II iEx ICihrtB SEYMOUR DURST Because it has been said "Ever'tbinQ comes t' him who waits Except a loaned book." Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library Gift of Seymour B. Durst Old York Library Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/handbookforgreenOOclea A HAND-BOOK GREEN - WOOD, X. CLEAVE LAN I). E. B . TRIPP, PRINTER, 1S73. NOTICE. r ~pHE want of a printed guide for the Green- Wood Cemetery has long been felt. It is hop- ed that this little Manual will do something toward supplying it. It (imply aims to point out the ob- jects of greateft attraction — to aid the vifitor in find- ing them — and, by brief explanations and remarks, as occafion seems to call for them, to gratify a cu- riofity which is natural, and to enhance, in some degree, the intereft of the place. HOW TO REACH GREEN-WOOD. ERSONS going to Green-Wood from New York, will find the route by the Hamilton Ferry to be the best, The New York terminus of this ferry adjoins that of the South Ferry. The landing in Brooklyn is about two miles from the northern entrance. For those who prefer to take Brooklyn on the way, or to avoid the crowds in Broadway, the Catharine Ferry is most direct. From that ferry, Green-Wood may be reached by driving to South Brooklyn, and thence to the Third Avenue; or through Fulton Street and Avenue to the Fourth Avenue, which runs within one block of the western side of the Cemetery. The Hamilton and the Fulton Ferries are recommended to all those who intend to take 6 A HAND-BOOK FOR GREEN-WOOD. the horse cars. From these ferries a car starts with every boat. Carriages stand near the outer gate of the Northern Entrance, which, under license from the Comptroller, convey visitors through the ground. The drivers are civil and intelligent, * — the prices uniform and reasonable. A printed card, giving the rates of fare and the regula- tions for the hack-men, is posted conspicuously in each carriage. PRELIMINARY NOTE. T is not easy to decide how Green-Wood can best be seen at a single visit. It would not be difficult to mark out a route that could be quickly accomplished — such a route, for in- stance, as the hack-drivers are wont to take. A drive like this will give, indeed, some idea of the Cemetery, and must content those who have time for no more. Even to those who can take only this little round, the Hand-book will be useful — as it will be easy, by means of its index, to find some account of every local- ity and object, to which their attention will be called. The narrations and explanations, which one gets from the coach-box, though seemingly stereotyped, are not always authentic. The tour given in this Hand-book is longer, and will take considerable time. It aims at 8 A HAND-BOOK giving a good knowledge of the Cemetery. Those who follow it faithfully, will see a large part of what is most interesting and most im- portant in Green-Wood. It may be accom- plished in a single effort. Still the result will "be most complete and satisfactory, when more than one day is devoted to the object; or the time occupied can be abridged, more or less, by omitting portions of the route. There will be no difficulty in determining the part to leave out, if the visitor knows what it is that he most wishes to see. To all who think of using this guide-book and its route, we recommend a careful inspec- tion of the map. The name of an avenue or of a path — of ridge, hill, or dell — may not readily arrest the eye. But a section, notwithstanding the irregular numbering, can be found at once. No one who remembers this, ought to be long at a loss, either in studying the chart, or in exploring the ground. FOR GREEX-WOOD. 9 The irregularity noticeable in the section numbers is due mainly to the fact, that Green- Wood has grown to its present size by suc- cessive additions. To change the numbers now, by the adoption of a regular system for the entire ground, would bring confusion and per- plexity into all the records of the institution. The anomaly however is not so great as, at first, it seems. Number One, for instance, is on the southern border, about midway between the Western and the Southern Entrance — being the lowest in a tier of six sections. Number seven adjoins number six, and this tier reaches down to the Fifth Avenue. Three tiers more, having the same eastern and western boundaries, carry us to number fifty. Fifty-one is a step higher, and there are four tiers of this class, ending at the top, with ninety-eight, which forms the western end of Ocean Hill. 1* 10 A HAND-BOOK The next row begins one step higher, and counts from ninety-nine to one hundred and ten, with section O at the foot. One hundred and eleven, (ill) is on Battle Hill, and this short tier ends with one hundred and nineteen at Ocean Hill. The remaining numbers, on this eastern side of the Cemetery, are one hundred and twenty to one hundred and twenty-seven. Sections one hundred and twenty-eight to one hundred and thirty-six are, for the present, alphabetically named, by the letters A. to J. One hundred and thirty-seven (137) is in the retreating angle at the eastern end of Ocean Hill, and the numbers, till you reach one hun- dred and seventy-five, run regularly up and down, from left to right, Beyond this there seems to have been some disturbing force, and the figures skip about in a very erratic way. FOR GREEN-WOOD. 11 So much in regard to a sectional study of the map. Scrutinize it now with more care, and you will discover in nearly every section, a small cross. This cross indicates the precise position on the ground of a low iron block, which bears the number of the section — and which, in this guide book, we have called the section-post. In no part of the ground can it require a long search to find one of these land-marks. This done, a reference to the map, shows at once, exactly where yon are. In addition to this, you have the names of all the avenues and paths, clearly and conspicuously displayed upon the frequent guide-posts. The stranger in Green-Wood, who attempts to make his way over it without guide or clue, is quite likely to find it a labyrinthine maze. But let him pay due heed to the hints just given, and lie may thread its multitudinous avenues and paths easily and fearlessly. 12 A HAND-BOOK While we allow that those who merely ride or drive through the principal avenues, may see and may enjoy much, it is still true that the pedestrian alone becomes acquainted with Green-Wood. He only finds the cross-roads — climbs the hills — dives into the dells — and wan- ders, at will, through scores of sequestered and leafy paths. Among the hundred and sixty- five thousand graves in this Cemetery, there is many a monument, beautiful or queer — many an epitaph, appropriate or absurd, touching or laughable — many a memorial of true love and grief, as well as of harmless vanity and aping fashion — which the great majority of visitors never see, and know nothing of. We would advise those who have the leisure for it, to take one part at a time. Fix on a certain por- tion of the ground for the extent of a single ramble, and explore it thoroughly with your guide-book and Map. A few visits made in this way will accomplish the whole, easily, sat- isfactorily, yes, delightfully. FOR GREEN-WOOD. 13 As you pass over these undulating and highly diversified grounds, let me call your at- tention to the important fact that the grading of the land is all done by the managers of the institution;— that the ground receives its final shape before the lots are sold, and that no sub- sequent alteration of the surface, is allowed. In this respect, Green- Wood differs— and favor- ably differs— from some other celebrated and beautiful cemeteries of the rural class. You can easily see how greatly its beauty would be marred, if its hundreds of knolls and dells, with their curving and graceful outlines, should be flattened and excavated— terraced and bro- ken—straightened and stiffened— to suit the various tastes and fancies of the different own- ers. In perfecting this feature of Green-Wood, art has lent its aid to nature. Those who have not watched the long and skillful and patient operation— the scooping and the rounding— the taking out and the filling in— the di«-m„o- down and the heaping up— can hardly imagine 14 A HAND-BOOK bow much has been done in the way of shaping and improving the contour of these grounds. Another feature of Green- Wood, — distinguish- ing it, I believe, from all other cemeteries, — consists in the larger number of circular, ellip- tical, and triangular inclosures, which add so much to the variety and general effect. Had the ground been entirely level, all its lots would have been parallelograms. Such an ar- rangement would have been more economical, but not nearly so picturesque. Through an outer gate-way on the Avenue, you enter what may be called the vestibule of Green-Wood, — already constituting no mean approach to the main entrance, and destined, as the years advance, to become far more shady, more beautiful, more impressive. At a proper distance from the edifice, pause K7ITHIN.) FOR GREEN- WOOD. 15 for a moment of careful survey. That it be- longs to the Gothic style, all will see. That it is a pure and noble specimen of the order will be evident to those who have made architec- ture a study. Tastes differ and will always differ. To my mind, the style adopted here, is the style of building best adapted to the place. Its associations, as suggested by this grand and solemn portal, seem to me every-way congenial with the character and uses of the ground. In its origin the Gothic is not only religious but Christian. Its whole history has entwined it with ideas of reverence and wor- ship,— with all that faith can impart of hope, and consolation, and strength, amid the be- reavements of life, and the certainty of dissolu- tion. Contemplate the pile. You cannot fail to mark the impressive aspect of its general out- line- the variety and beauty of its detail— 1 lie harmonious character of the whole. There is 16 A HAND-BOOK no need of calling your attention to the arches, gables, towers; — the pinnacles and the spring- ing buttresses of the central structure ; to the neat and commodious offices on one side, or to the elegant little resting-room upon the other side. Keep it in your eye, until you see and feel the richness of the tracery. Note the pan- els, high above the gate-ways, with allegorical figures in strong relief upon their shields. Note, especially, the sculptured groups, which occupy the large triangular spaces below. In the left-hand group, as we look at the building from the western side, Jesus is seen, restoring the widow's son to life. Upon the right is the scene of his own entombment. The raising of Lazarus and the resurrection of our Lord, are the subjects presented upon the other side of the gate. The success of this work may not strike you as equal throughout. But in each of these groups there are figures which will reward a careful inspection. Mark the FOR GREEN-WOOD. 17 different postures and expression, and see with what fidelity and power,— grief and anxiety, wonder and terror, are here portrayed in stone. None can doubt that the memories and the associations, which the sight of these objects will awaken, are highly appropriate to such a vestibule. The material employed for these figures is the beautifully tinted Nova-Scotia sandstone. The credit of the work-both in conception and execution— is due to Mr. John Moffit, a young artist of more than common talent. Nor should the architect of this noble edifice be overlooked. The designs, not only for the structure before us, but for all the buildings erected by the corporation since the opening of the Cemetery, have been furnished by Richard Upjohn, or by his son of the same name. By reference to the map you will perceive e position and character of the other struc- 1 8 A HAND-BOOK tures standing on the east of the gate-way: namely, the Porter's Lodge, the Stable, Tool- room, and Store-house, as also, the residence of the Superintendent of Interments, Mr. Wil- liam Scrimgeour, whose connection with the Cemetery dates from its beginning. Let us now set out upon our little tour turning, in the first place, to the right, by Landscape Avenue. The beautiful knoll upon our right, which extends to the Fifth Avenue, has not been lousy graded, and is yet unsold. There is no choicer spot in all the ground. At the foot of this slope was the original entrance, and there stood the first structures erected in these grounds, — gate — lodge — bell- tower — cottage, — all in rustic style. Yet, sim- ple and inexpensive as they were, they possess- ed a charm, which still secures to them a place in our memory and affections. The Ket «i ERECTED IN- 1643, ENLARGE*; ; odge. , ANTD REMOVED IN 1862. FOR GREEN-WOOD. 19 Taking the first left hand turn, we are in Sycamore Avenue. A monument on the left, bears the name of Dixon H. Lewis. Mr. Lewis was, for many yen-, a representa- tive in Congress from Alabama, being a senator at the time of his death. He was well known as the "stout gentleman," who by the court esy of the House, and from actual necessity, occu- pied two seats. As a statesman, Mr. Lewis was able and useful — as a man, good humored, kind, frank and sincere. His burial here is due to the fact, that he happened to die in New York, and that he had previously expressed his admiration of Green-Wood. On the other side is the monument of the benevolent John B. Graham, and beyond and below is Arbor Water, one of the smallest and one of the prettiest of the Green-Wood lakelets. In plain sight, upon Willow Avenue and Arbor Water, is the large Receiving Tomb 20 A HAND-BOOK of the Cemetery. This Tomb has in front, a deep open vestibule, where funeral services are sometimes performed, when the weather makes such shelter desirable. The door admits you to a spacious aisle, with vaulted apartments on each side. These apartments contain the hori- zontal cells in which the coffins are placed. "They are, as nearly as possible, air-tight re- ceptacles, closed when in use and hermetically sealed. 99 Every cell is numbered, and each in- serted coffin bears a metallic tally correspond- ing with the number of the cell. There are three hundred and sixty-one of these cells. An enlargement of the Tomb, on the south side, is now in progress, wdiich will furnish accommodation for seven hundred and fifty bodies more. These catacombs, it hardly needs be said, are not intended as places of permanent deposit. From various causes the instances in which a temporary accommodation is wanted, are quite FOR GREEN-WOOD. 21 frequent, and this subterraneous caravansary never lacks guests. Its internal regulations and arrangements are all in keeping with the whole character of this well managed institution. Were it a hospital for the living, instead of a tran- sient asylum for the dead, it could hardly be more neatly kept, more perfectly aired, or more carefully disinfected. Ascending now the steep bluff, by means of Sycamore Avenue, we pass, on the left, several neat vault-fronts of recent erection, one of which has the name of Miguel de Aldama, an exiled Cuban. Higher up is Samuel Bov m/s obelisk of dark, polished granite. Tapering up- ward, in a series of slight but graceful curves, this structure is an agreeable deviation from the usual stiffness and monotony of this oft-re- peated monumental form. Now, turning to the left in Bay Side Avenue, pass by Schenk, an altar-formed monument with decorated panels and escutcheon— by Griffin, a bust, remarkable 22 A HAND-BOOK not only for the sweet expression of the face, bat for a peculiar effect of the declining sun- light as it shines through the veil of translucent marble, — still along Bay Side Avenue, under and around Bay Grove Hill — taking care not to lose the charming picture spread out below and beyond you on the left. Here you are in Bay Side Dell. Its outer circle is lined with vaults, and Green-Wood has very few older tomb-fronts than those of Cairns, Davie, Johnston, and others. But your eye will fasten at once on the imposing form oi De Witt Clinton. This statue of a truly great man claims more than a transient glance. Take your position somewhere in Sweetser's plot among the marble vases. A colossal form should be looked at from a little distance. A short contemplation of the figure before us, will well repay you. You may safely accept it as a truthful and worthy presentation of the man. We will not suppose you, good FOR GREEX-WOOD. 23 friend, so green as to know nothing of the history and merits of De Witt Clinton. We are not going to tell here what he accom- plished. It is enough to remind you that the great Erie Canal owes its existence to his sa- gacity and his energy. That canal is, indeed, his best monument. Xow go close up and study the bronze tablets on the side of the pedestal. Do not leave them till their whole significance is distinctly seen. -On one side you see the canal in progress-the survey, the excavation, the teams, etc. Upon the other side the canal is in full operation. The bustling scene around the boats and the dock is happily contrasted with the idle group of Indians, who seem to be looking in sadness on the enterprise, before which they and their bark canoes are fast fading away." This fine statue is the work of Henry K. Brown, and has the honor of being the first really successful casting of bronze in the statu- 24 A HAND-BOOK ary line made in America. The cost (about $15,000) was defrayed, in part, by private sub- scription, and, in part, by Green-Wood Cemetery. The remains of the illustrious statesman rest below. From Bay Side Dell cross over to Battle Avenue by the aid of Syeinga Path, and meet your carriage at the junction of Battle and Bay View. Thus walking you pass in sight of Johnson and Halsted's twin-pillared monument — of the Rev. Charles C. Boteford and the Rev. J. F. Cox — of the "Equestrian" Spencer's collection of marbles, and the Tus- can Pastacaldi's interesting group. In Battle Avenue, turn to the left, and on your left mark the brown-stone memorial of Colonel Charles, who fell in the war of the Rebellion — Mora's polished granite cross, and the tomb and statuary of James W. Gerard. Now to the right in Bay View Avenue, and stop for a moment before the resting-place of the well- FOR GREEN- WOOD. 25 known pianist and composer, Louis Moreau GtOttsc h a lk . In the angel and its book — the glazed case of bead- work — and the box-planted area — read the evidences of sisterly love and sorrow. Still on and up through Bat View to Bat- tle Avenue, and now, leaving Dexike and Lambert on your right, step over to John An- derson's sepulchral home. This is an imitation, in little, of an Ionic amphi-prostyle temple. Its heavy masses of Quincy stone are put together in a compact and thorough manner, and will stand for a^es. Marble statues of the Evanare- lists occupy the four niches of this structure. The material is not the finest, but the work is good, and came from the studio of Mr. Mofiit. Study them a little, and see if you can distin- guish Matthew from Mark— Luke from John. The cost of the edifice was $25,000 ; the name of its proprietor is familiar to countless smokers 2 20 A HAND-BOOK and chewers : the builder was William Pit- bladdo. Again eastwardly and upward by Battle Avenue, and past Verdant and Warrior Paths, to the summit of Battle Hill. Fierce names these for the peaceful abode of the dead. But the scene has not been always peace- ful. This very spot was once, at least, disturb- ed by the noise and smoke of musketry and can- non — by shouts, and groans and carnage. From trees which stood where Ave stand, American sharp-shooters took deadly aim at British Officers, and were, themselves, in turn brought down. For details of the battle of Brooklyn, fought August 27, 1770, — so far as relates to the fight near Gowanus Bay, and the operations of Lord Stirling and General Grant, — I must refer you to the History of Green- Wood, lately published.* Here, upon our left, stands the granite monu- *The Work can be obtained at either of the Cemetery Offices. FOR GREEN-WOOD. '2 7 ment of Theodore Haslehurst, who fell in the second engagement at Bull Run. Beyond Hasle- hurst is the pleasing memorial of " Our Fred." The little school-boy is a well executed figure in high relief. And near this, is a tree-trunk imi- tated in white marble. Upon it leans a cross, and the whole is over-spread with sculptured vines and flowers. You may see this device re- peated again and again as you traverse these grounds, and each time, probably, with dimin- ished gratification. Simplicity and truth in art are the qualities which please us best and longest. Nearly opposite is Batchelder's Gate — a re- markable work, made to be looked at only from without. A little to the left, also, upon Warrior Path, you can see the tall column, which commemorates the name of Colonel Abraham S. Vosburgii, one of our earliest martyrs in the war of the Rebellion. - Your eye will not fail to rest, for an instant, on Gordon W. Burnham's large circle, with its 28 A HAND-BOOK massive curb, its tall and well-wrought central shaft — and the allegorical statue on its summit ; — all finely executed by Moffit in imperishable granite. From Fern' Avenue let us ascend The Pla- teau, and taking a seat on the solid and con- venient roof of Dubant's Tomb, look around. Conspicuous among the objects near at hand, is this tall, round white column, with dark, me- tallic capital and festooned bands. It was erect- ed by the corporation of Xew York, professedly, in honor of those volunteer soldiers who fell in the late war. Like some other works of that famous body, it is, as you may perceive, unfin- 4 ished. On the western edge of the Plateau rise the monuments of Woodruff, Earle, Smith and Clark. On the east, we have Exos' red granite column. Erving's light-colored granite, Larmande's bronze relievo bust, and hooks for mourning wreaths, Miller, Dunn, and others. A little further east the ground rises some- FOR GREEX-WOOD. 29 what higher. Let us stand for one moment on this, the loftiest spot in the Cemetery. No where else can you see so much, or look so far. On the western side, the eye, starting from the low New Jersey shore, readies back to the Highlands as they fade away in the azure dis- tance, and blend with the dim horizon. On the other side, stretches far away the coast of Long Island, and the boundless Ocean. Nearer, and just below us are the green slopes of Staten Island — the little bay of Gowanus, and the beautiful harbor, reaching from the Narrows to the Battery, covered and animated with every species of vessel that moves by oar, or sail, or paddle, or screw-blade; craft of all sizes, from shells and wherries to the great leviathans of commerce, and the mighty war- ship, — bound for, or come from, every port on the globe. And here right before us spreads out the vast City, with its million of human beings. What concentration of busy life — what tumul- 30 A HAND-BOOK tuous whirl and roar are there! A short hour ago, perhaps, you were looking on that scene — felt its feverish excitement— formed a part of its ever-hurrying throng. Here also you are in the midst of a multi- tude—the vast concourse of the dead. Could contrast show itself in stronger colors! Here are feet which once trod that well-worn pave- ment, — hearts which throbbed as thousands still throb in the strife for gain, or in the chase of pleasure, — and heads which used to toil and ache as ours yet ache and toil. Those restless feet— those bounding pulses — those anxious brains — how still they lie below us now ! But have they not a voice? Let us tread softly here, and listen as we go. A few steps taken in Orchard Path, will place you before the monument of Griffith B. Thomas — a well executed piece of sculpture. It is a more questionable taste which dictated the metallic sarcophagus in the same plot. FOR GREEN-WOOD. 31 As you return to Burnham, look into Du- rant's spacious vault, where you will see bur- nished columns— marble statues — and two an- gelic forms holding a crown. In case the sun is shining at the time, these figures will seem to be illumined by some supernal and myste- rious glory. Again we are in Battle Avenue, passing near the Pilot's monument with its marine emblems — by Seymour's plot, full of sculptured headstones, by the large, granite, globe-crowned pillar of Edwards, — to Atlantic Avenue. C, Griffith's lot, delineated on the map, is near the junction, and its small monument is one of the attractions of these attractive grounds. It is an attempt to depict in stone a little scene of domestic life. There is a modest house-front. Mr. Griffith has just come out, and, with coat on arm, has readied the sidewalk, evidently bound for the Sixtli Avenue horse-car, which is visible in the distance. His affectionate Jane, 32 A HAND-ROOK stands on the lowest door-step uttering her fund farewell. Now go west by Atlantic to Highland Avenue, by Sturtevant, Goadby, Hoppock and Van Wa<,e\en, and by the grave of one who served his country on the sea, Captain James T. Leonard of the Navy. Not far to the right, upon Highland Avenue, are several lowly graves, one of which has a small head- stone, while the others are designated by boards. Twenty-three years ago the tenants of this now neglected spot, having lost their lives in the public service, during our war with Mexico, were brought to Xew York, and were buried with all the pomp of civic and military display. A distinguished civilian, and two Doc- tors in Divinity, pronounced funeral orations over the brave departed. Was that imposing pageant the mark of real respect and regard? Were those eulogies sincere ? Why then does no hedge or paling designate and guard the FOR GREEN-WOOD. 33. ground? — no stone preserve the record of their names and deeds ? Their names, at least, this page shall give. Colonel Charles Baxter; Captain Barclay ; Lieutenants Gallagher, Klelne, Floyd, Boyle and Alexander S. Forbes.* Here, on the right, is the large round plot of David Leavitt. It has recently been sur- rounded by a massive curb, and dignified by an imposing central monument of the polished Scotch granite. Turning at section-post 107, walk a little way up Battle Avenue, and give a moment to the monument which has just been placed over the vault of James Gordon Bennett. Here, an angel holds, fondly and gracefully, a little angel newly fledged. The bereaved mo- ther kneels below. The design is tasteful and * The remains of Captain Pearson and Lieutenant Chandler have been removed by friends into private lots, and their places tilled by members of the regiment who have since died. 2* 04 A HAND-BOOK the execution very fine. It almost grieves us to see such material and such work subjected to atmospheric influences so malign as ours. From Highland Avenue, turn again into Battle Avenue, at section-post 91. The large plot enclosed by an evergreen hedge is owned by the family of Mr. Benjamin L. Swan. Mr. Swan was for many years one of the Vice-Pres- idents of the American Bible Society, and ac- tively engaged in promoting its interests. Follow Battle Avenue, as it skirts the base of Chestnut Hill, and until it meets Green- bough Avenue, or reach that point more agreeably by means of Moss-bank Path. Here is the monument of Charlotte Canda. Among the numerous objects of attraction in Green- Wood, this structure was for many years u the observed of all observers." Nor is this strange. The unique appearance of the monument and FOR GREEN-WOOD. 35 its surroundings: — the richness and variety of its sculpture — the minuteness and elaborate finish of its innumerable details, together with its lavish cost — excited wonder even more than admira- tion. New monuments and structures not less costly than the Cauda mausoleum, are getting to be common in the Cemetery, and this mar- vel of other days has lost something of its im- portance. M. Cauda was a native of France. He. was an officer in the army of Napoleon, and after Waterloo, came to the United States. Here he married a French Lady, and with her coopera- tion opened in New York a school for young ladies, which became very successful. Charlotte, their only child, had grown into womanhood, admired by all for her attainments and accom- plishments — beloved by all for her sweetness and goodness. In the evening of her seven- teenth birthday, (February 3, 1845,) "as she was returning with her father from the festive 36 A HAND-BOOK enjoyments of a small party of friends, they stopped upon the way to leave a young com- panion. Mr. Cauda attended the lady to the door, his daughter remaining in the carriage. ring tins brief absence, the driver, who was standing on the sidewalk, dropped his reins for an instant, and the horses suddenly started off. As the carriage turned into Broadway, Miss Canda fell through the open door, so that the back of her head struck the pavement. She was taken up insensible, conveyed to a hotel near, and soon expired." In this blight of their fondest affections and hopes, the bereaved parents found a partial solace in the erection and adornment of this remarkable memorial. " The idea of this mon- ument, in its general outline and essential fea- tures, was conceived and sketched by Miss Canda herself. It was meant as a tribute to a beloved aunt, whose death occurred a few months before her own. To carry out her own happy FOR GREEN-WOOD. 37 thought — to enrich it with the utmost variety and elegance of detail— to place around her, in death, the roses, the flowers, the buds which she loved, and the wreaths, which in life so often adorned her; more than all, to blend with this story of deepest grief, the emblems of that christian faith and hope, which their daughter cherished, and which were their own best comfort, was long the sad pleasure of her mourning parents. If the visitor can spare a few minutes to ex- amine this extraordinary piece of work, he will find no part of it without some special signifi- cance. The statue in the niche, was meant for a likeness, though it bears only a tolerable re- semblance to Miss Canda. Roses and ivy, the lily and the jessamine, hang in profusion from the mouldings and pendentives of the arches. The cypher " 0.0." upon the shield is formed of seventeen rose-buds. Mingled with lilies, among the terminal ornaments of the centre- 38 A HAND-BOOK piece, you see the palm and the acanthus. Those two buttresses are just seventeen feet high. Each finial of the sixteen gablets ou the lateral facades is a bunch of flowers, and each bunch has seventeen roses. An oblong space in front of the statue and immediately over the vault, is surrounded by a balustrade, and forms a sort of parvis or porch to the monument. A monumental slab occu- pies the middle of this space, having at its head an urn, with books and instruments of music and of drawing, scattered around. Above the pilasters outside, and upon the rose and jessamine branches, which adorn the frieze of the balustrade, you may see perched the little birds which were so dear to the once fair ten- ant of this tomb. These flenrs-de-lys upon the panels proclaim her French descent. The but- terfly above the cloud, and repeated elsewhere, betokens the soul, released and ascending. Each one of the four tripods which you see, all cov- FOR GREEN-WOOD. 30 ered with floral offerings, employed a skillful workman many months, and would alone be elsewhere a rich monument. Those winded hV- ures on the granite blocks, "may be regarded as guardian angels waiting to convey the liber- ated soul to the abodes of the blessed." Even the iron railing is flowery, and, better still, real roses and living forget-me-nots, are care- fully cherished within. Although such portions of the structure and appendages as can be covered by boxing, have had this protection in the winter-time, we have seen blackness gradually spread over the once spotless marble, until its beauty was sadly marred. It has, indeed, been thoroughly cleaned and renewed. But the thought will intrude that the day is not very distant, when a care so expensive must cease to be exercised. The probable aspect, thirty years hence, not only of the Canda Mausoleum, but of much other sculp- tured and costly marble in the Cemetery, is not 4<> A HAND-BOOK a pleasant contemplation. Bronze, granite, sand- stone may look plain and homely beside the snow-white statue fresh from the artist's hands. Would it not be wise to consider how they are likely to compare, when twenty of our northern winters shall have passed over them '. J The headstone directly before the gate has a poetic inscription which was written for it. As one-half of the epitaph is on the further side, we repeat it here. So vanishes that meteor fair, The morning cloud in empty air: So flits on vapory wing away, The diamond dew-drop from the spray ; So fades— so falls— the opening rose, Snapped, timelessly, before it blows ; So sinks from sight, eve's golden star, Lost in the watery depths afar. Yet still does the bright planet burn ; Not hopeless is our Charlotte's urn ; In God's own morn her orb will rise, Once more— a Star of Paradise. Before you turn into Green-bough Avenue, notice the tomb-front with a winged globe, FOR GREEN-WOOD. 41 the resting-place of Chester Jennings, long and well known as landlord of the City Hotel in Xew York. In Green-bough, yon will pass the round lot of G. Brodie, with its marble obelisk (see map) and may see in the rear the fine tomb of Jasper Grosvenor. Now by Orr, Cooke, Douglass and Eliza Willi ams' monumental angel, till we come again into Atlantic Avenue, and leaving Mulberry Hill and Meadow Avenue on out- right, pass up by Meadow Hill. In an oval lot on this mound, stands, half hidden by the foliage, a bronze statue, the work of Henry K. Brown. In this expressive form we may fancy an embodiment of christian faith. It will bear examination, and should be looked at from every side. This monument is commemorative of Wil- liam Satterlee Packer, whose widow, carry- ing out the unfulfilled purpose of her husband, endowed the Packer Institute in Brooklyn, and thus made the name a praise fur all coming time. 4-2 A HAND-BOOK Still along Atlantic Avenue by Matthew Morgan's long, family-row of sepulchral homes, which we leave on our left, and by Twilight Dell, which lies below us on the right, we come to Grassy Path, on which stands the tall granite shaft of Herman Thorn. Mr. Thorn lived long in Paris, but spent his last years in New York. In both cities he was well-known as a man of large means and large expense — a leader in the circles of elegant fashion. Upon the left, as we proceed, and stretching westward almost to the outer boundary of the ground, rises the Hill of Graves. Of several tracts in Green- Wood, which have been suc- cessively set apart for those who apply, not for lots, but for graves only, this is the lar- gest, and large as it is, it is nearly all occu- pied. You will acknowledge, I think, that there is something peculiarly impressive in those long rows of grassy mounds, so regularly and thickly set. Specially touching is the aspect of FOR GREEX-WOOD. 43 those shorter heaps which tell us how many are cut off in the very morning of life. These unshaded, undecorated, monotonous plantations of the great reaper, may have but small attrac- tion for the visitor, in this pleasant Cemetery. But many a mourner is seen lingering there, and evidences not a few, of love and grief — humble indeed, but none the less sincere — ave to be found among those grassy mounds. The Soldiers' Lot which lies next upon our left, is ground appropriated by the Directors in 1862, for the gratuitous interment of any New York soldiers, who should die in their country's service, during the war then raging. As com- pared with the whole number of such deaths, the interments made here were very few. The generous offer of the Cemetery Gover- nors, did not happen to chime exactly with the tactics and peculiar patriotism of the men 44 A HAND BOOK who governed the City of New York, in those memorable years of trial and of sacrifice. From section-post 103 to Central Avenue, by the Rev. John Gbay's altar-formed monu- ment, turning to the right in Centeal, by the ground of Petee IIoeft, and by the crosses in Weaver's plot, till you reach Dell Avenue. Here Ciiauncey's large octagonal structure will claim a passing notice. Before descending into Forest Dell, look at the small headstone on your left, which marks the grave of two chil- dren, who bore the name of Wheeler. It will pay you to examine it. The modest sandstone, with all its mouldings and volutes, is beautifully decorated with lichens. You will perceive that' this graceful adornment covers every part, ex- cepting the sunken and inscribed tablet. This is just as one would wish to have it. Ylay we not learn, from even this small memorial, a useful lesson in regard to the proper style for monumental sandstone ? "Oozzewt" FOR GREEN- WOOD. 45 On the right, as we pass into Forest Dell, glance at the monument of Aerinda L'Amour- eux, and see that there is, at least, one serious objection to recumbent statuary, when placed as this is placed. From Dell Avenue by Oak Leaf, up Dell Wood and Laburnum Paths to the monument of Dr. Samuel Latham Mit- chell. A famous name this, some forty years ago. Then Dr.. Mitchell was the great savant of New York. He was a lecturer — he was a jour- nalist — he was a corresponding member of many learned societies abroad. Debatable points in chemistry — in mineralogy — in zoology — were re- ferred to him for solution, and he was not slow to answer. In one instance all Gotham was as- tonished, if not shocked, by his oracular decision that the whale is not a fish. The wits of that day (see Halleck and others) took advantage of his easy nature, and made him, at times, the subject of their raillery. Notwithstanding this, the Doctor, who was a Senator as well as Savant, deserved well of his country, and well 40 A HAND-BOOK of American learning, then passing through its day of small things. Let us keep his name from oblivion, if we can. Look now at his monument: that sculptured form " is the Historic Muse, and so calmly does she seem to sit in the tranquil shade — that you might fancy her the embodied spirit of the Dell. Draw nearer: the design and the work will bear examining. The classic contour of the face and figure — the easy and graceful attitude — and the expression, so quiet and con- templative — all indicate the hand and eye of a master." This statue came from the Studio of Mr. Henry Kirke Brown. That small Grecian structure a little farther on, which gives us some faint idea of the Choragic Monument at Athens, was reared to the memory of William Axson Lawrence — a native of New York and a partner in the house of Wetmore and Co., at Canton. He was FOR GREEX-WOOD. 47 drowned (1844) in the Chinese waters. This memorial was reared by his friends — a genuine tribute of love and esteem. Again in Dell Avenue we pass near the plot and monument of Sylvanus Miller, long known in the political annals of the State, and for many years Surrogate of the City of New York. Two marble busts and other carved work oc- cupy the ground of T. P. Norris, and near it is the once snowy marble which bears the name of Caroline Laura Mitchell. Still on by Dell Avenue, through Sections seventy- seven and seventy-three, until you reach South- Wood Avenue. Here take the left and soon enter Oak-Wood, also on the left, (section seventy-six). Very few, I am sure, will ever pass along this route, to whom it will not be pleasant to know, that there, upon the left, is 4n A HAND-BOOK the ground selected by that eminent American orator and preacher, Henry Ward Beecher. Here too, you pass the Lot of Samuel Ward, and John Ward, once distinguished bankers of New York. From Oak- Wood Avenue, near the section- post of seventy-six, we turn to the right into Birch Avenue, going between Oak Hill and Ever-green Ridge. John Henry's monument on the left of Birch has some sculpture, the meaning of which you must decipher. Turn to the right, down Acorn Path and across Ever-green, and look at Cozzen's modest memorial. Here he laid away his Marion. The epitaph gives her name alone, and the date of her decease. But there is more here. On an inserted tablet of the purest marble, behold her on the way to a brighter world than ours. Her face and the face of her angel guide re- flect only love and peace. The sweet expres- FOR GREEN- WOOD. 49 sion— the graceful form and pose of the figures — the delicate drapery — and the perfect finish — make this little bit of sculpture an ever fresh delight. It is marvellous that it endures ex- posure so well. It would probably have been otherwise had it continued, as at first, to face the north. It is from the chisel of H. K. Browne. Now in Central Avenue where we leave on our right, the large inclosure of Samuel and William Shepard Wetmore, great East In- dia merchants, and by the circular lot em- bowered in willows, which bears the name of Peter Cooper, a man who has insured for himself an undying remembrance, among the great benefactors of this benevolent age,— into Grove Avenue (one hundred and one) where we take the left, passing on the right, John Targee, once a man of note in political circles and warm party times; by Coleman, and Petti- grew, and Houghton, whose epitaph you may 3 50 A HAND-BOOK read — if you can — and by the round plot and tall Grecian column of Lilienthal — name once dear to lovers of the Indian weed. Still by Grove Avenue and around Syca- more Grove, where we turn to the right. A tall obelisk on the left bears the name of the Rev. Benjamin C. Cutler, for many years, the much-loved rector of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn. Henry Ruggles is opposite, with his marble and colossal presentment of the young and praying Samuel, and with a remark- able stanza from Dr. Watts. That square marble building somewhat like a summer-house, is the monument of H. Derby- shire. Ostrander's urn-crowned monument is on the rigHt. The round columnar edifice of conspicuous aspect belongs to Arnold, a well- known dry-goods merchant of New York. Leaving Arnold on the left, keep on in At- FOR GREEN- WOOD. 51 lantic Avenue, through sections one hundred and eighteen and one hundred. Our way is lin- ed with tomb fronts, some of which are peculiar. Here are Gibbet, Burtis, Hall, Ebaugh— note the open book— Riley, Kinner, and Cox. A number of monumental stones mark the plot of R. M. Blatchford. Here, also, are Davidson, Hutchinson, Eggleston, Swift, and Vallance. On the left, also, and near the summit of Ocean Hill, stands the memorial of Brockholst Liv- ingston a great man in his day— and a Judge of the highest court in our country. The neat classical epitaph does only justice to his emi- nent ability, eloquence, learning, and goodness. He died in 1823. Below us on the western slope are the grounds of the well-known banker, George Newbold —of the merchant and philanthropist, Henry Grinnell— and of the merchant and Mayor, Ambrose C. Kingsland. Of these Newbold. only has yet come here to stay. Plere too re- 52 A HAND-JJonK poses the Christian merchant, Jonathan Good- hue— much honored name ! Of the many and varied sepulchral edifices in these grounds, no other is so conspicuous as the monument of Stephen Whitney ; — a dis- tinction which it owes, in part, to its size — still more to its position. The vault is beneath the floor. The interior is a sort of chapel and may be seen partially, at least, through the grated, inner door. The lofty room is lighted by windows of colored and pictured glass. There is nothing which indicates the intended use of this apartment. It may be designed to receive the busts and statues of the family. The blue stone employed in this imposing structure, is hard, durable, and appropriate. But the trim- mings, copings, and bands of soft Caen lime- stone are greatly disintegrated, and will soon involve this expensive structure in disgraceful ruin. It is well to learn that there are building- stones which do not suit our climate, and no FOR GREEN-WOOD. 53 one can regret that an experiment so conclu- sive, is made by those who need not feel the cost. Though Mr. Whitney was so long connected with Green-Wood, and early chose the spot where he was to lie, he left it for the heirs of his immense estate to build this magnificent tomb.* Just beyond Wihtney on the right is the lot of James Boon man. Rufus Prime's monument is on the left, an obelisk of dark polished stone, while the Aymar family ground is marked by a showy, marble monument in the Gothic style. In the plot adjoining Doorman's, stands the monument of Peter W. Radcliffe, a lawyer and jurist of distinction in his day. Look at both sides of the stone. Beyond this, upon the right, you pass by the ground of William E. * Since these remarks were penned, the owners have determined to rebuild this structure, and to substitute granite in all portions where Caen-stone was used. 54 A II AND BOOK Dodge, a man of large means and larger heart. On the right, also, a little to the left of Sarah Cleveland Porter's brown-stone monument, and lower on the hill-side, stands a marble obe- lisk, truncated and capped, with an anchor in relief upon its eastern side. For nearly fifty- years, Isaac McKeever was an officer in the Navy of the United States, and left, behind him in that noble service, not one more brave, or faithful, or humane. Farther on, upon the same side, you will see the name of David Abeel, the devoted mission- ary, and American pioneer of christian effort in China. The charm of this beautiful hill was early felt, and its ground was soon taken. Some of its monuments are among the oldest in Green- Wood, nor are there, perhaps, even amid the costly and elegant erections of a later time, any that, in substantial and appropriate beauty, are FOR GREEN-WOOD. 55 superior to the brown stone monuments of At- wateb, Cleavllaxd and Kixgslaxd, near the junction of Atlantic and Ocean Avenues, and of Nobbis, a little farther west. The large and elaborate altar-tomb near the same corner, is the family vault of the Cornells, an old and respectable Long Island name. An aged and venerable lady, whose remains now moulder in the vault beneath our feet, once gave to the writer of these pages an interesting account of the scene exhibited in the summer of 1776, when the British forces landed at Xew Utrecht, and deployed their scarlet lines, and pitched their white tents, in full view from her lather's door. She was then a very young girl, and from her description I could not doubt that she highly enjoyed the spectacle. From other lips I learned that before the war was over, she married an officer in the Hessian artillery ser- vice, and that old folks could tell a long ro- mantic story of love, separation, and sorrow, before she entered the substantial Cornell fain- 56 A HAND-BOOK ily, and had numerous sons and daughters. Often, when standing on this spot, I have re- called that ancient dame, and her vivid narra- tive, and looking down on New Utrecht and the Flatlands, it has required no great effort of fancy to see the great war ships — the boats — the landing — the tents — the banners — the red- coated regiments — which made the scene below this hill so picturesque and lively, ninety-six years ago. A little way north from the Cornell tomb rises a tall, strong monument of granite. "The form, the solidity, the height, and the material combine to make this one of the most remark- able monuments in Green- Wood." It bears the name of David Hale — founder and editor of the Journal of Commerce, a man of marked character, and of no little note in his day. This beautiful swell of ground is on the north-eastern side of the Cemetery, about two FOR GREEX-WOOD. 51 thirds of the way across. It is of elongated form, and rises sharply from the lower level, es- pecially on the western side. The view which it commands, is one of great extent and* of re- markable beauty. On the left, and toward the east, if the envious foliage does not interfere, you may see the pleasant village of Flatbush. Immediately beyond the green tree-tops which spread out below you, and which shade the eastern end of the Cemetery, the eye ranges from Flatbush, through New Utrecht to the sea, over a level tract of farming land, charmingly varie- gated with wood, meadow, and green of every tint and shade, and dotted all the way with white cottage-homes. Outside of these, as if to protect them from the cold sea-blasts, a dense belt of wood lifts its wall of verdure. Beyond this — beyond the whole — stretching from Sandy- Hook to Rockaway, and further still, lies the Ocean, with bays, inlets, and islands, with smoke- wreathed steamers, snow-white sails, and every thing, indeed, that makes it now grand, now lovely, always interesting. 3* 58 A HAND-BOOK From Atlantic Avenue (Section one-hundred and twenty) turn sharply round into Ocean Avenue. Conspicuous here is the tomb of Da- vid Sutton, with facade and obelisk of white marble. On another marble monument, massive and good-looking, you will see the name of Scmieffelen. E. Fitch Smith, lawyer and judge, has also a marble memorial — a -flattened, taper- ing, cylindrical column, in several pieces, and a head seen in profile. The supplicating young Samuel is upon the ground of George Parker. Upon our left, near section-post ninty-nine, and on Aurora Path, stands the monument of Dud- ley A. Tyng, a neat and plain sand-stone cross. This young man was the eldest son of Rev. Dr. S. H. Tyng, the well known Rector of Saint George's in New York. His untimely death was occasioned by an accident. His dying in- junction, "Stand up for Jesus!" is graven on the stone. Upon the right of this avenue, at the foot FOR GREEN-WOOD. 59 of the hill, and due south from Whitney, you pass the tomb and front lot of Dr. Valentine Mott. Dr. Mott's eminence, as a surgical ope- rator, lecturer, and writer, will long be remem- bered. You will find some attractive sculpture within this inclosure. Turn now upon the left, into Vine Ave- nue, (Section one hundred and sixty,) and stop before the monuments of Scribner and Cran- ston. The former is an open, circular, peristyle structure of eight marble pillars, which support a canopy or roof of the same material, and rest on an octangular base of granite. The marble statue, of rather more than life size, is intended probably as a representation of Hope. A star is on her brow, and she holds to the anchor by a bit of chain. An eight-sided pedestal of dark-colored marble supports the statue. Its inscriptions tell us that Abraham S. Scribner was a native of Danbury, Connecticut; that he died May 18, 1860; and that his wife Zillah 60 A HAND-BOOK died on the first of April, 1854. On the same pedestal, four well executed tablets depict in low relief, the great events of Christ's History. Upon the western front is seen the Nativity ; on the south side, the Crucifixion ; then comes -the Resurrection, and last the Ascension. The whole of the marble work was done in Italy, and the carver of the statue has put his name at the foot. " Profre. Giusepe Lazerini, fece Carrara, 1860." This elaborate work in its passage from Europe to America, was ship- wrecked twice. A marble statue in sitting posture occupies the summit of Cranston's large marble column. From this point proceed eastwardly along Cy- press Avenue, and enjoy the view of Ocean Hill, as its southern declivity rises high upon your left. With its monuments and tomb-fronts its verdant slopes and noble trees, all basking in the sunshine, it forms a picture of transcen- dant beauty. FOR GREEN-WOOD. 01 Near the junction of Cypress and Border, stands the plain headstone of Ormsbt McKnight Mitchell, a man who was eminent in the walks of science, and to whose eloquent lectures on Astronomy, thousands have listened with profit and delight. He had been educated at West Point, and when the war of rebellion came, .gave himself with characteristic ardor to the great cause of the Union. General Mit- chell had already distinguished himself, when disease arrested and ended a career from which much had been hoped. He died in 1862, at Beaufort, in South Carolina. The level ground which lies directly south of Ocean Hill, between Avenues Dawn and Vine, is already largely taken, and may easily be explored by the aid of Cor- nus, Vernal and Landscape Paths. Let us, however, return to Cranston and Scribner, either in the Avenue, or by one of the parallel Paths, Edge-hill, Dawn, and Vine. From 62 A HAND-BOOK this point Vine Avenue will take us to Sassa- fras. It will be more pleasant to go there by Landscape Path, passing near Folger's mon- umental angel and turning into Sassafras Ave- nue, between Payne's granite obelisk with its marble statue, and the granite memorial of Charles Augustus Davis, a man of some cele- brity in his day. Near the intersection of Vine and Sassafras stands the monument of James Renwiok. Asa scholar and teacher— a man of ability and virtue— Professor Ren wick held an honored place. As we go west, in Sassafras, or in Alder Path, Tildex's column of polished Scotch granite, with its recording angel in white marble, will perhaps catch your eye. Here is J. P v ob- inson's tall column with sky-pointing statue, and Jeremiah P. Tappan's neat marble memo- rial. Who has not heard of George Law ? Xear FOR GREEN- AVOOD. 03 the corner of Sassafras and Grape Avenues, you may see what resting-place the great operator has chosen, for the time when his operations will ho over. Along Grape Avenue, crossing Cypress until we come to Locust, near section-post fifty- one. Turn to the right and find, near by in section seventy-four, the monument of Major- General George C. Strong ; a composite structure of many pieces, and, from that very fact, iil-fitted to endure. This young hero of twenty-nine years fell witli the gallant Colonel Shaw, in the terrible attack on Fort Wagner. Never be their names forgotten ! On the declivity between Locust Avenue and Grape Avenue, section seventy-four, rest the ashes of Benjamin Franklin Butler. As the intimate friend and confidential adviser of 64 A HAND-HOOK Martin Van Buren, Mr. Butler was early brought into notice, holding the office of Attorney Gen- eral of the United States, under Jackson and under his successor. He died in the fullness of his ability and fame at the age of sixty-two. Look at this capital piece of work in section seventy-five — this granite mansion reared for the accommodation of Thomas Hunt and family. Green-Wood does not possess a more substantial structure. Here, on the left, are "The Catacombs," — thirty tombs which open into one vaulted area, lighted from above. They were built for sale, and have been, in part, disposed of Bending round to the left through Vine Dell we enter Grove Avenue which takes us back to Grape — where we tarn northwardly and cross southward into Vista. Here on the left is E^ojleston's fine monument, and Cedar Dell lies below us on the same side. FOR GREEN-WOODi (3.3 Upon the right, (section seventy-two,) is old Captain Correja, as large as life, and much as he looked when alive. This statue has long been an object of special attention. You see what it is. Here he stands, as formerly he stood on deck at sea, when a taking an obser- vation." It was, on the whole, a happy thought of the retired veteran, and he found, if I mis- take not a good deal of comfort in it. Long as his strength permitted, he came often to see it ; kept everything in order ; and listened with evident complacency to the remarks of wonder- ing and admiring strangers, as they paused be- fore it. He has gone, at last, where the good .ship-master no longer looks through a glass darkly. Still along Vista Avenue, through section seventy-two to Vista Hill in section seventy- one. This large circular inclosure belongs to the Brooklyn Church and Society of the Saviour. On a pleasant day in September, 66 A HAND-BOOK 1845, this ground was set apart to its destined use with due solemnities. Mr. Farley's address, Mr. Pierpont's hymn — the devotional exercise and the musical performance — all of them ap- propriate and touchingly beautiful — made it an hour long to be remembered. The monument of Augustus Graham is near the gate of this inclosure. He was the founder of a Retreat in Brooklyn, for women who have seen better days, but whom age finds without means or friends. For this and other noble Charities his name will be held in perpetual re- membrance. Follow Vista Avenue through section seventy-eight, with a glance at Forest Dell on the right, and at Brown's Muse, still busy with her writing, to Oak Leaf Avenue which you take on the right, leaving on your left Butternut Hill with its two concentric circles, occupied by the Harper Brothers and their friends. On the gates of the inner circle, you may read the uames of this celebrated, FOR GREEN"- "WOOD. 67 and prosperous, but no longer, unbroken band. They are John; Fletcher; James; and Jo- seph W. Now sweep round Chauncey's Temple into Central Avenue, which you take on the left, coming soon to Twilight Dell upon your right, and to Pixe Hill, on the left. The Dell — not unfitly named — contains several objects of interest. On a prominent granite obelisk you may read the name of Lorenzo B. Shepard, a young lawyer of talent and promise, who dying at the age of thirty-five, had yet risen to be Grand Sachem of Tammany, Counsel to the Corporation of New York, &c, &c. His friends and admirers reared this tribute to his memory. West from Shepard is the brown stone ceno- taph of Major Whistler, a civil enoincer of extraordinary capacity and energy. While suc- cessfully engaged in his profession here, he re- ceived an invitation from the Russian Govern- ment to construct a rail-road from Saint Peters- 68 A HAND-BOOK burg to Moscow. He assumed the vast respon- sibility — and entered with vigor on the work, but did not live to complete it. He died in Russia. In another corner of Twilight Dell, lies the artist Verbryck, and at his side that gallant and amiable man, General Joseph G. Swift, of the U. S. Army, together with his not less gallant son Captain Alexander H. Swift, of the same service, whose death preceded the de- parture of his father. Pixe Hill belongs to the Hoavlands and the Wolcotts, names widely and honorably known in the commercial world. The ground has been excavated, and has extensive catacombs below, though there is but little evidence of this fact on the surface. Those two handsome monuments of the red scotch granite, beautifully wrought and highly polished, bear respectively the names of Gardner G. Howland, and Sam- FOR GREEX-WOOD. 9 uel Shaw Howland, avIio came, when they were boys from Norwich, Connecticut, and built up a great commercial house in the City of New York. This ground — symmetrical as it is in shape — perfectly accessible all round — neatly and durably inclosed — claims high praise for the Rowland selection. The next right-hand turn takes us into Pine Avenue when we have Holly Hill on the right, and Button-Wood Hill on the other side. But before we advance, notice on the left, on Rose Path, some distance in, a large and pe- culiar monument, standing near the line between sections seventy-nine and eighty. This handsome swell of ground belongs to the Fikst Presby- terian Church in Brooklyn. In the centre this Church has a tomb for her ministers, and the monument above, has tablets for their names. Sandford and Carroll are already on the saint- ed roll, and there, probably, in due time — distant be the day!— will be seen the celebrated 70 A HAND-BOOK name of Samuel Hanson Cox, for many years pastor of this Church. There have been a few interments near the circumference of the circle, which is kept apparently for indigent members of the Society. In the earlier days of Green- Wood, while its success was far from being a tiling assured, strong inducements were offered the different religious societies of New York and Brooklyn, to purchase large tracts for the special accommo- dation of their own members. On the part of the Directors the impelling motive undoubtedly was a desire — a necessity I might say — to raise money by the sale. But how very natural the idea ! How becoming such an arrangement, and how consistent with past experience ! Had not the churches, from time immemorial, possessed, or desired, at least, to possess, each its own grave-yard ? Would not the sympathies, the associations, the christian friendships which had brought them and kept them together in one FOR GEEEVWOOD. 71 religious household, prompt the wish that they might lie down together, whenever the summons should come, that comes to all? How else, in- deed, in strict truth, could they ever be gath- ered to their fathers ? Notwithstanding all this, only a few of the invited congregations assented to the proposal in their corporate capacities. And, in the ca