MASTER NEGATIVE NO. 92-80603 MICROFILMED 1992 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Pro ject ^^ Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material... Columbia University Library resen/es the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright law. AUTHOR: RAMAGE, CRAUFURD TAIT TITLE: BEAUTIFUL THOUGHTS FROM LATIN AUTHORS PLACE LIVERPOOL DA TE . 1864 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT BIBLIOGRAPHir MICR n FORM TAT? hft °"^^"'^ Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Rel^ ■ '<■'»; i j i^i f ^ u »'f ">" f l jn i y» m i f II «»« RU Restrictions on Use: Ramage, Crauf urd Tait, 1803-1878, cw^ subjects aualyticallv- ana S'd I^l C ^S't ''I^p^ °^ age ... Liverpool, E. Howell, 186? "'^ ^^'^ ^^'"- xi p., 2 I., 567 p. 17™. Title-pago ninsing. 1- Quotations, Latin. i. Title. Library of CoiiRrcss PNCO80.R35 186^ ia24cli U—.? 1,592 Master Negative # TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE: 3S -»^ IMAGE PLACEMENTriA"3!A7"lB IIR ^^^UCTION RATIO: DATE FILMED:___.^,i3^^/ ™ imtttatc c ZJ ^^^^^ ^^= SS^^AS^HPUBUCATO^^^ ^-^ V BIBLIOGRAPHIC IRREGULARITIES MAIN J I ENTRY! Kqv^^'^Vj CMCt^fo^d Tai f * Bibliographic Irregularities in the Orig iiiaJ Docuiiient List volumes and pages affected; include name ot institution if filming borrowed text. Page(s) missing/ not available: yolumes(s) missing/not available:. Illegible and/ or damaged page(s):. Page(s) or volumes(s) misnumbered: Bound out of sequence: Page(s) or illustration(s) filmed from copy borruvvt d from: At^bamcx. >:^- I '^is»sms:-ii : '"w'.n ^"^T jiiMiliMBiiiiillMWiMiiriliiiiiiii i ■ jt— an j,ifatf -J' -aiit^- •'—■■- '---^ '-I I n"ii« ill iiiitAli??Miifi*? IIV IIAI.I.ANTYNK ANI» C'>MIANY, 1'al'l's work. ii I n-JtaSeSiiawgfediLii S' / TO MORRIS CHARLES JONES, Esq. OP GUNGROG AS A MARK OF ESTEEM AND AFFECTION T»-»»- IV PREFACE. Few of the ways that conduct to virtue are more lull of pleasantness and peace than that which leads us to warm our hearts by putting them in close contact with noble natures. " I am not the rose," says the Eastern apologue ; "but I live with the rose, and so I have become sweet " It was a strong conviction of the truth of this apophthegm that induced the Editor to spend many of the leisure hours of a busy life in bringing toget.or the beautiful thoughts of ancient writers ; and he now pre- sents them to the public in the hope that many, who liave little time to devote to the study of the classics, will be glad to renew their acciuaintance with the finer ,- emanations of the Roman masters. Some passages "^worthy of selection doubtless may be found to be ■- excluded, and others admitted which may appear to be oof inferior merit. In such a compilation, however, allowance must be made for differences of taste ; and "Ithe Editor ventures to express a hope that, on the Sfhole, the work will be found useful both to the scholar 'Ind to the general reader. He would also suggest that, ^ the heads of our public schools pursue the very pro- itiiSf. Ajtow,-rtMR.a-;*.v;rfjiW^'ii bStitfkri • • • via PREFACE. \ PREFACE. IX per course of causing their pupil., to commit to passages from flnm»r.t ^, commit to memory useful for that p^ I' ^itf""; "°* "«^ »>« ^"""^ ^ave presented to Zn lolT^T T'""'''' -d of Wiedge, which miitlttT °' *™"' imdle into a bright iJame • and w ""'"^ ""'^'^ -emor,- by exeroL, theynny bl h '"''""""" *^^'^ t'^oughts capable o'f J^Z^J^^^ ^ «*- "^ good account. From th^t, *"■" ^""'"^ *° -ts are embodied L*;:::;rrs:^:'-- '^ large mass of sentenH.1 1 ^d'*"^ has selected h- occupied the mind of ml " r^' ""'■"* "^'^"^ original seeds, from which may still "" '" '"'''"' vest of new thoughts ,, \™"^ '*'" «P"ng „ rfch har- ^-ti^-.. and eir ^■^>' ■;; ^-«- cultivated, ••!»^'trations of DiZf- , ' ""^ '"''•''^•'^ -«! find' voIence,ofpo,itiX™ir^-eelingsofbe„e. of those questio-.^ which ,, r ""' ''"' °' "->' i contention among ma^lind "" *^ '' ■^"^^'-^^ "^ i which several ha^ CtbT f f'^"" ^"°*'^«"-' "^ ^;«n Phrases in alphabet ^ ^"t ""^-'^ "^ reference to the ori.in,l n.„fl, "^ "" P-'ccise ;>>e scholar, desirous^TdW:;^^^^^^^^^^^^ Jar quotation may have been t ken J "r^' f'^^""'" \- Its accuracy or to examinp rt ""'"■ *° verify •--e to sacrifice h^: ^di^ "r"^' ^^«^ tedious and sometimes vain I IfS -:l research. Besides, such Dictionaries are encumbered with Law phrases and Dog Latin. The characteristics of the present work may be shortly stated as the followins: : — 1. It quotes only from certain specified well-known classical authors. 2. Each passage quoted has a distinct reference to the work of the author, the book, ode, play, and, where it was practicable, the line, so that the passage may be found immediately and without difficulty. It is conceived that this will supply a great desideratum in works of a similar class that have been hitherto published. 3. To each passage, with few exceptions, there is appended an English translation by some well- known author ; and when a poet is quoted, there is a poetical translation. The heading to each passage briefly indicates the subject. 4. There is a copious Latin Index ;^ ajid the Editor has attempted to surmount a difficulty which occurs in searching for a passage, the first word of which may not be known, but merely the general idea. The first words of each quotation are given in alphabetical order, but the same passage is also given under what he considers to be the key-word. 5. The Editor has laboured to give a complete and elaborate English Index, and this, he hopes, will be found to be a popular feature of the work. t^Mw^v; PREFACE. PREFACE. I '/ While it gives the subject of each passage, it in- dicates at the same time with great precision the leading idea and drift of each quotation. This, it is conceived, will render the work most valuable, particularly to persons not acquainted with the original of the classics, but "with just enough of learning to misquote." Thus, if such a person, writing upon a particular subject, wanted a classical illustration, a mere Dictionary of Latin Quotations, following the initial letter of the Latin passage, would be of no use, as he might read through most of the volume before lighting upon a quotation to suit his purpose. But the English Index of this work will exactly meet his case, as by means of it he will find, with the greatest ease, a quotation ahnost on every subject ; and not only so, but many ideas that may suit the subject which he is illus- trating. It will also be of great assistance, although in a less degree, to a man who has enjoyed a classical education, but who, in the hurry and bustle of life, has not had time or incHnation to keep up his acquaintance with the classics, which were the dehght and companions of his youth. It will recaU to his recollection the scenes of bygone days ; and, as he saunters through this garden of choicest flowers, he can scarcely faH to gather a bou- quet of those " thoughts that breathe and words that bum." PREFACE. XI To the Editor the compilation of the work has been a labour ot love. He has revelled in the beauties of each author, v,' ilst he w^as culling from each those gems of thought which warm the heart and illumine the un- derstanding. He feels, indeed, that he has only in part done his delightful task ; and, if opportunity offer, and his labours be appreciated, he would gladly return to it, and endeavour to illustrate each subject by parallel passages from Greek authors, which he has already col- lected, and would add from Italian, French, and Spanish, as w^ell as from English classical authors. CRAUFURD TAIT RAMAGE. Wallace Hall, 1st Jan. 1864. INIJMX OF AHT1I0I!S. ; I ! ( . l! 1 i 1 .1 i ; i * t I • » ■ I* »> AuTHOK. Kdituk. Tuansi.ator. Ausonius, . . . Delpliin, Editor CiVHar, .... J'jMOHli, OntulluK, AnoiiyiniMiH Cicoro, Orations, . ErncHii, lOdiior CjitoMiijor, ,, . . I{rydcn Persius, .... Ruperti, (J if ford PLjudrus, Plautus, Plinius Major, Plinius IVIinor, Propertiufl, Quintilianus, SallustiuB, Jausou, . . Tauclmitz, . Sniait Thornton Editor MelnioLli fi'. Editor . Rollin, Outline Editor Seneca, VariouH Autliorw Silius Italicus, Ross Statius, Lewis Tacitus, .... Oberlin, Murpliy Terentius, . . . Delpliin, Colinan ;Tibullu8, i^mt 'Virgilius, Drydeu Proverbial Sayings of Publius Syrus and others, . . . I'aoks 1—2 .{ I I 5 n-74 75 70 ^Hs?^r 77—15(1 ^^^^^H^Sf ^ T'^^. r -^ 157-180 180-204 204 215 ^ 215-227 ^^^^^M{^. 227—233 ^H > ;? _ 2'M~ 235 ^1 2;M>-274 ^B ^ ^ 'M 275-282 ^H ; mi 282-280 H 280-310 H ^^mi 310 B^V^-^^ 310- ;j:^) ^BP^ 330- ;W2 332— .3:j(i 1 11 337—314 ■ ■■'Wk 344-374 ■ S^ 374-378 ■ -•^te .378-382 ■ 382-309 ■ ^fT .300-418 I '§f' 418-423 ■ 'm 424—470 ■ 471-481 ■ ' S'^' ■' rx^^^a^^sj^is BEAUTIFUL THOUGHTS FROM LATIN AUTHORS ^^a^ w» i ^ 't^i^ AUSONIUS C/LSAR Number of Enemies Increased 312, 4. Multis terribilis, caveto multos againX:;;/^^ ^^"^^ ^^ '^^ *« -any, then be' on your guard Preserve Equanimity. 312, 5. Si fortuna juvat, caveto toUi • bi fortuna tonat, caveto mergi If fortune is favourable, be not elated • If fortune thunders, be'not cast down/ Fear Conscience. 315, 1. Turpe quid ausurus, te siue teste time W rXet^* ''^ ^^--^* -^ b- deed, fear yoLlf if you To Fear what iou Cannot Overcome Crux est si metuas, quod vincere metuas It IS annoyn.. to fear what you cannot overcome. • ^^""^^ ^ow^Y Cause op Mischief. Begun Half Done. J . 342,5. C/ESAR Punishment of Wickedness. B. G. i. 14. rnn«;n^sse deos immortales, quo gravius homines ex luSatfone reruin doleant, quos pro scelere eorum 'tervetrt!his secundiores interdum res, et dmtur- tiorem impunitatem concedere. ■ ThP ^ods are accustomed sometimes to grant greater prosperity . ?. longer period of impunity to those whom they wish to punish fte^L^es in orde?that they may feel the heavier affliction Ifrom a change of circumstances. ; Rights of War. B. O. i. 36. Jus esse belli, ut qui vicissent, iis quos vicissent, quem- iulmodum vellent, imperarent. It is the ri-ht of war for conquerors to treat those whom they ^ have conquered according to their pleasure. Wine. B. G. ii. 15. Nihil pati vini, reliquarumque rerum ad luxuriam per- tinentium, inferri, quod his rebus relanguescere animos et remitti virtutem existimarent. Thev allowed no wine or other luxuries to be used, because they bSd they had a tendency to enervate the mind and make men less brave in battle. Gauls. B. G. iii. 8. Sunt Gallorum subita et repentina consilia. The resolutions of the Gauls aie very hasty and sudden. Gaui5. B. G. iii. 10. I Omnes fere G alios novis rebus studere et ad bellum nobiUter celeriterque excitari, omnes autem hommes na- t ,ur^ hbertati studere et conditionem servitutis odisse. All the Gauls are fond of change, and JJ^, T^^ Wv^id"" h^e '^.hile they are at the same time attached to kberty and hate davery. \l SS Brf ii« !>kfc ii A a CATULLUS CICERO } Belief. B. G. iii. 18. Quod fere libenter homines id, quod voliint, credunt. Men willingly believe what they wish. Imitative Character of the Gauls. B. G. vii. 22. atque efficienda, quae ab quoque tradantur, aptissimum Po^rs^to'L\?f.^wl'r'''"lu^*' ingenuity, and possess wonderful powers to imitate whatever they see done by others. Fear. B. G. vii. 26. In summo periculo timor miserioordiam non recipit. Fear turns a deaf ear to every feeling of pity. Trivial Causes in War. B. a i. 21. In bello parvis momentis magni casus intercedunt In war important events are produced by trivial causes. CATULLUS The Grave. iii. 11. Qui nunc it per iter tenebricosum, liluc, unde negant redire quemquam Poor bird who now that darksome bounie Hast pass d, whence none can e'er return. Silly Laughter. xxxix. 16. Risu inepto res ineptior nulla est A silly laugh 's the silHest thing I know. There is a Tide in the Affairs of Men. Ixii. 30. Quid datur a divis felici optatius hor4 ? What can be given by the gods more desirable than a favourable [»pportunity ? Confounding of Right and Wrong. Ixiv. 406. Omnia fanda, nefanda, malo permista furore, Justificam nobis naentem avertere deorum. Quare nee tales dignantur visere coetus, Nee se contingi patiuntur lurnine claro. When vice as virtue was esteem'd by men, Then deities no longer graced this scene ; From earth's vile throng to their own heavens withdrew, And never more appear'd to mortal men. Fickleness of Woman. Ixx. 3. Mulier cupido quod dicit amanti. In vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua. But what, alas! are woman's vows? Fit to be written but on air, Or on the stream that swiftly flows. Difficult to Relinquish a Confirmed Passion. Ixxvi. 13. Difficile est longum subito deponere amorem. At once to quench an ancient flame, I own. Is truly hard; but still no efforts spare. it CICERO Arts. Arch. 1. Omnes arbes, quse ad humanitatem pertinent, iiabent quoddam commune vinculum, et quasi cognatione quadam inter se continent ur. Hafefc-. CICERO CICERO All those arts, which may be used to humanise the race of manj have a certain common bond of union, and are related in affinity to one another. Literature. Arch. 6. An tu existimas aut suppetere nobis posse, quoci] quotidie dicamus in tantii varietate reruni, nisi animos nostros doctrina excolamus, aub ferre animos tantam posse contentionem, nisi eos doctrina eadem relaxemus ? Is it possible that you could suppose, that I should be able ti find materials for my daily speeches in the midst of such a varietj of affairs, unless I improved my mind by literary studies? or that I could bear up against such labours, if I did not relieve it occasiou ally by devoting myself to tlie acquisition of knowledge ? Praise. Arch. 6. Nam, nisi miiltorura prseceptis, multisque litteris raihi ab adolescentia suasissem, nihil esse in vita magnopere expetendum, nisi laudem atque honestatem, in ea autem persequend^ omnes cruciatus corporis, omnia pericula mor- tis atque exsilii, parvi esse ducenda : numquam me pro salute vestra in tot ac tantas dimicationes, atque in hos profligatorum hominum quotidianos impetus objecissem. For, if I had not been thoroughly persuaded from my youth upwards by the precepts of many pliilosophers, and by my owii literary investigations, that there is nothing in this life really worthy of being desu-ed except glory and honour, and that, ini the pursuit of these, even bodily torture, death, and banishment,} are of little accoimt, never would I have rushed in your defenco\ to 80 many and such severe struggles, nor exposed myself to the daily attacks of these abandoned citizens. Natural Disposition. Arch. 7. Etiam illud adjungo, ssepius ad laudem atque virtutcL naturam sine doctrina, quam sine naturS valuisse doctrinan! I add this also, that nature without education has oftener tendeff to glory and virtue, than education without nature. Literature. Arch. 7. Nam ceterse neque temporum sunt, neque setatum omi nium, neque locorum : hsec studia adolescentiam agunt senectutem oblectant, secundas res ornant, adversis per- fusium ac solatium pr^bent, delectant domi, non impedmnt foris pernoctant nobiscum, peregrinantur, rusticantur. But other employments do not harmonise with aU times, ages or nlS4 ltear7sti\dies are suitable for the young, are the delight fte a vere . nam, uiai / 8 CICERO tisset, idem tumulus, qui corpus ejus contexerat, nomen etiam obruisset. How many historians is Alexander the Great said to have had with him to hand down to memory his exploits ? And yet as he stood on the promontory of Sigeum by the tomb of Achil es, he exclaimed " O happy youth; who found a Homer to herald your praise ! And tmly did he say so; for if the Iliad had never existed the STe tomb which covered his body would have concealed his fame for ever. Praise. Arch. 11. Trahimur omnes laudis studio, et optimus quisque maxime gloria ducitur. We are all excited by the love of praise, and it is the noblest spirits that feel it most. Virtue. Arch. 11. NuUam enim virtus aliam mercedem laborum pericu- lorumque desiderat, prseter banc laudis et glorise, qua quidem detracts, judices, quid est, quod in hoc tarn exiguo vitse curriculo, et tarn brevi, tantis nos in laboribus exerceamus? Certe, si nihil animus prsesentiret in pos- terum, et si, quibus regionibus vitse spatium circumscrip- tum est, eisdem omnes cogitationes terminaret suas, uec tantis se laboribus frangeret, neque tot curis vigiliisque angeretur, neque toties de vita ips^ dimicaret. Nunc insidet qusedam in optimo quoque virtus, quse noctes et dies animum glorise stimulis concitat, atque adraonet, non xjum vitae tempore esse dimittendam commemorationem nominis nostri, sed cum omni posteritate sequandam. For virtue wants no other reward for all the labours and dangers she undergoes, except what she derives from praise and glory : if this be denied to her, O judges, what reason is there why we should devote ourselves to such laborious pursuits, when our life is so brief, and its course in so small a compass. Assuredly, if our minds could foresee nothing of the future, and if all our thoughts were to be terminated with our life, there would be no reason why we should weary ourselves out with labours, submit to all the annoyances of cares and anxiety, and fight so often even for our very lives. In the noblest there resides a certain virtuous principle, which day and night stimulates a man to glorious deeds, and warns him that the recollection of our names is not to be terminated by time, but must be made boundless as eternity. CICERO The Populace. Q. Rose. Com. 10. Vukus ex veritate pauca, ex opinione multa «estimat. Guilty Conscience. Sext. Rose. 24. Sua quemque f raus, et suus terror maxime vexat : s^um „orv.nuP scelus agitat, amentiaque afiicit . suae maise ^3 ones conscien^^^^^ animi terrent, h^ sunt impns their parents. An Advantage to Whom ? Sext. Rose. 30. T Oassius ille, quern populus Romanus verissimum et sap^ent"um judicern p^ufabat, identidem m causis qu.- rere solebat, cui bono fuisset. whose advantage the deed was committed. Differences of Powers. Sext. Rose. 38. Non enim possumus omnia per nos agere : alius in ah& est re masiiis utilis. . . ^ For we Cannot do everything by ourselves; different men have different abilities. Friendship. Cn. Plane. 2. Neque est ullum certius amicitiae vinculum, quam con- sensus et societas consiliorum et voluntatum. Nor is there any more certain tie of ^^^^^^^ ^^j''''' "^" are joined and bound together in their plans and desiies. >'.x,'irM!a 10 CICERO CICERO 11 The Populace. Cn. Plane. 4. Non est enim consilium in vulgo, non ratio, non discri- men, non diligentia ; semperque sapientes ea, quae populus fecisset, ferenda, non semper laudanda duxerunt. There is no sagacity, no penetration, no powers of discrimination, no perseverance in the common people: the wise have always re- garded their acts rather as to be endured than to be praised. Ballot. Cn. Plane. G. Etenim si populo grata est tabella, quae frontes aperit hominum, mantes tegit : datque earn libertatem, ut, quod velint, faciant : promittant autem, quod rogentur : cur tu in judicio exprimis, quod non fit in campo ? For if the voting tablet is pleasing to the people, which holds up to view the countenance, while it conceals the intentions, and gives a man liberty to do what he wishes, but to promise what is asked of him; why do you wish that to be used in a court of justice which is not done at the comitia ? Filial Affection. Cn. Plane. 12. Pietas fundamentum est omnium virtutum. The dutifulness of children is the foundation of all the virtues. Slander. Cn. Plane. 23. Nihil est autem tam volucre, quam maledictum ; nihil facilius emittitur ; nihil citius excipitur, nihil latius dis- sipatur. There is nothing which moves so rapidly as calumnv, nothing which is more easy to be given forth ; nothing is received more quickly, nothing scattered abroad more widely. A Candidate. Cn. Plane. 25. Virtus, probitas, integritas in candidate, non linguso vo- lubiiitas, non ars, non scientia requiri solet. ^ Virtue, honesty, uprightness are the qualities that are required in a candidate, not volubility of language, nor knowledge of arts and sciences. Rules for Life. Cn. Plane. 27. Clarorum virorum atque magnorum, non minus otii quam negotii, rationem exstare oportere. The illustrious and noble ought to place before them certain Jes and reflations, not less for their hours of leisure and relaxa- tion than for those of business. Change of Opinions Allowable. Cn. Plane. 39. Ego vero ha3c didici, hsec vidi, hsec scripta legi ; haec de sapientissimis et clarissimis viris et in hac repuW^^^^^ in aliis civitatibus monumenta, nobis liters prodiderunt . non semper easdem sententias ab iisdem, sed, quascumque reipublic^ status, inclinatio temporum, ratio concordise postularet esse defendendas. I have learnt, seen, and read, that tl^%f«"«^^'i^S ^;^^ ^^'J^he principles for the guidance of man :-Ancient records and the SsTf lirerature,'both of this state and f ^tl;-^:,^-^^^^^^^ it down to us as the words of the wise and noble, tl^^t t e same opinions and sentiments are not invariably to be /^^^^f^J^^^; s'ame individuals, but that they ought to adopt those ^J^ich may be reauired by the circumstances of the times, the Posi^^o^ "^ whichTe statue is placed, and according as the peace and agree- ment of parties may require. Virtue. P. Sext. 28. Virtus, quae lucet in tenebris et pulsa loco manet tamen atque hseret in patri^ splendetque per se semper, neque alienis unquam sordibus obsolescit. Virtue wliich has a reflection even in darkness, and though driven from its position, yet remains ^^d clings to country^hin^ at all times of itself, and is never defaced by the disgrace ot others. Hatred. P. Sext. 48. Oderint dum metuant. Let them hate, provided they fear. / 12 CICERO Friends and Enemies. Beiot. 9. Pereant amici dum una inimici intercidant. Let friends perish, provided our enemies are destroyed. The Eesult of a Plan. C, Rabir. Post. 1. Hoc plerumque facimus ut consilia eventis ponderemus et, cui bene quid processerit, multum ilium providisse, cui secus, nihil sensisse dicamus. Men usually judge of the prudence of a plan by the effect, and are very apt to say that the successful man has much forethought, and the unsuccessful shews gi-eat want of it. Liberty. P. S. Bull. ii. 4. Quid tarn populare, quam libertas ? quam non solum ab hominibus, verum etiam a bestiia expeti, atque omnibus rebus anteponi videtis. What is so beneficial to the people as liberty, which we see not only to be greedily sought after by men, but also by beasts, and to be preferred to all things ? Manners. P. S. Hull. ii. 35. Non ingenerantur hominibus mores tam a stirpe generis ac semmis, quam ex iis rebus, quae ab ips^ natur^ loci, et a vitaeconsuetudine suppeditantur, quibus alimur et vivimus. Men's characters and habits are derived not so much from family and blood as from those things which are furnished us by our native land and its customs, by which we are supported, and by which we live. Prosperity. P.JS. Hull. ii. 35. . Singularis homo, pri vatus, nisi magna sapien tid praeditus, vix facile sese regionibus officii, magnis in f ortunis et copiis contmet. ^ An individual in a private station, unless he is endued with great wisdom, cannot confine himself in due bounds if he reaches nigh fortune and wealth. "v^co CiCERO 13 The Soul. a Rabir. 10. Itaque cum multis aliis de causis virorum bonorum mentes divinse mihi atque seternse videntur esse, turn maxime, quod optimi et sapientissimi cuj usque animus ita praesentit in posterum, ut nihil nisi sempiternum spectare vide at ur. Therefore, for many other reasons, the souls of the good appear to me to be divine and everlasting ; but chiefly on this account, because the soul of the best and the wisest has such anticipation of the future, that it seems to regard nothing but what is eternal. Eevenge. Post Red. in Senat. i. 9. Etenim ulciscendae injurise facilior ratio est, quam bene- ficii remunerandi, propterea quod superiorem esse contra improbos, minus est negotii, quam bonis exsequari. The means of avenging an injury is much easier than that of re- quiting a kindness ; on this account, because it is less diflScult to et the better of the bad than to make oneself equal with the good. Chief. Post Red. in Senat. ii. 3. Omnium gentium facile princeps. By far the chief of all nations. Vituperation. Ccel. 3. Maledictio autem nihil habet propositi, praeter contu- meliam : qu8Bsipetulantiusjactatur,convicium; sifacetius, urbanitas nominatur. Scurrility looks to nothing but incivility ; if it is uttered from feelings of petulance, it is mere abuse ; if it is spoken in a joking manner, it may be considered raillery. Imperials. Ccel 14. Aliquis mihi ab inferis excitandus est, ex barbatis illis, non h^c barbula, qu§, ista delectatur ; sed ill4 horrid^, quam in statuis antiquis, et imaginibus videmus. 14 CICERO CICERO 15 Some of those old bearded men must be called up by me from the dead, not with those fashionably cut beards with which she is delighted, but men with those shaggy beards which we see represented in ancient statues and images. How Long? Cat. i. 1. Quousque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra ? quani diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet ? quern ad finem sese efFrenata jactabii audacia? How long, pray, O Catiline, will you abuse our patience ? how long will this mad fury of yours mock us? to what end will this unbridled audacity of yours proceed? The Degeneracy of the Times. Cat. i. 1. tempora, mores! Senatus hsec intelligit, consul videt : hie tamen vivit. Vivit? immo vero etiam in sena- tum venit. Oh ' the degeneracy of the times and its manners ! The senate is aware of these things, the consul sees them, yet this man lives,— lives, do I say?— nay, he comes even into the very senate. Where are We ? Cat. i. 4. dii immortales ! ubinam gentium sumus ? Ye immortal gods, where in the world are we? Truth. C€el. 26. magna vis veritatis, quae contra hominum ingenia, calliditatem, solertiam, contraque fictas omnium insidias, facile per se ipsa defendat. Oh! great is the power of truth, which easily is able to defend itself against the artful proceedings of men, their cunning, and their subtlety, not less than against their treachery. Desire of Pleasure. C€el. 31. Insolentia voluptatum, quae cum inclusse diutius, et prima setate compressae et constrictae fuerunt, subito se nonnunquam profundunt, atque ejiciunt universae. He was not accustomed to pleasures; which, when they are shut up for a long while and repressed in the early period of youth, sometimes burst forth with great fury, and overthrow every obstacle. The Belly. L. Pis. 17. Abdomini suo natus, non laudi atque gloriae. Born for the gi-atification of the ap2)etite, and not for the acquisition of glory and honour. Guilty Conscience. L. Pis. 20. Sua quemque fraus, suum facinus, suum scelus, sua audacia de sanitate ac niente deturbat : hae sunt impiorum furiae, hae flammae, hae faces. It is a man's own dishonesty, his crimes, his wickedness, and boldness, that takes away from him soundness of mind; these are the furies, these the flames and firebrands of the wicked. Law. Mil. 4. Est igitur haec non scripta sed nata lex ; quam non didicimus, accepimus, legimus, verum ex naturd ipsa arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus ; ad quam non docti, sed facti, non iustituti sed imbuti sumus. This, therefore, is a law not found in books, but written on the fleshly tablets of the heart, which we have not learned from man, received, or read, but which we have caught up from nature her- self, sucked in and imbibed ; the knowledge of which we were not taught, but for which we were made : we received it not by educa- tion, but by intuition. Laws. Mil. 4. Silent leges inter arma. The law is silent in the midst of civil war. Fickleness of Multitude. MU. 8. Principum munus est resistere levitati multitudinis. It is the duty of men of high rank to oppose the fickle disposition of the multitude. X < 16 CICERO CICERO 17 V Impunity. Mil. 16. Maxima illecebra est peccandi impunitatis spes. The hope of impunity is a very great inducement for a man to commit wrong. Conscience. Mil. 23. Ma^ma vis est conscientise et magna in utramque partem, ut ne^ue timeant, qui nihil commiserint et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent, qui pecc^rmt. Great is the power of conscience-great in both ways-so that those should neither fear who have done no wrong, and that those, who have, should always have punishment hangmg before their eyes. Impartiality. Cluent. 2. Denique ilia definitio judiciorum tequorum, quae nobis a majoribus tradita est, retineatur : ut in judicns et sine invidia culpa plectatur, et sine culp^ invidia ponatur. In short let that kind of impartial tribunal, which has been handed down to us by our ancestors, be retained, that m it on the one hand, crimes shall be punished without reference to the indi- vidual accused, and the unpopularity of the individual shall be removed without any fault being considered to belong to it. A Wise Man. Cluent. 31. Sapientissimum esse dicunt eum, cui, quod opus sit, ipsi veniat in mentem : proxime accedere ilium, qui alterius bene inventis obtemperet. In stultitia contra est. Minus enim stultus est is, cui nihil in mentem venit, quam ille, qui, quod stulte alteri venit in mentem, comprobat. They say that he is wisest to whom, whatever is necessary for the success of a scheme, comes into his mind ; that he is next to him who is ready to yield to the experience of others. In tne case of folly, however, it is the very opposite ; for he is less silly to whom nothing foolish comes into his mind than he who yieius to the unwise suggestions of another. Law. Cluent. 53. Lex enim vinculum est hujus dignitatis, quS, fruimur in republic^, hoc fundamentum libertatis, hie fons iequitatis: mens, et animus, et consilium, et sententia civitatis posita est in legibus. Ut corpora nostra sine mente ; sic civitas sine lege, suis partibus, ut nervis, ac sanguine, et membris, uti non potest, Legum ministri, magistratus ; leguni interpretes, judices ; legum denique idcirco omnes servi sumus, ut liberi esse possimus. For law is the security for the enjoyment of the high rank which we possess in the republic ; this is the foundation of our liberty, this the fountainhead of all justice ; in the laws are found the will, the spirit, the prudence, and the sentiments of the state. As our bodies cannot be of any use without our intellectual faculties, so the state, without law, cannot use its various parts, which are to it Hke nerves, blood, and limbs. The ministers of the law are its magistrates ; the interpreters of the laws are the judges ; we are therefore all servants of the laws, that we may enjoy freedom. Bringers of Good News. Philip, i. 3. Fit enim plerumque, ut ii, qui boni quid volunt afferre, affingant aliquid, quo faciant id, quod nuntiaut, Isetius. For it generally happens, that those who wish to tell us good news make some fictitious addition, that the news, wliich they bring us, may give us more joy. Friends. Philip, ii. 4. Quid est aliud, tollere e vit^ vitse societatem, quam tol- lere amicorum colloquia absentium ? To take the companonship of life from life, what else is it than to take away the means of absent friends conversing together? Arms. Philip, ii. 8. Cedant arma togse. Let arms yield to the gown. Ill-gotten Gains. Philip, ii. 27. Male parta, male dilabuntur. What is ill gotten speedily disappears. ':/ 18 CICERO CICERO 19 Peace. Philip, ii. 44. Nomeu pacis dulce est et ipsa res salutans ; sed inter pacem et servitutem plurimum interest. Fax est tian- quilla libertas ; servitus malorum omnium postremum, lion modo bello, sed morte etiam repellendum. Peace is pleasant, and most profitable; but between peace ami slavery lies a great gap. Peace is liberty m tranquillity , blavery is th7most pfrnicious of all evils-to be resisted not only by war, but even by death. Glorious Action. Philip, ii. 44. Satis in ipsd conscienti^ pulcherrirai facti fructus est. There is a sufficient recompense in the very consciousness of a noble deed. The Unprepared. Philip, iii. 1. Breve tempus longum est imparatis. A short time is long enough for those that are unprepare»l. The Wolf. Philip, iii. 11. prceclarum custodem ovium (ut aiunt) lupum ! What a noble guardian of the sheep is the wolf ! as the proverb goes. Slavery. Philip, iii. 14. Nihil est detestabilius dedecore, nihil foedius servitute ; ad decus et libertatem nati sumus : aut hsec teneamus aut cum dignitate moriamur. There is nothing more abommable than disgrace, nothing more base than slavery. We have been born for the enjoyment of honour and liberty; let us either retain these or die with dignity. Virtue. Philip, iv. 5. Quanquam omnia alia incerta sunt, caduca, mobilia: virtus est una altissimis defixa radicibus, quae nunquani ull4 vi labefactari potest, nunquam demoveri loco. Though all other things are uncertain, evanescent, and ephemei^, virtue alone is fixed with deep roots; it can neither be destroyed by any violence or moved from its place. Money the Sinews of War. Philip. V. 2. Nervos belli, pecuniara infinitara. Plenty of money, the sinews of war. The Beginning to be Opposed. Philip. V. 11. Omne malum nascens facile opprimitur ; inveteralum tit plerumque robustius. Every evil in the bud is easily crushed ; when it has lasted a long time, it is usually more difficult to get rid of. Pilots. Philip, vii. 8. Summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vecto- ribus admoneri solent. Even the ablest pilots are willing to receive advice from passen- gers in tempestuous weather. Life of the Dead. Philip, ix. 5. Vita enim mortuorum in memoriS, vivorum est posita. The life of the dead is in the recollection of the living. Patience. Philip, xi. 3. Est enim sapientis, quidquid homini accidere possit, id prsemeditari ferendum modice esse, si advenerit : majoris omnino est consilii, providere, ne quid tale accidat, sed animi non minoris, fortiter ferre, si evenerit. It is the act of the wise to consider beforehand, that, whatever may happen to a man, ought to be submitted to with patience; yet it is altogether the characteristic of a gieater mind to take care that no such thing should happen, but it shews a mind of no less power to bear unshrinkingly any unfortunate event. "''^^^^^' • X 20 CICERO CICERO 21 Sufferings of the Mind. Philip, xi. 4. Nam, quo major vis est animi, quam corporis, hoc sunt graviora ea, qu£e concipiuntur animo quam lUa, quae cor- pore. For in proportion as the strength of the mind is greater than that of the body, the sufferings of the mind are more severe than those which torment the body. Law. Philip, xi. 12. Est enim lex nihil aliud, nisi recta et a numine deorum tracta ratio, imperans honesta, prohibens contraria. Law is nothmg else but the rational principle, derived from the inspiration of the gods, approving what is honourable, and dis- approving what is base. Age succeeds Age. Philip, xi. 15. Nihil enim semper floret ; setas succedit setati. Nothing maintains its bloom for ever; age succeeds to age. To Err is Human. Philip, xii. 2. Cujusvis hominis est errare ; nullius, nisi insipientis, in errore perseverare. Posteriores enim cogitationes (ut aiunt) sapientiores solent esse. Any man may commit a fault, but none but a fool will continue in it. Second thoughts are best, as the proverb says. A Penitent. Philip, xii. 2. Optimus est portus pccnitenti, mutatio consilii. Change of conduct is the best refuge for a penitent. Death for One's Country. Philip, xiv. 12. fortunata mors, quse naturse debita pro patri^ potissi- mum reddita ! O ! happy death, which, though we owe it to nature, it is noble to suffer in defence of our country. Life. Philip, xiv. 12. Brevis a natur^ nobis vita data est ; at memoria bene redditse vitse sempiterna. It is a brief period of Ufe that is granted us by nature, but the recollection of a well-spent Ufe never dies. The Eool. Senect. 2. Ouibus nihil opis est in ipsis ad bene beateque viven- dimi, iis omnis gravis est setas : qui autem omnia bona a se ipsi petunt, iis nihil potest malum videri, quod naturae necessitas aflerat. For know this, that those who h ive no aid or support withm themselves to render their lives easy, will find eveiy state irksome ; whT such as are convinced they must owe their happmess to remselves and that if they cannot find it in their own breast, they ^iTever meet with it from abroad, will never consider anything Tan evil that is but a necessary effect of the estabhshed order ot nature, which old age most undoubtedly is. Death. Senect. 2. Sed tamen necesse fuit esse aliquid extremum, et tam- quam in arborum baccis, terrseque frugibus maturitate tempestiv^, quasi vietum, et caducum : quod ferendum est molliter sapienti. Quid enim est almd, gigantum modo ballare cum diis, nisi nature repugnare i It was absolutely necessaiy that some term, ^^me period should be set, and that, as it is with the fruits of trees, and of the earth, seasons should be allowed for their springmg,^owmg,npe^^^^^^^ and at last to drop. This wise men wdl submit to, fd cheerfully bear; nor could anything else be meant by the stories told ot the giants warring against the gods, tlian men's rebeUmg agamst nature and its laws. Discontent. Senect. 3. Importunitas autem, et inhumanitas omni getati mo- lesta est. But a perverse temper, a fretful or an inhumane disposition, will, wherever they prevail, render any state of hfe whatsoever unhappy. >' \ \ 1-^ 22 CICERO Virtue. Senect. 3. Aptissima omnino sunt, Scipio et Lasli, arma senectutis, artes, exercitationesque virtiitum, quae in omni astate cultae, cum multum, diuque vixeris, mirificos eff'erunt fructus, noii solum quia numquam deserunt, ne in extreme quidem tempore setatis, (quamquam id maximum est,) verum etiani quia conscientia bene actse vitse, multorumque benefac- torum recordatio, jucundissima est. But the best armour of old age, Scipio and Laelius, is a well- spent life preceding it ; a life employed in the pursuit of useful knowledge, in honourable actions and the practice of virtue ; in which he who labours to improve himself from his youth will iii age reap the happiest fruits of them ; not only because these never leave a man, not even in the extreraest old age, but because a conscience bearing witness that our life was well spent, together with the remembrance of past good actions, yields an unsjieakable comfort to the soul. Glorious Actions. Senect. 6. Non viribus, aut velocitatibus, aut celeritate corporum res magnse geruntur : sed consilio, auctoritate, sententia : quibus non modo non orbari, sed etiam augeri senectus solet. For 'tis neither by bodily strength, nor swiftness, nor agility, that momentous affairs are carried on, but by judgment, counsel, and authority, the abilities for whicli are so far from failing in ohl age, that they truly increase with it. Rashness. Senect 6. Temeritas est videlicet florentis oetatis ; prudentia, sene- scentis. For 'tis a truth but too well known, that rashness attends youth, as prudence doth old age. Posterity. Senect. 7. Nee vero dubitet agricola, quamvis senex, quserenti, cui serat, respondere : Diis immortalibus, qui me non accipero modo hsec a majoribus voluerunt, sed etiam posterisprodere. CICERO 23 ' ^^^^'^^^one of these men ^ ^^ ^hom it is he is thus^^bo^^^ • r. Jni hp be at any loss to answer thus: I do it, tie wm say, "forTh fmmort&, who as they bestowed these grou^^^^^ me require at my hands that I should transmit t^^m improved to posterity, who are to succeed me in the possession of them. Energy. Senect. 9. Quod est, eo decet uti : et quicquid agas, agere pro viribus. , „ . , . Whatever we take in hand, we ought to do it with all our might. Its own Peculiar Period assigned to every Part of Life. Senect. 10. Utruin igitur has corporis, an Pythagors tibi malis vires ingei ii dari \ denique isto bono utare, dum adsit : cum S ne requiras Nisi forte adolescentes pueritiam, Jl,rJtr progress! adolescentiamdebea^ Cui-sus est certus aetatis, et una via n^tjf^^;' f ^^'i^X . i,1pk- suaaue cuique parti ostatis, tempestivitas est data , "\:t iXmita.^ puLorum et ferocita. Juvenum e -rravitas iam constantis cetatm, et senectutis maturitas nXrale quiddam habeat, quod suo tempore percipi de- beat, - Now, if the choice were given you, rl"fVT- f^'mfn,?' In Milo\ Wensth of body, or lYtl"^S«>-.f ^^ei irielvS you no ought particularly to recommend it. Mind. Senect. 11. Corpora quidem defatigatione, et exercitatione ingrave- scunt ; animi autem exercitando levantur. The hodv we know, when overlaboured, becomes heavy, and, as it we^e J^ded-but 'tis exercise alone that supports the spints, and keeps the mind m vigour. 24 CICERO CICERO 25 Passions. Senect. 12. Nullam capitaliorem pestem, quam corporis voluptateru, homiuibus dicebat a natura datarn : cujus voluptatis avidae libidines, temere, et effrenate ad potiuridum incitarentur. Hiuc patriae proditiones, hinc rerumpublicarum eversiones, hiiic cum hostibus claiidestina colloquia iiasci. " The greatest ciirse, the heaviest plague," said he, " derived on man from nature, is bodily jileasure when the passions are indulged, and strong inordinate desires are raised and set in motion for ob- taining it. For this have men betrayed their country; for this have states and governments been plunged in ruin ; for this have treacherous correspondencies been held with public enemies ; in short, there is no mischief so horrid, no villany so execrable, that this will not prompt to perpetrate." Mind. Se^iect. 12. Cumque homini sive natura, sive quis deus nihil mente praestabilius dedisset ; huic divino muueri, ac done nihil esse tarn inimicum, quam voluptatem. 'Tis owned, that the most noble and excellent gift of Heaven to man, is his reason ; and 'tis as sure, that of all the enemies reason has to engage with, pleasure is the most capital. Pleasure. Senect 13. Sed si aliquid dandum est voluptati, quoniam ejus blanditiis uon facile obsistimus (divine enim Plato escam malorum, voluptatem appellat, quod ea videlicet homines capiantur, ut hamo pisces) quamquam immoderatis epulis careat seuectus, modicis tamen conviviis delectari potest. Yet as nature has so ordered it, that pleasure should have a very strong hold of us, and the inclination to it appears deeply founded m our very composition, (and 'tis with too much justice that the divme Plato calls it the bait of evil, by which men are caught as fash with a hook;) therefore though age is not taken, nor can well bear with those splendid sumptuous feastings and revels, yet we are not so insensible to the pleasures of life, but that we can in- dulge ourselves. Pleasures of Agriculture. Senect. 15. Venio nunc ad voluptates agricolanim, quibus ego in- credibiliter delector : quae nee uim impediuntur senectute, et mihi ad sapientis vitam proxime videntur accedere. But I am now come to speak to the pleasures of a country life, with which I am infinitely delighted. To these old age never is an obstruction. It is the life of nature, and appears to me the exa^test plan of that which a wise man ought to lead. Old Age. Senect. 17. Habet senectus, honorata praesertim, tantam auctorita- tem, ut ea pluris sit, quam omnes adolesceutiae voluptates. Old a^e in a person graced with honours, is attended with such respect and authority, that the sense of this alone is preferable to all the pleasures youth can enjoy. Avarice. Senect. 18. Potest enim quidquam esse absurdius, quam, quo minus vise restat, eo plus viatici quaerere l For can anything be more senselessly absurd, than that the nearer we are to our journey's end, we should stiU lay in the more pro- vision for it ? What can be called Long in Life. Senect. 19. dii boni! quid est in hominis vita diu? da enim supremum tempus : Expectemus Tartessiorum regis^ta- tem : fuit enim (ut scriptum video) Arganthonius quidam Gadibus, qui octoginta regnavit aunos, centum et yigmti vixit. Sed mibi ne diuturnum quidem quidquam videtur, in quo est aliquid extremum ; cum enim id advenit, tunc illud, quod prseteriit, effluxit : tantum remanet, quod virtute, et recte factis consecutus sis ; horae quidem cedunt, et dies, et menses, et anni : nee praeteritum tempus um- quam revertitur, nee quid sequatur, sciri potest; quod cuique temporis ad vivendum datur, eo debet esse con- tentus. Neque enim histrioni, ut placeat, peragenda est fabula, modo, in quocumque fuerit actu, probetur : neque sapienti usque ad Plaudite vivendum. Breve enim tempus ffitatis, satis est longum ad bene, honesteque vivendum. Yet oh, good gods ! what is it in life that can be said to be of long duration ? Though we should hold it to the utmost extent of •-!i!«g^^l^S»- 26 CICERO CICERO 27 age, or admit we should live the days of that Tartessian king, (for I have read that one Arganthonius reigned at Cadiz four-score years, and lived to a hundred and twenty), yet in my opinion nothing can properly be termed lasting that has a certain period fixed: for when that is once come, all the past is over and gone ; and in the business of life, when that is run out, nothing remains to us but what results from past good and virtuous actions. The hours, the days, and months, and years, all slide away, nor can the past time ever more return, or what is to follow be foreknown. We ought all to be content with the time and portion assigned us. No man expects of any one actor on the theatre that he should perform all the parts of the piece himself : one roll only is com - mitted to him, and whatever that be, if he acts it well, he is applauded. In the same manner, it is not the part of a wise man to desire to be busy in these scenes to the last plaudit. A short term may be long enough to live it well and honourably. Death. Senect. 20. Moriendum enim certe est : et id iiicertum, an eo ipso die. No man can be ignorant that he must die, nor be sure that he may not that very day. The Soul. Senect. 21. Nam, dum sumus in his inclusi compagibus corporis, munere quodam necessitatis, et gravi opera perfungimur. Est enim animus coelestis ex altissimo domicilio depressus, et quasi demersus in terram, locum divinse naturao, aeternitatique contrarium. Sed credo, deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, ut essent, qui terras tuerentur, quique coelestium ordinem contemplantes, imi- tarentur eum vitse modo, atque constantia. For while we are closed in these mortal frames, our bodies, we are bound down to a law of necessity, that obliges us with labour and pains to attend to the discharge of the several incumbent duties it requires. But our minds are of a heavenly original, descended from the blissful seats above, thrust down andimmlersed into these gross habitations of the earth, a situation altogether unsuitable to a divine and eternal nature. But the immortal gods, I believe, thought fit to throw our immortal minds into these human bodies, that the earth might be peopled with inhabitants proper to con- template and admire the beauty and order of the heavens, and the whole creation ; that from this great exemplar they might form their conduct and regulate their lives, with the like unerring steadiness. The Soul. Senect. 22. Mihi quidem nunquam persuaderi potuit, animos, dum in CO S essent mortalibuB, vivere ;.«^\«^.^^"^^^"^\f^^ LJmovl nee vero, turn animum esse msipientem, cum e''inX ent^orpore exiissent ; sed cum omni admixtione corporfs liberates, purus et integer esse ccepisset, turn esse sapientem. . I never indeed, could persuade myself that souls "onfi-^^ '^ th ,e"Sal bodies can be V^ov^^r^^^^^^ ^irse^s" wSpIrted r\nd wise. Dreams Evince the iMMORTALiTr of the Soul. Senect. 22. Atqui dormientium animi ^-i'™;, ^tC^ttlura P«- suam ; multa enim, cum remissi, eV'*" /*" hominum comitas, affabilitasque sermonis. But yet it is difl&cult to say how much men's minds are recon- ciled by a kind manner and affability of speech. Duty of an Advocate. ,. Uc. ii. 14. Nee tamen, ut hoc fugiendum est, ita habendum est religion], nocentem aliquando, modo ne iiefarium, impium- que defendere ; vult hoc multitudo, patitur consuetudo, fert etiam humanitas. We ought to consider it a duty to defend the guilty, provided he be not an abominable and impious wretch. The multitude wish this, custom allows it, and even humanity is willing to tolerate it. Bounty. Office, ii. 15. Omnino meminisse debemus id, quod a nostris homini- bus ssepissime usurpatum, jam in proverbii consuetudineni venit, largitionem f undum non habere ; etenim quis potest modus esse, cum et idem qui consuerunt, et idem illud alii desiderent ? We ought particularly to remember this, as it is often in the mouths of the men of the present day, and has even passed into a proverb, " That a bountiful disposition has no bottom." For where can there be any moderation when both those who are accustomed to get, and others, are anxious for the same thmg? Benefits III Bestowed. Offic. ii. 18. Nam praeclare Ennius : Benefacta male locata, malefacta arhitror. Well has Ennius said, "Kindnesses ill bestowed are nothin^ but a curse and a disservice." " Gratitude. Offic. ii. 20. Commode autem, quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse : qui reddiderit, non habere : gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere : et qui habeat, retulisse. Well has it been said, whoever said it, " That the man who has received money has not repaid it, and he who has repaid it possesses it not ; whereas he who has repaid a kindness shews his gratitude and he who has it hath repaid it." ' Levelling Principle, no Mischief Greater. Offi<;. ii. 21. Turn illud male : non esse in civitate duo millia hominum^ qui rem haherent. Capitalis oratio, et ad sequationem bo- norum pertinens : qud peste quae potest esse major ? He said very unwisely, " That there were not two thousand men of property m the whole state." A speech well worthy of notice and which aimed at the equalising of jiroperty, than which there is no principle more pernicious in a state. Health. Offic. ii. 24. Sed valitudo sustentatur notiti^ sui corporis ; et obser- vatione, quae res aut prodesse soleant, aut obesse ; et con- tinently in victu omni, atque cultu, corporis tuendi caus4 ; et prsetermittendis voluptatibus ; postremo arte eorum* quorum ad scientiam hsac pertinent. ' ^VV Vb'^)''^*-^' ^^ 50 CICERO CICERO 51 n Good health is to be secured by attention to our bodies, and by observing what things benefit or injure us ; by temperance in living, which tends to preserve the body ; by refraining from sensuality ; in short, by employing the skill of those who have devoted them- selves to its study. Leisure. Ojfic. iii. 1. Publium Scipionem, Marce fili, eum, qui primus Afri- canus appellatus est, dicere solitum scripsit Cato, qui fuit fere ejus sequalis, Numquam se minus otiosum esse, quam cum otiosus ; nee minus solum, quam cum solus esset Magnifica vero vox, et magno viro, ac sapiente digna : quae declarat, ilium et in otio de negotiis cogitare, et in solitu- dine secum loqui solitum ; ut neque cessaret umquam, et interdum colloquio altering non egeret. Itaque duse res, quse languorem afferunt ceteris, ilium acuebant, otium, et solitudo. My son Marcus, Cato tells us that Publius Scipio, he who was called Africanus the Elder, used to say " that he was never less at leisure than when he was at leisure, nor less alone than when he was alone." A splendid saying, and worthy of a great and wise man, which shews that he used to deliberate on affairs in his leisure hours, and to converse with himself when he was alone, so that he never was idle, and sometimes did not require the society of others. Therefore the two things which cause ^ennui to others— namely, retirement and solitude — roused him. Nothing Expedient which is not also Virtuous. Offic. iii. 7. Nihil vero utile, quod non idem honestum : nihil hones- tum, quod non idem utile sit, ssepe testatur : negatque, ullam pestem majorem in vitam hominum invasisse, quam eorum opinionem, qui ista distraxerint. He often assures us that there is nothing expedient which is not also honourable, nothing honourable which is not also expedient ; and he maintains that there is no greater injury done to men than of those who try to separate them. Guilt in the Hesitation of a Wicked Act. Offic. iii. 8. In ips^ dubitatione facinus inest, etiamsi ad id non per- venerint. Wickedness resides in the very hesitation about an act, even though it be not peri)etrated. The True Way of Life. OJic. iii. 10. Qui stadium, currit, eniti et contendere debet, quam maxime possit, ut vincat : supplantare eum, quicum certet, aut manu depellere, nuUo modo debet ; sic in vitji sibi quemque petere, quod pertineat ad usum, non iniquum est : alteri deripere, jus non est. He who runs in a racecourse ought to exert himself as much as he can to conquer, but ought by no means to trip up, or throw down the man with whom he is contending; so in the affairs of life there is nothing wrong in a man trying to obtain what may be for his advantage, yet rogxiery is unlawful. Ignorance of Another not to be Preyed on. Offic. iii. 17. Neminem id agere, ut ex alterius praedetur inscientid. No one should act so as to take advantage of the ignorance of his neighbour. Man of Integrity. Offic. iii. 19. Cum enim fidem alicujus, bonitatemque laudant ; dig- num esse dicunt, quicum in tenebris mices. For when they praise the faith, the honour, the goodness of a man, they say, " He is one with whom we may play at odd and even in the dark." Perjury. Offic. iii. 29. Non enim falsum jurare, perjurare est : sed, quod ex auimi tui sententia juraris, sicut verbis concipitur more nostro,id non facere, perjurium est. For to swear falsely is not at all times to be accounted perjury, but not to perform that wliich you have sworn according to the intentions of your mind — "ex aiiimi tui sententia," as our law books have it — is perjury. Ipse Dixit. JVat. D. i. 5. Nee vero probare soleo id, quod de Pythagoreis accepi- mus : quos ferunt, si quid affirmarent in disputando, cum ex iis qusereretur, quare ita esset, respondere solitos, ipse dixit ; ipse autem, erat Pythagoras. /I 52 CICERO CICERO 53 Nor am I accustomed to approve of that which we have heard about the Pythagoreans, whom they say used to answer, when they made an assertion in discussing a subject, if they were asked why it was so, " He himself has said it." Now this " he " was Pytha- goras. An Ape. Nat D. i. 35. Simla quam similis, turpissima bestia, nobis ! How like to us is that filthy beast the ape ! Time Destroys the Fictions of Error. Nat. D. ii. 2. Opinionum enim commenta delet dies: naturae judicia confirmat. Time destroys the erroneous opinions of man, but confirms the judgments of nature. How God is to be Worshipped. Nat. D. ii. 28. Cultus autem deorum, est optimus, idemque castissimu^ atque sanctissimus, plenissimusque pietatis, ut eos semper pura, Integra, incorrupta et mente, et voce veneremur ; non enim philosophi solum, vemm etiam majores nostri superstitionem a religione separaverunt. The best, the purest, the most holy worship of the gods, and that which is most consistent with our duty, is to worship them always with purity and sincerity of words and thoughts ; for not only philosophers, but even our ancestors have drawn a distinc- tion between superstition and religion. God. Nat. D. ii. 30. Nihil est prsestantius Deo ; ab eo igitur necesse est mundum regi. Nulli igitur est naturse obediens aut sub- jectus Deus. Omnem ergo regit ipse naturam. Nothing is superior to God ; He must therefore govern the world. God is subject to no principle of nature, therefore He rules the whole of nature. Eloquence. Nat. D. ii. 59. Jam vero domina rerum (ut vos soletis dicere) eloquendi vis, quam est preeclara, quamque divina ? quae primum effi- cit, ut ea, quce ignoramus, discere et ea, qusB scimus, alios docere possimus. Deinde hdc cohortamur, h^c persuade- raus, h4c consolamur afflictos, h§,c deduciraus perterritos a timore, h^c gestientes comprimimus, hdc cupiditates, ira- cundiasque restinguimus ; hsec nos juris, legum, urbiuni societate devinxit : haec a vit4 immaui, et ferS, segregavit. How noble and divine is eloquence ! which is the mistress of all things, as you are accustomed to say. Which, in the first place, enables us to learn those things of which we are ignorant, and to teach others those things which we know; by this we exhort; by this we persuade; by this we console the afflicted; by this we dissipate the fears of the frightened ; by this we restrain the eager ; by this we put an end to passions and desires ; it is this that has bound mankind by the community of privileges, of laws, towns, and civil society ; this it is which has removed us far from the ills of a savage and barbarous life. Man. Nat. D. ii. 60. Terrenorum item commodorum omnis est in homine dominatus. Nos campis, nos montibus fruimur : nostri isunt amnes, nostri lacus : nos fruges serimus, nos arbores : nos aquarum inductionibus terris foccunditatem damus ; nos flumina arcemus, dirigimus, avertimus : nostris denique manibus in rerum natura quasi alteram naturam efficere conamur. Everything that the earth produces belongs to man : we enjoy the fields and the mountains ; ours are the rivers and the lakes ; we sow com and plant trees ; we give fruitfulness to the earth by irrigating the ground ; we confine, direct, and turn the course of rivers; in short, by our proceedings we endeavour to form, as it were, a second nature. Inspiration. Nat. D. ii. 66. Nemo vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino umquam fuit. No man was ever great without divine inspiration. Reasoning often Darkens Matters. Nat. D. iii. 4. Perspicuitas enim argumentatione elevatur. The clearest subjects are often obscured by lengthened reason- ing. \ i 54 CICERO CICERO N Predestination. Divin. i. 55. Quod cum ita sit, nihil est factum, quod non futurum fuerit, eodemque modo nihil est futurum, cujus non causas idipsum efficientes, natura contineat. Since this is- so, nothing has ever happened which has not been predestinated, and in the same way nothing will ever occur the predisposing causes for which may not be found m nature. Impostors. Divin. i. 58. Non habeo denique nauci Marsum augurem, Non vicanos haruspices, non de circo astrologos, Non Isiacos conjectores, non interpretes somniAm, Non enim sunt ii aut scientia, aut arte divini, Sed superstitiosi vates, impudentesque harioli. Aut inertes, aut insani, aut quibus egestas imperat : Qui sibi semitam non sapiunt, alteri monstrant viam : Quibus divitias poUicentur, ab iis drachmam ipsi petunt. De his divitiis sibi deducant drachmam, reddant cetera. In short, I care nothing for the Marsian augurs, nor the village haruspices, nor strolling astrologers, nor for the gypsy priests of Isis, nor for the interpreters of dreams ; for these possess neither science nor art, but are superstitious priests and impudent im- postors. They are either lazy or mad, or act to gain a livelihood ; knowing not the right path themselves, they pretend to shew it to others, promising riches to gain a penny. Teachers. Divin. ii. 2. Quod enim munus reipublicse afFerre majus, meliusve possumus, quam si docemus, atque erudimus juventutem! What nobler employment, or more advantageous to the state, than that of the man who instructs the rising generation ! A Wise Prophet. Divin. ii. 5. Bene qui conjiciet, vatem hunc perhibebo optimum. The best guesser I shall always call the most sagacious prophet. Knowledge op Futurity. Divin. ii. 9. Atque ego ne utilem quidera arbitror esse nobis futu- rarum rerum scientiam. Quae enim vita fuisset Priamo, si ab adolesceutia, scisset, quos eventus seuectutis esset habiturus ! For my own part, I can never believe that a knowledge of future events would be of advantage to us; for what a miserable life Priam would have led, had he known the occurrences that were to befall him in his old age ! Star-Gazing. Divin. ii. 13. . Quod est ante pedes, nemo spectat : cceli scrutautur plagas. Nobody looks at what is immediately before them ; we are all employed in gazing at the stars. Man Prescient and Sagacious. Leg. i. 7. Animal hoc providum, sagax, multiplex, acutum, memor, plenum ration is et consilii, quern vocamus Hominem, praeclar^ qu^dam conditione generatum esse a supremo Deo. Solum est enim ex tot animantium generibus, atque naturis, particeps rationis, et cogitationis, cum cetera sint omnia expertia. Quid est autem, non dicam in homine, sed in omni coelo, atque terrc^, ratione divinius ? quse cum adolevit, atque perfecta est, nominatur rite sapientia. This provident, sagacious, versatile, subtile, thoughtful, rational, wise animal, which we call man, has been created by the supreme God with a certain noble privilege ; for he alone of so many different kinds and sorts of animals is partaker of reason and reflection, when all others are destitute of them. But what is there, I will not say in man, but in all heaven and earth, more divine than reason? which, when it has arrived at maturity, is properly termed wisdom. No Nation so Savage that does not Ackn^^wledge God. Leg. i. 8. Itaque ex tot generibus nullum est animal, prseter homi- nem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam dei : ipsisque in homi- nibus nulla gens est neque tam immansueta neque tarn fera, quse non, etiam si ignoret,qualem habere deum deceat, W'JiiaiBBaatetttf "inMii&Ji'iii* ■ ^"^ CICERO u habendum sciat. Ex quo efficitur illud, ut is ag- fscat Deum, qui, unde ortus sit, quasi recordetur, ac loscat. Therefore, of all kinds of animals there is none except man that has knowledge of a God; among men there is not a nation so savage and brutish which, though it may not know what kind of a being God ought to be, yet knows that there must be one. From this we may infer that, whoever, as it were, recollects and knows whence he is sprung, must acknowledge the existence of a God. Inspiration of Man. Leg. i. 22. Nam qui se ipse n6rit, primum aliquid sentiet se habere diviiium, ingeniumque in se suum, sicut simulacrum aliquod, dedicatum putabit ; tantoque munere deorum semper dignum aliquid et faciei, et sentiet : et, cum se ipse perspexerit, totumque tentarit ; intelliget, quem ad- modum a natura subornatus in vitam venerit, quantaque instrumenta habeat ad obtinendam, adipiscendamque sa- pieniiam. For whoever is acquainted with his own mind, will, in the first place, feel that he has a divine principle within him, and will regard his rational faculties as something sacred and holy ; he will always both think and act in a wjiy worthy of so great a gift of the gods; and when he shall have proved and thoroughly examined himself, he will perceive in what manner furnished by nature he has come into life, and what means he obtains and possesses to procure wisdom. Law. Leg. ii. 4. Hanc igitur video sapientissimorum fuisse sententiam, legem neque hominum ingeniis excogitatam, nee scitum aliquod esse populorum, sed seternum quiddam, quod universum mundum regeret, imperandi prohibendique sapienti^. Ita principem legem illam, et ultimam, men- tem esse dicebant, omnia ratione aut cogentis, aut vetantis dei : ex qua ilia lex, quam dii humano generi dederunt, recte est laudata. Est enim ratio, mensque sapientis, ad jubendum, et ad deterrendum idonea. I see, therefore, that this has been the idea of the wisest, that law has not been devised by the ingenuity of man, nor yet is it a mere decree of the people, but an eternal principle which must direct the whole universe, ordering and forbidding everything with entire wisdom. Thus they used to say that the mind of the divin- CICERO 57 ity was the real and ultimate law which orders or forbids every- thing justly; hence that law which the gods have assigned to mankind is justly deserving praise, for it is the reason and mind of a wise being well fitted to order or forbid. Law. Leg. ii. 4. Erat enim ratio profecta a rerum natur^, et ad recte faciendum impellens, et a delicto avocans : quae non turn denique incipit lex esse, cum scripta est, sed turn, cum orta est. Orta autem simul est cum mente diving. Quam- obrem, lex vera, atque princeps, apta ad jubendum, et ad vetandum, ratio summi Jovis. For it was reason derived from the nature of things, impelling man to what is right, and deterring him from what is wrong, which does not then begin to be law, when it is found written down in books, but was so from the first moment of its existence. It was co-eternal with the divine mind, vv^herefore true and ultimate law fitted to order and to forbid is the mind of the supreme being. Law. Leg. ii. 5. Ergo est lex, justonmi injustorumque distinctio, ad illam antiquissimam, et rerum onmium principem expressa naturam, ad quam leges hominum diriguntur, quae sup- plicio improbos afiiciunt, defendunt ac tuentur bonos. Law, therefore, is what distinguishes right and wrong, derived from nature herself, the most ancient principle of all things, to which the laws of men direct themselves, when they impose penal- ties on the wicked, and protect and defend the good. Stains of the Conscience cannot be Obliterated. Leg. ii. 10. Animi labes nee diuturnitate vanescere nee amnibus ullis elui potest. The stains that affect the mind cannot be got rid of by time, nor yet can the multitudinous waters of the sea wash them away. Cicero Opposed to Ballot. Leg. iii. 15. Nam ego in ist^ sum sententia, qu4 te fuisse semper scio, nihil ut fuerit in sufFragiis voce melius. For I am of the same opinion as you have always been, that open *' viv4 voce" voting va the best method at elections. f 58 CICERO CICERO 59 Y Ballot a Cover for Corrupt Votes. Leg. iii. 15. Quamobrem suffragandi nimia libido in non bonis causis eripienda fuit potentibus, non latebra danda populo, in qui, bonis ignorantibus, quid quisque sentiret, tabella vitiosum occultaret sufFragium. Itaque isti rationi neque lator quisquam est inventus, nee auctor umquam bonus. Wherefore the powerful ought rather to have been deprived of their power of influencing votes for bad purposes, than that the ballot should have been conferred on the people, whereby corrupt votes are concealed, virtuous citizens being left in the dark as to the sentiments of each. Wherefore no good man has ever been found to bring forward or proi)ose such a law. Power of Eloquence. Or. i. 8. Nil mihi videtur prtestabilius, quam posse dicendo tenere hominum ccetus, mentes allicere, voluntates impellere quo velit, unde autem velit deducere. Nothing appears to me to be nobler than to keep assemblies of men entranced by the charms of eloquence, wielding their minds at will, impelling them at one time, and at another dissuading them from their previous intentions. A Harvest. Or. ii. 65. Ut sementem feceris, ita metes. As you sow, so shall you reap. Unlearned Good Sense rather than Loquacious Folly. Or. iii. 35. Malo indisertam prudentiam quam stultitiam loquacem. I prefer the wisdom of the unlearned to the folly of the loqua- cious. Highest Place. Or. 1. Prima enim sequentem, honestum est in secundis, ter- tiisque consistere. When you are aspiring to the highest place, it is honourable to reach the second, or even to linger in the third rank. The Beautiful in the Mind only. Or. 2. Sed ego sic statuo, nihil esse in ullo gen ere tarn pulch- rum, quo non pulchrius id sit, unde illud, ut ex ore aliquo, quasi imago, exprimatur, quod neque oculis, neque, auribus, neque ullo sensu percipi potest : cogitatione tantum, et mente complectimur. I am of opinion that there is nothing so beautiful, but that there is something still more beautiful, of which this is the mere image and expression, — a something which can neither be perceived by the eyes, the ears, nor any of the senses; we comprehend it merely in the thoughts of our minds. Grandiloquent Orators. Or. 5. Nam et grandiloqui, ut ita dicam, fuerunt cum ampl^ et sententiarum gravitate, et maj estate verborum,vehementes, varii, copiosi, graves: ad permovendos, et convertendos animos instructi, et parati : quod ipsum alii asper^, tristi, horrida oratione, neque perfects, neque conclus^ : alii Isevi, et instructa, et terminata. For there have been grandiloquent orators, so to speak, impres- sive and sonorous in their language, vehement, versatile, and copious ; well trained and prepared to excite and turn the minds of their audience. Wi^le the same effect has been produced by others, by a rude, rough, unpolished mode of address, without finish or delicacy ; while others have effected the same by smooth, well-turned periods. Neat Orators. Or. 6. Et contra tenues, acuti, omnia docentes, et dilucidiora, non ampliora, facientes, subtili quadam, et pressd oratione limati. In eodemque genere alii callidi, sed impoliti, et consulto rudium similes et imperitorum : alii in eadem jejunitate concinniores, id est, faceti, florentes etiam, et leviter ornati. On the other hand, there are orators of subtle and acute minds, well educated, making every subject which they treat clear, but adding little in reality to our knowledge, refined and correct in their language. Among these some are crafty, but unpolished, and on purpose rude and apparently unskilful ; while others exhibit more elegance in their barrenness and want of spirit — that is to say, they are facetious, flowery in their language, and admit of a few ornaments. I 60 CICERO CICERO 61 The Power of the Voice Derived from Three Sounds. Or. 18. Mira est enim qusedam natura vocis : cujus quidem, e tribus omnino sonis, inflexo, acuto, gravi, tanta sit, et tarn suavis varietas perfecta in cantibus. "Wonderful indeed is the nature of the voice, which, though consisting merely of three sounds, — the bass, treble, and the tenor, — yet possesses great power, and a sweet variety, as is shewn in songs. Excess Offends more than Falling Short. Or. 22. In omnibus rebus videndum est, quateniis, etsi enim suus cuique modus est, tamen magis ofFendit nimium, quam parum. In quo Apelles pictores quoque eos peccare dicebat, qui non sentirent, quid esset satis. In everything we must consider how far we ought to go, for though everything has its proper medium, yet too much is more offensive than too little. Hence Apelles used to say, that those painters committed a fault who did not know what was enough. The Eloquent Man. Or. 29. Is enim est eloquens, qui et humilii^ubtiliter, et magna graviter, et mediocria temperate potest dicere. He is the eloquent man who can treat subjects of an humble nature with delicacy, lofty things impressively, and moderate things temperately. Ignorance of the Past. Or. 34. Nescire autem, quid antea, quam natus sis, accident, id est semper esse puerum. Not to know what happened before one was bom, is always to be a child. In Great Arts the Height Delights Us. Or. 43. Nam omnium magnarum artium, sicut arborum, altitude nos delectat ; radices, stirpesque non item : sed esse ilia sine his non potest. For in all great arts, as in trees, it is the height that charms us ; we care nothing for the roots or trunks, yet it could not exist without the aid of these. To be Ashamed of our Profession. Or. 43. Me autem, sive pervagatissimus ille versus, qui vetat, Artem pudere proloqui^ quam factites^ dissimulare non sinit, quin delecter. That very common verse which forbids us "to be ashamed of speaking of the profession which we practise," does not allow me to conceal that I take delight in it. Wisdom in not Thinking that One Knows that op WHICH HE IS Ignorant. Acad. QuoBst. i. 4. Ob earn rem se arbitrari ab Apolline omnium sapientis- simum esse dictum, quod haec esset una omnis sapientia, uon arbitrari, sese scire, quod nesciat. For this cause he imagined that Socrates was called the wisest of men by Apollo, because all wisdom consists in this, not to think that we know what we do not know. ^ The Sow. Acad. Qucest. i. 4. Non sus Minervam, ut ajunt. The sow should not teach Minerva, according to the proverb. Like as two Eggs. Acad. Qucest. iv. 18. Videsne ,ut in proverbio sit ovorum inter se similitudo ? Like as two eggs, according to the proverb. Falsehood often Borders on Truth. Acad. Qucest. iv. 21. Ita enim finitima sunt falsa veris, ut in prcecipitem locum non debeat se sapiens committere. So close does falsehood approach to truth, that the wise man Would do well not to trust himself on the narrow ledge. I 62 CICERO CICERO 63 Death always Impending. Fin. i. 18. Accedit etiam mors, quae, quasi saxum Tantalo, semper impendet : turn superstitio, qu^ qui est imbutus, quietus esse numquam potest. Death approaches, which is always impending over us, like the stone over Tantakis ; then comes superstition, with which he, who is racked, can never have peace of mind. Man Born for Two Things. Fin. ii. 13. Homo ad duas res, ad intelligendum et ad agendum est natus. Man has been born for two things— thinking and acting. Rare Things. Fin. ii. 25. In omni arte, qu4vis scientia, vel in ips^ virtute, opti- mum quidque rarissimum est. In every art, science, and we may say even in virtue itself, the best is most rarely to be found. Past Labours. Fin. ii. 32. Vulgo enim dicitur, Jucundi acW lahores: nee male Euripides : concludam, si potero, Latine : Graecum enim hunc versum nostis omnes: Saavis laborum est prceteri- torum memoria. It is generally said, "Past labours are pleasant." Euripides says, for you all know the Greek verse, " The recollection of past labours is pleasant." Literature Necessary to the Mind. Fin. V. 19. Animi cultus quasi quidam humanitatis cibus. The cultivation of the mind is a kind of food supplied for the soul of man. Arts Cherished by Respect shewn to Them. Tusc. Qucest. i, 2. Honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria : jacentque ea semper, quse apud quosque improbantur. The honour shewn to arts cherishes them, for all are incited to their pursuit by fame ; the arts which are contemned by a people make always slight progress. Law of Nations is the Consent of all Nations. Tasc. Qucest. i. 13. Omni in re consensio omnium gentium, lex naturae putanda est. In everything the consent of all nations is regarded as the law of nature. Anticipation of Future Ages. Tusc. Qucest. i. 15. Nescio quomodo inhoeret in mentibus quasi sseculorum (juoddam augurium futurorum ; idque in maximis ingeniis,. altissimisque animis et existit maxime, et apparet facilli- nie ; quo quidem dempto, quis tam esset amens, qui semper in laboribus et periculis viveret ? There resides in the human breast, I know not how, a certain anticipation of future ages ; this exists and appears chiefly in the noblest spirits ; if it were taken from us, who is there so mad as to lead a life of danger and anxiety ? The Soul Exists by Consent of all Nations. Tusc. Qucest. i. 16. Ut deos esse natur^ opinamur, qualesque sint, ratione cognoscimus ; sic permanere animos arbitramur, consensu rationum omnium ; qu^ in sede maneant, qualesque sint, ratione discendum est. As nature tells us, there are gods, and we know, by reason, what like they must be, so, by the consent of all nations, we believe that the soul exists for eternity ; but where it is to exist, and of what nature it is, we must leain from reason. To Err with Plato. Tasc. Qucest. i. 17. Errare mehercule malo cum Platone, quem tu quanti facias, scio, et quem ex tuo ore admirer, quam cum istis vera sentire. By Hercules, I prefer to err with Plato, whom I know how much you value, than to be right in the company of such men. • i 64 CICERO CICERO 65 A Profession. Tu8c. Qucest. i. 18. Quam quisque norit artem, in hac se exerceat. Let a man practise the profession which he best knows. The Soul Imprisoned in the Body. Tusc. Qucest. i. 22. Mihi quidem naturam animi intuenti, multo difficilior occurrit cogitatio, multoque obscurior, qualis animus in corpore sit, tamquam alienae domui quam qualis, cum exierit, et in liberum coelum, quasi domum suam venerit. When I reflect on the nature of the soul, it is much more diffi cult for me to conceive what like the soul is in the body, where it dwells as in a foreign land, than what like it must be when it has left the body and ascended to heaven, its own peculiar home. The Sodl. Tusc. Qucest. i. 27. Ita quidquid est illud, quod sentit, quod sapit, quod vivit, quod viget, cocleste et divinum est ob eamque rem geternum sit necesse est. Whatever that principle is which feels, conceives, lives, and exists, it is heavenly and divine, and therefore must be eternal. The Mind. Tusc. Qucest. i. 29. Mentem hominis, quam vis earn non videas, ut deum nou vides : tamen ut deum agnoscis ex operibus ejus, sic ex memori^ rerum, et inventione, et celeritate motus, omnique pulchritudine virtutis vim divinam mentis agnos- cito. Although you are not able to see the mind of man, as you see not God, yet as you recognise God from His works, so you must acknowledge the divine power of the mind from its recollection of past events, its powers of invention, from its rapidity of movement, and the desire it has for the beautiful. Suicide. Tusc. Qucest. i. 30. Vetat dominans ille in nobis deus, injussu hinc nos suo demigrare. That divine principle that rules within us forbids us to leave this world without the orders of the Divinity. Death. Tusc. Qucest. ii. 17. Qui alteri exitium parat, Eum scire oportet sibi paratam pestem, ut participet parem. He who is preparing destruction for another, may be certain that his own life is in danger. Custom. Tusc. Qucest. ii. 17. Consuetudinis magna vis est. Great is the power of custom. Glory. Tusc. Qucest. iii. 2, Est enim gloria, solida qusedam res, et expressa, non adumbrata ; ea est consentiens laus bonorum, incorrupta vox bene judicantium de excellente virtute ; ea virtuti resonat, tamquam imago, quse quia recte factorum ple- rumque comes est, non est bonis viris repudianda. Glory is something that is really and actually existing, and not a mere sketch ; it is the united expression of approval by the good the genuine testimony of men who have the power of forming a proper judgment of virtuous conduct; it is the sound given back by virtue, like the echoes of the woods, Avhich, as it usually attends on virtuous actions, is not to be despised by the good. The Fool Lynx-Eyed to the Follies of his Neighbours. Tusc. Qucest. iii. 30. Est proprium stultitiae, aliorum vitia cernere, oblivisci suorum. It is the peculiar quality of a fool to be quick in seeing the faults of others, while he easily forgets liis own. Philosophy. Tusc. Qucest. v. 2. vitse philosophia dux! o virtutis indagatrix, expul- trixque vitiorum ! quid non modo nos, sed omnino vita hominum sine te esse potuisset ? tu urbes peperisti : tu £ < ( 66 CICERO CICERO 67 dissipates homines in societatem vitoe convocasti : tu eos inter se primo domiciliis, deinde conjugiis, turn litterarum, et vocum communione junxisti: tu inventrix legum, tu magistra morum, et disciplinse fuisti: ad te conf ugimus : a te opem petimus. Est aiitem unus dies bene, et ex prseceptis tuis actus, peccanti immortalitati anteponendus. Philosophy, thou guide of life ! Thou searcher after virtue, and banisher of vice ! What would not only we ourselves, but the whole life of men, have been without thy aid ? It is thou that foundedst cities, coUectedst men in social union; thou that broughtest them together first in dwellings, then m marriage, then in all the dehghts of literature ; thou discoveredst laws, be- stowest on men virtuous habits : co thee we fly for aid. One day spent virtuously, and in obedience to thy precepts, is worth an immortality of sin. Socrates. Tasc. Qucest. v. 4. Socrates primus philosophiam devocavit e ccclo, et in urbibus collocavit, et in domos etiam introduxit, et coegit de vita, et moribus, rebusque bonis et malis quserere. Socrates was the first who brought down philosophy from heaven, introducing it into the abodes of men, and compelling thein tu study the science of life, of human morals, and the effects of tilings good and bad. Fatherland wherever we Enjoy Ourselves. Tusc. Qucest. v. 37. Fatrla est uhicumque est bene. Socrates quidem cum rogaretur, cnjatem se esse diceret, mundanum, inquit. Totius enim mundi se incolam, et civem arbitrabatur. Our country is wherever we find ourselves to be happy. When Socrates was asked to what country he belonged, he said "that he was a citizen of the world." For he thought himself an inhabitant and citizen of the whole universe. Drink or Depart. Tusc. Qucest. v. 41. Mihi quidem in vit4, servanda videtur ilia lex, quse in Graecorum conviviis obtinetur : Aut bibat, inquit, I'^laJImX Fatherland not a Refuge for our Idleness. De Republ. i. 4. Neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit ; ut nulla quasi alimenta expectaret a nobis, ac tantummodo nostris ipsa commodis serviens, tutum perfugium otio nostro suppeditaret, et tranquillum ad quietem locum ; ised ut plurimas et maximas nostri animi, ingenii, consilii partes ipsa sibi ad utilitatem suam pignaretur, tantumque nobis in nostrum privatum usum, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret. ^ Nor has our fatherland produced and brought us up, so that she should derive no advantage from us, or that we should regard it as created for our mere convenience - as a place where we may tran- quilly while away our useless existence in idleness and sloth. Such is not the proper view in which we should regard our country. She claims from us the mightiest exertions of our mind, and of all our powers, and only gives back for our private use what remains of our stock of time after we have been so employed. Statesmen resemble the Divine Powers. De Republ. i. 7. Neque enim est ulla res, in qu& propius ad deorum 68 CICERO CICERO 69 y^ numen virtus accedat humana, quam civitates aut condere novas aut conservare jam conditas. Nor is there anything in which the virtue of mankind approaches nearer to the gods than when they are employed in founding new commonwealths, and in preserving those already founded. A Commonwealth bound by the Compact of Justice. Be Repuhl. i. 25. Est igitur respublica res populi ; populus autem iion omnis hominum coctus, quoque modo congregatus, sed coetus inultitudinis juris consensu et utilitatis commu- nione sociatus. A state is the common weal of a people ; but a people is not every assembly of men brought together in any way ; it is an as- sembly of men united together by the bonds of just laws, and by common advantages. The Wealthiest regarded the Noblest. De Repuhl. i. 34. Nam divitise, nomen, opes vacuse consilio et vivendi atque aliis imperandi modo, dedecoris plense sunt et iii- solentis superbioe : nee ulla deformior species est civitatis quam ilia in qua opulentissimi optimi putantur. For riches, great fame, wealth unaccompanied by wisdom and the knowledge of living vui^uously and commanding properly, are only the cause of greater disgrace, and of exhibiting insolence in more glaring colours ; nor is there any form of state more disgi-ace- ful to men than that in which the wealtliiest are regarded the noblest. Equality of Democracies. De Repuhl. i. 34. Nam jequabilitas quidem juris, quam amplexantur liberi populi, neque servari potest : ipsi enim populi, quamvis soluti effrenatique siiit, prsecipue multis multa tribuunt, et est in ipsis magnus delectus hominum et dignitatum ; eaque quse appellatur sequabilitas iniquissima est. For equahty of rights, of which a free people is so fond, cannot be maintained; for the very people themselves, though they are their own masters, and perfectly uncontrolled, give up much power to many of their fellow-citizens, shewing cringing respect to men and dignities. That which is called equality is most iniquitous in its acts. Authorities less than Arguments. De Repuhl. i. 38. Apud bonum judicem, argumenta plus quam testes valent. In the eyes of a wise judge, proofs by reasoning are of more vakie than witnesses. Licence. De Repuhl. i. 40. Licet enim lascivire dum nihil metuas, ut in navi ac sfppe etiam in morbo levi. WTien you have nothing to fear, you may enjoy yourself as in a ship, or in some trifling disease. Revolutionary Madness. De Repuhl. i. 42. Si quando aut regi justo vim populus attulerit regno ve cum spoliavit ; aut etiam, id quod evenit saepius, optima- tium sanguinem gustavit, ac totam rempublicam substravit libidini suoe ; cave putes autem mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare, quam effrenatam insolentia multitudinem. "VMien a people has once treated with violence a just king, or hurled him from his throne, or even, what has often happened, has tasted the blood of the nobles, and subjected the whole com- monwealth to their fury, do not be foolish enough to imagine that it would be easier to calm the most furious hurricane at sea, or flames of fire, than to curb the unbridled insolence of the multi- tude. Changes of Government like a Game or Ball. De Repuhl. i. 44. Sic tanquam pilam rapiunt inter se reipublicoe statum, tyranni ab regibus ; ab iis autem principes aut populi ; a quibus aut factiones aut tyranni ; nee diutius unquam tenetur idem reipublica) modus. Then tyrants snatch the government from kings, like at a game of ball ; from them the nobles or people in their turn, to whom succeed factious parties or tyrants; nor does the same form of government ever remain for any length of time. X 70 CICERO CICERO 71 The British Constitution. De Repuhl. i. 45. Quod cum ita sit, tribus primis generibus longe prscstat me4 senteiitia regium ; regio autem ipsi prsestabit id, quod erit sequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis. Placet enim esse quiddam in repub- lica prsestaijs et regale ; esse aliud auctoritate priricipuin partum ac tributum ; esse quasdam res servatas judicio voluntatique multitudinis. Since this is so, in my opinion monarchy is by far the best of the three forms ; but the monarchical is excelled by that which is made up and formed of the three best kinds of government. In a state there ought to be something super-eminent and royal ; anothei- portion of power ought to be assigned to the nobles, and soim: ought to be reserved for the lower classes. Greatest Nu.mber. De Repuhl. ii. 22. Semper in republic^ tenendum est, ne plurimum valeant plurimi. In a state this rule ought always to be observed, that the greatest number should not have the predomintmt power. Justice orders to consult the Good of All. De Repuhl. iii. 12. Justitia proecipit parcere omnibus, consulere generi hominum, suum cuique reddere, sacra, publica, alieiia non tangere. Justice commands us to have mercy on all men, to consult for the interests of mankind, to give every one his due, not to commit sacrilege, and not to covet the goods of others. A Modest Man. Ep. ii. 6. Grave est enim homini pudenti, petere aliquid magnum ab eo, de quo se bene meritum putet : ne id, quod petat, exigere magis, quam rogare ; et in mercedis potius, quaiii beneficii loco numerare videatur. Est animi ingenui, cui multum debeas, eidem plurimum velle debere. It is annoying to a modest man to ask anything of value from one on whom he thinks that he has conferred a favour, lest he should seem to demand as a right rather than ask as a favour : and should appear to account it as a remuneration rather than a kindness. It is the feeling of a noble and liberal mind to be wUhng to owe much to the man to whom you already owe much. Advice Wisest from Yourself. Ep. ii. 7. Nemo est qui tibi sapientius suadere possit teipso : numquam labere, si te audies. There is no one who can give wiser advice to you than yourself: you will never err if you listen to yourself. Victory in Civil War. Ep. iv. 4. Victorice, quae civilibus bellis semper est insolens. Spirit of insolence, which victory iu all civil wars never fails to inspire. Empirics. Ep. iv. 5. Neque imitare malos medicos, qui in alienis morbis pro- fitentur tenere se medicinso scientiam, ipsi se curare nou possunt. Nor resemble those unskilful empirics, who, at the same time that they pretend to be furnished with remedies for other men's disorders, are altogether incapable of finding a cure for their own. Grief Lessened by Time. Ep. iv. 5. NuUus dolor est, quem non longinquitas temporis minuat, ac molliat. There is no grief which time does not lessen and soften. Civil Wars. Ep. iv. 9. Omnia sunt misera in bellis civilibus, sed miserius nihil, quam ipsa victoria : quoe etiamsi ad meliores venit, tamen eos ipsos ferociores, impotentioresque reddit : ut, etiamsi nature tales non sint, necessitate esse cogantur ; multa enim victori eorum arbitrio, per quos vicit, etiam invito, facienda sunt. All civil wars abound with numberless calamities : but amidst its many miserable consequences, none is more justly to be dreaded 72 CICERO CICERO 73 r than victory itself. For though it should turn on the more meri- torious side, yet it will be apt to inspire even these with a spirit of insolence and cruelty : and if they should not be so by inclination, they at least will by necessity. For in many instances the victor must find himself constrained to comply with the will of those who assist him in his conquest. Changes Suited to Amuse. Ep. V. 12. Nihil est aptius ad dejectationem lectoris quam tem- porum varietates fortunseque vicissitudines. There is nothing more suited to amuse the reader than the changes to which we are subject and the vicissitudes of fortune. Nothing to be more Guarded against than Crime. Ep. vi. 1. Simus e^ mente, quam ratio, et virtus prsescribit, ut nihil in vit^ nobis pr8estandum,prseter culpam, putemus: e^ue cum careamus, omnia humana placate et moderate fera- mus. Let us be of that opinion, which reason and virtue dictate, that we have nothing to guard against in life except crime ; and when we are free from that, we may endure everything else with patience and moderation. Consolation under Adversity. Ep. vi. 4. Conscientiam rectse voluntatis, maximam consolationem esse rerum incommodarum : nee esse ullum magnum malum, prseter culpam. It is, indeed, the greatest consolation under adversity, to be con- scious of having always meant well, and to be persuaded that nothing but guilt deserves to be considered as a severe evil. Alleviation of Misfortune. Ep. vi. 6. Levat enim dolorem communis quasi Jegis, et human* conditionis recordatio. For to reflect on the misfortunes to which mankind in general are exposed, greatly contributes to alleviate the weight of those which we ourselves endure. Love sometimes Counterfeit. Ep. ix. 16. Non facile dijudicatur amor verus, et fictus, nisi aliquod incidat ejusmodi tempus, ut, quasi aurum igni, sic benevo- lentia fidelis periculo aliquo perspici possit : castera sunt signa communia. It must be confessed, at the same time, that a pretended affec- tion is not easily discernible from a real one, unless in seasons of distress. For adversity is to friendship what fire is to gold— the only infallible test to discover the genuine from the counterfeit. In all other circumstances they both bear the same common sig- liatures. Blunders. Ep. X. 20. Culpa enim ilia, his ad eundem^ vulgari reprehensa pro- verbio est. For to stumble twice against the same stone is a disgrace, you know, even to a proverb. The Menaces of any one are Impotent to the Free. Ep. xi. 3. Nulla enim minantis auctoritas apud liberos est. To the free and independent, the menaces of any man are per- fectly impotent. The Misery of the Vanquished in Civil Wars. Ep. xii. 18. Bellorum civilium hi semper exitus sunt, ut non ea solum fiant, quse velit victor, sed etiara, ut iis mos geren- Et toUens vacuum plus nimio Gloria verticem, Arcanique Fides prodiga, perlucidior vitro. Arouses self-love, by blindness misled, And vanity, lifting aloft the light head, And honour, of prodigal spirit, that sliows, Transparent as glass, all the secrets it knows. Innocence of Life. Od. i. 22. 1. Integer vitse scelerisque purus Non eget Mauri jaculis neque arcu, Nee venenatis gravida sagittis, Fusee, pharetra ; Sive per Syrtes iter sestuosas, Sive faeturus per inhospitalcm Caueasum, vel qua3 loea fabulosus Lambit Hydaspes. The man who knows not guilty fear, Nor wants the bow nor pointed spear; Nor needs, while innocent of heart, The quiver teeming with the poison'd dart, Whether through Libya's burning sands His journey leads, or Scythia's lands, Inhospitable waste of snows. Or where the fabulous Hydaspes flows. Description of Frigid and Torrid Zones. Od, i. 22. 17. . Pone me, pigris ubi nulla campis Arbor sestiva recreatur aura, Quod latus mundi nebulae malusque Jupiter urget ; Pone sub eurru nimium propinqui Solis, in terra domibus negata ; Dulee ridentem Lalagen amabo, Dulee loquentem. Place me where never summer breeze Unbinds the glebe or warms the trees ; Where ever-lowering clouds appear. And angry Jove deforms th' inclement year : Place me beneath the burning ray, Where rolls the rapid car of day ; Love and the nymph shall charm my toils. The nymph who sweetly speaks and sweetly smiles. HORATIUS 81 Grief for a Friend's Death. Od. 1. 24. 1. Quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus Tam cari eapitis ? Praecipe lugubres Cantus, Melpomene, cui liquidam pater Voeem cum eithara dedit. Ergo Quintilium perpetuus sopor Urget ! cui Pudor, et Justitia} soror Incorrupta Fides, nudaque Veritas Quando ullum inveniet parem ? Multis ille bouis flebilis oceidit ; Nulli flebilior quam tibi, Virgili. Wherefore restrain the tender tear ? Why blush to weep for one so dear ? Sweet Muse, of melting voice and lyre, Do thou the mournful song inspire. Quintilius sunk to endless rest, With death's eternal sleep opprest ! Oh ! when shall Faith, of soul sincere, Of Justice pure the sister fair. And Modesty, imspotted maid. And Truth in artless guise array'd, Among the race of liuman kmd An equal to Quintilius find ? How did the good, the virtuous mourn, And pour their sorrows o'er his urn ! But, Virgil, thine the loudest strain ; Yet all thy pious grief is vain. Patience. Od. i. 24. 19. Durum, sed levius fit patientid, Quicquid corrigere est nefas. 'Tis hard : but patience must endure. And soothe the woes it cannot cure. A Poet's Freedom from Care. Od. i. 26. 1. Musis amicus, tristitiam et metus Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare ventis. While in the Muse's friendship blest, Nor fear nor grief shall break my rest ; Bear them, ye vagrant winds, away, And drown them in the Cretan sea. F ^B i»*iJ!*^^ ' iti,',Ti'im 82 HORATIUS I A Poet's Fame. Od. i. 26. 9. Nil sine te mei Possunt honores. Without thee nothing can my honours do. Dangers of Love. Od. i. 27. 19. Quanta laboras in Charybdi ! Unhappy youth ! how art thou lost, In what a sea of troubles tost ! , Prayer for Health and Soundness of Mind. Od. i. 31. 17. Frui paratis et valido mihi, Latoe, dones, et precor integra Cum mente ; nee turpem senectam Degere, nee cithara carentem. Nor ask I more than sense and health Still to enjoy my present wealth. From age and all its weakness free, O son of Jove, preserved by thee. Give me to strike the tuneful lyre. And thou my latest song inspire. Apollo's Lyre. Od. i. 32. 14. Grata testudo Jovis, o laborum Dulce lenimen ! Charming shell, Apollo's love, How grateful to the feasts of Jove ! Hear thy poet's solemn prayer, Thou soft'ner of each anxious care. The Changes of Life. Od. i. 34. 12. Valet ima summis Mutare, et insignem attenuat deus, Obscura promeus : bine apicem rapax Fortuna cum stridore acuto Sustulit ; bic posuisse gaudet. HORATIUS 83 The hand of Jove can crush the proud Down to the meanest of the crowd. And raise the lowest in his stead ; But rapid Fortune pulls him down, And snatches his imperial crown To place, not fix it, on another's head. Fortune "Worshipped by All. Od. i. 35. 9. To Dacus asper, te profugi Scythae, Urbesque, gentesque, et Latium ferox, llegumque matres barbarorum, et Purpurei metuunt tyranni, Injurioso ne pede proruas Stantem columnam, neu populus frequens Ad arma cessantes, ad arma Concitet, imperiumque frangat. Te semper anteit serva Necessitas, Clavos trabales et cuneos manu Gestans sen^ ; nee severus Uncus abest, liquidumque plumbum. Thee the rough Dacian, thee the vagrant band Of field-bom Scythians, Latium's warlike land, Cities and nations, mother-queens revere. And purple tyranny beholds with fear. Nor in thy rage with foot destructive spurn This standing pillar, and its strength o'ertum ; Nor let the nations rise in bold uproar, And civil war, to break th' imperial power. With solemn pace and firm, in awful state Before thee stalks inexorable Fate, And grasps empaling nails, and wedges dread, The hook tormentous, and the melted lead. Summer Friends. Od. i. 35. 25. At vulgus infidum, et meretrix retro Perjura cedit : difFugiunt, cadis Cum faece siccatis, amici, Ferre jugum pariter dolosi. Not such the crowd of light companions prove. Nor the false mistress of a wanton love. Faithless who wait the lowest dregs to drain, Nor friendship's equal yoke with strength sustain. 'fjIPp-' 84 HORATIUS HORATIUS 85 The Wickedness of Mankind. Od. i. 35. 34. Quid nos dura refugimus ^tas ? quid intactum nefasti Liquiinus ? What crimes have we, an iron age, not dared? In terror of the gods what altar spared ? The Last Rose of Summer. Od. i. 38. 3. Mitte sectari, rosa quo locorum Sera moretur. Then search not where the curious rose Beyond his season loitering giows. Danger of giving Offence in Writing Contemporary History. Od. ii. 1. 6. Periculosse plenum opus alecc, Tractas ; et incedis per ignes Suppositos cineri doloso. (A labour vast ! Doubtful the die, and dire the cast !) You treat adventurous, and incautious tread On fires with faithless embers overspread. A Great Advocate. Od. ii. 1. 13. Insigne mcestis prsesidium reis, Et consulenti, Pollio, curiae. O Pollio, thou the greatest defence Of sad, impleaded innocence. On whom, to weigh the grand debate. In deep consult the fathers wait. Character of Cato. Od. ii. 1. 23. Et cuncta terrarum subacta, Prseter atrocem animum Catonis. And all the world in chains, but Cato see Of spirit unsubdued, and dying to be free. Avarice Reproved. Od. ii. 2. 1. Nullus argento color est avaris Abdito terris, inimice lamna3 Crispe Sallusti, nisi temperato Splendeat usu. Gold hath no lustre of its own. It shines by temperate use alone ; And when in earth it hoarded lies, My Sallust can the mass despise. Moderation. Od. ii. 2. 6. Notus in fratres animi paterni : Ilium aget penna metuente solvi Fama superstes. Latins regiies avidum domando Spiritum, quam si Libyam remotis Gadibus jungas, et uterque Poenus Serviat uni. Crescit indulgens sibi dims hydrops, Nee sitim pellit, nisi causa morbi Fugerit venis, et aquosus albo Corpore languor. With never-failing whig shall Fame To latest ages bear the name Of Proculeius, who could prove A father, in a brother's love. By virtue's precepts to control The furious passions of the soul Is over wider realms to reign, Unenvied monarch, than if Spain You could to distant Libya join. And both the Carthages were thine. The dropsy, by indulgence nursed, Pursues us with increasing thirst. Till art expels the cause, and drains The watery languor from our veins. VlRTlTE. Od. ii. 2. 19. Populumque falsis Dedocet uti vocibus. 86 HORATIUS HORAT!US 87 I i I But Virtue can the crowd unteach Their false, mistaken forms of speech. Equanimity Recommended. Od. ii. 3. 1. iEquam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, non secus in bonis Ab insolenti temperatam Laetitia, moriture Delli. In adverse hours an equal mind maintain. Nor let your spirit rise too high, Though Fortune kindly change the scene- Remember, Dellius, you were born to die. Enjoy the Present Hour. Od. ii. 3. 9. Qua pinus ingens albaque populus Umbram hospitalem consociare amant Ramis, et obliquo laborat Lympba fugax trepidare rivo : Hue vina et unguenta et nimium breves Flores amoense ferre jube rosse, Dum res et setas et sororum Fila trium patiuntur atra. Where the pale poplar and the pine Expel the sun's intemperate beam, In hospitable shades their branches twine And winds with toil, though swift, the tremulous Here pour your wines, your odours shed ; [stream. Bring forth the rose, short-lived flower, "While fate yet spins thy mortal thread. While youth and fortune give the indulgent hour. The Grave. Od, ii. 3. 24. Victima nil miserantis Orci. Omnes eodem cogimur : omnium Versatur urna serius ocyus Sors exitura, et nos in seter- num exsilium impositura cymbae. No pity for his victim Pluto knows. We all must tread the paths of Fate ; And ever shakes the mortal urn. Whose lot embarks us, soon or late. On Charon's boat, ah ! never to return. Beauties of Southern Italy. Od. ii. 6 13. Hie terrarum mihi prseter omnes Angulus ridet, ubi non Hymetto Mella decedunt, viridique certat Bacca Venafro : Ver ubi longum tepidasquo prsebet Jupiter brumas, et amicus Anion Fertili Baccho minimum Falernis Invidet uvis. No spot so joyous smiles to me Of this wide globe's extended shores ; Where nor the labours of the bee Yield to Hymettus golden stores, Nor the green berry of Venafran soil Swells with a riper flood of fragrant oil. There Jove his kindest gifts bestows. There joys to crown the fertile plains ; With genial warmth the winter glows. And spring with lengthen'd honours reigns, Nor Anion, friendly to the clustering vine, Envies the vintage of Falernian wine. Joy at the Return of a Friend. Od. ii. 7. 28. Recepto Dulce mihi furere est amico. Our transports for a friend restored Should even to madness shake the board. Safety of a Humble Life. Od. ii. 10. 1. Rectius vives, Licini, neque altum Semper urgendo ; neque, dum procellas Cautus horrescis, nimium premeudo Littus iniquum. Auream quisquis mediocritatem Diligit, tutus caret obsoleti Sordibus tecti, caret invidend^ Sobrius aulS,. Saepius ventis agitatur ingens 88 HORATIUS Pinus ; et celsae graviore casu Decidunt turres ; feriuntque summos Fulgura monies. Sperat infestis, metuit secimdis, Alteram sortem bene prseparatum Pectus. Informes hiemes reducit Jupiter, idem Summovet. Non, si male nunc, et olim Sic erit. Quondam cithara tacentem Suscitat Musam, neque semper arcum Tendit Apollo. Kebus angustis animosus atque Fortis appare ; sapienter idem Contrahes vento nimium secundo Turgida vela. Licinius, would you live with ease, Tempt uot too far the faithless seas, And when you hear the tempest roar, Press not too near th' unequal shore. The man, within the golden mean Who can his boldest wish contain. Securely views the ruin'd cell. Where sordid want and sorrow dwell, And, in himself serenely great. Declines an envied room of state. When high in air the pine ascends. To every ruder blast it bends. The palace falls with heavier weight. When tumbling from its airy height ; And when from heaven the lightning flies, It blasts the hills that proudest rise. Whoe'er enjoys the untroubled breast, With virtue's tranquil wisdom blest. With hope the gloomy hour can cheer, And temper happiness with fear. If Jove the winter's horrors bring, Yet Jove restores the genial spring. Then let us not of Fate complain, For soon shall change the gloomy scene. Apollo sometimes can inspire The silent Muse, and wake the lyre : The deathful bow not always plies, Th' unending dart not alwaj's flies. When Fortune, various goddess, lowers, Collect your strength, exert your powers ; But when she breathes a kinder gale. Be wise, and furl your swelling sail. HORATIUS 89 Enjoy the Present. Od. ii. 11. 4. Nee trepides in usum Poscentis sevi pauca. Fugit retro Levis juventas, et decor, arida Pellente lascivos amores Canitie, facilemque somnum. Non semper idem floribus est honor Yernis ; neque uno Luna rubens nitet Vultu : quid seternis minorem Consiliis animum fatigas ? Tremble not with vain desires. Few the things which life requires. Youth with rapid swiftness flies. Beauty's lustre quickly dies : Wither'd age drives far away Gentle sleep and amorous play. When in vernal bloom they glow. Flowers their gayest honours show. Nor the moon with equal grace Always lifts her ruddy face. Thus while nature's works decay. Busy mortal, prithee stay ! Why do you fatigue the mind Not for endless schemes design'd ? Dangeks of Life. Od. ii. 13. 13. Quid quisque vitet, nunquam homiui satis Cautum est, in horas. While dangers hourly round us wait, No caution can prevent our fate. Death. Od. ii. 14. 1. Eheu fugaces, Postume, Postume, Labuntur anni ; nee pietas moram Rugis et instanti senectae Afferet, indomitseque morti. How swiftly glide our flying years ! Alas ! nor piety nor tears Can stop the fleeting day ; Deep-furrow'd wrinkles, posting age. And death's unconquerable rage. Are strangers to delay. ^lyimm'::- 90 HORATIUS HORATIUS 91 Death. Od. ii. 14. 21. Linquenda tellus, et domus, et placens Uxor ; neque harum, quas colis, arborum Te, praeter in visas cupressos, UUa brevem dominum sequetur. Your pleasing consort must be left, And you, of villas, lands, bereft, Must to the shades descend ; The cypress only, hated tree ! Of all thy much-loved groves, shall thee, Its short-lived lord, attend. A Peaceful Life. Od. ii. 16. 1. Otium divos rogat in patenti Prensus iEgseo, simul atra nubes Condidit lunam, neque certa fulgent Sid era nautis ; Otium bello furiosa Thrace, Otium Medi pharetr^ decori, Grosphe, non gemmis neque purpura ve- nale nee auro. Non enim gazse neque consularis Submovet lictor miseros tumultus Mentis, et curas laqueata circum Tecta volantes. Caught in the wild Mg2d2ia. seas, The sailor bends to heaven for ease, While clouds the moon's fair lustre hide. And not a star his course to guide. Furious in war the Thracian prays. The quiver'd Mede, for ease, for ease, A blessing never to be sold For gems, for purple, or for gold. Nor can the consul's power control The sickly tumults of the soul. Or bid the cares to stand aloof That hover round the vaulted roof. Care. Od. ii. 16. 17. Quid brevi fortes jaculamur sevo Multa ? quid terras alio calentes Sole mutamus ? patrise quis exsul Se quoque f ugit ? Scandit aeratas vitiosa naves Cura ; nee turmas equitum relinquit, Ocior cervis, et agente nimbos Ocior Euro. Lsetus in prsesens animus, quod ultra est, Oderit curare, et amara lento Temperet risu. Nihil est ab omni Parte beatum. Why do we aim with eager strife At things beyond the mark of life ? To climates warm'd by other suns In vain the wretched exile runs ; Flies from his country's native skies, But never from himself he flies ; Corroding cares incessant charge His flight, and climb his armed barge ; Or though he mount the rapid steed, Care follows with unerring speed, Far fleeter than the timorous hind, Far fleeter than the driving wind. The spirit that, serenely gay, Careless enjoys the present day. Can with an easy, cheerful smile The bitterness of life beguile ; Nor fears the approaching hour of fate. Nor hopes for human bless complete. Man Lives Careless of the Future. Ofl?. ii.18.11. Nihil supra Deos lacesso, nee potentem amicum Largiora flagito, Satis beatus unicis Sabinis. Truditur dies die, Novseque pergunt interire Lunse : Tu secanda marmora Locas sub ipsum funus, et, sepulcri Immemor, struis domos. My patron's gift, my Sabine field. Shall all its rural plenty yield, And, happy in that rural store. Of heaven and him I ask no more. Day presses on the heels of day. And moons increase to their decay : 92 HORATIUS But you witli thoughtless pride elate, Unconscious of impending fate, Command the vaulted dome to rise, When lo ! thy tomb forgotten lies. The Grave. Od. ii. 18. 32. ^qua telliis Paiiperi recluditur, Regumque pueris. For earth impartial entertains Her various sons, and in her breast Princes and beggars equal rest. Hatred of the Vulgar. Od. iii. 1. 1. Odi profanum vulgus et arceo : Favete Unguis. I hate the utileamed, vulgar crew : Be silent. Fate. Od. iii. 1. 14. ^qua lege Necessitas Sortitur insignes et imos ; Omne capax movet urna nomen. Yet with impartial hand shall Fate Both of the lowly and the great Shake the capacious urn. Sleep. Od. iii. 1. 21. Somnus agrestium Lenis virorum non humiles domos Fastidit, umbrosamque ripam. Heart-soothing sleep, which not disdains The rural cot, and humble swains, And shady river fair. Cares of Life. Od. iii. 1. 37. Timor et Minse Scandunt eodem quo dominus ; neque HORATIUS 93 Decedit seratS, triremi, et Post equitem sedet atra Cura. High though his structures rise in air, Pale menaces and black despair This haughty lord shall find, O'ertake his armed galley's speed, And when he mounts the flying steed, Sits gloomy Care behind. Death for One's Country. Od. iii. 2. 13. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori ; Mors et fugacem persequitur virum, Nee parcit imbellis juventae Poplitibus timidove tergo. Virtus, repulsse nescia sordidse, Intaminatis fulget honoribus : Nee sumit aut ponit secures Arbiti'io popularis aura). Virtus, recludeus immeritis mori Caelum, negata tentat iter via ; Coctusque vulgares et udam Spernit humum fugiente pennd. Wliat joys, what glories round him wait, "Who bravely for his country dies ! Wliile with dishonest wounds'shall Fate Relentless stab the coward as he flies. With stainless lustre Virtue shines, A base repulse nor knows, nor fears ; Nor claims her honours, nor declines. As the light air of clouds uncertain veers : To him who not deserves to die She shows the paths which heroes trod. Then bids him boldly tempt the sky. Spurn off his mortal clay, and ris'e a god. The "Wicked. Od. iii. 2. 29. Ssepe Diespiter Neglectus incesto addidit integrum Raro antecedentum scelestum Deseruit pede Poena claudo. 94 HORATIUS HORATIUS 95 f When Jove in anger strikes the blow, Oft with the bad the righteous bleed : Yet with sure steps, though lame and siow,^ Vengeance o'ertakes the trembling villaizi's speed. The Just Man. Od. iii. 3. 1. Justum et tenacem propositi virum Non civium ardor prava jubentium, Noil viiltus instantis tyranni IMente qiiatit solids, neque Auster Dux inquieti turbidus Adrise, Nee fulminantis magna Jovis manus : Si fraetus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinse. Tlie man, in conscious virtue bold, Who dares his secret purpose hold. Unshaken hears the crowd's tumultuous cries, And the impetuous tyrant's angry brow defies. Let the wild winds, that rule the seas Tempestuous, all their horrors raise ; Let Jove's dread arm with thunders rend the spheres, Beneath the crush of worlds undaunted he appears. The Gods reward the Righteous. Od. iii. 4. 65. Vis consill expers mole riiit sua : Vim temperatam dt quoque provehunt In majus : Idem odere vires Omne nefas animo moventes. ni-counsell'd force, by its own native weight, Precipitately falls ; with happier fate While the good gods upraise the just design, And bold unhallow'd schemes pursue with wrath divine. Cowardice. Od. iii. 5. 27. Neque amissos colores Lana refert medicata fuco ; Nee vera virtus, cum semel excidit, Curat reponi deterioribus. Si pugnat extricata densis Cerva plagis, erit ille fortis, Qui perfidis se credidit hostibus. When the fair fleece imbibes the dyer's stain, Its native colour lost it never shall regain. And valour, failing in the soldier's breast. Scorns to resume what cowardice possess'd. When from toils escaped the hind shall turn Fierce on her hunters, he the prostrate foe may spurn In second fight, who felt the fetters bind His arms enslaved ; who tamely hath resign'd His sword unstain'd with blood ; who might have died. Yet on a faithless foe, with abject soul, relied. Evils of Life. Od. iii. 6. 19. Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit. From whence the woes, That various and unnumber'd rose From this polluted fountam-head. O'er Rome and o'er the nations spread. Mankind become more Degenerate. Od. iii. 6. 45. Damnosa quid non imminuit dies ? ^tas parentum, pejor avis, tulit Nos nequiores, mox daturos Progeniem vitiosiorem. What feels not Time's consuming rage ? More vicious than their fathers' age" Our sires begot the present race. Of manners impious, bold and base ; And yet, with crimes to us unknown, Our sons shall mark the coming age their own. Enjoy the Present. Od. iii. 8. 27. Dona prsDsentis cape laetus horae, ac Linque severa. Be not too anxious then with private cares. But seize the gifts the present moment brings, Those fleeting gifts, and leave severer things. - .™& 'ij^if * ^rfB» ■^11'vfflf ""ffilWn niTii iiiiniinijiii fe«?' 96 HORATIUS HORATIUS 97 A Noble Yikgin. Od. iii. 11. 35. Splendide mendax, et in omne virgo Nobilis cevum. And nobly meriting a deathless name, Of many, one untainted maid, Gloriously false, her perjured sire betray'd. Passions of Youth. Od, iii. 14. 27. Non ego hoc ferrem, calidus juvent^, Consule Planco. Such treatment Horace would not bear, When warm with youth, when Plancus fiU'd the consul's chair. Power of Gold. Od. iii. 16. 9. Aurum per medios ire satellites, Et perrumpere amat saxa, potentius Ictii fulmineo. Stronger than thunder's winged force All-powerful gold can speed its course. Through watchful guards its passage make, And loves through solid walls to break. AVAEICE. Od. iii. 16. 17. Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam, Majorumque fames. Yet anxious care, and thirst of more, Attend the still-increasing store. Advantages of Moderation. Od. iii. 16. 21. Quanto qiiisque sibi plura negaverit, A dis plura feret. The more we to ourselves deny, The more the gods our wants supply. A.VARICE. Od. iii. 16. 42. Multa petentibus Desunt multa. Bene est, cui deus obtulit Parca, quod satis est, manu. For sure the state of man is such, They greatly want who covet much : Then happy he whom Heaven has fed With frugal but sufficient bread. Pleasures of Life. Od. iii. 19. 21. Parcentes ego dexteras Odi : sparge rosas. I hate all the slaves who are sparing of labour : Give us roses abundant. Cato's Character. Od. iii. 21. 11. Narratur et prisci Catonis Ssepe mero caluisse virtus. For of old Cato's virtue, we are told, Often with a bumper gloVd, And with social raptures flow*d. Purity of Life. Od. iii. 23. 17. Immunis aram si tetigit manus, Non sumtuosd blandior hosti^ Mollivit aversos Penates Farre pio et saliente mic4. A grateful cake, when on the hallow'd shrine Offer'd by hands that know no guilty stain, Shall reconcile th' offended powers divine, When bleeds the pompous hecatomb in vain. Woman's Dowry. Od. iii. 24. 21. Dos est magna parentium Virtus, et metuens alterius viri G j^-'v^vr^^is 98 HORATIUS HORATIUS 99 Certo foedere castitas, Et peccare nefas, aut pretium emori. O quisquis volet impias Csedes et rabiem toUere civicam ; Si quseret pater urbium Subscribi statuis, indomitam audeat Kefrenare licentiam, Clarus postgenitis. The lovers there for dowry claim The father's virtue and the mother's fame, That dare not break the nuptial tie, Polluted crime ! whose portion is to die. O that some patriot, wise and good, Would stop this impious tliirst of civil blood, And joy on statues to behold His name, the Father of the State, enroll'd ! Oh ! let him quell our spreading shame. And live to latest times an honour'd name. Living Merit. Od. iii. 24. 31. Virtutem incolumem odimus, Sublatam ex oculis quserimus, invidi. Though living Yirtue we despise. We follow her, when dead, with envious eyes. Moral Virtues. Od. iii. 24. 35. Quid leges, sine moribus Vanse, proficiunt. And what are laws, unless obey'd By the same moral virtues they were made. Poverty. Od. iii. 24. 42. Magnum pauperies opprobrium jubet Quidvis et facere et pati, Virtutisque viam deserit arduse ? If want, ah, dire disgrace ! we fear. From thence with vigour act, with patience bear. While Virtue's paths untrodden lie. Those paths that lead us upwards to the sky ! The Educa'ion of the Youkg. Od. iii. 24. 51. Eradenda cupidinis Pravi sunt elementa ; et tenerse nimis Mentes asperioribus Formandte studiis. If you indeed your crimes detest. Tear forth, uprooted from the youthful breast, The seeds of each depraved desire, While manly toils a firmer soul inspire. The Miser. Od. iii. 24. 62. Scilicet improbae Crescunt divitise, tamen Curtae nescio quid semper abest rei. But, while in heaps his wicked wealth ascends. He is not of his wish possest, There 's something wanting still to make him blest. The Noise and Crowds of a City. Od. iii. 29. 12. Omitte mirari beatse Fumum et opes strepitumque Romse. From Rome and its tumultuous joys. Its crowds, and smoke, and opulence, and noise. Frugal Sutpers. Od. iii. 29. 14. Plerumque gratoe divitibus vices ; Mundseque parvo sub lare pauperum Coense, sine aulseis et ostro, SoUicitam explicuere frontem. Where health-preserving plainness dwells. Nor sleeps upon the Tyrian dye. To frugal treats, and humble cells, With grateful change the wealthy fly. Such scenes have charm'd the pangs of care, And smooth'd the clouded forehead of despair. 100 HORATIUS HORATIUS 101 M The Future. Od. iii. 29. 29. Prudens futuri temporis exitum Caliginos^ nocte premit deus ; Bidetque, si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat. Quod adest, memento Componere sequus : csetera fluminis Kitu feruntur. But Jove, in goodness ever wise, Hath hid, in clouds of depthless night, All that in future prospect lies, Beyond the ken of mortal sight. And laughs to see vain man opprest With idle fears, and more than man distrest. Then wisely form the present hour ; Enjoy the bliss that it bestows ; The rest is all beyond our power, And like the changeful Tiber flows. We Cannot be Deprived of Fast Enjoyment. Od. iii. 29. 41. Ille potens sui Lsetusque deget, cui licet in diem Dixisse, Vixi : eras vel atra Nube polum Pater occupato, Yel sole puro : non tamen irritura, Quodcunque retro est, efficiet ; neque Diffinget, infectumque reddet, Quod fugiens semel hora vexit. Fortuna, ssevo Iseta negotio, et. Ludum insolentem ludere pertinax, Transmutat incertos honores, Nunc mihi, nunc alii benigna. Happy the man, and he alone. Who master of himself can say. To-day at least hath been my own, For I have clearly lived to-day : Then let to-morrows clouds arise. Or purer suns o'erspread the cheerful skies. Not Jove himself can now make void The joy, that wing'd the flying hour ; The certain blessing once enjoy'd. Is safe beyond the godhead's power ; Nought can recall ;he acted scene — What hath been, spite of Jove himself, hath been. But fortune, ever-changing dame, Indulges her malicious joy. And constant plays her haughty game, Proud of her office to destroy ; To-day to me her bounty flows. And now to others she the bliss bestows. I WRAP MYSELF IN MY OWN INTEGRITY. Od. iii. 29. 53. Laudo manentem : si celeres quatit Pennas, resigno quae dedit, et me^ Virtute me involvo, probamque Pauperiem sine dote quaero. I can applaud her while she stays. But if she shake her rapid wings, I can resign with careless ease The richest gifts her favour brings, Then folded lie in virtue's arras. And honest poverty's undower'd charms. The Poet Immortal. Od. iii. 30. 1. Exegi monumentum aere perennius, Regalique situ pyramidum altius ; Quod non imber edax, non Aquilo impotens Possit diruere, aut innumerabilis Annorum series, et fuga temporum. More durable than brass the frame Which here I consecrate to fame ; Higher than pyramids that rise, With royal pride, to brave the skies ; Nor years, though numberless the train, Nor flight of seasons, wasting rain. Nor winds, that loud in tempests break, ShaU e'er its firm foundation shake. Pride. Od. iii. 30. 14. Sume superbiam Quaesitam meritis. Assume the pride won by your deserts. ■^B*»x»/»^^tVi.,Mta 102 HORATIUS iffiH ■ Increasing Age. Od. iv. 1. 3. Non sum qualis eram bonse Sub regno CintTse. I am no more, alas ! the swain T was in Cynara's indulgent reign. Good Education. Od. iv. 4. 33. Doctrina sed vim promovet insitam, Rectique cultus pectora roborant : Utcunque defecere mores, Indecorant bene nata culpse. Yet sage instructions, to refine the soul And raise the genius, wondrous aid impart, Conveying, inward as they roll, Strength to the mind, and vigour to the heart When morals fail, the stains of vice disgrace The fairest honours, and the noblest race. Unyielding. Od. iv. 4. 65. Merses profundo, pulchrior evenit : Luctere, multa proruet integrum Cum laude victorem, geretque Proelia conjugibus loquenda. In ocean plunge them, they emerge more bright ; At arms oppose them in the dusty field, With routed squadrons they renew the fight, And force your yet unbroken troops to yield, And battles wage, to be the future boast Of their proud consorts o'er our vanquish'd host. Loss OF Fortune. Od. iv. 4. 70. Occidit, occidit Spes omnis, et fortuna nostri Nominis. My boundless hopes, alas ! are at an end, With all the flowing fortune of our name : Those boundless hopes, that flowing fortune, all Are dash'd, and buried in my brother's fall. utTiWI* pWhiWIW HORATIUS 103 Longing for a Friend's Return. Od. iv. 6. 15. Sic desideriis icta fidelibus Quserit patria Caesarem. Smit with as faithful and as fond desires, Impatient Rome her absent lord requires. Crime Followed by Punishment. Od. iv. 5. 24. Culpam Poena premit comes. And to the guilt thy punishments succeed. The Pleasures of Peace. Od. iv. 5. 29. Condit quisque diem collibus in suis, Et vitem viduas ducit ad arbores. Safe in his vineyard toils the hind, Weds to the widow'd elm his vine, Till the sun sets his hill behind. Uncertainty of Life. Od. iv. 7. 17. Quis scit, an adjiciant hodiernas crastina summae Tempora Di superi ? Who knows that Heaven, with ever-bounteous power, Shall add to-morrow to the present hour 1 A Poet's Power. Od. iv. 8. 20. Neque Si chartse sileant, quod bene feceris, Mercedem tuleris. And should the bard his aid deny, Thy worth shall unrewarded die. The Poet. Od. iv. 8. 28. Dignum laude virum Musa vetat mori : Coelo Musa beat. The Muse forbids the brave to die. The Muse enthrones him in the sky. 1 1 ■■siH'iR-' 104 HORATIUS HORATIUS 105 The Poet's Power. Od. iv. 9. 25. Vixere fortes ante Agamemnona Multi ; sed omnes illacrymabiles Urgentur ignotique long^ Nocte, carent quia vate sacro. Paulum sepultse distat inertise Celata virtus. Before great Agamemnon reign'd, Reign'd kings as great as lie, and brave, Whose huge ambition 's now contain'd In the small compass of a grave ; In endless night they sleep, unwept, unknown, No bard had they to make all time their own. In earth if it forgotten lies, What is the valour of the brave ? What difference, when the coward dies, And sinks in silence to the grave ? The Happy Man. Od. iv. 9. 45. Non possidentem multa vocaveris Kecte beatum ; rectius occupat Nomen beati, qui deorum Muneribus sapienter uti, Duramque callet pauperiem pati, Pejusque leto flagitium timet ; Non ille pro caris amicis Aut patria timidus perire. Not he, of wealth immense possest, Tasteless who piles his massy gold, Among the number of the blest Should have his glorious name enroll'd ; He better claims the glorious name, who knows With wisdom to enjoy what Heaven bestows : Who knows the wrongs of want to bear, Even in its lowest, last extreme ; Yet can with conscious virtue fear, Far worse than death, a deed of shame ; Undaunted, for his country or his friend. To sacrifice his life — O glorious end ! Wine. Od. iv. 12. 19. Spes donare novas largus, amaraque Curarum eluere efficax. Big with large hopes shall flow th* inspiring juice, Powerful to soothe our griefs, and raise our joys. Enjoy the Present. Od. iv. 12. 25. Verum pone moras, et studium lucri ; Nigrorumque memor, dum licet, ignium, Misce stultitiam consiliis brevem : Dulce est desipere in loco. Think on the gloomy pile's funereal flames. And be no more with sordid lucre blind ; Mix a short folly with thy labour'd schemes ; 'Tis joyous foUy that unbends the mind. Fear. Epod. i. 17. Comes minore sum futurus in metu, Qui major absentes habet. The danger lessens when the friend is near. The Inhabitant of the Country. Epod. ii. 1. Beatus ille, qui procul negotiis, Ut prisca gens mortalium, Paterna rura bubus exercet suis, Solutus omni focnore ; Neque excitatur classico miles truci, Neque horret iratum mare ; Forumque vitat, et superba civium Potentiorum limina. Like the fi.rst mortals blest is he, From debts, and usury, and business free. With his own team who ploughs the soil, Which grateful once confess'd his father's toil. The sounds of war nor break his sleep, Nor the rough storm, that harrows up the deep ; He shuns the courtier's haughty doors. And the loud science of the bar abjures. 106 HORATIUS 1 1 A Scoundrel. Bpod. iv. 5. Licet superbus ambules pecuni^, Fortuna non mutat genus. Though wealth thy native insolence inflame, A scoundrel ever is the same. Enjoy the Present. Bpod. xiii. 3. Kapiamus, amici, Occasionem de die ; dumque virent genua, Et decet, obducta solvatur f rente senectus. Tu vina Torquato move consule pressa meo. Csetera mitte loqui : deus hsec fortasse benigna Reducet in sedem vice. Let us, while it 's in our power, Let us seize the fleeting hour : "While our cheeks are fresh and gay, Let us drive old age awav ; Let us smooth its gather d brows, Youth its hour of mirth allows. Bring us down the mellow'd wine, Rich with years that equal mine : Prithee, talk no more of sorrow. To the gods belongs to-morrow, And, perhaps, with gracious power They may change the gloomy hour. The Discontent of Mankind. iSat. i. 1. 1. Qui fit, Msecenas, ut nemo, quam sibi sortem Seu ratio dederit, seu fors objecerit, ill§, Contentus vivat ; laudet diversa sequentes? Maecenas, what 's the cause that no man lives Contented Avith the lot which Reason gives. Or Chance presents ; yet all with envy view The schemes that others variously pursue ? Death or Victory. JSat. 1. 1. 8. Militia est potior : quid enim ? concurritur : hor36 Momento cita mors venit, aut victoria Iseta. The battle joins, and in a moment's flight. Death, or a joyful conquest, ends the fight. HORATIUS lor The Inconsistency of Mankind. JSat. i. 1. 15. Si quis deus, En ego, dicat, Jam faciam, quod vultis : eris tu, qui modo miles, Mercator : tu, consultus modo, rusticus : hinc vos, Vos hinc mutatis discedite partibus. Eia, Quid statis ? Nolint. Atqui licet esse beat is. Quid causae est, merito quin illis Jupiter ambas Iratus buccas inflet ? neque se fore posthac Tam f acilem dicat, votis ut praebeat aurem ? Should some god proclaim, *' Your prayers are heard : You, soldier, to your seas ; You, lawyer, take that envied rustic's ease : Each to his several part — "What : ha ! not move Even to the bliss you wished ? " And shall not Jove Swell both his cheeks with anger, and forswear His weak indulgence to their future prayer ? Truth in Jest. JSat. i. 1. 25. Quanquam ridentem dicere verum Quid vetat ? Yet may not truth in laughing guise be drest ? Jesting Apart. JSat. i. 1. 27. Sed tamen amoto quseramus seria ludo. Let us now proceed ; With graver air our serious theme pursue, And yet preserve our moral full in view. The Ant. JSat. 1. 1. 32. Sicut Parvula (nam exemplo est) magni formica laboris Ore trahit, quodcunque potest, atque addit acervo, Quern struit, baud ignara ac non incauta futuri. For thus the little ant (to human lore No mean example) forms her frugal store, Gather'd, with mighty toil, on every side, Nor ignorant, nor careless to provide For future want. 108 HORATIUS HORATIUS 109 l'\ The Miser. Sat. i. 1. 64. Ut quidam memoratur Athenis Sordidus ac dives, populi contemnere voces Sic solitus : Populus me sibilat ; at mihi plaudo Ipse domi, simul ac nummos contemplor in arc^. Tantalus a labris sitiens fugientia captat Flumina. Quid rides ? mutato nomine, de te Fabula narratur. Congestis undique saccis Indormis inhians, et tamquam parcere sacris Cogeris, aut pictis tanquam gaudere tabellis. Nescis quo valeat nummus ? quem prsebeat usum ? Panis ematur, olus, vini sextarius : adde, Queis humana sibi doleat natura negatis. At Athens lived a wight, in days of yore, Though miserably rich, yet fond of more, But of intrepid spirit to despise Th' abusive crowd. " Let them hiss on," he cries. *' While, in my own opinion fully blest, I count my money, and enjoy my chest." Burning with thirst, when Tantalus would quaff ' The flying waters — Wherefore do you laugh ? Change but the name, of thee the tale is told, With open mouth when dozing o'er your gold. On every side the numerous bags are piled, Whose hallow'd stores must never be defiled To human use ; while you transported gaze, As if, like pictures, they were form'd to please. Would you the real use of riches know ? Bread, herbs, and wine are all they can bestow : Or add, what nature's deepest wants supplies ; This, and no more, thy mass of money buys. May I BE POOR of such Blessings. Sat. i. 1. 78. Horum Semper ego optarim pauperrimus esse bonorum. If this be thy delight, Be it my fate, so Heaven in bounty please, Still to be poor of blessings such as these ! The Golden Mean. Sat. i. 1. 106. Est modus in rebus ; sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum. Some certain mean in all things may be found To mark our vii'tues, and our vices bound. All Mankind anxious to outstrip their Neighbours. Sat. i. 1. 114. Ut, cum carceribus missos rapit uugula currus, Instat equis auriga suos vincentibus, ilium Prseteritum temnens extremes inter euntem. Inde fit, ut raro, qui se vixisse beatum Dicat, et exacto contentus tempore vitse Cedat uti conviva satur, reperire queamus. Tlius, from the goal when swift the chariot flies, The charioteer the bending lash applies. To overtake the foremost on the plain. But looks on all behind him with disdain. From hence, how few, like sated guests, depart From life's full banquet with a cheerful heart ! Mote in our own Eye. Sat. i. 3. 25. Quum tua pervideas oculis male lippus inunctis, Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum Quam aut aquila aut serpens Epidaurius ? At tibi contra Evenit, inquirant vitia ut tua rursus et illi. For wherefore, while you carelessly pass by Your own worst vices with unheeding eye, Wliy so sharp-sighted in another's fame, Strong as an angel's ken, or dragon's beam ? But know, that he with equal spleen shall view, With equal rigour shall youi- faults pursue. An Uncouth Genius. Sat. i. 3. 29. Iracundior est paulo ? minus aptus acutis Naribus horum hominum ? rideri possit, eo quod Rusticius tonso toga defluit, et male laxus In pede calceus hseret ? At est bonus, ut melior vir Non alius quisquam : at tibi amicus : at ingenium ingeus luculto latet hoc sub corpore. Your friend is passionate, perhaps unfit For the brisk petulance of modern wit. ♦ His hair ill-cut, his robe that awkward flows, Or his large shoes, to raillery expose The man you love ; yet is he not possest - . ^ ...,?4, * i^'V^-'^::StiA 110 HORATIUS Of virtues with which very few are blest ? While underneath this rude, uncouth disguise A genius of extensive knowledge lies. A Neglected Field. Sat. i. 3. 36. Namque Neglectis urenda filix innascitur agris. For an uncultured field Shall for its fire its thorns and thistles yield. We Misrepresent the Virtues of our Friends. Sat. i. 3. 54. Hsec res et jungit, junctos et servat amicos. At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque Sincerum cupimus vas incrustare. Thus shall we gain new friends and keep the old. But we distort their virtue to a crime, And joy th' untainted vessel to begrime. All Loaded with Faults. Sat. i. 3. 67. Quam temere in nosmet legem sancimus iniquam ! Nam vitiis nemo sine nascitur : optimus ille est, Qui minimis urgetur. Alas ! what laws of how severe a strain, ^ Against ourselves we thoughtlessly ordain ! For we have all our vices, and the best Is he who with the fewest is opprest. Forgive our Debtors as we wish our Debts to be Forgiven. Sat. i. 3. 74. iEquum est, Peccatis veniam poscentem reddere rursus. It is only right that he who asks forgiveness for his offences, should be prepared to grant it to others. Social Good. Sat. i. 3. 91. Sensus moresque repugnant, Atque ipsa utilitas, justi prope mp^-'^r et sequi. HORATIUS 111 Sense, custom, social good, from whence arise All forms of right and wrong, the fact denies. The Poetaster. Sat. i. 4. 12. o ., ,. -^S®^ scribendi ferre laborem : Scribendi recte : nam, ut multum, nil moror. He prattled rhymes ; but lazy and unfit For writmg well ; for much, I own, he writ. The Wit spares not his Friexd. Sat. i. 4. 33. Fsenum habet in comu ; longe f uge : dummodo risum Mcutiat sibi, non hie cuiquam parcet amico : Et, quodcunque semel chartis illeverit, omnes Gestiet a furno redeuntes scire lacuque, Et pueros et anus. "Yonder he drives— avoid that furious beast ; If he may have his jest, he never cares At whose expense, nor his best friend he spares • And if he once, in his malignant vein, * The cruel paper with invectives stain, The slaves, who carry water through the street, To his charm d ear his verses must repeat." The Poet. Sat. i. 4. 40. Neque, si quis scribat, uti nos, bermoni propiora, putes hunc esse poetam. Ingenium cui sit, cui mens divinior, atque os Magna sonaturum, des nominis hujus honorem. Is there a man, whom real genius fires, Whom the diviner soul of verse inspires ; Who talks true greatness ; let him boldly claim The sacred honours of a poet's name. The Poet. Sat. i. 4. 62. Invenias etiam disjecti membra poetse. Tb^jscatter'd poet's limbs it shows. •^-..'.■■^-jf^^M 112 hr«aATius HORATIUS 113 The Slanderer. Sat. i. 4. 81. Absentem qui rodit amicum ; Qui non defendit, alio culpante ; solutos Qui captat risus hominum, famamque dicacis ; Fingere qui non visa potest ; commissa tacere Qui nequit ; hie niger est : hunc tu, Romane, caveto. He, who mahgnant tears an absent friend. Or, when attack'd by others, don't defend ; Who trivial bursts of laughter strives to raise, And courts of prating petulance the praise ; Of things he never saw who tells his tale, And friendship's secrets knows not to conceal, — This man is vile : here, Roman, fix your mark ; His soul is black, as his complexion's dark. Foolish Jesting. Sat. i. 4. 91. Ego, si risi, quod ineptus Pastilles Rufillus olet, Gorgonius hircum, Lividus ac mordax videor tibi ? But if in idle raillery I said, Eufillus with perfumes distracts my head, Wliile foul Gorgonius breathes a ranker air, You think me most envenom'd and severe. The Essence of Malignity. Sat. i. 4. 100. Hie nigrce suecus loliginis, haee est iErugo mera. Such rancour this, of such a poisonous vein, As never, never, shall my paper stain ; Much less infect my heart, if I may dare For my own heart, in anything, to swear. Woes of Another. Sat. i. 4. 126. Avidos vicinum funus ut segros Exanimat, mortisque metu sibi pareere cogit ; Sic teneros animos aliena opprobria ssepe Absterrent vitiis. A neighbour's funeral, with dire affright, Checks the rich man's intemperate appetite • So is the shame of others oft imprest ' With wholesome terrors on the youthful breast. Enough, and more than Enough. Sat. i. 5. 12. Ohe! Jam satis est. "Enough, you scoundrel." The Gentleman. Sat. i. 5. 32. 17 , -A.d unguem ± actus homo, Antoni, non ut magis alter, amicus. A man of worth approved, And no man more by Antony beloved. The Perfect Man. Sat. i. 5. 41. ^ ^ ,. Quales neque candidiores ierra tulit, neque quls me sit devinctior alter. Pure spirits these ; tlie world no purer knows • For none my heart with more affection glows. ' A Pleasant Friend. Sat. i. 5. 44. Nil ego contulerim jucmido sanus amico. For sure no blessing in the power of fate Can be compared, in sanity of mind, To friends of such companionable kind. Tell that to the I^Iartnes. Sat. i. 5. 100. Credat Judaeus Apella. The sons of circumcision may receive The wondrous tale, which I shall ne'er believe. The Folly of the Mob. Sat. l 6. 14. ^ Notante Judice, quo nosti, populo ; qui stultus honores , * '.•< -„S:S.zi - \i.M:»'^S^^''"' 114 HORATIUS HORATIUS 115 I Ssepe dat indignis, et famse servit ineptus ; Qui stupet in titulis et imaginibus. Quid oportet Nos f acere, a vulgo longe longeque remotos ? The people, who, you know, bestow the prize To men most wortliless, and, hke slaves to fame, With foolish reverence hail a titled name, And, rapt, with awe-struck admiration gaze, When the long race its images displays.^ Bnt how shall we, who differ far and wide From the mere vulgar, this great point decide i Fame. Sat. i. 6. 23. Sed f ulgente trahit constrictos Gloria curru Non minus ignotos generosis. Chain'd to her beamy car. Fame drags along The mean, the great, an undistmguish d throng. All must Labour. Sat. i. 9. 60. Nil sine magno - Vita labore dedit mortalibus. There's nothing gotten in this life Without a world of toil and strife ! Apollo Saved Me. Sat. i. 9. 78. Sic me servavit Apollo. And thus, amidst the noise and rabble, Apollo saved me in the squabble. Power op Bidicule. Sat. i. 10. 14. Ridiculum acri Fortius et melius magnas plerumque secat res. For ridicule shall frequently prevail, And cut the knot, when graver reasons fail. Blockheads. Sat. i. 10. 20. seri studiorum ! quine putetis Difficile et mirum, Bhodio quod Pitholeonti Contigit ? Blockheads ! who think it wonderful or hard. So oft perform'd by yonder Khodian bard. The Labours of Correction. Sat. i. 10. 72. Ssepe stilum vertas, iterum quae digna legi sint, Scripturus. Would you a reader's just esteem engage ? Correct with frequent care the blotted page. Am I TO BE Excited by the Attacks of Fools ? Sat. i. 10. 78. Men' moveat cimex Pantilius ? aut cruciet, quod Vellicet absentem Demetrius ? aut quod ineptus Fannius Hermogenis Ijcdat conviva Tigelli ? Say, shall that bug Pantilius move my spleen ? Shall I be tortured, when a wretch obscene. Or foolish Fannius, for a sordid treat With sweet Tigellius, shall my verses rate ? So MANY Men, so many Minds. Sat. ii. i. 27. Quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Millia. Tell me, Trebatius, are not all mankind To different pleasures, different whims inclined ? The Poet Fond of Peace. Sat. ii. 1. 42. O pater et rex Jupiter, ut pereat positum rubigine telum, Nee quisquam noceat cupido mihi pacis ! Dread King and Father of the mortal race, Behold me, harmless bard, how fond of peace ! And may all kinds of mischief-making steel In rust, eternal rust, thy vengeance feel ! Beware. Sat. ii. 1. 45. Melius non tangere, clamo. Better not touch me, friend, I loud exclaim. 116 HORATIUS HORATIUS 117 il The Poet not to be Attacked with Impunity. Sat. ii. 1. 77. Fragili qu^erens illidere dentem, OfFendet solido. And, if she dare attempt my honest fame, Shall break her teeth against my solid name. Frugality and IVIother Wit. Sat. ii. 2. 1. QuJB virtus et quanta, boni, sit vivere parvo, (Nee meus hie sermo est, sed quae prsecepit Ofellus Kusticus, abnormis sapiens, erassaque Minerva,) Discite. Wliat, and how great the virtue, friends, to live On what the gods with frugal bounty give, (Nor are they mine, but sage Ofellus' rules. Of mother-wit, and wise without the schools,) Come learn with me. False Appearances. Sat. ii. 2. 6. Acclinis falsis animus meliora reeusat. The mind intent upon false appearances Refuses to admit better things. A Bribed Judge. Sat. ii. 2. 8. Male verum examinat omnis Corruptus judex. 1 11 tell ye, friends, A judge, when bribed, but ill to truth attends. A Hungry Stomach. Sat. ii. 2. 38. Jejunus raro stomacbus vulgaria temnit. A hungry stomach rarely despises common food. Plain Diet. Sat. ii. 2. 70. Accipe nune, vietus tenuis quse quantaque secum Afferat. In primis valeas bene. Now mark what blessings flow From temperate meals : and first, they can bestow That prime of blessings — health. The Results of Intemperance. Sat. ii. 2. 76. Vides, ut pallidus omnis Coena desurgat dubia ] Quin corpus onustum Hesteniis vitiis animum quoque proegravat una, Atque affiigit humo divinse partieulam auroe. Behold how pale the sated guests arise From suppers, puzzled with varieties ! The body, too, with yesterday's excess Burthen'd and tired, shall the pure soul depress ; Weigh down this portion of celestial bii-th, This breath of God, and fix it to the earth. Advantages of Temperance. Sat. ii. 2. 84. Hie tamen ad melius poterit transeurrere quondam, Sive diem festum rediens advexerit annus. Sen recreare volet tenuatum eorpus ; ubique Aeeedent anni, et traetari mollius cetas Imbeeilla volet. Tibi quidnam accedet ad istam, Quam puer et validus proesumis, moUitiem ; seu Dura valetudo inciderit, seu tarda senectus ] Who down to sleep from a short supper lies, Can to the next day's business vigorous rise, Or jovial wander (when the circling year Brings back some festal day) to better cheer, Or wlien his wasted strength he would restore. When years approach, and age's feeble hour A softer treatment claims. But if in prime Of youth and health you take before your time The luxuries of life, where is their aid When age or sickness shall your strength invade ? Fame. Sat. ii. 2. 94. Das aliquid famse, qua) carmine gratior aureni Occupethumanam ? Do you the voice of Fame with pleasure hear ? (Sweeter than verse it charms the human ear.) VfSBPSr / 118 HORATIUS HORATIUS 119 The Use that might be Made of the Miser's Money. Sat. ii. 2. 103. Cur eget indignus quisquam, te divite 1 quare Templa ruunt antiqua deiim ? cur, improbe, carjx) Non aliquid patriae tanto emetiris acervo 1 XJni nimirum tibi recte semper erunt res 1 magnus posthac inimicis risus ! Why lives in deep distress A man unworthy to be poor, or why The temples of the gods in ruins lie ? Why not of such a massy treasure spare To thy dear country, wretch, a moderate share ? Shalt thou alone no change of fortune know? Thou future laughter to thy deadliest foe ! Nothing Certain. Sat. ii. 2. 129. Nam proprise telluris herum natura neque ilium, Nee me, nee quenquam, statuit. Nos expulit illc ; Ilium aut nequities, aut vafri iriscitia juris, Postremo expellet certe vivacior bseres. Nunc ager Umbreni sub nomine, nuper Ofelli Dictus, erit nulli proprius ; sed cedet in usum Nunc mihi, nunc alii : quocirca vivite fortes, Fortiaque adversis opponite pectora rebus. Nature will no perpetual heir assign, Or make the farm his property or mine. He turn'd us out : but follies all his own, Or law-suits, and their knaveries unknown, Or, all his follies and his law-suits past. Some long-lived heir shall turn him out at last. The farm, once mine, now bears Umbrenus' name, The use alone, not property we claim : Then be not with your present lot deprest. And meet the future with undaunted breast. Busy-bodies. Sat. ii. 3. 19. Aliena negotia euro, Excussus propriis. I attend to the business of other men, regardless of my own. Indolence. Sat. ii. 3. 14. Vitanda est improba Siren, Desidia : aut, quicquid vit^ meliore parasti, Ponendum sequo animo. Then learn the Siren Indolence to shun, Or poorly be content to lose the fame Which your past hours of better life might claim. All Wander from the Eight Path. Sat. ii. 3. 48. Velut sylvis, ubi passim Palantes error certo de tramite pellit, lUe sinistrorsum, hie dextrorsum abit ; unus utrique Error, sed variis illudit partibus. When in a wood we leave the certain way, One error fools us, though we various stray : Some to the left, some turn to t'other side. Power of Gold. Sat. ii. 3. 94. Omnis enim res, Virtus, fama, decus, divina humanaque, pulchris Divitiis parent. For virtue, glory, beauty, all divine And human powers, immortal gold ! are thine. Explaining one Difficulty by Another. Sat. ii. 3. 103. Nil agit exemplum, litem quod lite resolvit. By such examples truth can ne'er be tried : They but perplex the question, not decide. Twin Brothers. Sat. ii. 3. 243. Par nobile fratrum. A noble pair of brothers, twins, in truth. White or Black Day. Sat. ii. 3. 246. Cretd, an carbone notandi. Days to be marked with chalk or coal. La«>'?<«« '.i^jiitifc ■■>" 120 HORATIUS The Annoyances of Love. Sat. ii. 3. 267. In amore hsec sunt mala, bellum ; Pax rursum ; htec si quis, tempestatis prope ritu Mobilia, et cogcS, fluitantia sorte, laboret Reddere certa sibi, nihilo plus explicet, ac si Insanire paret certa ratione modoque. For peace and war succeed by turns in love ; And while tempestuous these emotions roll, And float with blind disorder in the soul, Who strives to fix them on one certain rule, May by right rule and reason play the fool. To add Fuel to the Flame. Sat. ii. 3. 275. Adde cruorem Stultitise, atque ignem gladio scrutare. Then add the murders of this fond desire, And with the sword provoke the madding fire. A Likeness. Sat. ii. 3. 320. Hsec a te non multum abludit imago. No idle image, Horace, of thy state. High Birth Nothing without Wealth. Sat. ii. 5. 8. Et genus et virtus, nisi cum re, vilior algd est. But high descent and meritorious deeds, Unblest with wealth, are viler than sea-weeds. To Live with the Great. Sat. ii. 6. 51. Nam te Scire, deos quoniam propius contingis, oportet. And says, "As you approach the gods. It is no mystery to you." HORATIUS 121 The Pleasures of a Country Life. Sat. ii. 6. 60. inis, quando ego te adspiciam ? quandoque licebit, Nunc veterum libris, nunc somno et inertibus horis, Ducere sollicita) jucunda oblivia vita? ? O quando faba Pythagorce cognata, simulque Uncta satis pingui ponentur oluscula lardo ? noctes coenoeque detim ! quibus ipse, meique, Ante larem proprium vescor, vernasquc procaces Pasco libatis dapibus. Prout cuique libido est, Siccat insequales calices conviva, solutus Legibus insanis : seu quis capit acria fortis Pocula, seu modicis uvescit Isetius. *' Wlien shall I see my sweet retreat? Oh ! when with books of sages deep, Sequester'd ease, and gentle sleep. In sweet oblivion, blissful balm ! The busy cares of life becalm ? Oh ! when shall I enrich my veins. Spite of Pythagoras, with beans ? Or live luxurious in my cottage. On bacon, ham, and savoury pottage ? O joyous nights ! delicious feasts ! At which the gods might be my guests." My friends and I regaled, my slaves Enjoy what their rich master leaves. There everj^ guest may drink and fill, As much, or little, as he will, Exempted from the bedlam-rules Of roaring prodigals and fools ; "Whether in merry mood or whim. He fills his bumper to the brim. Or, better pleased to let it pass. Grows mellow with a moderate glass. Enjoy the Present. Sat. ii. 6. 93. Carpe viam (mihi crede) comes, terrestria quando Mortales animas vivunt sortita, neque ulla est Aut magno aut parvo leti fuga : quo, bone, circa, Dum licet, in rebus jucundis vive beatus; Vive memor, quam sis sevi brevis. Since animals but draw their breath, And have no being after death ; Since nor the little nor the great 55jjfp^^y^S%f^ 122 HORATIUS HORATIUS 123 Can shun the rigour of their fate ; At least be merry while you may, The life of mice is but a day : Come then, my friend, to pleasure give The little life you havie to live. Changeableness of Human Nature. Sat. ii. 7. 6. Pars hominum vitiis gaudet constanter, et urget Propositum ; pars multa natat, modo recta capessens, Interdum pravis obnoxia. Among mankind, while some with steady view One constant course of darling vice pursue, Most others float along the changing tide, And now to virtue, now to vice they glide. A Besetting Sin. Sat. ii. 7. 18. Quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser ac prior illo, Qui jam contento, jam laxo fune laborat. So constant was he to his darling vice, Yet less a wretch than he who now maintains A steady course, now drives with looser reins. The Wise Man. Sat. ii. 7. 83. Quisnam igitur liber ? Sapiens, sibi qui imperiosus ; Quem neque pauperies, neque mors, neque vincula terrent : Responsare cupidinibus, contemnere bonores Fortis ; et in se ipso totus, teres atque rotundus. The wise, who well maintains An empire o'er himself ; whom neither chains, Nor want, nor death, with slavish fear inspire ; Who boldly answers to his warm desire ; Who can ambition's vainest gifts despise ; Firm in himself, who on himself relies ; Polish'd and round who runs his proper course, And breaks misfortune with superior force. The Results of Adversity and Prosperity. Sat. ii. 8. 73. Ducis ingenium res Adversae nudare solent, celare secundse. Good fortune hides, adversity calls forth, A landlord's genius, and a general's worth. Increasing Age. Ep. i. 1. 4. Non eadem est setas, non mens. His youth, his genius now no more the same. The Worn-out Steed. Ep. i. 1. 8. Solve senescentem mature sanus equum, ne Peccet ad extremum ridendus, et ilia ducat. Loose from the rapid car your aged horse. Lest in the race derided, left behind, Jaded he drag his limbs and burst his wind. The Pursuit of Truth. Ep. i. 1. 11. Quid verum atque decens euro et rogo, et omnis in hoc sum. For the search of truth And moral decency hath fiU'd my breast, Hath every thought and faculty possest. Independence. Ep. i. 1. 15. Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri, Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes. Nunc agilis fio, et mersor civilibus undis, Virtutis verse custos rijgidusque satelles : Nunc in Aristippi furtim prsecepta relabor, Et mihi res, non me rebus, subjungere conor. You ask, perhaps, what sect, what chief I own; I'm of all sects, but blindly sworn to none ; For as the tempest drives I shape my way. Now active plunge into the world's wide sea : Now virtue's precepts rigidly defend. Nor to the world — the world to me shaU bend. ■*>^ .«eMBU«ia tri 124 HORATIUS It is Something to be Advancing in the Path of Virtue. Ep. i. 1. 32. Est qu^dam prodire teniis, si non datur ultra. Thougli of exact perfection you despair, Yet every step to virtue 's worth your care. Advantages of a Good Education. E'p. i. 1. 38. Invidus, iracundus, iners, vinosus, amator, Nemo adeo ferus est, ut non mitescere possit, Si modo culturre patientem commodet aurem. Virtus est vitium fugere, et sapient ia prima Stultitid caruisse. The slave to envy, anger, wine, or love, The wretch of sloth, its excellence shall prove : Fierceness itself shall bear its rage away, When listening calmly to th' instructive lay. Even in our flight from vice some virtue lies ; And free from folly, we to wisdom rise. Money. E^. i. 1. 52. Villus argentum est auro, virtutibus aurum. O Gives, cives, quserenda pecunia primum est, Virtus post nummos. Silver to gold, we own, should yield the prize, And gold to virtue ; louder Folly cries, Ye sons of Rome, let money first be sought ; Yirtue is only worth a second thought. A Good Conscience. E'p. i. 1. 60. Hie murus reneus esto, Nil conscire sibi, nulla pallescere culp^. Be this thy brazen bulwark of defence, Still to preserve thy conscious innocence, Nor e'er turn pale with guilt. HORATIUS 125 Money to be got in any way. E'p, i. 1. ^b. Rem facias ; rem. Si possis, recte ; si non, quocunque modo rem. My friend, get money ; get a large estate, By honest means ; but get, at any rate. Steps not Returning Terrify. Ep. i. 1. 74. Quia me vestigia terrent Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum. Truly I *m afraid When I behold the steps, that to thy den Look forward all, but none return again. Proteus. Ep. i. 1. 90. Quo teneam vultus mutantem Protea nodo ? Say while he changes thus, what chains can bind These various forms : the Proteus of the mind ? Changeableness of Man. ^p. i. 1.97. Quid, mea cum pugnat sententia secum ; Quod petiit, spernit ; repetit, quod nuper omisit ; ^stuat, et vitse disconvenit ordine toto ; Diruit, aedificat, mutat quadrata rotundis ? Insanire putas soUennia me. But if my judgment, with itself at strife. Should contradict my general course of life ; Should now despise what it with warmth pursued, And earnest wish for what with scorn it viewed ; Float like the tide ; now high the building raise ; Now pull it down ; nor round nor square can please ; You call it madness of the usual kind. Vice and Virtue. Ep. i. 2. 3. Qui, quid sit pulchrum, quid tiu-pe, quid utile, quid non. Whose works the beautiful and base contain ; Of vice and virtue more instructive rules. ,AiSsfJT '.».,# .^m^' 126 HORATIUS Subjects Suffer when Kings Dispute. Ep, i. 2. 14. Quicquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi. Seditione, dolis, scelere, atque libidine, et ird, Iliacos intra muros peccatur, et extra. When doting monarchs urge Unsound resolves, their subjects feel the scourge. Trojans and Greeks, seditious, base, unjust, Offend alike in violence and lust. The Vulgar Herd. Ep, I 2. 27. Nos numerus sumus, et fruges consumere nati, Sponsi Penelopse, nei3ulones, Alcinoique, In cute curanda plus aequo operata juventus ; Cui pulchrum tuit in medios dormire dies, et Ad strepitum citharse cessatum ducere curam. But we, mere numbers in the book of life, Like those who boldly woo'd our heroes wife. Born to consume the fruits of earth ; in truth, As vain and idle as Phoeacca's youth ; Mere outside all to fill the mighty void Of life, in dress and equipage employ'd. Who sleep till mid-day and with melting airs Of empty music soothe away our cares. Wisdom. Ep. i. 2. 35. Ni Posces ante diem librum cum lumine, si non Intendes animum studiis et rebus honestis, InvidiS vel amore vigil torquebere. Nam cur, Quse Isedunt oculum, festinas demere ; si quid Est animum, differs curandi tempus in annum 1 Dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet : sapere aude ; Incipe. Qui recte vivendi prorogat horam, Rusticus exspectat dum defluat amnis ; at ille Labitur, et labetur in omne volubilis sevum. Unless you light your early lamp to find A moral book ; unless you form your mind To nobler studies you shall forfeit rest. And love or envy shall distract your breast. HORATIUS 127 For the hurt eye an instant cure you find ; Then why neglect for years the sickening mind ? Dare to be wise ; begin ; for once begun Your task is easy, half the work is done ; And sure the man who has it in his power To practise virtue, and protracts the hour, Waits like the rustic till the river dried ; StUl glides the river, and will ever glide. A Competence. Ep. i. 2. 46. Quod satis est, cui contiugit, nihil amplius optet. Bless'd with a competence, why wish for more ? Pleasure, Anger. Ep. i. 2. 54. Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis, acescit. Sperne voluptates : nocet emta dolore voluptas. Semper avarus eget : certum voto pete fiinem. Invidus alterius macrescit rebus opimis : Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Majus tormentum. Qui non moderabitur iroB, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit et mens, Dum poenas odio per vim festinat inulto. Ira furor brevis est : animum rege ; qui, nisi paret, Imperat : hunc frenis, hunc tu compesce caten^. Fingit equum tenera docilem cervice magister Ire viam, qud monstret eques. Venations, ex quo Tempore cervinam pellem latravit in aulS, Militat in sylvis catulus. Nunc adbibe puro Pectore verba puer ; nunc te melioribus offer. Quo semel est imbuta recens, servabit odorem Testa diu. Quod si cessas, aut strenuus anteis ; Nee tardum opperior, nee prsecedentibus insto. Your wine grows acid when the cask is foul : Learn the strong sense of pleasure to control ; With virtuous pride its blandishments disdain ; Hurtful is pleasure when it 's bought with pain. He wants for ever, who would more acquire ; Set certain limits to your wild desire. The man who envies must behold with pain Another's joys, and sicken at his gain : Nor could Sicilia's tyrants ever find A greater torment than an envious mind. 128 HORATIUS The man, unable to control his ire, Shall wish undone what hate and wrath inspire : To sate his rage precipitate he flies. Yet in'his breast his rage unsated lies. Anger 's a shorter madness of the mind ; Subdue the tyrant, and in fetters bind. The docile colt is f orm'd with gentle skill To move obedient to his rider's will. In the loud hall the hound is taught to bay The buckskin trail'd, then challenges his prey Through the Avild woods. Thus, in your hour of youth, From pure instruction quaff the words of truth. The odours of the wine that first shall stain The virgin vessel, it shall long retain. Whether you prove a lagger in the race, Or with a vigorous ardour urge your pace, I shall maintain my usual rate ; no more ; Nor wait for those behind, nor press on those before. Bounty of the Gods to Man. Ep. 1. 4. 6. Non tu corpus eras sine pectore : dl tibi formam, Di tibi divitias dederunt, artemque fruendi. Thou art not form'd of lifeless mould, With breast inanimate and cold ; To thee the gods a form complete, To thee the gods a fair estate In bounty gave, with art to know How to enjoy what they bestow. An Epicurean. Ep. i. 4. 8. Quid voveat dulci nutricula majus alumno, ^ Qui sapere, et fari possit qua3 sentiat, et cui Gratia, fama, valetudo contingat abunde, Et mundus victus, non deficiente crumena ? Inter spem curamque, timores inter et iras, Omnem crede diem tibi diluxisse supremum : Grata superveniet, quae non sperabitur, bora. Me pinguem, et nitidum bene curata cute vises, Cum ridere voles Epicuri de grege porcum. Can a fond nurse one blessing more Even for her favourite boy implore, With sense and clear expression blest, Of friendship, honour, health possest, A table elegantly plain. And a poetic, easy vein ? HORATIUS 129 By hope inspired, depressed with fear, By passion warm'd, perplex'd with care, Believe that every morning's ray Hath lighted up thy latest day ; Then, if to-morrow's sun be thine, With double lustre shall it shine. Such are the maxims I embrace, And here, in sleek and joyous ease, You '11 find, for laughter fitly bred, A hog by Epicurus fed. Fortune. Ep. i. 5. 12. Quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti ? Say, what are fortune's gifts, if I 'm denied Their cheerful use ? Wink Ep. i. 5. 16. Quid non ebrietas designat ? operta recludit ; Spes jubet esse ratas ; in proclia trudit inertem ; SoUicitis animis onus eximit ; addocet artes : Fecundi calices quem non fecere disertum? Contracta quem non in paupertate solutum ? What cannot wine perform ? It brings to light The secret soul ; it bids the coward fight ; Gives being to our hopes, and from our hearts Drives the dull sorrow and inspires new arts. Is there a wretch whom bumpers have not taught A flow of words and loftiness of thought ? Even in the oppressive grasp of poverty It can enlarge and bid the soul be free. Calmness. Ep. 1. 6. 1. Nil admirari prope res est una, Numici, Solaque, quae possit facere et servare beatum. Hunc solem, et stellas, -et decedentia certis Tempora momentis, sunt qui formidine nuU^ Imbuti spectent. Not to admire, is of all means the best. The only means, to make, and keep us blest. There are, untainted with the thoughts of fear, Who see the various changes of the year Unerring roll ; who see the glorious sun. And the fix'd stars, their annual progress run. 130 HORATIUS Golden Mean. Ep. i. 6. 15. Insani sapiens nomen ferat, seqiius iniqui, Ultra quam satis est virtutem si petat ipsam. Even virtue, when pursued with warmth extreme, Turns into vice, and fools the sage's fame. Time. Ep. i. 6. 24. Quidquid sub terr^ est, in apricum proferet aetas ; Defodiet condetque nitentia. But time shall bring the latent birth to light, And hide the present glorious race in night. Virtue. Ep. I. 6. 30. Si virtus hoc una potest dare, fortis omissis Hoc age deliciis. Virtutem verba putas, ut Lucum ligna ? cave ue portus occupet alter. If virtue can alone the blessing give, With ardent spirit her alone pursue, And with contempt all other pleasures view ; Yet if you think that virtue 's but a name, That groves are groves, nor from religion claim A sacred awe — sail to the distant coast. Gold. Ep. i. 6. 36. Scilicet uxorem cum dote, fidemque, et amicos, Et genus, et formam, regina pecunia donat : Ac bene nummatum decorat Suadeia Venusque. For gold, the sovereign queen of all below. Friends, honour, birth, and beauty can bestow ; The goddess of persuasion forms his train, And Venus decks the well-bemoney'd swain. How Happiness is to be Procured. Ep. i. 6. 47. Si res sola potest facere et servare beatum, Hoc primus repetas opus, hoc postremus omittas. Si fortunatum species et gratia prsestat, Mercemur servum, qui dictet nomina. HORATIUS 131 "Well then, if wealth alone our bliss insure, Our first, our latest toil should wealth secure : If popularity the blessing claims. Let 's buy a slave to tell our voters' names, And give the hint, when through the crowded street To stretch the civil hand to all we meet. Licentious. Ep. i. 6. 63. Remigium vitiosum Ithacensis Ulixi, Cui potior patri^ fuit interdicta voluptas. And, like th' abandon'd Ulyssean crew. Our Ithaca forgot, forbidden joys pursue. Mirth. Ep. i. 6. 65. Si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum ; vivas in amore jocisque. Vive, vale. Si quid novisti rectius istis, Candidus imperti ; si non, his utere mecum. If life's insipid without mirth and love, Let love and mirth insipid life improve. Farewell ! and if a better system s thine, Impart it frankly, or make use of mine. The Good Man. Ep. i. 7. 20. Prodigus et stultus donat quae spernit et odit. Hsec seges ingratos tulit, et feret omnibus annis. Vir bonus et sapiens dignis ait esse paratus ; Nee tamen ignorat quid distent sera lupinis. When fools and spendthrifts give what they despise. Thin crops of gratitude will always rise. The wise and good with Tjetter choice bestow, And real gold from playhouse counters know. Little Folks. Ep. 1. 7. 43. Parvum parva decent. For little folks become their little fate. 132 HORATIUS ^-N Not to Venture beyond One's Last. Ep. i. 7. 98. Metiri se quemque suo modulo ac pede. For all should be confined Within the bounds which nature hath assigned. Wisdom. Ep. i. 10. 8. Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui, Quae vos ad coelum efFertis rumore secundo. In short, I live and reign, whene'er I fly The joys you vaunt with rapture to the sky. Nature. Ep. i. 10. 24. • Naturam expelles furca, tamen usque recurret, Et mala perrumpet 'furtim fastidia victrix. For Nature, driven out with proud disdain, All-powerful goddess, will return again ; Return in silent triumph, to deride The weak attempts of luxury and pride. High Things. Ep, i. 10. 30. Quem res plus nimio delectavere secundae, Mutatse quatient : si quid mirabere, pones Invitus. Fuge magna : licet sub paupere tecto Reges et regum vita prsecurrere amicos. They who in Fortune's smiles too much delight, Shall tremble when the goddess takes her flight ; For, if her gifts our fonder passions gain, The frail possession we resign with pain. Then fly from grandeur, and the haughty great ; The cottage offers a secure retreat, Where you may make that heart-felt bliss your own, To kings, and favourites of kings, unknown. Poverty. Ep. i. 10. 39. Sic qui, pauperiem veritus, potiore metallis liibertate caret, dominum vehet improbus, atque Serviet teternum, quia parvo nesciet uti. HORATIUS 133 Cui non conveniet sua res, ut calceus olim, Si pede major erit, subvertet ; si minor, uret. So he, who poverty with horror views. Nor frugal nature's bounty knows to use, Who sells his freedom in exchange for gold, (Freedom for mines of wealth too cheaply sold,) Shall make eternal servitude his fate. And feel a haughty master's galling weight. Our fortunes and our shoes are near allied ; Pinch'd in the strait, we stumble in the wide. Money a Slave or Tyrant. Ep. i. 10. 47. Imperat aut servit collecta pecunia cuique, Tortum digna sequi potius, quam ducere, funem. Gold is the slave or tyrant of the soul ; Unworthy to command, it better brooks control. Enjoy the Present. Ep. 1. 11. 22. Tu, quamcunque deus tibi fortunaverit horam, Grat^ sume manu, neu dulcia diflfer in annum ; Ut, quocunque loco fueris, vixisse libenter Te dicas : nam si ratio et prudentia curas, Non locus effusi late maris arbiter, aufert ; Coelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt. Strenua nos exercet inertia : navibus atque Quadrigis petimus bene vivere. Quod petis, hie est, Est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit sequus. While yet 'tis in your power ; while Fortune smiles, At E-ome with rapture vaunt those happy isles, Then with a grateful hand the bliss receive. If Heaven an hour more fortunate shall give. : Seize on the present joy, and thus possess, ^Where'er you live, an inward happiness. If reason only can our cares allay, Not the bold site, that wide commands the sea ; If they who through the venturous ocean range. Not their own passions, but the climate change ; Anxious through seas and land to search for rest Is but laborious idleness at best. In desert Ulubne the bliss you '11 find. If you preserve a firm and equal mind. 134 HORATJUS Enough. Ep. i. 12. 3. Tolle querelas ; Pauper enim non est, cui rerum suppetit usus. Si ventri bene, si lateri est pedibusque tuis, nil Divitige poterunt regales addere majus. Then cease complaining, friend, and learn to live ; He is not poor to whom kind Fortune grants, Even with a frugal hand, what Nature wants. Are you with food, and warmth, and raiment blest ? Not royal treasures are of more possest. False Friends. Ep. i. 12. 24. Yilis amicorum est annona, bonis ubi quid deest. And friends are cheap, when good men are distrest. Discontent. Ep. i. 14 11. Cui placet alterius, sua nimirum est odio sors. Stultus uterque locum immeritum causatur inique ; In culpa est animus, qui se non effugit unquam. Pleased with each other's lot, our own we hate : But both are fools, and fools in like extreme ; Guiltless the place that we unjustly blame, For in the mind alone our follies lie, The mind, that never from itself can fly. Follies. Ep. i. 14. 36. Nee lusisse pudet, sed non incidere ludum. Nor do I blush to own my follies past, But own, those follies should no longer last. Contentment. Ep. i. 14. 43. Optat ephippia bos piger ; optat arare caballus. Quam scit uterque, libeus, censebo, exerceat artem. Thus the slow ox would gaudy trappings claim ; The sprightly horse would plough amidst the team : By my advice, let each with cheerful heart, A^ best he understands, employ his art. HORATIUS 135 Be what You Seem. Ep. i. 16. 17. Tu recte vivis, si curas esse quod audis : Jactamus jampridem omnis te Roma beatum : Sed vereor, ne cui de te plus quam tibi credas, Neve putes alium sapiente bonoque beatum. Would you be happy, be the thing you seem. And sure you now possess the world's esteem ; Nor yet to others too much credit give, But in your own opinion learn to live ; For know, the bliss in our own judgment lies, And none are happy but the good and wise. False Shame. Ep. i. 16. 24. Stultorum incurata pudor malus ulcera celat. Idiots alone their ulcer'd ills conceal. False Praise and a Good Man. Ep. i. 16. 39. Falsus honor juvat, et mendax infamia terret Quem, nisi mendosum et mendacem ? Vir bonus est quis ? Qui consulta patrum, qui leges juraque servat ; Quo multa3 magnseque secantur judice lites ; Quo res sponsore, et quo causa) teste tenentur. Sed videt hunc omnis domus et vicinia tota Introrsus turpem, speciosum pelle decor^. False praise can charm, unreal shame control— Whom, but a vicious or a sickly soul? Who then is good? Quinctiiis. Who carefully observes The senate's wise decrees, nor ever swerves From the known rules of justice and the laws : Whose bail secures, whose oath decides a cause. Horace. Yet his own house, his neighbours, through his art Beheld an inward baseness in his heart. ,.1. "Mt^iiiLr, ^"^AiaKUf U ■ -'^:&i^...bj^ ^ 136 HORATIUS The Good. Ep. i. 16. 52. Oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore. But virtuous minds a love of virtue charms : The fear of chastisement thy guilt alarms. Fear. Ep. i. 16. m. Qui cupiet, metuet quoque ; porro Qui metuens vivet, liber mihi non erit uiiquam. "Whoever wishes is with fear possest, And he who holds that passion in his breast Is in my sense a slave. Death. Ep. i. 16. 79. Mors ultima linea rerum est. Death is that god the poet here intends, That utmost bound where human sorrow ends. The Obscure. Ep. i. 17.10. Nee vixit male, qui natus moriensque fefellit. Nor ill he lives who lives and dies unknown. Evenness of Temper. Ep. i. 17. 23. Omnis Aristippum decuit color et status et res Tentantem majora, fere prsesentibus sequum. Yet Aristippus every dress became : In every various change of life the same ; And though he aim'd at things of higher kind, Yet to the present held an equal mind. The Advantages of an Active Life. Ep. i. 17. 33. Res gerere, et captos ostendere civibus hostes, Attingit solium Jovis, et coelestia tentat. Principibus placuisse viris, non ultima laus est. In glorious war a triumph to obtain, Celestial honours, and a seat shall gain Fast by the throne of Jove ; nor mean the praise These deities of human kind to please. HORATIUS 137 Every Man Cannot Succeed. Ep. i. 17. 36. Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum. Sedit, qui timuit ne non succederet : esto. But midst the storms and tempests of a court. Not every one shall reach the wish'd-f or port ; And sure the man who doubts of his success, Wisely declines th' attempt. Then you confess. That who succeeds, thus difficult his part. Gives the best proof of courage as of art. Clamours of the Importunatk Ep. i. 17. 50. Sed tacitus pasci si posset corvus, haberet Plus dapis, et rixce multo minus invidiaeque. But had the crow his food in silence eat, Less had his quarrels been, and more his meat. Virtue. Ep. i. 18. 9. Virtus est medium vitiorum, et utrinque reductum. But virtue in a medium lies. From whence these different follies rise. The Rude Man Contending for Trifles. Ep. i. 18. 15. Alter rixatur de land ssepe caprin^, Propugnat nugis armatus. Another in dispute engages, With nonsense arm'd for nothing rages. A Secret. Ep. i. 18. 37. Arcanum neque tu scrutaberis illius unquam ; Commissumque teges, et vino tortus et \vL Nee tua laudabis studia, aut aliena reprendes : Strive not with mean, unhandsome lore Your patron's bosom to explore. And let not wine or anger wrest Th' intrusted secret from your breast. Nor blame the pleasures of your friend, Nor to your own too earnest bend. 138 HORATIUS The Inquisitive. Ep. i. 18. 69. Percontatorem fugito : nam garrulus idem est ; Nee retinent patiilse commissa fideliter aures ; Et semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum. Til' impertinent be sure to hate ; "Who loves to ask will love to prate. Ears that unfold to every tale, Intrusted secrets ill conceal, And you shall wish, but wish in vain, To call the fleeting words again. Eecommendations. Ep. i. 18. 76. Qualem commendes, etiam atque etiam adspice, ne mox Incutiant aliena tibi peccata pudorem. "With cautious judgment, o'er and o'er, The man you recommend explore. Lest, when the scoundrel's better known. You blush for errors not your own. Folly. Ep. i. 18. 79. Quem sua culpa premet, deceptus omitte tueri. Once deceived, do not attempt to protect the man who is weighed down by his own follies. The House of a Neighbour on Fire. Ep. i. 18. 84. Nam tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet, Et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires. "When flames your neighbour's dwelling seize, Your own with instant rage shall blaze ; Then haste to stop the spreading fire, "Which, if neglected, rises higher. The Court. Ep. i. 18. 86. Dulcis inexpertis cultura potentis amici ; Expertus metuit. Untried, how sweet a court attendance ! "When tried, how dreadful the dependence ! HORATIUS 139 Unlike Tempers. Ep. i. 18. 89. Oderunt hilarem tristes, tristemque jocoai. Far from the sad the jovial run ; The gay, the witty, and sedate, Are objects of each other's hate. An Humble Life. Ep. i. 18. 103. An secretum iter et fallentis semita vitae ? Or down through life unknown to stray, "Where lonely leads the silent way. Life of Tranquillity. Ep. i. 18. 107. Sit mihi, quod nunc est ; etiam minus ; et mihi vivam Quod superest oevi, si quid superesse volunt dl : Sit bona librorum et proviso) frugis in annum Copia ; neu fluitem dubise spe pendulus horse. Sed satis est orare Jovem, quae donat et aufert : Det vitam, det opes : sequum mi animum ipse parabo. "When happy in my rural scene, "Whose fountain chills the shuddering swain, Such is my prayer— Let me possess My present wealth, or even less. And if the bounteous gods design A longer life, that life be mine. Give me of books the mental cheer, Of wealth sufficient for a year, Nor let me float in Fortune's power, Dependent on the future hour. To Jove for life and wealth I pray, These Jove may give, or take away, But for a firm and tranquil mind, That blessing in myself I find. Hypocrisy. Ep. i. 19. 12. Quid ? si quis vultu torvo ferus, et pede nudo, Exiguseque togae simulet textore Catonem, Virtutemne repraesentet moresque Catonis 1 "What ! if with naked feet and savage air, Cato's short coat some mimic coxcomb wear, Say, shall his habit and affected gloom Great Cato's manners or his worth assume ? lf?f??|Sip^' aAag".^ f. \ 140 HORATIUS Imitators. Bp. i. 19. 19. O imitatores, servum pecus, ut mihi ssepe Bilem, ssepe jocum vestri movere tumultus ! Ye wretched mimics, whose fond heats have been, How oft ! the objects of my mirth and spleen. Originality. Ep. i. 19. 21. Libera per vacuum posui vestigia princeps ; Non aliena meo pressi pede : qui sibi fidit, Dux regit examen. Through open worlds of rhyme I dared to tread In paths unknown, by no bold footsteps led : Wlio on himself relies with conscious pride, Most certainly the buzzing hive shall guide. Applause of the Populace. £:p. i. 19. 37. Non ego ventosse plebis sufFragia venor. I purchase not the venal critic's vote. Tears. Up. i. 19. 41. Hinc ill83 lacrymae. And hence these tears of spleen and anger rise. Ingratitude of Mankind. Ep. 11. 1. 9. Ploravere suis non respondere favorem Speratum meritis. Complain'd their virtues and their toils could raise But slight returns of gratitude and praise. Envy. Up. ii. 1. 12. Comperit invidiam supremo fine domari. Found that the monster Envy never dies. Till low in equal death her conqueror lies. HORATIUS 141 Superior Merit. Ep. ii. 1. 13. Urit enim fulgore suo, qui prsegravat artes Infra se positas : extinctus amabitur idem. For he who soars to an unwonted height, Oppressive dazzles with excess of light The arts beneath him ; yet, when dead, shall prove An object worthy of esteem and love. An Absurdity. Ep. ii. 1. 31. Nil intra est oleam, nil extra est in nuce duri. There is nothing hard within in the olive ; there is nothing hard without in the nut. The Vulgar. Ep. ii. 1. 63. Interdum vulgus rectum videt ; est ubi peccat. Sometimes the crowd a proper judgment makes, But oft they labour under gross mistakes. Poetasters. Ep. ii. 1. 115. Quod medicorum est, Promittunt medici ; tractant fabrilia fabri : Scribimus indocti doctique poemata passim. A doubtful drug unlicensed doctors fear ; Musicians are to sounds alone confined ; And each mechanic hath his trade assign'd : But every desperate blockhead dares to write ; Verse is the trade of every living wight. Greece. Ep. ii. 1. 156. Grsecia capta ferum victorem cepit, et artes Intulit agresti Latio. When conquer'd Greece brought in her captive arts. She triumph'd o*er her savage conquerors' hearts. 142 HORATIUS Corruption op Taste. Ep. ii. 1. 187. Verum equitis quoque jam migravit ab aure voluptas Omnis ad incertos oculos et gaudia vana. But even our knights from wit and genius fly To pageant shows, that charm the wandering eye. DULNESS. Ep. ii. 1. 244. BocotAm in crasso jur^res aere natum. This king was born in thick Bceotian air. The Poet. Ep, ii. 1. 248. Nee magis expressi vultus per senea signa, Quam per vatis opus mores animique virorum Clarorum apparent. Nee sermones ego mallem Repentes per humum, quam res componere gestas, Terrarumque situs et flumina dicere, et areas Montibus impositas, et barbara regna, tuisque Auspiciis totum confecta duella per orbem, Claustraque, custodem pacis, cohibentia Janum. ^ Nor form'd in brass, with more expression shines The hero's face, than in the poet's lines His life and manners ; nor would Horace choose These low and grovelling numbers, could his Muse The rapid progress of your arms pursue ; Paint distant lands and rivers to the view, Up the steep mountain with thy war ascend, Storm the proud fort, and bid the nations bend ; Or bid fell war's destructive horrors cease, And shut up Janus in eternal peace. The Ridiculous. Ep. ii. 1. 262. Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur. For quickly we discern. With ease remember, and with pleasure learn Whate'er may ridicule and laughter move. Not what deserved our best esteem and love. HORATIUS 143 Soft Clay. Ep. ii. 2. 8. Argilld quidvis imitaberis udd. Like clay, well temper'd with informing skill He may be moulded to what shape you will. The Poor. Ep. ii. 2. 40. Ibit eo, quo vis, qui zonam perdidit. The rustic shrewd replies : *' An 't please you, captain, let another trudge it ; The man may venture who has lost his budget." Athens. Ep. ii. 2. 43. Adjecere bonoe paulo plus artis AthenaB ; Scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum, Atque inter sylvas Academi quaerere verum. Dura sed emovere loco me tempora grato. Indulgent Athens then improved my parts, With some small tincture of ingenuous arts, Fair truth from falsehood to discern, and rove In search of wisdom through the museful grove. But lo ! the time, destructive to my peace, Me rudely ravish'd from that charming place. Advancing Years. Ep. ii. 2. 55. Singula de nobis anni prsedantur euntes ; Eripuere jocos, Venerem, con vi via, ludum. The waning years apace Steal off our thoughts, and rifle every grace. Alas ! already have they snatch'd away My jokes, my loves, my re veilings, and play. Differences of Opinion. Ep. ii. 2. 58. Denique non omnes eadem mirantur amantque. In short, the race of various men admire Aa various numbers. 144 HORATIUS Differences of Taste. Ep. ii. 2. 62. Poscentes vario multum diversa palato. Quid dem 1 quid non dem ? renuis tu, quod jubet alter ; Quod petis, id sane est invisum acidumque duobus. And all appear to have a different taste. What shall I give them ? What shall I refuse ? What one dislikes the other two shall choose, And even the very dish you like the best Is acid or insipid to the rest. Irritability of the Poet. Ep. ii. 2. 102. Multa fero, ut placem genus irritabile vatum, Cum scribo, et supplex populi sufFragia capto. Much I endured, when writing I would bribe The public voice, and soothe the fretful tribe Of rival poets. Self-Conceit of a Poet. Ep. ii. 2. 126. Prsetulerim scriptor delirus inersque videri, Dum mea delectent mala me, vel denique fallant, Quam sapere, et ringi. A stupid scribbler let me rather seem, While of my faults with dear delight I deem. Or not perceive, than sing no mortal strain, And bear this toil, this torture of the brain. Pleasing Delusions. Ep. ii. 2. 138. Pol me occidistis, amici, Non servastis, ait ; cui sic extorta voluptas, Et demtus per vim mentis gratissimus error. " Ah ! cruel friends ! " he cried, "Is this to save me ] Better far have died Than thus be robb'd of pleasure so refined, The dear delusions of a raptured mind." Riches. Ep, ii. 3. 155. At si divitise prudentem reddere possent, HORATIUS 145 Si cupidum timidumque minus te ; nempe ruberes, Viveret in terris te si quis avarior uno. Could riches add but prudence to your years, Restrain your wishes, and abate your fears, You then might blush with reason, if you knew One man on earth more covetous than you. ChANGEABLENESS of PROPERTr. Ep. ii. 2. 166. Quid refert, vivas numerato nuper an olim ? Emptor Aricini quondam Veientis et arvi Emptum coenat olus, quamvis aliter putat ; emptis Sub noctem gelidam lignis calefactat aenum ; Sed vocat usque suum qu^ populus adsita certis Limitibus vicina ref ugit j urgia ; tanquam Sit proprium quicquam, puncto quod mobilis horse Nunc prece, nunc pretio, nunc vi, nunc sorte supreme, Permutet dominos, et cedat in altera jura. Sic, quia perpetuus nuUi datur usus, et hoeres Hseredem alterius, velut unda supervenit undam ; Quid vici prosunt, aut horrea ? For what avails it in a life well pass*d, At first to pay the purchase, ox. at last? r * The frugal man, who purchased two estates,* - Yet buys the pot-herbs which his worship e^ts,« Though he thinks not : this tyrant of the soil Buys the mere wood which makes his kettle boil ; And yet he calls that length of land his own, From which the poplar, fijc'd to limits known, Cuts off disputes, as if he had the power Of that which in the moment of an hour By favour, purchase, force, or Fate's commands. May change its lord, and fall to other hands. Since thus no mortal properly can have A lasting tenure ; and, as wave o'er wave, Heir comes o'er heir, what pleasure can afford Thy peopled manors and increasing hoard ? Genius op Each Individual. Ep. ii. 2. 187. Scit Genius, natale comes qui temperat astrum, Naturae deus humanae, mortalis in unum- Quodque caput, vultu mutabilis, albus et ater. But whence these various inclinations rise The God of human nature only knows ; UQ HORATIUS That mystic Genius, which our actions guides Attends our stars and o'er our lives presides, Whose power appears, propitious or malign, Stamp'd on each face and varied through each line. Either Improve your Life, or Leave the Stage of Life. Ep, ii. 2. 2n. Quid te exemta jiivat spinis de pluribus una ? Vivere si recte nescis, decede peritis. Lusisti satis, edisti satis, atque bibisti : Tempus abire tibi est ; ne potum largius cequo Kideat et pulset lasciva decentius setas. Pluck out one thorn to mitigate thy pain. What boots it, while so many more remain ? Or act with just propriety your part, Or yield to those of elegance and art. Already glutted with a farce of age, 'Tis time for thee to quit the wanton stage. Lest youth, more decent in their follies, scoff The nauseous scene, and hiss thee reeling off. Uniformity Eecommended. A. P. 4. Desinat in piscem mulier formosa superne. Or if he gave to view a beauteous maid Above the waist with every charm array'd, Should a foul fish her lower parts infold. Ridicule. A. P. 5. Spectatum admissi risum teneatis, amici ? Would you not laugh such pictures to behold ? Dreams of the Sick Maij. A. P. 7. Mgri somnia vana. The delusive dreams of the sick man. Painters and Poets. A. P. 9. Pictoribus atque poetis Quidlibet audendi semper fuit sequa potestas. Scimus et banc veniam petimusque damusque vicissim. HORATIUS U7 Painters and poets our indulgence claim, Their daring equal, and their art the same. I own the indulgence — such I give and take. Purple Patches. A, P. 14. Inceptis gravibus plerumque, et magna professis, Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter Assuitur pannus. Your opening promises some great design, And shreds of purple with broad lustre shine Sew'd on your poem. Out of Place. A. P. 19. Sed nunc non erat his locus. Beauties they are, but beauties out of place. Cause of Errobs. A. P. 25. Decipimur specie recti. But oft our greatest errors take their rise From our best views. Extremes. A. P. 31. In vitium ducit culpae fuga, si caret arte. Thus, injudicious, while one fault we shun, Into its opposite extreme we run. Uniformity Desirable. A. P, 36. Non magis esse velim quam pravo vivere naso, Spectandum nigris oculis nigroque capillo. And I no more would write Like him, than with a nose of hideous size Be gaz'd at for the finest hair and eyes. Subject Suitable to Abilities. A. P. 38. Sumite materiam vestris, qui scribitis, sequam Viribus ; et versate diu, quid ferre recusent, 7 148 HORATIUS Quid valeant humeri. Cui lecta potenter erit res, Nee facundia deseret hunc, nee lucidus ordo. Examine well, ye writers, weigh with care, What suits your genius, what your strength can bear. To him who shall his theme with judgment choose, Nor words nor method shall their aid refuse. Words. A. P. 68. Mortalia facta peribunt : Nedum sermonum stet honos, et gratia vivax. Multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Qu£e nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus, Quem penes arbitrium est et jus et norma loquendi. All these must perish— and shall words presume To hold their honours, and immortal bloom ? Many shall rise that now forgotten lie ; Others, in present credit, soon shaU die, If custom will, whose arbitrary sway Words and the forms of language must obey. Critics. A. P. 78. Grammatici certant, et adhuc sub judice lis est. Critics yet contend, And of their vain disputings find no end. Style. A, P, 92. Singula qusoque locum teneant sortita decenter. Then let your style be suited to the scene, « And its peculiar character maintain. Bombast. A. P. 97. Projicit ampuUas, et sesquipedalia verba. Must quit the swelling strain, And words gigantic. Man Easily Affected to Grief or Joy. A. P. 101. Ut ridentibus arrident, ita flentibus adsunt, Humani vultus : si vis me flere, dolendum est HORATIUS U9 Primum ipsi tibi ; tunc tua me infortunia loedeut. With them who laugh, our social joy appears ; With them who mourn, we sympathise in tears : If you would have me weep, begin the strain, Then I shall feel your sorrows, feel your pain. An Actor. A. P. 105. Tristia maestum Vultum verba decent ; iratum, plena minarum ; Ludentem, lasciva ; severum, seria dictu. Format enim natura prius nos intus ad omnem Fortunarum habitum ; juvat, aut impellit ad iram, Aut ad humum mserore gravi deducit, et angit ; Post effert animi motus interprete lingu^. The varying face should every passion show. And words of sorrow wear the look of woe ; Let it in joy assume a vivid air; Fierce when in rage ; in seriousness severe : For Nature to each change of fortune forms The secret soul, and all its passions warms ; Transports to rage, dilates the heart with mirth, Wrings the sad soul, and bends it down to earth. The tongue these various movements must express. Achilles. A. P. 121. Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer, Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis. Intrepid, fierce, of unforgiving rage, Like Homer's hero, let him spurn all laws, And by the sword alone assert his cause. Uniformity. A. P. 127. Servetur ad imum, Qualis ab incepto processor it, et sibi constat. From his first entrance to the closing scene Let him one equal character maintain. Translation. A. P. 133. Nee verbum verbo curabis reddere fidus Interpres. Nor word for word translate with painful care. 151 HORATIUS The Mountain in Labour. A. P. 138. Quid dignum tanto feret hie promissor hiatu ? Parturiunt montes ; nascetur ridiculus inus. How will the boaster hold his yawning rate ? The mountain labour'd with prodigious throes, And, lo ! a mouse ridiculous arose. A Flash Ending in Smoke. A. P. 143. Non fumum ex fulgore, sed ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat. He does not lavish at a blaze his fire, Sudden to glare, and in a smoke expire ; But rises from a cloud of smoke to fight. Differences of Age. A. P. 156. iEtatis cujusque notandi sunt tibi mores, Mobilibusque decor naturis dandus et annis. Keddere qui voces jam scit puer, et pede certo Signat humum, gestit paribus coUudere, et iram CoUigit ac ponit temere, et mutatur in horas. Imberbus juvenis, tandem custode remoto, Gaudet equis canibusque et aprici gramine Campi; Cereus in vitium flecti, monitoribus asper, Utilium tardus provisor, prodigus seris, Sublimis, cupidusque, et amata relinquere pernix. Conversis studiis, setas animusque virilis Quserit opes et amicitias, inservit honori, Commisisse cavet quod mox mutare laboret. Multa senem circumveniunt incommoda ; vel quod Quserit, et inventis miser abstinet, ac timet uti ; Vel quod res omnes timide gelideque ministrat ; Dilator, spe longus, iners, avidusque futuri, Difficilis, querulus, laudator temporis acti Se puero, castigator censorque minorum. Multa ferunt anni venientes commoda secum, Multa recedentes adimunt. The manner must your strictest care engage, The levities of youth and strength of age. The child, who now with firmer footing walks, HORATIUS 151 And with unfaltering, well-form'd accents talks. Loves childish sports, with causeless anger burns. And idly pleased with every moment turns. The youth, whose will no froward tutor bounds, Joys in the sunny field, his horse and hounds ; Yielding like wax, th' impressive folly bears ; Rough to reproof, and slow to future cares ; Profuse and vain ; with every passion warm'd. And swift to leave what late his fancy charm'd. With strength improved, the manly spirit bends To different aims, in search of wealth and friends ; Bold and ambitious in pursuit of fame. And wisely cautious in the doubtful scheme. A thousand ills the aged world surround. Anxious in search of wealth, and, when 'tis found. Fearful to use what they with fear possess. While doubt and dread their faculties depress. Fond of delay, they trust in hope no more. Listless, .and fearful of th' approaching hour ; Morose, complaining, and with tedious praise Talking the manners of their youthful days ; Severe to censure ; earnest to advise. And with old saws the present a^e chastise. The blessings flowing in with life s full tide, Down with our ebb of life decreasing glide. The Eye. A. P. 180. Segnius irritant animos demissa per aurem, Quam quce sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus, et quae Ipse sibi tradit spectator. What we hear, With weaker passion will affect the heart. Than when the faithful eye beholds the part. A God. A. P. 191. Nee deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus Inciderit. Nor let a god in person stand display'd. Unless the labouring plot deserve his aid. Order and Connexion of Ideas. A. P. 242. Tantum series juncturaque poUet ; Tantum de medio sumtis accedit honoris. t-l8iatgiWitMfl8..'feiaiiBMataiha-^ 152 HORATIUS Such grace can order and connexion give ; Such beauties common subjects may receive. Greek Authoes. A. P. 268. Vos exemplaria Grseca Nocturnti, versate manu, versate diurn^. Make the Greek authors your supreme delight ; Read them by day, and study them by night. Correction of Style. A. P. 289. Nee virtute foret clarisve j)otentius armis, Quam lingua, Latium, si non offeoderet uimm- Quemque poetarum limte labor et mora. Vos, o Pompilius sanguis, carmen reprehendite, quod non Multa dies et multa litura coercuit, atque Prsesectum decies non castigavit ad unguem. Nor had the mistress of the world appear'd More famed for conquest than for wit revered, Did we not hate the necessary toil Of slow correction, and the painful file. Illustrious youths, with just contempt receive, Nor let the hardy poem hope to live, Where time and full correction don't refine The finish'd work, and polish every line. Poet. A. P. 299. Nanciscetur enim pretium nomenque poetse, Si tribus Anticyris caput insanabile nunquam Tonsori Licino commiserit. The poet's fame and fortune sure to gain, If long their beards, incurable their brain. Critic. A. P. 304. Ergo fungar vice cotis, acutum Reddere quse ferrum valet, exsors ipsa secandi : Munus et officium, nil scribens ipse, docebo. No ; let me sharpen others, as the hone Gives edge to razors though itself has none. Let me the poet's worth and office show, And whence his true poetic riches flow. HORATIUS 15S Good Sense. A. P. 309. Scribendi recte sapere est et principium et fons. Good sense, that fountain of the Muse's art. Poet. A. P. 312. Qui didicit, patriae quid debeat et quid amicis, Quo sit amore parens, quo frater amandus, et hospes. Quod sit conscripti, quod judicis officium, quse Partes in bellum missi ducis ; ille profecto Reddere personse scit convenientia cuique. The poet, who with nice discernment knows What to his country and his friends he owes ; How various nature warms the human breast, To love the parent, brother, friend, or guest ; What the gi-eat offices of judges are, Of senators, of generals sent to war ; He siu-ely knows, with nice, well-judging art, Tlie strokes peculiar to each different part. Nature. A. P. 316. Respicere exemplar vitoe morumque jubebo Doctum imitatorem, et veras hinc ducere voces. Interdums peciosa locis morataque recte Fabula, nullius Veneris, sine pondere et arte, Valdius oblectat populum meliusque moratur, Quam versus inopes rerum, nugseque canorae. Graiis ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui, praeter laudem nullius avaris. Keep nature's great original in view, And thence the living images pursue ; For when the sentiments and diction please, And all the characters are wrought with ease, Your play, though void of beauty, force, and art, More strongly shall delight, and warm the heart, Than where a lifeless pomp of verse appears, And with sonorous trifles charms our ears. To her loved Greeks the Muse indulgent gave, To her loved Greeks, with greatness to conceive, And in sublimer tone their language raise — Her Greeks were only covetous of praise. 154 HORATIUS Poets. A. P. 333. Aut prodesse volunt aut delectare poetse, Aut simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitse. Quicquid prsecipies, esto brevis ; ut cito dicta Percipiant animi dociles, teneantque fideles. Poets would profit or delight mankind, And with the pleasing have th' instructive join'd, Short be the precept, which with ease is gain'd By docile minds, and faithfully retain'd. Superfluity. A. P. 337. Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat. If in dull length your moral is exprest, The tedious wisdom overflows the breast. Profit and Pleasure. A. P. 343. Omne tulit punctum, qui miscuit utile dulci, Lectorem delectando pariterque monendo. Profit and pleasure, then, to mix with art. To inform the judgment, nor offend the heart, Shall gain all votes. Beauties more Numerous. A. P. 351. Yerum ubi plura nitent in carmine, non ego paucis Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria f udit, Aut humana parum cavit natura. But when the beauties more in number shine, I am not angry when a casual line (That with some trivial faults unequal flows) A careless hand or human frailty shows. Homer. A. P. 359. Et idem Indignor, quandoque bonus dormitat Homerus. Yerum operi longo fas est obrepere somnum. HORATIUS 155 Yet hold it for a fault I can't excuse. If honest Homer slumber o'er his Muse ; Although, perhaps, a kind indulgent sleep O'er works of length allowably may creep. Poems and Pictures. A. P. 361. Ut pictura, poesis : erit quoe, si propius stes, Te capiat magis ; et quoedam, si longius abstes : Hsec amat obscurum ; volet lia3c sub luce videri, Judicis argutum quae non formidat acumen : Ha3c placuit semel : haec decies repetita placebit. Poems like pictures are : some charm when nigh. Others at distance more delight your eye ; That loves the shade, this tempts a stronger light And challenges the critic's piercing sight ; That gives us pleasure for a single view ; * And this, ten times repeated, still is new. Poetasters. A. P. 372. Mediocribus esse poetis Non homines, non dl, non concessere columnjs. But God, and man, and letter'd post denies That poets ever aie of middling size. Minerva Unwilling. A. P. 385. Tu nihil invito dices faciesve Minerv^ ; Id tibi judicium est, ea mens. Si quid tamen olim Scripseris, in Maeci descendat judicis aures, Et patris, et nostras, nonumque prematur in annum, Membranis intus positis : delere licebit, Quod non edideris ; nescit vox missa reverti. But thou, dear Piso, never tempt the Muse, If wisdom's goddess shall her aid refuse ; And when you write, let candid Metius hear. Or try your labours on your children's ear, Or even on mine ; but let them not come forth Till the ninth ripening year mature their worth. You may correct what in your closet lies : If publish'd, it irrevocably flies. 156 HORATIUS Toil to be Sustained. A. P. 410. Alterius sic, Altera poscit opem res, et conjurat amice. Qui studet optatam cursu contingere metam, Multa tulft fecitque puer, sudavit et alsit. But, when in friendship join'd, A mutual succour in each other find. A youth who hopes th' Olympic prize to gain, All arts must try and every toil sustain ; Th' extremes of heat and cold must often prove, A Flatterer. A. P. 431. Ut qui conducti plorant in funere, dicunt Et faciunt prope plura dolentibus ex animo, sic Derisor vero plus laudatore movetur. Reges dicuntur multis urgere culullis, Et torquere mero, quern perspexisse laborant. An sit araicitia dignus. As hirelings, paid for their funereal tear, Outweep the sorrows of a friend sincere, So the false raptures of a flatterer's art Exceed the praises of an honest heart. Monarchs, 'tis said, with many a flowing bowl Search through the deep recesses of his soul, Whom for their future friendship they design, And put him to the torture in his wine. Trifles. A. P. 451. Hae nugae seria ducent In mala. For trifles such as these To serious mischiefs lead the man I love. Leech. A. P. 476. Non missura cutem nisi plena cruoris hirudo. And like a leech voracious of his food, Quits not his cruel hold till gorged with blood. JUVENALiS 157 JUVENALIS A Listener. Sat. i. 1. Semper ego auditor tantum ? nunquamne reponam, Vexatus toties rauci Theseide Codri ? O heavens ! while thus hoarse Codrus perseveres To force his Theseid on my tortured ears. Shall I not once attempt "to quit the score," Always an auditor, and nothing more ! Paper. Sat. i. 18. Periturae parcere chartse. To spare paper that is sure to be wasted. Satire. Sat. i. 30. Difficile est satiram non scribere. Tis hard a less adventurous course to choose. While folly plagues, and vice inflames the Muse. Spleen from Seeing the Unworthy. Sat, i. 31. Nam quis iniqua9 Tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se, Causidici nova quum veniat lectica Mathonis, Plena ipso. For who so slow of heart, so dull of brain, So patient of the town, as to contain His bursting spleen, when, full before his eye, Swings the new chair of lawyer Matho by. Honour Starves on Universal Praise. Sat. i. 73. Aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum, Si vis esse aliquis : probitas laudatur et alget. Dare nobly, man ! if greatness be thy aim. And practise what may chains and exile claim : On GuUt's broad base thy towering fortunes raise, For virtue starves on — universal praise ! ff^ Lr./'CM^:;^ 158 JUVENALIS Satire. JSat. i. 79. Si natura negat, facit indignatio versum, Qualemciinque potest, quales ego vel Cluvienus. No ; Indignation, kindling as she views. Shall, in each breast, a generous warmth infuse, And pour, in Nature and the Nine's despite, Such strains as I or Cluvienus write ! Subjects of Satire. iSat. i. 85. Quicquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira, voluptas, Gaudia, discursus, nostri est farrago libelli. Whatever passions have the soul possest, Whatever wild desires inflamed the breast, Joy, Sorrow, Fear, Love, Hatred, Transport, Rage, Shall form the motley subject of my page, Death. JSat. i. 144. Hinc subitee mortes, atque intestata senectus. Hence sudden death, and age without a will. Vice. JSat. i. 147. Nil erit ulterius, quod nostris moribus addat Posteritas : eadem cupient facientque minores. Omne in prajcipiti vitium stetit. Nothing is left, nothing, for future times To add to the full catalogue of crimes ; The baffled sons must feel the same desires, And act the same mad follies, as their sires. Vice has attain'd its zenith :— then set sail. Spread all thy canvas. Satire, to the gale. Hypocrisy. JSat. ii. 3. Qui Curios simulant et Bacchanalia vivunt. When from their lips the cant of virtue falls, Who preach like Curii, live like Bacchanals ! JUVENALIS 159 Hypocrisy. JSat. ii. 8. Fronti nulla fides. Trust not to outward show. The Gracchi. JSat. ii. 24. Quis tulerit Gracchos de seditione querentes ? Quis ccElum terris non misceat et mare coelo Si fur displiceat Verri, homicida Miloni ? ' Clodius accuset mcechos, Catilina Cethegum ? In tabulam Sullse si dicant discipuli tres ? This we might bear ; but who his spleen could rein And hear the Gracchi of the mob complain ? Who would not mingle earth, and sea, and sky Should Milo murder, Verres theft decry, ' Clodius adultery ? Catiline accuse Cethegus, Lentulus, of factious views. Or Sylla's pupils, soil'd with deeper guilt, Arraign their master for the blood he spilt ? The Bad. Sat. ii. 47. Magna inter molles concordia. There is great union among the dissolute. The Powerful are Acquitted. JSat. ii. 63. Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas. And while with partial aim their censure moves Acquit the vultures, and condemn the doves ! ' A Wicked Man. Sat. ii. 83. Nemo repente venit turpissimus. For none become at once completely vile. Atheism. Sat. ii. 149. Esse aliquid Manes, et subterranea regna, Et contum, et Stygio ranas in gurgite nigras, 160 JUVENALIS Atque una transire vadum tot millia cymb^, Nee pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum sere lavantur. That angry Justice form'd a dreadful hell, That ghosts in subteiTanean regions dwell, That hateful Styx his sable current rolls, And Charon ferries o'er unbodied souls, Are now as tales or idle fables prized ; By children questioned, and by men despised : Yet these do thou believe. Character of the Romans. Sat. iii. 41. Quid Romse faciam 1 Mentiri nescio : librum, Si malus est, nequeo laudare et poscere : motus Astrorum ignore : f unus promittere patris Nee volo, nee possum : ranarum viscera nunquam Inspexi. But why, my friend, should I at Rome remain ? I cannot teach my stubborn lips to feign ; Nor, when I hear a great man's verses, smile, And beg a copy, if I think them vile. A sublunary wight, I have no skill To read the stars ; I neither can nor will Presage a father's death ; I never pried In toads for poison, nor— in aught beside. Freedmen. Sat. iii. 72. Viseera magnarum domuum dominique futuri. Minions, then lords of every princely dome. The Greeks. Sat. iii. 78. Grteculus esuriens in coelum, jusseris, ibit. All trades his own, your hungry Greekling counts ; And bid him mount the sky— the sky he mounts ! A Flatterer. Sat. iii. 86. Adulandi gens prudentissima laudat^ Sermonem indoeti, faciem deformis amici. For lo ! where versed in every soothing art, The wily Greek assails his patron's heart, Finds in each dull harangue an air, a grace, And all Adonis in a Gorgon face. JUVENALIS 161 The Greeks. Sat. iii. 100. Natio comoeda est. Hides ? meliore caehinno Concutitur : flet, si lacrumas conspexit amici Nee dolet : ignieulum brumae si tempore poscas Accipit endromidem : si dixeris, ^Estuo, sudat. ' Greece is a theatre where all are players • For lo ! their patron smiles,-tliey burst' with mirth • He weeps,-they droop, the saddest souls on earth • ' He calls for fire,— they court the mantle's heat • ' lis warm, he cries,— and they dissolve in sweat. Money. Sat. iii. 143. Quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in arcd Tantum habet et fidei. ' What table does he keep, what slaves maintain, And what, they ask, and where, is his domain ' These weighty matters known, his faith they rate And square his probity to his estate. Poverty. Sat. iii. 152. Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, Quam quod ridiculos homines faeit. O Poverty ! thy thousand ills combined Sink not so deep into the generous mind, As the contempt and laughter of mankind. Poverty. Sat. iii. 164. Haud facile emergunt, quorum virtutibus obstat Res angusta domi ; sed Romse durior illis Conatus : magno hospitium miserabile, macmo Servorum ventres, et frugi ccenula magno. Depress'd by indigence, the good and wise. In every chme, by painful efforts rise ; Here, by more painful still, where scanty cheer, roor lodging, mean attendance,— all is dear. 162 JUVENALIS Gold. JSat. iii. 182. Commune id vitium est. Hie vivimus ambitios^ Paupertate omnes. Quid te moror ? Omnia Romee Cuiu pretio. Such is the reigning vice ; and so we flaunt, Proud in distress, and prodigal in want. Briefly, my friend, here all are slaves to gold, And words, and smiles, and everything is sold. A Man's Own is Precious, However Small. JSat. iii. 230. Est aliquid, quocunque loco, quocunque recessu, Unius sese dominum fecisse lacertse. And, sure, in any corner we can get, To call one lizard ours is something yet. The Poor. Sat. iii. 288 Miserse cognosce prooemia rixse, Si rixa est. ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. Stat contra starique jubet ; parere necesse est. Nam quid agas, cum te furiosus cogat et idem Fortior ? Unde venis 1 exclamat : cujus aceto, Cujus conclie tumes 1 quis tecum sectile porrum Sutor et elixi vervecis labra comedit ] Nil mihi respondes ? Aut die, aut accipe calcem ! Ede, ubi consistas, in qua te qusero proseucha I Dicere si tentes aliquid tacitusve recedas, Tantundem est ; feriunt pariter : vademonia deinde Irati faciunt. Libertas pauperis hsec est. The prelude to our doughty quarrel hear— If that be deem'd a quarrel where, Heaven knows, He only gives, and I receive, the blows. Across my path he strides, and bids me stand ! I bow, obsequious to the dread command ; What else remains, where madness, rage, combine "With youth, and strength superior far to mine ? »' Whence come you, rogue?" he cries ; " whose beans to-night Have stuff'd you thus ? what cobbler clubb'd his mite For leeks and sheep's-head porridge? Dumb ! quite dumb ! Speak, or be kick'd.— Yet, once again ! your home ? Where shall I find you ? At what beggar s stand. Temple, or bridge, whimp'ring with out-stretch d hand . $$£>« JUVENALIS 163 Whether I strive some humble plea to frame Or steal in silence by, 'tis just the same ; ' I 'm beaten first, then dragg'd in rage away. Bound to the peace, or punish'd for the fray. Mark here the boasted freedom of the poor ! The Guilty. iSat. iv. 5. Quid refert igitur, quantis jumenta fatiget Porticibus ? quanta nemorum vectetur in umbr^ ? Jugera quot vicina foro, quas emerit a3des ? Nemo mains felix. Avails it, then, in what long colonnades He tires his mules ? through what extensive glades His chair is borne ? what vast estates he buys ? What splendid domes that round the Forum rise ? Ah, no !— Peace visits not the guilty mind. A Tyrant. Sat. iv. 86. Quid violentius aure tyranni. For tyrants' ears, alas ! are ticklish things. A Freemax. Sat. iv. 89. Ille igitur nunquam direxit brachia contra Torrentem, nee civis erat, qui libera posset Verba animi proferre, et vitam impendere vero. So did the good old man his tongue restrain ; Nor strove to stem the torrent's force in vain. Not one of those who, by no fears deterr'd, Spoke the free soul, and truth to life preferr'd. The Great and Good. Sat. iv. 150. Utinam his potius nugis tota ille dedisset Tempera saevitise, claras quibus abstulit Urbi lllustresque animas impune et vindice nullo ! Oh, that such scenes (disgraceful at the most) Mad all those years of cruelty engrost, Through which his rage pursued the great and good, Uncheck d, while vengeance slumber'd o'er their blood ! tiliiiyftliriliililrP^''^-""* 164 JUVENALIS Generosity. Sat. V. 108. Nemo petit, modicis quae mittebantur amicis A Senec^, quae Piso bonus, quae Cotta solebat Largiri ; namque et titulis et fascibus olim Major habebatur donandi gloria. We look not to receive What Seneca, what Cotta used to send, Wliat the good Piso, to an humble friend ;— For bounty once preferr'd a fairer claim, Than birth or power, to honourable fame. The Selfish. Sat. V. 113. Esto, ut nunc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis. Eich to yourself, to your dependants poor. A Barren Wife. Sat. V. 140. Jucundum et canim sterilis facit uxor amicum. A barren wife procures The kindest, truest friends ; such then be yours. A Good Dinner. Sat. V. 162. Captum te nidore suae putat ille culinse. He thinks you a vile slave, drawn, by the smell Of his warm kitchen, there. Dowry. Sat. vi. 139. Veniunt a dote sagittse. And 'twas her dower that wing'd the unerring dart. Description of a Rich and Noble Wife. Sat. vi. 165. (Rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cycno) Quis feret uxorem, cui constant omnia ? Malo, Malo Venusinam, quam te, Cornelia mater Gracchorum, si cum magnis virtutibus afFers Grande supercilium, et numeras in dote triumpbos. JUVENALIS 165 ToUe tuum, precor, Hannibalem, victumque Syphacem In castris, et cum tot4 Carthagine migra. A^d (though a coal-black swan be far less rare) Chaste as the Sabine wives, who rush'd between Ihe kindred hosts, and closed the unnatural scene • Yet who could bear to lead an humbled life Cursed with that veriest plague, a faultless 'wife ' — borne simple rustic at Venusium bred. Oh, let me, rather than Cornelia, wed, If, to great virtues, greater pride she join, And count her ancestors as current coin Take back, for mercy's sake, thy Hannibal ' Away with vanquished Syphax, camp and all ! Troop, with the whole of Carthage ! I 'd be free i^rom all this pageantry of worth— and thee. Greek Language. Sat. vi. 188. . Omnia GroGce, Cum sit turpe magis nostris nescire Latine. AH now is Greek : in Greek their souls they pour In Greek their fears, hopes, joys ;— what would you more ? Let my Will stand for a Reason. Sat. vi. 221. Nulla unquam de morte hominis cunctatio longa est O demens, ita servus homo est ? nil fecerit, esto : Hoc volo, sic jubeo, sit pro ratione voluntas. For when the life of man is in debate. No time can be too long, no care too great ; Hear all, weigh all with caution, I advise. \i ??^,^ sniveller ! is a slave a man?" she cries. He s innocent ! be 't so— 'tis my command My will ; let that, sir, for a reason stand." * Women. Sat. vi. 242. Nulla fere causa est, in qu4 non foemina litem Moverit. Women support the bar : they love the law, And raise litigious questions for a straw ; They meet in private and prepare the bill. Draw up the instructions with a lawyer's skill. 166 JUVENALIS Curtain Lectures. Sat. vi. 268. Semper habet lites alternaque jurgia lectus, In quo nupta jacet : minimum dormitur in illo. 'Tis night ; yet hope no slumbers with your wife ; The nuptial bed is still the scene of strife : There lives the keen debate, the clamorous brawl, And quiet " never comes, that comes to all." Crocodile Tears. Sat. vi. 273. Uberibus semper lacrimis semperque paratis, In statione su^ atque expectantibus illam, Quo jubeat manare modo. And weeps her injuries from imagined names, With tears that, marshall'd, at their station stand, And flow impassion'd as she gives command. Evils of Peace. Sat. vi. 292. Nunc patimur longse pacis mala. Ssevior armis Luxuria incubuit, victumque ulciscitur orbem. Now all the evils of long peace are ours ; Luxury, more terrible than hostile powers, Her baleful influence wide around has hurl'd, And well avenged the subjugated world. The Keepers. Sat. vi. 347. Pone seram ; cohibe. Sed quis custodiet ipsos Custodes? I hear, old friends, I hear you : " Make all sure ; Let spies suiTOund her, and let bolts secure." But who shall keep the keepers ? Itch of Scribbling. Sat. vii. 51. Tenet insanabile multos Scribendi cacoethes, et segro in corde senescit. The insatiate itch of scribbling, hateful pest, Creeps, like a tetter, through the human breast. Nor knows, nor hopes a cure ; since years, which chiU AH other passions, but inflame the ill. IP JUVENALIS 167 To Paint a Character. Sat. vii. 56. Nequeo monstrare et sentio tantum. He whom I feel, but want the power to paint. Repetition. Sat. vii. 154. Occidit miseros crambe repetitd magistros. The self -same subjects, in the self -same words ; Till, like hash'd cabbage served for each repiist, The repetition— kills the wretch at last. All wish to Know. Sat. vii. 157. Nosse velint omnes, mercedem solvere nemo. All wish to know, but none the price will pay. A White Crow. Sat. vii. 202. Felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo. He, then, is lucky ; and, amidst the clan. Ranks with the milk-white crow or sable swan. Teachers. Sat. vii. 207. Dl, majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere terraui, Spirantesque crocos, et in urna perpetuum ver, Qui prseceptorem sancti voluere parentis Esse loco. Shades of our sires ! oh, sacred be your rest, And lightly lie the turf upon your breast ! Plowers round your urns breathe sweets beyond compare. And spring eternal shed its influence there .' You honour'd tutors, now a slighted race. And gave them all a parent's power and place. Pedigree. Sat. viii. 1. Stemmata quid faciunt 1 Quid prodest, Pontice, longo Sanguine censeri pictosque ostendere vultus Majorum. • ■ :?sSgi^ 168 JUVENALIS *' Your ancient house ! " No more. — I cannot see The wondrous merits of a pedigree : No, Ponticus ; — nor of a proud display Of smoky ancestors, in wax or clay. Virtue. Sat. viii. 19. Tota licet veteres exornent undique cerae Atria, nobilitas sola est atque unica virtus. Paulus, vel Cossus, vel Drusus moribus esto : Hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum : Praecedant ipsas illi te consule virgas. Prima mihi debes animi bona. Sanctus haberi, Justitioeque tenax factis dictisque mereris ? Agnosco procerem. Fond man ! though all the heroes of your line Bedeck your halls, and round your galleries shine In proud display ; yet take this truth from me, Virtue alone is true nobility. Set Cossus, Drusus, Paulus, then, in view, The bright example of their lives pursue ; Let these precede the statues of your race. And these, when consul, of your rods take place. Oh give me inborn worth ! Dare to be just, Firm to your word, and faithful to your trust : These praises hear, at least deserve to hear, I grant your claim, and recognise tlie peer. The Ignobly Born. Sat. viii. 44. Vos humiles, inquis, vulgi pars ultima nostri, Quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis ; Ast ego Cecropides. Vivas, et originis hujus Gaudia longa feras ; tamen iraa plebe Quiritem Facundum invenies : solet hie defendere causas Nobilis indocti. Veniet de plebe togata, Qui juris nodos et legum senigmata solvat. "Away, away ! ye slaves of humblest birth, Ye dregs of Rome, ye nothings of the earth. Whose fathers who shall tell ! my ancient line Descends from Cecrops," Man of blood divine ! Live, and enjoy the secret sweets which spring In breasts affined to so remote a king ! — Yet know, amid those " dregs," low grandeur's scorn, Will those be found whom arts and arms adorn ; Some skill'd to plead a noble blockhead's cause, And solve the dark enigmas of the laws. JUVENALIS 169 Common Sense. Sat. viii. 73. Rarus enim ferme sensus communis in ill^ Fortund. Perhaps, with truth r—for rarely shall we find A sense of modesty in that proud kind. To Build on the Fame of Others. Sat. viii. 76. Miserum est aliorum incumbere famse, Ne collapsa ruant subductis tecta columnis. Stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos. Esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem Integer. Ambiguaj si quando citabere testis Incertseque rei ; Phalaris licet imperet, ut sis Falsus, et a^moto dictet perjuria tauro, Summum crede nefas animam proeferre pudori, Et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. 'Tis dangerous building on another's fame, Lest the substructure fail, and on the ground Your baseless pile be hurl'd, in fragments, round.— Stretch'd on the plain, the vine's weak tendrils try To clasp the elm they drop from ; fail— and die ! Be brave, be just ; and, when your country's laws Call you to witness in a dubious cause, Though Phalaris plant his bull before your eye And, frowning, dictate to your lips the lie, ' Think it a crime no tears can e'er efface. To purchase safety with compliance base, At honour's cost a feverish span extend, And sacrifice for life, life's only end ! Life ! 'tis not life— who merits death is dead. Vice in High Places. Sai. viii. 140. Omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se Crimen habet, quanto major, qui peccat, habetur. Vice glares more strongly in the public eye, As he who sins in power or place is high. Sins of Youth. Sat. viii. 165. Breve sit, quod turpiter audes. ^ ■^^-^-jdBJMaiBBiAai.rfaifl 170 JUVENAL'S Brief let our follies be ; and youthful sin Fall with the firstlings of the manly chin. Seneca and Nero. Sat. viii. 211. Libera si dentur populo sufFragia, quis tam Perditus, ut dubitet Senecam prteferre Neroni ? Who, Nero, so depraved, if choice were free, To hesitate 'twixt Seneca and thee ? Ancestors. Sat. viii. 269. Malo pater tibi sit Thersites, dummodo tu sis, ^acidse similis, Vulcaniaque arrna capessas, Quam te Thersitse similem producat Achilles. Et, tameii, ut longe repetas, longeque revolvas Nomen, ab infarni gentem deducis asylo. Majorum primus quisquis fuit ille tuorum, Aut pastor fuit, aut illud, quod dicere nolo. For me, who nought but innate worth admire, I 'd rather vile Thersites were thy sire, So thou wert like Achilles, and couldst wield Vulcanian arms, the terror of the field. Than that Achilles should thy father be, And, in his offspring, vile Thersites see. And yet, how high soe'er thy pride may trace The long-forgotten founders of thy race, Still must the search with that asylum end, From whose polluted source we all descend. Haste then, the inquiry haste ; secure to find Thy sire some vagrant slave — some bankrupt hind, Some— but I mark the kindling glow of shame, And will not shock thee with a baser name. The Tongue. Sat. ix. 120. Lingua mali pars pessima servi. The tongue is the vile servant's vilest part. Youth. Sat. ix. 126. Festinat enim decurrere velox Flosculus angustse miserseque brevissima vitse JUVENALIS 171 Portio : dum bibimus, dum serta, unguenta, puellas Poscimus, obrepit non intellecta senectus. For youth, too transient flower ! of life's short day The shortest part, but blossoms— to decay. Lo ! while we give the unregarded hour To revelry and joy, in Pleasure's bower, While now for rosy wreaths our brows to twine, And now for nymphs we call, and now for wine, The noiseless foot of Time steals swiftly by, And ere we dream of manhood, age is nigh. Blindness of Man. Sat. X. i. Omnibus in terris, quse sunt a Gadibus usque Auroram et Gangen, pauci diguoscere possunt Vera bona atque illis multum diversa, remote Erroris nebull Quid enim ratione timemus Aut cupimus ? quid tam dextro pede concipis, ut te Gonatus non poeniteat votique peracti ? Evertere domos totas optantibus ipsis Dl faciles. Nocitura togd, nocitura petuntur Militia. Torrens dicendi copia multis, Et sua mortifera est facundia. Viribus ille Confisus periit admirandisque lacertis. In every clime, from Ganges* distant stream To Gades, gilded by the western beam. Few, from the clouds of mental error free, In its true light or good or evil see. For what, with reason, do we seek or shun ? What plan, how happily soe'er begun. But, finish'd, we our own success lament, And rue the pains so fatally misspent ! To headlong ruin see whole houses driven. Cursed with their prayers, by too indulgent Heaven ! Bewilder'd thus by folly or by fate. We beg pernicious gifts in every state, — In peace, in war. A full and rapid flow Of eloquence lays many a speaker low : Even strength itself is fatal ; Milo tries His wondrous arms, and— in the trial dies ! The Poor. Sat. X. 18. Rarus venit in coenacula miles. While sweetly in their cocklofts slept the poor, And heard no soldier thundering at their door. 172 JUVENAUS Gold. Sat. X. 22. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. Prima fere vota et cunctis notissima templis Divitise ; crescant ut opes, ut maxima toto Nostra sit area foro. Sed nulla aconita bibuutur Fictilibus. Tunc ilia time, cum pocula sumes Gemmata, et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. While, void of care, the beggar trips along, And, in the spoiler's presence, trolls his song. The first great wisli that all with rapture own, The general cry, to every temple known, Is, Gold, gold, gold! — '" and let, all-gracious Powers, The largest chest the Forum boasts be ours ! " Yet none from earthen bowls destruction sip : Dread then the draught, when, mantling at your lip, The goblet sparkles, radiant from the mine. And the broad gold inflames the ruby wine. A Verbose Epistle. Sat. X. 71. Verbosa et grandis epistola venit A Capreis. A huge, wordy letter came to-day From Capreae. Public Corruption. Sat. X. 77. Ex quo sufFragia nulli Vendimus, effudit curas. Nam qui dabat olim Imperium, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se Continet, atque duas tantum res anxius optat, Panem et Circenses. For since their votes have been no longer bought, All public care has vanish'd from their thought ; And those who once, with unresisted sway. Gave armies, empire, everything, away. For two poor claims have long renounced the whole, And only ask — the Circus and the Dole. Love of Power. Sat. X. 96. Et qui nolunt occidere quenquam, Posse volunt. JUVENAUS 173 Tig nature this ; even those who want the will Pant for the dreadful privilege to kill. * High Fortune. Sat. X. 104. . . Qui nimios optabat honores, Et nimias poscebat opes, numerosa parabat Excelsse turris tabulata, unde altior esset Casus, et impulsse prseceps immane ruinaj. You grant me then, Sejanus grosslv err'd. Nor knew what prayer his folly liad preferr'd • For when he begg'd for too much wealth and power Stage above stage, he raised a totterin<^ tower And higher still, and higher ; to be thrown, ' With louder crash, and wider ruin down. Cicero and Demosthenes. Sat. 6. 122. fortunatam natam me consule Romam ! Antonl gladios potuit contemnere, si sic " Omnia dixisset. Ridenda poemata malo, Quam te conspicua3, divina Philippica, famse Volveris a prima quee proxima. iSjevus et ilium Exitus eripuit, quem mirabantur Athense Torrentem, et pleni moderantem frena theatri. Dis ille adversis genitus fatoque sinistro, Quem pater ardentis massse fuligine lippus A carbone, et forcipibus, gladiosque parante Incude, et luteo Vulcano, ad rhetora misit. ^' How fortunate a natal day ivas thine. In that late consulate, O Rome, of mine P^ O soul of eloquence ! had all been found An empty vaunt, like this, a jingling sound. Thou mightst, in peace, thy humble fame have borne And laugh d the swords of Antony to scorn ' ' Yet this would I prefer, the common jest, To that which fired the fierce triumvir's breast, That second scroll, where eloquence divine Burst on the ear, from eveiy glowing line. And he too fell, whom Athens, wondering, saw Her fierce democracy, at will, o'erawe. And '' fulmine over Greece ! " some angry Power ^cowl d, with dire influence, on his natal hour, ^lear d with the glowing mass, the ambitious sire. From anvils, sledges, bellows, tongs, and fire, Irom tempting swords, his own more safe employ. To study rhetoric, sent his hopeful boy. 174 JUVENALIS Fame. Sat. X. 140. Tanto major famce sitis est, quam Virtutis. Quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam, Praemia si tollas. Patriam tamen obruit olim Gloria paucorum et laudis titulique cupido Hajsuri saxis cinerum custodibus ; ad quae Discutienda valent sterilis mala robora ficus ; Quandoqiiidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulcliris. Expeude Hannibaleni ; quot libras in duce summo Invenies ? hie est, quern non capit Africa Mauro Percussa Oceano, Niloque admota tepenti, Kursus ad CEthiopum populos aliosque elephantos. So much the raging thirst of fame exceeds The generous warmth which prompts to worthy deeds, That none confess fair Virtue's genuine power, Or woo her to their breast, without a dower. Yet has this wild desire, in other days, This boundless avarice of a few for praise, This frantic rage for names to grace a tomb Involved whole countries in a general doom : Vain " rage ! " the roots of the wild fig-tree rise. Strike through the marble, and their memory dies ! For, like their mouldering tenants, tombs decay, And, with the dust they hide, are swept away. Produce the urn that Hannibal contains. And weigh the mighty dust, which yet remains ; And is this all? Yet this was once the bold. The aspiring chief, whom Afric could not hold. Though stretch'd in breadth from where the Atlantic roars, To distant Nilus and his sun-burnt shores ; In length, from Carthage to the burning zone, "Where other moors, and elephants are known. Glory. Sat. X. 159. Exitus ergo quis est ? gloria ! vincitur idem Nempe et in exilium prseceps fugit, atque ibi magnus Mirandusque cliens sedet ad praetoria regis, Donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno. Finem animae, quae res humanas miscuit olim, Non gladii. non saxa dabunt, nee tela, sed ille Cannarum vindex ac tanti sanguinis ultor, Annulus. I, demens, et saevas curre per Alpes Ut pueris placeas et declaraatio fias ! JUVENALIS Unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis : ^Estuat infelix angusto limite mundi Ut Gyarae clausus seopulis parv^que Seripho. Quum tamen a figulis munitum iutraverit urbem Sarcophago contentus erit. Mors sola fatetur Quantula sint hominum corpuseula. But what ensued ? Illusive Glory, say, Subdued on Zama's memorable day, He flies in exile to a petty state. With headlong haste, and, at a despot's gate, Sits, mighty suppliant ! of his life in doubt. Till the Bithynian's morning nap be out. No swords, nor spears, nor stones from engines hurl'd, Shall quell the man whose frown alarm'd the world • The vengeance due to Cannae's fatal field. And floods of human gore, a ring shall yield Fly, madman, fly ! at toil and danger mock. Pierce the deep snow, and scale the eternal rock, lo please the rhetoricians, and become, A declamation for the boys of Rome ! One world, the ambitious youth of Pella found Too small ; and toss'd his feverish limbs around. And gasp'd for breath, as if immur'd the while In Gyaraj, or Seriplio's rocky isle : But, entering Babylon, found ample room Withm the narrow limits of a tomb ! Death, the great teacher, Death alone proclaims Ihe true dimensions of our puny frames. Description of Old Age. Sat. X. 188. Da spatium vitae, multos da, Jupiter, annos : Hoc recto vultu, solum hoe et pallidus optas. feed quam eontinuis et quantis longa seneetus Plena malis ? Deformem et tetrum ante omnia vultum, -Uissimilemque sui, deformem pro cute pellem, Pendentesque genas, et tales adspiee rugas, Quales, umbriferos ubi pandit Tabraea saltus, In vetula sealpit jam mater simia bucea. " Life ! length of life !" For this, with earnest cries. Ur sick or well, we supplicate the skies. Pernicious prayer ! for mark what iUs attend, Still, on the old, as to the grave they bend : A ghastly visage to themselves unknown. For a smooth skin a hide with scurf o'ergrown. And such a cheek as many a grandam ape In Tabraca's thick woods is seen to scrape. ;^j«iF I 176 JUVENALIS Beauty and Modesty. Sat. X. 297. Kara est adeo concordia formse Atque pudicitijB. For rarely do we meet, in one combined, A beauteous body and a virtuous mind. Prayer to the Gods. Sat. X. 346. Nil ergo optabunt homines ? Si consilium vis, Permittes ipsis expendere numinibus, quid Conveniat nobis, rebusque sit utile nostris. /^ Nam pro jucundis aptissima quseque dabunt di. ^ Carior est illis homo, quam sibi. Nos animorum ^^ Impulsu, et caeca magnaque cupidine ducti, Conjugium petimus, partumque uxoris : at iUis Notum, qui pueri, qualisque futura sit uxor. Ut tarn en et poscas aliquid, voveasque sacellis Exta, et candiduli divina tomacula porci ; Orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sano : Fort em posce animum, mortis terrore carentem, Qui spatium vitse extremum inter munera ponat Naturae, qui ferre queat quoscunque labores, Nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil, et potiores Herculis aerumnas credat saevosque labores Et Venere, et coenis, et pluma Sardanapali. Monstro, quod ipse tibi possis dare : semita certe Tranquillae per virtutem patet unica vitae. Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia : nos te, Nos facimus, Fortuna, deam coeloque locamus. Say then, shall man, deprived all power of choice, Ne'er raise to Heaven the supplicating voice ? Not so ; but to the gods his fortunes trust : Their thoughts are wise, their dispensations just. What best may profit or delight they know, And real good for fancied bliss bestow : With eyes of pity they our frailty scan ; More dear to them, than to himself, is man. By blind desire, by headlong passion driven, For wife and heirs we daily weary Heaven : Yet still 'tis Heaven's prerogative to know, If heirs, or wife, will bring us weal or woe. But, (for 'tis good our humble hope to prove,) JUVENALIS 177-* That thou mayst still ask something from above, Thy pious offerings to the temple bear. And, while the altars blaze, be this thy prayer : O Thou, who know'st the wants of human kind, Vouchsafe me health of body, health of mind ; A soul prepared to meet the frowns of fate, And look undaunted on a future state ; That reckons death a blessing, yet can bear Existence nobly, with its weight of care ; That anger and desire alike restrains, And count Alcides' toils, and cruel pains, Superior far to banquets, wanton nights, And all the Assyrian monarch's soft delights. Here bound, at length, tliy wishes. I but teach What blessings man by his own powers may reach. The path to peace is virtue. We should see. If wise, O Fortune, nought divine in thee : But we have deified a n.ame alone. And fixed in heaven thy visionary throne. Know Thyseij'. Sat. xi. 24. Ilium ego jure Despiciam, qui scit, quanto sublimior Atlas Omnibus in Libya sit montibus ; hie tamen idem Ignoret, quantum ferratd distet ab arc^ Sacculus. E coclo descendit TvaOi o-eavroi/, Figendura et memori tractandum pectore. Whip me the fool who marks how Atlas soars O'er every hill on Mauritania's shores. Yet sees no difference 'twixt the coffer's hoards And the poor pittance a small purse affords. Heaven sent us, " Know thyself ! " Be this imprest In living characters upon thy breast, And still revolved. Know Thyself. Sat. xi. 35. Noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus In summis minimisque, etiam cum piscis emetur, Ne mullum cupias, cum sit tibi gobio tantum In loculis. Quis enim te, deficiente crumen4 Et crescente guld, manet exitus, aere paterno Ac rebus mersis in ventrem fcenoris atque Argenti gravis, et pecorum, agrorumque capacem. Yes, Know Thyself : in great concerns, in small, Be this thy care, for this, my friend, is all : M 178 JUVENALIS JUVENALIS 179 Nor when tliy purse will scarce a gudgeon buy, With fond intemperance, for turbots sigh ! Oh, think what end awaits thee, timely think, If thy throat widens as thy pockets shrink, Thy throat, of all thy father's thrift could save, Flocks, herds, and fields, the insatiable grave. Pleasures. Sat, xi. 208. Voluptates commendat rarior usus. For still the sweetest pleasures soonest cloy. And its best flavour temperance gives to joy. Avarice. Sat. xii. 50. Non propter vitam faciunt patrimonia quidam, Sed vitio cseci propter patrimonia vivunt. Few GAIN TO LIVE, Corvinus, few or none ; But, blind with avarice, live to gain alone. Remorse. Sat. xiii. 1. Exemplo quodcunque malo committitur, ipsi Displicet auctori. Man, wretched man, whene'er he stoops to sin. Feels, with the act, a strong remorse within. Conscience. Sat. xiii. 3. Se judice nemo nocens absolvitur. 'Tis the first vengeance : conscience tries the cause. And vindicates the violated laws. Moderation. Sat. xiii. 11. Ponamus nimios gemitus ; flagrantior aequo Non debet dolor esse viri nee vulnere major. Then moderate thy grief ; 'tis mean to show An anguish disproportion'd to the blow. AViSDOM BY Experience. Sat. xiii. 20. Ducimus autem Hos quoque felloes, qui ferre incommoda vitse, Nee jactare jugum vitd didicere magistrl Wisdom, I know, contains a sovereign charm To vanquish fortune, or at least disarm : Blest they who walk in her unerring rule !— • Nor those unblest who, tutor'd in life's school, Have learn'd of old experience to submit, And lightly bear the yoke they cannot quit. The Good. Sat. xiii. 26. Rari quippe boni : numero vix sunt totidem, quot Thebarum portse, vel divitis ostia Nili. The good, alas, are few ! " The valued file," Less than the gates of Thebes, the mouths of Nile ! The Gods as Witnesses. Sat. xiii. 75. Tam facile et pronum est, superos contemnere testes Si mortalis idem nemo sciat ! ' For 'tis so common, in this age of ours. So easy, to contemn the Immortal Powers, That, can we but elude man's searching eyes, "We laugh to scorn the witness of the skies. Slowness of Punishments and Fates op Men. Sat. xiii. 100. Ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira deorum est. Si curant igitur cunctos punire nocentes, Quando ad me venient ? sed et exorabile numen Fortasse experiar : solet his ignoscere. Multi Committunt eadem diverso crimina fato : lUe crucem sceleris pretium tulit, hie diadema. *' But grant the wrath of Heaven be great ; 'tis slow, And days, and months, and years, precede the blow. If, then, to punish all, the gods decree. When, in their vengeance, wiQ they come to me ? 180 JUVENALIS But T, perhaps, their anger may appease — For they are wont to pardon faults like these : At worst, there 's hope ; since every age and clime See different fates attend the self -same crime ; Some made by villainy, and some undone, And this ascend a scaffold, that a throne." Money. Sat. xiii. 134. Ploratur lacrymis amissa pecunia veris. And money is bewail'd with deeper sighs Than friends or kindred, and with louder cries. Philosophy. Sat. xiii. 187. Plurima felix Paulatim vitia, atque errores exuit omnes, Prima docet rectum Sapientia : quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi exiguique voluptas Ultio. Continuo sic coUige, quod vindict^ Nemo magis gaudet, quam foemina. Cur tamen hos tu Evasisse putes, quos diri conscia facti Mens habet attonitos, et surdo verbere csedit, Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum ? Poena autem vehemens, ac multo ssevior illis, Quas et Csedicius gravis invenit, et Rhadamantlius, Nocte dieque suum gestare in pectore testem. Divine philosophy ! by whose pure light We first distinguish, then pursue the right, Thy power the breast from every error frees, And weeds out all its vices by degrees ; Illumined by thy beam, revenge we find The abject pleasure of an abject mind, And hence so dear to poor, weak, womankind. But why are those, Calvinus, thought to 'scape Unpunish d, whom, in every fearful shape. Guilt still alarms, and conscience, ne'er asleep. Wounds with incessant strokes, " not loud but deep," While the vex'd mind, her own tormentor, plies A scorpion scourge, unmark'd by human eyes ? Trust me, no tortures which the poets feign Can match the fierce, the unutterable pain He feels, who night and day, devoid of rest, Carries his own accuser in his breast. JUVENALIS 181 Wickedness Devised is Done. Sat. xiii. 209. Nam scelus intra se taciturn qui cogitat ullum, Facti crimen habet. For, IN THE EYE OF Heaven, a wicked deed Devised, is done. Nature Fixed. Sat. xiii. 239. Tamen ad mores natura recurrit Damnatos, fixa et mutari nescia. Incapable of change. Nature still Recurs to her old habits. Heaven neither Deaf nor Blind. Sat. xiii. 247. Poen^ gaudebis amar^ Nominis invisi, tandemque fatebere Isetus, Nee surdum, nee Tiresiam quenquam esse deorum. This, thou shalt see : and, while thy voice applauds The dreadful justice of the offended gods. Reform thy creed, and, with a humble mind. Confess that Heaven is neither deaf nor blind ! A Petty Tyrant. Sat. xiv. 20. Antiphates trepidi laris ac Polyphemus. Who, the stern tyrant of his small domain, The Polypheme of his domestic train. Paternal Example. Sat. xiv. 31. Velocius et citius nos Corrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magnia Cum subeunt animos auctoribus. Unus et alter Forsitan hsec spernant juvenes, quibus arte benign A Et meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan. Sed reliquos fugienda patrum vestigia ducunt, Et monstrata diu veteris trahit orbita culpse. So Nature prompts : drawn by her secret tie, We view a parent's deeds with reverent eye ; 182 JUVENALIS JUVENALIS 183 With fatal haste, alas ! the example take. And love the sin, for the dear sinner's sake . One youth, perhaps, form'd of superior clay, And warm'd by Titan with a purer ray, May dare to slight proximity of blood, And, in despite of nature, to be good : One youth — the rest the beaten pathway tread, And blindly follow where their fathers led. Youth. Sat. xiv. 40. Quoniam dociles imitandis Turpibus ac pravis omnes sumus ; et Catilinam Quocunque in populo videas, quocunque sub axe : Sed nee Brutus erit, Bruti nee avunculus usquam. Nil dictu foedum visuque hsec limina tangat, Intra quae puer est. For youth is facile, and its yielding will Receives, with fatal ease, the imprint of ill : Hence Catilines in every clime abound ; But where are Cato and his nephew found ! Swift from the roof where youth, Fuscinus, dwell, Immodest sights, immodest sounds expel ; The place is sacred ; far, far hence, remove. Children. Sat. xiv. 47. Maxima debetur puero reverentia. Si quid Turpe paras, ne tu pueri contemseris annos : Sed peccaturo obstet tibi filius infans. Reverence to children, as to heaven, is due : Wlien you would, then, some darling sin pursue, Think that your infant offspring eyes the deed ; And let the thought abate your guilty speed, Back from the headlong steep your steps entice, And check you, tottering on the verge of vice. Evil Example. Sat. xiv. 56. Unde tibi frontem libertatemque parentis, Cum facias pejora senex. Audacious ! with what front do you aspire To exercise the licence of a sire ? When all, with rising indignation, view The youth in turpitude surpass'd by you. The Jews. Sat. xiv. 96. Quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem, Nil praeter nubes et coeli numen adorant ; Nee distare pntant human^ carne suillam, Qu4 pater abstinuit ; mox et prseputia ponunt : Romanas autem soliti contemnere leges, Judaicum ediscunt, et servant, ac metuunt jus, Tradidit arcano quodcunque volumine Moses ; Non monstrare vias, eadem nisi sacra colenti ; Qusesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos. Sed pater in caus^, cui septima quseque fuit lux Ignava, et partem vitae non attigit uUam. Sprung from a father who the Sabbath fears. There is who nought but clouds and skies reveres ; And shuns the taste, by old tradition led, Of human flesh, and swine's, with equal dread ; This first : the prepuce next he lays aside, And, taught the Roman ritual to deride. Clings to the Jewish, and observes with awe All Moses bade in his mysterious law : And, therefore, to the circumcised alone Will point the road, or make the fountain known ; Wam'd by his bigot sire, who whiled away. Sacred to sloth, each seventh revolving day. Avarice. Sat. xiv. 152. Sed qui sermones ? quam foedse buccina famse ? Quid nocet hoc ? inquit. Tunicam mihi malo lupini, Quam si me toto laudet vicinia pago, Exigui ruris paucissima farra secantem. *' And what of that?" he cries. " I valued more A single lupine, added to my store, Than all the country's praise ; if cursed bv fate With the scant produce of a small estate. ' Riches. Sat. xiv. 176. Nam dives qui fieri vult, Et cito vult fieri. Since he who covets wealth disdains to wait. I| 184. JUVENALIS JUVENALIS 185 Money. Sat. xiv. 204. Lucri bonus est odor ex re QuS,libet. Ilia tuo sententia semper in ore Versetur, dts atque ipso Jove digna, poetae : Unde habeas, quserit nemo ; sed oportet habere. And gain smells sweet, from whatsoe'er it springs. This golden sentence, which the powers of heaven, Which Jove himself, might glory to have given, Will never, never, from your thoughts, I trust, — None question whence it comes ; but come it must. Vice. Sat. xiv. 233. Nemo satis credit tantum delinquere, quantum Permittas : adeo indulgent sibi latius ipsi. None sin by rule ; none heed the charge precise, Thus, and no farther, may ye step in vice ; But leap the bounds prescribed, and, with free pace, Scour far and wide the interdicted space. Wealth. Sat. xiv. 304. Misera est magni custodia census. Wealth, by such dangers earn'd, such anxious pain, Requires more care to keep it than to gain. Nature and Wisdom. Sat. xiv. 321. Nunquam aliud Natura, aliud Sapientia dicit. Nature and wisdom never are at strife. Superstition. Sat. XV. 10. sanctas gentes, quibus hsec nascuntur in horti Numina ! O holy nations ! Sacro-sanct abodes ! Where every garden propagates its gods. Bigotry. Sat. XV. 35. Summus utrimque Inde furor vulgo, quod numina vicinorum Odit uterque locus, cum solos credat habendos Esse deos quos colit. Between two neighbouring towns a deadly hate, Sprung from a sacred grudge of ancient date, Yet burns ; a hate no lenients can assuage, No time subdue, a rooted, rancorous rage. Blind bigotry, at first, the evil wrought : For each despised the other's gods, and thought Its own the true, the genuine, in a word, The only deities to be adored. The Wicked. Sat. XV. 70. Terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos. Now, earth, grown old and frigid, rears with pain A pigmy brood, a weak and wicked train. Feeling Hearts. Sat. XV. 131. Mollissima corda Humano generi dare se Natura fatetur, Quae lacrymas dedit : hsec nostri pars optima sensus. Plorare ergo jubet casum lugcntis amici, Squaloremque rei, pupillum ad jura vocantem Circumscriptorem, cujus manantia fletu Ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli. Naturae imperio gemimus, cum funus adultae Virginis occurrit, vel terra clauditur infans, Et minor igne rogi. Quis enim bonus et face dignus • Arcan^, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos, Ulla aliena sibi credat mala ? Separat hoc nos A grege mutorum, atque ideo venerabile soli Sortiti ingenium, divmorumque capaces Atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti Sensum a ccelesti demissum traximus arce, Cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. Mundi Principio indulsit communis conditor illis Tantum animas, nobis animum quoque, mutuus ut nos Aflfectus petere auxilium et prsestare juberet. 186 JUVENALiS Nature, who gave us tears, by that alone Proclaims she made the feeling heart our own ; And 'tis her noblest boon. This bids us fly- To wipe the drops from sorrowing friendship's eye. Sorrowing ourselves ; to wail the prisoner's state, And sympathise in the wrong'd orphan's fate, Compell'd his treacherous guardian to accuse, While many a shower his blooming cheek bedews. And through his scatter'd tresses, wet with tears, A doubtful face, or boy or girl's, appears. As Nature bids, we sigh, when some bright maid Is, ere her spousals, to the pyre convey'd ; Some babe, by fate's inexorable doom, Just shewn on earth, and hurried to the tomb. For who, that to the sanctity aspires "Which Ceres for her mystic torch requires. Feels not another's woes ? This marks our birth ; The great distinction from the beasts of earth ! And therefore, — gifted with superior powers, And capable of things divine, — 'tis ours To learn and practise every useful art ; And, from high heaven, deduce that better part, That moral sense, denied to creatures prone. And downward bent, and found with man alone ! — For He who gave this vast machine to roll. Breathed life in them, in us a reasoning soul ; That kindred feelings might our state improve, And mutual wants conduct to mutual love. Bears Agree. Sat. XV. 164. SaBvis inter se convenit ursis. No boar expires beneath a stronger boar. LIVIUS Children. i. 9. Liberi, quo nihil carius humano generi est. Children, a bond of union than which the human heart feels none more endearing. LIVIUS 187 Women. i. 9. Accedebant blanditise virorum factum purgantium, cupi- ditate atque amore ; quae maxime ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces sunt. To these persuasions was added the soothing behaviour of their husbands themselves, who urged, in extenuation of the violence they had been tempted to commit, the excess of passion and the force of love : arguments than which there can be none more power- ful to assuage the irritation of the female mind. The Bad. i. 46. Fere fit malum male aptissimum. Evil is fittest to consort with its like. Fatherland. 11. 1. Caritas ipsius soli, cui longo tempore assuescitur. Affection for the soil itself, which, in length of time, is acquired from habit. A King. ii. 3. Regem hominem esse, a quo impetres ubi jus, ubi in- juria opus sit ; esse gratiae locum, esse beneficio ; et irasci et ignoscere posse ; inter amicum atque inimicum discri- men ndsse. A king was a human being ; from him a request might be ob- tained, whether right or wrong; with him there was room for favour, and for acts of kindness ; he could be angry, and he could forgive ; he knew a distinction between a friend and an enemy. Law. ii. 3. Leges, rem surdam, inexorabilem esse, salubriorem melioremque inopi quam potenti ; nihil laxamenti nee venise habere, si modum excesseris ; periculosum esse, in tot humanis erroribus sol^ innocenti^ vivere. The law is a deaf, inexorable being, calculated rather for the safety and advantage of the poor than of the rich, and admits of no relaxation or indulgence, if its bounds are transgressed. Men being liable to so many mistakes, to have no other security but innocence is a hazardous situation. 188 LIVIUS Faction. ii. 30. Factio respectusque rerum privatarum, quae semper offecere officientque publicis consiliis. A spirit of faction, and men's regard to their own private in- terests, things which ever did, and ever will impede the pubhc counsels. Civil Dissensions. ii. 44. Seditiones inter semet ipsos, id unum venenum, earn labem civitatibus opulentis repertam ut magna imperia mortalia essent. Civil dissensions, the only infection, the only poison that operated, 80 as to set limits to the dmation of great empires. Honour Declined. ii. 47. Spreta in tempore gloria interdum cumulatior redit. So tnie it is, that honour prudently declined often breaks forth with increased lustre. Gratification of Wishes. 111. 1. Fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia. The gratification of their wishes, as is generally the case, in- stantly begot disgust. Present Sufferings. iii. 39. Graviora, quae patiantur, videntur jam hominibus, quam quse metuant. Men feel more sensibly the weight of present sufferings than of such as exist only in apprehension. Great Animosities. iii. 40. Ex magno certamine magnas excitari ferme iraa. Great contests generally excite great animosities. ^■!li-f:<(SKteisiSii^Sut^»~:i.>.,-l<.-iit:'i'lix LIVIUS 189 Pride, iii. 56. . Superbise et crudelitati, etsi seras, non leves tamen venire pcBiias. That the punishments which attended pride and cruelty, though they might come late, were not light. Liberty. iii. 65. Moderatio tuendse libertatis, dum sequari velle simulando ita se quisque extollit, ut deprimat alium, in difficili est ; cavendoque ne metuant homines, metueudos ultro se effi- ciunt ; et injuriam a nobis repulsam, tanquam aut facere aut pati necesse sit, injungimus aliis. So difficult is it to preserve moderation in the asserting of liberty, while, under the pretence of a desire to balance rights, each ele- vates himself in such a manner as to depress another ; for men are apt, by the very measures which they adopt to free themselves from fear, to become the objects of fear to others, and to fasten upon them the burthen of injustice which they have thrown off from their own shoulders, as if there existed in nature a perpetual necessity either of doing or of suffering injury. Private Interest. iii. 68. Nature hoc ita comparatum est, ut qui apud multitudi- nem sud causfi loquitur, gratior eo sit, cujus mens nihil prseter publicum commodum videt. It results from the nature of the human mind, that he, who ad- dresses the public with a view to his own particular benefit, is studious of rendering himself more generally agreeable than he who has no other object than the advantage of the public. A Good Name. iii. 72. Famse ac fidei damna majora sunt, quam quae aestimari possunt. The loss of reputation and the esteem of mankind are of import- ance beyond what can be estimated. •<4>,Xl^lia4nL 4 190 LiVIUS LIVIUS 191 Factions. iv. 9. Factiones, quae fuere eruntque pluribus populis magis exitio quam bella externa, quam fames, morbive, quaequealia in De^m iras, velut ultima publicorum malorum vertunt. Factions, which have proved, and will ever continue to prove, a more deadly cause of downfall to most states than either foreign wars, or famine, or pestilence, or any other of those evils which men are apt to consider as the severest of public calamities and the effects of divine vengeance. Eewards. iv. 35. Nihil non aggressuros homines, si magnis conatis magna prsemia proponuntur. There was nothing which men would not undertake, if for great attempts great rewards were proposed. Merit. iv. 37. Fortuna, ut ssepe alias, virtutem secuta est. Success, as on many other occasions, attended merit. Public Favours. iv. 57. Gratia atque bonos opportuniora interdum non cupien- tibus sunt. Honours and public favours sometimes offer themselves the more readily to those who have no ambition for them. Pleasure. V. 4. Labor voluptasque dissimillima naturd, societate quadam inter se naturali sunt juncta. Toil and pleasure, in their natures opposite, are yet linked to- gether in a kind of necessary connexion. The Brave Man. V. 20. Qui segnior fit prsedse, fortissimus quisque laboris peri" culique prtecipuam petere partem solet. It is generally the case, that the man who is most ready on every occasion, to undertake the largest share of toil and danger, is the least active in plimdering. War. V. 27. Sunt et belli, sicut pacis jura. War has its laws as well as peace. Fortune. V. 37. Occsecat animos fortuna ubi vim suam ingruentem re- fringi non vult. "When Fortune is determined upon the ruin of a people, she can so blind them as to render them insensible to danger even of the greatest magnitude. Woe. V. 48. Vae victis ! Woe to the vanquished ! Woman. vi. 34. Parvis mobilis rebus animus muliebris. The merest trifles will often affect the female mind. Those on a Level with us. vi. 34. A proximis quisque minime anteiri vult. It is certain that scarcely any man can bear to be surpassed by those nearest their own level. Fate. viii. 24. Ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur. As it frequently happens that men, by endeavouring to shun their fate, nm directly upon it. The Brave. viii. 29. Eventus docuit fortes fortunam juvare. The event afforded a proof that fortune assists the brave. ■'^^m^ 192 LlViUS LIViUS 193 c Envy. viii. 31. Invidiam, tanquam ignem, summa petere. Envy, like flame, soars upwards. Kings. ix. 18. Reges, non liberi solum impedimentis omnibus, sed do- mini rerum temporumque, trahunt consiliis cuncta, non sequuntur. Kings being not only free from every kind of impediment, but masters of circumstances and seasons, control all things in subser- viency to their designs, themselves uncontrolled by any. The Gauls. X. 28. Prima eorum praelia plusquam virorum, postrema minus quam fceminarum esse. In their first efforts they are more than men, yet in their last they are less than women. The Assailant. xxi. 44. Major spes majorque animus inferentis est vim quam arcentis. He who makes the attack, has ever more confidence and spirit than he who stands on the defensive. Depressing the Superior. xxii. 12, Premendorum superiorum arte, quse pessima ars nimis prosperis multorum successibus crevit. The practice of depressing the merit of his superior— a practice of the basest nature, and which has become too general, in conse- quence of the favourable success so often attending it. A Mild Government. xxii. 13. Justum et moderatum imperium, quod unum vinculum fidei est. A mild and equitable government, than which there i8 no stronger bond of loyalty. A Good Co^imander. xxii. 25. Bono imperatori baud magni fortunam momenti esse ; mentem rationemque dominari. To a good commander, fortune is a matter of slight moment ; wisdom and prudence control and govern all things. The Fool. xxii. 29. Primum esse virum, qui ipse consulat, quid in rem sit ; secundum eum, qui bene monenti obediat ; qui nee ipse consulere nee alteri parere sciat, eum extremi ingenii esse. He is the first man, in point of abilities, who of himself forms good counsels ; the next is he who submits to good advice ; he who can neither himself form good counsels nor knows how to comply with those of another, is of the very lowest capacity. Plans of Men. xxii. 38. Consilia res magis dant hominibus quam homines rebus. Men's plans ought to be regulated by circumstances, and not cir- cumstances by their plans. The Fool. xxii. 39. Stultorum eventus magister est. Fools only judge by events. Truth. xxii. 39. Veritatem laborare nimis saepe, aiunt, extingui nunquam. It is commonly said that truth is often eclipsed, but never ex- tinguished. Fame. xxii. 39. Gloriam qui spreverit, veram habebit. He who slights fame, shall enjoy it in its purity. N jfi' 194 LIVIUS LIViUS 195 fc Evil. xxiii. 3. Notissimum quodque malum maxime tolerabile. The evil with which men are best acquainted is the most toler- able. Liberty. xxiv. 21. Libertatis restituta3 dulce auditu nomen. The words — liberty restored — a sound ever delightful to the ears- Great Fortune. xxiv. 22. Facile est momento quo quis velit, cedere possessione magose fortunoe ; facere et parare earn, difficile atque ar- duum est. It is easy at any moment to resign the possession of a great sta- tion ; to arrive at and acquire it is difficult and arduous. The Populace. xxiv. 25. Hsec natura multitudinis est ; aut servit humiliter aut superbe dominatur ; libertatem, quae media est, uec sper- nere modice nee habere sciunt ; et noii ferme desunt irarum indulgentes ministri, qui avidos atque iutemperau- tes plebeiorum animos ad sanguinem et caedes irritent. Such is the nature of the populace ; they are either abject slaves or tyrannic masters. Liberty, which consists in a mean between these, they either undervalue or know not how to enjoy with mo- deration ; and in general there are not wanting agents disposed to foment their passions, who, working on minds which delight in cruelty, and know no restraint in the practice of it, exasperate them to acts of blood and slaughter. Good Management. XXV. 11. Multa, quae impedita naturd sunt, consilio expediuntur. Many things, difficult in their nature, are made easy by good management. Foreboding of Evil. XXV. 35. Moestum quoddam silentium erat et tacita diviuatio, qualis jam praesagientibus animis imminentis mail esse solet. A melancholy kind of sihmce and tacit foreboding ; such a pre- sage of evil as the mind is apt to feel when looking forward with anxiety. Spirited Counsels. XXV. 38. In rebus asperis et tenui spe fortissima quaeque consilia tutissima sunt. In cases of difficulty, and when hopes are small, the most spirited counsels are the safest. Republic of Philosophers. xxvi. 22. Sapientium civitas, quam docti fingunt magis quam n6runt. A republic of philosophers, such as speculative men are fond of forming in imagination, but which was never known. The Gods. xxvii. 17. Ad deos confugere supplices, qui nequeant hominum vim atque injurias pati. To the gods people have recourse with supplications for redress, when they can no longer endure the violence and injustice of men. Fear. xxvii. 44. Metu interprete semper in deteriora inclinato. Fear, which always represents objects in the worst light. Slight Incidents. xxvii. 45. Parva momenta in spem metumque impellere animos. Incidents of light moment frequently impel men's minds to hope or fear. m 196 LIVIUS LiVIUS 197 I A Roman Citizen. xxviii. 19. In omne tempus gravi documento sancirent, ne quis unquara Romanum civ^m militemve in ulla f ortuna oppor- tunum inj arise duceret. By a severe example to establish it as a maxim to all future ages, that no Roman citizen or soldier in any state of fortune should be injured with impunity. Palliating Guilt. xxviii. 25. Ingenia humana sunt ad suam cuique levandam culpam nimio plus facunda. Men's minds are generally ingenious in palliating guilt in them- selves. Wounds. xxviii. 27. Vulnera nisi tacta tractataque sanari non possunt. "Wounds, unless they are touched and handled, cannot be cured. A Multitude. xxviii. 27. Multitude omnis, sicut natura maris, per se immobilis est ; ut venti et aurse cient, ita aut tranquillum aut pro- cellse vobis sunt. Every multitude, like the sea, is incapable of moving itself ; the winds and gales put it in motion. Wickedness. xxviii. 28. Nullum scelus rationem habet. No wickedness proceeds on any ground of reason. Hypocrisy. xxviii. 42. Fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, quum operse sit, cum mercede magn^ fallat. Hypocrisy, by acquiring a foundation of credit in smaller matters, prepares for itself the opportunity of deceiving with greater advan- tage. The Assailant. xxviii. 44. Plus animi est inferenti periculum quam propulsanti. The assailant has ever more spirit than the defendant. The Unknown. xxviii. 44. Major ignotarum rerum est terror. People's apprehensions are greater in proportion as things are unknown. Faults. xxix. 21. Natura insitum quibusdam esse, ut magis peccari nolint quam satis animi ad vindicanda peccata habeant. Some men's natural disposition is such that they shew ra,ther a dislike to the commission of faults than sufficient resolution to punish them when committed. Benefits. XXX. 21. Segnius homines bona quam mala sentiunt. Men have less lively sensations of good than of evil. Gratitude. XXX. 21. Adeo ne adveiiientem quidem gratiam homines benigne accipere, nedutn ut prseteritae satis memores sint. So deficient are men in gratitude, even at the time when a favour is received ; and much less are they apt to retain a proper sense of it afterwards. The Past. XXX, 30. Prseterita magis reprehendi possunt quam corrigi. What is past, however it may be blamed, cannot be retrieved. The Uncertainty of Human Events. XXX. 30. Non temere incerta casuum reputat, quem fortuna nun- quam decepit. fi-v.-. 198 LIVIUS LIVIUS 199 } He whom fortune has never deceived rarely considers the un- certainty of human events. Sound Judgment. XXX. 30. Si in secundis rebus bonam quoqiie mentem darent Dii, non ea solum, quae evenissent, sed etiam ea,quse evenire possent, reputaremus. ^ If, along with prosperity, the gods would grant us a sound judgment, we should consider not only what had already happened but what may possibly happen hereafter. ' High Fortune. XXX. 30. Maximse cuique fortunje minime credendum est. The most exalted state of fortune is ever the least to be relied on. War. XXX. 30. Nusquam minus, quam in bello, eventus respondent. Events less correspond to men's expectations in war than in any other case whatever. Sound Judgment. XXX. 42. Raro simul hominibus bonam fortunam bonamque men- tem dari. Men were seldom blessed with good fortune and a good under- standing at the same time. Good Fortune. XXX. 42. Ex insolentia, quibus nova bona fortuna sit, impotentes Isetitiae insanire. Those who are unaccustomed to success, unable to restrain their transports, run into extravagance. A Great State. XXX. 44. Nulla magna civitas diu quiescit ; si f oris hostem non habet, domi invenit : ut prsevalida corpora ab externis causis tuta videntur, sed suis ipsa viribus onerantur. No great state can remain long at rest. If it has no enemies abroad, it finds them at home : as overgrown bodies seem safe from external injuries, but suffer giievous inconveniences from their own strength. Money. XXX. 44. Nee quicquam acrius, quam pecunice damnum, stimulat. Nothing stings more deeply than the loss of money. The Multitude. xxxi. 34. Nihil tarn incertum nee tam insestimabile est, quam animi multitudinis. Quod promptiores ad subeundam omnem dimicationem videbatur facturum, id metum pigritiamque incussit. Nothing is so uncertain or so difficult to form a judgment of as the minds of the multitude. The very measures which seem cal- culated to increase their alacrity in exertions of every sort, often inspire them with fear and timidity. Demagogues. xxxi. 44. Nee unquam desunt linguae promptce ad plebem conci- tandam, quod genus in omnibus liberis civitatibus favore multitudinis alitur. There are never wanting orators who are ready on every occa- sion to inflame the people— a kind of men who, in all free states, are maintained by the favoui' of the multitude. Law. xxxiv. 3. Nulla lex satis commoda omnibus est ; id modo quseri- tur, si majori parti et in summam prodest. No law perfectly suits the convenience of every member of the community ; the only consideration is, whether upon the whole it be profitable to the greater part. t'ri'Vlti 200 LIVIUS LIVIUS 201 i Avarice and Luxury. xxxiv. 4. Avaritia et luxuria, quae pestes omnia magna imperia everterunt. ° ^ Avarice and luxury, those pests which have ever been the ruin of every great state. " Passions. xxxiv. 4. Sicut ante morbos necesse est cognitos esse, quam re- media eorum : sic cupiditates prius natte sunt quam leges quae ns modum facerent. ^ * As diseases must necessarily be known before their remedies so passu)ns come into being before the laws which prescribe limits to Poverty. xxxiv. 4. Pessimus quidem pudor vel est parsimoni^e vel pauper- oiV^i^tlUX'^ *'^ "^^^'' ^^^^'^^^' ^^ *1- being ashamed TTOMAN. ^A xxxiv. 4. Na^ simul pudere, quod non oportet, caperit ; quod oportet, non pudebit. ' f ^ h Be assured that when once a woman begins to be ashamed of what tl ouSllt.^'* '' ^' "'"^^"^ ^'' ^^^ ^-^^ "«* ^' ^«haS of The Wicked. xxxiv. 4. sol^r"^'^^"^ i^P^obum non accusari tutius est, quam ab- i.eiiimV'si:^^:^'' "'" ^''"'' "^^^^ '^ ^^^^^^^ *^- *^^* Woman. xxxiv. 7. Munditiae, et ornatus et cultus, ha3c foeminarum insig- nia sunt : his gaudent et gloriantur, hunc mundum mulie- brem appellarunt majores nostri. Elegance of appearance, ornaments, and dress, — these are women's badges of distinction ; in these they delight and glory ; these our ancestors called the women's world. Appearances. xxxiv. 12. Ssepe vana pro veris valuisse ; et credentem se aliquid auxilii habere, perinde ac haberet, ipsa fiduciS, et sperando atque audendo servatum. In many cases mere appearances have all the effect of realities, and a person under a firm persuasion that he can command re- sources, virtually has them ; that very prospect inspiring him with hope and boldness in his exertions. The Honourable. xxxiv. 14. Quod pulcherrimum, idem tutissimum est. What is most honourable is likewise safest. Courtiers. xxxiv. 36. Vanis, ut ad caeteram fidem, sic ad secreta tegenda, sa- tellitum regiorum ingeniis. The ministers in the courts of kings, faithless in other respects, are particulaily so in regard to the concealing of secrets. Liberty. xxxiv. 49. Libertas temperata salubris et singulis et civitatibus est ; nimia et aliis gravis et ipsis qui habeiit, efFrenata et prae- ceps est. Liberty, when reguLited by prudence, is productive of happi- ness both to individuals and to states ; but when pushed to excess, it becomes not only obnoxious to others, but precipitates the pos- sessors of it themselves into dangerous rashness and extravagance. Distinctions of Ranks. xxxiv. 54. Omnia discrimina talia, quibus ordines discernerentur et concordise et libertati aeque minuendae sunt. All such distinctions as tend to set the orders of the state at a distance from each other, are equally subversive of liberty and concord. 202 UViUS Ancient Customs. xxxiv. 54. ^ Adeo nihil motum ex antiquo, probabile est veteribus nisi quae usus evidenter arguit, stari malunt. ' So difficult is it to bring people to approve of any alteration of ancient customs : they are always naturally disposed to adhere to dienr"^ ^^ experience evidently proves their inexpe- Familiaritv Breeds Contempt. XXXV. 10. Assiduus in oculis hominum, quoe res minus verendos magnos homines ipsa satietate facit. Being continually in people's sight, which circumstance, by the mere satiety which it creates, diminishes the reverence felt for great characters. Adventurous Schemes. XXXV. 32. Consilia callida et audacia prima specie Iceta, tractatu dura, eventu tristia sunt. Passionate and adventurous schemes, however flatterin- at first views, prove difficult in the execution, and disastrous in ?he issue. Envy. XXXV. 43. Nulla ingenia tam prona ad invidiam sunt, quam eorum, qui genus ac fortunam suam animis non £e quant, quia vir- tutem et bonum ahenuni oderunt. There are no dispositions more prone to envy than those of per- sons whose mental qualifications are inferior to their birth and rank in life ; such always harbour an antipathy to merit as a trea- sure m which they cannot share. ^ ' Degeneracy. xxxviii. 17. Sicut in frugibus pecudibusque, non tantum semina ad servandam mdolem vaient, quantum terrce proprietas csehque, sub quo aluntur, mutat. ♦.3?^^*^'''^ a^']* ^""^^ '^ '*' ^"^^ ^'^^^^'^1 soil attains the greater perfection ; whatever is planted in a foreign land, by a ^adual change m its nature, degenerates into a similitude to that which anoras it nurture. LIVIUS 203 False Religion. xxxix. 16. Nihil enim in speciem fallacius est quam prava religio. Nothing is more apt to deceive by specious appearances than false religion. Sun. xxxix. 26. Nondum omnium dierum sol occidit. My sun has not yet set. Liberty. xxxix. 26. Nee ullius rei minus diuturnam esse gratiara, quam libertatis ; prsesertim apud eos qui male utendo earn corrupturi sint. For no favour produces less permanent gratitude than the gift of liberty, especially among people who are ready to make a bad use of it. Friendships. xl. 46. Vulgatum illud quia verum erat, in proverbium venit ; amicitias immortales. inimicitias mortales debere esse. It is a common saying, and because founded in truth, has become a proverb, that friendships ought to be immortal, but enmities mortal. A Prudent Man. xlii. 62. Modum imponere secundis rebus nee nimis credere serenitati prseseiitis fortunse, prudentis hominis et merito felicis est. To use moderation in prosperity, and not to confide too much in the calm of present circumstances', is the part of a man of prudence who deserved success. Moderation. xlii. 62. In adversis vultum secundae fortunae gere, moderare animos in secundis. Assume in adversity the countenance of prosperity, and in pro- sperity moderate the temper. mu. -■^tfSIFSSS^ aJW!KJ»f5t;«SS?vlfr ' .«-fei If*.-'.'' ;'^'»«5£#*M--'x3 204 LUCANUS LUCANUS 205 Vulgar. xlii. 63. Pravum studium, quo etiain in certaminibus ludicris valgus utitur, deteriori atque infirmiori favendo. The foolish passion which actuates the vulgar, even in contests of sports, of favouring the worse and weaker party. Treachery. xliv. 15. Ipsa se fraus, etiamsi initio cautior fuerit, detegit. In general, treachery, though at first sufficiently cautious vet m the end betrays itself. ^ ^-luuous, yet Man of Spirit. xlv. 8. Is demum yir erit, cujus animum nee prospera statu sue eiteret, nee adversa infringet. He alone will deserve the character of a man who suffers nnf his spint to be elated by the favourable gales of C„r to b broken by its adverse blasts. Arrogance. xlv. 23. Superbiam verborum praesertim, iracundi oderunt, pru- dentes irndent ; utique si inferioris adversus superiorem est. Arrogance creates disgust in some and ridicule in others more especiaUy if it be shewn by an inferior towards a superior. LUCANUS Pride before a Fall. i. 70. Invida fatorum series, summisque negatum Stare diu, nimioque graves sub pondere lapsus, Nee se Roma ferens. But thus the malice of our fate commands. And nothing gi'eat to long duration stands ; Aspiring Rome had risen too much in height. And sunk beneath her own unwieldy weight. Limits to Human Power. i. 81. In se magna ruunt : Isetis bunc numina rebus Crescendi posuere modum. Thus power and greatness to destruction haste, Thus bounds to human happiness are placed. And Jove forbids prosperity to last. Tyrants. 1.92. Nulla fides regni sociis, omnisque potestas Impatiens eonsortis erit. No faith, no trust, no friendship shall be known Among the jealous partners of a throne; But he who reigns shall strive to reign alone. Rivalry. i. 120. Stimulos dedit gemula virtus. And emulation fans the rising flame. Cato. i. 125. Quis justius induit arma Scire nefas : magno se judice quisque tuetur : Vietrix eausa dels placuit, sed vieta Catoni. Justly to name the better cause were hard, While greatest names for either side declared ; Victorious Caesar by the gods was crown'd, The vanquish'd party was by Cato own'd. The Shadow of a Name. i. 135. Stat magni nominis umbra. But stood the shadow of what once he was. 206 LUCANUS LUCANUS 207 iii Cjesae. i. 143. Sed non in Caesare tantum Nomen erat, nee fama duels : sed nescia virtus Stare loco : solusque pudor non vincere belle Acer, et indomitus : quo spes, quoque ira vocasset, Ferre manum, et nunquam temerando parcere ferro : Successus urgere suos : instare favori Numinis : impellens quicquid sibi summa petenti Obstaret : gaudensque viam fecisse ruiii^. But Caesar's greatness and his strength were more Than past renown and antiquated power ; 'Twas not the fame of what he once had been, Or tales in old records and annals seen ; But 'twas a valour restless, unconfined, Which no success could sate nor limits bind ; 'Twas shame, a soldier's shame untaught to yield, That blushed for nothing but an ill-fought field ; Fierce in his hopes he was, nor knew to stay Where vengeance or ambition led the way ; StiU prodigal of war whene'er withstood, Nor spared to stain the guilty sword with blood ; Urging advantage he improved all odds, And made the most of fortune and the gods ; Pleased to o'erturn whate'er withheld his prize, And saw the ruin with rejoicing eyes. Might makes Eight. i. 175. Mensuraque juris Vis erat. And violence prescribed the rule to law. Usury. i. 181. Hinc usura vorax, avidumque in tempore fcenus,- Et concussa fides, et multis utile bellum. And usury still watching for its day ; Hence perjuries in every wrangling court ; And war, the needy bankrupt's last resort. Delay. i. 281. Tolle moras : semper nocuit difi*erre paratis. Haste, then, thy towering eagles on their way : When fair occasion calls, 'tis fatal to delay. Just Things. i. 349. Omnia dat, qui justa negat. They who deny just things permit 'em all. Souls. i. 454. Vobis auctoribus umbroe Non tacitas Erebi sedes, Ditisque profundi Pallida regna petunt : regit idem spiritus artus Orbe alio : longse (canitis si cognita) vitse Mors media est. Certe populi, quos despicit Arctos, Felices errore suo, quos ille timorum Maximus, baud urget leti metus. Inde ruendi In ferrum mens prona viris, animseque capaces Mortis, et ignavum rediturse parcere vitse. If dying mortals' dooms they sing aright, No ghosts descend to dwell in dreadful night ; No parting souls to grisly Pluto go, Nor seek the dreary, silent shades below : But forth they fly immortal in their kind. And other bodies in new worlds they find. Thus life for ever runs its endless race, And like a line, death but divides the space — A stop which can but for a moment last, A point between the future and the past. Thrice happy they beneath their northern skies, Who that worst fear, the fear of death, despise ; Hence they no cares for this frail being feel, But rush undaunted on the pointed steel. Provoke approaching fate, and bravely scorn To spare that life which must so soon return. COWAKDS. i. 484. Sic quisque pavendo Dat vires famse : nuUoque auctore malorum, Qu8e finxere, timent. 208 LUCANUS LUCANUS 209 (I Thus fear does half the work of lying fame, And cowards thus their own misfortunes frame ; By their own feigning fancies are betray'd, And groan beneath those ills themselves have made. Changeableness of FOKTm^. i. 510. O faciles dare summa deos, eademque tueri Difficiles ! What means, ye gods, this changing in your doom ? Freely you grant, but quickly you resume. Rage. ii. 110. Trahit ipse furoris Impetus, et visum est lenti qusesisse nocentem. Rage stays not to inquire who ought to die, Numbers must fall, no matter which or why. Life of Vicissitude. ii. 131. Ble fuit vitoe Mario modus, omnia passo Qu3e pejor for tuna potest : omnibus uso Quse melior. While fortune frown'd, her fiercest wrath he bore ; And while she smiled, enjoy'd her amplest power : All times of good and bad he knew, And proved the most that chance or fate could do. Virtue. ii. 287. Sed quo fata trahunt, virtus secura sequetur. But virtue blindly follows, led by fate. Cato. ii. 380. Hi mores, hsec duri immota Catonis Secta fuit, servare modum, finemque tenere, Naturamque sequi, patriseque impend ere vitam ; Nee sibi, sed toti genitum se credere mundo. Huic epulse, vicisse famem : magnique penates, Submovisse hyemem tecto : pretiosaque vestis, Hirtam membra super Romani more Quiritis Induxisse togam. These were the stricter manners of the man, And this the subborn course in which they ran : The golden mean unchanging to pursue, Constant to keep the purposed end in view ; Religiously to follow nature's laws, And die with pleasure in his country's cause ; To think he was not for himself design'd, But born to be of use to all mankind. To him 'twas feasting, hunger to repress ; And home-spun garments were his costly dress ; No marble pillars rear'd his roof on high, 'Twas warm, and kept him from the winter sky. CiESAR. ii. C56. Sed Caesar in omnia praeceps, Nil actum credens, dum quid superesset agendum. But he with empire fired, and vast desires, To all, and nothing less than all, aspires ; He reckons not the past, while aught remain'd Great to be done, or mighty to be gain'd. How TO GAIN Popular Favour. iii. 52. Tunc pectore curas Expulit armonim, pacique intentus agebat, Quoque modo vanos populi conciret amores, Gnarus et irarum causas, et summa favoris Annon^ momenta trahi. Namque adserit urbes Sola fames, emiturque metus, cum segne potentes Vulgus alunt. Nescit plebes jejuna timere. At length his thoughts from arms and vengeance cease. And for a while revolve the arts of peace ; Careful to purchase popular applause, And gain the lazy vulgar to his cause. He knew the constant practice of the great. That those who court the vulgar bid them eat. When pinch'd with want all rev'rence they withdraw ; For hungry multitudes obey no law : Thus therefore factions make their parties good. And buy authority and power with food. O s7s 210 LUCANUS LUCANUS 211 -»! Despotism. iii. 145. Libertas, inquit, populi, qiiem regna coercent, Libertate perit ; cujus servaveris umbram, Si, quicquid jubeare, velis. Where kings prevail, all liberty is lost, And none but he who reigns can freedom boast ; Some shadow of the bliss thou shalt retain, Choosing to do what sov'reign powers ordain. Heroism. iii. 241. Pro quanta est gloria genii Injecisse manum fatis, vitaque repletos, Quod superest donasse deis. Heroic minds ! that can even Fate command, And bid it wait upon a mortal hand ; Who full of life forsake it as a feast, Take what they like, and give the gods the rest. Fear. iv. 702. Audendo magnus tegitur timor. By daring shows our greatest fears we hide. A Multitude Unpunished. V. 260. Quicquid multis peccatur, inultum est. For laws in great rebellions lose their end. And all go free when multitudes offend. Crime. V. 290. Facinus, quos inquinat, aequat. Guilt equal gives equality of state. The Yuxgar, V. 339. An vos momenta putatis Ulla dedisse mihi ? nunquam sic cura deorum Se premit, ut vestrae morti, vestraeque saluti Fata vacent. Procerum motus haec cuncta sequuntur. Humanum paucis vivit genus. Nor think such vulgar souls as yours were given To be the task of Fate and care of Heaven. Few are the lordly, the distinguish'd great. On whom the watchful gods, like guardians, wait ; The rest for common use were all design'd, An unregarded rabble of mankind. Poverty V. 527. vitae tuta facultas Pauperis, angustique lares ! o munera nondum Intellecta dedm ! quibus hoc contingere templis Aut potuit muris, nullo trepidare tumultu Caesared pulsante manu ? Oh, happy poverty ! thou greatest good, Bestow'd by Heaven, but seldom understood ! Here nor the cruel spoiler seeks his prey, Nor ruthless armies take their dreadful way : Security thy narrow limit keeps. Safe are thy cottages and sound thy sleeps. Sounds. vi. 688. Latratus habet ilia canum, gemitusque luporum : Quod trepidus bubo, quod strix nocturna queruntur, Quod strident ululantquo ferae, quod sibilat anguis, Exprimit, et planet us iilisae cautibus undae, Sylvarumque sonum, fractaeque tonitrua nubis. Tot rerum vox una fuit. Her gabbling tongue a muttering tone confounds Discordant, and unlike to human sounds : It seem'd of dogs the bark, of wolves the howl, The doleful screeching of the midnight owl ; The hiss of snakes, the hungiy lion's roar, The bound of billows beating on the shore : The groan of winds among the leafy wood And burst of thunder from the rending cloud : 'Twas these, all these in one. m^WjgMPMWM 212 LUCANUS LUCANUS 213 >fi Self-Punishment. vii. 58. Hoc placet, o superi, cum vobis vertere cuncta Propositum, nostris erroribus addere crimen ? Thus when the gods are pleased to plague mankind. Our own rash hands are to the task assign'd ; By them ordain'd the tools of fate to be, We blindly act the mischiefs they decree. The Brave Man. vii. 104. Multos in summa pericula misit Venturi timor ipse mali. Fortissimus ille est, Qui promtus metuenda pati, si cominus instent, Et differre potest. In war, in dangers oft it has been known. That fear has driven the headlong coward on. Give me the man, whose cooler soul can wait With patience for the proper hour of fate. War. vii. 263. Nulla manus belli, mutato judice, pura est. Whatever factions partial notions are, No hand is wholly innocent in war. The World's Conflagration. vii. 812. Hos, Csesar, populos si nunc non usserit ignis, Uret cum terris, uret cum gurgite ponti. Communis mundo superest rogus, ossibus astra Misturus. Quocunque tuam Fortuna vocabit, Hse quoque eunt animse. Non altius ibis in auras, Non meliore loco Stygia sub nocte jacebis. Libera Fortunse mors est : capit omnia tellus Quae genuit : coelo tegitur, qui non habet urnam. Though now thy cruelty denies a grave, These and the world, one common lot shall have ; One last appointed flame, by Fate's decree, Shall waste yon azure heavens, this earth and sea ; Shall knead the dead up in one mingled mass. Where stars and they shall undistinguish'd pass. And though thou scorn their fellowship, yet know, High as thy own can soar, these souls shall go ; Or find, perhaps, a better place below. Death is beyond thy goddess Fortune's power. And parent earth receives whate'er she bore. Nor will we mourn those Romans' fate, who lie Beneath the glorious cov'ring of the sky ; That starry arch for ever round 'em turns, A nobler shelter far than tombs or urns. Time. vin. 2/. Sic longius sevum Destruit ingentes animos, et vita superstes Imperio. Nisi summa dies cum fine bouorum Aftuit, et celeri praevertit tristia leto, Dedecori est fortuna prior. Quisquamne secundis Tradere se fatis audet, nisi morte parata ? Thus age to sorrows oft the great betrays. When loss of empire comes with length of days. Life and enjoyment still one end should have, Lest early misery prevent the grave. The good that lasts not was in vain bestow'd, And ease, once past, becomes the present load : Then let the wise, in Fortune's kindest hour. Still keep one safe retreat within his power ; Let death be near, to guard him from surprise, And free him, when the fickle goddess flies. Northern Nations. viii. 363. Omnis in Arctois populus quicunque pruinis Nascitur, indomitus bellis, et martis amator. Quicquid ad Eoos tractus mundique teporem Labitur, emollit gentes dementia coeli. In cold laborious climes the wint'ry north Brings her undaunted hardy warriors forth, In body and in mind untaught to yield. Stubborn of soul and steady in the field ; While Asia's softer climate, form'd to please, Dissolves her sons in insolence and ease. Self-Interest and Integrity. viii. 487. Sidera terr4 Ut distant, et flamma mari, sic utile recto. 214 LUCANUS < Not earth from yon high heavens which we admire. Not from the watery element the fire, Are sever'd by distinctions half so wide, As interest and integrity divide. A Court Life. viii. 493. Exeat auld, Qui volet esse pius. Virtus et summa potestas Non coeunt : semper metuet, quern sseva pudebunt. For piety and virtue's starving rules. To mean retirements let 'em lead their fools ; There may they still ingloriously be good : None can be safe in courts, who blush at blood. An Illustrious Man. ix. 203. Clarum et venerabile nomen. His noble name, his country's honour grown. Was venerably round the nations known. Death. ix. 211. Scire mori sors prima viris, sed proxima cogi. Free death is man's first bliss, the next is to be slain. God. ix. 573. Hseremus cuncti superis, temploque tacente Nil facimus non sponte dei : nee vocibus uUis Numen eget : dixitque semel nascentibus auctor, Quicquid scire licet : steriles nee legit arenas, Ut caneret paucis, mersitque hoc pulvere verum : Estne dei sedes nisi terra, et pontus, et aer, Et coelum, et virtus ? superos quid quaerimus ultra ? Jupiter est quodcunque vides, quocuuque moveris. Sortilegis egeant dubii, semperque futuris Casibus ancipites : me non oracula certum, Sed mors certa facit : pavido fortique cadendum est. Hoc satis est dixisse Jovem. From God derived, to God by nature join'd. We act the dictates of His mighty mind : LUCRETIUS 215 And though the priests are mute and temples still, God never wants a voice to speak His will. When first we from the teeming womb were brought, With in-born precepts then our souls were fraught, And then the Maker His new creatures taught. Then when He form'd and gave us to be men. He gave us all our useful knowledge, then. Canst thou believe, the vast eternal mind Was e'er to Syrts and Libyan sands confined? That He would choose this waste, this barren ground To teach the thin inhabitants around. And leave His truth in wilds and deserts drown'd ? Is there a place that God would choose to love Beyond this earth, the seas, yon heaven above. And virtuous minds, the noblest throne for Jove ? Why seek we further then ? Behold around How all thou see'st does with the God abound, Jove is alike in all, and always to be found. Let those weak minds, who live in doubt and fear, To juggling priests for oracles repair ; One certain liour of death to each decreed, My first, my certain soul from doubt has freed. The coward and the brave are doomd to fall ; And when Jove told this truth, he told us all. The Poet's Powers. ix. 980. sacer et magnus vatum labor, omnia fato Eripis, et populis donas mortalibus sevum. O Poesy divine ! O sacred song ! To thee bright fame and length of days belong ; Thou goddess ! Thou eternity canst give And bid secure the mortal hero live. LUCRETIUS Venus. Lib. i. 1. -(EneadAm genetrix, horainum Divomque voluptas. Alma Venus, cceli subter labentia signa Quae mare navigerum, quae terras frugiferentes Concelebras ; per te quoniam genus omne animantura Concipitur, visitque exortum lumina solis : 216 LUCRETIUS Te, Dea, te fugiunt venti, te mibila coeli, Adventumque tuum : tibi suaves dsedala tellus Suramittit flores ; tibi rident sequora ponti, Placatiimque nitet diffuso lumine coelum. Kind Venus, glory of the best abodes, Parent of Rome, and joy of men and gods ; Delight of all, comfort of sea and earth ; To whose kind powers all creatures owe their birth. At thy approach, great goddess, straight remove Whatever are rough, and enemies to love ; The clouds disperse, the winds do swiftly waste, And reverently in murmurs breathe their last. The earth with various art (for thy warm powers That dull mass feels) puts forth their gaudy flowers ; The roughest sea puts on smooth looks and smiles ; The well-pleased heaven assumes a brighter ray At thy approach, and makes a double day. SurERSTITION. i. 63. Humana ante oculos foede quum vita jaceret In terris, oppressa gravi sub religione, Quae caput a coeli regionibus ostendebat, Horribili super aspectu mortalibus instans ; Primum Grains homo mortales tollere contra Est oculos ausus, primusque obsistere contra. Long time men lay opprest with slavish fear. Religious tyianny did domineer ; Which being placed in heaven, lookM proudly down, And frighted abject spirits with her frown. At length a mighty one of Greece began To assert the natural lil>erty of man, By senseless terrors and vain fancies led To slavery : straight the conquer'd phantoms fled. Effects of Time. i. 312. Quin etiam, multis solis redeuntibus annis, Annulus in digito subtertenuatur habendo : Stillicidl casus lapidem cavat : uncus aratri Ferreus occulte decrescit vomer in arvis : Strataque jam vulgi pedibus detrita viarum Saxea conspicimus ; tum portas propter, ahena Signa manus dextras ostendunt attenuari Saepe salutantum tactu, prseterque meantum. LUCRETIUS 217 Besides, 'tis certain, every circling year, The rings, which grace the hands, diminish there ; Drops hollow stones, and whilst we plough, the share Grows less ; the streets by often treading wear. The brazen statues that our gates adorn Shew their right hands diminished and worn By the touch of those that visit and pass by. Fancy. i. 933. MussDO contingens cuncta lepore. My verse is clear And sweet, with fancy flowing everywhere. PnTSTCIANS. i. 935. Sed veluti pueris absinthia tetra medentis Quum dare conantur, prius oras, pocula circum, Contingunt mellis dulci flavoque liquore, Ut puerorum setas improvida ludificetur Labrorum tenus ; interea perpotet amarum Absinthl laticem, deceptaque non capiatur Sed potius tali facto recreata valescat. For as physicians use, In giving children draughts of bitter juice. To make them take it, tinge the cup with sweet, To cheat the lips : this first they eager meet, And then drink on, and take the bitter draught, And so are harmlessly deceived, not caught ; For by this cheat they get their health, their ease. Their vigour, strength, and baffle the disease. PHILOSOPnY. ii. 1. Suave, mari magno turbantibus aequora ventis, E terrd magnum alter i us spectare laborem ; Non quia vexari quemquam est jucunda voluptas, Sed, quibus ipse malis careas, quia cernere suave est. Per campos instructa, tud sine parte pericli. Suave etiam belli certamina magna tueri : Sed nil dulcius est, bene quam munita tenere, Edita doctrinS, sapientum, templa serena, Despicere unde queas alios, passimque yidere Errare, atque viam palantes quaerere vitaB ; 218 LUCRETIUS Certare ingenio, contendere nobilitate, Noctes atque dies niti praestante labore Ad gummas emergere opes, rerumque potiri. Tis pleasant, when the seas are rough, to stand And view another's danger safe on land ; Not 'cause he's troubled, but 'tis sweet to see Those cares and fears, from which ourselves are free • 'Tis also pleasant to behold from far, How troops engage, secure ourselves from war. But above all, 'tis pleasantest to get The top of high philosophy, and sit On the calm, peaceful, flourishing head of it : Whence we may view deep wonders deep below— How poor mistaken mortals wandering go, Seeking the path to happiness : some aim At learning, wit, nobility, or fame ; Others with cares and dangers vex each hour, To reach the top of wealth and sovereign power. Blindness of Man. ii. 13. O miseras hominum mentes ! pectora cseca ! Qualibus in tenebris vitae, quantisque periclis Degitur hocc aevi quodcumque est ! Blind, wretched man ! In what dark paths of strife We walk this little joumey of our life ! Cares. ii. 47. Ee verdque metus hominum curoeque sequaces Nee metuunt sonitus armorum, nee fera tela ; Audacterque inter reges, rerumque potentes ' Veisantur, neque fulgorem reverentur ab auro, Nee clarum vestis splendorem purpurea'!. If the same cares and dread and fears remain, If, traitor-like, they seize on e'en the throne,' And dance within the circle of a crown ; If noise of arms nor darts can make them fly, Nor the gay sparklings of the purple dye ; If they on emperors will rudely seize : What makes us value all such things as these ? > t.-n~*'C.ifi IU«.i>Vir;«»UiMi-W»MM.>»7^ LUCRETIUS 219 Nations. ii. 73. Augescunt alise gentes, aliae minuuntur ; Inque brevi spatio mutantur sajcla animantum, Et, quasi cursores vital lampada tradunt. So things by turns increase, by turns decay : Like racers, bear the lamp of life, and live. And their race done, their lamp to others give. New Opinions. ii. 1040. Sed magis acri Judicio perpende : et si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus : aut si falsum est, adcingere contra. Wherefore fly no opinion 'cause 'tis new, But strictly search, find after careful view Reject, if false ; embrace it, if 'tis true. The Gods. ii. 1092. Nam, pro sancta deAm tranquilld pectora pace, Quae placidum degimt sevum, multumque serenum ! Quis regere immensi sumraam, quis habere profundi Indu manu validas potis est moderanter habenas ? Quis pariter coelos omnes convertere, et omnes Ignibus setheriis terras suffire feraces ; Omnibus inve locis esse omni tempore prsesto, Nubibus ut tenebras faciat, cojlique serena Concutiat sonitu ? tum f ulmina mittat, et sedes Ipse suas disturbet ; et in deserta recedens Saeviat, exercens telum, quod ssepe nocentes Praeterit, exanimatque indignos inque merentes ? For how, good gods, can those that live in peace, In undisturb'd and everlasting ease. Rule this vast all ? their labouring thoughts divide *Twixt heaven and earth, and all their motions guide, Send heat to us, the various orbs control, Or be immense, and spread o'er all the whole ? Or hide the heaven in clouds, whence thunder thrown Does beat their own aspiring temples down ? Or through vast deserts breaks the innocent wood. Nor hurts the bad, but strikes the just and good ? 220 LUCRETIUS LUCRETIUS 221 Results of Ambition. iii. 59. Denique avarities, et honorum ca3ca cupido, Quae miseros homines cogunt transceiidere fines Juris, et interdum, socios scelerum atque ministros Noctes atque dies niti prsestante labore ' Ad sumrnas emergere opes ; hsec vulnera vitse Non minumam partem mortis formidine aluntur. Turpis enim ferme contemtus, et acris egestas, Semota ab duici vita stabilique videntur, Et quasi jam leti portas contarier ante. Unde homines, dum se, falso terrore coacti, EMugisse volunt longe, longeque rem6sse, Sanguine civih rem conflant, divitiasque Conduplicant avidi, csedem coede accumulantes : Crudeles gaudent in tristi funere fratris : Et consanguineAm mensas odere, timentque. Beside, all blind ambition, all fierce lust Of avarice, those parents of unjust, Which make men plunge through sins, and vex each hour With cares and pams to chmb to wealth or power • This shame, these great disturbers of our breath, ' Are chiefly nourish'd by the fear of death. For infamy, contempt, and poverty Do seem so near the gates of death to lie ; That whilst by senseless fears men frighted strive As far removed as possible to live, By civil wars endeavour to get more, And doubling murders, double their vast store. Laugh o'er theu- brother's graves ; and timorous guests All hate and dread their nearest kinsman's feasts. Yarieties m Mankind. iii. 308. Sic hominum genus est : quamvis doctrina politos Constituat pariter quosdam, tamen ilia relinquit Naturae cujusque animee vestigia prima : Nee radicitus evelli mala posse putandum est Quin proclivius hice' iras decurrat ad acres ; ' llle metu citius paullo tentetur ; at ille Tertius accipiat qusedam clementius sequo : Inque aliis rebus multis differre necesse est Naturas hominum varias, moresque sequaces : Quorum ego nunc nequeo csecas exponere caussas, Nee reperire figurarum tot nomina, quot sunt Principiis, unde hsec oritur variantia rerum. So men's minds differ too, though moral rules And arts do polish and reform our souls ; Yet still some seeds remain ; they still appear Through all the masks and vizors we can wear ; Some small remainders of the j>rimitive mind, Some evil passions will be left behind ; Whence some are prone to rage, some to distrust. Some fearful are, and some more mild than just. A thousand more varieties they sliow. Each different mind hath different manners too, Whose hidden causes I shall ne'er explain. Or names sufficient and expressive feign, For all these infinite varieties Of shapes, whence all these different manners rise. Decay of the Mind. iii. 447. Cum corpora mentem Crescere sentimus pariterque senescere. Besides, 'tis plain that souls are born and grow. And all by age decay, as bodies do. Death of a Father. iii. 906. " Nam jam non domus accipiet te laeta, neque uxor Optuma, nee dulces occurrent oscula nati Prseripere, et tacitd pectus dulcediue tangent. Non poteris factis florentibus esse, tuisque Praesidium : misero misere," aiunt, " omnia ademit Una dies infesta tibi tot prscmia vitee." Ay, but he now is snatch'd from all his joys ; No more shall his chaste wife and prattling boys Run to their dad with eager haste and strive Which shall have the first kiss, as when alive. Ay, but he now no more from wars shall come, Bring peace and safety to his friends at home. Wretched, O wretched man ! one fatal day Hath snatch'd the vast delights of life away ! Grief. iii. 917. Tu quidem, ut es lecto sopitus, sic eris, sevi fM-jjo', Mri8>raKBaiwtaja»^inni™ iiwi nMya 222 LUCRETIUS LUCRETIUS 223 Quod superest, cunctis privatu' doloribus segris : At nos horrifico cinefactum de prope busto Insatiabiliter deflebimus, soternumque Nulla dies nobis mserorem e pectore demet. [Tis true thou sleep'st in death, and there shalt lie Free from all cares to vast eternity ; But we shall mourn thee still ; no length of years Shall overcome our grief and dry our tears. Shortness of the Pleasures of Life. iii. 925. Hocc' etiam faciunt, ubi discubuere, tenentque Pocula ssepe homines, et inumbrant ora coronis, Ex ammo ut dicant : " brevis hicc' est fructus homullis Jam fuerit ; neque post umquam revocare licebit !" So when the jolly blades, with garlands crown'd, Sit down to drmk, whilst frequent healths go round. Some lookmg grave, this observation make : All those delights are short we men can take • Now we enjoy, but gone, we wish in vain, In vain desiie to call them back again. Man. iii. 925. Quid tibi tantopere est, mortalis, quod nimis segris Luctibus mdulges ? quid mortem congemis, ac lies ? Nam gratum fuerit tibi vita anteacta priorque Et non omnia, pertusum congesta quasi in vas, Commoda perfluxere, atque ingrata interiere ; Cur non, ut plenus vitaa conviva, recedis, iEquo animoque capis securam, stulte, quietem ? Fond mortal, what's the matter thou dost sigh' Why all those tears because thou once must die And once submit to strong mortality? ' For if the race thou hast already run* Was pleasant, if with joy thou saw'st the sun • If all thy pleasures did not pass thy mind ' As through a sieve, but left some sweets behind • Why dost thou not, then, like a thankful guest, * Kise cheerfully from life's abundant feast And with a quiet mind go take thy rest? ' Guilty Conscience. iii. 1024. Cerberus et Furise jam vero, et lucis egestas, Tartarus, horriferos eructans faucibus sestus ; Qui neque sunt usquam, nee possunt esse profecto ; Sed metus in vit^ poenarum pro male factis Est insignibus insignis ; scelerisque luela Career, et horribilis de saxo jactus eorum, Verbera, carnufices, robur, pix, lamina, tedae : Quae tamen etsi absunt, at mens sibi conscia factis Prsemetuens adhibet stimulos, torretque flagellis ; Nee videt interea qui terminus esse malorum Possit, quive siet poenarum denique finis : Atque eadem metuit magis ha3c ne in morte gravescant: Hinc Acherusia fit stultorum denique vita. The Furies, Cerberus, black Hell and Flames, Are airy fancies all, mere empty names. But whilst we live, the fear of dreadful pains For wicked deeds, the prison, scourge and chains, The wheel, the block, the fire, affright the mind. Strike deep and leave a constant stiug behind. Nay, those not felt ; the guilty soul presents These dreadful shapes and still herself torments, Scourges and stings ; nor doth she seem to know An end of these but fears more fierce below, Eternal all. Thus fancied pains we feel, And live as wretched here, as if in hell. Echo. iv. 573. Quae, bone, quum videas, rationem reddere possis Tute tibi atque aliis, quo pacto per loca sola Saxa pares formas verborum ex ordine reddant, Palantes comites quum montes inter opacos Quserimus, et magnd disperses voce ciemus. Sex etiam aut septem loca vidi reddere voces, Unam quum jaceres : ita coUes collibus ipsi Verba repulsantes iterabant dicta referri. Hsec loca capripedes Satyros Nymphasque tenere Finitumi fingunt, et Faunos esse loquuntur, Quorum noctivago strepitu ludoque jocanti Affirmant volgo tacit urna silentia rumpi, Chordarumque sonos fieri, dulcesque querelas I TO *^4« itaS^^'MJ 224 LUCRETIUS LUCRETIUS 225 n ■ li Tibia quas fundit digitis pulsata canentum ; Et genus agricoMin late sentiscere, quum Pan, Pinea semiferi capitis velamina quassans, Udo ssepe labro calamos percurrit hiantes Fistula sylvestrem ne cesset fundere musam. This shews thee why, whilst men through caves and groves Call their lost friends or mourn unhappy loves, The pitying rocks, the groaning caves return Their sad complaints again and seem to mourn ; This all observe and I myself have known Some rocks and hills return six words for one : The dancing words from hill to hill rebound, They all receive and all restore the sound. The vulgar and the neighbours think and tell That there the Nymphs and Fauns and Satyrs dwell ; And that their wanton sport, their loud delight Breaks through the quiet silence of the night : Their music's softest airs fill all the plains, And mighty Pan delights the listening swains ; The goat-faced Pan, whilst flocks securely feed, With long-hung lip he blows his oaten reed. The horn'd, the half -beast god, when brisk and gay, With pine leaves crown'd, provokes the swains to play. Dissipation. iv. 1117. Adde quod absumunt nervos, pereuntque labore : Adde quod alterius sub nutu degitur astas : Labitur interea res, et vadimonia fiunt : Languent officia, atque aegrotat fama vacillans : medio de foute leporum Surgit amari aliquid, quod in ipsis fioribus angat. They waste their strength in love's maddening strife, And to a woman's will enslave their life ; The estate runs out and mortgages are made, All offices of friendship are decay'd. Their fortune ruin'd and their fame betray'd. For in the fountain, where their sweets are sought, Some bitter bubbles up and poisons all the draught. Every Man has a Skeleton Closet. iv. 1179. Vitse post-scenia celant. Men conceal the back-scenes of their life. An Infant. V. 223. Turn porro puer, ut saevis projectus ab undis Navita, nudus humi jacet, infans, indigus omni Vitali auxilio, quum primum in luminis oras Nixibus ex alvo matris Natura profudit ; Vagituque locum lugubri complet, ut aequum est, Cui tantum in vit^ restet transire malorum. A man, when first he leaves his primitive night, Breaks from his mother's womb to view the light, Like a poor carcase tumbled by the flood, He falls all naked, but besmear'd with blood. An infant, weak and destitute of food. With tender cries the pitymg air he fills, A fit presage for all his coming ills. The Gate of Death is Wide. V. 374. Haud igitur leti praeclusa est janua coelo Nee soli terraeque neque altis sequoris undis : Sed patet immani et vasto respectat hiatu. Therefore these heav'ns and earth can waste and die, And therefore once began ; for what can fail And waste, o'er what the strokes of fate prevail, Must be unable to endure the rage Of infinite past time and power of age. Contentment. V. 1116. Quod si quis ver^ vitam ratione gubernat, Divitiae grandes homini sunt, vivere parce iEquo animo ; neque enim est umquam penuria parvi. But if men would live up to reason's rules, The^ would not scrape and cringe to wealthy fools ; For tis the gieatest wealth to live content With little, such the greatest joy resent ; And bounteous Fortune still affords supply Sufficient for a thrifty luxury. What we Feared Once. V. 1139. Nam cupide conculcatur nimis ante metutum. 'Tis sweet to spurn the things we fear'd before. 226 LUCRETIUS MARTIALIS 227 h Thunder. V. 1218. Prseterea, cui non animus formidine div6m Contrahitur ; cui non correpunt membra pavore, Fulminis horribili quum plaga torrida tellus Contremit, et magnum percurrunt murmura coelum ? Non populi gentesque tremunt ? regesque superbi Corripiunt divom perculsi membra timore Ne quod ob admissum f oede, dictumve superbe Poenarum grave sit solvundi tempus adauctum ? What mind 's unshaken and what soul not awed, And who not thinks the angry gods abroad, Whose limbs not shrink, when dreadful thunder hurl'd From broken clouds, shakes the affrighted world ? What do not cities, do not nations fear, And think their dismal dissolution near ? Why do not tyrants, then, and mighty lords, Recall their wicked deeds and boasting words, And fear that now revenge is surely come ? Do not they tremble at approaching doom ? Country Pleasures. V. 1389. Hsec animos illis mulcebant atque juvabant Cum satiate cibi : nam tum sunt omnia cordi. Saepe itaque inter se, prostrati in gramine molli, Propter aquae rivum, sub ramis arboris altae, Non magnis opibus jucunde corpora habebant : Praesertim quum tempestas ridebat, et anni Tempora pingebant viridantes floribus herbas. .^ Tum joca, tum sermo, tum dulces esse cachinni Consudrant ; agrestis enim tum musa vigebat. Tum caput atque humeros plexis redimire coronis, Floribus, et foliis lascivia Iseta monebat, Atque extra numerum procedere, membra moventes Duriter, et duro terram pede pellerc matrem : Unde oriebantur risus, dulcesque cachinni, Omnia quod nova tum magis haec et mira vigebant. Et vigilantibus hinc aderant solatia somno, Ducere multimodis voces, et flectere cantus, Et supera calamos unco percurrere labro. These charm'd the swains, and these were wont to please, When feasts were done, for then all seek for ease, Then underneath a loving myrtle's shade, Close by a purling stream supinely laid. When spring with gaudy flowers the earth had spread, And sweetest roses grew around their head, Envied by wealth and power, with small expense They oft enjoy'd the vast delight of sense : Then laughing, merry jests, and country play, And tales began, " As upon a day ! " Then pleasant songs they sang, and wanton grown. Each pluck'd and bound his flowers and made a crown. And with uneven steps they danced around ; Their heavy leaps still shook the trembling ground ; Whilst all the idle crowd that flock'd to view, Laugh'd much because the tricks seem'd strange and new ; And thus they pass'd the day in gay delight. And watch'd and fed their tender flocks by night ; No need of sleep, that want the songs supply. The noise chased Morpheus from their willing eye. MARTIALIS To-morrow. Epigr. i. 16. Non est, crede mihi, sapientis dicere, vivam. Sera nimis vita est crastina, vive hodie. Credit me, 'tis not wise, I '11 live to say ; To-morrow's life's too late ; live thou to-day. Glory too Late. Epigr. i. 26. Cineri gloria sera est. Glory comes too late when our ashes are in the urii. Dislike without a Just Reason. Epigr. i. 33. Non amo te, Sabidi, nee possum dicere quare. Hoc tantum possum dicere ; non amo te I do not love thee, Sabidus ; Nor can I tell thee why : Only my humour happens thus, I do not fancy thee. _ J5-!!5l«|tf«|j5S5gM^|ftfjy|»^ 228 MARTIALiS KtARTIALIS 229 Forced Teaes. Epigr. i. 34. Amissum non flet, cum sola est Gellia, patrem. Si quis adest, jussse prosiliunt lacrymae. Non dolet hie, quisquis laudari, Gellia, quserit. Ille dolet vere, qui sine teste dolet. Gellia ne'er mourns her father's loss While no one's by to see ; But yet her soon commanded tears Flow in society : To weep for praise is but a feigned moan ; He weeps most truly that does grieve alone. Perfume. Epigr. ii. 12. Non bene olet, qui bene semper olet. He smells not well, whose smell is all perfume. A-1 OF Beggars. Epigr. ii. 57. Quem non lacernis Publius mens vincit, Non ipse Codrus alpha penulatorum. So poor, that my friend Publius does not surpass hun in tattered garments, nor Codrus himself, the prince of beggars. Away with Delay. Epigr. ii. 64. £ja age, rumpe moras ; quo te sperabimus usque ? ]Jum, quid sis, dubitas, jam potes esse nihil. Fie, out with this delay : how long shall we Expect ? whiles doubting, nothing thou wilt be. Laugh and be Wise. ^^ Epigr. ii. 41. Ride si sapis. Be merry if you are wise. To EliLL Oneself to Escape Death. Epigr. ii. 80. Hie rogo, non furor est ne moriare, mori. This I ask, whether it is not the veriest madness to kill yourself that you may not die ? Simple Tastes. Epigr. ii. 90. Me focus, et nigros non indignantia fumos Tecta juvant, et fons vivus, et herba rudis. Sit mihi verna satur : sit non doctissima conjux : Sit nox cum somno : sit sine lite dies. Me fire and houses please, smoked with their steam, A native salad and a living stream, A bondman serves my turn, an unlearn'd wife, A night with sleep, a day without all strife. To Haste to Live. Epigr. ii. 90. Vivere quod propero pauper, nee inutilis annis, Da veniam : properat vivere nemo satis. Pardon though poorj nor struck in years, I haste To live, since no man strives to live too fast. The Greater Evil. Epigr. iii. 42. Quod tegitur, majus creditur esse malum. That which is hid, is thought the greater ill. To Know Thoroughly. Epigr. iv. 37. Et teneo melius ista, quam meum nomen. I know all that as well as my own name. Death. Epigr. iv. 60. Nullo fata loco possis excludere. ^ No place excludes the fates. A Busybody. Epigr. iv. 79. Deformius nihil est ardelione sene. Tliere is nothing more unbecoming than an old busybody. 230 MARTIALIr? \ MARTIALIS 231 Method Sukmounts Difficulties. Epigr. iv. 83. Divisum sic breve fiet opus. Thus divided, the work becomes short. Enyy. Epigr. v. 10. Esse quid hoc dicam, vivis quod fama negatur, Et sua quod rams tempora lector amat ? Hi sunt invidise nimirum, Regule, mores, Prseferat antiques semper ut ilia novis. What 's this ? that fame to living men 's denied, And readers their own lines seldom affect? Eegulus, these are tricks of envious pride, The present still for old things to reject. Time Placed to our Account. Epigr. v. 20. Nunc vivit sibi neuter, heu, bonosque Soles efFugere atque abire sentit ; Qui nobis pereunt et imputantur. No one, alas ! lives for himself and perceives that those hours are passing, which are vanishing and are being placed to our account. Gifts. Epigr. v. 42. Extra fortunam est, quicquid donatur amicis : Quas dederis, solas semper habebis opes. What 's on thy friends bestow'd is above fate : Thy gifts thou still shalt have inviolate. Bragging. Epigr. v. 52. Crede mihi, quamvis ingentia, Postume, dona Auctoris pereunt garrulitate sui. For pr'ythee, Posthumus, believe, Though that thy gifts be great to give, All thanks must perish, and are lost When authors their own actions boast. To-MORROW. Epigr. v. 58. Cras vives : hodie jam vivere, Postume, serum est. Ille sapit, quisquis, Postume, vixit heri. Thou 'It to-morrow ? This day's life 's too late ; He 's wise that lived before the present date. Things Doted On. Epigr. vi. 29. Immodicis brevis est setas, et rara senectus. Quicquid ames, cupias non placuisse nimis. Things too much doted on live short ; and such Thou wouldst love long, let them not please too much. No Smell. Epigr. vi. 55. Malo, quam bene olere, nil olere. 'Tis better smell of nought than thus smell well. A Vulture. Epigr. vi. 62. Cujus vulturis hoc erit cadaver ? To what vulture will this carcass fall ? Good Heath. Epigr. vi. 70. iEtatem Priamique Nestorisque Longam qui putat esse, Martiane, Multum decipiturque falliturque. Non est vivere, sed valere, vita. He that conceives (my Martian) Priam's age, Or Nestor's to be long on the world's stage, Is much deceived, much out : for I thee tell. To be is not call'd life, but to be well. Home. / Epigr. vii. 73. > Quisquis ubique habitat, Maxime, nusquam habitat. <* He dwells just nowhere that dwells everywhere. V/ 232 MARTIALIS MARTIALIS 233 An Idol. Epigr. viii. 24. Qui fingit sacros auro vel marmore vultus, Non facit ille deos : qui rogat, ille facit. He that an image frames in gold or stone, Makes not a god : he that kneels makes it one. Hypocrisy. Epigr. viii. 38. Eefert sis bonus, an velis videri. It matters much whether you are really good or merely wish to appear so. An Author. Epigr. x. 4. Hominem pagina nostra sapit. Our works are intended for the practical use of mankind. A Good Man. Epigr, x. 23. Ampliat setatis spatium sibi vir bonus : hoc est Vivere bis, vita posse priore frui. A good man doubles his life's date ; for he Lives twice that can his age with comfort see. Contentment. Epigr. x. 47. Summum nee metuas diem, nee optes. You should neither fear nor wish for your last day. Moderation. Epigr. x. 96. Ilia placet tellus in qu4 res parva beatum Me facit et tenues luxuriantur opes. That spot is my delight, in which a small competency makes me happy, and moderate wealth gives me abundance. The Brave. Epigr. xi. 56. Rebus in angustis facile est contemnere vitam ; Fortiter ille facit, qui miser esse potest. To slight a life in misery Is nothing ; but he that can be Contentedly distressed is truly brave. Dead Men's Shoes. Epigr. xi. 67. Nil mihi das vivus, dicis post fata daturum ; Si non insanis, scis, Maro, quid cupiam. You give me nothing during your life ; you say that you will give me something after your death : if you are not a fool, Maro, you know what I wish for. Fortune gives too much to Some. Epigr. xii. 10. Fortuna multis dat nimis, satis nuUi. Fortune hath overmuch bestow'd on some ; But plenary content to none doth come. A Character. Epigr. xii. 47. Difficilis, facilis, jucundus, acerbus es idem : Nee tecum possum vivere, nee sine te. In all thy humours, whether grave or mellow, Thou 'rt such a touchy, testy, pleasant fellow. Hast so much wit and mirth and spleen about thee, That there 's no living with thee nor without thee. A Simpleton. Epigr. xii. 51. Semper bonus homo tiro est. A good man is easily taken in. 234 NEPOS NEPOS 235 I'll NEPOS War. Thrasyh. 2. Nihil in bello oportet contemni. Nothing ought to be despised in wai\ The Coward. Thrasyh. 2. Mater timidi flere non solet. The mother of a coward does not usually weep. Empire. Dion. 5. Nullum est imperium tutum nisi benevolentia munitum. No government is safe, unless it is strengthened by acts of kindness. Democracy. Dion. 6. Non potest bene geri respublica multorum imperiis. The affairs of a kingdom cannot be properly conducted by a democracy. Fear. Dion. 9. Miseranda vita eomm, qui se metui quam amari malunt. The life of those is to be pitied, who prefer to be feared rather than loved. . (treat Men. Eum. 1. Magnos homines virtute metimur, non fortund. We value great men by their virtue and not by their success. Humble Circumstances. Eum. 5. Exiles res animi magnitudinem, etsi non frangunt, tamen minuunt. Humble circumstances, though they do not altogether break down the strength of the mind, impair it in a considerable degree. Envy is the Attendant of Glori, Chabr. 3. Commune vitium in magnis liberisque civitatibus ut invidia comes glorise sit. It is a common vice in great and free states for envy to be the attendant upon glory. An Honourable Death. Chabr. 4. Prsestanda est honesta mors turpi vitae. An honourable death is to be preferred to a base life. Kings. Dat. 5. Ea est consuetudo regum ut casus adversos hominibus tribuant, secundos fortunse suae. It is the custom of kings to attribute adversity to the fault of others, and to consider prosperity as the result of their own good fortune. The Silent. Epam. 3. Commissa celans, quod interdum non minus prodest quam diserte dicere. Concealing secrets entrusted to him, which is sometimes not less advantageous to a man than eloquence. Peace. Epam. 5. Paritur pax bello. Peace is procured by war. Good Taste. Att. 13. Plus salis quam sumptAs. More good taste than expense. 236 OVfDfUS OVIDIUS 237 OVIDIUS Ckeation of Man. Met. i. 76. Sanctius his animal, mentisque capacius altae Deerat adhuc, et quod dominari in csetera posset. Natus homo est : sive hunc divino semine fecit lUe opifex rerum, mundi meUoris origo : Sive recens tellus, seductaque nuper ab alto -^there, cognati retinebat semina coeli ; Quam satus lapeto, mixtam fluvialibus undis, Finxit in efiigiem moderantum cuncta deorum. Pronaque cum spectent animalia csetera terram, Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque tueri Jussit, et erectos ad eidera tollere vultus. A creature of a more exalted kind Was wanting yet, and then was Man designed : Conscious of thought, of more capacious breast, For empire form'd, and fit to rule the rest ; Whether with particles of heavenly fire The God of nature did his soul inspire, Or earth, but new-divided from the sky. And, pliant still, retained th' ethereal energy ; Which wise Prometheus temper'd into paste. And mixt with living streams the godlike image cast. Thus, while the mute creation downward bend Their sight, and to their earthy mother tend, Man looks aloft ; and with erected eyes, Beholds his own hereditary skies. From such rude principles our form began ; ' And earth was metamorphosed into Man. Description of Golden Age. Met. i. 89. Aurea prima sata est setas, quse, vindice nullo, Sponte su4, sine lege, fidem rectumque colebat. Pojna metusque aberant ; nee verba minacia fixo ^re legebantur : nee supplex turba timebant Judicis ora sui : sed erant sine vindice fcuti. The Golden Age was first ; when man, yet new. No rule but uncorrupted reason knew ; And, with a native bent, did good pursue. Unforced by punishment, unawed by fear. His words were simple, and his soul sincere ; Needless was written law, when none oppress'd : The law of man was written in his breast : No suppliant crowds before the judge appear'd. No court erected yet, nor cause was heard ; But all was safe, for conscience was their guard. Golden Age. Met. i. 98. Non tuba directi, non seris cornua flexi, Non galeae, non ensis erant : sine militis usu MoUia securae peragebant otia gentes. No walls were yet ; nor fence, nor mote, nor mound. Nor drum was heard, nor trumpet's angry sound ; Nor swords were forged ; but, voici of care and crime, The soft creation slept away their time. The Seasons in the Golden Age. Met. i. 107. Ver erat seternum, placidique tepentibus auris Mulcebant Zephyr i natos sine semine flores. Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat : Nee renovatus ager gravidis canebat aristis. Flumina jam lactis, jam flumina nectaris ibant : Flavaque de viridi stillabant ilice mella. The flowers unsown, in fields and meadows reign'd ; And western winds immortal spring maintain'd. In following yeai-s the bearded com ensued. From earth unask'd, nor was that earth renewed, From veins of valleys milk and nectar broke, And honey sweating through the pores of oak. Description of the Iron Age. Met. i. 128. Protinus irrumpit venae pejoris in aevum Omne nefas : fugere pudor, verumque, fidesque In quorum subiere locum fraudesque, dolique, Insidiaeque, et vis, et amor sceleratus habendi. Hard Steel succeeded then : And stubborn as the metal were the men. Truth, modesty, and shame the world forsook ; Fraud, avarice, and force, their places took. 238 OVIDIUS. OViDIUS 239 Gold Dug from the Earth. Met. i. 139. Sed itum est in viscera terrse ; Quasque recondiderat, Stygiisque admoverat umbris, Effodiuntur opes, irritamenta malorum. But greedy mortals, rummaging her store, Digg'd from her entrails first the precious ore, Which next to hell the prudent gods had laid, And that alluring ill to sight display'd. Justice Returns to Heaven. Met. i, 149. Victa jacet Pietas : et virgo csede madentes, Ultima coelestum, terras Astrsea reliquit. Faith flies, and piety in exile mourns ; And justice, here opprest, to heaven returns. Incurable "Wound. Met. i. 190. Cuncta prius teiitata : sed immedicabile vulnus Ense recidendum, ne pars sincera trahatur. I try'd whatever in the godhead lay : But grangrened members must be lopt away, Before the nobler parts are tainted to decay. Man Born to Labour. Met. i. 414. Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum : Et documenta damus, qu^ simus origine nati. Hence we derive our nature ; born to bear Laborious life, and harden'd into care. Friendly Discord. Met. i. 433. Discors Concordia. With friendly discord, and with fruitful wars. Love. Met. i. 523. Hei mihi ! quod nullis amor est medicabilis herbis : Nee prosunt domino, quse prosunt omnibus, artes ! Alas ! that fields and forests can afford No remedies to heal their love-sick lord ; To cure the pains of love, no plant avails ; And his own physic, the physician fails. Just Reproaches. Met. i. 758. Pudet haec opprobria nobis Et dici potuisse, et non potuisse repelli. To hear an open slander is a curse ; But not to find an answer is a worse. Excellence. Met. ii. 5. Materiam superabat opus. The matter vied not with the sculptor's thought. Likeness of Sisters. Met. ii. 11. Doridaque, et natas : quarum pars nare videntur, Pars in mole sedens virides siccare capillos ; Pisce vehi qusedam. Facies non omnibus una, Nee diversa tamen : qualem decet esse sororum. With Doris, here were carved, and all her train, Some loosely swimming in the figured main, While some on rocks their diooping hair divide, And some on fishes through the waters glide : Though various features did the sisters grace, A sister's likeness was in every face. The Seasons. Met. ii. 27. Verque novum stabat, cinctum florente corond : Stabat nuda ^Estas, et spicea serta gerebat : Stabat et Aiitumnus, caicatis sordidus uvis : Et glacialis Hiems, canos hirsuta capillos. Here Spring appears, with flow'ry chaplets bound : Here Summer, in her wheaten garland crown'd ; Here Autumn the rich trodden grapes besmear ; And hoary Winter shivers in the rear. 240 OVIOIUS OVIDIUS 241 Exertion. Met. ii. 72. Nitor in adversum : nee me, qui csetera, vincit Impetus ; et rapido contrarius evehor orbi. I steer against their motions ; nor am I Borne back by all the current of the sky. Prayers Not to be Granted. Met. ii. 97. Eque tot ac tantis coeli, terrseque, marisque, Posce bonis aliquid : nullam patiere repulsam. Deprecor hoc unum ; quod vero nomine pcena, Non honor est : panam, Phaethon, pro munere poscis. Choose out a gift from seas, or earth, or skies, For, open to your wish all nature lies. Only decline this one unequal task, For 'tis a mischief, not a gift you ask. You ask a real mischief, Phaeton. Golden Mean. Met. ii. 136. Altius egressus coelestia tecta cremabis ; Inferius terras : medio tutissimus ibis. That no new fires, or heaven or earth infest ; Keep the midway, the middle way is best. Great Undertakings. Met. ii. 328. Quern si non tenuit, magnis tamen excidit ausis. His father's fiery steeds he could not guide, But in the glorious enterprise he died. Guilt Betrayed in the Countenance. Met. ii. 447. Heu quam difficile est, crimen non prodere vultu ! How in the look doth conscious guilt appear ! Description of Envy. Met. ii. 770. Invidiam : visaque oculos avertit : at ilia Surgit humo pigre, semesarumque relinquit Corpora serpentum, passuque incedit inerti. Utque deam vidit, form^que armisque decoram, Ingemuit, vultumque ima ad suspiria duxit. Pallor in ore sedet : macies in corpore toto : Nusquam recta acies : livent rubigine dentes : Pectora felle virent : lingua est sufFusa veneno. Risus abest ; nisi quem visi movei e dolores. Nee fruitur somno, vigilacibus excita curis : Sed videt ingratos, intabescitque videndo, Successus hominum : carpitque et carpitur una : Suppliciumque suum est. The gates flew open, and the fiend appear'd, A pois'nous morsel in her teeth she chew'd, And gorged the flesh of vipers for her food. Minerva, loathing, turn'd away her eye ; The hideous monster, rising heavily, ' Came stalking forward, with a sullen pace, And left her mangled offals on the place. Soon as she saw the goddess, gay and bright, She fetch'd a groan at such a cheerful sight. Livid and meagre were her looks ; her eye, In foul, distorted glances, turned awry : A hoard of gall her inward parts possess'd, And spread a greenness o'er her canker'd breast ; Her teeth were brown with rust, and, from her tongue. In dangling drops, tlie stringy poison hung. She never smiles but when the wretched weep. Nor lulls her malice with a moment's sleep, Restless in spite ; while watchful to destroy, She pines and sickens at another's joy ; Foe to herself, distressing and distrest, She bears her own tormentor in her breast. Kingly Dignity. Met. ii. 846. Non bene conveniunt, nee in und sede morantur Majestas et amor. The dignity of empire laid aside, (For love but ill agrees with kingly pride.) No Man Blessed before he Dies. Met. iii. 135. Sed, scilicet, ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini : dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo supremaque funera debet. 242 OVIDIUS OVIDIUS 243 5 But no frail man, however great or high, Can be concluded blest before he die. A Blush. Met. iii. 183. Qui color infectis adversi Solis ab ictu Nubibus esse solet, aut purpurese Aurorse : Is fuit in vultu visae sine veste Dianse. She, proudly eminent above the rest, With blushes glow'd ; such blushes as adorn The ruddy welkin, or the purple morn. Echo. Met. iii. 357. Vocalis Nymphe, quae nee reticere loquenti, Nee prior ipsa loqui didicit, resonabilis Echo. Once, in the woods, as he pursued the chase, The babbling Echo had descried his face ; She, who in other's words her silence breaks, Nor speaks herself but when another speaks. The Cause. Met. iv. 287. Causa latet : vis est notissima. The cause is secret, but th' effect is known. A Lesson from an Enemy. Met. iv. 428. Ipse docet, quid agam ; fas est et ab hoste doceri. A foe has taught me vengeance ; and who ought To scorn that vengeance, which a foe has taught ? Description of Styx. Met. iv. 434. Styx nebulas exhalat iners ; umbrseque recentes Descendunt illuc, simulacraque functa sepulchris. Pallor Hiemsque tenent late loca senta ; novique Qu4 sit iter, manes, Stygiam quod ducit ad urbem Ignorant ; ubi sit nigri fera regia Ditis. Mille capax aditus et apertas undique portas Urbs habet. Utque f return de tot4 flumina terrd, Sic omnes animas locus accipit ille ; nee ulli Exiguus populo est, turbamve accedere sentit. Errant exsangues sine corpore et ossibus umbrae Parsque forum celebrant, pars imi tecta tyranni ; Pars alias artes, antiquae imitamina vitae Exercent ; aliam partem sua poena exercet. Here Styx exhales its noisome clouds : and here. The fun'ral rites once paid, all souls appear. Stiff cold, and horror with a ghastly face And staring eyes, infest the dreary place. Ghosts, new aiTived, and strangers to these plains. Know liot the palace where grim Pluto reigns. They journey doubtful, nor the road can tell, Which leads to the metropolis of hell. A thousand avenues those towers command, A thousand gates for ever open stand. As all the rivers disembogued, find room For all their waters in old Ocean's womb : So this vast city worlds of shades receives. And space for millions still of worlds she leaves. Th' unbodied spectres freely rove, and shew, Whate'er they loved on earth, they love below. The lawyers, still, or right, or wrong, support. The courtiers smoothly glide to Pluto's court. Still airy heroes thoughts of glory fire ; Still the dead poet strings his deathless lyre ; And lovers still, with fancied darts, expire. Common Rights. Met. vi. 349. Quid prohibetis aquis 1 usus communis aquarum. Nee solem proprium natura, nee aera fecit, Nee tenues undas : ad publica munera veni. Water I only ask, and sure 'tis hard From nature's common rights to be debarr'd : This, as the genial sun, and vital air, Should flow alike to every creature's share ; Yet still I ask, and as a favour crave. That wliich a public bounty nature gave. Blindness of Mankind. Met. vi. 472. Pro superi, quantum mortalia pectora caecae Noctis habent ! Ye gods ! what thick involving darkness blinds The stupid faculties of mortal minds 1 244 OVIDIUS The Evil that I would not, that I do. 3tet. vii. 18. Si possem, sanior essem. Sed trahit invitam nova vis ; aliudque Cupido, Mens aliud suadet. Video meliora, proboque : Deteriora seqiior. Oh, could T, all would then be well ; But love, resistless love, my soul invades ; Discretion this, affection that persuades. I see the right, and I approve it too ; Condemn the wrong, and yet the wrong pursue. Pleasure followed by Grief. Met. vii. 453. Usque adeo nuUi sincera voluptas, Sollicitique aliquid Isetis intervenit. But mortal bliss will never come sincere, Pleasure may lead, but grief brings up the rear. Fortune Favours the Brave. Met. viii. 72. Sibi quisque profecto Fit deus : ignavis precibus Fortuna repugnat. But gods we all may be : for those that dare Are gods, and fortune's chiefest favours share. The ruling powers a lazy prayer detest, The bold adventurer succeeds the best. Frigid Zone. Met. viii. 788. Est locus extremis Scythite glacialis in oris, Triste solum, sterilis, sine fruge, sine arbore, tellus ; Frigus iners illic habitant, Pallorque, Tremorque, Et jejuna Fames. Where frozen Scythia's utmost bound is placed, A desert lies, a melancholy waste ; In yellow crops there Nature never smiled, No fruitful tree to shade the barren wild : There sluggish Cold its icy station makes. There Paleness frights, and aguish Trembling shakes. Of pining Famine this the fated seat. OVIDIUS 245 Description of Famine. Met. viii. 799. Qujesitamque Fameni lapidoso vidit in agro, Unguibus et raras vellentem dentibus herbas. Hirtus erat crinis ; cava lumina : pallor in ore : Labra incana situ : scabri rubigine dentes : Dura cutis, per quam spectari viscera possent : Ossa sub incurvis exstabant arida lumbis : Ventris erat pro ventre locus. Pendere put ares Pectus, et a spinse tantummodo crate teneri. Auxerat articulos macies, genuumque rigebat Orbis, et immodico prodibant tubere tali. There, in a stony field, the fiend she found, Herbs gnawing, and roots scratching from the ground. Her elflock hair in matted tresses grew ; Simk were her eyes, and pale her ghastly hue ; Wan were her lips, and foul with clammy glue ; Her throat was f urr'd, her guts appear'd within With snaky erawlings through her parchment skin ; Her jutting hips seem'd starting from their place, And for a belly was a belly's space ; Her dugs hung dangling from her craggy spine, Loose to her breast, and fasten'd to her chine ; Her joints protuberant by leanness gi'own. Consumption sunk the flesh, and raised the bone; Her knees' large orbits bunch'd to monstrous size, And ankles to undue proportion rise. The Grave. Met. X. 29. Per ego hsec loca plena timoris, Per Chaos hoc ingens, vastique silentia regni, Eurydices, oro, properata retexite fila. Omnia debemur vobis : paullumque morati, Serius aut citius sedem properamus ad unam. Tendimus hue omnes : haoc est domus ultima Humani generis longissima regna tenetis. HsGc quoque, cum justos matura peregerit annos. Juris erit vestri. Now, by the horrors which these realms surround, By the vast chaos of these depths profound ; By the sad silence which eternal reigns O'er all the waste of these wide stretching plains ; Let me again Eurydice receive. Let Fate her quick-spun thread of life re-weave. vosque -ferij£]| 246 OVIDIUS All our possessions are but loans from you, And soon, or late, you must be paid your due ; Hither we haste to human-kind's last seat, Your endless empire, and our sure retreat. She, too, when ripen'd years she shall attain, Must, of avoidless right, be yours again. Time Passes Eapidly. Met. X. 519, Labitur occulte fallitque volatilis setas ; Et nihil est annis velocius. Time glides along with undiscover'd haste, The future but a length behind the past ; So swift are years. Black look White, and White look Black. Met. xi. 313. Furtum ingeniosus ad omiie, Qui facere assuerat, patriae iion degener artis, Candida de nigris, et de candentibus atra. "Who turn'd to thefts and tricks his subtle thought : Possess'd he was of all his father's sliglit. At will made white look black, and black look white. Description of Sleep. Met. xi. 592. Est prope Cimmerios longo spelunca recessu, Mons cavus, ignavi domus et penetralia Somni : Quo nunquam radiis oriens, mediusve, cadensve Phoebus adire potest. Nebulae caligine mixtse Exhalantur humo, dubia^que crepuscula lucis. Non vigil ales ibi cristati cantibus oris Evocat Auroram : nee voce silentia rumpunt Sollicitive canes, canibusve sagacior anser. Non fera, non pecudes, non moti flamine rami, Humanseve sonum reddunt convicia linguae. Muta quies habitat. Saxo tanien exit ab imo Rivus aquae Lethes : per quern cum murmure labeiis Invitat somnos crepitantibus unda lapillis. Ante fores antri fecunda papavera florent, Innumeraeque herbae : quarum de lacte soporem Nox legit, et spargit per opacas humida terras. OVIDIUS 247 Janua, quae verso stridorem cardine reddat, Nulla domo tot^ ; custos in limine nuUus. At medio torus est, ebeno sublimis in atr^, Plumeus, unicolor, puUo velamine tectus : Quo cubat ipse deus, membris languore solutis. Hunc circa passim, varias imitantia formas, Somnia vana jacent totidem, quot messis aristas, Sylva gerit frondes, ejectas littus arenas. Near the Cymmerians, in his dark abode, Deep in a cavern, dwells the drowsy god ; Whose gloomy mansion nor the rising sun. Nor setting, visits, nor the lightsome noon ; But lazy vapours roun