, of 
 Baltimore, Md., commenced the manufacture of ribbons, 
 scarfs, neckties, and trimmings. 
 
 Mr. Towles has continued in the silk industry under the 
 several firm names of Towles, Tallerman, & Co., Towles 
 Brothers & Co., and, recently, the Monumental Silk Works 
 and Silk Manufacturing Company. 
 
 The silk-mill of the establishment was bfirnt in the great fire 
 of 1873, and the company then wound up'its affairs. Mr. 
 Godfrey Tallerman, Mr. Towles’s former partner, became, 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 31 
 
 in 1872, the senior of the firm of Tallerinan, Hecht, & Co., 
 • Baltimore, Md. [See year 1872.] 
 
 The war of the Rebellion gave a great impetus to silk manu¬ 
 facture. Previously, the business in domestic silks had been 
 largely limited to barter and exchange. 
 
 1862; The Singer Manufacturing Co., Inslee A. Hopper, President, 
 commenced the manufacture of machine twist at their silk 
 factory in Newark, N. J., in the mill formerly occupied by 
 James Lovett & Sons. This firm has introduced the sale of 
 American sewing and twist in foreign markets: considerable 
 amounts being annually sold at their agencies in all the prin¬ 
 cipal cities of Great Britain and the continent. 
 
 In tliis year, John Marr became connected with silk manufact¬ 
 uring in America, at Trenton, N. J. In 1865, commenced 
 the manufacture of hair nets, and, in 1868, trimming laces, 
 and spot nets of silk. Mr. Marr’s claim to be the “ pioneer ” 
 in this line of work in America is well founded. 
 
 Occupied present factory in Centre Street, New York, since 
 May, 1870. 
 
 1863; The manufacture of ribbons commenced at Williamsburg, New 
 York, by Strange & Bro.; succeeded at Paterson, N. J., in 
 
 1868, by William Strange & Co, 700 operatives are 
 annually employed in the two mills of this firm at Pater¬ 
 son. 
 
 The mills of Belding Bros. & Co., established at Rockville, 
 Conn., for the manufacture of sewing-silks aud twist, and 
 the house of Belding Bros, opened in Chicago. The New 
 York house was opened in 1865, and the Cincinnati house 
 in 1866. In the great Cincinnati Exhibition of Industry in 
 
 1869, this firm took rank as the chief silk house in the 
 North-western States, aud were accorded a first premium for 
 sewing-silk and twist; also, a first premium at Cincinnati 
 in 1870 and 1872, and at St. Louis in 1873 and 1875; also, 
 a premium by the Franklin Institute, Phila., in 1874. 
 
 The firm of Aub & Hackenburg, Philadelphia, founded July, 
 186$, — the style changing to Aub, Hackenburg & Co., in 
 October, 1865, — have occupied their present mill on North 
 Front Street, for the manufacture of sewings and machine 
 silks, since 1863. Office, 20 North 3d Street. At the ex¬ 
 hibition of the Franklin Institute at Philadelphia, in October, 
 
32 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 1874, the Judges on Silk Goods made a report, from which 
 the following is an extract: — 
 
 “ The display of goods in the various branches (silk, cotton, and 
 wool) was extremely gratifying, and reflected great credit upon 
 the manufacturers and exhibitors. The silk department was 
 particularly noticeable from the elegant display of Aub, Hack- 
 enburg & Co. ; their silk being uniform in thickness and twist, 
 and with some elasticity, makes it particularly adapted for 
 machine and sewing silks. We recommend a first premium to 
 them. We believe the manufacture of strictly pure dyed silk, 
 which the above firm claim the honor of introducing, has largely 
 driven the heavily weighted imported silks from the American 
 market. The 100 and 50 yards spool silks, plain and fancy 
 colors, manufactured by Belding Bros. & Co., are superior 
 goods, and are recommended for a first premium.” 
 
 The firm of J. W. C. Seavey & Co., established at Canton, 
 Mass., in 1863, and succeeded, about 1869, by the present 
 firm of Seavey, Foster & Bowman. [See 1840]. 
 
 The specialties of this firm are the “ Lion ” and “ Eureka ” 
 brands, the latter a popular 10-yard spool button-hole twist. 
 But a few years ago only weighted blacks were used in 
 skein silk and machine-twist. Messrs. Seavey, Foster & 
 Bowman were among the first who put up strictly pure dye 
 goods, and at the same time they manufactured and intro¬ 
 duced to the consumers measuring and strength-testing 
 machines. By the use of these machines buyers were en¬ 
 abled to inform themselves as to the actual value which they 
 were getting in each pound of twist. The enterprising con¬ 
 sumer soon found that there was no real advantage in pur¬ 
 chasing weighted goods at a lower price; and now there is 
 scarcely a manufacturer who uses machine twist in his work 
 — especially among those who aim to produce first class 
 goods — w ho would be satisfied to use an article which he 
 did not believe to be pure dye. 
 
 Louis Franke became identified with the weaving industry, 
 under the firm name of Kern & Franke, in the manufacture 
 of fringes, cords, and tassels, of silk and worsted. Mr. 
 Kern retiring in 1864, Mr. Franke conducted the business 
 himself till 1865, when the firm of Franke & Rost was 
 formed, adding Angora fringes and tassels to the articles 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 33 
 
 manufactured. In 1866, Mr. Franke again assumed entire 
 control, in his own name, and so continued until 1873, when 
 II. W. Struss was admitted; adding braided cords and silk 
 braids in 1868, and sash ribbons in 1870, to his assorted 
 stock of ladies’ dress trimmings. The corner of Broadway 
 and Broome Street, New York, has been occupied by Mr. 
 Franke since 1863, and, in 1868, an additional factory, at 37 
 and 39 Greene Street, extended the facilities of this house. 
 Braiding Works at 37 and 39 Greene St. have been removed 
 (1876), and a “throwing” mill established at Paterson, New 
 Jersey. 
 
 1864; The Dale Manufacturing Co. organized; and the Dale Silk 
 Mills completed at Paterson, N. J., in 1866. Braids and 
 bindings are now a specialty of this company. 
 
 In this year, Messrs. Werner ltschner & Co. commenced the 
 manufacture of ribbons, at 233 Chestnut Street, Philadel¬ 
 phia; removing, in December, 1865, to their mills at Ger¬ 
 mantown, near Philadelphia. 
 
 J. H. Booth & Co. commenced iu this year the manufacture 
 of tram and organzine at Paterson, N. J., a business in which 
 they have continued with no change till the present day. 
 
 1865 ; John N. Stearns, East 42d Street, New York, became identified 
 with the silk manufacture of the United States, in broad silk 
 weaving. The excellence of the fancy silks, foulards, and 
 silk handkerchiefs manufactured by Messrs. Stearns & Co. 
 has developed a large trade in this class of goods. 
 
 In this year, Rudolph Klauder, a dyer of silk, wool, and wor¬ 
 sted, organized the Quaker City Dye and Print Works at 
 Philadelphia. His father had been practically engaged in 
 the business of dyeing since 1847. To keep pace with the 
 improvements in the art and the increase in the amount 
 of business, many changes and large additions have, from 
 time to time, been required in the machinery and buildings. 
 Frequent visits to the leading establishments of Europe have 
 resulted in a better knowledge of the improvements in dyeing 
 adopted abroad ; and experienced operators, who nre familiar 
 with the new processes, have been brought to this country. 
 
 In this year, Mr. Greppo, now of the firm of Weidmann & 
 Greppo, began business as a manufacturer of braids at Cran¬ 
 ford, N. J. After the Fall of 1866, braids became slow of 
 5 
 
84 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 sale, and broad goods came into fashion. About this time 
 (1866-67), Mr. Greppo started a dyeing establishment at 
 Paterson, N. J. Mr. Greppo is the nephew of M. Bunaud, 
 of the firm of Renard, Villette, & Bunaud, Lyons, France, 
 well known as having one of the most complete dyeing es¬ 
 tablishments in the world. It may here be mentioned that 
 dyeing in this country has gradually but fully come up to 
 the highest standards of Europe, both as to blacks and 
 colors. 
 
 In 1873, J. Weidmann (now of Weidmann & Greppo) took 
 charge of the dyehouse of the Dale Manufacturing Company. 
 In March, 1874, he removed to the present quarters of the 
 firm, which were originally occupied by Mr. O’Neal, the 
 first silk dyer established in Paterson, but had remained idle 
 since his failure. Messrs. Weidmann and Greppo formed a 
 copartnership, January, 1876, and now conduct the largest 
 silk-dyeing establishment in the country. 
 
 1865-6; The Legislature of California passed an act to encourage the 
 silk culture in that State, giving a bounty of $250 for every 
 5,000 newly planted mulberry trees, and $300 for every 
 100,000 cocoons produced in California. The law was, 
 however, soon after repealed, the operations under it not 
 being considered satisfactory; and although an attempt was 
 made to revive legislation in its favor by the introduction 
 of a bill in the Senate, styled “ An Act to encourage silk 
 culture and manufacture” (see Records California State 
 Legislature, March 15, 1872), it was defeated by the adverse 
 vote of 27 to 5. 
 
 1866; The firm of J. H. & G. Holland, organized in Willimantic, 
 Conn., for the manufacture of sewing-silk and twist. The 
 firm of J. H. Holland & Co., with C. L. Bottum as partner, 
 was originally formed in 1859-60, and located at Conantville. 
 For dates of changes in business interests, see year 1857. 
 After the decease of Messrs. J. H. & G. Holland, brothers to 
 the well-known Dr. J. G. Holland (Timothy Titcomb), the 
 style of the organization became the Holland Manufacturing 
 Co., and under this title the business, largely increased by 
 the erection of an additional mill in 1872, is now under the 
 management of Mr. Ira Dimock. The “throwing” depart¬ 
 ment is under the charge of John A. Conant, and S. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 85 
 
 L. Burlingham is the treasurer of the company at Williman- 
 tic. The New York office of the company is at 435 Broad¬ 
 way. 
 
 Dunlop & Malcolm built a mill at Paterson, N. J., for the 
 manufacture of sewings and machine-twist. Style of firm 
 changed March 20, 1873, to John Dunlop. Office in New 
 York City, 51 Leonard Street. 
 
 In this year the Oneida Community became connected with the 
 silk industry, by manufacturing sewing-silks and machine- 
 twist, at Oneida, N. Y. Their business was enlarged in 
 1869, by establishing a branch factory at Wallingford, Conn. 
 
 Not the least interesting part of a recent visit to Oneida was the 
 hour spent in the silk factory, where the operations were 
 superintended by members of the Community, the opera¬ 
 tives themselves being, for the most part, from the adjoining 
 town. 
 
 In May of this year, John D. Cutter became connected with 
 the sewing-silk and machine-twist trade, in partnership with 
 D. Beach Grant, under the style of the Excelsior Manufact¬ 
 uring Co., at Paterson, N. J. February 1, 1870, Mr. Grant 
 transferred his interest to Benjamin Salter, who died in Octo¬ 
 ber, 1873, when his interest was purchased and the business 
 continued by John D. Cutter. The concern has always occu¬ 
 pied premises over the machine-shops of the Grant Locomo¬ 
 tive Works, Paterson, N. J. Office, 92 Church Street, New 
 York. 
 
 In April, 1866, the firm of Wolfsohn, Meyenberg, & Co., 128 
 Chambers Street, New York, was established in the business 
 of silk trimmings and hair nets. The firm was dissolved in 
 January, 1868 ; and S. M. Meyenberg continued the busi¬ 
 ness alone till October, 1870, when the firm of Meyenberg, 
 Prall, & Co. was formed, and the business of silk-weaving 
 attempted. The great difficulties attending a novel experi¬ 
 ment had been overcome, when the panic of 1873 overtook 
 the house, and broke up the partnership. Subsequently, Mr. 
 Meyenberg invented an imitation of a bordered lace veil, 
 obtained by printing a white netting with black flocks. The 
 demand for these veils in the following spring justified a 
 manufacture of 125 to 150 dozen per day. The success of 
 this enterprise required larger facilities, which have been ob- 
 
36 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 tained in Paterson, N. J., where suitable premises have been 
 engaged, and looms and other machinery purchased. 
 
 In January, 1866, P. G. Givernaud, associated with his three 
 sons, brought to this country 60 weavers, and began silk 
 manufacture with machinery brought from Lyons, France,— 
 the specialties being thrown and dress silks known as Grand 
 Cachemire d’Amerique. Broad silk weaving, in plain dress 
 silks, was first begun on a considerable scale in America by 
 Mr. Givernaud; and 150 operatives were employed. In 
 1869, a connection was formed with Benkard & Hutton, 
 under which the business was so increased that 500 opera¬ 
 tives were employed, and the production reached an annual 
 value of $600,000. In 1873, this connection with Benkard 
 & Hutton was dissolved; and Givernaud Brothers built a 
 new mill, which was fitted with improved throwing machinery 
 of new American design, constructed by the Danforth Ma¬ 
 chine Co., of Paterson, N. J., and containing all the requisites 
 of a first-class establishment. In the factory at West Hobo¬ 
 ken, N. J., there are 100 and at Olmstead Station 25 looms 
 now running. The value of production of dress silks in 
 1875 was $200,000, aud is now (1876) at the rate of 
 $300,000 per annum. 
 
 1869 ; The manufacture of ribbons undertaken in New York by Messrs. 
 
 A. Soleliac & Sons, who are at present actively engaged in 
 this branch of the silk manufacture. The loom machinery 
 of this firm was removed in the Fall of 1873 from West 29th 
 Street, New York, and, with some additions, found more 
 spacious quarters in the Dale Mill, at Paterson, N. J. 
 Colored dress silks have been a marked feature in this firm’s 
 products, in the past year, 1875. 
 
 Atwood & Richmond commenced the manufacture of machine- 
 twist at Brooklyn, Conn. 
 
 E. de Boissiere, silk culturist and manufacturer, at Silkville, 
 Williamsbqrg P. O., Kansas, in a letter to the Secretary of 
 the Silk Association of America, says : — 
 
 4 1 commenced the weaving silk velvet ribbons in 1869, but with 
 very inadequate accommodations. In the following year I 
 erected a factory, 85 by 28 feet, one story high, with walls of 
 stone, and having 16 windows, which gave me ample room; in 
 fact, only one-half of it has been used for silk weaving. I he 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 37 
 
 other half I design for a moulinage (a machine for dressing 
 silk), already manufactured in France, and now ready to ship. 
 I have at this time three looms, of which two are constantly 
 employed; ribbons of different widths being produced, accord¬ 
 ing to the demands of the trade. One of my looms is capable 
 of turning out 112 yards of half-inch wide ribbons per day; a 
 second, 72 yards, one inch wide; and a third, 40 yards, two 
 inches wide.” 
 
 On the 26th of June, in this year, a meeting of silk manufacturers 
 was held in the rooms of the American Institute. The late 
 William J. Ilorstmann, of Philadelphia, presided. Resolu¬ 
 tions were passed declaring that it was for the interest of the 
 silk manufacturing trade to have the products of the industry 
 well represented at the Thirty-eighth Exhibition of the Ameri¬ 
 can Institute. An association was formed on the 2d. of July fol¬ 
 lowing to promote this enterprise. Its title was, “ The National 
 Association of Silk Manufacturers for the Exposition of 1879.” 
 The following officers and managers were elected : President 
 Robert Hamil, of Paterson, N. J.; Vice-President , Frederick 
 Baare, of Schoharie, N. Y.; Treasurer , Albert Tilt, of New 
 York; Secretary , James S. Shapter, of Paterson; Managers , 
 William J. Ilorstmann, Ward Cheney, J. Maidhof, J. Silber- 
 mann, L. Kammerer, George B. Skinner, William Strange, 
 John C. Ryle, and B. Richardson. At the July meeting, a 
 committee was appointed to take measures for obtaining the 
 co-operation of the silk trade. 
 
 The foregoing was the first organized effort at uniting the silk 
 manufacturers for their common benefit, and it was the germ 
 from which grew the Silk Association of America. The lat¬ 
 ter organization was, however, preceded by the formation of 
 the Silk Industry Association of Paterson, N. J., which had 
 ill May, 1872, the following officers and board: President , 
 Robert Ilamil; Vice-President , William Strange ; Treasurer, 
 L. R. Stelle; Secretary , J. P. McKay; Managers, T. N. 
 Dale, C. Greppo, and B. Salter. 
 
 On the 12th of June, 1872, the Silk Industry Association issued 
 a call to silk manufacturers to form a national organization. 
 Forty-four concerns answered the call, and held a meeting in 
 New York, June 26th, at which the Silk Association of 
 America was organized (see page 44). The inception of the 
 undertaking was largely due to the exertions of the late Wil- 
 
38 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 liam J. Horstmann, although he did not live to see the Asso¬ 
 ciation constituted. The specific objects sought in forming the 
 Association were the gathering of accurate statistics and re¬ 
 ports on the entire silk trade and manufacture; to secure 
 united action in measures for promoting the interests of the 
 industry ; to record its growth and advances; and to check 
 fraudulent practices that interfered with its prosperity. 
 
 1870; The California Silk Manufacturing Co. started at South San 
 Francisco, Cal., with a reported capital of $50,000, in the 
 manufacture of tram, organzine, and fringe silk, sewing-silk, 
 
 • and twist. 
 
 The manufacture of ribbons commenced in Preston, near Nor¬ 
 wich, Conn., by the Norwich Loom Co.; E. Oldfield is Su¬ 
 perintendent, and W. H. II. K. C. Higgins, Treasurer. 
 The silk ribbon manufacture displaced the manufacture of 
 suspenders, which had been carried on by this company since 
 1868, in the mill owned by them at this place. The style of 
 the company became the Uncas Ribbon Co., July 1, 1875. 
 
 1871; A. G. Jennings commenced the manufacture, at his “Notting¬ 
 ham Lace Works,” Park Avenue, and Hall Street, Brooklyn, 
 New York, of guipure, Brussels, and blonde lace. Samples 
 of these articles at the American Institute Exhibition of 1873 
 evinced gratifying progress in this manufacture, which is new 
 to the United States. Grenadine silk lace veiling and cash- 
 mere dcru laces are also specialties: lace window-curtains, 
 made by means of a machine recently imported by Mr. Jen¬ 
 nings from Nottingham, England, now form a part of this 
 establishment’s assortment of lace manufactures. Salesroom, 
 428 Broome Street, New York. 
 
 Streeter & Wood bought mill at Shelburne Falls, Mass., for the 
 manufacture of machine-twist. Style changed to present 
 firm, Streeter, Merrick, & Co., in November, 1871. 
 
 1872; Tallerman, Hecht, & Co., Baltimore, Md., commenced the 
 manufacture of twilled silk, scarfs, sashes, and dress trim¬ 
 mings, occupying 43 German Street, since February of that 
 year. Mr. Tallerman disposed of his interest on the 22d of 
 December, 1873, to his partners, who continued the business 
 as the firm of M. Hecht & Co. Mr. Tallerman has removed 
 to 231 Frederick Avenue, Baltimore, and resumed his old 
 line of business, under the style of G. Tallerman & Co. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 39 
 
 The weaving industry was added to by the organization of the 
 Silk Manufacturing Co. of College Point, on Long Island, in 
 April of this year, for the manufacture of tram, organzine, 
 and ribbons. The business has been conducted by Mr. 
 Hugo Funke, its former President, for his sole account, since 
 January, 1875, under the firm name of Hugo Funke, New 
 York ; office, 343 Canal Street. 
 
 The Union Pacific Silk Manuf. Co. of California was incorpo¬ 
 rated at San Francisco in this year with a capital of $250,000, 
 for the purpose of developing the silk-weaving industry on 
 the Pacific Coast. Advices under date of February, 1875, 
 announced the commencement of weaving operations with 
 27 looms in position, and 23 more on the way. The plans 
 of the company contemplated a building 552 feet in length 
 by 50 feet iu width. Three-fifths of this building were then in 
 use. The officers of the company were: G. C. Bode, President; 
 J. D. Stewart, Secretary; Joseph Wardleton, Superintendent. 
 
 The firm of Pelgram & Meyer established their factory at 
 Paterson, N. J. There has been no change since iu their 
 organization. Their manufacture includes almost every kind 
 of silk fabrics, though ribbons and piece goods are their 
 specialties. Office at 456 Broome Street, New York City. 
 
 Iu this year, the Central Village Silk Co. began operations at 
 Central Village, Conn. In the Summer of the same year 
 they built a mill, 42X100 ft., four-story and attic, at Scran¬ 
 ton, Pa.; and were there incorporated, in October, 1873, as 
 the Scranton Silk Company. Their specialty from the first 
 has been the manufacture of tram and organzine. 
 
 The Silk Association of America founded. 
 
 1873 ; The first Annual Report of the Silk Association of America, 
 May 14, 1873, records the fact that the year ending De¬ 
 cember 31, 1872, although admittedly one in which, from 
 special causes, the silk manufacture in this country did 
 not reach the maximum results of the year previous, showed 
 a product by American manufacturers of silk goods aggre¬ 
 gating in value $25,073,201, from an investment of $15,- 
 316,414 as capital, by 147 establishments in the several 
 States of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, 
 Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 
 where were employed 11,713 operatives, receiving as the 
 wages of their labor $4,878,054. 
 
40 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 The proportionably reduced consumption of foreign silk manu¬ 
 factures in the United States is exhibited in a comparison of 
 imports, at the port of New York, for a series of years, 
 shown in the annual summaries of the statistical bulletins of 
 the Silk Association of America, as follows: — 
 
 Year. 
 
 
 Number 
 of Packages. 
 
 Value. 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 186 !) 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 21,326 
 
 16,671 
 
 20,738 
 
 23,831 
 
 28.839 
 
 36,493 
 
 36,009 
 
 29,298 
 
 $ 22 , 962,864 
 
 16 , 434,524 
 
 18 , 903,232 
 
 22 , 064,312 
 
 26 , 731,275 
 
 33 , 899,710 
 
 32 , 677,749 
 
 24 . 379,322 
 
 The American Institute of New York awarded tokens of merit, 
 as follows, to exhibitors of silk manufactures at its Forty- 
 second Exhibition, October, 1873: — 
 
 The Singer Manufacturing Co., 34 Union Square, New York. 
 For Machine-twist. Diploma. 
 
 Brainerd, Armstrong, & Co., 469 Broadway, New York. For 
 Machine-twist and Sewing-silk. Diploma. 
 
 John N. Stearns & Co., 313 East 42d Street, New York. For 
 Silks. Bronze Medal. 
 
 Nonotuck Silk Co., Florence, Mass. For Machine Twist and 
 Sewing Silk. Bronze Medal. 
 
 Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co., Paterson N. J. For the 
 best Fancy Silk Goods and Ribbons. Silver Medal. 
 
 Cheney Brothers, Hartford, Conn. For the best samples of 
 Silk. Silver Medal. 
 
 A. G. Jennings, 33 Howard Street, New York. For the best 
 Lace and Silk Goods. Silver Medal. 
 
 Joseph Neumann, San Francisco, Cal. For the best Silk 
 Cocoons, Raw Silk, and Silk Flags. Silver Medal. 
 
 Oneida Community, Oneida, N. Y. For the best Machine 
 for measuring and testing the Strength of Spool Silk. 
 Silver Medal. 
 
 1874. The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia awarded medals as 
 rewards of skill and ingenuity to the following silk manu¬ 
 facturers at its Exhibition, held October, 1874: — 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 41 
 
 Aub, Ilackenburg, & Co., Philadelphia. For Machine Twist 
 and Sewing Silk. 
 
 Bolding Bros. & Co., Conn. For Machine Twist. 
 
 The Second Annual Report of the Silk Association of America, 
 May 13, 1874, schedules the production of American Sew¬ 
 ing Silk and Machine Twist as follows, for the year ending 
 December 31, 1873: — 
 
 Status. 
 
 No. of Firms 
 and Corpora¬ 
 tions. 
 
 Value of Products. 
 
 Sewing Silk. 
 
 Machine Twist. 
 
 Total. 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 G 
 
 $55,000 
 
 $896,500 
 
 $951,500 
 
 New York. 
 
 5 
 
 G2,500 
 
 627,500 
 
 690,000 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 2 
 
 65,000 
 
 122,500 
 
 187,500 
 
 Maryland. 
 
 l 
 
 22,500 
 
 
 22,500 
 
 California. 
 
 1 
 
 
 90,960 
 
 90,960 
 
 Connecticut. 
 
 18 
 
 ’ 127,'350 
 
 1,995,467 
 
 2,122,817 
 
 Massachusetts .... 
 
 7 
 
 647,000 
 
 1,874,405 
 
 2,521,405 
 
 Now Hampshire .... 
 
 1 
 
 12,000 
 
 36,000 
 
 48,000 
 
 Vermont. 
 
 1 
 
 
 15,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 Exhibit for 1873 .... 
 
 42 
 
 $991,350 
 
 $5,658,332 
 
 $6,649,682 
 
 Among the valuable records of this year is the following con¬ 
 gratulatory letter from his Honor M. R. Waite, Chief Justice 
 of the United States, in response to a gift of a silk robe of 
 American-manufactured silk, presented to him in the name 
 of the Association, on the occasion of his installation as Chief 
 Justice of the United States : — 
 
 Washington, D. C., March 11,1874. 
 
 My Dear Sir, — Please excuse me for not sooner acknowledging 
 the receipt of your esteemed favor of the 27th ult., and the 
 most acceptable gift from the Silk Association of America of 
 an official robe, made of silk manufactured in my native State. 
 It gave me great pleasure to wear the robe on the occasion of 
 my qualifying to enter upon the duties of my new office ; and 
 I need not say to you that I shall most gladly comply with your 
 request, and wear it in the future. It furnishes the evidence of 
 one of the greatest triumphs of American industry. Be kind 
 enough to present to the Association my warmest thanks for 
 their much valued gift, and my best wishes for their success in 
 the honorable work in which they are engaged. 
 
 Most truly and sincerely yours, 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Franklin Allen, Esq., Secretary , 
 
 6 
 
 M. R. Waite. 
 
42 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 1875. Tlie import of raw silk to supply the silk industry of the United 
 States was larger in 1875 than in any previous year, as 
 shown by the following table, taken from the official reports 
 of Hon. Edward Young, Chief of the U. S. Bureau of Sta¬ 
 tistics, Treasury Department, Washington : — 
 
 1868 . 600,035 lbs. 
 
 1809 . .. 695,353 ,, 
 
 1870 . 738,3S1 „ 
 
 1871 . 1,291,675 „ 
 
 1872 . 1,244,193 „ 
 
 1873 . 831,728 ,, 
 
 1874 . 806,774 „ 
 
 1875 . 1,330,482 ,, 
 
 The first tariff act, July 4, 1789, was the second act of any kind 
 passed after the organization of the United States government under 
 the Federal Constitution. The following is its preamble, in the first 
 section: “ Whereas, it is necessary for the support of Government, for 
 the discharge of the debts of the United States, and the encouragement 
 and the protection of manufactures, that duties be laid on goods, wares, 
 and merchandises imported,” &c. 
 
 The effect of this protective principle, successively applied in na¬ 
 tional legislation by a customs tariff on imported goods, has been to 
 impart a stimulus and healthful activity to the American silk industry. 
 
 The improved condition of the operative, his advance in skill and 
 intelligence, and the multiplied opportunities for his improvement, 
 physically, socially, and morally, are, in no small measure, owing to 
 the incidental encouragement and protection thus secured to the prod¬ 
 uct of his labor. 
 
 The following table presents a view of the changes that have taken 
 place in the policy of the Gbvernment since its organization : — 
 
 By the Tariff Acts of 
 
 Aug. 10,1790, Silk manufactures paid 71% of d e u?y. 
 
 May 2, 1792, „ „ „ 10% „ 
 
 >, 12 *% 
 
 „ 15% „ 
 
 » 30 % • » 
 
 „ 20 % 
 
 ” 20 % 
 
 Sectional excitement, tlie South against the North, was the cause of a 
 general reduction of duties in 1832. By Act 
 
 July 14,1832, Duty on silk manufactures from ) was reduced to 5%. 
 
 this side of Cape of Good Hope j F-’ ’ ~ ° 
 
 »» »* » A duty of 40% was levied upon sowi: 
 
 March 3, 1797, 
 „ 26, 1804, 
 July 1, 1812, 
 May 22. 1824, 
 „ 19, 1828, 
 
 [War with Great Britain.] 
 From beyond Cape of Good Hope, 25% 
 
 30 % 
 
 ) From beyond Cape of Good Hope to 10%. 
 owing-silk, and 12*% on raw silk 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 43 
 
 March 2,1833, Mr. Clay’s Compromise Act abolished the duties on “ manufactures of 
 silk, or of which silk shall be the component material of chief value, 
 coming from this sule of the Cape of Good Hope, except sewing-silk.” 
 Raw silk remained at 12£%. The act further provided for a reduction 
 every two years, on Jan. 1st, 1836, 1838, and 1840 respectively, of one- 
 tenth part of the excess of duty over 20% on all foreign imports; a re¬ 
 duction on Jan. 1st, 1842, of one-lialf the remainder of such excess, and 
 from and after Dec. 31st, 1842, the residue of such excess to be de¬ 
 ducted. All but the latter provision was enforced, the rate on sewing- 
 silk being reduced to 26%. 
 
 10 % 
 
 Sept. 11, 1841, Silk manufactures and raw silk. 
 
 , whether from beyond or from this side) 
 
 20% 
 
 of the Cape of Good Hope, were advanced to . 
 
 . i 
 
 Aug. 30, 1842, 
 
 Silk manufactures paid 30% 
 
 n. o. p. f * $ 2.50 per. lb. 
 
 July 30, 1846, f 
 
 ,, „ „ 
 
 30% 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 25% 
 
 March 3, 1857, t 
 
 „ ,, „ 
 
 2 n 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 19 % 
 
 March 2, 1861, 
 
 „ „ „ 
 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 30% 
 
 Aug 5, 1861, 
 
 „ „ „ 
 
 40% 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 40% 
 
 June 30, 1864, 
 
 „ „ „ 
 
 60% 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 50% 
 
 Feb. 8, 1875, all silk goods, containing over ] 
 
 
 75% in 
 
 value of silk, irrespective f-60% 
 
 n. o. p. f. 
 
 50% 
 
 of commercial designation 
 
 
 
 * Not otherwise provided for, silk chief value, 
 t Raw silk reduced to 15% by act of July 30, 1846. 
 t Raw silk made free by act of March 3, 1857. 
 
 187G; By the death of Ward Cheney, President of the Silk Asso¬ 
 ciation of America, which occurred March 22, 1870, the 
 Association lost a warm friend and earnest supporter. His 
 death was felt as a heavy loss not only by his associates and 
 the working people of the silk mills at South Manchester, 
 Conn., to whom he had been almost a father, but also by a 
 far wider circle of warm friends, and indeed by all connected 
 with the silk industry in this country. 
 
 At a meeting of the Association, held in New York, March 23, 
 called to take appropriate action expressive of the loss sus¬ 
 tained by the decease of Mr. Cheney, the following resolu¬ 
 tions were unanimously adopted : — 
 
 “ Whereas , In the ordering of Providence, our dear friend and 
 most worthy President, Ward Cheney, has been taken from 
 us; and 
 
 Whereas , Air. Cheney was a man of unspotted reputation, true 
 and just in all his dealings, kind and genial in all his inter¬ 
 course, ripe and mature in his judgment, and in every way 
 well-deserving and well-befitting the proud position he occupied 
 in the silk trade and in this Association; 
 
 Therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved , That we unfeiguedly mourn the loss of Ward Cheney, 
 
44 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 and dee’ply sympathize with his family in their great bereave¬ 
 ment ; that we hold up for imitation his character, his integ¬ 
 rity, and his enterprise ; that we are proud of his name, and 
 will keep his memory green while the silk trade shall last. 
 That, as a mark of affectionate respect, a committee of this Asso¬ 
 ciation be delegated to attend the funeral of Mr. Cheney; and 
 Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be engrossed and bound 
 for presentation as a memento to Mr. Cheney’s family.” 
 
 At the annual meeting of the Silk Association of America, held m 
 New York on the twenty-sixth day of April, the following named were 
 unanimously elected to constitute the Board of Government for the 
 ensuing year: — 
 
 President: 
 
 Frank W. Cheney ..Hartford, Conn. 
 
 Vice-Presidents: 
 
 Thomas N. Dale .Paterson, N. J. 
 
 A. B. Strange ...New York. 
 
 William Ryle .New York. 
 
 Directors: 
 
 F. O. Horstmann . . . Philadelphia. 
 
 B. Richardson . . . New York. 
 
 George B. Skinner 
 
 New York and Yonkers. 
 Ira Dimock . . . Florence, Mass. 
 William Strange . Paterson, N. J. 
 
 C. Greppo .... „ 
 
 A. Soleliac .... New York. 
 
 William Skinner . Holyoke, Mass. 
 
 Seth Low. New York. 
 
 I. A. Hopper . . . Newark, N. J. 
 
 George H. Bdrritt . New York. 
 L. Bayard Smith . . „ „ 
 
 Milo M. Belding Rockville, Conn. 
 D. O’Donoghue . . . New York. 
 
 A. G. Jennings .... Brooklyn. 
 Louis Franke .... New York. 
 C. Lambert .... Paterson, N. J. 
 John T. Walker . . . New York. 
 J. W. C. Seavey . . Canton, Mass 
 Frank Cheney 
 
 South Manchester, Conn. 
 
 Treasurer: 
 John N. Stearns. 
 
 Secretary: 
 
 Franklin Allen. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA, 
 
 45 
 
 The total value of silk manufactures in the United States in 1875 
 was reported by the Secretary, at the annual meeting of the Associa¬ 
 tion, as $'27,158,071, classified as follows: — 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Tram. 
 
 Organzine. 
 
 Spun silk. 
 
 Fringe .. 
 
 Floss ... 
 
 Sewing-silk. 
 
 Machine-twist . . . . 
 
 Dress goods. 
 
 Millinery and tie silks . 
 Women’s scarfs . . . 
 Men’s ,, . . . 
 
 Handkerchiefs . . . . 
 
 Foulards. 
 
 Ribbons . 
 
 Laces. 
 
 Coach laces. 
 
 Veils and veiling . . . 
 
 Silk hose. 
 
 Braids and bindings . . 
 
 Military trimmings . . 
 
 Upholstery „ . . 
 
 Ladies’ dress trimmings 
 
 461,518 
 
 230,006 
 
 150,000 
 
 42,327 
 
 6,861 
 
 85,211 
 
 459,259 
 
 $2,976,501 
 
 1,819,000 
 
 850,000 
 
 243,489 
 
 42,568 
 
 885,079 
 
 5,535,754 
 
 1,412,500 
 
 2,544,191 
 
 104,523 
 
 30,000 
 
 905,115 
 
 450,000 
 
 4,815,485 
 
 164,000 
 
 35,652 
 
 65,264 
 
 6,000 
 
 383,100 
 
 33,000 
 
 459,613 
 
 3,397,237 
 
 Total products, 1875 
 
 1,435,782 
 
 $27,158,071 
 
 Reeled silk consumed. 
 
 Spun „ ,, . 
 
 Total silk threads. 
 
 Consumed in sewings and twist . . 
 
 Consumed in weaving .... 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 1,285,782 
 
 $11,502,391 
 
 
 150,000 
 
 850,000 
 
 
 1,435,782 
 
 $12,352,391 
 
 12,352,391 
 
 544,470 
 
 6,420,833 
 
 
 891,312 
 
 $5,931,558 
 
 $14,805,680 
 
addenda. 
 
 1840 ; At the risk of a little repetition, the following facts are given 
 consecutively: — 
 
 After Samuel Whitmarsh withdrew from the New York and 
 Northampton Silk Co., Captain Joseph Conant was put in 
 charge of their mills for a few months. When leaving 
 Atwood & Crane to go to Northampton, he took with him 
 the foreman of that firm, Dwight Swift. The New York and 
 Northampton Silk Company paid its debts, closed its mills at 
 Northampton and Florence, and sold out. The purchasers 
 were Captain Conant, and S. L. Hill, George W. Benson, 
 and William Adams, whom he associated with him in the 
 enterprise. The conveyance was made in the Fall of 1841; 
 the next Spring the purchasers organized as the North¬ 
 ampton Association or Community. They attempted com¬ 
 munism at table, as well as in farming, silk culture and 
 manufacture, and the ownership of property. In 1844 this 
 experiment ended, and S. L. Hill bought the whole of the 
 remaining property. He offered land at Florence to home¬ 
 stead settlers, only reserving enough of the real estate, water¬ 
 power, and buildings to carry on the silk manufacture. Mr. 
 Hill interested S. L. Hinckley, a capitalist of Northampton, 
 as a silent partner in this enterprise, which was kuown as the 
 Nonotuck Steam Mill, S. L. Hill, agent; “ Nouotuck ” being 
 an Indian name for Northampton. Others afterward were 
 associated in the undertaking, and the Nonotuck Silk Com¬ 
 pany was formed, with Mr. Hinckley for President, and Mr. 
 Hill, Treasurer. 
 
 After the Community sold out to Mr. Hill, Captain Conant 
 built the mill between Florence and Northampton, now 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 owned by Warner & Lathrop. In 1852, Captain Conant 
 built the “ Conant Mill ” at Conantville, Conn. Captain 
 Conant’s long connection with silk interests has been else¬ 
 where referred to; he was prominent in urging the adoption 
 of the present tariff. O. S. Chaffee, his son-in-law, and for 
 some years his partner, is now among the oldest of the active 
 silk manufacturers. 
 
 1818; Joseph Warner entered the silk business with J. Conant & 
 Co., — composed of Captain J. Conant, Dwight Swift, and 
 
 O. S. Chaffee, — in the old Conant Mill near Northampton, 
 Mass., and has ever since continued in the same place, making 
 the manufacture of sewing-silks a specialty, and occasionally 
 producing some spool-twist. J. Ilarvey Holland was the dyer 
 of Conant & Co. in 1848 ; in 1849, the firm of Warner, Hol¬ 
 land, & Co. was formed, and succeeded to the business. Mr. 
 William Skinner joined Mr. Warner in 1852; and when the 
 former removed to Haydenville, in 1854, the firm became 
 Warner & Suydam. In 1860, Mr. Warner carried on the 
 business alone, and so continued till 1871, when Mr. J. S. 
 Lathrop, of Northampton, became a partner, under the style 
 of Warner & Lathrop, which has continued without change 
 to the present time (1876). The excellence of the sewing- 
 silks of this establishment is recognized by all silk manu¬ 
 facturers. 
 
 1870; In this year, Robert Simon came to this country, and was en¬ 
 gaged by John N. Stearns, then a large manufacturer of gros- 
 grain dress-silks. In 1871, Mr. Simon was engaged by E. 
 
 P. Moore & Co., of Paterson, who also were making dress 
 goods. In 1873, he was employed by Benkard & Hutton to 
 superintend their factory at West Hoboken, N. J. Robert 
 and Herman Simon, in April, 1875, started a new mill at the 
 town of Union, two and a half miles from West Hoboken 
 Ferry. They put in new machinery, including spinners made 
 by the Danforth Machine Co., of Paterson ; power-looms, by 
 Van Winkle, of the same city ; spooling and warping ma¬ 
 chines imported from Europe; and, in addition, parts of 
 looms, constructed according to peculiar plans furnished by 
 Robert Simon. They now have fifty hand-looms and fifty 
 power-looms for making dress-silks, their average production 
 being valued at $350,000 per year. 
 
GENERAL STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE SILK INDUSTRY IN AMERICA, 
 
 TOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 3 IST, 1875. 
 
 ===== 
 
 * £ i 
 
 
 —- 1 - 
 
 NO. OF OPERATIVES 
 
 EMPLOYED 
 
 
 Value Capital 
 Invested and 
 Employed. 
 
 
 STATES. 
 
 m 
 
 
 KIND OF ARTICLES MANUFACTURED. 
 
 Males. 
 
 Females. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Wages 
 
 Paid 
 
 Total Value 
 of Production. 
 
 3 O 
 0 c a. 
 
 OSCJ 
 
 
 Over 
 
 16 years. 
 
 Under 
 16 years 
 
 Over 
 
 16 years. 
 
 Under 
 16 years 
 
 
 
 New Jersey. 
 
 57 
 
 
 Gum silks, tram, organzine, fringe silks,sew¬ 
 ing silks, machine twist, dyeing, weaving, rib¬ 
 bons,dress and fancy silks, scarfs, handkerchiefs, 
 veils and veiling, ladies’ dress tiimmings, braids 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 j-2349 
 
 1 
 
 748 
 
 3902 
 
 1382 
 
 8381 
 
 $ 2 9 6 9.993 
 
 $ 5 , 926,804 
 
 $10,930,035 
 
 New York. 
 
 76 
 
 
 Gum silks, tram, organzine, fringe silks, sew¬ 
 ing silks, machine twist, dyeing, weaving, rib 
 bons, dress and fancy silks, handkerchiefs, ladies’ 
 dress trimmings, guipure laces, upholstery trim- 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 y 9 2 ° 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 209 
 
 1792 
 
 671 
 
 359 2 
 
 I > 497 , 5 6 3 
 
 3,703,983 
 
 5 735 ,o 69 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Massachusetts.. . 
 
 Pennsylvania . . . 
 
 24 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 Gum „ilks, tram, organzine, spun silks, fringe 
 
 silks floss silks, sewing silks, machine twist, 
 dyeing, weaving, ribbons, dress and fancy silks, 
 [ handkerchiefs, foulards, braids and bindings, etc. 
 f Gum silks, tram, organzine, sewing silks, 
 machine twist, dyeing weaving, ribbons, ladies’ 
 
 [_ dress trimmings upholstery trimmings, etc- 
 
 r Gum silks, tram organzine, fringe silks, floss 
 silks, sewing silks machine twist, dyeing, weav¬ 
 ing, ribbons, braids and bindings, ladies’ dress 
 trimmings, upholstery trimmings, military trim¬ 
 mings , etc .............. . .. 
 
 j 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 ] 
 
 1 
 
 y 8 3° 
 
 j- 241 
 
 1 
 
 j- 33 ° 
 
 183 
 
 ”4 
 
 112 
 
 1374 
 
 79 1 
 
 738 
 
 476 
 
 252 
 
 248 
 
 2863 
 
 1398 
 
 1428 
 
 9 2 5 . 3 6 7 
 
 374 , 3 Sl 
 
 486,107 
 
 4 . 570,449 
 
 1,506,290 
 
 1,706,632 
 
 5 43 °, 6 9 2 
 
 a, 748 , 43 * 
 
 1 , 857,494 
 
 California. 
 
 4 
 
 
 ( Tram, machine twist, dyeing, ladies’ dress 
 
 | 
 
 j 
 
 ■ 34 
 
 14 
 
 53 
 
 28 
 
 129 
 
 37 , 7 io 
 
 277,000 
 
 141 ,000 
 
 Ohio.. . 
 
 5 
 
 L 
 
 | trimmings and upholstery trimmings ....... . 
 
 adies’ dress trimmings and upholstery trimmings 
 adies' dress trimmings and upholstery trimmings 
 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 2 5 
 
 14 
 
 5 2 
 
 2 4 , 55 ° 
 
 49,500 
 
 75 ,ooo 
 
 65,000 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 L 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 14 
 
 46 
 
 21,917 
 
 41,200 
 
 Kentucky. 
 
 Ladies' dresi trimmings and upholstery trimmings 
 Sewing silks machin** fwisf and dyeing. 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 21 
 
 II 
 
 4 i 
 
 20 330 
 
 31 200 
 
 50,000 
 
 New Hampshire. 
 
 Maryland 
 
 j 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 
 12 
 
 20 
 
 4,980 
 
 27,000 
 
 44,000 
 
 1 
 
 Ladies’ dreso trimmings . . 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 10 
 
 6 
 
 26 
 
 I 4 - 3 2 5 
 
 26,200 
 
 35.000 
 
 Missour.. 
 
 1 
 
 Ladies dress trimmings and upholstery trimmings 
 Ladies’ dress trimmings and upholstery trimmings 
 Machine twist and dyeing. 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 i 4 
 
 6,595 
 
 I I JOO 
 
 1 5.000 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 ! 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 6,595 
 
 I 1,700 
 
 15,000 
 
 V ermont 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1,380 
 
 14,200 
 
 I 15,000 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 
 Ladies’ dress trimmings... 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 463 
 
 10,000 
 
 i, 35 ° 
 
 Exhibit for 1875. 
 
 1 
 
 213 
 
 
 4743 
 
 1409 
 
 8739 
 
 3126 
 
 18017 
 
 $6,392,256 
 
 $17 013,858 
 
 $27,158,071 
 
DIRECTORY OF THE SILK MANUFACTURE IN 
 
 THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 1876. 
 
 Page 
 
 Importers of Raw Silk. 51 
 
 Brokers in Raw Silk. 51 
 
 Manufacturers of, and Dealers in, Silk Goods : — 
 
 New York. 52 
 
 New Jersey. 50 
 
 Pennsylvania. 59 
 
 Maryland. 00 
 
 Connecticut. 01 
 
 Massachusetts. 02 
 
 New Hampshire. 03 
 
 Vermont. 04 
 
 Kansas . 04 
 
 Missouri. 04 
 
 Illinois. 04 
 
 Ohio. 04 
 
 California. 04 
 

 
 
SILK DEPARTMENT, 
 
 INCLUDING IMPORTERS OF RAW SILK, BROKERS, 
 DEALERS, AND SILK MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 NEW YORK CITY. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF RAW SILK. 
 
 C. A. Auffmordt & Co. 10 Greene * 
 
 A. Begoden.12 Old Slip 
 
 Jesse S. Blydenburgk. 66 Pine 
 
 Cary & Co. 90 „ 
 
 John Caswell & Co. 87 Front 
 
 H. Fogg & Co.32 Burling Slip 
 
 Gossler & Co. 134 Pearl 
 
 Hadden & Co.33 Chambers 
 
 Heinemann & Casey. (In liquidation). 58 Pine 
 
 Hewlett & Torrance. 69 Wall 
 
 A. A. Low & Bros.31 Burling Slip 
 
 William F. Milton & Co.159 Maiden Lane 
 
 More wood & Co. 34 South 
 
 Oelrichs & Co.2 Bowling Green 
 
 Olyphant & Co., of China. 104 Wall 
 
 J. C. Phillips & Co. 130 Water 
 
 William Ryle (also dealer in Thrown Silks) .... 33 Mercer 
 
 William II. Smith & Son.77 William 
 
 Swire Bros.; A. H. Gibbes, Agent. 68 Wall 
 
 Vogel, Ilagedorn, & Co.; Benjamin D. Smith .... 120 Front 
 
 John T. Walker. 81 Pine 
 
 Wetmore, Cryder & Co. 74 South 
 
 Wood, Payson & Colgate. 64 Pine 
 
 BROKERS IN RAW SILK. 
 
 D. 0‘Donoglnie & Co.48 Howard 
 
 George M. Haywood.191 Church 
 
52 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 Nathan IT. Johnson. 119 Market Street, Philadelphia 
 
 Rowland Johnson. 54 Bearer 
 
 B. Richardson & Son. 5 Mercer 
 
 SILK MANUFACTURERS, AND DEALERS IN SILK 
 MANUFACTURES. 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 Arnold & Banning. Twills, &c. Salesroom, 56 Lispenard Street. 
 
 Bache & Bidmead. Elastic Webs. Factory and salesroom, 155 and 
 157 11th Avenue. 
 
 Bernstein & Mack. Ladies’ Dress Trimming and Passementerie. Fac¬ 
 tory, 214 to 222 West 26th Street; salesroom, 470 Broadway. 
 
 Samuel Bertschy & Co. Ribbons, Ladies’ Dress Trimmings, &c. Fac¬ 
 tory, cor. 10th Avenue and 46th Street; salesroom, 460 Broome 
 Street. 
 
 C. F. Blake. Ribbons. Fulton Street, Brooklyn. 
 
 William Blau. Tassels and Fur Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 88 Prince Street. 
 
 Boston & Schmid. Coach Laces, Fringes, and Tassels.. Factory and 
 salesroom, 5 West Fourth Street. 
 
 Brainerd, Armstrong, & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. 469 Broad¬ 
 way; 301 Market Street, Philadelphia; 13 German Street, Balti¬ 
 more. 
 
 Edward G. Brown. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 787 and 789 Broadway. 
 
 John T. Camp & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 19 Mercer Street. 
 
 B. L. Cohen. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 5 
 Howard Street. 
 
 Collett & Huge!. Fringes, Gimps, and Cords. Factory and salesroom, 
 26 Union Square. 
 
 William H. Copcutt & Co. Tram, Spool Silks, Sewing Silk, and Twist. 
 Mills, Yonkers; salesroom, 350 Canal Street. 
 
 James Dalton. Hair Nets. Factory and salesroom, 61 Hudson Street. 
 
 Deppelcr & Kammerer. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 108 Grand Street. 
 
 George Dietzel. Hair Goods and Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory 
 and salesroom, 398 Broome Street. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 53 
 
 F. Dreisacker & Co. Cloak Trimmings and Buttons. Factory and 
 salesroom, 491 Broadway. 
 
 Julius Dreyfuss. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 146 
 Eldridge Street. 
 
 Adolph S. Ellison. Dress Trimmings. 46 Walker Street. 
 
 Fisher & Taff. Ladies’ Dress* and Cloak Trimmings. Factory and 
 salesroom, 8 Howard Street. 
 
 Louis Franke. Organzine, Tram, Twist, and Fringe Silk, Braid and 
 Silk Fringes, Sash Ribbons, Braided Cord, Tubular Braid, &c. Braid¬ 
 ing works and silk mill, Paterson; Trimming factory, 444 Broome 
 Street, New York; salesroom, 480 Broadway. 
 
 Frankenheimer & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 810 Broadway. 
 
 Hugo Funke. Ribbons. Mills, College Point, L. I.; salesroom, 343 
 Canal Street. 
 
 German Braid Company. Silk Braids. Brooklyn, E. D. 
 
 Henry Gimpel & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings, Cords, and Tassels. 
 Factory and salesroom, 403 Broadway. 
 
 Frederick Gmiuder & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings, Cords, and Tas¬ 
 sels. Factory and salesroom, 56 Walker Street. 
 
 Louis Greenbaum. Cords and Tassels. Factory, 447 to 453 West 26th 
 Street; salesroom, 248 Canal Street. 
 
 P. Hagan. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 180 Bowery. 
 
 M. Iiaiges. Dress Trimmings. Rochester. 
 
 Henry Hart wig & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 340 Bowery. 
 
 Frederick Haubner & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 606 Eighth Avenue. 
 
 Thomas F. Hayes. Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings. Factory 
 and salesroom, 77 University Place. 
 
 James Ileidenreick. Silk Dyer. 423 and 425 West 35th Street, and 
 422-424 36th Street. 
 
 Jacob Ileinemann. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings, Cords, Tassels, &c. 28 
 Howard Street. 
 
 Helmke & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 731 Broadway. 
 
 William H. H. K. C. Higgins. Agent for Hobley Bros., Williams- 
 burgh; and Uncas Ribbon Co., Preston, Conn. Dealer in Ribbons 
 and Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Salesroom, 107 Grand Street. 
 
 Isaac Hilton. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and sale room, 128 
 River Street, Troy. 
 
 Hobley Bros. William H. H. K. C. Higgins, Agent. Belt Ribbons, 
 Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings, &c. Factory, Williamsburgh; 
 salesroom, 107 Grand Street. 
 
54 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 F. Hoffman. Furrier Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 356 
 Bowery. 
 
 Horstmann Bros. & Allien. Military Equipments, Regalia, Silk 
 Bunting, Theatrical Goods, &c. Factory, Philadelphia; salesroom, 
 7 Bond Street. 
 
 George Howard. Fancy Goods, TwiHs, &c. Roman Scarfs a spe¬ 
 cialty. Factory and salesroom, 343 West 24th Street. 
 
 C. W. Jackson & Co. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 114 East 14th Street. 
 
 A. G. Jennings. Guipure, Blonde and Brussels Laces, Grenadine 
 Veiling, &c. Factory, “Nottingham Lace Works,” Park Avenue 
 and Hall Street, Brooklyn; salesroom, 428 Broome Street. 
 
 Alexander King & Co. Dealers in Organzine, Tram, Fringes, Twist 
 and Sewing Silks. Salesroom, 52 White Street. 
 
 Kormann & Stepath. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 42 Walker Street. 
 
 Rudolph Krumsick. Cords, Tassels, and Fur Trimmings. Factory 
 and salesroom, 7 Mercer Street. 
 
 M. Leiter. Ribbons and Upholstery Gimps. Factory and salesroom, 
 59 to 65 Goerck Street. 
 
 F. Leschhorn & Co. Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings. Factory 
 and salesroom, 21 Howard Street. 
 
 Robert Levy & Co. Eureka Cord and Tassel Co. Cords and Tassels. 
 Factory and salesroom, 204 West Houston Street. 
 
 J. Lovetts Sons. Sewing Silk and Twist. Factory and salesroom, 
 Tarrytown. 
 
 S. McLure. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 251 Fulton 
 Street, Brooklyn. 
 
 William Macfarlane. Gum Silk, Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and 
 salesroom, Yonkers, “ Nepperhan Silk Works.” 
 
 Macfarlane & Co. Agents for Macfarlane Bros., Mansfield, Conn. 
 Sewing Silk and Twist. Salesroom, 43 Walke Street. 
 
 J. Maidhof & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 455 and 457 Broadway. 
 
 John Marr. Hair-nets, Lace Goods, Jacquard Weaving. Factory and 
 salesroom, 144 Centre Street. 
 
 Sewing Silk and Twist. Salesroom, 319 Canal 
 Factory and salesroom, 
 
 Charles N. Martin. 
 
 Street. 
 
 A. Maynard & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. 
 
 100 South 6th Street, Brooklyn, E. D. & 
 
 L. Meyer & Co. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 424 
 Broome Street. 
 
 A. Mo!] Braids. Factory and salesroom, 233 and 235 5th Street, 
 Brooklyn, E. D. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 55 
 
 George S. Moulton & Co. Gros Grain Ribbons, Hat Bands, &c. 
 Salesrooms, 100 and 102 Worth Street; and 73 Chauncy Street, 
 Boston. 
 
 Ernst Muller. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 820 Broadway. 
 
 J. Nawl. Cords and Braids. Brooklyn. 
 
 William Neustaedter. Dealer in Tram, Organzine, and Spun Silk. 
 Salesroom, 46 Walker Street. 
 
 Jacob New. Ribbons. Factory, 422 to 428 West 38th Street; sales¬ 
 room, 458 Broome Street. 
 
 New York Silk Manufacturing Co. Gros Grain Ribbons, Beltings, 
 and Hat Bandings. Factory and salesroom, 291 West 11th Street. 
 L. Bloom, Sole Agent. 
 
 Nordheim & Harris. Dress and Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and 
 salesroom, 7 Washington Place. 
 
 Maurice O’Brien. Upholstery Trimmings and Fringes. Factory and 
 salesroom, 94 Bowery. 
 
 Oneida Community, Oneida. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and 
 salesroom, Oneida. 
 
 Morris Opper. Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 684 
 Broadway. 
 
 A. L. Phillips & Co. Hatters’ and Furriers’ Trimmings. Factory 
 and salesroom, 54 Mercer Street. 
 
 S. Pick. ’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 595 
 Broadway. 
 
 Reitmeyer & Dusenberry. Manufacturers and Importers of Silk Wor¬ 
 sted, Linen and Cotton Fringes and Trimmings, Hatters’ Trimmings, 
 &c. Factory, 324 to 332 Delancey Street, and 31 to 41 Tompkins 
 Street; salesroom, 29 Howard Street. 
 
 Roemer & Co. Upholstery Trimmings and Fringes. Factory and 
 salesroom, 729 Broadway. 
 
 Reuben Ryle & Co. Agents for Sterrett, Ryle & Murphy, Paterson, 
 N. J. Tram, Organzine, Spool Silks, and Ribbons. Salesroom, 19 
 Mercer Street. 
 
 Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Co. L. R. Stelle, President. Richard 
 Rossmassler, Treasurer. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silks. 
 Factory and salesroom, Sauquoit, near Utica; and 319 to 323 Garden 
 Street, Philadelphia. 
 
 C. A. Schmidt. Upholstery Trimmings and Fringes. Factory and 
 salesroom, 85 Chambers and 67 Reade Streets. 
 
 J. Silbermann & Co. Bonnet and Belt Ribbons, Dress Trimmings, 
 Cords, Tassels, &c. Factory, 452 to 456 10th Avenue ; salesroom, 
 21 Mercer Street. 
 
56 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 George B. Skinner & Co. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silk, Sewing 
 and Twist. Mills, Yonkers; salesroom, 59 Walker Street. 
 
 John N. Stearns & Co. Organzine, Dress, and Fancy Silks, Pop¬ 
 lins, Serget, Pongees, &c., &c. Factory, 213 to 221 East 42d 
 Street; salesroom, 43 Mercer Street. 
 
 R. Steinkardt. Ribbons. Factory, 162 to 164 West 27th Street; 
 salesroom, 89 Grand Street. 
 
 L. Sutro. Ladies’ Dress and Fur Trimmings. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, 35 Wooster Street. 
 
 R. Weinberg. Upholstery Trimmings and Fringes. Factory and 
 salesroom, 814 Broadway. 
 
 William Weiss. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings, Buttons, and Ornaments. 
 Factory and salesroom, 424 Broome Street. 
 
 P. H. & W. Williams. Fringes, Tassels, Gimps, &c. Factory and 
 salesroom, 875 Broadway. 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 R. H. Adams. Ribbons and Fancy Silks. Factory and salesroom, 
 Paterson. 
 
 C. B. Auer & Co. Neckties, Bindings, &c. Mills, Paterson, “ Oldham 
 Mills;” salesroom, 18 Mercer Street, New York. M. H. Chapin 
 & Co. 
 
 Frederick Baare. Plain and Fancy Silks, Ribbons. Factory, Pater¬ 
 son ; salesroom, 21 Mercer Street, New York. G. W. Geer, 
 Agent. 
 
 P. & I. Bannigan. Tram, Organzine, Fringe, and Fancy Silks. 
 Mills, Paterson ; salesroom, 123 Mercer Street, New York. 
 
 Barnes & Co. Tram, Organzine, and Braids. Mill, “ Beaver Mill,” 
 Paterson. 
 
 Boonton Silk Factory. J. A. Van Orden, President; S. L. Garrison, 
 Secretary ; James Stansfield, Manager. Piece Goods. Boonton. 
 
 J. IL Booth & Co. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silks. Mills, cor. 
 Market and Spruce Streets, Paterson. 
 
 C. Chaffonjon. Broad Silks, Serges, Satin de Chene, &c. Mills, 
 Hudson City, “ Favorite Silk Manufactory.” 
 
 Dale Manufacturing Co. Thomas N. Dale, President; C. H. Kim¬ 
 ball, Treasurer. Stokes, Caldwell, & Co., Agents. Tram, Organ¬ 
 zine, Sewing Silk, and Twist, Scarfs, Tie Silks, Cords, and all classes 
 of Silk Braids and Bindings, Mills, Paterson; salesroom, 70 
 Franklin Street, New York. 
 
 Joseph Day. Ribbons. Factory and salesroom, Paterson. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 57 
 
 Day Manufacturing Co. A. A. Hopper, President; Edward Arnold, 
 Treasurer; Arnold & Panning, Agents. Dress and Fancy Silks, 
 &c. Mills, Paterson; salesroom, 56 Lispenard Street, New York. 
 
 Dexter, Lambert, & Co. Twill Silks, Tie Silks, Ribbons, and Ladies’ 
 Dress Trimmings. Mills, Paterson. Agents, C. A. Auffmordt & 
 Co., 10 to 14 Greene Street, New York. 
 
 Polydor Dorgeval & Co. Dyers in the Piece, and Finishers. 59 Bridge 
 Street, Paterson. 
 
 John Dqnlop. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Paterson, “Union Silk 
 Works salesroom, 51 Leonard Street, New York. 
 
 W. R. Edwards. Handkerchiefs, Fancy Silks, &c. Factory and sales¬ 
 room, Paterson. 
 
 Excelsior Manufacturing Co. John D. Cutter. Sewing Silk, Twist, 
 and Fish Lines. Factory, Grant Locomotive Works, Paterson ; sales¬ 
 room, 92 Church Street, New York. 
 
 Joseph Fletcher. Twills, &c. Factory and salesroom, 109 Tyler 
 Street, Paterson. 
 
 H. II. Freeman & Co. Piece Silks and Sewing Silks. Mills, Pater¬ 
 son; salesroom, 103 Franklin Street, New York. 
 
 Giametti & Co. Throwsters. Factory and salesroom, Haledon. 
 
 Givernaud Bros. Gum Silks, Dress and Fancy Silks. Factory and 
 salesroom, Hoboken ; office, 48 Howard Street, New York. 
 
 F. Grassan. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, Wash¬ 
 ington Street, Hoboken. 
 
 Grimshaw Bros. Twills, &c. Mills, cor. Market and Spruce Streets, 
 Paterson. 
 
 Hamil & Booth*. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silks, Ribbons, Fancy 
 Silks, &c. Mills, Paterson, “Passaic Silk Works” and “Hamil” 
 Mill; salesroom, 461 Broome Street, New York. 
 
 J. P. Hulser & Co. Fancy Silks. Factory, Paterson; salesroom, 324 
 West 37th Street, New York. 
 
 Manhattan Loom Company. John Burns & Co. Ribbons, Silks, &c. 
 Mills, Paterson; salesroom, 491 Broadway, New York. 
 
 J. P. McKay. Dress, Plain, and Fancy Silks, Scarfs, &c. Mills and 
 salesroom, Paterson. 
 
 Caspar Meisch. Hat Bindings. Factory and salesroom, Paterson. 
 
 S. M. Meyenberg. Ribbons, Veils, Ties, &c. Factory, Paterson; 
 salesroom, 40 Lispenard Street, New York. 
 
 Morlot, Stettheimer & Co. Silk Dyers (“ Passaic Silk Dye Works”), 
 and Ribbons. Mills, Paterson; salesroom, 98 Grand Street, New 
 York. Elliott C. Cowdin & Co. 
 
 Pelgram & Meyer. Ribbons, Piece Goods, &c. Mills, Paterson; 
 salesroom, 456 Broome Street, New York. 
 
 8 
 
58 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co. Benjamin B. Tilt, President; W. 
 H. K. Bibby, Secretary. B. B. Tilt & Son, Agents. Silk Piece 
 Goods, Handkerchiefs, Ribbons, &c., Trams, Orgauzines, &c. Mills, 
 Paterson; salesroom, 477 Broome Street, New York, and in Boston 
 and Philadelphia. 
 
 John Ryle & Sons. Tram, Organzine, and Spool Silks, Dress and 
 Fancy Silks, &c. The Murray Mills, Paterson ; salesroom, 87 
 Leonard Street, New York. Ammidown, Lane & Co. 
 
 J. Jackson Scott. Sewing Silk and Twist, and Silk Dyer. Factory 
 and salesroom, Paterson. 
 
 See & Sheehan. Silk Dyers. Dye Works, Paterson ; office, 461 
 Broome Street, New York. 
 
 A. Siedendorf. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, Ho¬ 
 boken. 
 
 Herman Simon. Dress and Fancy Silks. Factory and salesroom, 
 Town of Union. 
 
 Singer Manufacturing Co. Inslee A. Hopper, President, Machine 
 Twist. Mills, Newark; salesrooms, Union Square and 16th Street, 
 New York; 69 Hanover Street, Boston; 13 North Charles Street, 
 Baltimore ; 186 King Street, Charleston, S. C.; 89 Canal Street, New 
 Orleans; 605 North Fourth Street, St. Louis, Mo.; 105 Kearney 
 Street, San Francisco; 111 State Street, Chicago; and in all the 
 principal cities of America and Europe. 
 
 Wright Smith. Millinery Silks. Paterson. 
 
 A. Soleliac & Sons. Ribbons, Plain and Fancy Silks. Factory, Dale 
 Mills, Paterson; salesroom, 90 and 92 Grand Street, New York. 
 Kiefer & Co., Agents. 
 
 Sterett, Ryle & Murphy. Agents, Reuben Ryle & Co. Ribbons. 
 Factory, Paterson. Salesroom, 19 Mercer Street, New York. 
 
 C. Spangenberg. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 Garden Street, Hoboken. 
 
 William Strange & Co. Ribbons, Handkerchiefs, Millinery Silks, &c., 
 Trams, Organzines, &c. Mills, Paterson. Salesroom, Strange & Bro., 
 455 Broome Street, New York. Paris house, E. B. Strange & Bro. 
 
 William Ther & Sons. Elastic Webbing. Factory and salesroom, 
 New Brunswick. 
 
 J. Vacher. Serges, Satins, &c. Factory and salesroom, Haledon. 
 
 Weidmann & Greppo. Silk Dyers. Dye Works, cor. Paterson and 
 Ellison Streets, Paterson. Black Dyeing a specialty. Office, 400 
 Broadway, New York. 
 
 Wortendyke Manufacturing Co. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silks. 
 Mills, Wortendyke ; Salesroom, 52 White Street, New York. Alex¬ 
 ander King & Co. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 59 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 
 Aub, Ilackenburg & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Factory, 244 to 
 248 North Front Street; salesrooms, 20 North 3d Street; 216 Church 
 Street, New York; 20 German Street, Baltimore; 69 West 3d 
 Street, Cincinnati. 
 
 G. F. Bechmann. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 116 North 3d Street. 
 
 Cunningham & Hill. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 204 Church Street. 
 
 M. C. Cuttle. Silk Dyer. Germantown Road above Lehigh Avenue. 
 
 Davenport Bros. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, cor. 
 Mosher and York Streets. 
 
 II. L. Freyer. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory, 25 South 8th 
 Street; salesroom, 727 Jaine Street. 
 
 E. II. Godshalk. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Fringes, Cords, Tassels, 
 &c. Factory and salesroom, cor. 12th and Buttonwood Streets; 
 salesroom in New York, 71 Franklin Street. 
 
 John Goldthorp. Upholstery Trimmings, Cords, Tassels, &c. Factory 
 and salesroom, 1111 Chestnut Street. 
 
 J. C. Graham. Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings of every descrip¬ 
 tion. Factory and salesroom, 525 and 527 Cherry Street. 
 
 S. R. & F. Hansell. Upholstery and Shade Trimmings of every de¬ 
 scription. Factory, 9th Street and Columbia Avenue ; salesroom, 21 
 North 4th Street. 
 
 L. M. Harned & Co. Upholstery Goods, Shade Trimmings, Cords and 
 Tassels. Factory and salesroom, 139 North 6th Street. 
 
 Ilensel, Colladay & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings of every descrip¬ 
 tion. Factory and salesroom, 22 to 24 North 4th Street. 
 
 B. Ilooley & Son. Tram, Organzine, Floss, and Fringe Silks, Sewing 
 Silk, and Twist. “ Keystone Silk Mills; ” salesroom, 226 Market 
 Street. 
 
 William II. Horstmann & Sons. Gum Silks, Ladies’ Dress and Cloak 
 Trimmings of every description, Ribbons, Fringes, Floss, Upholstery 
 Trimmings, Coach and Carriage Laces and Trimmings, Jacquard Weav¬ 
 ing. [Military Equipments, Regalia, Theatrical Goods, Silk Bunting, 
 Sashes, Scarfs, &c. Horstmann Bros. & Allien, 7 Bond Street, New 
 York.] Factory and salesroom, cor. 5th and Cherry Streets, Phil¬ 
 adelphia ; salesroom, 410 Broadway, New York. 
 
00 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 F. S. Hovey. Sewing Silks and Twist. Salesroom, 248 Chestnut 
 Street. 
 
 W. Itschner & Co. Ribbons. Mills, Tioga Station, Germantown; 
 
 salesrooms, 233 Chestnut Street; 462 Broome Street, New York. 
 
 T. Jones & Son. Silk Dyer. Dye Works, 110 and 112 Putnam 
 Street. 
 
 J. & A. Kemper. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 
 33 South 4th Street. 
 
 Rudolph Klauder & Co. Dyer of Silk, Wool, and Worsted. “ Quaker 
 City Dye and Print Works,” cor. Howard and Oxford Streets. 
 
 Henry C. Lees. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 303 
 Chestnut Street. 
 
 M. W. Lipper & Co. Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Trimmings, and Ladies’ 
 Neck-wear. “Keystone Braid Mills;” salesrooms, 144 and 146 
 North 5th Street; 338 Broadway, New York; and 49 Summer 
 Street, Boston. 
 
 Charles Morel & Sons. Silk Dyers. 2219 Richmond Street. 
 
 G. A. Perks & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 
 34 South 2d Street. 
 
 Philadelphia Silk Manufacturing Co. John Carnahan, President; 
 A. M. Sutton, Treasurer and Manager. Gros Grain Ribbons, Belt¬ 
 ings, and Hat Bindings. Factory and salesroom, 60 to 66 Canal 
 Street. 
 
 Joseph Roehm. Dealer in Sewing Silk and Twist. Office, 47 South 
 4th Street. 
 
 Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Co. L. R. Stelle, President ; Richard 
 Rossmassler, Treasurer. Tram, Organzine, and Fringe Silks. Fac¬ 
 tory and salesroom, 319 to 323 Garden Street; and at Sauquoit, near 
 Utica, N. Y. 
 
 SCRANTON, Pa. 
 
 The Scranton Silk Co. Henry A. Atkins, President; Frederick Har- 
 vey, Superintendent; Arnold B. Fenner, Treasurer. Organzine 
 and Tram. Mills, Scranton. Joseph K. Plarvey, Agent. Sales¬ 
 room, 52 White Street, New York. Alexander King & Co., Agents. 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 BALTIMORE. 
 
 M. Hecht & Co. Ladies’ and Gents’ Neck-wear, and Dress Trimmings. 
 
 Factory and salesroom, 43 German Street. 
 
 G. Tallerman & Co. Ladies’ Dress and Cloak Ornam^hts, and Uphol¬ 
 stery Trimmings. 231 Frederick Avenue. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 61 
 
 William P. Towles & Bro. Ribbons, Neckties, Scarfs, Trimmings, 
 Suspenders, &c. 145 Baltimore Street. 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 0. Atwood. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, New Lon¬ 
 don. 
 
 Atwood & Richmond. Machine Twist. Mills and salesroom, Brooklyn. 
 
 Belding Bros. & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Rockville; 
 salesrooms, 510 Broadway, New York ; 56 Summer Street, Boston; 
 56 West 4th Street, Cincinnati; 198 East Madison Street, Chicago; 
 601 North 4th Street, St. Louis; 6th, cor. Arch Street, Philadelphia. 
 L. C. Hall, Jr., & Co., Agents for Philadelphia house. 
 
 J. H. Booth. Coach Laces. New Haven. 
 
 C. L. Bottum & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Willimantic; 
 salesroom, 79 Chambers Street, New York. 
 
 L. D. Brown & Son. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Middletown ; 
 salesroom, 439 Broadway, New York. H. H. Albro, Agent. 
 
 O. S. Chaffee & Son. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesrooms, 
 Mansfield Centre and Willimantic. 
 
 Cheney Bros. Tram, Organzine, and Spun Silk, Sewing Silk and 
 Twist, Dress and Fancy Silks, Sash, Bonnet, and Belt Ribbons, 
 Marcellines, Florentines, Foulards, Pongees, Twills, Handkerchiefs, 
 Flags, &c. Mills, Hartford and South Manchester; salesrooms, 477 
 Broome Street, New York, and 19 Franklin Street, Boston. 
 
 A. A. & H. E. Conant. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, 
 Willimantic. 
 
 Connah & Turner. Tram, Organzine, Sewing Silk, and Twist. Mills, 
 Turnerville; salesroom, 269 Canal Street, New York. 
 
 C. H. Farnham. Dealer in Sewing Silk and Twist. Salesroom, 
 Willimantic. 
 
 Charles R. Garratt. Belt Ribbons, Bonnet Ribbons. Factory, Golden 
 Hill, Bridgeport, Conn.; salesroom, 469 Broadway, New York. 
 Brainerd, Armstrong & Co. 
 
 P. G. & J. S. Hanks. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, 
 Gurleyville. 
 
 J. H. Hayden & Son. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, 
 Windsor Locks. 
 
 M. Heminway & Sons’ Silk Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, 
 Watertown; salesrooms, 78 Reade Street and 99 Church Street, 
 New York. 
 
 Holland Manufacturing Co. Ira Dimock, Manager. Sewing Silk and 
 Twist. Mills, Willimantic; salesroom, 435 Broadway, New York. 
 
62 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 Tobias Kohn. Sewing Silks, Braids, and Trimmings. “Novelty 
 Weaving and Braiding Works,” Hartford; salesrooms, 42 Market 
 Street, Hartford; Arnold & Banning, 56 Lispenard Street, New York; 
 42 Bedford Street, Boston; 30 Bank Street, Philadelphia; 7 Ger¬ 
 man Street, Baltimore ; 163 5th Aveuue, Chicago. 
 
 John N. Leonard. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, 
 Rockville. 
 
 Macfarlane Bros. Sewing Silk, Machine and Button-hole Twist. Mills, 
 Mansfield Centre; salesroom, Macfarlane & Co., 43 Walker Street, 
 New York. 
 
 B. K. Mills & Co. Coach Laces, Fringes, Tassels, &c. Factory and 
 salesroom, 56 and 58 Cannon Street, Bridgeport. 
 
 J. S. Morgan. C. L. Bottum & Co., Agents. Sewing Silk and Twist. 
 
 Mills, South Coventry ; salesroom, 79 Chambers Street, New York. 
 Norfolk Silk Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, Nor¬ 
 folk. Salesroom, 107 8th Avenue, New York. Baldwin, Lovell 
 & Co. 
 
 Oneida Community. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and salesroom, 
 Wallingford; and Oneida, N. Y. 
 
 Charles H. Pardee. Coach Laces. New Haven. 
 
 E. B. Smith. Belding Bros. & Co., Agents. Sewing Silk and Twist. 
 
 Mills, Gurleyville; salesroom, 510 Broadway, New York. 
 
 Uncas Ribbon Co. E. Oldfield, Superintendent; William H. H. K. C. 
 Iliggins, Treasurer. Ribbons. Factory, Preston, near Norwich; 
 salesroom, 107 Grand Street, New York. William H. H. K. C. 
 Higgins. 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 Barr, Rider & Co. Dealers in Sewing Silks. Salesroom, 21 Summer 
 Street, Boston. 
 
 Boston Elastic Fabric Co. Suspender Webs, Garter Webs, Frills, 
 Cords, and Braids. Mills, Chelsea; salesrooms, 175 Devonshire 
 Street, Boston; 102 Chambers Street, New York. 
 
 Burr, Brown & Co. Upholstery Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 85 Devonshire and 289 Washington Streets, Boston. 
 
 Henry Day. Ribbons. Factory and salesroom, 19 Franklin Street, 
 Boston. 
 
 Isaac Farwell, Jr., & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Newton ; 
 salesroom, 32 Avon Street, Boston. 
 
 O. Fiedler & Co. Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Factory and salesroom, 
 36 Winter Street, Boston. 
 
THE SILK MANUFACTURERS OF AMERICA. 
 
 68 
 
 Fiedler, Moeldner, & Co. Dress and Cloak Trimmings. Factory, 473 
 to 477 Tremont Street; salesroom, 36 Winter Street, Boston. 
 
 A. W. French & Co. Dealers in Gum Silks. Salesroom, 28 Winter 
 Street, Boston. 
 
 Glendale Manufacturing Co. Stoddard, Lovering & Co., Agents. 
 Rubber Elastics, Bands, &c. Mills, Easthampton; salesroom, 121 
 Duane Street, New York. 
 
 G. II. Mansfield & Co. Fish Lines. Factory and salesroom, Canton. 
 V. J. Messinger & Co. Dealers in Sewing Silk and Twist, and all 
 
 kinds of Twisted Silk. Salesroom, 23 Dock Square, Boston. 
 Milliken Bros. Dealers in Sewing Silk and Twist, Ribbons, and La¬ 
 dies’ Dress Trimmings. 56 Summer Street, Boston. 
 
 Nonotuck Silk Co. Ira Dimock, President; A. T. Lilly, Treasurer. 
 Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Florence and Leeds ; salesrooms, 2 
 Bedford Street, Boston ; 147 State Street, Chicago ; 88 West 3d 
 Street, Cincinnati; 66 and 68 Thomas Street, New York. E. W. 
 Eaton, Agent. 
 
 Saunders Silk Co. E. Saunders, President; R. Gardner, Treasurer. 
 Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Pittsfield, Mass. ; salesroom, 77 Frank¬ 
 lin Street, New York. 
 
 Seavey, Foster & Bowman. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills, Canton ; 
 salesrooms, 7 Mercer Street, New York; 40 Summer Street, Boston ; 
 6 Washington Street, Chicago ; 323 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 
 William Skinner. Organzine, Sewing Silk and Twist, and Silk Braids. 
 “ Unquomonk Silk Mills,” Holyoke, Mass.; salesroom, 327 Broad¬ 
 way, New York. J. R. Peck, Manager, New York. 
 
 Streeter, Merrick & Co. Machine Twist. Mills and salesroom, Shel¬ 
 burne Falls. 
 
 L. D. Suydam. Dealer in Sewing Silks. Salesroom, 8 Hamilton 
 Place, Boston. 
 
 Warner & Lathrop. Sewing Silk, Machine Twist, Tailors’ Twist, &c. 
 Mills and salesroom, Northampton. 
 
 H. L. Whitney. Dealer in Sewing Silks. Salesroom, Boston. 
 
 Thomas Wilkins & Co. Dealers in Sewing Silks. Salesroom, Green 
 
 Street, near Bowdoin, Boston. 
 
 Ziegler & Downs. Sewing Silk and Twist. Factory at Boston High¬ 
 lands ; office, 5 Chauncy Street, Boston. 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 Charles W. Kelsea & Co. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mills and sales¬ 
 room, Antrim. 
 
64 
 
 UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY. 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 J. F. Stearns. Sewing Silk and Twist. Mils and salesroom, Brattle- 
 boro’. ' 
 
 KANSAS. 
 
 E de Boissiere. Silkworms’ Eggs, Cocoons, Mulberry Trees, Ribbons, 
 and Ladies’ Dress Trimmings. Mills, Silkville, Williamsburgh, 
 Franklin County. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Schact & Bro. Upholstery Trimmings. Market Street, St. Louis. 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 Ederer & Peters. Upholstery Trimmings. 61 Washington Street, 
 Chicago. 
 
 A. B. Fiedler. Upholstery Trimmings. 56 State Street, Chicago. 
 
 E. A. Jacobs. Upholstery, Dress, and Military Trimmings. 106 to 
 110 South State Street, Chicago. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 F. Brogelmann. Upholstery Trimmings. 204 Vine Street, Cincinnati. 
 John Franz. Fringes, Tassels, Cords, and Gimps. 25 Oregon Street, 
 Cleveland. 
 
 F. Hoffmeister. Fringes, Gimps, Tassels, &c. 152 West 4th Street, 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 Hoffmeister & Deneal. Fringes, Dress Trimmings, &c. Factory and 
 salesroom, 104 5th Street, Cincinnati. 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 T-he California Silk Manufacturing Co. Rodgers, Meyer, & Co. Tram, 
 Organzine, Sewing Silk, and Twist. Mills, South San Francisco. 
 Agents, William McDonald & Co. Salesroom, 13 Post .Street. 
 Joseph Neumann, Silk Culturist of San Francisco, and Manufacturer of 
 Silk Flags, &c. 909^ Market Street. 
 
 Pacific Factory. William Englander. Silk Fringes and Gimps. 
 
 Factory and salesroom, 751 Market Street, San Francisco. 
 
 Union Pacific Silk Manufacturing Co. George C. Bode, President. 
 Ribbons. Mills, San Francisco. 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Page 
 
 Adams, R. H.56 
 
 Adams, William.22, 46 
 
 Albro, H. II.61 
 
 Allen, Franklin.44 
 
 American Institute . 18, 23, 37, 38, 40 
 American Philosophical Society . 11 
 
 Ammidown, Lane & Co.58 
 
 Arnold, Edward.57 
 
 Arnold & Banning ... 52, 57, 62 
 
 Atkins, James Di ...... 16 
 
 Atkins, Henry A.60 
 
 Atlantic Silk Co. . . , . . 15, 17 
 
 Atwood, John E.29 
 
 Atwood, 0.61 
 
 Atwood, Wm.6, 24 
 
 Atwood & Crane.24, 46 
 
 Atwood & Richmond .... 36, 61 
 
 Aub & Hackenburg.31 
 
 Aub, Hackenburg & Co. . 31, 32,41,59 
 
 Auer, C. B., & Co.56 
 
 Auffmordt, C. A., & Co. . . . 51, 57 
 
 Baare, Frederick . . . .27, 37,56 
 Baare Silk Manufacturing Co. . . 27 
 
 Bache & Bidmead.52 
 
 Baldwin, Lovell & Co.62 
 
 Bannigan, P. & 1.56 
 
 Barber, History of Connecticut . . 5, 9 
 
 Barbour, I. R.21, 24 
 
 Barnes & Co.•. , . 56 
 
 Barr, Rider & Co. 62 
 
 Beaver Mill.56 
 
 Bechmann, G. F.59 
 
 Begoden, A.51 
 
 Belding Brothers.31 
 
 Belding Brothers & Co. . 31, 32, 41, 
 
 61, 62 
 
 Belding, Milo M.44 
 
 Benkard & Hutton.36, 47 
 
 Benson, George W.46 
 
 Bernstein & Mack.52 
 
 Bertschy, Sami., & Co.. . . . 29, 52 
 Bibby, W. H. K. ...... 58 
 
 Bingham, Jesse.6 
 
 Blake, C. F.52 
 
 Blau, William.. . 52 
 
 Bloom, L.55 
 
 Blydenburgli, Jesse S.51 
 
 Bode, C. Geo.39, 64 
 
 Boissibre, de, E.36, 64 
 
 Page 
 
 Boonton Silk Factory.56 
 
 Booth, J. H.61 
 
 Booth, J. H. & Co.33, 56 
 
 Boston & Schmid.52 
 
 Boston Elastic Fabric Co. ... 62 
 
 Bottum, C. L. 29, 30, 34 
 
 Bottum, C. L., & Co. . . .30, 61, 62 
 
 Brainerd, Armstrong & Co. . 40, 52, 61 
 
 Brogelmann, F.64 
 
 Brown, Mr.7 
 
 Brown, Edward G.52 
 
 Brown, H. L.26 
 
 Brown, L. D.26 
 
 Brown, L. D., & Son . . . . 26, 61 
 
 Burlingham, S. L.35 
 
 Burnaud, M.34 
 
 Burns, John, & Co.57 
 
 Burr, Brown & Co.62 
 
 Burritt, George H.44 
 
 Butler, J. H.14 
 
 California Legislature.34 
 
 California Silk Manuf. Co. . . 38, 04 
 
 Camp, John T., & Co.52 
 
 Carnahan, John.60 
 
 Cary & Co.51 
 
 Caswell, John, & Co..51 
 
 Central Village Silk Co.39 
 
 Chaffee, J. Dwight.14 
 
 Chaffee, O. S.14, 46 
 
 Cliatfee, O. S., & Son . . .14,17,61 
 
 Chaffonjon, C.56 
 
 Cheney, Charles.11, 20 
 
 Cheney, Frank.11, 44 
 
 Cheney, Frank W.44 
 
 Cheney, John.H 
 
 Cheney, Ralph.9, 11 
 
 Cheney, Rush.H 
 
 Cheney, Ward . . • 11, 17, 37, 43 
 
 Cheney Bros. . 9, 11, 16,17,19, 40,61 
 Cincinnati Exhibition of Industry . 31 
 
 Cobb, Jonathan H. . . 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 
 14, 18 
 
 Cobb, Mrs. J. H.19 
 
 Cobb, Lemuel .13 
 
 Cobb’s Manual.13 
 
 Cohen, B. L.52 
 
 Collett & Hugel.^ 
 
 Colt, Christopher.12 
 
 Colt, Christopher, Jr. . . 10, 13, 24 
 
 9 
 
66 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Colts, Messrs.18 
 
 Conant, Albert A.23 
 
 Conant, A. A. & H. E. . . 23, 26, 61 
 
 Conant & Bottum.29 
 
 Conant, H. E.23 
 
 Conant, John A.34 
 
 Conant, Capt. Joseph . . 6, 17, 23, 29, 
 
 46, 47 
 
 Conant & Co.14 
 
 Conant, J., & Co.47 
 
 Conant Mill.47 
 
 Connah & Turner.61 
 
 Connecticut Silk Manuf. Co. 12,13, 14 
 
 CopCutt, Win. H., & Co.62 
 
 Cornell, E.24 
 
 Cowdin, Elliott C., & Co.57 
 
 Crane, Charles P.15 
 
 Cunningham & Hill ...... 59 
 
 Cutler, Dr. Smith.24 
 
 Cutter, John D.35, 57 
 
 Cuttle, M. C.59 
 
 Dale Manufacturing Co. . 33, 34, 56 
 
 Dale Mills. 33, 36, 58 
 
 Dale, Thomas .12, 13, 24 
 
 Dale, Thomas N. 37, 44, 56 
 
 Dalton, James.52 
 
 Danforth, J. ..24 
 
 Danforth Machine Co.36, 47 
 
 Davenport Brothers.59 
 
 Day, Henry.62 
 
 Day, Joseph.56 
 
 Day Manufacturing Co.57 
 
 De Boissiere, E.36, 64 
 
 Deppeler & Kammerer. . . 28, 29, 52 
 
 Dexter, Lambert & Co. 14, 21, 28, 57 
 
 D’Homergue, J. 9 
 
 Dietzel, George.52 
 
 Dimock, Ira ... 15, 34, 44, 61, 63 
 
 Dimock, Shubael.8 
 
 Dorgeval, Polydor, & Co. ... 57 
 
 Dreisacker, F., & Co.53 
 
 Dreyfuss, Julius.53 
 
 Dunlop, John .35, 57 
 
 Dunlop & Malcolm.35 
 
 Duponceau, P. S.7, 11 
 
 Eaton, E. W.63 
 
 Ederer & Peters.64 
 
 Edwards, W. R. . ..57 
 
 Ellison, Adolph S.53 
 
 Englander, William.64 
 
 Excelsior Manufacturing Co. . 35,57 
 
 Exchange Bank.12 
 
 Fisk, Wm. A.6 
 
 Fletcher, Joseph.67 
 
 Flues, Spielmann & Wolff ... 27 
 
 Fogg, H., & Co.51 
 
 Foster, Charles.18 
 
 Fox, John, Sen.24 
 
 Franke, Louis .... 32, 33, 44, 53 
 
 Franke & Rost.32 
 
 Frankenheimer & Co.53 
 
 Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, 27, 
 
 31, 40 
 
 Franz, John.64 
 
 Freeman, H. H., & Co.57 
 
 French, A. W., & Co.63 
 
 Freyer, H. L.59 
 
 Funke, Hugo.39, 53 
 
 Gardner, R.63 
 
 Gardner & Mitchell.15 
 
 Garratt, Charles R.61 
 
 Garrison, S. L.56 
 
 Gay & Bottum.12 
 
 Geer, G. W.56 
 
 German Braid Co.53 
 
 Giametti & Co. ....... 57 
 
 Gibbes, A. II.51 
 
 Gilbert, John.5 
 
 Gill, John W.24 
 
 Gimpel, Henry, & Co.53 
 
 Givernaud, P. G. ..36 
 
 Givernaud Brothers . . . . 36, 57 
 
 Glendale Manufacturing Co. ... 63 
 
 Gminder, Frederick, & Co. ... 53 
 
 Godshalk, E. H.59 
 
 Golding, Edmund.7, 13 
 
 Golding, John .13, 18 
 
 Goldthorp, John.69 
 
 Goodridge, Ezra R., & Co. ... 9 
 
 Goodridge, Frank.9 
 
 Goodridge, Samuel W. ... 8, 9 
 
 Goodridge & Walker.9 
 
 Gossler & Co.51 
 
 Graham, J. C. 25, 26, 59 
 
 Grant, D. Beach.35 
 
 Grant Locomotive Works . . 35, 57 
 
 Grassan, F..57 
 
 Greenbaum, Louis.53 
 
 Greppo, C. 33, 34, 37, 44 
 
 Grimshaw Brothers.57 
 
 Gurney & Co.25 
 
 Hadden & Co.61 
 
 Hagan, P. . 53 
 
 Haiges, M.63 
 
 Hall, L. C., Jr., & Co.61 
 
 Hamil & Booth.28, 57 
 
 Hamil Mill.28, 57 
 
 Hamil, Robert .37 
 
 Hammond, G. A.30 
 
 Hanks, George R.6, 17, 28 
 
 Hanks, Horatio.5 
 
 Hanks, Rodney.5 
 
 Hanks, P. G. & J. S .28, 61 
 
 Famham, C. H.61 
 
 Farwell, Isaac, Jr., & Co.62 
 
 Favorite Silk Manufactory ... 56 
 
 Fenner, Arnold B.60 
 
 Fiedler, A. B.64 
 
 Fiedler, Moeldner & Co.63 
 
 Fiedler, O., & Co.62 
 
 Fisher & Taff.53 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 67 
 
 Hanks’s Mill.28 
 
 Hansel!, S. It. & F.59 
 
 Harned, L. M., & Co.59 
 
 Hartford County Agricultural Fair, 18 
 
 llartwig, Henry, & Co.53 
 
 Harvey, Frederick.60 
 
 Harvey, Joseph K .60 
 
 Haskell & Hayden.15 
 
 Haubner, Frederick, & Co. ... 53 
 
 Hayden, J. H . 12, 16 
 
 Hayden, J. H., & Son .61 
 
 Hayes, Thomas F .53 
 
 Haynes, William A .24 
 
 Haywood, George M. 22, 51 
 
 Haywood, G. M., & Co .22 
 
 Haywood, Isaac .22 
 
 Heoht, M., & Co .38, 60 
 
 Jleidenreick, James. 53 
 
 Heinemann, Hlrsch . 21 
 
 Heinemann, Jacob .22, 53 
 
 Heinemann & Casey. 51 
 
 Heinemann & Silbermann ... 21 
 
 1 lelmke & Co .53 
 
 Ileminway, M. 25 
 
 Heminway, M. & Sons’ Silk Co. 25, 61 
 
 Hensel, H. W.26 
 
 Hensel, Colladay & Co. ... 26, 59 
 
 Hensel, Wolff & Co . 26 
 
 Hewlett & Torrance.51 
 
 Higgins, W. H. H. K. C. . . 38, 53, 62 
 
 Hill, S. L.46 
 
 Hilton, Isaac .53 
 
 Hinckley, S. L.46 
 
 Hobley Brothers .53 
 
 Hoeekly, Mr. 5, 6 
 
 Hoffman, F . 54 
 
 Hoffmeister, F.64 
 
 Hoffineister & Deneal.64 
 
 Holland, Goodrich.29 
 
 Holland, Harrison.5 
 
 Holland, Dr. J. G.34 
 
 Holland, J. Harvey.29, 47 
 
 Holland, J. H., & Co. . . 29, 30, 34 
 
 Holland, J. II. & G. 34 
 
 Holland Manufacturing Co. . . 34, 61 
 
 Ilooley, B.18 
 
 Hooley, B., & Son.18, 59 
 
 Hopper, A. A. 57 
 
 Hopper, Inslee A. . . . 31, 44, 58 
 
 Horstmann, F. 0.44 
 
 Horstmann, Sigmund H.5 
 
 llorstmann, Wm. H. 6, 6 
 
 Horstmann, Wm. J. ... 5, 37, 38 
 Horstmann Bros. & Allien . . 54, 59 
 
 Horstmann, Wm. H., & Sons 5, 6, 26, 
 
 27, 28, 59 
 
 Hovey, F. S .23, 60 
 
 llovey, Storrs .6 
 
 Howard, George .54 
 
 Hulser, J. P., & Co .57 
 
 Itschner, Werner, & Co. . . .33, 60 
 
 Jackson, C. W., & Co. . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Jacobs, E. A. 
 
 . ... 64 
 
 Jennings, A..G. . . . 
 
 38, 40, 44, 54 
 
 Johnson, Nathan H. . . 
 
 . ... 52 
 
 Johnson, Rowland . . 
 
 
 Jones, Isaac E. 
 
 , ... 24 
 
 Jones, T., & Son ... 
 
 . ... 60 
 
 Jones, Wm. H. . . . 
 
 . . . 17, 18 
 
 Kant merer, L. 
 
 , ... 37 
 
 Kelsea, Charles W., & Co. 
 
 ... 63 
 
 
 . ... 60 
 
 Kern & Franke . . . . 
 
 , ... 32 
 
 Keystone Braid Mills . 
 
 . ... 60 
 
 Keystone Silk Mills . . 
 
 . . . 18, 5t) 
 
 Kiefer & Co. . . ! . 
 
 
 Kimball, C. H. ... 
 
 . ... 56 
 
 
 
 King, Alexander, & Co. 
 
 . 54, 58, 60 
 
 Klauder, Rudolph . . 
 
 
 Klauder, Rudolph, & Co. . 
 
 , ... 60 
 
 
 
 Kohn, Tobias .... 
 
 . . .25, 62 
 
 Kormann & Stepath . . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Krumsick, Rudolph 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Laboyteaux, P. J. . . 
 
 . ... 21 
 
 Lambert, C. 
 
 . . .28, 44 
 
 Lathrop, J. S. . . . 
 
 . ... 47 
 
 Lees, Henry C. . . . 
 
 . ... 60 
 
 Leigh, Lewis .... 
 
 . ... 16 
 
 
 
 Leonard, John N. . . 
 
 . ... 62 
 
 Leschhorn, F., & Co. . . 
 
 , ... 54 
 
 Levy, Robert, & Co. 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Lilly, Alfred . . . . 
 
 . . . . 6, 8 
 
 Lilly, A. T. 
 
 . . 7, 15, 63 
 
 Lincoln, Governor . . 
 
 . . . 10, 11 
 
 Lindley, W. W. B. . . 
 
 . ... 15 
 
 Lipper, M. W., & Co. . 
 
 . . . . 60 
 
 Lovett, James . . . 
 
 22 
 
 Lovett, James, & Sons 
 
 
 Lovett’s Sons, J. . . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Low, A. A. 
 
 . . . . 8 
 
 Low, Seth. 
 
 . ... 44 
 
 Low, A. A., & Brothers 
 
 . ... 51 
 
 Macfarlane, Wm. . . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Macfarlane Brothers 
 
 . 2C, 54, 62 
 
 Macfarlane & Co. . . 
 
 . . . 54, 62 
 
 Maidhof, Col. J. . . . 
 
 . . . 25, 37 
 
 Maidhof, J., & Co. . . 
 
 . . . 25,54 
 
 Manhattan Loom Co. . 
 
 . ... 57 
 
 Mansfield. G. H., & Co. 
 
 . ... 63 
 
 Mansfield Silk Co. . . 
 
 . . 6, 12, 13 
 
 Marr, John. 
 
 . . . 31,54 
 
 Martin, Charles N. . . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 Massachusetts State Treasurer . . 21 
 
 Maynard, A., & Co. . . 
 
 . ... 54 
 
 McDonald, Wm., & Co. 
 
 . ... 64 
 
 McKay, J. P. 
 
 
 McKay, Samuel M. . . 
 
 . ... 24 
 
 McLure, S. 
 
 
68 
 
 INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 McRae. John.9 
 
 McRae, Thomas C., & Co. ... 9 
 
 Meeker & Maidhof . '. . • • . 25 
 
 Meigs, Henry.24 
 
 Meisch, Caspar.67 
 
 Messinger, V. A.1$ 
 
 Messinger & Bro. . . - . 15, 18, 19 
 
 Messinger, V. J., & Co.63 
 
 Meyenberg, S. M.. 35, 57 
 
 Meyenberg, Prall & Co.35 
 
 Meyer, L. t & Co.54 
 
 Millikeu Brothers.63 
 
 Mills, B. K., & Co.62 
 
 Hilton, Wm. F., & Co. ..... 51 
 
 Mitchell, Aaron.9, 15 
 
 Mitchell Silk Factory.15 
 
 Moll, A.54 
 
 Monumental Silk Manufacturing Co. 30 
 Monumental Silk Works ... .30 
 
 Moore, E. P., & Co..47 
 
 Morel, Charles, & Sons .... 60 
 Morewood & Co. ....... 51 
 
 Morgan, J. S.62 
 
 Morlot, Stettheimer & Co. ... 57 
 
 Morris, Edmund.7, 19 
 
 Moulton, George S., & Co. ... 55 
 Mount Nebo Silk Mills . . . . 11 
 
 Muller, Ernst. 55 
 
 Murray, G. W.18, 22 
 
 Murray & Ryle . . . . . . 22, 23 
 
 Murray Mills.23, 58 
 
 Nashville Silk Manufacturing Co. . 24 
 
 National Association of Silk Manu¬ 
 facturers .37 
 
 Nawl, J.55 
 
 Nepperhan Silk Works .... 54 
 
 Neumann, Joseph.40, 64 
 
 Neustaedter, Wm.. . 55 
 
 New, Jacob.55 
 
 New England Silk Co.9, 14 
 
 New England Silk Convention . . 20 
 
 New York and Northampton Silk 
 
 Co.14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 46 
 
 New York Silk Manufacturing Co. 65 
 Nonotuck Silk Co. . 15, 16, 40, 46, 63 
 
 Nonotuck Steam Mill.46 
 
 Nordheim & Harris ...... 55 
 
 Norfolk Silk Co.62 
 
 Northampton Association of Educa¬ 
 tion and Industry . , . . 22, 46 
 
 Norwich Loom Co.38 
 
 Nottingham Lace Works . . .38, 64 
 
 Novelty Weaving and Braiding 
 
 O’Brien, Maurice.65 
 
 O’Donoghue, D.44 
 
 O’Donoghue, D , & Co.61 
 
 Oelrichs & Co.51 
 
 Oldfield, E.38, 62 
 
 Oldham Mills.56 
 
 Olyphant & Co., of China .... 51 
 
 O’Neal, Mr.. . 34 
 
 Oneida Community . . 35, 40, 55, 62 
 
 Opper, Morris ..55 
 
 Pacific Factory.64 
 
 Paisley Silk and Twist Co. . . . 14 
 
 Pardee, Charles H.62 
 
 Passaic Silk Dye Works .... 57 
 
 Passaic Silk Works.28, 57 
 
 Paterson Silk Factory.23 
 
 Peck, J. R.63 
 
 Pelgram & Meyer.39, 57 
 
 Perks, G. A., & Co.60 
 
 Philadelphia Silk Manufacturing Co. 60 
 
 Phillips, A. L., & Co.55 
 
 Phillips, J. C., & Co.51 
 
 Phoenix Silk Manufacturing Co. . 14, 
 40, 58 
 
 Pick, S.55 
 
 Pitkin, Horace.24 
 
 Poughkeepsie Silk Co.]7 
 
 Prime, Ward & King.22 
 
 Quaker City Dye and Print Works, 33, 
 
 Reitmeyer & Dusenberry .... 55 
 Renard, Villette & Bunaud ... 34 
 
 Richardson, B.37, 44 
 
 Richardson, B., & Son.52 
 
 Rixford, Nathan.8, 9, 15 
 
 Rixford & Dimock.17, 23 
 
 Rodgers, Meyer & Co..64 
 
 Roehm, Joseph.60 
 
 Roemer & Co..55 
 
 Rossmassler, Richard . . .29, 55, 60 
 
 Royce, James.25, 26 
 
 Ryle, John.18, 22, 23 
 
 Ryle, John C.37 
 
 Ryle, Reuben.22 
 
 Ryle, William. 22, 44, 51 
 
 Ryle, John, & Sons.22, 58 
 
 Ryle, Reuben, & Co.55, 58 
 
 Salter, Benjamin 35, 37 
 
 Saunders, E.63 
 
 Saunders Silk Co.63 
 
 Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Co. 29, 
 55, 60 
 
 Schact & Brother.64 
 
 Schmidt, C. A.55 
 
 Scott, J. Jackson.58 
 
 Scranton Silk Co.39, 60 
 
 Seavey, J. W. C. 18, 44 
 
 Seavey, J. W. C., & Co.32 
 
 Seavey, Foster & Bowman 10, 18, 19, 
 32 63 
 
 See & Sheehan.58 
 
 Shaker Establishment at Economy 20 
 
 Shapter, James S.37 
 
 Siedendorf, A.58 
 
 Silbermann, Jacob . . . .21,22,37 
 
INDEX OF NAMES. 
 
 G9 
 
 Silbermann, J., & Co .55 
 
 Silbermann, Heinemann & Co. . . 21 
 
 Silk Association of America . . 11, 12, 
 
 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45 
 Silk Industry Association of Pater¬ 
 son, N. J.37 
 
 Silk Manufacturers’ Bank ... 12 
 
 Silk Manufacturing Co. of College 
 
 Point.39 
 
 Simon, Herman.47, 58 
 
 Simon, Robert.47 
 
 Singer Manufacturing Co. . 31, 40, 58 
 
 Skinner, George B. 28, 37, 44 
 
 Skinner, George B., & Co. ... 66 
 Skinner, William 16, 17, 25, 44, 47, 63 
 
 Smith, Alexander.24 
 
 Smith, Benjamin D.51 
 
 Smith, E. B.25, 62 
 
 Smith, Gideon B.7, 9 
 
 Smith, L. Bayard.44 
 
 Smith, Win. H., & Son .... 61 
 
 Smith, Wright.68 
 
 Snow, Eliphalet.8 
 
 Soleliac, A. 44 
 
 Soleliac, A., & Sons.36, 58 
 
 Spangenberg, C.58 
 
 Stansfield, James.66 
 
 Stearns, J. F.64 
 
 Stearns, John N. 33, 44, 47 
 
 Stearns, John N., & Co. . . 33, 40, 56 
 
 Stebbins, Dr. Daniel.24 
 
 Steinhardt, R.56 
 
 Stelle, L. R. 29, 37, 55, 60 
 
 Stelle, L. R., & Sons.29 
 
 Stelle & Walthall.29 
 
 Sterrett, Ryle & Murphy . . .55, 58 
 
 Stetson, James A.24 
 
 Stewart, J. D.39 
 
 Stoddard, Lovering & Co. ... 63 
 
 Stokes, Caldwell & Co.56 
 
 Storrs, Z., & Son .» . 23 
 
 Strange, A. B.44 
 
 Strange, William.37, 44 
 
 Strange, William, & Co. . . .31, 58 
 
 Strange & Brother.31, 58 
 
 Strange, E. B., & Brother, of Paris, 58 
 Streeter, Merrick & Co. ... 38, 63 
 
 Streeter & Wood .38 
 
 Struss, H. W.33 
 
 Sutro, L.66 
 
 Sutton, A. M.60 
 
 Suydam, L. D.63 
 
 Swift, Dwight.46, 47 
 
 Swire brothers.51 
 
 Taller man, Godfrey.30, 38 
 
 Tallerman, G., & Co ..38 
 
 Tallerman & Co.60 
 
 Tallerman, Hecht & Co. . . .31, 38 
 Talmadge, Gen. James .... 24 
 
 Ther, William, & Sons.58 
 
 Thompson, Mr.21 
 
 Tilt, Albert.37 
 
 Tilt, Benjamin B.14, 58 
 
 Tilt, B. B., & Co.14 
 
 Tilt, B. B., & Son.14, 58 
 
 Tilt & Dexter.14, 28 
 
 “ Titcomb, Timothy ”.34 
 
 Towles, Brothers & Co .30 
 
 Towles, Tallerman & Co. ... 30 
 
 Towles, Wm. P.30 
 
 Towles, Wm. P., & Brother ... 61 
 
 Uncas Ribbon Co. ... 38, 53, 62 
 
 Union Pacific Silk Manuf. Co. . 39, 64 
 Unquomonk Silk Mills . . .25, 63 
 
 Vacher, J.58 
 
 Vallentine, Edward.16, 17 
 
 Vallentine Silk Co.17 
 
 Van Orden, J. A.56 
 
 Van Winkle, Mr.47 
 
 Vogel, Hagedorn & Co.51 
 
 Waite, Hon. M. R.41 
 
 Walker, John T.8, 44, 51 
 
 Wardleton, Joseph.39 
 
 Warner, Joseph.47 
 
 Warner, Holland & Co.47 
 
 Warner & Lathrop . . 17, 46, 47, 63 
 
 Warner & Suydam.47 
 
 Weed, Joseph H.8 
 
 Weidmann, J.34 
 
 Weidmann & Greppo . . 33, 34, 58 
 
 Weinberg, R.56 
 
 Weiss, William.56 
 
 Werner & Maidhof.25 
 
 Wetmore, Cryder & Co.51 
 
 Whitmarsh, Samuel . . 8, 14, 15, 46 
 
 Whitney, H. L.63 
 
 Wilkins, Thomas, & Co.63 
 
 William Atwood Mill.26 
 
 Williams, Wm. E.26 
 
 Williams, P. H. & W.56 
 
 Williams Silk Manufacturing Co. . 29 
 
 Williams Silk Mill.23 
 
 Wolff, Fredk. W.27 
 
 Wolfsohn, Meyenberg & Co. . . 35 
 Wood, Payson & Colgate .... 51 
 Wortendyke Manufacturing Co. . 58 
 
 Young, Dr. Edward . . . • 30, 42 
 
 Ziegler & Downs.63