M STER NEGATIVE NO. 92-81114 MICROFILMED 1993 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/NEW YORK as part of the "Foundations of Western Civilization Preservation Project" Funded by the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Library COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United States - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrigHtecj material Under certa' conditions specified in the law, libraries and photocopy or other reproduction is not to be "used for any purpose other than private study scholarship, or research" If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a use," that user may be liable for copyright infringement. This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, in its judgement, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of the copyright iaw AUTHOR: EUP'PIDES TITL A_^ EUR PIDES' ALCESTIS PLACE: LONDON DA TE : 1894 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT Master Negative # DIDLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET Original Material as Pilmed - Existing Bibliographic Record Restrictions on Use: f.88EK" IE941 nw i wi i I ~ ' f ' T -^nn w^ i iiii nfi i ' -§ ■ i> ■ i f m* ' II I i m . i L- 88EK ! IE94 f X -^---^ Alcestis. 1894. Euripides. ^*'\. Euripides* Alcestis; ed. by Mortimer Larason Earle j I ... London, New York, Macmillan and co., 1902-. 1894 . xlvi. 202 p. 17"-. (Half-title: Classical series) Title also in Greek. Anotlior copy. r I. Earle, Mortimer Lamson, 1864-1905, cd. Title from Leland Stan- ' . ford Jr. Univ A 10-1283 Printed by L. C. / TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA FILM SIZE:^5^ii.___ IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA DATE FILMED:_^/^',' IB IIB REDUCTION RATIO: 9x INITIALS__Jit HLMEDBY: RESEAR(^H PUBLICATIONS. INC WOODDRIDGE. CT c Association for Information and image IManagement 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 Centimeter 1 2 3 mi iiiiiiiiMiiiiiiniiiiiiiii Inches 1 n lilllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I I r II I I I 2 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 mm IIIIIIIIMIIIIIII 1.0 I.I 1.25 II I I I ITT lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ta 2.8 1^ 3.2 16.3 g K ^ u tUilU. 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6 llllllllllllllll I I T T MPNUFRCTURED TO fillM STflNDfiRDS BY nPPLIED IMRGE, INC. l^ t ■■*■, -^'1 LIBRARY \ |);i: / Claastral Merita i \ } KTPiniAOT AAKH2TI2 \ * / i ETPiniAOT AAKHCTIC EUEIPIDES' ALCESTIS ?i EDITED BY MORTIMKl;? ^TAMsO^y EAELE DOCTOR IN PHILOSOPHY OF COLUMBIA ' COLLEGE lN8TRlXrrCB.^N Ga&£K A'^ PAKN/RQ C01,LE(Je. N^AT YORK • • .1 , 4 I d 3Lontron MACMILLAN AND CO. AND NEW YORK 1894 \ > 1^ I 'I? • • • • $ I i » t • T » • -re ; PREFACE In preparing this edition of the Alccstis I have sought to compass two ends : first, to present, as nearly as may be, tlie Poet's own words ; secondly, to explain tliose words with fulness and clearness.' In estaUishing the Text I have relied upon the great critical edition of Euripides by Kirchhoff and upon the special edition of the Alcestts by Prinz.' Nauck's valuable discussions and emenda- tions in his Euri2nd€isclie Sttidicn (frequently 5 cited in the Critical Notes) have also proved of the utmost service. The conjectures of other scholars on special passages have also (so far as H they are known to me) been carefully weighed ^^and accepted or rejected in the light of my best ^ .judgment. The Critical Notes contain such J... ' H (which I liave collated since the rreface was ivritten) ^contains nothing of value save the reading of v. 1037. 319599 J 3 :> n 1 VI EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS readings of MSS. as I luive aeemccl to l)e most valuable and instructive. To present an ex- haustive api>aratns critwus at second hand did not seem to fall within the scope of my work.^ In the Explanatory Notes I have aimed to exhibit all the Euripidean passages that appeared to throw light upon the Alccstis. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Aristophanes are also freely quoted and cited, as well as such other Greek authors within the range of my reading as furnished appropriate illustrations. The learned edition of Monk, as edited by Hermann with his own and Wiistemann's notes (Leipsic, 1824), has proved of great service in this regard, though I have depended for parallels pruaarily on my own :MS. notes. In the citation and quotation of the Tragedians ' I regret to observe that I have innocently attributed to myself Wakefield's emendation of 4XX«s in v. 333. In v. 59 Dindorf also has edited yvP<^iol (Poctt. Seen., ed. 5). It may be added here that I would accept x^o-^s '«''■" in "■ ^^ '^^^^^^^ ^l Dindorf; Kirchhoff is wrong, I think, in saying "inverterunt Byzantini-proi-ter accentum "). It would have been better, too, had I followed the majority of authorities in editing tLs t>: e^dyc in v. 1080. In v. 781 Skov' if^v would be an im- provement (cf. V. 787). In V. 1093 Trinz's aiSC uiv ahC (sug- gested in his doctor's dissertation, 1867, but not noticed m his edition) seems better than the traditional text (cf. rroail. 718). >, I PREFACE Vll the Teubner texts (Weil's Aeschylus, Mekler's Dindorfs Sophocles, Nauck's Euripides) are followed (except in certain minutiae of ortho- graphy), unless otherwise specified. In Aris- tophanes I have followed Meineke's text (Tauchnitz) ; in Thucydides, StaliFs (Tauchnitz). Keferences to other authors are based on the Teubner texts, unless otlierwise stated. In matters of spelling Meisterhans's Gram- rnatik dcr Attischen Inschriften (second edition) has been, of course, my chief authority. Un- fortunately, the inscriptions do not give us all the information we need. My indebtedness to dissertations, to articles in philological journals, and to works of reference, I have endeavoured to indicate as explicitly as possible. To the long line of editors of Euripides I can make, for the most part, but a general acknowledgment ; but wherever I have found myself quoting closely the words of another, I have aimed to state the fact. In matters of syntax I have frequently quoted the masterly articles of Professor Gildersleeve in the American Journal of Philology, Keferences are also given to the revised edition of Professor Goodwin's Moods and Tenses. f Vlll EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS T.) lliose thiit have in iiny way assisted mc in the making of this little book my heartiest Ihanks arc due. My former teachers, Vrofcssors Merriam and Perry of Columbia College, and my friend William 0. Wiley, Es(i., have given me most kindly advice and encouragement. My friend Professor Sidney U. Ashmore of Union College has read most of the book in MS. or in proof, and has given me the great benefit of his refined and scholarly taste and temperate judg- ment. Miss Caroline G. Brombacher, a student of Barnard College, has rendered invalual)le assistance in the correction of the proof-sheets, in the verifying of references, and in the pre- paration of the Greek index. Th.> Messrs. Clark's excellent Header has performed his task with his wonted fidelity and skill. MOKTIMEK LaMSON EaKLE. New York, Uth May 1894. I \ I It CONTENTS Lntkoduction x-xliv 1, Tkxt 1-61 Addknda to Ckitical Notes . 62 . Ckitical Appkndix 63-69 Explanatory Notes .... 71-186 Appendix: Of the Meti!Ks 187-190 TvnwY Ti\ NoTKS . . . . • 191-202 I INTRODUCTION I! The Alccstis, as we learn from a fragment of contemporary record, preserved tons Date ami general apparently by Aristotle and Aristo- Xy" "'''"' ^ phanes of Byzantium (see tlie Greek argument of the play with the notes thereon), was brought out in the spring of the year 438 B.C., when, according to the tradition, Euripides was in the forty-second year of his life, and the eighteenth of liis dramatic career. Thus, though, to the best of our knowledge, the earliest of his plays that has survived in substantial entirety, it is still a work of his mature genius — a fact to wliieh its contents bear ample testimony. From the source mentioned, we learn further that the Alcesiis was the fourth play of a tetralogy, the several dramas of which appear in this case, unlike m Xll EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS INTRODUCTION xiu Aeschylns' Oresten, to have constituted a formal rather than an organic unity. Now the fourth play of a tetralo-y was customarily a satyr-play, a survival of the old crude-form of the tragedy. Such a drama, of which a single complete example is preserved to ns in Euripides' Ci,doj,. forms the chief literary link in the cham ot evohition between the early songs of the vintage- festival and the tragedy and comedy of the Athenians. But we have only to read the Cyclops and the Akesiis side by side to mark the aulf that separates them. The humorous scene of the servant and Heracles no more makes the Alcestis a tragi-comedy than the speeches of the auard in the Antigone and the reminiscences ot Orestes's nurse in the Clwephoroe would lead us to class the plays in which they stand as other than tragic. The ray of light that shines througl , the otherwise generally sombre texture of the Alcestis is the promise of Apollo at the close of his altercation with Thanatos— the assurance that aU things will work together for good. Tt seems just to regard this play as an attempt on Euripides' part to open a new channel for the drama. The force thus exerted by him was felt iu the later development of the Greek comedy m ; the period succeeding the Peloponnesian War— the New Comedy (particularly the plays of Menander), to which, througli the Romans, we owe so mucli. [For a lucid discussion of tlie various phases of the controversy about the dramatic classification of the Alceshss^e Gustav Bissinger, Ueher die Dichtungsgattung u dm Grundgedankm der Alcestis des Euripides, Erlancen xr w^ i"'- ^^'"'^"^ '•^•"^^^^ ^re also to be fotnd in M. W. Humphreys' article " Tlie Fourth Play of the letralogy m the American Journ. of Philology, vol i pp. 187-196 Of less value are the following two disser- tations : L. Wilkeu, ])e Alceslide Euripidea, Berlin, 1868 • Julius Ritter, De Euripidh Alcestide, Jena, 1875] II The classification of the Alcestis is after all of ^ less importance for the study of the piay than scholars have been wont characters. to think. In the employment of this forerunner of the comedy of later Greece and Eome as a medium for the presentation and discussion of ■ those ethical prqblems that to us are rather ' associated with t,Ve modern ^iovi^j;Euripides was far in advance of liis day and generation ; there- fore we may almost look upon the Alcestis as a modern work. Indeed, if we majce allowance XIV EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS INTRODUCTION XV for a certain primitiveness in the domestic relations, we are as well able to deal directly with the men and women that " our Enripides the human " has here set before us, as if they were the creations of one of our contemporaries. Let us then proceed to an examination of the leadmg personages of our drama, first passing in brief review the story as Euripides tells it. The righteous and god-fearing prince Admetus is reigning peaceably in Pherae over a broad area of Thessalian country, rich in flocks and herds. His parents are still alive at an advanced age ; but the old king Pheres has some time since handed over the active duties of the throne to his son. Admetus has lived in wedlock some years with Alcestis, daughter of prince Pehas of lolcus and sister to Acastus the reignmg sovereign of that place. Their union has been blessed" with two children, a son and a daughter. The court of Admetus at Pherae is maintained with the joyous simplicity and open hospitality of the heroic age in Greece. Now Apollo's son Asclepius was a famous physician that even raised the dead to life. For this cause Zeus slew him with a thunderbolt. In his anger Apollo sought a radical revenge by c destroying Zeus's armourers, the Cyclopes. As a penalty for this murder Apollo was banished from the skies by his father, and compelled to serve awhile under a mortal master. Coming, tlierefore, to Thessaly he abode witli Admetus Z keeper of the flocks and lierds, blessing the righteous prince with protection and increase. Now Admetus, like so many a favourite of the gods, was destined to an early grave. But Apollo inveigled the Fates into a solemn promise that they would avert the impending doom from Admetus, could he provide himself a willing substitute. So Admetus put the question to aU liis friends and relations, who with one accord refused to meet death in his stead— save only his young wife Alcestis; she took the burden uuflinclungly upon herself. It is the morning of the fatal day. Apollo, iiis term of service ended, issues forth from the' friendly palace, bidding it farewell and fleeing the contaminating presence of a corpse. The entrance of Death, tlie sullen emissary of Hades, makes him pause. He seeks to persuade the monster to suffer Alcestis to live out the natural term of her ow in righteous wrath foretells, as he leaves the scene, the pain tliat Death shall suffer, reft of his prey by Eury- stheus's mighty servant, who shall thus reward the hospitality of Admetus. Death, all unshaken in his purpose, enters in at the door of the palace, his sword ready to cut from Alcestis's liead the lock that shall be the token of her consecration to the infernal powers. A company of citizens — the Chorus — now , appears before the palace, well aware tliat this is the day of Alcestis's doom, but as yet uncertain whether the end be already come. No human supplications can longer avail; only the hero- physician Asclepius could l)ring back the dead to life, and he has already paid the penalty of his temerity. To the embassy of condolence enters one of Alcestis's handmaids, who descril)es in most affecting tenns her mistress's farewell to the beloved home. She further announces that Alcestis is about to come forth to look her last upon the warm precincts of the cheerful day ; then retires within to inform her master of the presence of his sympathising subjects. The / I interval that elapses before the 'appearance of Alcestis is filled with the prayers and expressions of sympathy of the Chorus. Alcestis supported in Admetus's arms bids farewell to tlie upper world and to the distant liome of her childliood at lolcus. The visions of the underworld rise before her; she hears Charon call her and feels Death's grasp. Then she delivers her dying charge to Admetus, earnestly beseeching him to consult for the welfare of her children and praying him not to afflict them with a stepmother. Admetus seeks to comfort her, and promises that he will remain true to her memory. Alcestis commits the children to him, bids them and him a last farewell, and dies. The little boy Eumelus utters a plaintive lament :>ver his dead mother. The sympathising subjects )5eek to comfort Admetus, who proclaims a solemn public mourning, and sorrowfully retires with the ead princess and the children. The Cliorus prays for the repose of Alcestis's oul, predicts her future fame throughout the Jreek world, and desires for itself experience f such wifely unselfishness. At this juncture Heracles approaches the palace on his way to hrace, whence he must bring back for Eurystheus XVlll EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS INTRODUCTION XIX the man-eating horses of Dioniede. During the dialogue between Heracles and the leader of the Chorus, Admetus conies forth again with sliorn head and clothed in mourning-robes. In response to Heracles' friendly inquiries, the prince gives him to understand that Alcestis is not yet dead, but that he is about to conduct the funeral of a ward of his that has just died in the palace. Heracles, as obtuse as he is whole-liearted, and unaware that this is the ''appointed day'' for Alcestis, accepts his friend's explanation, but proposes, in view of the approaching funeral, to seek entertainment elsewhere. This Admetus will not listen to, but amazes his subjects by hurrying the reluctant, yet hungry and thirsty, Heracles into a guest-chamber. This conduct^ he proudly justifies to the astonished Chorus, who as soon as he has retired, celebrate their nobl prince and the divine blessings of his righteous reim, affirming at the close of their song their confidence that all will yet be well with him. Admetus now reappears at the head of the funeral -procession. He is bidding the Choru pay the linal tribute to the dead, when he i^' interrupted by the entrance of the old kin-, accompanied by servants laden witli funeral gift for Alcestis. Pheres's would-be sympathy is coldly and contemptuously met by his son, who bitterly reproaches his parents with their lack of devotion to him. He renounces all filial ties, and formally transfers his obligations as son to the devoted woman he is about to bury. Pheres replies with equal bitterness and more than equal justice. The leader of the Chorus fails to pacify the angry princes, who, after exchanging a series of brief and cutting sentences, part with a closing taunt from the old man and a renewal of the repudiation of filial ties on the part of Admetus. The latter then proceeds on his way to the grave, accompanied by the Chorus. During the preceding scene Heracles has been enjoying the pleasures of the table, much to the dissatisfaction of his attendant. The latter now leaves the guest- hall to complain of the .incivility of the stranger, whose mere presence [has sufficed to prevent the slave from paying the last honours to his beloved mistress. Heracles I follows him up to give him a half-sober lesson in the philosophy of cheerfulness ; but his advice to lay aside sadness and indulge in the transitory ] Measures of life has little relish for the servant, [who declares that he has no spirit for mirth. XX EURll^lDES' ALCESTIS The resullmg dispute reveals to the astomshea and sobered Heracles the true state of affairs. Touched by the unswerving adherence of Admetus to his courtly principles even in the face of such a bereavement, Heracles at once announces his resolution to do battle with Death and restore Alcestis to her husband, as a worthy return tor j the latter s hospitality, as well as an atonement for his own unwittin^^ intrusion. . The funeral-procession now returns witli thel sorrowing Admetus, whom grief cuts to the quiclj as he realises his utter loneliness. He confessed to the Chorus, in answer to their vain attempts at consolation, his full sense of his unhappy state. His conscience smites him, and he feels that his fathers reproaches upon his cowardly selfishness will find an echo in the mouths ot enemies. Life is no longer of value to one plun-ed in such infamy and misfortune. The Chorus sings of the power of necessity and predicts heroic honours for Alcestis, unti/ Heracles again appears upon the scene. He lead^^ with him a veiled woman, whom he claims to^ have received as a prize at some local games.. His request that Admetus keep her for himt a-ainst his return from Thrace meets with a hosf INTRODUCTION XXI of objections. The woman, says Admetus, is young and apparently beautiful. Either she must be exposed to the wantonness of men- servants, or, if taken more closely under the masters protection, cause scandal. Then, too, she looks like Alcestis. Admetus cannot bear to see her about him. The leader of the Chorus urges him to accept a providential gift. Heracles wishes it might be in his power to bring back Alcestis from the grave — a sentiment to which Admetus makes a courteous but melancholy reply. In the succeeding dialogue Admetus will accept of no consolation. He is bound to remain true to his wife's memory — much to the surprise of Heracles. lUit at last, for fear of exciting Heracles* displeasure, Admetus does consent to receive the veiled woman into the palace ; and, since Heracles will not entrust her to servants, the prince himself, with averted face, gives her his hand. At this juncture Heracles draws aside the veil and bids Admetus see whether the stranger be really like his wife or no. Admetus is lost in astonishment and cannot at first believe his eyes, but is at length convinced by Heracles. The latter then hastens away to Thrace with the fervent blessings of Admetus, who at once pro- EURll'IDliS' ALCESTIS .n„ ,.s„lu„« ai.l»te ..veals to U,e — ■' „„., sol^red Hmcle, the tmo ""'«;'* ^^ TouAed by the m«wervi„,. -""-"-'"f^^^f ^^^ to lus courtly l,riuc,l.te even ... tl.c tee o s, . „eroa,e.ne..t, Heracles at o..oe -""""-^ ' resol,.tio„ to do Wttle w.tl, Death a.,d . ton, Alcestis to her h,.sha,.d, as a »„rthy .*., the lattcr's hosptality, as well as an atouc.ct for his ow., .mwittins iotrus.0,,. , , The luucral-proeessiou ..ow rct„r.,s w.th thel , sorrowi,,^. Admetus, who,,, srief c.ts to the q...clj , r ;; ..ea°Uses his ..tter lo.eli„ess. He c^n^fesse^. to the Chor,.s, 1.. answer to the.r va at..,^. at consolation, Ins lull sense oi state His conscience smites hnn, and he feds t !t his father's reproaches upon his co.-arelly -n fi 1 n„ pcho in the mouths ot selfishness ^vlll find an echo in Tiff, is no longer of value to one enemies. Lite is no o i.lun-ed in such infamy and misfortune, piun^tu necessity The Chorus sings of the power oi ^ „„d predicts heroic ^'^'^^^^^l^'^^ S: Heracles again appears ..pou the scene. „ith him a veiled vvo.nan, .vho.n Le a." jo „„e ..ceived ,v= a prise at so.ne "»' S"»«; His request that Adn.etus keep her or h.in a^inst his return fro.n Thrace ...eets w.th a host INTRODUCTION XXI of objections. The woman, says Admetus, is young and apparently beautiful. Eitlier she must be exposed to the wantonness of men- servants, or. if taken more closely under the masters protection, cause scandal. Tlien too she looks like Alcestis. Admetus cannot' bear' to see her about him. The leader of the Chorus , urges Inm to accept a providential gift. Heracles wishes It might be in his power to bring back Alcestis from the grave-a sentiment to which Admetus makes a courteous but melancholy '•eplj. In the succeeding dialogue Admetus will accept of no consolation. He is bound to remain true to lus wife's memory-much to the surprise of Heracles. But at last, for fear of exciting Heracles displeasure, Admetus does consent to receive tlie veiled woman into the palace ; and since Heracles will not entrust her to servants' I'o pnnce hin.self, with averted face, gives her' I'^s liand. At this juncture Heracles draws aside the ved and bids Admetus see whether the stranger be really like his wife or no. Admetus IS lost m astonishment and cannot at first believe Jiis eyes, but is at length convinced by Heracles, ihe latter then hastens away to Thrace with the fervent blessings of Admetus, who at once pro- XXll EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS / claims a public thanksgiving tlirougliout his domains. roLovh' uTre/Si] roSe irpdyfia. In the four leading characters of this drama — Alcestis, Admetus, Pheres, and Heracles — we have distinctly Euripidean figures. In them- selves these personages are just such as each one of us could find among the people he has known, a thoroughly devoted wife and mother, a selfishly affectionate husband, a hale old man fondly attached to his remnant of life, and a hearty devil-may-care sort of fellow, whose more selfish traits proceed from a superabundance of animal spirits, not from cold and politic calcula- tion. Admetus, under other circumstances, might have met his early death becomingly : it is the fatal gift of the god that brings out his faults in full noonday light. Imagine, Euripides seems to say to us, a prince whose righteousness has won him not only peace and prosperity from his divine guest, but also the averting of a premature death— provided that he find a willing substi- tute. Imagine such a man, with all a Greek's delight in youthful strength and abhorrence of crabbed age, putting the question of substitution to superannuated parents, wlio had thus far shown all a Greek parent's ambition for a proper ,1 INTKODUCTION xxiii niauiteuance of the fanuly.-in.agine him puttin. tins question only to meet witli rebuff, while his young and happy wife, without a moment's liesitation, takes his place and awaits with unswerving fortitude the day of doom. Admetus has not the strength to resist tlie temptation : his love IS as fully the extreme type of man's love as that of Alcestis is the extreme type of woman's. She yields so unfalteringly that he does not realise tlie loftiness of her spirit or the ' ^^Jectness of his. All his pride, his feeling of pnncely dignity, his sense of importance, as a nian,— all these feelings unconsciously appeal to his artificial standard of virtue, while, in reality they are leading him to an act of the utmost baseness. He puts aside his doom, lets his devoted wife die, reproaches his parents for their pusillanimity, and solaces himself by maintaining his character as princely host in the presence of an act of self-sacrifice that fairly robs his own proud hospitality of all its merit But Admetus is not bad at heart ; his is a char- acter capable of redemption. He is unworthy of his wife, as he himself feels when all is over and he returns to his deserted home. But the very pride that blinded him to his sin has made him i\ XXIV EURIPIDES' AI.CESTIS INTRODUCTION steadfast in what lie conceived to be his duty ; and his hospitality to Heracles saves him from utter ruin. He is as strong in his constancy to his wife's memory as he was weak in yielding her to death in his stead ; and we feel that to the new Admetus, with eyes fully open to his sin and folly, the restoration of Alcestis comes not indeed as a reward of fortitude or heroism, but as a concession from a higher })Ower to human weakness in a man whose punishment had been already as bitter as his fault had been great. Thus it is that Euripides depicts the interplay of motives purely human, whether noble or base, in the artificial atmosphere pro- duced by a miraculous gift that man is unable wisely to use — the power to sway destiny. As an Euripidean parallel, we think of the use that Theseus (in the Hiirpolytus) makes of the power granted him by Posidon ; and we see that the poet would teach us the oft-repeated truth, that the book of fate is wisely sealed to mortal eyes. As to the details of the conduct of Pheres and Heracles, it seems needless to add much to the remarks on the several scenes and speeches (see the Commentary). Heracles' character has been ] vindicated, as Euripides would have had it, by XXV V Hc.rn.a.,n and Browning. As he stands revealed to tlie eyes of a candid reader of this play the son of Alcniona is one of the most successful of the master's creations. He is a type of tlie I'-gher animal nature, not over-fine, but, on the other hand, without a grain of meanness or pettiness in his composition,_one from whom the dross of earth must be purged by fire, but yet one in whom the purging will leave the pure gold of a constant and straightforward spirit ever toiling upward along the rough and thorny road. -^ rure wilely and motherly devotion ; hearty, ileshly manliness joined with a simple fidelity to a plain duty : such are the strongest types of 'nan and woman that Euripides has given us Iroud, self-important, youthful manhood, nursed "' luxury and spoiled by prosperity; old a-^e never weary of life, though its keener pleasures be fled, and unwilling to bate one jot of its nghts: in the presence of this other equally true, though less noble, humanity, we forbear to criticise ; for, to adapt the words of Anaxagoras bcimus nos genitos esse mortales. [Ii. ad.lition to the wcrk.s cited under I. commre G Hermann, D^sscrtatio de Eurl^Mis Alcesiid: ^Z^A t < XXVI EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS Hermann's edition of ISIonk's Alcestis, Leipsic, 1824); R. Browning, Balaustions Adventure (a most successful poet's rendering of a poet : the interspersed comments on the characters are of great value).] Ill lu point of subject the Alccstis is characteristic of that portion of Euripides' dramatic The orif^inality ^ of the Aicestis. ^ctivity which antedates the Pelopon- nesian War (455-431 B.C., Feliades to Medea). During that time, as shown by Wihamowitz- Moellendorff (Analeda Uuripidea, p. 176 sq.), the poet ' sought to win the favour of his audience by the use of novel subjects ' (ad id incubuisse [Euripidem] ut novis et inauditis fabulis Athenienses delectaret, oj). ciL p. 177). It is noteworthy, too, that the Feliades, the Aicestis, and tlie Medea, all have to do with Thessalian myths, and that the leading characters in all three plays are in some way connected with the royal family of lolcus. In the Peliades the story of Pelias's daughters (briefly touched upon in Med, 9 sq. and 504 sq,) was told at lar<^e; and Aicestis is one of the daughters of Pelias, though she is not thought of in the play that bears her name as connected with the grue- some doings of the Peliades, INTRODUCTION xxvu f / For the plot of the Medea Euripides was indebted, as we learn from the statement in the first viroOeai^ to that play and from a comparison of existing fragments, to a tragedy by one Neopliron : therefore the question not unnaturally arises whether our poet was similarly indebted to some earlier or contemporary dramatist for the outline of the Aicestis, Though we cannot answer this question positively either way, there are certain considerations that incline one to claim originality for Euripides. First, the novelty (to the best of our knowledge) of the use of such a drama as the Aicestis in place of a satyr-play ; secondly, the freshness and vigour of the treatment of the subject by Euripides; thirdly, the fact that in the Aicestis at least two characters that, whether on the stage or in popular song and story, held a low and contemptible position are raised to varying degrees of dignity, namely, Heracles and Admetus. The maintenance of a noble, albeit brutally noble, type of the former is characteristic of Euripides, as we learn from the Hercules Fure^is; and an endeavour to improve the status of the latter might well emanate from the same spirit. The popular character of Admetus among the Athenians appears to have XXVlll EURIPIDES* ALCESTIS INTRODUCTION been that of the typical coward, as we may gather from the opening of a familiar table-song (aKoXiov) : 'A8p;Toi' koyov, w crat^e, ^laOiov toxs ayaOov^ <\>lX€i, T<2v actAwv' S' aTTCXois yvoiS oTt 8€iA(ov oAtyv X^P^^- (See schol. on Aristoph. Vesi-). 1231 Dind., Athenaeus, 15, G95 C.) Here then we seem to detect something of that sophistic tendency, characteristic of the time and of our poet, to support the weaker side, so far as possible. Tliat in so doing Euripides has set before us a very human, even if, in many ways, a weakly human, figure, I am disposed to regard as no mean achievement. lY A word may be said in passing about the Chronological chrouological positiou of the Alcestis '^ufAnt^fJ!"' in relation to two well-known plays of Sophocles, the Ajax and the Antigone. These are certainly the oldest extant plays of their author; but their exact dates are matter of conjecture. Let us see whether a study of the Alcestis will give us any light on the subject. There are certain passages in the Alcestis XXIX 1 i ) that are so similar to certain others in tlie two plays of Sophocles just mentioned, that we seem bound to infer either imitation of Sophocles by Euripides, or the reverse. (For parallels with the Aja.,: see notes on vv. 19 145 295-8, 529, 920 sq., 950; for parallels with the' Antigone, notes on vv. 202 sq., 298, 38.3, 898 sq.) If we can determine the question of priority for either or both of the Sophoclean plays with reference to the Alcestu, we shall obviously have established at least a tcrmimis ante or 2}ost quem for their dating.-. In the case of the Antigone this seems to me possible. In my notes on the vTTo^ecrt? of the Alcestis I have endeavoured to show that the words rh Spa^ i^oiTJdr, If refer to the year of the poet's dramatic career in which tiie Alcestis appeared. In the Aristophanic vTroBea-ii to the Antigone we read similarly MXeKTat he to Spafia tovto X^ (32). Now Sophocles, according to the Parian Chrmiicle, first appeared as dramatist in 01. 77, 4 (4C8 B.C.): accordingly, if the statement just quoted refers to the year of his dramatic career, we obtain as the date of the Antigoiu 437 B.C., the year following the appearance of the Alc^tis. The well-known imitative faculty of Sophocles (displayed, as t XXX EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS INTKODUCTION XXXI regards Euripides, most prominently in Trachiniae and rhilodetes) M*^ led me, without reference to the calculation based on the statements of Aristo- phanes of Byzantium, to suspect that the Antigone was later— and but little later— than the Alcestis. Whether the computation made above be adequate to confirm that suspicion, and sufficient, in conjunction with the verbal parallels, to establish the precise date of the Antigone, must be left to the judgment of others. As to the Ajax the verbal parallels with the Alcestis are very obvious, while the antique cast of the drama places it nearly on a footing with the Antigone, — indeed, it seems probable that the Ajax should be regarded as the earlier of the two • Sophoclean plays. (Cf. Jebb's Introduction to the Ajax.) In that case the imitation would be on the part of Euripides. To this view I cannot but incline, though unfortunately the data are inadequate to a more definite settlement of the question. [In ri'<;ar(l to the imitations of Sophocles in Euripides' earlier plays see F. Sdiroeder, Ve iteratis apud trayi^og ^ Graecos (Strasburg, 1882), p. 121. As a fmtlier parallel lietween the Ajax and the Alcestis the death-scines enacted before the eyes of the audience should be noted. Debates about buriiil-rites are connnon to Ajax and Avtujme.] V Strenuous efforts are now making iu certain j quarters to force the revolutionary .su.«e.«etu..g opinion that in the old Attic theatre an elevated stage was not habitually employed by the actors but tliat both actors and chorus performed their respective parts on the common level of the orchestra before a 7rpoVr/mr ^Uloloc,^scU II oclun- scl^ifi, 21st January 1893): "AVhenever among the Greeks a singer, a cithern-player, or ai orator, comes before an audience, he mounts a ..««(' footing; 'platform'), in order the bettei^t be seen and understood." Now it needs but. .lance at the speeches, the rolling pr^c.c,, of the V INTRODUCTION xxxiii Attic drama, Irom the Suppliants of Aeschylus to the Bacchantes and Aulid Iphirjenia of Euripides, to appreciate how essentially oratorical the actor's part was. It needs merely a moment's recollec- tion of the fact that the whole history of the developed Attic drama coincides with the period of the great Attic democracy, from the fall of the Pisi.stratidean rvpawk to the fall of Athens at the close of the Peloponnesian War, to appreciate the democratic cliaracter of the drama and to see how natural it is that we should find mirrored in it all tlie strongest influences of the times— the whole Attic spirit. TIius the growth and spread of the Athenian empire, and the consequent widening of geographical knowledge among the Attic Greeks, find a reflection in the geographical digressions of Aeschylus' SiqypHants and Fro- mcthem Vinctvs, just as truly as the Persian invasion has its dramatic counterpart in the tragedy of the Persians, and as the transmarine losses of the Athenian arms in 460-459 B.C. find their reflex in the Arjaviemmn. (On the Ayamemnon see A. C. Merriam, " Telegraphing^ among the Ancients," Areh. Imt. of Amcric^, Cla^sual Papers, vol. iii. no. 1.) So then, if not in its origin, yet in its supreme development. I. XXX IV EURiriDES' ALCESTIS INTRODUCTIOX XXXV. the actor's part goes hand in hand with the .rowth and development of Attic oratory under the Clisthenean democracy. Thus we may say that the stage represents Athenian oratory,— nay even that the Aeschylean stage would be but' the ^.>o of the orators in holiday guise at the festival of Dionysus. It was, then, no un- natural thing that the assemblies of the Tnyx should be transferred for the most part to the theatre of Dionysus. But where and what ^^^s the Pnyx ? what aid docs it afford in the dis- cussion of our scenic problem ? "The assemblies," says Pollux (vm. \-il), " were formerly held in the Pnyx. The^ Pnyx was a place near the Acropolis {irph, ry XKpo- ^6\ec, perhaps an error for -rrpo, T

ce\. Now this scene in the A li is iierftotly iiiuOligible (together with the luferencc t« iho ^pat ^avXot) if we s,!])]kx50 the f.-w^? to be represented, as Pollu-x says tJ. « owning upon the stage. Of , Hin^t;, the'(lo.»i>i i^uveen the com are supfMwd to ho within the palace. A fnrtlier support of this view is the subsc- •qnont ;uance of the servant and Heracles, wlw may well enough be shown at the side-door of separate guests' apartments in the wing, as we should s;iy. of the p • . This is motive.! by cKVK\v,^ may have been used, thou<^h it is not necessary here.) While, as has been^aid, such an appearance would be natura , or at least tolerable, just outside the guest- chamber, it would be intolerable were we to assume that the servant and guest had to pass through the length of the house. Indeed he most fatal objection to the whole theory of the use of but one door in this play is that Heracles was to be kept in ignorance of the real state of affairs and altogether apart from the mourning which was going on in the ma.u-i.alace over the corpse of Alcestis. In view of all this, T have no hesitation in savin" that the Alcestis, as written, could not have^een adequately represented without at least two doors in the back-scene-wheUier we call the latter a^vvv or irpoaic^mov. We tina the same state of affairs in the AMra when the nurse hurries the children 'into the house ia-rrevhere Oaacrov B^H-aro, et.o,, V. 100) on hearing the ovy of Medea from within. Surely INTRODUCTION xli they would not be told to run into the very arms of the person they are studiously to avoid but would rather be directed to separate rooms indicated sceuically by a side-door. Again a side -door representing the priestess's quarters seems to be required in the Taurw Iphigenia, as well as in the opening scene of Aeschylus' Emnmidcs. Of course, the use of the iripohoi in such cases is quite out of the question. [In ad.lition to Albert MuUer, Lehrhuch da- Griechischen BHhiunalterthnmer, Freiburg i. B., 1886 (K. F. Hermann's Lehrbuch der Gr. AntiquUaten, vol. iii. pt. 2), A E na^shm Attic mealre, O.xford, 1889, and the artick Tbeatergebiuide " in Bauraeister's Denkmaler, vol iii the reader should consult U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Die Buhne des Aeschylos" in Hermes, vol. xxi. 1886, and B Todt, Nochemnial die Biihne des Aeschylos " in Phtlologus, vol xlviii. 1889 (the latter of these two articles a most bnlhant refutation of the former) ; also Edward Capps, The Greek Stage according to the Extant Dramas" [LT^Tj/JI ^'""■^'''^ Philological Association, 1891) and John Pickard, "The Relative Po.«ition of Actors and^ Chorus m the Greek Theatre of the Fifth Century B.C. (Am Journ. of Philology, vol. xiv. nos. 1-3). The former of the two monographs last mentioned, both of which adopt the D,>rpfeldian theory, is especially rich in citations of the literature of the subjectf which is ilso MXTtiv^''''^''^''^"'' f !' S"PPl«'"™t, 1892, by Albert Miller, Die neueren Arbeiten auf dem Gebiete des Gr Buhnenwesens." For the results of the mcst recent excavations in Greek theatres see American JoumalZ Archaeology, vols. v. and vii. (also vol. viii. no. 3), and EURiriDES- ALCESTIS xlii Journal of Hellenic SUulie^, Supplementary Papers i 1890-01 (the Appendix A, "A Plea for V-tnuiu., pp. 92-96, is especially timely and valuable).] VI The great critical edition of Euripides by The Text. ^Adolf Kirchhoff (2 vols., Berlin, 1855) marks att era in the study of the text of ottr poet's extant dramas. Kirchhoff distinguished two classes of Euripidean MSS. : tlie one representing an ancient edition of nine plays (irecuhc, Orestes, PJwenissae, Medea, Hij^lytus, Alecstis, Andro- mache, Troades, [Bhesus]); the other, an edition of nineteen plays. To the MSS. of the former class, especially to Cvdi... Marcianus 471 (A), in the library of St. IVfark at Venice, and Codex Vaticanw^ 909 (B), in the library of the Vatican, both written in the twelfth century, Kirchhoff aave much greater weight than to those of the second class. The chief representatives of this are two : Code)- Laurentvnw^ (called by Kivcjihoff FJorenthius) 32, 2, and Codex Palatinus 287, the former preserved in the Laurentian Library at Florence, the latter in the library of the Vatican. According to Wilamowitz-Moellendorif {Analecta Evripidm, Berlin, 1875), these MSS. are both IXTRODUCTION ^,jjj directly derived from a lost MS., written not earlier titan the twelfth century. From this the Codex Laurentianns was copied early in the fourteentlt century, the Codex Palatinus towards the end of the same century (o^;. dL pp. 3-9) That Kirclihoff erred in assigning too great weiglit to tlie MSS. of the former class should be evident to any attentive and unbiassed reader of las apparatus critieus. Nauck in his Euripi- deisehc Studien (two parts, St. Petersburg, 1859 and 1862) lias occasion to notice the superiority of the readings of the Palatine and Laurentian Mbb., e.!j. at ii. p. 63 (on Ale. 482). Wilamowitz- Moellendorff {op. cit. p. 2, note 2) says : " In Alcestide et aliquotiens in Troadibus codicibus 10 [Palatine and Laurentian, Kirchhoff's BG] vere fidem a Kirchhoffio derogatam restituit Xauckius." Kudolf Prinz in the preface to his valuable critical edition of the Medea (Leipsic 1878) says (p. ix.) : "Pretium duarum classiuni non prorsus par est, cum numerus vitiorum et mterpolationum primae classis minor sit sed secunda classis non multo deterior ac nequaquam hercle contemnenda est." In endeavouring to establish, as far as lay in my power, the text of the present play, and to xliv EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS present an accouipanying selection of the more important and instructive variant readings of the MSS., r have used as a necessary basis the apparatus crUicm of Kirchhoff and, as a corrective and supplement thereto, that of Prinz in his critical edition of the Akestis (Leipsic, 1879 ; a valuable notice of this by N. Wecklein is to^be found in JSreue Jahrhilcher fur Philolorjic, 1879, pp. 657-661). In designating the MSS. in the Critical Notes I have followed the system adopted by the latter scholar. This is sufficiently ex- plained in the following table. B = Cod. Vaticanus 909 (B^ = the first hand; b = the second hand). S = the ascertainable reading of the lost arche- type of the following two MSS. : L = Cod. Laurentianus 32, 2 (L^ = first hand ; 1 = second and third hands). P = Cod. Palatinus 287 (P^ = first hand; p = a more recent hand). a = Cod. Parisinus 2713 a- = second hand ; hands). (a^ = first hand ; a^ = several later > INTRODUCTION [This is an elegantly wridcn vellum M.S. of the th.rteenth century. Kirchhoff (vol. i. pp v-vi) ranks it e^Z 'onheTT"ff • 1 °' ^ Byzanlil-eVairrt' eaition ot the text of lus first class.] C = Cod. Ilavniensis 417. cl-i"^* W,T""''T"\. ^^r^'^'"^ l^^''^^^ ^t "^ W« first class. A\.lamowitz.Moellendorfr (op. cit. p. 2, note 2) St" Se-f 1 ^: t'*"^ librun/illun. Lnl auctor^ c = Cod. Laurentiaii. 31, 10. d = Co(l Laurentiau. 31, 15. [These are classed by Kirchhoff (vol. i. pp vi -vii ) ZTvIl, iW>. 2713 (a), from which 'they diS but s ,g htly (see Prinz's preface to the AlcesHsl They are cited in my notes on v. 427.1 ^ H = Cocl. Harleianus 5743. vJt ^f" -^f V "' "'"^ ^'•'^'•^'' l^lusenm, classed by Kirchhoff with L and P Of fl>„ ai ,' .^ " y onlv V,. in>)o 4 .u , ^ Alcestis it contains oniy vv. 1029 to the end ('Spp Pt1o-.,'„ v ■ -j in. pref. p. xx.) This MS. is cited on v. 1037.] Tlie abbreviation roll. (I'rinz r.) = tlie other MSS. (with reference only to 1), S, and a). xlvi EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS The text of the AUrdis derived from tliese sources is a good text, as texts of the Greek dramatists uo, but often needs exteriuil aid. It is impossible consistently to follow any one of our Euripidean M^^ to the exclusion of the others, and we sometimes obtain the true reading from a quotation handed down in the writings of some other ancient author. It must be said, however, that the combined testimony of L and P is very valuable. Were it not for these two MSS. we should be left without any traditional authority for the true reading of a considerable number of passages in the Alcestis. Partisanship in the matter of MSS., such as that dis[)layed by the great Kirchhoff, cannot but be detrimental to a sound study of ancient texts. ( TA TOT APAMATO:^ nPOZ^fiHA / AII0AA12X GAXATO:!: . XOPO^ BEPAIIAIXA ^AAKH^Ti:!: AAMHTO:i" EYMHAO:i:. HPAKAH::: 0EPAII12XN But two actors (viroKpLrai) were required for this nlav flip pi^tagonist {.p.ray...ar^s) taking the Vrts of Ar oHo TlLtis Pheres and Heracles ; the deuteragonist {bevrepalo^Z'rtTth^^ of Death, Admetus, and tlie servants? In the 12^7^^^) the part of the silent Alcestis was taken by a supernumera T -Tn ie]"rse^^^^^^^ 394 5p) was a ^apaxop^^a, the boy who epiesented i^nmelihs not being reckoned among the actors proper (See Haigh's Attic Theatre, p. 212.) pi^per. IE B 1 1 t ,V3 t M 'AttoXXwi/ riTy]aaTo irapa ro)V Motpcov gmos o ' Khfi7]ro<; reXevrav fxeWoyv Trapday^ r] top virep eavrov ^ ,J^ movra reOvrj^oiMevov, 'Iva taov to5 Trporepcp yjpovov "^^ ^V<^rj, KOX Brj "A\K7]aTL^ l] r^Vvi] TOV 'AB/Ji'}]TOV €7re8(OK€v eavTrjVy ovSerepov tcop yopecov Oekrjaavro^ virep TOV TTacSo^ diroOavelv, fier ov ttoXv Se ravrr]'^ T17? (rvfi(f)opd^ y€vo/jL€V7j^ 'H/)a/cXf/9 Trapayevofievo^ Kai p.aOa)v irapd tlvo<^ Bepdirovro^; ra irepl Trjv "A\Ky(TTLP iiropevOt] eirl top Td(f)ov koX tov ^dvarov diroo-rrivaL 7roL7]aa<=; eaOrjTi KaXvirrei rrjv yvvatKa, TOV Be "'AhfirjTov r)^Lov Xa^ovTa avTrjv TrjpecV €L\T](l)€vaL yap avTtjv TrdXrj^; a0\ov eXeye, jiri ^ovXofievov he eKeivov eSec^ev rjv eirevOei. *'AXKr]aTL<; rj UeXtov OvydTrjp viroixeivdcfa'vTrep TOV Ihiov^ dvSpo^ reXevTrjaai, 'Hpa/cXeou? eirihr^fjurj- aavTo^ ev tj} SeTTaXla 8taaa>^eTai, jSiaaa^ievov tov<^ X0ov[ov<; Oeov^ fcal d(f)eXo/jL€vov Tr]v yvvalfca. Trap* ovBeTepcp KecTac rj fivdoiroua, TO Bpdfm eTTotrierj t^. eBcSd^ Oy eirl VXavKivov ^'^ dpxovTo<; oX. irpoyTO^ V^ 9 ^ - 1, So(f)OKXri<;, SevTepo^ Eup^TrtS?;? Kpijcraat^, "AXfc/jLecopo 4 VnOGESIS T«5 Bi^ H^w^lBo^, T7)Xefp, 'A\Ky',cTTtBi. 'la-cB< > exopyiyet. to Be Bpd/xa KM/xiKoyrepav e^ei Ttjv KaracrrpodiTJv. ^ T) a-KTjpi} Tov BpdfiaTOv VTTOKeiTai ev (bepal<; fj,ia TToXe, Tij, BerraXia?. 6 Be xopo, avveaTr,Kev^ Ttvwv -rrpea^vrwv ivro-jriwv, ot Kal -rrapayivovrai '^ c7',anBo, avfjL^opal,. npo- ' 'koyti^ei. Be W.ttoWwv. ^ TO Bk Bpdfui ian crarvpLKwrepov Sri ei? x'^P^'^ Ka, ijBovhv Karaarpe^^ec. -rrapk rot? rpayiKol, eKtiaKXerai o)? avoUeta tt)? rpayiK?^<; 7roiyjaew<: o re Opearrj^ ^al r, "AX^T^art?, «? eV av,xcf>opa^ /xev apxof^va, eh eiBao^ioviav Ka\ xapav XrjPavra. eari fiaXXov /ca)//,w8/a9 ix^fieva. The text of the virbdeais here given follows Dindorf and Scluvart/ HI their editions of the Euripidean Scholia. The first pa ra^^^^^^^^^^ IS ascribed in one iniDortant M^ (J \ f.. n- '^"'' '"^^ paragiapn uyzantmm (hbranan at Alexandria, third cent, b.c.) the first editor of the Greek tragedians. His notes on the datc^of the ,. lav ot the Drama ), which, m turn, was derived from the nsc rihe.l records of the dramatic contests at Athens. (See the f. aCe ts o KfiTair, iMveoiroaa. : 'the story is not found (iw subiect) in either (Aeschylus or Sophocles).' A reference to the workf of the o he . uy Anstomianes. The same note occurs n t'at {nroeeaei'! of fl,P Medea ani the Orexles, where Aristophanes' ..amrappears For no e'to "IxTT-r'' "' ' 'ft^ -e Aristophanes' 'in^roductor; made Leien h ' '^'?" '^^ '"r^'" '^= '*''« 'J^*""^ ^^'"^ luaue seventeenth, i.e., apparent y, th s d av l)elonw,l tn t),,. rEurMp,' fi »f Ei-p<«5ou gives 01. 81, 1 {4^5 u.c.) as the dat^ 01 tuupides first appearance : the Jlcesd, (see below) was brought i YnoeE2i2 5 out in 438 b.c. The difference between these dates is 17. The setting down of this instead of 18 is a mere carelessness, such a slip as might easily be made by a modern writer.— (5Xrepos • referring to tli^. decision of the judges in the dramatic contest* -~A\Kix€U3VL TU) 5ia ^u}(f>l5os: so called to distinguish it from another play of the same name, 'AXk^w^ 6 dta Kopivdov.— [ ^xom«: *Isid supplied the funds for the production of the plays.' The MSS. read elacd' exoprryol ana ei before eK^dWerat. At the end of the vwdd. he adds <7roX\A d^ Toiavra wapa rots TpayLKols>, Cf. the HbdeaLS of the Orestes and Hermann's preface to the Cyclops, p. x. If in writing the opening words of the second paragraph of this oo fr7 }"" 't''^^'''^ ^'^"^ "' "'"^^' ^s S6e°is not improbable, Ale. «i-«5 {tov i5lov di^dpbs = rrbaiu avrrjs), then "AXK^ans rj JleXlov f^vyarrjp supports the emendation dvydrTjp for 7ra?s in v 82 ETPiniAOT AAKH2TI2 e \- 5 10 ATI. ^n Sc^/jLar \S.8/jl/]T€l\ iv oh erXijv eyco dijaaav rpdirei^av alveaau deo^ irep coy ZeL/9 yap Karafcra^ rraiSa ray e/jLov curcos WaKXjjTTLoVy arepvoLaiv e/jL^aXcov (f)\oja' ov Srj '^o\o)0€lLXov' h ,)^,ipa 20 Oavetv 7reiTp(oTai >cal fi€Tacyr?jvai /3lov' eyw 8e, fiij ^laa/xd /x' iv 86fioi<; Kixjj, XeiTTw iieXddpayv ravBe 4>i\TdTrjv <7rlyr)p. ■IjBy Be rovBe (rhivaTov elaopSi Tre'Xo?, ■lepia ^9iv6vTwv, 09 viv elUeTo (^povp^p roB' Ti^ap c5 Oapelp air^jp ype'c^p. da- '^'^ ri avirphs^fieXdepm^ ; tl crh r^Be TroXeJ^ 'Poi^ ; dBiK€i.ou further Crit. Apldix ' '"''^" "'' "^ *^^" y'''^^^- »«« III An. ©A. An. HA. An. BA. An. HA. An. HA. An. HA. An. HA. An. HA. An. AAKHSTI3: 9 BtafooXyaaL, MoLpa<; SoXlm a(f)7]XavTL re')(yrj* vvv S' eTrl rrjS' av X^pa TO^rjpr] (ppovpel^ OTrXtVa?, 35 7) ToB' vireaTT] iroaiv eKXvaaa' girh '^rpgO^v^ Ylekioij irgi^ ; — . OdpaeC Sifcrjp tol kol \6yov<^ fceSvov^ eyo). TL Br/ra ro^cov epyov, el BUrjv e^^Lf; ; ^vv7]9€^ alel ravra ^aardi^etv ifioi. 40 Kal TolaBi 7* ocfcotf; ifcBLKO)<; irpoacsx^eXelv ; (fytXov yap dvBp6<; avfjb(^opaU ^apvpofiac. fcai poa(f)t€L<^ /JL€ TovBe Bevrepou veKpov ; /V^ ^^s^^^^ilo^j aXX ovB^ € Keivov irpo^ ^lav 7' dcpeiXofirjv, 7rw9 ovv virep yr]<; ecm kov fcdrco ^^ovo^ ; 45 BdfiapT d^eiy\ra<^, vy^SlLI^^yj^^^^^^'^^' KaTrd^ofiac ye veprepav viro ^^ova. Xa^iov 16 ' ov yap olB' qv el Treiaaini ae — KTeiveiv 7 ov ap ^PV / tovto yap rerayfjieda. ovKy dXXd ToU /xeXXovat Bdvarov ifi^aXelv, 50 e;3^a) Xoyov Bt] kol irpoOvfiiav aeOev, ear ovv oiroyf; "'AXfcrjcTTt^; 6t9 yrjpa^ /jloXol ; oifK earc nfiaU fcd/ie repireaOaL B6/cet, oh TOL irXeov y^ av rj fjiiav yfrv^^v Xd^ot^. 34. €pr]To^ ecac irpo<^ hofiov^ cipjjp, (;;, ' EvpvaOea)^; Tre/nylrapro^ iTTTreLov fxera . l^Xok ^ ox^;/^« H/377/C7;9 iic Toirop Bvaxei/Jiepcop, ^'^""^^^ '09 8r] ^epcodeh TolaB' tV 'ASfiifrov S0/X049 * /3/a yvvatfca rrjphe a' i^aiptjaerac* ' KovO"* 7) Trap' rj/jLcop aoi yeptjaerac ;\;^/p/9 70 ' Bpda€tes sunt, se senes mori," though Hermann (reading 777patot's) thought it rather " grandaevos niori, quos vivere cupiunt sive seinet ipsos, sive quos amant alios." See further Explan. Notes. 64 iraoa-nt MSS., Tretffet F. W. Schmidt, followed by Nauck ana Irinz. I have given KXavcrr], believing the MS. readin<' to have arisen from a combination of this word with a .doss wdam /I. I have followed Monk in writing 8* after dir€Y0Ti€L* . te/)09 yap ovTO^ tmp fcard x^opo ovSetSy ^'oari^ dy eLirot irojepop ^OLfJieprjp 80 >tT6 c7r6X(op aTari^erat dfi(f>l irvXa<;. 90 el yap fi€TaKVfiLQ<^ dra^;, 80-92 = 98-104. 79. was inserted by Monk: cf. Nauck, Eitr. Studd. ii. 50 sq. 81. xpn paortXeiav -rrcvGctv Nauck for paa. irepdelp XPV (Eur, Studd. ii. 50 sq.). 82. UeXiov -rraTs MSS., w. t68€ after aP€Lr}(;, "Ov rav (f>0i/bL€vr)<; 7' iaccoTrcoi/, • veKV^ TjBrj, 'OV St) (f)pOvS6(; 7' €^ OLKCOV. -nrodev ; ovk av-^o). rt ae dapavvei ; ' 7rco9 av eprjiJLov ww - s^w - Taxf)oi/ ^ AS/jLr]TOdLT(op irvXai^. 'Xaira r' ovtl^ eirl irpoOvpoi^ TO/jLolof;, a Srj vefcvcov TTevOet TTLTvec* ov veoXaca BovTrel )(elp yvvancoiv. Kac firjv rode Kvptov y]/jLap. Ti TOO avoa^ ; w '^pr) a(f>€ fjLoXeiv fcara yaia^. edcye^ yfrvxr}^, eOcye^ Bk (f>pi:POJi\ XPV Tw^ dyadcov StaKvaio^h^wv irevdelv oari^ Xp'n<^To<^ a7r' apxTj^ pevo/jLicrac, 93.97 = 105-111. (Tvar, '^^^ 95 avT. 100 aVTl(TV(TT, 105 no -A 92. /(^MSS., ^Matthiae. 93. ^SLtihas MSS., corr. Monk. Tlio Doriciaiu i« out of plaro here, cf. vv. 94-97 and 105-111. * \J1' ^ ^^V^}^?>}"^\^}^''''''^ "ior« probable after ^p^^^oy thnn before irws fwith Kirchhoff). 100. 0tTa)v S, (pdifxivuyv rell. 103. Hpe^ai^.—om MSS., oi thti Aldino cd, The error I conceive to be due to d drj vi- in tin; precndinL' v 107. XP^ P. f s . / / ^ AAKHITIS Ij 13 ^c> 120 ^ — r- . aX\ ouSe vavK\i]piav (tto. arelXaf; rj Avfciav €iT €9 €dpa^*^ 'C^>* / — p^ovo^ o av, €L (pO)^ TOO r]V • op^p^acnv BeSopKOif; ' <\>oi(3ov iral^, irpoXiTrowr^ • ^Xdev SBpa^ (TKOTiovi; 125 ;"AtSa re TruXac* ' op,au£VTa^ yap uvKm), s TTplv avTov eVXe AiofioXnv • irXrjKTpov TTvpos K^pav^iov. ' r'O/^ he fitov TiV rr' €\7riBa rrpwrhixi^^i ; 130 irdvTa yap i^h) + TtT. v, .irat ^ac'.? in v. Hi divid«» in favour cf the ]nas(\ form. 130. ri*'' /t£ piov n, riv' t>4 /^'ou a, rira fiim^ S. The text folIowH Ifartn 131. WfiO€Qix • •: ^lilMgnvc. (/ r ^ K \ 14 EYPiniAOY 135 140 115 ■ irdvTwv Se ^ewj/n-eVi /3(Ofiois~ • alfioppavToi Ovcriac TrXijpeK;, ■ovB' eo-Tt KUKwu aATos- ovBev. aW ijb oTTdScov CK Sofiwv rt? epyerai - haKpvppoQvaa- riva Tvxnv UKoiaoixai ; irevOelv fiiv, el rt, he iTw ToB' olBe BeaTTOTv;. -rrplv &v 7ra%. XO.,iX'jrh p^v oiKh' earl awl^eaOai ^iov ; ' BE. -rr€-rrpwp.ivri jap y)p.ipa ySmferat. XO. . oiK olv eV airfj 'Trpdacrerac rh -rrpSa^opa ; AO. . to-Tft) vvv evKXe7j o ^C\Jr'V^ AAKHSTi::: ^* 51A- 15 /cat ravra /Mev hrj iraa^ eiriararai iroXt^;' a ev Bo/jiOi^ e^paae Oavfidaj] kXvcov, eirel yap fjaOeO^ rj/xepav rrjv Kvplav yKovaav, vSaat Trora/JbLOt^ XevKov Xpoa eXovaar , €/c 8 eXovaa Kehpivwv Bo/jlcop 160 iadrjTa Koafiov r' evirpeiTO)'^ 7])jbOV<; ht Kar^ 'AS/xt^tou B6/jlov(; 170 irpoarjXOe Kd^eare-dre Kal Trpoarjv^aro, TTTopOcov dTToo-^L^ovaa pbvpaivrjf; (po/Brjv, cLKXavTO's darevcLKTO^, ovSe tovttlov \^ '^Tnoi^ KaKov fMeuLarr] '^pcoro^ evecdrj xpvcnv, Kairetra OdXa^iov eaneaovaa Kal Xe^09, 175 evravOa Brj eSdKpvae Kal Xeyet rdBe* CO XeKTpoVy evOa irapOevet' eXva' eyw, 111 1§1. For ei"^7rp€7ra;s Naber proposes {Mne^nos. [n.5.], 10, p. 7) (KTrpenws — perhaps rightly. 167. aTdWvraL S. 172. fXVpCTLvCjV S. 173. dKXavTos L, the other MSS. dKXavaros. I prefer, with Prinz, the former. See further Explan. Notes. 176. dcLKpvae MSS., 'SdKpvae Heath. I prefer here, as else- where, the full form. 178. The MSS. insert here Kopevfrnr' 4k tov8' dv8p6s, ov dtfrjaKio Wpt, a wretched verse which arose from an attempt to supply a substantive to irapdeveLa, The word KopevpLara is senseless here, and TT^pL is wrong for v-rrep. See further Nauck, Fur. Studd, ii. 53 5^. v^ 16 EYPinUOY n \ fiovrjv' irpohovvai ydp q^otcvovaaj^al ito^lv 180 6vr)7} fcdpptyfrev avTTjv avOc^ €9 kolttji; TrdXiv. TralBe^ he ireirXwv firjTpo^ i^'npTrjfievoc efcXatov'Tf he Xafi^dvova e? dyKdXa^; 190 rjairdl^eT dXKor aXkov, ax; Oavovfievi], nravre^ h eKXaiov olfcerat Kara areya^; heairoLvav OLKTLpovre^, r/ he he^idv Trpovreiv" efcdaray, kovtl^ rjv ovroy KaKo^ ov ov irpoaelire koL irpoaepprjOrj irdXiv. 195 TOLavT ev OLKOL<; earlv 'Ah/xjjrov KUKa^ KoX fcaT6avc!)p y av w\6t', €K(f>vyMv h' exec Toaovrov aXyo^, oviroO' ov XeXrjaeraL. XO. ?i irov a-revd^ec rocalh' "AS/xt/to? KafcoL<;, 60-^^9 yvvaiKcx; el arepTjeijpai ae xpr) ; 200 WE. KXaiet 7' aKomv ev x^polv (f>iXrjp exo)v, 184. 5€i;eroS. common!'''" ^^^^ ^^'' ''"'' ^' "^"^^ "^^^^^'^ ^^« corruption 187. e6.\afMov MSS., em. Naiick {Eur, Studd, ii. 55). 190. €v ayKdXaii S. 197. KarOauu^u r ' MSS. 7' scoms demanded by the sense Ifc was introduced m the second Hervagiar edition ^ "'' ^''"^^- ^^ 17 AAKHSTI2 fcal fi7i irpohovvuL Xiaaerac, Tu/jLTjxava ^VTMv' (peivec yap Kal fiapaiveraL voaw, y irapeifievT] he, x^^po^ dOXcov /3dpo^ ofMO)^ he, Kaiirep a^cKpov ifiTrveova' en, 205 /3Xeylrat irpo^ avyd<; ^ovXerat rd^ riXiov. 2O6 a\x eifiL Kau arjv ^776X0) irapovaiav' 209 oif ydp Tt irdvre^ ev (f>povovai Kocpdvot^, 210 o)(tt' ev KaKolaiv evfievel^ Trapeardvai, (TV h' el iraXaLo^ heairorai^ eaoi^ (btXoQ AU. i(0 /j€V, T19 aP 7rW9 TTOpo^ ITll CTTO, yevoLT rvxa^ a Trdpeartv rvpdvvot^ ; ^.-— • e^etai rt^ ; rj re/Mo rpixa, 215 fcai /MeXava aroXfiov ireirXtov 213-225 = 220-237. 204 sq. I follow Elmsley, Kirchhoff, and Prinz in indicating the 1o7 tn'-rr'^M?^''' "^tc"'' ^ ^'' '"^^^^^^ ^"^- Appendix! 20/ sq. llie MSS insert here u,s oiiiroT avOis, dXXd .L wauucra- ray I aKTi.a kukXou 6 v\iov TrpoaSr/^erai. Valckenaer first rejected these vv on tlie ground that they had been taken from Ilec 411 sq, (w. change of Trpocd^poj^ai to wpoaoi^erat). His verdict is justly accepted by the best critics. Hermann says: "Recte judicavH \a Iclcenarms. ^am praeter i^irum venustam pene eorundem verborum repetitionem, etiam ^po>''i "^^1 ^^""-^^ ^':"''T ^^^"'^- ^^^^^ ^^^"'-^ to have come from v. 221, where koku^u stands over irdpo, yhp, which is much like irdpo, 'jTcu m uncial letters. '^ 211 v^i^o^ro ^ai \6, Kul VVV XvTr]pio<; ifc Oavdrov yevov, *^ (f>oviop 8' aTTOTravcrov'^AiBav. irairal (f)€v, lo) Tral ^eprjro^^y <7ra7ra?>, oV eirpa^a^ Sd/jLapro^ arepydel^. ap d^ca Kal a(f)ayd€v (pev luj lib iraX S, Trairal a) rat Ba, corr. Xauck, who also inserted Trairal: in v. 227. 227. The MSS. insert o-^y, r^s cr^s, or eras after Safxapro^, 228. dp* is due to Hermann ; the MSS. give ai at or at at ai ai, variously accented. 230. The double a in ireXdaaai is due to Erfurdt. 232. €tv (for eV) W. Dindorf, mefri ymtia.—rujbt 7' 6\p€t. S (f read for TT). 233. I80V I80V om, S. U "A><^ rap dpiarav 235 yvvaiKa jxapaivoixevav vocno '^Qoviov Kara yd^ irap " AiBav, — ovTTOTe (f>7]aa) ya/jLOP €v(f)paLV€tp irXeop rj Xviretp, Tot<; re rrdpoiOep T€K/jLaLpo/ji€PO(; Kal rdaSe rv'^a^ 240 Xevaacop ySacrtXeo)?, oarc^ dpiarij^; airXaKwp aXo^ov rfjaS d^Loyrop TOP kireira '^popop /3L0T€va€c, A A. AXte Kai (f)ao<; dfjbepa^, arp, ovpdpiOi re Blpau pecpiXa^ Bpajxaiov, 245 A A. opa ae Kafie, Bvo KaKw TreTrpayora^y ovBep Oeoi)^ BpdaaPTa<=; dpO^ orov Oapfj, AA. yaui T€ Kal fieXdOpcop areyac dpr. pv/jL(})LBtoi re Kotrat Trarpiaf; ^IcoXkov, A A. eiraipe aavri]P, & rdXaipa, p.r] Trpo^w?* 250 Xiaaov Be rov^ Kparovpra^ otKrlpac 6eov<;, AA. opoii BiKcoTTOP opo) aKd(f)o<;y arp, 244-247 = 248-251 ; 252-258 = 259-205. 234. (Triva^ov Co pSaaov {^briaov V) aj S. 237. K-ard 7as (7dt') x^^^^ov MSS. I have transposed for greater harmony w. the strophe. 241. \€vpvac Kvavavye<^ /8XeVa)z/, Trrepayro^Wtha^;^ ri pe^et^ ; fiWe^, oXav 6Sop a Sec^ Xatorara irpo^aivw, oUrphv i\ocacv, i^ g^ ^^,, ^^^^^^^^^ , . Kat TTacaiv, oh hij ^ivdo, eV kolv.;, rohe fiedere fiedere fi rjSrj. 255 X v\ avT, 260 265 and omitting m' rfS^ before KaXe] Vy rSosim "^'''.xl"^ ^^^"^ changing ^^eiyov to ^ .Va'-ya,. I have so.Mff t^ ^^^^^' ' ^'''^ greater conformity between stronliP.n^l?. ^^ ^''''^ ^^^"^ «till tion of this entire passages iTortifni^"^ ^^^^' ^»^^^d^- 256. Td8€ roC u€ Ba rdV ^rn ^ u^^' ^"^^^^>^ uncertain. f-PXOM^.o.s for cii^cpx^^^^^^^ ,^^^"^-^^^ ^'<>»-ws the last, w. brok^i clause followed by th^ romman 0e(ov tX^9 yite TrpoBovvac, 275 />t?; 7rpo9 rraihwv ov^ opc^aviehy aXK ava roXfia* aov yap (pOcfievrj^; ovKer^ av ellyv €P (Tol S' eafiev Kal ^ijv Kal fir]* I [C(/M''^' (TTjv yap (f)LXiap aejSofieaOa, A A. ''Ahfirj6\ 6pa<; yap rdfia irpdyfiaO' ox? e^'^L, 280 Xe^ai 6eX(o aoi irpXv Oavelv a ^ovXofiat. eyco ae irpea^evovcra Kavrl T7]<^ efirj<^ 'y^v^fi^ /caraaTTjoraaa (j)(o<; t68^ elaopav OvrjaKCi), irapov fioL fir] Oavelv virep aedeVy aXX' dvhpa re a^^cv (deaaaXcop op r]6eXop 285 Kal Scofia paieip oXjBiop rvpappiSc, "}" ovfc r]6eXr]aa ^r]P diroaiTaaOelaa aov ^vv ira^LOiP 6pc})apocacP' ouS' ii^eLcrdfirjP , ^'^-A^Jtysj 267. KXivar^ /x ov S. 273. oLKovu) MSS. **Potiiis expectasses dKoveiv ve\ aKovaaL. Sed nolira vulgatum sine auctoritate sollicitare." (Monk.) 275. was inserted by Porson. 276. Om. S. 282 sq. Nauck (Eicr. Studd. ii. 58) would reject (as an inter- polation explanatory of Tpea^€{>ov(Ta) kolvtI — KaTaLTvaeiv reKva' Kayo) t' av e^cov Koi av top Xolttov y^povov, 295 KovK av fjLOvwOei^ arj<^ Sd/iapTO^; eareve^; Kol iralha^^ (!op(f)dv€V€r]aei<; av' rovaSe yap (f>iX€U ovy rjaaov rj iyco iralha^, eiirep ev (f>pov€t^' rovTOVf; dvdaxpv Seairora^ ae^(ov hofjbcov Ka\ fiT] €7nyr]/jL7j<; rolahe firfTpvidv t€kpol<;, 305 r/Tt9 KaKicov ov06im •^■069 (TolcTi fcd/iol<^ Tratal %etpa Trpoar^aXely/^ irj ^r/ra Spdarj^ ravrd y\ alrovfiai a^ iyco' e^Ppd yap i) iinovcra /xriTpvid reKvoL^ AAKH:STi:i: 23 ^ 289. hCopov L (on read for en). 294. <}>iT'u irarpL ; jxi] (TOL Tiv' alaxp^^ irpoa^aXovcTa /cXrjSova 315 ri^T]<; ev (Ufjufj aov6eiprj ydp.ov<;.^^ ov ydp ere fM^rrjp ovre vvficj^evaet irore ovT^ iy TOKOcai aolai 6aj>avvel, rUvoy, \s^)^^j XO. A A. irapov(T\ «/' ovhev fxriTpo^ evjievearepov hel yap 6avelv fie' Kal^ roh" ovjc k ayptov 320 [ovh' €9 rpiTTiv fiot fJLTjyo^ 'isX^'^^^ KaKOV,]"^^^ dXX' avTiK ey roU pa^iceT qvat Xe^ofictiTT^U yalpovre^ ev(f>paLV0La6e' t Kcu (fol fiev, Trocrt, yvvalK dplaT^v eari Kofiiraaai Xa^e^, vpTiv he, iraiSe ^^ firjrpo^; e KTre ^vKevai. lrtrVA^^25 'OdpcTet' irpo 'tovtov ydpXeyetv ovy a^ofiat' hpd(TeL Tdh\ eiirep fJLrj (f)pevo)V dfiaprdvec. earai rciK earac, firj rpearj^' eVel a iyo) Kal ^wo-aM elxov fcal 6avova ep^rj yvvrj pLOVT] fcelcK^crr], KOvrL<; dvrl (tov irore ^ w4V '330 v^ 311 313 Between these verses the MSS. insert bv kol npojelwe Kal 7rpo(Teppiiev ttclXlu, a verse obviously derived from 195, and long a^ he %6^pl reKTOvcov hefla^ to crov eiKaadev ev XeKTpotaiv eKTa6t']aeTac, ft) Trpoaireaovixai Kal irepLTTTvaaoyv x^P^^ ^^^ ovo/jba KaXcov aov ttjv cptXrjv ev dyKiiXat^ ho^o) yvvaiKa KacTrep ovk e-^oyv ex^tv, y^rv^pdv piev, olfiac, TepyjnVy dXX^ o/io)? fidpo<; '^f^?}9 dTravTXoLTjv av' ev S' oveipaai (f>OLTO)ad yLt' ev(j)paivolLXov^ 355 ■» 332 sq. These two verses are regarded as interpolated by Nauck (Eur. Studd, ii. 60). For defence of them see Explaii. Notes. 333. €Kirp€ir€r]hf ydp Oawoov Trore oroO %«pk €Lr]v T?79 /xoi^7;9 TrtaTTj^; epLO^^ XO. Kal pLTjv eydt) aoc irevdo^ 0)9 (/)tXo9 r) yap^elv dXXrjv rroTe yvvacK^ e(f)^ vp^tv p^rjh^ dTipbdaeuv e/xe, A A. Kal vvv ye <^r}pbi Kal TeXevTijao) Tahe. AA. eirl Tolahe iralha<; %66po9 ef e/xr}9 he^pv. A A. hexopxiiy i^lXov ye hcopov eK (f)lX7](; %epo9. A A. av vvv yevov Tolah^ dvT^ epbov p^V'^rjp TeKV0L<;, AA. ttoXXt] /Lt' dvdyKTj aov 7' d7reaTepr]p.evoo<;, AA. o) TeKv\ oTe ^rjv XP^KJ^^' direp^op^at KaTco, 356. xpovov MSS.; em. Prinz. 358. ws t7]p MSS., * dXup, 395 TrpoXtTTovaa 8' u/jloi^ /Slop o)p(f)dvLa€v rXd/jLcov. l'8e yap I'Se /3Xe(f)apov Kol TTapaTOvov^ ')(epa^. virdKovcrov uKovaoVy S) jidrepy avTid^fo 400 co /Sapeia ^vp.(j)opa Tre-rrXriyfMeda, 405 ET. v€0(; iycoy irdrep, XeLTro/naL (f>iXa<; ^ avr. fiopoaroXo^ re /juarpo^;' w ayerXia hrj iradcov eyco epya . . av re. (TvyKaai /jlol Kovpa, (TVPerXa'i' 410 415 420 402. KaXov^at 6 S ; the other MSS. insert a. The words vvi^ ye .... CO TTurep, dvopar' dpopar' €PVfji(f)€vaa^ ovBe y7]p(o<; €^a<; reXo^ avp raS'* €(f)0iTo yap irdpo^, olyofjLepa^ he aoVy /jbdrepy oXcoXep oIko^ XO. ''AS/jL7]Ty dpdyKT] rdaSe avjjbf^opd^^ <\>epeLP' ov ydp Ti 7rp(t)T0<; ovSe XoiaOto^ /BpoTMP yvpaiKo^ €adXr}<^ rj/jL7rXaK€^' ylypcoafce oe (t)9 irdatp rj/jLLP KarOapelp cx^eiXerai. A A. eTTiarafiaL ye kovk d(f>P(o Kaicop rode TrpoaeTTTar' elSw 8' avr ireipo/Mrjp iraXat, dXX' iK(f)opdp ydp rovSe 6r]aofiaL peKpoVy irdpeare Kal fxepopre^ dprrjxW^'^^ iraidpa rcS KdrcoOep daTropBo) 9e, irdaiP he QeaaaXoiatP S)P eyco fcparo) 425 are inserted (apparently victri gratia) before /caXoO/^at in the Aldine edition. They are not found in any MS. 406. Trdrep Xcitrojiat S, XetTro/xat irdrep rell. 407. T6 S ; omitted by the other MSS. 409 scj. The text is Hermann's ; the MSS. give av re fxot avyKaai Koupa, The lacunas were noted by Hermann. 413. dudvaTa duovara Ba, dvoinjT' dvovrjT S. 420. -yc S, re rell.. / 28 EYPiniAOY AAKH2TI2 29 A- TrevOov^ yvvacfco^ rrjoSe KOLvovaOac \eyco Kovpa ^vprjKei Kal fieXafxireirXo) aroXf)' TeOpiTTTrd 0' ot ^-evypvaOe /cal /jLovd/jiTrvKa^ TTcoXov^, aihrjpfp re fiver' av^evcdv (fyo^rjv, avXoiv he firj Kar aarv, firj \vpa^ ktvtto^ 430 earo) aeXr]va<; BcoSeK eKirXripovfjieva^* , ov yap TLV aXXov (^iXrepov ^^^i^Q^^T^Kgoi' Tovo ovd ajxetpop 669 efi a^ia be fioi TLpbaVy eirel rerXrjKev dvr efiov Oavelv. XO. 0) WeXiov dvyarepy arp. 135 ^aipovad /lloc elv 'AtSa Sofiotav TOP avaXiov oIkov OLKerevot^, ' laro) o' 'AtSa? o /leXay^alra^ 0e6^ ov r tVi KcoTra 440 ^ ^ TrrjSaXicp re yepcov / VeKpOTTO/bLTTO^ I'^ei, , TToXv or) TToXv St) yvvoLK dpiarav Xifxvav ^A'^epovriap iropevaa^ eXdra hLKOiirw, iroXXa ere fxovaoiroXoi dvr, 445 435-444 = 445-454. 426. wivBo^ S. 427. The text follows S. Be give ficXayxi/J-ois TreVXots (-ct>ots in R), a reading thought by Monk to be derived from the doubtful v. Phocn, 372. 428. Tedpnnra t€ S. 434. TLfirjs S.—T^du7]Kf.p MSS., and at the end of the v. ^oi'j] (L) or fi6v7jv (B) or XtW (a). It is evident that a word of two syllables was lost at the end of the v. The text gives Nauck's excellent emendation {Eur. Stndd. ii. (q^). 435. «l,/t6Lrell. 436. h S.— ai5. L, (S5a P, aUao rell., *At8a Lascaris.— 8ofioi(rtv 1, 56/xots L rell. 437. ofVf reiVts L, olKfxcvois Pa, Ik€T€uols B. 439. Kwira S, ^wttt? roll. , i 1^ fieXylr overt Kad^ eTrrdrovov r opeiav yeXvv ev r dXvpot^ fcXeovre^ v/jLvoi<;t ^irdpra kvkXo^; dvl/ca K^apvelov Treptviaaerai copa<; firjvo^y deipofieva^ 450 Travvif^ov aeXdva<^y Xiirapalai r ev oX^iat^; W6dvat<;, Toiav eXiire^ davovaa fxoXirav fieXeayv doLOot<;. ecu eir efioi /juev eir), arp, 455 hwaifjiav 8e ae ire/jiyfrai (f>do<; e^ W^iSa repd/jLvcov KcoKVTOLo re peiOpov irorapiia veprepa re KcoTra. av ydp, M fiovay (fyiXa yvvaiKcov, 460 C71' Tov avrd'^ €TXa<; iroauv dvrl aa<^ dfieh^au ylrv^d^ e^ '^ AtSa, Kovipa aou '^Ociov eirdvcoOe ireaoiy yvvai, el he re 455-405 = 40(5-475. 446. opciav S, ovpelav rell. 447. KXeiouTes MSS., corr. Elmsley. 449. Cop * L, wpa Pla, wpgi B, corr. Abresch and Kirchhoff, from Hesyehius {'ir€pi[v]ia(T€Tai Copas ' Trepi^px^Tai rets Cbpas). 457. dida Be, d8ov S. 458. Kai KwKVTov re pe^Bpwv Ba (also Ccd), koI kookvtois peidpujv S (kwkvtolo 1, peidpuu L). Monk, followed by Kirchhotf and Nauck^ reads Kukvtov re pd6pu)v. The original text I conjecture to have been KajKYTOiOTepeiGpoy. The plural is due to repdpivup above. 460. u) fjidva, w (piXa MSS., em. Wilamowitz - Moellendorff [EnHjndi'S Heraklcs, ii. p. 231). 4t)l. eairrds L, (jaurds 1 (w. 7c before toj/), eaur^s P (e read for c), aavrds rell., em. Erfurdt. 462. dWa Ba, aSao B, "Ai8a Lascaris. 463. iirdviAj iriaeie L. -%'■> 1^ 30 EYPiniAOY Kaivov eXoLTO Xe;)^09 irocn^y ?} yLiaX' ttv efMOij tiv if €17] 46n UPT, aTvyri6€l is one of those matter-of-fact emendations of which Nauck is sometimes guilty. AAKH^TIS 31 HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. XO. HP. ^prjKo^ rerpcopov dp/jua Alo/jltJSov^; fiera, TTw? ovv hvvi]ar] ; fioyv diretpo^ el ^evov ; aTretpo^;' ovirco Vaarovwv r/Xdov '^dova, OVK earvv lttttcov o aXX 485 ^v oeaiToaai a avev /jLa'^r]<;. ovc aireLiretv T0i<; irovoi^ otov r 495 I CfA/KJl/, U » KTavcov dp^ 7]^et^ 7] Oavcov avrov /jLevet^;, ^ Ijjir ov TovK dyoiva irpoirov av Bpd/jLoc/Ji^ iyco, T TL S' av KpaTr]aa<; Se(rTroTr]v irXeov Xd^oL^ ; 490 TTcoXov^ dird^o) KOLpdvw Ttpwdicp, ovfc evfiape^ y^aXtvov ifi/SaXetv yvdOot^;, el /jL7] ye irvp irveovau /jLVf(T7]pcov diro, dXS^ dvSpa^; dprafiovcn Xatylri^paif; yvdOoL^. Orjpoyv opeicdv '^oprov, ovy 'Linroyv, Xeyei<;, (f>dTva^ iSot<; av alfiaatv irecpvp/jbeva^, Tivo^ 8' o 6pey\ra^ iral<^ 7rarpo<^ Kofjurdi^erai ; ^Xpeo^y ^a'^vaov HprjKia^ TreXr-Ty? dva^, Kal TovSe Tov/JLOV Bai/jbovo^; irovov Xeyec<;' aKXijpof; yap ateu Kau iTpo<^ aliro^ ep'^erac' el yp7] /jL€ Tratalv ou9 * A.pr]<; iyetvaro fjLdy7]v ^vvdyjrat, irptora fjuev AvKaovi, avdi^ ai^aro^;, HP. "AS/jL7]T€j fcal (TV %a^p€, Weo-o-aXwi^ az^a^. 510. A A. 6e\ocfjb av' evvovv S' ovra cr' i^€7rL(TTa/jLac, HP. T6 XP^I/^^ Kovpa Tjjhe 7r€v0i/jL(p rrpeirec^ ; A A. ddineLv nv ev rfjh^ VM'^P^ fMeWco veicpov, HP. diT ovv T€fcva)p acov irrj^ovr^v ecpyot 0eo^. AA. ^Mcrtv Kar^ oIkov^ iralhe^^ ou9 €(f)V&^ eyot), 515 HP. irarrip ye /jL7]v wpalo^y elirep oXx^'^^^* A A. KVLKelvo^ eart x^ reKovad ^\ 'Hpa/cXe^?. HP. ov fir]v yvvt] 7' 6\o)Xep AX/cr;crT69 aeOev ; A A. hc7r\ov<; iir^ avrfj /jLvOo^ ean fioc Xeyeiv. HP. irorepa Oavovar]^ elira^ rj ^coar]^; irept ; 520 A A. eanv re kovk€t eartv, dXyvveo Se fjue, HP. oviev Ti fidWov olB^' darj/xa yap Xeyei^, A A. ovK olada jjLoipa^ ?^9 tvx'^^v avrrjv ^p€c«i7/ ; HP, oIS' dvrl aov ye Kardavelv vcfyei/jieinjp, A A. TTM^ ovv €t' earcVy eiirep ijveaev rdSe ; 525 HP. a, fit] irpoKXat^ aKOLTiv, eV tot' dfi^aXov, A A. Te6v7]X ^ /jLeXXo)Vy KovKer' ead^ o KarOavcov, 506. iroXc^iav Ba, iroXefii * * L, TroXefiiujv PI. 509. T (after llfpo-^ws) oni. S. 511. 8* (after evpow) 0111. S. 514. Perhaps aoi (for o-wv)? 519. aurryj' S. 520. TTcpt S, ^Tt rell. 521. ri ^uf S. 526. & S, a a rell.— ji^ om. P.— t65' MSS., om. Wakefield (approved by Elmslej^). Corruption from rdSe in the preceding v. is natural.-— di/a/SiaXoD MSS., em. Nauck {J'Jur. Stiuid. ii. 64). 527. Tldv7jK€ {x 6, with k€ written over it, L^) /xAXwi' x^ BavCov OVK ?crT* in L, ridvT)K€v 6 /bL^Wajv Kai 6 davuiv ovnir iariv P : the text follows Ba. AAKH2Ti:S 33 ;^ft>pt9 TO y' elvai koX to /jli] vofiH^eTat, av TTjhe Kpivei<;, 'HpdKXet^;, Keivrj S' 670). TL hrjTa KXaieL^; ; tl<; (plXcop 6 /caTdavoop ; 530 7i;i/r;' yvvaiKo^ dpTico^; fie/jiPij/jLeOa. oOvelo^ 7] aol avyyepr](; yeycoad tl<; ; odvelo^;, aXXa)9 S' rjv dvayKaia 86/jLot<;, TTwv ovv ev OLKoc^ aocatv wXecrev l3iov ; 7raTp6<; 6av6vTO<; evddS^ wpcfyaveveTO, 535 (f)ev. eW Tjvpofiev a/'A8/jL7]Te, firj Xvirov/xevov, ft)9 Bi] TL Bpdacov TovB' V7roppd7rT€C<; Xoyov ; ^evcov 7rp6<; dXXrjv eaTiav iropevao^ac, OVK eaTLV, S)va^* firj ToaovB' eXOot fcaKov. XvTTovfievoL^ oxXrjpoi;, ei fjioXoiy feVo9. 540 TeOvdcTLV 0! OavovTe^' dXX' W eV Bo/iov^. ataxpov irapd KXaiovai. QoLvdaOat (j)iXoi<;, %ft)pt9 ^evMve^ elaiv ol a ead^o/xev. fxe6e<; /jue, Kai aoc fivpiav e^co %ap^z/. OVK eaTLV dXXov a^ dvBpo^ eaTLav fioXelv, 545 qyoi) av ToiBe, Bco/idTcov e^coTrtov^ ^evMva^ ol^a<^y toU t' €(f)eaTMaLV ^pdaov aLTwv irapelvaL irXrjdo^' ev Be KXr)aaTe Ovpa^ fieTavXov^' ov irpeTreL doLvcofxevov^ 528. I have written 7* for t of the MSS. 530. TLs ovv P, ris rjv L (Tjv cancelled and otv6(; tXa' Xppevae S' d^(^l adv KiOdpav, ^OL^e, TTOLKiXoOpL^ ve^po^ ijyJrLKo/jLcov irepav ISaLVOva' eXaTav avp(i) Koxxfxp, ^aLpova^ evcfypovL /jLoXira. Toiydp TToXvjJirfXoTdTav eaTLav olfcel irapd KaXXivaov BoL^Lav Xifjbvav' dpoTOL^ he yvdv KaL TreSLcov SaTreSot? dpov dfjL(f)l fjLev deXiov /cvecj^alav iTTTToaTaaLV aldepa Tav MoXoaaMv irovTLOV S' AlyaLoyv' eV d/cTav 688-590 = 597-005. 35 575 fjieXecov /BaXLal re dvT, 580 585 aTp. 590 K^ V^ TL0eTat, 595 574. dofioiaL B. 577. TTOL/jLvrp-as S (itacism). 582. €x6p€V(j€U^S., corr. Monk. 588. TOL yap tol B, TOfydp rell. 589. oUds MSS., corr. Purgold and Markland. 590. -yvdv B, yvidif a, 7{;a»/ L, yviaf V (attempl 592. irepl l\ ^ 594. vTToaTaaLv B. — After yioKoaaCov perhaj)s we should read 6piu)v (opecoN might easily have been dropped after occcon). 595. T (for 8*) ^.—alyalov MSS. ; aiyaiuyp' seems to have been read by the Scholiast {npaTel dk Kal tiri ttju Klyalwva aKT7)v t7]v TrbvTLOV Kal oXifxevov). )ted correction ?). K 36 pnpiniAOY AAKH2TIE 37 avT, GOO 605 dXlfjievop UrfKiov Kparvpet, Koi vvv BofjLov afiireTaaa<^ he^aro ^elvov vorepw ^Xecfxiprp, rd^ (f>lXa<; KXaucov aK6')(ov veKvv ev hcofxaaiv dpridavf]' TO yap €vy€P€^ eKcfyeperac Trpo? alcM, iv ToU dyaOolat Se ttcivt evearip ao<^ia^. aya^iar irpo<^ S' ijj^ '^^X^ ^apc709 tjarat Oeoae^rj (f>coTa Kehva irpd^eLV. AA. dvhpo>v ^epaiwv evfievrf^ irapovaia, veKVv jiev r)hrj iravr^ e^ovra irpocriroXoL (hepovatv ciphi^v eV Td(f)OP re Kai irvpav' v/jLeU Se TTjv davovaaVy ox? vofii^erac, 7rpoE. rfKco KaKoiat aolai avyKufivcov, reKVov' iaffXi]^ yap, ovBel'^ dvrepel, koX aox^povo^ yvvaLKO<; y)fMdpTi]Ka^, aXXa ravra fiev (f)€p€iv dvdyKT] KaiTrep ovra Bva(f)opa' Be^ov 8e Koafxov rovhe, koX Kara x^^^^^ I'to)' to TauT7;9 aco/xa Ttfidadai xp^^^y 7]TL^ ye T?}9 crrj^i 7rpov0av€ y{rvxv^f TeKvoVy /cat fM ovK airaib eurjKev ovo etaae aov 610 615 620 598. ^ivov MSS., Ictvov Aldinc ed. 599. 0t\ia5 MSS., 4>tXas Aldine ed. — Perhaps wc should read eiV for €v to corresi)Oiul more closely to -av in th«' strophe. 608. TTpos rdcpov S, perhaps rightly. 617. 8vopa S (and a^ in margin), Si'cr/xcj/^ rell. The ^leu in V. 616 may have brought about the corruption. \ aTepevTa yy]pa irevOi/jLO) KaTacpOivetPy 7rdcraL<^ S' WrjKev evKXeeaTepov ^iov yvvat^iVy epyov TXdaa yevvalov ToSe. 6) TopSe jjLev act)aaa\ dvaaTr]aaaa 3e 625 7;/ia9 7rLTV0VTa<;, %a2^/36, Kdv'^AcBov So/jlol^ ev aoL yevoiTO, (f)rifju tolovtov^ yd/iovdaKOV(Ta kol KeK\r]^€irq (rather KoXovfJievri) tirJTTqp fi' eTLKT€' 6ouAtou 8' a(f)' ai/u.aTOS /LiaaToi yvvaiKO^ otj? virf^kr^drfv \d6pa. It seems monstrous that Admetus in his royal rage should call him- self a slave's son. Kauck entertaining the same view rejects vv. 638 sq. But this is not enough. After the violent outburst of vv. t *i 38 G45 EYPiniAOY KUL /x' ov vofii^co TratSa aov TrecpvKevat. rj rdpa irdvTfov haTrpeiret^ a^^x^^^y ^ S9 TTjXcKoah' cov kclttI rep/x' fiKcov I3lov ovfc 7)0e\r]aa<; ovh' iroX/JLTjaa^; 6avelv Tov aov Tvpo 7ra6So9, aWa Ti]vh' eliaare yvval/c" oOveiav, tjv iyo) kol fi^repa irarepa t eVSt/cox? av 7)yoLfi7]v fiovr^v, Kalrot fcaXov 7' av rovh' ayMv' rjy^id^^o), ^ TOV aov Trpo 7raiho<; KaTOavdv. ^p«X^^ ^^ ^^^ 7raz/T0>9 o Xoiiro^ V^ ^ia)aLfio<; XP^voj, 650 KoX fJLr)v oa' Itvhpa XPV 'Jradelv evhai^ova 653 TreirovOa^' rj/Sijaa^ fiev ev rvpavviSty iraU S' r> ijco aoi TMvSe gta8oxo9 Opovfov. 655 coar' ovfC areKV0<^ KarOavayv aWoi^; hofxov \eiy\reiv efieWe^ 6p(j)avov hiapiraaai. ov fJLr]V ipeU ye fi W9 drt^a^o)!^ to ahv 636-639 we have in v. 611 a briefer restateinent of the es^ntial point of the preceding with a reference to the faUier only (cf. also vv 737 .sa.). It was, I conjecture, as a parallel to v. 641 that the -effective verses," as Paley truly calls them, were written, first in the margin, afterwards in the text. Read them as a passionate interrocration, and see how effective they are in the mouth of an Oedipu°s that has just been taunted as a foundhng and appeals to his putative father. See further Crit. Appendix. ^ 643. TT^Xk'os C^v S. 646. Miaps o^.eco.. 647. added by Elmsley, W 7 ^^'^k^^ .^•~»'°''l^ ^^' ktxJbv B (derived apparently from /x6v . .)• Cf. Nauck, Lur. UudcL ''' 649!^*I have changed the MS. reading KarOap^p {-wp derived from -Cjv' above) to the infm. , . x z 1 » a vv. 651 sq. Kd7c6 r B.p ^^u^u x¥^ rbv XoL-irbu xpb^ov \ kovk hv ^ovi^deU ^jrepov KaKols e/xols wero rightly rejected by Lentmg as interpolated from vv. 2% sq. -^ s /r... 655. Nauck would write ^ 7^7^^ (tol (quite unnecessarily) {Ji.nr. StiM. ii. 67 note).-56Ma;»^ MSS., Opovcav F W. Schmidt. 657. Suipirdo-ai S, dLapirdaeLv rell. (with 1). 658. dTiMdsVra abv, followed in v. 659 by 7rpo(t5wfca9 S AAKH3TI3 39 660 665 yrjpa<; Oavelv irpovScoKa a\ oaTL<; alSo(f)p(ov 7rpo9 a' 7] jJniXtara, fcdvrl rcovBe fwt X^'^P^^ TOtdvSe Kal av XV TCKOva' rjWa^drrjv, TOiydp (f>VT€va)u TralSa^ ovtcer av (j)6dvot<;, oi y7jpo/3oaK7]aovai fcal davovra ae irepiarekovai Kal iTpo67]aovTai veKpov. ov ydp a' eycoye t/;S' efifj Ody^rco %6/)f riOvrjKa yap 8r) tovttI a'' el 8' dWov tvx^v ao)Tpipo^ avyd^ elaopco, k€lvov Xeyco Kal TTalhd fi elvai Kal ^ikov y7] p or p 6 (f)OV. fjbdT7]v dp' ol yepovre^ evx^vrai davelv, yripa^ y\reyovTe^ Kal ^aKpov XP^'^^^ ^iov' rjv 3' €77^9 €\9r] Odvaro^;, ovSeU ^ovXerat OvrjaKeiv, to yrjpa^ 8' ovk€t' eaT avrol^^apv. XO. "ASfjL7]d\ a\69 yap rj irapovaa av^i^opd, TravaaC iraTpcx; Se fiTj 7rapo^vv7)<; (f)peva<;. cf>E. M iral TLv' avxeky -rroTepa AvSov r) ^pvya 675 KaKoU iXavvetv apyvpMvrjTOV aeOev ; ovK olaOa (deaaaXov /xe Kairo ©eaaaXov TraTpo^ yeyMTa yv7]aLco<; ekevOepov ; dyav fi v^pii^et^, Kal veavla^ Xoyov^ pLTTToyv €9 /;/xa9 ov /SaXcov ourco? aTret. iyo) Se a' oIkoov heairoTi^v iyetvdfirjv 670 680 665. edXxpu ?). , 1 / \ ' • 668 Nauck would reject this verse and emend k€Cvov \€y<» m v. 667 to K€ipov T65e, Kelpop aipw. or the like (Eur. ShulcL 11. 68 5^.). See Explan. Notes. 671. (\eoL B. 672. 6aP€LP a. . « *, i - \ 673 sn. Ta.Va^9' an.l i rat MSS. (for "ASiif and iravo-ai), enien.le.1 by Mckler (EuripUlfo, in>. 14-16). —/.p-.'a S (under the influence of ^pvya.). 079. |i' inserted by L. 40 EYPinUOY Ka0pe\jr\ 6(j)el\(o 3' ov^ oTrep0v^a-Keiu (Te0€v' ov yap irarpwov Tovh" ^Se^ufi^jv v6/xov, -rraihuyv 7rpo0v;iaKeiv irarepa^, ou8' ' EXXf,viK6i^. aavTo) yap, eire Bvarvxh-i eh" evrvxv'i, 685 TToXXwv fxev apxei't, 7ro\W^ff^<; Si aoi yva<; ^ff"^'^ ^arpo^: yap ravr' eSe^/i^rjv irdpa. Tt h)]rd cr' TjSUrjKa ; rov o"' d-Troarepa) ; fiV dpf}et? ipSyv oy^- -rrarepa S' ov xaipeiv BoKel<; ; ?] p.r)v TToXvv ye tov kutco Xoyi^ofiat Xpovop, TO Be i^riv (T,iiKp6v, «\X' '6fi(o^ yXvK^. ffvyovu (IvaiBm Bie/Mixov to p,^ Oavelv, Kal ^T)<; irapeXOwv ttjv Tre-TrpwpAvi^v tvxw> TavTT)v KaTaKTik' (It e/ii/v dyjrvxiav ' QreVf?, yvvaiKO'i, w KdKi(Te\ ya-ayipevot, •>; TOV KaXov crov TrpovOavev veaviov ; o-o<^w9 B' i(l)r)vpeiXoi^ ToU /^Ji^i^o-^cJ^v^\ avTo, i>v KaK6, ;. a-iya- vofii^e B , el av ttjv aavTov (jyiXeif fvpv,^ iXe2v airavTa^- el 8' i)fia<; KafcSx; epeh, uKOvar] woXXa kov yjrevBPi KaKd. 705 682. i^CKu) 8' Ri, 6"' MhS., ^iyus ti.e 2n.l edit, of the He vJian reprint 699. ipei^ ■ a^lMela t,}? o-i}? .,Si KdKiaT\ dyjrvxia^. ovToi 7rpo<: y^MV y' aJXcr'- ovfc epek roSe e/^' dvBpi^ eXOoi^ ToOB' eV e'? xpelav -ttotI tivjiXov TO eyyo<; tovto tov Oeov, ^iXov. KUKW TO Xi}fla KOVK CV dvBpdaiV TO (TOV. ovK eyy€Xa.ev ev- TO yr]pa<; w? dvaiBeia'i -rrXewv. W OVK dvacByj^' T,jvB' ir,vpei acfypova. /16. vtKpovY H; tlie'othcr MSS. oin. y'. ' 717. ariiuii y S, K6.KiijT( ravr' i^vxias S. — inserteil l,v van Herwerden {Mnem. [n.sA 5, ,.. 44) i»serteE. AA. 0E. AA. *E. AA. 'I>E. AA. E. 42 EYPiniAOY if- AA. aireXBe Kci^e rovh" ea 6dy\rai veKpov, St/ca? re Soxrei? rotat KrfSeaTal^; €TC. 7} rap' "AKaaTO<; ovtcer' ear' iv avhpd8' er' eV ravrov areyo^; velad'* el S' direnrelv XPV^ /^^ KrjpvKcov viro Tr]V arjv irarpcoav earlav, direlirov av. rjfiet^ Bey tovv iroalv yap olareov KaKoVy (TTeiyjiJdpueVy w av iv irvpa Oco/xev veKpov XO. IcO l(0. (TX^TXia T6\/JLT]^y M yevvala Kal fiey^ dpicrnqy Xalpe* irpocjypcov ae x^ovto^; 6' 'Ep^?/9 "AtS?;? re Sexotr', el Be n KciKel irXeov ear' dyaOohy tovtwv fierexova' \ '^ \lBov vv/jL(f)rj irapeBpevoL^. 730 735 740 745 BE. 7roXXou9 fiev i)Bi) kutto iravToia^ x^^^^'^ ^evov^ fio\ovra<; oW €? 'AS/zr/rou Bofiov^y oh SeiTTva irpovOrjK' dWd rovB' ovttco ^evov 729. Kai /xe S. i r • 731. 5^ (foFTc) S.— Tottrt (ToTo-i B {(Toi)v ypdcpovai avv t(? P, IVa rj ^itroxi aprl prffiaTOS Tov ^ppe). The error arose from eppcoNyN (n written for nn). 736. TtDSe 7' Ba, t(?5' it S, whence I derive t«8* It* as the original (cf. v. 719 crit. note) (anticipated by Elmsley ad Her(f4;L 959 [956]). 741. 4w once in S. 743 s<[. x^ov^^^ ^' ^^V^ I ^Pf^V^ ^^ ^^XV^' B.— 740. Trpo;VS' eariav eSe^d/jbrjv, 09 irpcora fiev irevOovvra SecnroTTjv opoiv elarjXOe KaroX/jbrja^ dfiei'y^raaOaL irvka^' eireira S' ovtl aoxppovco^; eSe^aro ra irpocTTVxovTa ^evia, avfKpopdv fiaOoov, dW' ec TL /jL7] (f)epotfjieVy iorpvvev (pepetv' TTorrjpa 8' ev ^eipeo^crt Kiaaivov Xa^cov TTivet fxeXaivrf^ /jir]Tpo<; ev^copov fieOv, ew? e0ep/ii7]v^ avrov djK^i^aaa (pXo^ oXvov (TTe(f>ec Be Kpara fjbvpaiV7j<^ KXdBoc^ dfiova^ vXaKTMV Bid ad S' ^v jjueXr] KXvetv o /jLev yap ^Be, tmv ev ^AB/jl^tov /caKcov ovBev irpoTifjLcoVy oltcerai 8' eKXaiofiev Beairoivav o/jl/jui S' ovk eBeiKvvfxev ^ev((> reyyovre^* "\Bfjir}To<; yap oiS' ec^iero. Kal vvv eycb fiev ev Bofjuoiaiv ecrrcco ^evoVy iravovpyov /cXcoira Kai XyaTrjV rtva, 7} B^ eK BojjLoyv /3e^7]KeVy ovB^ e<^eairoiJir]v ovB^ e^ereiva %e?p', dTrotfMco^oov ifirjv BeairoivaVy rj e/jLol irdai r' olKeraicrLV rjv fjLrjTTjp' KaKMV yap fivpLcov eppvero, 6pyd<^ fjuaXdacTovcr^ dvBpo^, dpa tov ^evov (TTvyct) BiKai(D<^y ev KaKoh dcfycy/jievov ; ovTo^^y TL aefjLvov Kal irec^povTiKo^ ^Xe7reL<; ; ov XPV (yKvOpoyirov Toh ^evoL<; tov TrpocnroXov elvaUy Se^ecr^at S' evrrpoarjyopfp cjypevi' 775 (TV S' dvBp^ eTalpov BeairoTOV irapovO^ opSyv, 755. ip^poieu (sic) B. 759. /xvpfTLvoL^ MSS., p,vp(rtvT]s Canter. 760 sq. 8io-€l\€Tai, Kovfc ecTTL 6in]T0)v oari<; i^eTrlo-rarai rrfv avpLov fieWovaav el ^icoaerat* TO T)}^ '^^XV^ y^P ^^^''^*^ ol 7rpo/3y](T€Taii 785 Kiiar^ ov ^cSaKTov ovB^ aXlaKerat Te'^vrj, C^^ ravT ovv cifcovaa^ kol iiaOiov e/iov irdpay €V(ppacP€ oravTov, irlvey top kuO' y/xepaj/ ^iov Xoyt^ov aov, ra 3' aXXa t/}9 tv^V^' TL/iia Sk fcal rrjv irKelarov 7]8lo-T7]v Oecov 790 \\.v7rptp ^pOTolatP' evfievr]^ yap i) Oeo^' ra B' ciW eaaov ravra kol ireiOov \(jyot<^ efjiolaiv, eiTrep opdd aoi 8o/cm Xeyeiv, ot/jiai fiev, ovK ovv rijp ciyav Xvirrjv d^el^ TTLj) fjbeO y/jLMP rdaS^ virep^aXtov rv^ci'sy 795 aT€(f)dvoc<; irvKacrOei^ ; koX adcf)^ olB' oOovveKa TOV VVV OJCvd^OyTTOV KOL ^VV€aTO)TO<; rpoTTov 777. -^ vifv Bel^op olov iratSd cr' ?; Tcpwdla 'HXefcrpvovo^i eyeivar' 'AXk^jli^vt] AtL TO. Tftia h tlglv ovk ^yKeirai. These vv. are tliou<;ht to be 818-820. "Lacunae expleiidae caussa ab iiiterpolatoriT olim esse additos [hos versus] stichomythiae ratio evincit satis a^ierta" (Kirchhoti"). The text gives v. 820 ace. to Kirchhoffs conjecture. See further Explan. Notes. 825. /i6vov L. 827. TrewXwfiaT (for irpdorwirov) Mcklcr and iStadtmiiller. See further Explan. Notes. 831. Acara (/cdra a") ku/jlcl^uj a, KaTaKUJixi'^u} B, kSlt eVw/xa^o;/ L, KCLTTiKibfia'^OV P. 833. dofxaros B. — irpoKeL/jL^vov MSS., corr. Scaliger. 835. Xdpiaaav MSS. ; the form w. single iXo^evo(;, Tt9 'EXXaS' oIkwv ; rouydp ovk epel KaKov evepyerrjaat (fyoyra yevvalo^ yeyot)<;, 860 AA. l(o 6C0. arvyval TrpoaoSoc, 841. K'ftsMSS. 842. 8* S,^ ^' rell. 843. I have adopted ^lusgrave's conjecture, jieXajjiirTepov, based (m the Schol. ctSwXoTrotetrat jmeXaiyas irrepvyas ex^^v 6 Gdyaros and favoured by Kirchholf. 846. XoxT^cras MSS., Schol. ypdcf^eraL Xoxtas. \oxdp yap ainbv e^Xet, 6 ' lipaKXrjs KpixpOeis. Prinz cites most of tlie v. from the Cod. Flor. of the Etymul. Ma/jn. thus : kSlv wep Xoxata cavrbv €^^5 pas. 847. irepi^aXu) S, Trept/SaXwz/ rell. (with 1), corr. Monk.— 5^ MSS., TC Nauck. 852. dvrjXiov B. 861. l« Iw 1, iw rell. I i 48 EYPiniAOY AAKH2TI2 49 Tr arvyval S' o-v/ref? '^r]pcov /xeXdOpayv' i(o fjLOL fioL, alaly irol /3co ; IT a arS) ; ri Xeyca ; ri he fjn] ; ircd^ av oXoLfiav ; rj /BapvSai/jLova /jir]T7)p fx ereKev. 865 ^T/Xw (pOc/jLepov^j K€LV(ov € pa flat, Keiv iiridviJiS) Sco/uLara valetv, ovT€ yap avya^ '^aipco irpoaopoiv ovT^ eirl yaia<; iroha ire^evcov' Toiop o/jL7]pov fi' (iTroavXyjaa^; 870 '^AlBt) ^dvaTO<^ irapehcoKev. XO. TTpo^a 7rpo/3a* j^aOi KevOo^ oIkwv, arp, A A. alac, XO. ireirovOa^s a^t^ alayficircov. AA. I e'. XO. Sfc' 6Bvva<; eySa?, ad(f>' olSa, A A. (f)ev avTa Xvirpov^^ A A. €/jLPrjaa^ 6 fiov (^peva^ yXfcaxrev' TL yap dvSpl KaKov /lec^ov dfiaprelv 872-877 = 889-804. 862. ^JiOL once R.— al a1 P, aX at L, ^ ^ P>, e 'i a. I havo fol- lowed Hermann in doubling alai and in the arrangement of the anapaests from td> ic6 to 6\oiixav. 863. irri (ttQ) 1, Trot €v, XO. rXdO^ ' ov av irpCoTO<^ (oXeaa^ id) fjLOi fioi. XO. yvval/ca' (TV/ji(f>opd S' ere- pov^ erepa TTie^ei (f)aveiaa OvarMV. S) fxafcpd irevOr] Xvirai re (f>iXcov 895 Tcov VTTO yalav. Ti fi €Kd)Xvaa<; plyfrai tv/jl^ou Td(f>pov 619 KOiXrjv /cal /ler^ eKeivrj^ rrjf; jxey^ dpiaTT]^ KelaOai (f)Oi/JLevov ; Bvo S' dvTi fiid^'' A.ihr]<; y}rv'^d<; 900 880. irwrHJs Sa, with Stobaeus {Flor. 69, 12), (piKias B (apparently from v. 876). 883. \pvxv d^ /jiia 1, \^i'X^ yoip fJ^f-o. P. — r^crS' MSS., rfjs Stobaeus. 887 S(j. dr^Kvois I aydfioLS t S. 890. 5* ovUv 8. 898. /car' (for Kal |ji€t*) S. E 50 EYPiniAOY AAKH2TIS 51 Tr TCLf; TnaTordra^ avv av t(Tj(ev, ofiov y6oviav \i/jLP7]P Bia^dvre. AIJ. €/JLOi TL^ 1]V iv yeveCy co Kopo^ d^iodprivo^; wXer' iv hofiOLaiv /jL0P07rai<^' d\X e/jbiraf; €(f)€p€ KaKov dXc^j dreKPO^ cov, TToXtdf; eiTL '^aira^^ r^hrj Trpoirerr]^ cov j3iOTOV re iropaco, AA. w a'^rj/jia Bo/jlcov, ttw? <^a^ elaeXOco ; 7rw9 3' olKtjaco jxerainirTOVTo^^ BaLjjbOVo<; ; ol/jlol, ttoXv yap to fieaov * t6t€ji€V irev/caL^ avv Tlr]XLdatv ^ ^vv 6^ v/jL€vaiOi^ earei^ov eaojy (f)LXia iuserted by Waketielil. 913. 8* S, om. rell. 917. Scliol. ypd(p€TaL TriaTrjs (for <|)iXtas) ; cf. v. 8S0. 918. TToXi'dx^Tos MSS., em. Monk. 921. dpiaTLou MSS., em. Dol>ree and Hermann. — €lp.^u aP, the other MSS. ^^xev (supported by Nauck), €tp,€v Heatli and (iaisford (followed by Prinz). xo. avT, 930 935 XeKTpcov KOLTa^; eV ipyfjiov^;. 925 Trap evTvyrj aoL TTOT/jLov 7]X6ev dTretpoKdfco) roB^ aXyo^' aXX^ €aa)aa<; ^iorov fcal yfrv^dv. eOave Sd/xapy eXtTre, (ptXla' TL veov ToSe ; ttoXXov^ fjSr] irapeXvaev ddvaro^ BdfjiapTOf;, AA. (piXoLy yvvat/co<; Sai/xov^ evrvyearepov Tovfiov vofjil^o)y Kaiirep ov Bo/covvO^ ofMCO<;' tP]<; fiev yap ovhev dXyo^ dy^erai irore, ttoXXmv Se /jLo-^Ooyv evfcXerjf; liravaaro, iyo) B\ ov ov XPW ^Wy 'TTapeh to fiopaifioVy XvTrpov Scd^co ^lotov' dpTt /jiavOdvo). 910 7rw9 yap 86/jlo)v tmvB' elaoSovf; dve^ofiai ; TLv^ dv TTpocrecrrdoVy tov Be irpoaprjOeU vtto Tepirvi]^ TV^oi^i^ dv elaoBov ; irol Tpeyjrofjiat ; 7] fxev yap evBov i^eXa />t' eprj^iiay yvvaiKo<^ evvd^ €Vt' dv elo-iSco K€vd ecTTar yeppaioTdTap he iraadp i^ev^o) KXiCTLat^ aKOiTiP. /jLr]he P€Kp(t)P 0)9 (f)Ot/Jiepo)P %w/xa pofjii^eaOo) TVfjL^o<; cra9 dXoxoVy OeolaL S' o^ota)9 Ti/xdadcOy (T€/3a^ efJLTTopcop. Kal T69 Soxj^lcip KeXevOop ifjL^aLPcop Toh^ ipec' 984-994 = 995-1005. 980. Xa\vP0Le£vovd$ S, Atop0d5 rell. 1014. This V. is rejected by Lachmann and Nanck {Eur. StuiU. ii. 80) as interpolated from v. 778 (followed by Kirchhoff in ed. min.). But in his text X. does not bracket. Prinz rejects. For defence of v. see Explan. Notes. 1017. fM€/j.a roh viKoyacv r]V 'iiriTov^ dyeaOdi, rolai 8' av rd fiel^ova 1030 vcKioaty TTvy/JLTiv Kal 7rdX7]v, ^ov^op^ia' yvvi] 8' eV avrol<; eiirer"' evrvxJ^vrt Se alaypov irapelvac /cep8o9 yp toB' ev/cXee<;, }\X\ '(oaTrep elirov, aol p^eXetv yvvacKa XP^l' ov yap KXoiralav, dXXd avv irovcp Xa^wv 1035 i'jfco)' XP^^^ ^^ '^^^ ^^ ^' alveaei<^ 60-0)9. AA. ovroL a" drl^cov ou8' ev exdpolaiv rtOeU eKpvy\r" ifirj^ yvvaLKo<; dOXlov^; TU%a9' dXX' dXyo^ dXyet toOt' dv i]V irpoaKeifievov, el rov Trpo^ dXXov Bco/juad' (hpfJL7]0v^ ^evoV 1040 aX69 Be KXaleiv rovpiov r]V ifiol KaKov. yvvacKa B\ el 7ra)9 eariv, alrovfial a\ dva^, dXXov rev' oari^ fxr] ireirovdev oV eycb aM^eiv dvMxOi^ ^)eaaaX(i)Vy iroXXol Be aot ^IvoL ^epaiwv, firj e/jue' fJH/JLV^Ket'^ fcaKMV, 1045 1024. (TOL {(or a-ola-i) \j.—irp6(nro\ov S. 1025. woWQp 8s fJubxOi^v ^\0e x^'^P^^ ^^'^ ifids S. 1027. TTOVOV B, TTOi/cjj/ a, irouov S. ^ 7 o 00 1031. Perhaps KparCxji for vtKwo-i ? Ct. Aen. Aiiao. t5, z, ^y. 1036. (TV 7' S. . . »\ 11 ' ' 1037. OLTCtwv H (Prinz is wrong in printing the * ) rell. art/ia- ^(jjVj a gloss. — atVxpoZ(7i»' S. 1038. deXCovs a, adUov rell. 1039. wpoK€i^€vov BP ; cf. v. 833 (crit. note).^ ^ ^ 1040 etwep S. 1045. fx-^ fxe /xt/x^'T^crKeis B, M ^ auafxp-ncrrjs fe. o p ^ \. - 0^- •^« EYPini^OY ahaKpv^ ehat' fjurj voaovvri fioc voaov TrpoaOfj^' ciXc<; yap ^vfi^opa /Bapvvo/Mai. TTOV KOl Tp€(f)OCT' UP Bco/JLUTWV V€a JVPT] ; pea yap, ox? iaOrjTt fcal fcoafio) irpeiret. 1050 irorepa Kar avhpiov SPjt' ivoLKrjaei aTeyr]v ; Kav TTw? dfcpaL(f)prj<^ iv veoi<; arpcocpcofMepTj earat; top 7;/3wz/^\ 'UpdfcXec^;, ov paScop ecpyetp* iyco Be aou Trpo/bLijOlap e^o)' V T7]<; 0apov(Tr}^ 0ci\a/iop efij3r]aa^ rpecfxo ; 1055 ical 7rw9 e7rea(f)p(o rrjpSe rw fceLP7](; \exei ; hTrXijp cf)o^ovfiac /j.€fiy}np, etc re Sij/iotmp, M TLV^ fierp' ladi Ka\ Trpoa/ji^at ^/nas. OL/xoC K6fiLl;e irpo^ 0€(bp cItt' o^fidrcop yvpalKa rrjpSe, fir] //.' A.779 yprj/j.epop' 1065 BoKO) yap avrijp elaopcop yvpalx ^P^^ 6>r;V- eoXol Be KapBiap, ifc B' o/xficircop 1048. avfiipopah a (perhaps rightly). 1051. §77 Ttf' 0LKr)(T€i a. 1055. edXafxou ela^rjaas a, apparently a correction of e/j 0d\ ^,jra. 1^11 The text follows the excellent emendation of F W thin X ' • ''"f''' "; ''''' '^'' ^'•^^'^^^'^---^ ii. 27), who flunks that ea.\a^lOHet^^7]aa^ lost eN after ON- 1058. eX^yxr, B, ac'Y^T, rtll. 1059. dXXt^s S, &\\ois rell. •■ /N ,-» *-^ X^ Jnp?* 9'\'^P°*^^'?*^ see Crit. Appendix. lUbl. ttTT Ojxp.dTa>v S, the other JSISS. i^ 6 I I TTV\ 3 57 \ xo. 'HP. AA. HP. AA. HP. AA- HP. AA. HP. AA. HP. AAKH2TI '7rr]yal fcareppcoyaatp' S) rX^j^cop eyw, ft)9 ciprt TrepQo v^ rovBe yevofiac infcp ov. f . fcVc€) fiep ovfc exoifx' dp ev Xeyeip rvxv^' 1070 Xph ^\ VT(^^ earl, fcaprepelp Oeov Boacp. ei yap roaavrrjp Bvpa/Mcp elxop ware arjp €69 9 TTopevaat peprepcop eK Bco/juitcop yvpacKa Kai aoi T7]pBe rropavpac %r/p6i/. ad<^' olta ^ovXeadal a' ap. dXXd ttov roBe ; 1075 ovK eari rov^ Oapupra^ el<; (f)doepe, paop irapaipelp rj iraQopra /caprepetp, rl B ' dp irpoi^TOi^, el 6eXoL<; arepetp del ; eypcoKa fcavro^, dXX' epm tl^ e^dyec. 108O TO yap (f)tXPiaat top 0apopT' dyei Bd/cpv, dircvXeaep /xe, /caTC ^dXXop rj Xeyco. .yvpaLfc6<; ea0Xi']<^ rjfiirXaKe<^ ' rtV dpTepel ; SyaT dpBpa T6pBe fjL7jKe0' rjBea0ac ^up, Xpopo^ IMaXd^eL, PVP B' W rj/Sdafcet Kafcop, 1085 6^. niiv lu V. 1067 ?)l i.J^J\- ^^I!' '^ ^^ ^^^^s f^ermann would read for this oarcs dec 1 cannot believe this to be right, but would follow Monkf?) in emending as above. In any case tjtls wot' el a6 in v. 1062 has played Its part in the corruption. See further Crit. Appendix. hand in r""' "^"^^ ''°'' ^ ^^"^"^^"^ ^^ ^^ ' '' ^''' ^"^^"^ ^^ ^"^^^^^ 1077. i'7re>/3a\' a, vTr^p^aiv' rell., corr. Monk. The Schol ^vidently read v^cpPaXX; {^r, .0. vw.p^aXXSur.s 0e>e, dXX' e.acaS^ Ihis is surely right. The sources of vw^p^aiu' wei'e the droppim; ?A- « '"^"^ ^^^^ influence of TrapAiNe?!/ in 1078. 10/9. ecXots C with Galen, O^Xets rell-dei arivetu MSS., crr^vctv MiereTv^l^O^"' Galen />. ^.te. Hipp, ct Plat. v. p. 413 Kuhn ^wnere vv. 10/9 .s^. are cited). 1080. Ti's c^dvcL Galen, Ws (x i^. rell. 1085. /laXd^et ere 13 (cr' a). For tiie source of error cf. v. aSl.— 58 EYPiniAOY v>;:t'' '-^- Xi AA. '^povov XeyoL^ civ, ^ el '^povo<; ro fcarOavelv, HP. yvv7] ae iravaet koI veot yd/jiot ttoOov, AA. auyrjaov' olov €l7ra<;. ovk av (po/Mrjv — HP. TL S' ; ov ya/jLec'^ 7ap, ciXka 'yfipevarj Xe^09 ; AA. OVK eartv i]tl<^ rayBe avy/cXLO/jcreraL, 1090 HP. ficov rrjv Oavovaav axpeXecv rt irpoahoKa^ ; AA. fceivrjVy oTTovirep iarty Tt/jbdaOat y^pewv, / HP. alvu} jiev alvco' fJkcoptav S' oc^XiaKaveL^, A A. 0)9 /nyjTTOT^ avhpa rovSe vvfKpiov koXmv, HP. iirrjvea^ aXo'ycp Trtaro^ ovveK^ el (^t\o9. 1095 AA. OdvoLjjb^ eKeivi^Vy Kaiirep ovk ovaav, irpohov^^, W, heyov vvv eiaco rijvSe yevvaicov Bo/jL(ov, AA. /jL7]y irpo^ ae rov (T7reipavT0<; civro/jLac Afc09. HP. Kol /jbrjv d/jLapT7]aD ye fir] hpdaa<^ rdhe. AA. KoX Spcov ye Xvirrj Kaphiav Srj^Oijao/jLat, 1100 HP. TTt^ov' Td')(^ av yap eV heov ireaot %ap69. AA. ^ei)- eiu eg (lycovo^ Ti)voe /jlij eXape^ irore, HP. VtKCOVTL /jUeVTOL Kal av aVVVLKCl^ e/jLOL, AA. KaXo)^ eXe^a9* ^ yvvrj 8' dTreXOero), HP. direiaiVy el XPV' ^rp^ra S' el y^pecov dOpet. T)pd(rKei. Galen {op. cit. i>. 419). ij^q^ col MSS. (hBaicoi read fur HBACKei). 1087. veov yd/uiov ttoBol (ttoOos L) MSS., vt-os yd/jLos irodov J. Gutteiitag ; the text F. \V. Schmidt (after Gutteutag). 1089. XVP^^^*-^ /uLot/os S. 1090. dvhpi is interpolated after T(j;5e in 1> (probably under the influence of v. 1084). 1094. l(t6l is written over ws by L^. — Ka\6v B, KaXcov L, KaXiTv 1. 1097. yevvaiav S. 1098. fivTOfUit S, aiTod/jLai the other ^ISS. (gloss). 1101. TTiOov S, ireidov rell. — rdxct ydp B. 1102. \di:ioLS L, Xdfirjs P. 1105. 6pa (for d0p€t) in S (gloss). AAKH^TO 59 AA. UP. AA. HP. VA. 1H^ AA. HP. AA. HP. AA. HP. AA. HP. X/3r;, o-oD 76 /xt; fieXXovTO<; opyaivetv e^ioL 1106 etSft)9 Ti Kay id rrjvh'' e'^w irpoOvfiiav, vuca vvv* ov /ji7]v dvSdvovrd fjLoi iroeU._^ * aXX' ea& 66' r/fid^; alveaec^;' ttlOov fiovov, KO filler', el xpV r/jvSe Be^aaOac 86/jLol^. liio OVK av /xedeiTjv rrjv yvvacKa irpoairoXot^. av S' avTO^ avT7]v etaay\ el SoKeiy hofiov^, 69 ad^ fiev ovv eycoye 6i]aofxai %6/oa9. OVK av OlyoLfxc' Bcofia 8' elaeXOelv irdpa. TTJ ay ireiroiOa X^^P^ ^^^^^ fiovrj, 1115 dva^y ^ui^rj yit' ov OeXovra Spdv rdSe, ToXfia Trporecvat %6?/Da Kal Ouyelv ^evrj<;. Kal Srj Trporeivco, Topyov' 0)9 Kaparo/jbcov, €X€i^; AA. 6X0). HP. vaiy aco^e vvv, Kal rov Aco^ 7)aet<; ttot' elvac iralBa yevvalov ^evov. 1120 /SXeyjrov 8' 69 avT7]Vy et rt afj SoKel irpeTreiv yvvaiKi' Xu7r?;9 S' evrvx^ov fieOiaraao, A A. CO oeoiy Ti Xevaaco ; (f)da/jL' dveXiriarov roSe' ^ yvvacKa Xe^ca rrjvS' ifx-qv er7]TVfX(o<;y 1108. This verse is omitted in B, but added in the margin by B^. Nauck would reject both it and 1107 {Eur. Stiuld. it 83^ Sce^ further Explan. Notes. 1111. /jLedeifjLrjif ao2s yvvaiKa a. 1112. tlcdyay {sic) B.— 8ok€i S ; ^ovXcl rell.— Sojiovs the Vene- tian copy of L, b6^lOLs L rell. (influenced by v. 1110). 1114. Swjia 8* S, bibij^ar rell. 1117. Trporeipeiu S.—Biye a. 1118. mV (for 8^) S.—KapaT6/jL(i> MSS., emended by Lobeck, Ai.- p. 354. See also Nauck, Eur. Studd. ii. 83 sq. 1121. l3\^xpou Tvphs B, pX6'i|/ov 8* h rell. . 1122. 8* (after \virT]s) om. B. 1123. \4^(x) S, \ev(TU3 B, X€vAM&^ d<\>aypiarjTaL ical rpirop p^oXjj (f)do^. aXX eccray eiao) ri^poe kul oifcato^ oyp TO XotiroPy ''AS/it/t', evaeBec irepl ^epov<;, 1125. €fi7r\r)(T(T€L V. 1126. ovK ^(TTLv dWojs is proposed by Nauck, on which see Explan. Notes. 1130. Tvx^v MSS. , em. IJeiske. 1132. Trdvd' ocraTrep S. 1137. 4>tTU(ras 1>, s fxeOojpfxlcrpLcaOa. See Explan. Notes. I K^ ADDENDA 540. 6-x\rip6v for 6x\r}p6r)juais" [cfxi/xais]. Dobree, Adversaria, 1123. " Interpunge ri X^^w OavjuC dfeXinaTov t65€ ; Tvva7Ka Xevaaoj (sic MSS. alioqni malim Xevacreiv) — ^ttjtv/jluSj "H k^pto/ul6sj etc." Dobree, Adversaria. Perhaps this is right. Cf. the reading of 8. Badham (in the Fpistola ad Senatum Liigdunensem Batavonim prefixed to his edition of Plato's Euthydemus and Laches, p. xiv. ) condemns as ^'' insulsae interpolat tones'* the following passages in the Alcestis: 309-325, 338-342, 636-641, 645-647, 658-661, 666-668. Unfortnnatt'ly he does not discuss the several passages. / i li 1 I I I CRITICAL APPENDIX 1 G. ]\ronk snys : " Fortasse legendum irarepa re, ypatdv 6\ -ij (Tij) €. /x. Nee tameii niutatio necessaria est : luediam enini copulani intenlum supprinii monet Porsonus ad Med. 750." To this Hermann answers : " Fallitur Monkius et coniectura sua et defensione vul- gatae. Noil tria, amici, et pater, et mater, commemo- rantur, sed omnes comprelienduiitur amicoriuii nomine, quorum deinde exempla afferuntur, et ea quidem, in quibus max i me conspici debuerit, quid valeret amici tia." But if TToiVTa^ cfycXovs be meant to include both friends and relations, the apposition of the names of relations merely is, to say the least, disturbing and confusing ; and if, on the other hand, Travra? (f^tkovs denote only rela- tions, then the apposition of but tivo such to Travras is fairly comic. However, Hermann's defence, lame as it is, seems to be the only one possible, if we retain the vulgate. Nauck {Eur. Stiidd, ii. p. 49) well says : " Die Worte Tr(iT€f)a y€f)(udv re fiijrepa konnen nach deni Zusammen- liange nur als Apposition zu Travra? cjuXovs genommen werden ; dass es aber vollkommen sinnlos ist Travras €TLKT€ fiijT€paJ* This, of course, makes ifjiXovs mean * friends ' in the strict sense, excluding relations. The truth of the matter seems to be that some one, actor or editor, missing an explicit reference to the parents in the prologue and tinding no allusion to * friends ' in the sequel, took t Aois in the special sense of 'relations' and manufactured v. 16 to render that sense unmistakable. In doing this, however, he overlooked the absurdity of such an apposition after Trarra?. With V. 16 omitted, Travras f/)/'Aors means, as it should, *all those that come under the denomination (/)tAot/ i.e, both friends and relations. This is rendprorl Qufticiently clear by the following yvvacKos. 31. Nauck's arguments against the genuineness of this V. (Enr, Studd. ii. p. 50) are pretty convincing. dcfjopL^iU fievo's, * marking off as one\s own demesne' (**deter- minans, limitibus circumscribens," as Hermann renders), and Karairavujv, ^bringing to a complete close,' are the worst of bad yoke-fellows. " Die Hiiufung d(j>opi^6fi€vos Kal /caTaTrai'wv," says Nauck, " ist am einfachsten daraus zu erklaren, dass der erste Ergiinzer zwischen zwei Verba die Wahl licss. Den Betrug zu entdecken wiirde uns weniger leicht geworden sein, wenn es hiesse dcfjavL^iov KciL Karairaviov, aber audi in dieser oder einer ahnlichen Gestalt waren die Worte nur stcirend, nnd es kann daher ihr Ursprung nicht zweifelliaft sein." 132 sqq. Mokler {Euripidea, p. 42), thinking the verses lacunose but not otherwise corru])t, supplies thus : irdPTa yap y ['XPV^] ^V reT^XeaTaL ^acn.\ev(n [t^Xt; ], irdvTLOv bk 0€u>p [ela ] iwl ^wfxoLS ai/j.6ppavT0i KT€. " y XPV^y" says he, " entnehme ich den Scholien : a c^et 7roi€U', T€T€X€(TTat ' ASfjiyTM [but that looks to a XPV^']y T€kii = sacra, 0]>fer, OplV'rbninchc W.-ihoi, dem Sprach- H 'l I gebrauch der Tragikor. S. Eur. Hipp. 25, Med. 1382, Fragm. 329, 6." etV before eVt seems a probable sup- plement ; the rest I cannot think highly of 204 sq. Monk regards Elmsley's conjecture that a v. liMS been lost here as probable. Hermann writes jrapec- fiivy Sy X€ipo^ dOXiov f3dpo/>twi', AIAAOXOYC having, he thinks, fallen out after ANACXOY. He compares v. 655. My own conjecture is sufficiently defended from the point of view of sense and context in the Ex])lanatory Notes. The palaeographical explanation is simple, viz. that cr was written but once instead of twice (TaarefiiDv), a common source of error ; and that minuscule /x and fS were confused, as in Bacch, 25 (where the MSS. give peXos) and Phoen. 882 (opposite corruption, ftfXyj where we should read /xcA?;). 312. The question touched upon in the Critical Notes, Why should this v., obviouslv a slied the place of the proper v. and was modiHed to fit the con- text. This latter view is, in effect, that of :\rekler (Eunpidea, i^x 21-24), who (without much plausibilitv) suggests that the original form of v. 312 was this: hv KavTos ai*J^et /cat 7r/)oo-o>—iv SecTrvot^ l? V7r,p7rXyj6pu)^ | rovvetSos i)yov no p.€divri Tov Xoyov, I Kdyto rd piv k^lvolv Irepiropyv, ktL In this scene we note that there is an cAcyxo? of the parents (in a different sense from that in the Alcestis) though this is i>erhap3 of no great moment The most important feature of the passage for the present purpose seems to lie in the excellent opportunity offered to a poet, treating the story of Oedipus on lines similar to those followed by Sophocles, of inserting in such a V. L CRITICAL APPENDIX 67 narrative an effective address on the part of the angry youth to his supposed father. This is, of course, mere conjecture, which cannot in our present state of know- ledge concerning the plot of Euripides' Oe&ipus be of any weight in deciding the question of interpolation in the AlceMu^. In support of the view that at least vv. 638 and 639 of the Alcestis are an interpolation it seems almost sufficient to quote Ion 1382 sq. : d ydp p^e 8ovXrj rvyyd- V€t T€Koi>(Td Tt9, | €vpdv KaKiov pyrip 7) (TtyCivr kdv. 1063. Nauck {Eur, Studd, ii. p. 85) thinks this v is referred to in the Hesychian gloss Trpocr/iiKTat • irpodiotKc. Whether we should restore the second person in Hesy- chius or the third person in Euripides, Nauck regards as uncertain: "sicher a1)er," he continues, ^'scheint mir dies, dass wir fiir das Trpocry'it^at der Euripideischen Hand.schriften in der Glosse des Hesychius die einzige Stutze besitzen, sofern weder das Perfectum Trpo^^typ^ai noch irgend eine Form von Trpoo-euTKio anderweitig bezeugt 1st Bei Homer findet sich ycKro in der viermal wieder- kehrenden Verbindung S^pa^ S' 'Tjlkto yvvacKt Od 8 796 i; 288, TT 157, r 31 und .Wo II. ^ 107: Kac aol CKaar jTrer^XXev, ^kto 8i OkaKeXov aiVoJ, wo auch cTTereAA, i^kto 81 mdglich ware. Die Perfectform ViKTai hat Nicander Ther. 658 sich gestattet [See Veitch, Greek Verbs, s.v. c^Vkco.] Es liegt auf der Hand dass damit die auffallige Form Tr/^oo-ryt^at bei Euripides in keiner Weise entschuldigt ist.'^ One might think, on the contrary, that the Homeric passages were quite sufficient to justify Euripides. Nor is Nauck's objection to the change of construction worthy of much consideration. He thinks, moreover, that it is probable the poet wrote /cat 8epa^ 7rpoo'€fx€p€^, the rejected Trpoo-'jc^at being due to some " learned grammarian," perhaps occasioned by a corruption such as we find in Hesychius, Trph, iXccf^ep^, tor 7r^ocre//^€/>€'9. Mekler (Euripidea, p. 44) regards Trpoa-ecKuxrTov as more probable than 7rpo(r€p.(f>€p€S. 1071. (xTTis €? (TV of the MSS. seems to demand |l 68 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS alteration to yjTtq Io-tL It remains to explain the origin of tlie corruption. This seems to me simple. A scribe after writing ^^rt? iror c? (tv shortly before (v. 10G2) inadvertently writes here V/rt? d (tv for t/tis fcrrt, and a subsequent corrector of the text corrects the grammar : the result, oo-rt? d (tv. ¥. W. Schmidt {Krit. Studd. zic den Gr. Jhrfmntiirrn, ii. pp. 27-29) in the course of a long note on this v. proposes ocrto? cl (tv. Hermann's ocTTts €t(TL, notwithstanding its popularity, seems to me only a confirmation of the fact that quandoque bonus dor- niita t — Herma n n us. 1123 sq. In favour of the reading w deoi^ rt AciVo-cu ; (jidcrix dveXTrLaTov roSe' | yvvalKa Ae^oj tiivo €/x7yi' LTtjTVfjLoj^^ the following examples may be adduced : Soph. KL 1475 (Aegisthus seeing the corpse of Clytaemnestra and recognising Orestes, whom lie had thought dead) ot/zoi, Tt \€vofirj ; TtV ayvocts ; Eur. Orest. 385 (Menelaus at sight of the suppliant Orestes) J) ^€ot, Tt Acryo^w; rlva SeSof^Ka vcprc^xur ; (note the second clause). (Jiest. 879 opw 8* ucAtttoi' (jjunrfx {Oav/x B), o pJttot w(/)€Aoi'. HrL 509 (Menelaus taking Helen for a phantom) w ^(txr(j)6p ^Ekoit?/, irefiire a(TfjLaT er/xcvT/. /o7t 1395 (Creusa at sight of the cradle) tl Srjra (fidcTfxa Tiov dveXTTurTiov opd ) I. A. 1584 «/(/. (at the ajjparition of the stag) uttus 8* €7r'/y;^7/(j-c (rr/xiTo?, | acA- TTTOV €l(7t8oi/T€9 €K' ^€(^l' TtV'O? | - fxevov TTicTTt? rrapijy. Rhes, 889 Tup/Sio Xei^irujv ToSe opa<; yap dOXia^ | €K twj/ irdpoiOev Tas 7rap€(rTioa'ayTov lyw ere irpo^ WTfpvoi^. I. T. 777 CRITICAL APPENDIX 69 lli'Aa8)y, Tt Ae^w ; irov ttoO' ovd' i^vpyfxeOa ; (followed in 780 by (0 ^cot). 7. A. 821 sq. ^) irinvi alSios, WpSe rlva Acro-o-oj TTOTC I yi'vat/ca, /lopcjjyv ciV/xtttJ (? iKirpeirrj) K€KTyjfX€vy]v ; I may add in favour of the reading tl Aet'o-o-w ; that it seems more natural after /SX^xJ/ov 8' e^ avTtjv in v. 1121.— See further Addenda to Critical Notes^, ]>. ()2. I p 1 fy EXPLANATORY NOTES I. npoAoros (w. i-76). Akistotlk (J'oeL c. 12) defines thus: earip de TrpSXoyo^ fxkv fjL^pos oXov rpayifibias to irpb xo/>ou irapodov. Ordinarily, however, the word irpoXoyos appears to have been understood as applying only to the opening speech of a play that did not (like the Supidices and Persac of Aeschylus) begin with a choral song. Cf. TTpoXoyii'ci de 'A7r6XXcji/ in the Hy})othesis, the schol. on v. 1 i^iwy iK Tou o(kov too ^Ad/JLr)Tov wpoXoyi^cL 6 ^AvdXXtJv pTjropiKCoSf and the consistent use of 7r^6Xo7os = ' opening speech* in Aristophanes' Frogs (vv. 1119, 1177, 1181, 1197, 1200, 1210, 1216, 1228, 1230, 1246). The TrpSXoyos in this sense was developed by Euripides into a formal introduction, containing the preliminary information necessary to an intelligent follow- ing of the subsequent action. It is with reference to such wpbXoyoL (often excessively genealogical) that we read in the FeVos YivpLiribov (p. viii. of vol. i. in Nauck's edition) : koX iv Tois irpoXbyois 6^ oxXrjpb^ (sc. 6 Eupnrldrjs). Aristotle in his deiinition evidently extended the popular meaning of TrpoXoyos and gave it a more scientific application in the anatomy of the drama. In the Alcestis it is noticeable that a reference to the denouement that might fall within the limits of the opening speech (see von Arnim, De Proll. Eurip. Arte et hxicrpol. pp. 24-29) is dramatically postponed to the close of the altercation between Apollo and Death (vv. 64-71), though still spoken by Apollo. The same device is found at the opening of the Troades, where also we have a dialogue between deities (see Troad. 77-97). The (TK-qvr) represents the front of the palace of Admetus, whence Apollo makes his entrance upon the Xoy^lov through 72 EURI TIDES' ALCESTIS i|i the middle door. At v. 22 lie starts to leave the stage at the spectators' left (the iiuarter of exits to or entrances from a distance), but is confronted by the aj.proaching figure of Death. Apollo needs no formal self-introduction, no "Ukuj Aios naU T7)vd€ QeacaXuiv x^^^^ (cf- Bacch. init.) or the like. He bears the ** silver bow," and his first words sufficiently indicate his connection with the house. The 'AS/xijroi' X670S was familiar among the Athenians (ef. Aristoph. Fcsp. 1238 and the schol. ad loc,), 1. 'n 8if' ^A\^^av5pov Trapa, | 'Hpa KvTTpis T€ Aioyev-qs re irapdivoSf \ fiopcprjs 64\ovorts the genuine- ness of V. 26.) Notice also in Bcvcch. 35 sq. Trdv rb drjXv (rwipfxa KaSyLtetW, 6(rai \ yvvatKes ^dpPovv : the verb properly signifies ' to pasture cattle ' (^oGs (pepiSeiv^ hoves jmsccre) ; then, owing to the great value and prominence of neat-cattle (eV tov KaXXiareuovTos ^c^ov, Tov poosy as the scholiast says), it is used in the general sense of //e'/xeij/. Cf. V. 572, where Apollo is said to have been jjtrjXoi^d- Ataj, 'a shepherd of sheep.' The scholium adds : Kai hovKoXiKa emy^ypaTTTaL rd QeoKpirov Kai Tr]v ' kpKabiav ^ovuo/llov irpoaayo- pei'ova-L, Kairoi ov iiovov avTrjv poes Karev^fiovTo, oVtu) di 5i€ix€ to ^ifov iucTTe Kal t6 iwirocpop^eip povKoXeiv ^Xeyov ' tov TpiaxtXiai iTnroL ^XosKdra ^ovKoXeouTo' [Horn. T 221]. Cf. IwTro^ovKdXoi in Phoen. 27 and the statement in Hom. B 7(36 about the mares of Eumelus, ras eV Urjpfirj dp^xp' dpyvpoTo^os 'AttoXXuu. iiv(o : dat. of interest, as with other expressions of service. 9. ^crw^ov : imperf. with reference to the continued care of the god which has just (is tu8' ij^epas) come to a close. Similarly c^ov(p6p^ovv of his term of service. This service should doubt- less be understood to have lasted a year (cf. IIlpp. 37). A parallel appears, at the opening of Aeschylus' Aifavumnoii, in the case of the ^i^Xa^, who is just finishing his "year-long watch." ^ The ierminus ad quern of the action of such strictly durative imperfects is often formed, from Homer on, by an aorist Here, pending the statement of v. 22 sq., or rather in default of a more formal statement that his period of service and help has reached its close, Apollo limits the action of the two NOTES 75 r II I imperfs. by es Tob' ripiepas. Hermann's statement '' €poy(f>6p^ovv et ^au^oi' imperfecta, quia adhuc serviebat Admeto " is, there- fore, incorrect. Is T<58* Tiiiepas : cs roSe with a part. gen. is like co with gen. in Latin, and Toabvb' is v^-^s m Soph. El. 14. Though r^^xipa has been held to assume in this phrase somewhat the sense of Xpovos, or (we might say) to be used collectively, such an inter- pretation is hardly necessary. *To this very hour' (or with the imperf. as here 'till just now'), said with emphasis, reproduces its force. Cf. the emphatic protestation of innocence in Hipp. 1003 X^x^^^ yap is t65' 7)pipas dyvbv difxas ('pure to this very moment '). 10. 6 I icrdXCiP Kvprjaeis. '' iTvyxavop autem imperfecto tempore positum est, quod per omne tempus, quo Apollo apud Admetum morabatur, cadem inter se pietate utebantur " (von Arnim, J)e Proll. Eiirip. Arte et Interpolatione, p. 48). The use of the same adjective to describe the character of both god and man sets the two in a certain degree on an equality. It IS hi'di praise for Admetus and is the first artful touch of the ])oet1n the delineation of his character. Cf. further vv. 42 (ipiXov dpbpbs), 568 sqq.y 604 sq. 11. 8v 0av£tv €ppv\rY€iv : for the construction see Goodwin, M. mid T. §§ 100, 136, 752. Note the success implied in the aorist here. 14. 8i.aXXd|avTa : virtually a condition, et StaWa^ftf*'. We have dyitei/ietf in v. 46 in the same sense as 5ta\\dv : a metaphor derived fron'i the examination of persons in court. Ste^t^yai implies a full and minute examination ; iX^yx^f-f is frecjuently used in the sense of proving one guilty by question. Sie^eXOuv, as descriptive of the preliminaries of the Ae7xos, should naturally ])recede here. Cf. Hipj). 1022 sqq. et /jl^v yap rjv fjLOL /xaprvs ol6s et/x' ^70^, | Kal TTJad* 6p(jO(n)s (p^yyos rjyojvL^d/jLrjv, \ fpyot^ hv cldes tovs KaKovs Sie^nbv (where ipyois elSes = ijXfy^as). Ale. 640 ^Sft^a? fis fXeyxov i^eXddv 6s el is a backward glance at the present passage. <|>iXovs includes blood-relations here, as often ; see L. and S. ^.r. Cf. the use of * friends ' in dialectic Eng. 17. ovx T^vpc irX^v : ir\7)v ( = Eng. * but ') is used both as con- junct, and as prep., commonly after neg. expressions. Cf. CjcL 134, 594, Rhes. 173. 6^p€Lv, and (popelv. It denotes the lifting of something inert, whether of one picking up a lock of hair (Soph. EL 905), of the slave raising his master's passive hand to his lips (Aesch. Ag. 34 sq. ; cf. Soph. Phil. 657 of Neoptolemus doing homage to the bow), or of the bridegroom holding up the bride's unresisting hand i^Alc. 917 ; of. Acsch. Ag. 34 sq.) ; also the supporting of a dead weight (as here), the carrying of a corpse to burial (v. 724 ; cf. iK^pwv in v. 716 ; Soph. A7. 1129 of Electra carrying the supposed cinerary urn), the testing of the weight of an object— * hefting* it (cf. Cgd. 379 sq. 5l I «? (rapKOS elxou €irrp€ayri \ vir^ax^'^' ^^ "^S^' Vf^^f^ X«V^**' t^''^^ I aifv trot. 21. irerrpwrai : 'is fated' ; cf. v. 147 {TreTrpufx^vr} rj/x^pa) and V. 695 (TreTTpw/xeVr; rvxv)- The double expression 6ave7v kol /j.€Ta(TT7JvaL piov is intended to enhance the pathos of the premature death by dwelling on the life that is abandoned ; cf. v. 18. On similar apparant tautologies cf. the debate between Aeschylus and Euripides in Aristoph. Han, 1138 sqq. With fjLeraffTijvaL [iiov cf. Jlltes. 295 JJ.€T^0iv<$VTa)v : with reference to the sacrificial act described in v. 74 sqq. (pdivovrcov is obj. gen. els "AtSov SdpiGvs = close of v. 73. 26. V-OO^ix, Kardjctv: on this periphrasis see Goodwin, M. and T. %% 73-76. fi^XXu) varies as much in force as Eng. ' I am going to.' It is a verb in which the ideas of 'must,' 'i^hall,' and 'will' seem hopelessly blended. Here it = * intends. * ^vfi^crpos 8 a<}>CK€To: cf. Soph. Ant. 387 iroiq. i{>txfieTpos irpoufirjp rvxv j and 0. T. 84 ivfJLjuLerpos yap ws KXveiv. 27. 4)povpu)v t68* Tjjiap : imperf. part., 'after long watching for the coming of this day.' For the coupling of imperfect (durative) and aoristic (consummative) expressions see on v. 9. —(ppovpdv in the sense of waiting for an opportunity is like v\dT|XavTt : it seems more natural that after the infin. 5ia/cci>\iVat and between boX'nj) and t^x^V ^'i^ P<^<^t should write ff(p7)XavTa^ as suggested in the Critical Notes. The expression ' having tripped up ' refers apparently to the intoxication referred to in Aesch. Einn. 728 (quoted on v. 12). €irl Tf|8' : virtually equivalent to vir^p rrjcrbe (cf. /. A. 91. "i sq. t)v bk ToXfirjarjs av fxov \ x^V I'Tf^preivai, aeaujaiicO'). Cf. below viri(jT7)= 'exposed herself to the descending blow.' 35. x^P^ — <^povp€ts is a * pregnant ' ex])ression, a bit of poetic boldness, (ppovpeh is here = ^xfis (retVas) NOTES 81 ditterent sense of povp€7u in v. 27.) ct>povpds byrXiaas is thus to be conipared with the familiar (particularly Sophoclean) peri- phrasis of ^xeLP with the aorist part, for an Euripidean instance of vyhich see Med. 33. There is a certain interlocking of words here To^^prj being somewhat proleptic (anticipatory of 07rXL(Tas).~C(. in art the attitude of Apollo in the west pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia. ^ 36 sq It might seem more natural if we had ijns vw^arv woaju tKXvaai \ irpoBavova avTrj, lUX. irah: but the text can, I think be sufficiently defended, rbb' (for which Elmsley, followed by Monk, wrote rbr) is supported by Matthiac from Hipp 460 {rdp, 4/5 [rdb^ 1298 .s^. [dXV h t68' ^Xdov, nacdbs €Kd€i^ai (fypeva \ rov aou diKaiai^), Androin. 370 sq. (Tade), Heracl 351 sq. (rovOr Add Med. 972 sq. (rovbe) and particularly Ale. b48 sq which, with the restoration of KarOai^eip, forms perhaT)s the best parallel to the passage under discussion. With tKXvaaa --Trpoeai^eii' cf. vv. 282-4: eKXvaaaa suggests freeing a captive from bonds ; cf. v. 984 5^. ^ avT^-ITcXi'ov irats : sc. oiVa ; cf. note on eyw and Oebs vep T jy^'- 1 and 2). For the emphatic ai'rr; cf. Med. 980 sq. ^avdq. 5 afxcpi Kb^q. Br^aeL rbv "Ai5a | KOfffxov avrd x^poLv. There seems to be a grim admiration for Alcestis's heroism even on the part of Thanatos. For the father's name added as a mark of honour see Hdt. 6, 14 Kai L (the loyal Samian captains at Lade) TO KOLvbv tQ)v Za/zt'o;;/ ^5w/ce bid tovto rb irpriy/xa h aTrjXri avayparivaL irarpbdev Cos dvbpddi dyaOoiai yepofi^yoLat, and Mein s note ad loc. For the pathetic emphasis at the close of the speech cf. /. T. 235 (tkvtttovxop 'Opearau (also anapaestic). W itli lUXtov irah cf. further v. 82. 38. 0dp•- .^,i^^ ,„ f X^uu pralter ius f usque rS!h It S>%*: If vltr: ^'sonUat si,„i,a.. ni effect is Kai—5e. '^.\^7u with l)otli ^po 42. ,ap: 'yes; f-:(VMi?°^-^felSi t'^lLjecedin, (^e) misfortunes you kno^v 4 . ^^ ^^ ,,,^ ,t of some query, minus «Siica.5. 1 '■'^ *f , * ^ i,e,.e 3ii m^ force eve^^^^^ ^^^^ f own statement (ct. ^"^X"!! i"^' /^^^ ,;, ^p^, ^ia. ff in- qnalifying pia. by r- J''^itf^Jcees«aO' after ,-. in v. 43. tioduces a pronoun that i^ 1"'*^ '"7;*=^% ^69. On irpb, pia^ «' cannot be adequately supported tiom v d». cf. 7Xm. 730, 753. The phrase=^(» (^. 69). _ 45. o«v : ' then.' ' if what you say be really so. KATa,xeovo«: <=f- ^X „sed with expressions of rest, Kara 'jaSe^reLi!::.s':f"b:i rest an] motion-particularly '':rM+«: part, implying manner and explaining the .., "^ trt:: It not for the metre .0 should e.n«et rather ^'"''^* ' . . r Afi iR*^ The r>04, Horn, i' 133. In |jLrra. 'after' ; cf. vv. 66, 4^.3, t'cc .>v-*, the same sense iirl in v. 74. NOTES 83 47. Kttl — yc (■(. on V. 41. v€pT€pav vrrb x^ova : cf. v. 237, If. F. 335, fnuj. 454. 48. &v, wliich belongs strictly to weiaat/jLL, attaches itself to ol8a, as it commonly does to ol/xat when the latter is followed l»y an orat. obliq. inf. = opt. In the present case too (1 = ' whether,* and the opt. is potential ; so that the parallel is close. The exi)ression reappears in Med. 941 ovk old' ^u el TTCtVat/u, Tr€LpdaOaL 8^ XPV' 49. Thanatos ironically supplies the close of the interrupted remark. The ye points the sarciism. 8v &v xpTJ : generic. Instead of the Slv with subjunct. we might liave tlie generic rel. with the indie, and in.stead of the simple rel. followed by Slv and the subjunct. we might have the generic rol.with the same concomitants — the last being strictly a redundancy. TovTo : ace. of inner object (cognate) = TaiV7;»' ttju rd^ip. The metaphor is from posting soldiers. Yoip : cf. on v. 42. 50. oijK : 'no,' an abbreviation of ovk ^ctlv. 'not .so.' On oiV, ctW cf. CijcL 553. Tots p.€XXovas in another sense sec /.. 56 VPavs 6\T,Tac : sc. o.Va ^ "AX.^^r.s Schol. fy^f'"" i, 'LT^^%orl / r6. .6^0.- Cf. n. ou t6. ^^6. in v. 3. 58. ,r«s €tiras; a common formula when one does not catch the meaning (emphasis on irws). AXXa strongly adversative; i) strongly en.phatic ; Kal ' besides (your other qualities). ...UK rpf to dialectic skill and JS^ ■ l^dianrr ^■•'Quld^? tf -^^istes. insciis nobis. eras : nq ok irdp€(rTi = oi €Xoyr€S (cf. v. 57), oi TrXoPcrtm. This trrSi «5 .^3|;i ™u«.;- f;,'-^^ s- ^ sir:;, x: = .:iK-u /»^^^^^ rhla\irn.n=r(''Kf a"M> 'i"^^^^^^^^^ mortis moras") shows that he understood the v. as U it naci Tpllol^^XthL he himself advocated that reading or not. fiO Tn writin- o^k oOv I have followed the example o Elmsiey%hosap (on HeracL 25. [o^.]) : ''Disenmen quod NOTES 85 inter ovkovv et oijKovv statuunt grammatici, verissimum est, si Plutarchi aut Luciani scripta pro verae Graecitatis norma accipiantur. Apud veteres Atticos utraque particula semper propriam suam significationem servat. Ego ubique ovk oZ'v scribo, adhibita, prout opus est, vel omissa interrogatione." T^ivSc xdptv : sc. ypavv dX^aBai tt]v "AXKrjariv, For the phrase dovpat x^P*-^ cf. Orest. 104. 61. *No indeed! And you know my character (and so know that I mean what I say).' 62. 7c may here be rendered ' yes ' ; lit. ' hostile certainly (whatever else I may know about it).' Note the chiasmus, alliteration, and sigmatism (a hiss of loathing) in this v. 0€ots: dat. of interest like dv-qToh,— 'to the heart of the gods.' AVitli deoh arvyov/jL^vovs cf. Orest. 19 t7)v deoh (TTvyov- ixh>r)v. Cf. also Aesch. Prom. 37, Eur. /. T. 948. 63. d ^i\ ; and substantiates it by the antecedent (v. 65 W) Cf on v^ 332 57. -The sentential structure of vv. 64-69 lias a close parallel in Aesch. Protu, 918-923. *tfl-L. 'is coniiiu',' one of the few survivals of what must once^:avo berconUon in Greek, as in other languages-a present made to do duty as futuiv. 66 sn Eipvo^leu.s ir^ii+avros : loosely construed senitive l.artti'^l-ph?ase of cause (source), comn.only called genit.ve absolute.' Wcov -6x^»^a: < equestrian vehicle' = etpMa, -a bit of ^7-^ see on v. 1 . ^xtiK-a = Fdxv^a, rehiculum, ^ira : see on v. 46. ^ ,r;btt'Twasl\dy toTflfniliar to the Athenians that had it'cu service at the northern military po^tiu 08, 8s 8^ J«v(«>6«Xt : we on v. f.. 09. PCS^ : cf. irpbi (Hay in v. 4 1. itavp^crcrai : with the idea of tM^^^ out of on.'* h.nda^ cf. V 847 s J. \V'' thul a somewhat siniiUr v. in /. ^. Vi-«. ' 70 m oiJe' e' : mquc -./. *no<-«but/ joi in ir^" intTO- duces the comdu.Hion, 4nd ho.' F.>r re in the jjccond memlnT with a^ in the third ,cf. AV.s. 670 ^. -^^ ^jj^^;;;j ^ *- vdpts ; * tho gratitu ^^ked In v. 00. Cf. Cycl. 049. ^Mw»' Hccina to uiclod^ iuoUt : * all the .same/ a not iufnvpioni Atacbjiciui um^ , t?f. tlie common rt^a)«. TavTtt : i.<-. * that you have he»i . ^aot : dat. of intercut ; cf. v. 6?. The H !«rt wiphail^ here on hin private and i)er8onal huu. I„asnm.h «» Ki.chholf. Na«ek.«.d W'« folj^ W. DM in rcitardine vv. 70-71 «» Rl'""""*- ' H""** 'I" 'V'*^* ISla 1 ,h. suS't "Tarn oonfn.0 ct inc,.te H""");!*- ^'^'^J^ ,crl.endun. Vonjecit, llorculcn, 1"', - . . A"'^^-,! .ninimnllo ina^b o,m« erat .,.:.-, »••» ^^^J '^"'^.i verbis iircx^')"" t' ♦>«« dicni, uhi i *•• t ot«x*«»«« j>«» dUi debebat \1:niif.-.tun, mihi vllotur HXt»m >«m » r XOTKS 87 grammatico esse adjectum, qui quod cogitaverat dpdaa^ re ravra direxOTjaei ifxol metro utcuuque aptavit, loquacitate autem sua non auxit, sed magnopere debilitavit praecedentium vim dic- torum Apollinis, quae aptissime concluduntur gravibus his miuacibusque verbis ^iq. yvvatKa T-qvbe c i^aLprjaeTai.'' Apollo probably passes off the stage at this point. 72. &v — &v : common repetition ; the former Slu is antici- patory with the protasis. It would naturally follow Xf^as, but prefei-s the emphatic ttoWci, just as in the apodosis Slv prefers the negative ov5^u to the verb. irXtov Xdpois : irX. \aix^6.vuv is to ' gain ' ('take or receive more), not to ' gain more.' 73. T| 8' ovv Y^v-^ : ' but she certainly— the woman (however it may be with Admetus).' ovv: y€ :-. certe : quidem. The formula 5* oZv is very common, in the sense here given, in Attic Gk. — e.g. in Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 12 Kal iX^yero Kvpifj douvai XP^^ra »oX\«. ry ^' pfr (' at all ereiitt/ irlictJKT sU*-. ^w*- him money or not) ^tf/ari^ rirrt dwiS<»t.K€ Kvp^^ pua(^i/9 r^Trn^-w/ f^i\^u.'^. For ^ ovy after a nog. s^^iil, cf. Iwi 407 5y. K^nurait - pt(\\fi nan^roA. cf. v. cJ.'i. iai. The latter ix ])r< .* a mere Miortative ' miV . in a detxrudcnt clause. * KaTapY< |wrty of/ tA¥ kotA x^^^ ^♦^ J ^'^ aLos) and the semi-choruses (or their leaders) I am not able to agree with him or with Arnoldt in every detail. I would assign the irpoi^bLKbv (vv. 77-85) to the whole Chorus ; vv. 86-111 to the leaders of the semi-choruses ; vv. 112-121 to the first, and vv. 122-131 to the second semi-chorus ; vv. 132- 135 to the full Chorus ; and lastly vv. 136-140 to the Kopv{Xwv : * no one of friends either.' The absence of servants from the doors, as well as the stillness, is implied in the preceding v. On dXX' ovbk cf. v. 44. TrcXas : archaic and poet, for irX-qaiov. 80. So-Tts &v €l'7roi: 'who (generic rel. after neg., cf. on v. 17) haply might tell' {i.e. if present, el TrAas et-q). The opt ^!'m? 1 ^rT^' ' P^t^»tial ' ' the element of desire, however, can still be felt. Cf. on ^l6\oi v. 52. Tlie 6.v naturally attaches itself (as an original indefinite adv. of manner ?) to oVris. Cf. Hcl 435 sq. TLS &p TTvXwpds U 56/xiop /jidXoL, | dVris dLayyeiXeie rdfl* etaia Aa/cd ; Note the emphatic position of (bOLLih-nv and Irda each at the head of its clause. v- a* / so-, 82 (fxSs XcJcrcrct : the dearne.ss of the light of the upper world IS constantly dwelt upon by Greek writers- cf v 18 and particularly vv. 205 sq., 244 sqq. The enjoyment 'of a light like that of the upi)er world is a privilege of the blessed (lead; cf. Aristoph. Ran. 155, where Dionysus is told bv Heracles of the meadow of the Mystae : 5^et re 0a)s KdXXtarou 83. dpicTTT] : used again of Alce.stis, with enhancing aeV, in vv. 742 and 899. s ^ r , 85. avTfp : the loyalty of Alcestis to her husband is em- l)hasised ; cf. rod idiov dvdp6s in the Hypothesis. Y67€vfitir6Xu>v : archaic and poetic for dcpairaLvCjv. 90. l irviXas: 'on either side the doorway,' like (TTadfxoup fKCLTepOe, Horn. <* 19. 91 sq. €l yap I €1 V dp)— 4>avcCT]s : fervent prayer in which the opt. appears as a precative. Such exin-essions should not be confounded with protases of which the apodosis has been suppressed, el, though it came to be regarded as an hypo- thetical particle, .seems rather to have been originally an interjection; cf. ela, eUv. The W- protasis in conditional sentences with the opt. developed from the wish introduced by et, not vice versa. See L. Lange's great work, Der Homerischc (rebranch drr Vartlkel EI, and Brugmann in Midler's Hand- huch,- ii. p. 192. |i€TaKvjjn.os dras : "amid the waves of doom.' The gen. depends perhaps upon the substantive KVfxaTa imjdied ; but cf. fjL€Ta^v with the geii. The idea of a ''.sea of troubles" {kuk^v HXayos) is familiar in Euripides and was apparently derived by him from Aeschylus ; cf. Aesch. Pers. 433, Eur. Hipp. 8'22, //. F. 1087, SuppL 824. Such a metaphor from the .sea is natural to Athenian and Elizabethan Englishman alike. (Cf. Wilamowitz's note on //. F. 1087.) In the present passage the Healing God {i¥aidv) may be conceived as a beacon-lighl appearing to storm-tossed mariners ; cf. Med. 482 dveaxov ffoi 0dos auT-npLoi', and Soph. 0. T. 80 sq., where I would read uj^/a^ "AttoWoi/, €1 yap iv ti'xv 7^' '^V I (^^^^tVP (pavdi)^ Xa^ird^ wjTrep 6fxiuLa(7iv. Perhaps, however, the reference may be to a port, though that is not so consistent with the charaeter of the God of Light ; cf. Aadrom. 891 sq. w vain-iXoajL x«^M<^^os Xt/xr^j/ (pai^eis, I Wya,u€iuLyoi'os Tra?. 91 again 93. 0^ tB.v^oi"' Toi au. The a;' attaches itself to a neo-. our ^ €critG7ra)v : ideal imperf.-" ?/iOf/«s irrealis." The in-otasis is contained in (pei/Mvrjs. 94. ov— 8^ : 'not already." almost -oi<' ttw 'not yet.' <^pov8iSs yt: 'really gone." With 4>povdos for 7rp6o5oy cf (ppoLfXLOu lor irpooifXLov. 9.5. TToGcv; ' how do you know r (' whence [do you get v information] ? '), a colloquialism ; cf. v. 781. ovK avxov: 'a funeral without mourners,' like ip-ha-n OLKT), 'a suit without a defendant ' (as in Thuc. 6, Gl, 7). K€8vifi: a homely old word; cf. 'goodwife.' Tlie Germ tuc/Uii/ .seems to give the sense of the word more nearly than anything in English. Td<{>os : here 'interment' (ra09}i/), concrete for abstract ; cf. Ihuc. 2, 34, 5 e/caVwi/ d^ StaTrpeTrrj Tr]v dp€Tr]v Kpivavres avroO (sc. Mapaeu)VL) Kai top rd(pov iirolyjaav (wliere the word may be either abstiact or concrete, tliough probably the latter) with 2 35, 1, where rbv rdcpov is abstract, and 2, 34, 1, where we find ^7J^lO(Jlg. ra0ds iTroLr)(TavTo. Tap€vwv : cf. Med. 55. 109. 8iaKvatop.€vu)v : 'are breaking,' as a spear breaks; cf. Aesch. Ag. 65 sq. diaKvaiofjL^vTjs — Ka/jiaKos. The gen. is properly one of source with a verb of emotion. 111. xP^o'Tos: here=' loyal.' Cf. Soph. O.T. 385 ov^ dpxv^ oiPov irais : sc. 'Acr/cXT^TTios ; cf. vv. 3 sq. Instead of irpoXnrovo-'—fjXeev we should expect something like op-qyayep (^aaiXetap {"AXKyjanp). The anacoluthon is all the harsher on account of the emphatic position of p.6pos at the head of the period. Note how in the text as here restored ^5/)as (tkotIovs answers to ?5pas dpybpovs in the corresponding v. of the strophe. For similar minute correspondences between strophe and anti- strophe, which are one of the traditions of Greek choral poetry, cf. the earliest examples in Aesch. Sup}}!, vv. 41 and 48 (eTTi/ce/cXoM^va— e'TTtXe^a/xtVa), 59 and 64 {oXktop dtcjp—olKTOp ■qO^i^p), 102 and 110 (-Tras edpdpup d0' dypQp— -ras 5' dirdrap ^leraypovs), 111 and 122 (Trct^ea /xAea Opeofx^pa X^yw—epayia riXea 7r€Xofi^pu)P /caXcDs), 113 sq. and 125 sq. (ir) im | i-n- — lu) 1(1), I ioj). 127. SjiaO^vTas : cf. /. T. 199, Soph. £1. 940. 128 Sip TTp\v-d\i = 'iujs erXe. "As for wpip with the indie, It IS commonly stated that it occurs chiefly after negative clauses. That is true, but it is somewhat confusing to ffnd it used in affirmative sentences in Thucydides and Euripides. Ihe fact IS that the indie, is not a legitimate construction unless Trp^p IS used in a sense which is equivalent to ^ws ' until.' This, though clearly recognised in some grammars, is not universally recognised. When this condition fails, then the infinitive must be used " (Gildersleeve, Avier. Journ. Philol. ii. p. 469). AtopoXov -n-XfiKTpov : cf. Mov irvphs in v. 5 and kt^'ttos d(paTos 65e AiofioXos Soph. U. C. 1464. 94 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS 129. TfXfiKTpov : here (with di6(:^o\ov) = ffK7jTrT6s. In i/. F. 351 it appears in its ordinary sense—' the instrument nsed ior striking the chords of the lyre.' For other senses of TvXt^Krpov see L. and S. nuh voc. mipos Kcpavvtov : cf. v. 5 and dcTpairTjtpopit) Trvpl Bacch. 3. l:il. irpo05 6\ou Tpa7v5t'a5 rb fxera^v 6\uu xopLKUP fieXwv. The term seems to reter NOTES 95 primarily to the entrance of a new character u])oii the scene (cf. iir€Lopa^7rpoo-7J/coj'Ta, wpewovTa, 'what should be done under the circumstances,' *due rites.* 149. KocfAos y €Toip.os: 'the \wAtos (including robe and 96 EUKIPIDKS' ALCESTIS jewellery, also proKaMy vases, XrjKvOot) is certainly (7^ ^'cady (whatever may be the case with other preparations for the funeral). For the meaninf? of KdafMos of. Jmlrom. 147 sq. Kbcyiov fxev dficpl Kparl xP^'a^^s x><^^n^ I (TToXfioi' re x/>^r6s t6v5c TroLKi\(j3v TriirXiov. ^ : sociative dative ('with '-dative, which is also dat. of means and instrument), as is shown by aw in avvBd^l/ci. 150. vw: nearly = oiV, 'if that be the case,' * under those circumstances' (cf. »/iV:^'iu the present case,' 'under these circumstances '). •yc : ' really,' enhancing evKXerjs. KOLrQavov[i.ivt] : oratlo obliqua with i'trro;. AVith ciVXeT^s — KaTdavovp-ht) cf. Hq^p, 1299 ws utt' emXeias 0dvy. 151. Cf. JTlpiK 848 sqq. AiTres Aittcs, w (f>i\a \ yvvatKCiv dpiara d' OTrdaas opq. [Weil for €op^] \ 067705 d^Xlov r€ Kal \ vvKrbs darepujirdu crAas. uaKpui: 'by far,' enhancing the superlative like longe ; cf Soph. Ant. 895, Kur. Bacch. 1234 (/xa^py at the end of the trimeter in both cases). 152. The maid replies with some heat to the rather formal expressions of the Coryphaeus. For the force of rrws ovk cf. Aristoph. Ean, 739. 153 sq. T^v vircpPcpXt^p.cvTiv ^y^vaiKa : the article with reference to the imaginary individual, 'that (ideal) woman.'^ "The generic article presents us with the model individual (Gildersleeve, Am-. Jouni. PhiloL iii. p. 438). vrrcpPcpXtiji^vTiv (to be taken as middle and = T;Tis hu vtrep^e^Xv/^tvy) v) ^^ '^ natural metaphor from shooting with the bow ; cf. Aesch. Supp. 473 ^liafffi' Af^as ovx virepro^cvai^ov. 4v8€C|aiTo: 'show in (something),' 'evince by 'some act'; cf. ivopdv. 155. upoTtp.dv \ i^paidpvvau ( = xJt ^^T^r'^Pr T ^^^'' "r''' ^^- ^^^^ Androm. 286, Hel 1383 sq. Cf. also \ irg. Aen. 4, 635 die corpus properet flumali spargere hjmplm. r r r j « KeiTUL irhp vn€(T(JL yiKvs dKXaiTos dOawTo^, where the adjs. are 99 passive as in Sophocles' imitation, Ant. 29 edu 5' &K\airrou llTl) (^7^^ved apparently by Eur. in Jlec. 30 &KXav[a]ros dracpos). For the lorm dKXavros cf. Ion 8t)9 t6kovs iroXvKXav- rous and CycL 633 .aur6. ^oxXo.. On the two fornL L Wos and ^aai^os cf. Jebb's note on Ant. 29. The form with a is egitimate, but that without a seems better supported. A sequence of three adjs. with a-priv. occurs in Om/. 310. 174. jAce^cTTTi: 'did it begin to change' (cf. dpvV with a nega ived aonst), 'could it change.' ^'^ Tke natural tense L used f ith \/' ^^'' "'"f • P'' ^^"^^^ «^ continuance are used with the neg. only when there is a notion of opposition to the positive, of resistance to pressure. So in our language, as it is far less rich in forms than tlie Greek or even the Latin, we introduce words of will and effort to express the effect of the negative with tlie impf. in Greek ; o^x etXol take (Gildersleeve, Am. Journ. Philol. ii. pp. 4G6-7). ' Y^'^.t'T^t'^T''' • /"•'^t^"*^l complexion ' ; cf. Bacch. 438 ovb' 175. edXajxov ^(nrccrovo-a Kal X^x^s : a rather loose, but highly picturesque expression for 'rushing into ' Iier chamber c . interiora domus inriimpit limina, Virg. Aen. 4, 645), and ^llmging herself upon 'the bed (cf. hicubuit toro, Y;^^ Aen. 176. IvTavOa 8^ : ' there at last ' ; much like turn demum. t. J^'^^'P''*^' ^ ingressive, 'burst into tears,' 'gave way to 177. "TrapGcvci' : sc. ^wixara. €Yc6 : delicately emphasising her willing submission. 179 sq. ydj>: giving the reason for the friendly farewell Xa^pe was not so colourless and trite as 'good-bye ' or ' farewell ' 8' k^\ : preferable to 5^ ^le. The pronoun can hardly escape emphasLs. -In saying that the bed his 'lost her only ' Alcest^s recognises her insignificance as compared with Admetus. The preservation of the man and king is of paramount importance. upo8ovvat : that is, by failing in the loyalty of self-sacrifice. \\ nil dKuovaa irpoSov^ai cf. Heracl. 28 6kpQu Trpobovvat and 245 irpob q. 6kv(^ I LK^ras -rrpodovpai. 181 sq. K€KTi^"t .lue here to Acschy us ; cf. Uo. l':J'ov M%piSos, auX I'crs. 133 «,. U.rpa-.if.^Xara. daKpvfJLadLV. 64>eaXaoT€YKTu, : apparently aw. X67.. -perhaps an Aeschy- lean word. irXtiHiavpCs (also pax^a, Ion. hx^v) i« th(3 flood tide ; ^A^Trcm the J^!^ There is but little tide on t - O^k ^^^^^^ ^^ notices of tides in certain parts see Hdt. /, 198 (Malis) , H.l^J Kllene). wX^vpls { = 7raX.pp6e.o. Ku^a) occurs once in Honi. (t 486). 1 85 8aKp^o)v : gen. of source or cause ( = SaKp^i^y) with ^ayv KSpov^iKopMv. This is better than the construction daKpvi.. Kbpov, on account of ttoWCjv. 186. TTpovw-rr^s : cf. v. 143. CKir€0-ov' dere de). NOTES 101 '//- 190 sq. Xa^pavouo- -^.nrd^T" dXXor dXXov : fiXXor" fiXXo.. «as not nec.ssaniy „„i,lied i„ the irnpeif. ; for that tense is durative, not iterative. Still it is often the case that the dura iveis used as an iterative where the context makes he 1 era ive sense plain. Here even without dXXor' dXXo. we should hardly fail to interpret rightly. «s eavovi^ivTi : ' manifesting (i,,) her sen.se of the nearness of death, apparently leelmg that she was about to die.' The constn,cti<;n IS a form of onUio obliqua ; the i. marks the ' out- SKler s |)oiiit of view. hoiLv ""^ °'"T'«- «»l'ancing rd^res,-' throughout the 194. irpovTciv" iKdoTw; cf. on v. 190 sq. 19.5. 8y : the m is expressed before (in otfns), hence the snnple rel. here. Under the force of oOro, the 4] dause is here .■■" Os ood as consecutive (result). In Hel. 501 sglX popav, the (h in ovSus renders ns unnecessary with os. (The future has no lung to do with the idea of result.) Cf t c development of the meaning of C>.re, properly rel. adv. to tie OW «j re ( = 6j). Similarly in Lat. we have a descriptive relative clau.se of result (with generic subjunctive) after a demonstrative antecedent implying quantity or quality. The 0. m o.r.s negatives the whole complex seutencl from ns to \ l^rrr ti iKuvwv .peiytia. Se^acdaL iri.\i„. Note that in v 195 the relative (as commonly) drojis out of sight in the .second nember (.ai .po..ppr,0r, .dX,.) This was natural in a langZe 11 which the relative hn.I a demonstrative origin. We need then, merely to understand oi with irpoa,ppr,dy,,not {,<(.' o6. 19" sq. 'And had he actually (ye) died, why he would meiv ly have died ; but by escaping^death) he has s^o ^ ea pa n that he never will completely (fut. perf.) forget it' Schol.'^^a" Hrowmng admirably reproduces the spirit here: ^'' Dvinff- nevi:ifrfort?'^ 'o*' |r"«', »-,- I S^-h gHef asXf 'he never will lorget. On the rel. clause see v. 195. Special rSve." " ^'"'''" *° '^'' "'«"""'' ''y P'=»""g >' beforfthe rarrt-het:r;av : a proverbial form of expression, like SvJZras rQ.dn6.r<.u in Time. 6, 13, 1. Cf. Soph. Ant. 90 (diJ.vX<^^^^ wO and 92 (Br^pau—TaMxava), <|>0Cv6t Kal jiapaCvcrai: * fades and withers.' With fxapai- veraL vbcri^ cf. v. 237. 204 ■.Tap€iu€vr, : 'limp'; cf. lo,i T207 sq. (of the ayin|,' Aof.)ioZoL\A xrjXal .a,el.a, and Orest. 881 (of the sick Orestes) irapeLfxhov v6 one of more and less." "Latin has no stnct equivalent for (bare with indie, and uses its equivalent for uKxre with int. (^^^ with subj.) for both Greek constructions." (Gilderslceve, Am. KOTES 103 Journ. riiilol. vii. pp. 162-3.) The ourws is omitted in the ante- cedent clause here, as frequently ; lience (bare alone =* so as.' 212 iraXaibs ^i\o^ : cf. v. 111. With the dat. construction liere cf. ' a friend to ' in Eng. The maid here retires witliin the palace, while the Chorus, again divided into semi-choruses, prepares for the appearance ot Alcestis and Admetus upon the scene. Vv. 238-243 are apparently spoken by the Coryjdiaeus. 213 sq. iropos rvxas : 'a way of escape from misfortune' • cf. below (v. 221) ^l'nx(^vr]v~KaK(bv. The glossing of ancient commentators, comparing v. 221 and (for KoipdvoL^) v. 210 is chiefly responsible for the corrupt traditional text here. Cf Critical Notes. 215. ii^\.a'\. = ^li\\ue^uva^, Tis : referring to Alcestis. 216. o-ToXfibv TTcirXwv : high style for TreTrXofs. Cf. v. 427. 217 sq. ^hi\: * already,' here, as often, nearly = €i)(9t;s. Cf. Ion 1229 sqq. ovk ^au€pd yap ipavepd rdS' ijorj /ere.,— apparently a reminiscence ot the present passage. Cf. also OresL 190 TrpddrjXos dp' 6 irdr/xos. OTjXa : sc. 6ti ovk &»/ yivoLTo irdpos ri/xar. 8fjXd 7€ : the ye enhances the effect of the repetition. dXX* 6p,ws : a favourite phrase with Euripides. His use of it is parodied by Aristoph. Ach. 402, 408. 219. QiSiv yap 8vvap.ts p-c-yto-ra : Monk sees here a remin- iscence of Hom. B 118 roQ (sc. Aids) yap Kpdros iarl fxiyicTov. 220. Cf. V. 91 sq. 221. KttKwv : objective gen. with firjxavdi^. 222. TToptl^c 8t| : with this appealing use of di) cf. Lat. tandem and dnm (as in ayedu77i = dy€ drj). 223. Tai8* : sc. WS^TiTip; cf. v. 221. TOVTO : sc. t6 iK(pvye2u ddvarov. vvy : correlative to Trdpos above. 224. XinrViptos yivov : cf. llhes. 229 sq. Kal yevov (Tuiri^pLos o.v4pL TTo^TTtts | dyejxCov ktL — also a prayer to Apollo. 225. dirdTravo-ov : diro- gives a sense of abruptness (cf. dTrbTOfxoi), 104 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS 227. Cf. V. 200. or ^irpo^as: ola nearly = cus ; it is, of course, inner object here. i'lrpalo-S : ' fared. ' 228 &p' : sometimes used, as here, to introduce an excited question that expects an attirmative answer, nearly = oi'k ovu. djua a-i^ayas : 'enough to make one cut one's throuL ' ; ci. Bitcch. 246 raOr' ovx'- ^ai/^s dyxo^V^ eTrci^ta ; 2'>9 s(i irXcov i\— ircXdo-o-aL : the infm. expresses tendency merilinrr in result ( = (i(TT6 ^eXacrcraO, -' more than enough to brin^'' r ef. Biicch. 246 (cited in preced. note) and Ion 10b4 sq, ^ dv^Tbu ^i(pos ij I XaiAtwv e^di//ei (Spoxov d^xcpl deiptju, Bp<5v« o^rpavCu) : cf. Ilel 299 dcrxT^Moi'es fih dyxovoL fierdp- CLOL, IIipp. n9\p€fxacrT0LS iv ppdxoi^ ijpTVfituri. These ex- pressions are milder than /3p6xos ovpduLos, but m the strained emidiasis of the Chorus the extravagance of^ ovpauap seems to me to tind a dramatic justification ; cf. KvfM ovpavi^ jTrvpt^ou Hivv 1207, and the excited l^pp aW^piov TrXo/cd/xw*/ e/xcj*/ dTro, 1 Xeirro/xtro. vyay TTTcpjeaaau i) \ x^ovbs virb gkotIi^v fivx^^^ \ Tropei'^u;, ibid. 1441 sq. du Kara yds evipujv \ x^^^lov /lerd lUpcrecpdvas r eddKovv vauLv, Andrmi. 544"At5r;j' x^o^^o*' KaTa^rjir ^^« u««« the present case as a basis^f frrll ;l 9"^^ ^f.V^^P-^•ti^'ular intrudes upon the general dirXaKwv : cf. v. 824. dpCwTov : * unlivable ' (/StotV). Cv^X'JuT)!'''''^"' ' ^''^"''•' ^rT" '' "' ^^"^"^^" "«^ in Modern Oieek in the sense of ' presently,' 'in a little while.' Xpovov ; inner object. Alcestis now emerges from the palace supported by Admetus. I n^t^^% '1^'!"' ?'l'^ ^^T' ^'^^'^ ^^ '^^y* ^nd heavenly dance I the fleet cloud figure " (Browning). Cf. v. 205 sq. 246. 6p^-. sc. "UXlos or ^^- Aristoph. Thesm. -28 sq where Euripides is rei»resented as saying to Mnesilochus firjdafJLios wpbs tCjv dewy | TrpoSais fie. i^nuis 251. Cf. V. 219. 252 sq. Cf. Hipp. 1447 (Hippolytus dying) 6Xi^Xa Kal dr^ 106 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS .iMcrintion of Charon here ct. Pausaii. 10. 2o I (ot tne nii of MeSusWV idan U .Vrt n "Vi o Kvfi.p.'nrr,, *po.r., .o.- ot Meneiaus a- / ^^^.^ ^^ iroraMV (m'- •r^rrO^'aro't/t/s^---. .«.»«. Ada Aesch. Sc^.r 85'2-860. . _ , Xdpa.v-KaXri: cf. Aristoph. Lyndr. ^O^W- /»; «" ! " /^7r v,.',n« -s Till' I'oCi' • I 6 y.ifion' v : ^vith dark ^^^^\^\;^j^ object). The expicssion was perhaps suggested by Aescn. Pers. 81 sq. > "A 5i«o . ai^T^'^irnntlv the tb'urc of liianatosro 202. trrcpwTOS Atoas : apparently ui«-, Uq^^i '>64 oUrpav : referring to 686v above. Ik Tuiv : cf. £V roh with the superlative in Tliucydides. See also Soph. 0. C. 742. ^ i ♦« 265. ots 8^ : the particle is intensive ; cf. v. 5 and note ad loc. ^^ . ,. Iv Kotvc? : circumlocution for ko..6.. Cf. /o.t 1228 (koc.,). 266. Cf. //i>i>. 1372 fiideri fie rdXava. |^8t]: * at length,' 'now.' 267. KXCvar : cf. Orest. 227 kXMv /x' is €vvi}u avOLS. TTOcCv : locative. 269. o-KOTia vv| : cf. ITcc. 68. 4,r* 6. 286. «Xpiov TvpavvCSi : Pheres is too o1 ' ' ]«t iin aUon>rt upon th(^ king«liip. Tlu; case hero >ni|>iHk«:.a *-^ ..i;c th^t in lu.- (hlymv, where, by IVneloiH.^'8 marriogo, bcr ^^*^^ »** ^'^ succt^od to all Odyfl«cus\s power ; cf. Horn, ft 332.336. 287. dirocii reason for her Kelf-Ka«nti('(\ . _ _ . PHU80 between <'^et* "A^^ffoUnp. 200. KaCroi : 'and yet,' tho ' yot' rwiUy lying much mow in Kal than in ro(. irpovSocrav : !ic. ^vQri^\ 291 »«i. ^^ov tronp«i3.ivc. KoXii^ ^Kov . WO miKht liidlcAtr tht- forco of tho ]ihnmi hy the proportion KaXui ^Xo'S ic«.\u^i ^ctr : : »ca\«!»/ ^^ttif : ic«X4r 7/Vo»'€M. Tlic pvi.tt of life to which tbo |areiiti arv coino u> of NOTES 109 >avoi(riv : an a*! nal and w. Wo tnnst of iieoe^ty make a d y course, tlie underlying notion. The idea of position somewhere between limits dictates the employment of the partitive gen. piov. AV e may paraphrase 'though thev are come to a point of life at which It were a fine (fitting) thing for tliem to die.' 1 he nobleness of such action is emphasised in e^K-XecDs OapeTu, With 6!/ iJKoi^ cf. Trpoa-oKou, deceits. eC iJKeiu (used personally) with the gen. occurs in Hdt. Cf. also OresL 447 %as opas es Tovfs: she ;^p«ik8 tt oi»6 alwiuy dt^l 111. suord of Tb«nat«fi baa alrauly c«t her off from life, a^ Bxowi,:.- ...plrr' , hu a^tmlialle intcmrotation ?firr r*',^^*\ attitude of Ai. ,t.> in thiM 8»no. We a» bm iJi f iVjth meant when he oailod lier ooBseorate | Hence- TOW Xoi»^ xfxJvov : «tho r«mainderof our allott^^l Hfc-time.' It 8ee«w to If oiiceived that Admrtug aitd Alcratlt ntnilii. if Uity could r: the prcwnt ctm%, Jive to anch an asQ at llitfee and \\u Hjie. ^^ m i|^pm i • CO im! -0^^ ^*^^''* ^^* *^ vajrying jwuses of x«ip«j in r\'. aiWf : tho TOTf Jock* to Ihe uii 1 futniii tloM at which th* rvium miKht be made,—' I wUi not a«k yo« cv«r to make adivjuj^U' return.* ^ 801. 8femini,'1yar^niini*.'cnepov€ts : ef. v. 327. 304 sqq. For similar dying injunctions on the part of a wife cf. Hipp. 858 sq. . , , ,i 304. TovTovs : the deraonstrative shifts appropriately to the second person. ^ • < f u dvdo-voi): the meaning, as shown by the aorist, is take uponTourself; ' assume the responsibility or obligation. The idea of continuance appears in the participle cr^^cv. cr€'Ba,v • Alcestis desires her husband to honour ^^^r children as Tetuimate and lawful heirs, even as he has P^'^f^f ^ vfonoS her (v 279). a^^eLv is peculiarly appropriate with We find (7^3ei»' in this sense of holding some tie n sacrea regard in v 279 and in OresL 1079 {kra^pela. .^/^c.). Cf. further Ale. 681. . . 305 lirtv^aTis ToccrSc : ' marry over these.' ' bring upon these by a secoyrrriage.' In a different sense in Or.sJ 589 ou yap deydfjLet iroce. irbc^v. Cf. the similar close of v. 309. 306. iirts: generic, * one that' <(>00€t>T| : an instance of the old /x^-clause with an underlying notion of aversion and apprehension-a on Vao^ ^^'"^ prohibition. See Goodwin, J/, arul T. §§ KXijSdva : an old Attic word (cf. Rutherford, New Phryiu ]>. €vo-€i : this vb., commonly neut., is here transitive. 318 sq. TdKoio-i : * childbirths ' ; cf. Tci0os =* interment. * eap) Lhpa. vvixcim^'^s husband, as bride. There t tCbre, no rtaTon for tdopting Mekler's .6.. for .ore m V. 330. ^ ^ eccrcroXls : a restriction that may seem ji^^^^'^^^^"^, \^.;; modem if he fail to recall the Attic restrictions on lawful Tai^age, viz! that both parties be legitimate and free-born Athenians. 'K'KO. c;n Lo^callv o(mt-irpoc(t>eiy^€raL (v. 330 sq.) is con- sec^Sa ^rS. Ltecedent; For the pU i g of the a.>to^ J.7; AT muek's ot etl^ns to 332 s,. seem "^f-'-lf ■S as regards fiXXwi. The superlative (^irpfirfara-n, is cnipliali :„[ effective, even if not I'ogical-it is l-tp - P-- , '; Heracl. 409 we find V's «>" »»^P«' '"y"""" *'^ '•" ^IV*? :V ^ VT 490, 513). elSot .V7rp67re;„f ^' ""■■'■"^'''Sos : ' bear the burden of mournins ' more picturesque than n^.er,.Tu, (which we V MV^/ia. The verb imiilics more than tli» mere act of giving birth : hence the tense! ' ' *''^ TK,^^^V^'^'"^*7^''''"= '^ rhetorical contrast indulged in bv lhucydides«rfm««(;aw. "uifeeu in oy ficfr^J''".''!^ WS.-+"X as in v. 229. 342. duapTdvovTi : quasi-perfect as in v. 327. Hi^lfi^l" ^^- ^'>^\,"35 sq. (in reference to the mourning for OT,fi^OT«v 6^tXCas = on V 353 below), seems to liavc been suggcsteil by Aesth. Ag. 411 SM (of Menelaus's sorrow for Helen) li> X^xos koJ .rW^ot fat r"o<^i T .W.p Jwas ^d«'«''"«-. ^j^'^^ Sern Greek prevails; e.g. yi ri'V^ "» '«»'^''»^'> ^'^ ^'"''" and go to sleep.' Of. Acsch. Ag. 565 s,. ,Dre r6yro, .V ae ,«.« to si)eak ; and similar shiftings may be found for the seeking-few more apposite, perhaps than ^hh ?:[r; ll )'tXf '-'■ " fildersleS A^rjou^ISl. V 01. II. p. B9.) With the present passage cf. Or. 1042 son. rdialofrne be ween Llectra and Orestes afler the latter's condem atToX the Argivo assembly) dXX' A/x^^euya, ay be possible,' f^v- 357 "snq. Cf. the reminiscence of this passage '" J- /|- ^o'x ;,;. I eVrao/ S. ^^eoy (on which see Mr. l^^'l""; « "f ; Cf. also 'Op^eia ynp^^ in v. 968 sq. and t^v3„. U/)^«J m Ci/f?. 646. The Scholiast thus briefly relates the ^vOo, of Orpheus here alluded to: 'Op^ecs v'-'i EupiSi^r,, ijj o,ro0a.o..irr,s i.,ro o;/,eu,s a"rS XraVe? 4 "A.5o.. It would thus appear that on,. versTon o7the legend of Orpheus and Eurydice had no fatal ' looking backward.' vXiTTa Kal ^Ao,: referring to voice ''"'J , '"f;""'^"^/* ';; Ivre) MAos see^us originally to have meant ' hmb ; then on., of t e four divisions of a familiar metre, the elegiac coup e (Jf." iX^and .oOs as musical terms) ; then lyric (mchc poctiy n ceneral as distinguished from epic {fwo^, l^v) \ . ^^ li^ol. F D Alkn's note on^Aos in Harvard Studies yoMv. Even Though "ao, be not etymoloj^ically connected with ^X*e.. the two words appear to have been associated by the Oreeks , cf. v. 454. 358 K<5pnv A^liriTpos: the official title of tins goddess amom'' the Attic o'^eeks was simply Kipv Her common naine aZn" them appears to have been 4..(>p^^arra ; her poetic-al llep^e^ol, or iVe^o.r,. (See Meisterhans, Gravun. dcr Ml. Lischriftcn, ed. 2, p. 76.) irocriv : named in v. 360. 359 H "Ai8o« : the gen. is not to bo construed with H, but depends milsubstantive {e.g. io,.., cf. v. 436) understood. Xapetv : infin. of result ; the aorist marks the (conceived) attainment of the end. 360. KaTTiXeov&v: ' I had (in that case) gone down '; here again Admetus treats Alcestis as already dead ; cf. v. S.J and note. 361. Cf. V. 439 sq. (a passage that supports Cobet's reading •y^puc for Xdpwi' ; see Crit. Kotes). 362. Karao-rfjo-ai : ' set down ' ; he seems to think of carryiug her back in liis arms. NOTES 117 363 sq. ^\y o5v : ' but at all events,' sed certe ; cf. 5' o5. ing of earthly ties in f]Z lU. \ . Ahis idea of the rennit- ^t)5 sq. €7ri(rKVii|/a, : this verb is often used of n J • l;;.^o,.. solemn injunctions to his s^^'.^t^J^:^ aXX^^a.n .^Spo. .ep,/..X.. re Xa.V.. l\ ^i^^! Zth'^l^;, Greeks:'""? -"'nrcesC to ZTft\^.^' P^^^«-' ^^ the l.e buried not burned Tl e .i \* °^ * '" ^'^^ tl>at Alcestis tended to preserve the 1^ t ^edar-wood was, of course, in- substitute fo^reSnnn.FLH p"^ "^ possible, -a crude 2, 87 ; Dio.U sT. 1, 9i"^6. ^^''^""' ^'''"'^"•^^ ««« Hdt. , 101 tnc sake of perspicuity (l. ^j\ • ^ , „ cSuS: '-'-''' ""^- tii^iicetf-'lJ^^^^^^^^ ,S Al^l^Tsq. '^''^-'>°^ = l«-"t^'"y parodied by Aristophanes, M/gfve:'ihet„fc*off oStT ^^^"^^"■'"' ^-'^ ('^'- !•) = «" «^''« (•^'- the second half of 371. aW.- emphatic, almost = Tapi.r« ; 'with your own 118 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS ears.' 8^ adds emphasis to ainol without any appreciative temporal force. .l' vv-'^v: cf. v. 305 and note. dTi(td(r€iv : cf. v. 279 for the opposite. 374. Kol— Kal: correl., 'both— and.' Ariai • ' I -vffirin ' <*d^ai is often very emphatic, notwith- statdi'^g its enclitic character. It should, it seen.s to n.e be S 0,1 in such a case (-^^H- Cf.. El. 1057 .a. -^ ^ ^J was intended as a parody on tins vs. NOTES 119 V 3/8. TToXXi'i ji* avdYK^: sc. yev^adai firjT^pa t^kvois. This phrase (witli /x') recurs in Jfed. lOlS.* It is better to follow Monk s reading than tliat of the MSS. ye is certainly repeated mvenuste. It has its proper and appropriate restrictive force witli aov. airco-Tcpiiiicvois : the state of bereavement is expressed bv the perfect. *^ 379. xpT}v: dchcham (* modus irrealis'). See Goodwin M, ami T. §§ 41.5-420. On ^riv xpw cf. v. 939. a-TT^pXOfiai Kdro): cf. Ifcc. 414 ct7ret/xi 5rj Kdru). In three cases Kdrw IS used adverbially with a verb denoting motion ; ct. V. 382. For the use of koltu as prep, with a verb of rest see V. 45 and note. 380. Sfjra : ' now, pray, ' tandem, jiovovp.€vos : we need not understand this as virtual perf • it seems rather to mean 'now that I am on the point of ' etc. (= fJL^Wwv fiovovdOai), 381 xP<>vos jtaXdJct Bvi^ffKova lyw (suggested by the present passage? cf. on v. 298), lihes. 329 dpKov,x€v oi aif^ovres "IXiov irdXai, (Jrest. 1592 dpKiaw 5' ^70, Xiywv (much like the Sophoclean phrase). ol irpoevijo-KovTcs : in apposition to 17/11???. Notice that when a woman speaks of herself in the j)!. she uses masculine foims ; cf. 6 or 17 AvSpuTro^, ol dvOpuiroi. o-iBiv : with wpo- in irpodirjaKovTes. Such archaic forms as ^v, x^P<^^^'^^ TTpoTrdpoideVj dwoirpd. 384. Samov : daifxc^u is the individual form of rvxv. as, in Homer, kt^p is the individual form of ddparo, ; cf. Horn, f 172 pyu 5' iyddSe Icdfi^aXe Saif^cou. In Aesch. Pcrs. 472 sq. Atossa cries J^ jTvyp^ daifxou, ws &p ^^A^ucras 4>f>^yC>y \ ll^pcras. (\N 6 nught, with less probahility, see in Sa^/j^ou a reference to Thanatos.) oiCas: exclamatory; cf. v. 144. 385 Kal ii^v : * and verily,' * and lo,' used here much as it sometimes is to herald the entrance of a new personage upon the stage ; cf. v. 611. s and again with ^7049. Lit. then: * In the belief ((is imparting to the participle the lorce of an m-atio ohliqua) that I am no longer anything, pray speak of me as (call me) nothing.' For the phrase o^aav ovbkv cf. Androm. 133 sq. rl fibxSov \ o^y oZgo. fjioxOeh ; (also vv. 381 and 390 of the present P^ay). 388 5p0ov irp<5a;?. M-petition see V. 382 aud note' ' ^"^ *''* P^""=«'= a«ulULt5"v;25;r''' " '=°"''""°" "f ^^'-" (^•'■- V. 388) airwXoVTiv : cf. v. 386. meaning of wliich sec notp?nn fK ^ '^''/^■Ww/'a (for tlie present plav) of the ffi.^!,/ *• ^ ' among his [E^uripide^fj ^att ^^^^t^^'^'^^' to bo?k mo?i;er'and'"!uur'%'"l''"''' "^^^'"^ "^^ «'e Greeks to a nurse hlthe to JtC United sS. "" '"'"^^'^ '^'^'^'^ 8^ : * already. ' ^^^'corfS::::\t:;X^r''-- ^'>''<"»"<1 takes „p tl. words of 395. v<}>* dXCw: cf. v. 151. 396. irpoXiTTovca : cf. v. 391 d^iv=^M&,-an archaism. See L. and S. s.v. d^^. 397. T\d,.a,v : ' cruel '-from the child's point of view. 122 EUItlPIDES' ALCESTIS NOTES I i€Lfiivri in v. 204. Ann l«rAicov^''y''- ^f ' l^Sionysus bending the tree) Kam^*'. ^m", vy^^ " ^^^^' 403. ttotI : archaism ; cf. on v. 383. -itCtvwv : here = ir€T6fi€vos. A mic v€o Si ^a.^n ^'-M-^op? 're- lUo' The turn of i-hrase is Aeschylean ; cf. Ay. 1000. The more subdued tone of Admetus's trimeters forms an effec We contrast to the broken and q"avenn| lament of the boy. Cf. the similar effect in the passage vv. 244-2/9. 406. X«C^o^t : with ablative gen. like mo^oDmu. (v 380). Tlie present Tere -seems to bo a quasi-rerfect ; cf. Ion 080, where tlie jierfect is uscopS., rCo ,>.bvwv .rrcXXoM^.'a.^ ir\o.u,„. ij.ov6- SoXo! X avrl roO f^- Cf. Elin.ar Schwart., Dc imU^vh. e vwri cl re nuc. pet. qiuustiones Eurip. p. H- 410 o-ivKao-i : intensified )cf the substantive "end • • L,I rif'^l" ( "oppositional gen.') ; age is viewed as an rathe'r-ir ' • 7''""% ^^- ^^'^ ^^^»'' «-^i''>'. however is oIkos : lieie, as often, = ' tlie household.' 416. -rdo-Sf: 'these of onre,' not ra^ras 'those of vonis • • the Cory,. I.aeus endeavours to show his syn.pa hy The one conZr-" '' "''"'"' '' "'"* "' ='" ^°""al eondof^uoe-' Job': -Cfts - ST43r"ln'A "7"r*^^ (-/^X';...). like 'bear 417 sq. XotVetos: old poetic woid, = «,rr«rot, rt\,vraiot. PpoTiv : with botli TpHro, and Xo/ears m //yy. 328 where „<,.- M rvx.o>l J ^rc^a, yCyvoio-K^ : « begin to kiioir/ Aii*^j?»flpr. ja.. This use of tl.e da., with a v... -X" f o^ jLt^ifu ™i "%:'"' the verbal in -Wo,. ..„.. ^h7u«dC foj examples of the two last »oe L. ojid S. t.tf.). " """ ^ ^'^ --non eginius nisi in aiu.iu.^rfbw fabolk IKuriKr' (Schroeder, J)e iteratis apud Trag. Orate, p. «.) ' •""» '^""J- tJt^h tlr"'^' •■ *?. 'T '*-^'' ' ^^ " « only «'t«r th« funml that he fully realises his Iwrtavi-inont ; cf. r.9t0. """™ derived from the swooping- ot llinl^ ,hi, ..T'^V 'f Cf. Aeseh. iVa«,. 042 ,^^. .airo. xS V^^.^- «/^x^«aO*,i,. \ 124 EURiriDES' ALCESTIS avTOP x^^^^^^ '^^i OLacpdopav \ fiopris, SOev fioi ayT\ic^Tpoopv<^o, (with the ace. instead of PCKpOv). ^ 423. Virtually equivalent to 'wait until you have sung_ etc ^Ji^yoyres resumes irdpecrre with dvrvXV0€v: lit. 'from below.' This use of adverbs and adverbial expressions referring not to the point of view of the subject of the sentence, or the speaker, but to that of the Set of thought, is characteristic of the Greek language o^^^^^ at the present-day; cf. such phrases ^^ ^\^'' Z !u ^itix idC^de k' iKeWe) and &Kpu^v eK 7rci7a,. Soph, ^f 411 with Jebb's note ad he. Kdru^Oev here i^^hepSev, cf. boph. Ant. 25 rots ^vepdev hrLfiov v^Kpoh [Bcoh ?). acnrdvSo) : to whom no libations {^'''"'''- CI. m Lng. the varying race-horse not driven in Imrnek 1^77-^ " "PP"*'* »« ^ poetical equivalent of xaA^i' bridle '^ff<.iL''''T""y ^^' cognate are pullits, fWrn 'foal 'ana 'mi 'ut'?^' ''"^'"■^ confused, in spelli.'.g attast, wJth fJ S ^''"''""^ co»Sorli.'Prr thffor of tW '"' ^f^'"' ^ ^ «»e addition of the structionTtTe ;a,k of a ^r' <^'T ^^' ^"''"^*'^'^ <^on. completion applies ?o «xll / a *'* ?'*"''•„ ^''"^ """"n "f as to^^the seS ' Joons ' "^ ^^"^ <=»"«<=« ^ely, a., well th/?.fnc?St"o-f rHoillSSiu^cutfSi'n^^'fl^ ^»"-'«"« ro/o.. «o. d..p„, „o« „„^„ (see'Goodwh,r!l} aJ l°§ eT' "'' co/cS;, riirtheinfllit'T^'' ^^° '^^. '•^ *"« sense is also in A^;!;::. = ' ''■"^•^^'' ' tn>er.> a sense which may be felt l^oi : dat. of interest ('ethical dat.'X 'in my eyes ' 431 TCKav=r,^^, : the infin. used as a gen., as in v. H. Jircl— eavttv : cf. v. 36 sq. IV. 2TA2IM0X IIPfiTON- (vv. 435-475) i h 126 EURiriDES' ALCESTIS defined {Poet. c. 12) as mAo. xopoO_ rb d«u »''«;<»5'-°; ';J, Tfiov aiou ' ' (rrd-riMO" is ' stationary ; the orchestra-as distinguished from the ,rapoSo, «' «"'-''; '^^ son^ —Aristotle's definition needs a few words ot explanation, a The anapaestic was especially a marching nicasurc. Henco the xa>5o? of the older tyi>e often began with anapaests ).„ AoCh Aaam 40-103, i'.m. 307-320). though, m the ';?anfpt;s of Soph., tins' is so with the JJcuc alo^ ^34- 171) But a criff'f^o. never 6cs never », e.n<,j« hv ananaests Yet, after an antistrophic ffraai^oy, the cUoral uttcran'ce may aul with anapaests : thus the thud .Tracr.;.o. of thfSoTis antistrophiJ from 781 to 800 a ter winch com immediatelv the choral anapaests 801-805: ana ^\o snoum riX^^^^^^^ of 781-805 ^s the third .rd,^ . 4^7^ renet?tio^bu^^1^n^f ^ '' T^ ""^^ ^^'' '''''^ ^^ ^'^ ^"^^^^^^ ^Y ^oyovs. Repetition of a word is common in evcrydav speech :SS;:droX'hLt' " ^-''"^ ''- Itanans^t iTiS sm.lar example is cited from Soph.^ Trach.%59-61io(te'ssut) is orat. obluj. with f-rro,, of which the prime subj 7s 'AWaf bn t iharon." '"' "«''' "' *'"-°"S'' *^« intervenlig^mend^Jn'^f use^trtL'potrfor'^f.Jp/noat:^^- ^=^*''^''^^ '^ ^" ^-'"^- 445. TroXXa: inner obj. with ^\fov,7,, almost = ,roX\cim tlieToTdtt'nrf"^"' ^'^- ■■ f^*^- The second element of 446 sq. ^(K^ovo-i Kae- : cf. v. 346 sq. ^p6, AlBv, XaKu, I avXoK In the latter case the voice is conceived as answerinl the instrnment; in tlie present it is conceived as folloXTt^ the instrument giving the pitch. lunowin^ it, Hntr'^/7'"^'' ^" ffti"" X'"^^" ■■ cf. the story of the first lyre in tJrtd'se r^r' f T- ^^-^ ("} '■ 33 Hermes addresse the tortoise as xi)v, Spe^t f,iowa, and in v. 51, after killing the creaUire and cleaning the shell, i.ra ..^^.o.s 6i..1:l^2a^o ..,!.*'' '^' •?VP'"^ x^t'ovTts C|xvois : referring to the rbansodes who recited without nmsical accompaniment. In / T 146 aAi'pois eXe^ois IS used of dirges. ^u .i. a. 140 448-452. Sparta and Athens are selected as the heads of tb^ Greek world.-true pre-eminently of the time when this pav was comiKJsed, just before the Peloponnesian war bnt «n rSrc/'Thi" "rt/.«^' - -w'hThe'pj^t' Sh^ (llama is laid. The contrast between the two cities is further emphasised here by the position of their names. 128 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS kvkXo»-Mitiv<5s : 'when the circle of the Carnean month compasses the seasons,' referring to the great "^^^i-^^""";^^ festival of Apollo at Sparta, from the 7th to the 15th of the month Carneus ( = Attic Metagitnion, August-September). U Hdt 6 106, where the Spartans refuse to help the Atlienians on the eve of Marathon, ^f yap Idra^hov rov ^ii^vos umr-n, eivari) U ovk ^^eXci^crecr^at la(jav fxi] ov ttXt^^cos i6ino^ rov kvkXov (so. T^s aeMurjs), with Stein's note ad loc. The Carnean festival was in the way ' of the Spartans again when they sent out Leonidas (see Hdt. 7, 206). With kOkXos and (bpas cf. further loa 1486 sq. Se/cdrv 5€ bk wa^ceXvlo, vko.tl^' ct.a; | fj^v^bs S^xvim and Philostratus Heroic, pp. 140 and 142 Boissonade, Cbpat ^iv oviru rjaav ovcaiy fJLTjvujy 5^ ovttu) kvkXos. dcipoa^as— o-cXdvas : the gen. with particip.Cgen. absolute') = 6Te delperat Tfdywxos (reXd^a. The full-moon IS, of course, referred to. Xitrapato-t : this epithet, which pleased the Athenians be- vond measure, was applied by Pindar in his famous lines a, ral Lwapai Kal ioarecpa.oL Kal dotS^MOt, | 'EXXdSos /petcrMa, kM 'AdauaL, daifiouLou nroXiedpou, in reference to which,^ apparently, Aristophanes caustically says {Achani. 639 sq.) ei^ d^ tls vfxa, XcTrapds {U. the epithet X.TrapaO, d"; to do something. Notice the contrast effected by m^*' and 5c. We should expect rather eld' i^iol i^eii) irefxxpai (re. ir€>+ai: 'escort,' a.s frequently; here almost^ fier awe fi^Pa^ ^■OTES i 129 T.pd^v.v = «^a,. (cf. V. 436). An old poetic word, and mono,,I,tI,on,,al promLraUoi^ "' ^''"'''" diphthongal 460-3. Note the pathetic repetition of o-.^. \i6va : with ^rXas. <|>^Xa YvvaiKwv : also in Hipp. 848 sq. airrds: note third person for second o n.f , usage. ^ stcoiia,— a not uncommon wo.l:^f ^e^a^^tty^sL^-^''' '"■" ^--^ ^-- *•>« '-- ^-m levis) of iToLan' tonSnel'"'' ""^ "" ^'^"'-'^- ^''' '*' Toi : is datire of interest here, rather than locative -Pl.ltic e'lS;.^ ■•^^'^""°» °f ^^ "-d each tin.e with an For the syntax of .>o/ and riK.o., cf. v. 62 and note. ^ |xA\' &v ?poiy : closely echoed in tlie antistrophe (' tSi% aSyt:Ka^:rsrhattirowr^-^^- '-- imjlted irin ?V"'""*"^ "''"'"'^ °' *'*'' ^^'="'i'=« "-"T'-ed is ste±gaHa:;oa'^ra;e'''S'«, *^^ ^•"'""'-^- -' "^ ani 14. not'Sat fl Ucor^;^.^ tllr) "'' '^'""^"^'"'' OVK ?TXav ^Weai : cf. ^rXaj d/«?^<-a< in v. 462 iXias: 'loving,' * loyal.* TA = Toirro, i.e. rh TOtairn;s Kvpcai. iv ptcJTc- : * in (real) life/ the Poet speaking rather than the or ttc a^c^inoaly said /pMoio.. U'crha,*. wo ,houM J|M>wy: emphatic CO?. A-iiii^tus. SXvirot ; 'fr«« ^rom r«*i»/ 5«w»- Si* olAros : liVe the Hooi. w«*'* »^'"- Av: Ttpeatod ^f^Hth an enipbatio expn^towu a., iu lli« xtroph<^. ivrty jw ^"** io «,-;«{*?»« that tv. (doctor-, diwi^ruiion), Jena, . ., f^ ^K"^ ?^Llin th . A^\^ filrniih in coinunctiod with other pMlNB^ »« tftt; 473 JW. "«'?""• i" V^iJlZ!L L t« lift thought of ai co«npo«. refers to both wopevv and 484. odv: indicative of doubt, like 'possibly.' Bw^Xl*- sc. dwayayelv (implied in ^lera, v. 483); cf. v. 491. |xwv = M^ o''"') ^^^*^'^ igitur. |€vov: 'host,' ironical. 485. Bio-Tovwv x^ova : cf. GecrtraXtDi^ x^'^^'^i in v. 479. 486. Sta-TrSa-ai-deairoT'nv yepiaSai. 487. diT€iir€tv : ' to say no to.' TOts TTcJvots : the toils imposed by fate. Here personified. oI<5vT€- ''olos has to do with 'character,' olos re with 'circumstance' rather; olos ^i/ ^^T'^'T'\''f\Xj^^^^^^ merely. A man may be capable of murder (oZos, he may iiot be in a situation to commit the crime {oUs re), iheie are pas ages that seem to contradict this distinction, long sine, indicated by Harpokration, who says : oros el avf^atvei rb pov\u kTZ^^P^L, rl be olos re el rb 5.Va.ra. But sometimes ^meiXTn is'suggested, sometimes 'position ' and 'disposition coincide." (Gildersleeve, Am.. Joimi. Philol. vu. p. 10^.) 488 The latter of the alternatives is regarded as the more probable. Cf. /07i 1038 KardavC^v 5' airroO txeveu 489 ' This would not be the first contest in which I sliould run the risk of death.' dyC^^c, is used in a double sense : (1 IdSXo. (d^Xos), (2) = .^.5t.o. In construction it is inner oj^ with bpLoitxu Cf. /. A. 1456 heivob, ay^vas bia vpji€vas : 'smeared.' 497. 0p€\|/as : sc. rds ttwXous. irais iraTpbs : a familiar collocation. The words form a chiastic parenthesis here. KojiirdtcTat : sc. ehai, a variation of the Homeric eu'xerat elvaL. 498. la,\pva-ov = bLaxpv(Tov. The epithet is to be taken literally, as is shown by the description of Rhesus (Phes. 305 sq.), wiXrrjs 5' eV w/xwi/ xP^'(^OKb\\7)Tos rviros | ^Xa/ULire. Of course, however, every Atlienian would think of the mines of Scaptinsula {ZKairT-qavXyj), mentioned by Herodotus (6, 46 sq.\ of which in 424 B.C., if not already at this time, Thucydides, the historian, was lessee (see Thuc. 4, 105). ttcXttis dvog : it is hard to decide whether we are to under- stand this phrase, with Monk, as = TreXrao-rT^s (cf. /cwtt^s &va^=i ip^TTis in Aesch. Pers. 378), or to take ireXr-qs iiS = 7r€XTa€*'. XpTJ : * it is fated.' 502. |vvd\|/ai : a metaphor drawn from nnAtliog, like our *join battle.' AvKdovi: "An Lyraonis, filii Xfartis. n!il« nentio fint, • necnc, baud scio." (Monk.) r.03 sq. KvKvw : the battle is dewrlbwl in He«iod*» * Shichi of Heracles. ' ?pXO|iat-crvjjLpaXwv : 'I am on my «iiy to joui,' 'I aui going to join* (nearly = mA\w (tvijl^\aif). (TvjipaXwv : not of purpose, but of il»tiny («0 xpi >" v. Ml). irwXous 8€]it Le could claim, thus implying the divinity of Iiih f;il)ier. 506. Tp€. ll;»d. 509. A stately welcome, in which H«rnicl« i* *cl€i|jl€vt]v : perhaps the figure is here that of a victim bowing to receive the death-stroke. One thinks of Thanatos* sword. — AVe are to understand from this that some news of Alcestis's sacrifice had got abroad, but not that Heracles lias heard any news from the inhabitants of Pherae ; else he would know that this is the Kvpiou rnxap. He evidently regards Alcestis's speedy death as by no means certain ; and even if he did, his happy-go-lucky philosophy, as expounded in v. 788 6vy., would lead him to think little of it. 525. ohv : looking backward to the ])revious verse and rendered more explicit by elirep ktL Tjvco-cv : cf. vTrecTTT) in v. 36. 526. \i.i\ irpoKXai* : the hearty, hopeful creature will not hear of borrowing trouble. cs TOT* : i.e. the time of her (supposed) future death ; cf. is avpLOP in v. 320 and is varepov in /. A. 720. "Throughout Greek literature es is used with adverbs of time." (Rutherford, New PhrijnichuSj p. 118 ; cf. p. 120 sq.) d}xPaXov : the idea is that of throwing or i>utting back something that has got too far forward, like the fold of a garment. 527. Things that are equal to the same thing are e«iual to each other. The conclusion of Admetus's syllogism is suppressed. fxcXXcav : sc. OaveTaOai ; cf. v. 50. 528. Heracles denies Admetus's major premisfg. Xwpls vofxiJcTttt : 'are reckoned apart,' * belong to dillerent categories.' Monk compares Troad. 632 sq. ov Tavrbv, u? Trat, Ttf) ^XeweLV t6 Kardavelv' \ t6 fxkv yap ovdeu, t(^ 5' iv€Ls 6 iraXaios, 2oi ^iu Tavra Sokovpt iariuj ifjLol de rdScf Soph. Al. 1038 [1039] Kelvos T €Kelva aT€py€Tu Kayuj Tadc." (Monk.) Note the chiasmus av TTJde — Keiy]] 5' iyu). 530. ws). dva^Ka^a: 'connected with'; cf. the use oi mccssarius in Latin (see Lewis and Short's Dictionary, s.v.). 8dp.ois : ' the family,' like ohos (v. 415). 534. uiXco-cv : ' lout,' mnisU ; cf. v. 179. 536. 4>€v : rjjtm vietrum, like the exclamation of Thanatos 111 V. 28. Perhaps it were better to say that such an exclama- tion with a pause = a whole verse of the metre in which it occurs. €l'0* Tii;po|i€v : a wish for the reversal of something that has already come to pass. dSe must have been firmly established as a ])article introductory of the pure optative before this idiom could be developed. Similar developments are ei in unreal conditions and m^ with the indicative after expressions of fear. XviTov}JL.€vov = KXaiovTa, TrevOovvTa. 537. ws 8pd(r«v: 'implying (lis) that you will do.' The so-called future participle, originally a desiderative (cf. the vbs. in -o-eto;), has the force of a future indie, when introduced by COS, i.e. ws with the fut. part, (like ws with the other participles) is a form of oratio obliqiia. 8i?| : tandem^ ' pray. ' vTroppdiTTcis : a homely meta]>hor from * piecing out ' a garment, like our 'tack on' ; see L. and S. s.v. TovS*— X<$7ov: ' this last remark,' referring to the preceding vs. Admetus is on the alert lest his friend refuse his hosi)itality. 538. Je'vwv : according to v. 1044 sq. Heracles had many ^eVoi at Pherae. 7rop€uo-op.ai : we sliould probably have irop^vcofxevos, were it not for the metre. 539. Cf. on V. 52. wvaj : ' my lord.* 540. 6xXT]pds : iiiolcstus. 138 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS jxoXoi : an archaism in syntax, employed in generalisations ; see Goodwin, M. and T. § 501 (c). 541. aXV : urgent, *nay,' 'pray.' 542. Elmsley inserted tl after ahxpov (see Crit. Notes) in accordance with the view that a vowel cannot be lengthened in the dialogue in such a position. Porson (the author of this view) says (on Orcst. 64): **Sed ubi verbum in brevem vocalem desinit, camque duae consonantes excipiunt, (luae brevem manere patiantur, vix credo exempla indubiae hdei inveniri posse, in quibus svUaba ista producatur." Nauck also {Eur. Studd. ii. 65) pronounces this vs. ''certainly wrong. Cyd. 425 q-b^i he irapa K\aLov(TL (rvvvavTais €jj.oh should decide us in favour of Elmsley's emendation. eovvao-eai : Heracles feels the cravings of hunger, like Odysseus in 77 215-221. On the use of doLydv in Attic see Rutherford's New Fhryn. p. 29. 543. x<^P^5 * ^•^- separate from the family apartments. 544. Parataxis for iav ^eOfis fM€, fivpiav ctol Krk. *' We find an aimlogue for the protasis of this form [eav w. subjunct. J in the imperative, which gives us a convenient paratactic repre- sentative, although it really represents historically aiid adequately only et with the subjunctive, not eav with the sub- junctive." (Gildcrsleeve, Am. Joiirii. FhiloL iii. p. 436.) 'i^u) xapiv : gratiavi kabebo. 546. Admetus stops all discussion by ordering one of his attendants (whom he addresses sharply as € : archaism for clvtov. irdXccos : inconsistent with v. 476 (see note cul loc.) 555. ov 8fjT* : * I trow not.* 556. c^^-yvcT* : the sense of refusal and opposition in the negatived imperfect fairly personifies ^vfKpopd. kys : an Aeschylean word ; cf. Prom. 727. 559. TovSc : ' in him.* 560. Srav ircp : 'every time that.' 140 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS "Ap^ovs 8i\|/tav x.8ova : in accord with the traditional description of Argos, cf. iro\vhl\pLov "Apyos in Honi. A 171. Any one that has walked from Nauplia to Argos and Mycenae will appreciate the force of the epithet. 561. ^Kp\nrT€s : ' did you seek to conceal.' Tov irapovra 8ai)xova : cf. vv. 384 and 13 ; also Aesch. Pers. 825, Soph. El. 1305 sq., Eii?-. Aadr. 973 S(j. 562. ^CKov : with emphasis ; for, according to Greek views, KOIPCL TO. TUJV l\U}V (cf. OvCSt, 735). 564. ^"yvwpKrc : ' had got knowledge of.* 565. ondence seems to be intentional here, but Hirzel goes much too far in his treatment of other passages. VI. liTASIiMON AETTEPON (vv. 568-605). With the opening of this choral passage cf. the o^HJuing of the irp6Xo7os. 568-9. iX€v0€pov : lib^raUs. The Chorus does praise Admetus after all. 6aL itot* : * ever and under all circumstances.' 570-1. Toi : emphasising at. 572. ■^5^w(rc = 5»'€0'€. 573. crois : referring to avbpbs rather than to oXkos. |jLT)Xov({|ias : echoing, in the termination, cuXi/pas. NOTES 141 575. SoxH^tdv : * slanting'; cf. v. 1000. 576. Cf. /. A. 573 sqq. (fio\€^y Cj Udpis, tjtc av ye \ /3oi'/c6Xos dfryevvais iTpd(pr)s \ 'Idaiais irapd fibaxoi^, \ ^dp^apa avpi^oi', 4>pvyi(t}p I avXuJy 'OXvfjLjrov KaXdfxoi^ \ fii/jL7)fjLaTa irviwv. 577. irotjxviTas v|ji€vatovs : 'shepherd nuptial - songs,' for 'shepherds' n. s.* ; cf. irpvfj.v7rn)v Kd\u)v in Med. 110. The general nature of sucli songs may be gathered from Theocritus. 678-9. vpf emphasises the slender legs of the animal ; we might expect oirX^, ' hoof. ' 689 sqq. ToiYap : Lc. as a reward for hospitality. iroXvjxiiXoTdTav ka-rCav : probably a reminiscence of Pindar, 01. 1, 16 (10) sqq.y ey dtpvedu iKOfi^vovs | fxaKcupav 'Upcjuos ea-Waj/, I defUdTUOv 6s d/j.(p^Tr€i (TKoLtttov it/ TroXvfJLifjXcf) | 2t/feXi^, Sp^Trcjv fx^v Kopv(f)ds dp€Tdv &iro waadPy | dyXat^erai d^ Kai fxovaiKds ev du)Tlough, hardly better than a harrow, and a yoke of butlaloes, has not advanced since the time of Admetus) ; then his eye seems to pass over the extended levels to the western Molossian mountains with their crown of clouds. dcX^ov KV€<|>aiav i'mT6dpu) = Kaivep 6pr}vwv, K\aiu)v. TO €VY€vis : 'that which is innately noble,* — more vigorous tlian TT)v €vy4v€Lav. The freciuency of this usage is a familiar feature of Thucydides' style. *'The ability to use the neuter of the adjective instead of long-winded abstracts of secondary formation is the prerogative of the older language" (Wilani- owitz-Moellendorlton //. F. 75). 4K€p€rai : * is carried beyond all restraint ' : cf. Hijrj). 1224 (of runaway horses) /3/^ ^povaiv. irp^s alSw : according to the myth of Protagoras (Plat. NOTES 143 Protatj. 322 B-D) Zeus gave men aldJjs and dlKrj ('sense of propriety' and 'sense of i>roperty-rights ') as the foundation- stones of civilisation. d-yaOoio-i : birth and worth inseparably blended. (as: the "wisdom to perceive and know what things we ought to do." d^ap-at : sc. aows Trap6vT€s. 607. TrdvT : i,e, irdura tcl 7rp6aov : cf. V. 828. irvpdv : but she is not to be burned ; irvpd is here the mound (tu/jl^o^^ X^Ml) raised over the grave, and treated some- times as an altar ; cf. vv. 740 and 995 sqq. Hence the order Td(pOV T€ Kal TTvpdv, 609. tt)S vo|i(l^€Tai = ws v6ixo% eariv. 610. irpoo-cfirar : cf. v. 768 sq. The custom of bidding farewell to the dead was common to Greeks and Romans. 144 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS The Chorus has really done this already (v. 435 sqq.), but not during the progress of the funeral procession. 68ov: inner object; cf. v. 263, also Soph. Ant. 807 sq. rav vedrav 65bv \ cTelxovaav. 611. Kttl |iV *• cf. V. 507. YTipaup iroSl : i.r. ^padew^ yepuu wv. Cf. Rh^S. 85 sq. Kal mV 65' AiWas Kal fidXa cnrovdrj irodbs \ (Treix^i, ktL 612. €v x«poiv : 'in both hands,' implying the lavishness of the offering. 613. Koo-jiov : see on v. 149. V€pT€pa)v avdXuiaTa : ' things that give joy to the dead in the lower world.' Cf. Aesch. Cho. 14 sq. (of the offerings at Agamemnon's tomb) ij iraTpl nhficp Taed' iireiKaaa^ tvx^^ \ xoas 5 ^0LK€, dois KaKois. Note the sigmatism. T€Kvov : intended to be affectionate. 615 s(p The tone of formal condolence appears here as in v. 200. ovSels dvT€p€t: cf. ri's 5' evavTiuaerai in v. 15L'. (ru>^p€p€iv — 8vopa : cf. v. 416. 618 sq. Sc'xov: pres. imperative, ' pray accept.' TovSc : with a gesture. Kara x^ov^S "^tw ; cf. note on koltu) x^ovo^ in v. 45. TavTT]9 : ' that wife of yours.' Tt|td(r0at : ' be constantly honoured.' Xp€wv : expressive here of propriety {wp^wei), not necessity [avdyKT], Set). 620. TJTts "yc : quippe quae. In Latin the verb would, of course, be in the subjunctive ; cf. on v. 17. The generic relative NOTES 145 with T^s (TTJs \pvxv^ instead of ^pvxv^ rijs dvdpbs is a fusion of general with particular that is extremely common in Greek. 621. }^Qr]Kiv = €7rol7)(T€Pj reddidit^ effecit. ov8* €taT]p.l : ' I atfirm.' ToiovTovs : i.e. * as yours.* Xvciv = XvaLTeXelv. i[ : we should say ' otherwise ' {dWcjs di). d^iov : ' worth while,' opcrae prctium. Cf. with the closing words of Pheres vv. 238 sqq. 629. liX0€S : nearly = ^K:as. Tdression cf. Troad. 906 /at; ddvri roud' iuderis. Cf. also Soph. 0. T. 406 del 5' ov tolovtivp, dW bwm kt€, Phil. 1049 o5 yap TOLOVTCjif 5e?, tolovt6s elfi iytb, and Virgil's No7i tali amcilio nee def elisor lb us istis \ Tempus eget (Aen. 2, 521 5^.). 633. TOT€ : note the fierce abruptness. 146 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS NOTES 147 wXXvj^Tiv : ' was on the brink of destruction,' sahis agchatur viea. 634. dXXo): sc. dj/^pcuTry. 635. viia ^cpatos : familiar collocation of contrasted terms ; cf. Phoen. 103 sq. yepaiav viq. \ x^tp, ^ri. With vv. 633-5 cf. Dem. 18, 243 wairep av d tls iarpds, d(Td€vov^(r€L eXvai (dXXd Siaei), implying, however, that he must be of nobler blood than his father (cf. v. 675 sq.) For the construction here see on v. 668. 642. ^ rdpa (toi dpa) : 'yea, in good sooth, as we see.* irdvTwv : partitive, or ablative. d\|rvxCs dKXrjTos uv fpiXoiS KT€. 148 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS ji* : 'of me,' the ws-clause takes the place of the non -personal object. dri\i.al(t)v: 'abusing,' v^pl^wv. 659. irpovSwKd vT€v«v : 'insetting about' etc. ; note the force of the present. ovk^t' &v <})0dvois : * you could not be too ([uick ' ; cf. Orest. 936 sq. ov 'rai yrjpoPoffKtTu ; there is no sense of result in the future as such. 0av<$VTa = 6'Tai' ddvrjs, 664. •ir£ptcrT€Xovo-i : technically used of ]r>reparing a corpse for burial ; cf. Hdt. 6, 30 t7)v K€opd) on the third day (lb.). In the case of Alcestis, everything is compressed by dramatic license into one day. With vv. 663-4 cf. Med. 1032 57*7. ^ fxriv irod' ij dv(TTr}vos (tx^v iXiriSa^ \ TroXXds iv v/xiu yqpo^offK-f^aeiv t' i^i^ \ Kal Kar- Bavovcav xfp<7't»' ^v irepiffTeXeTv^ \ ^TjXwrbi^ dvOpibirouL : also Orest. 1066, Soph. Ant. 902 sq. 665. l\i.%, which is unnecessary for the sense after riyS', heightens the emphasis of fyojyc. 666. T^0VT]Ka 8f| : cf. Med. 386, where Medea, for the sake of argument, supposes the death of her enemies in the words Kal 8r) TeOvam. i NOTES 149 t H Tovrrl or* : quod attinet ad te, quantum ad tc. Cf. Hcc. 514 Tlixih 5' dreKvoL tovttI iXov YT]poTpd())ov : of course, he could not consider him.self as standing in this relation toward Alcestis in the proper sense of the term. He is thinking, however, of the words that follow yijpoPojKTjaovffi in v. 663 sq. Such an allusion to his present duty lias a certain delicacy. 669-72. A bitter generalisation quite in keeping with the rest of the speech and with the style of the Greek tragedians, who love to clo^e a long speech with a bit of practical philosophy. dp* : * a.s we see ' — a sort of Imecfahula docct. Oavciv after 6i»xo»'7'a6 represents Odvoifiev of oratio redd. ^aKpov xpdvov — jLt^Kos, concrete for abstract. t]v 8* cyyvs kt€ : there is doubtless an allusion here to the * Aesopic ' fable of the old man and the bundle of faggots (cf. Fabb. Aesop. 90 Halm). We thus see that Thanatos was a familiar figure in popular superstition, though Euripides may have been the first to introduce him upon the stage. ovScls povXcrat : these words are metrically an exception to Porson's rule (in the Sup2ilementum to his Praefatio to the Hecuba) : " Nempe banc regulam plerumque in senariis obser- vabant Tragici, ut, si voce, quae Creticum pedem efficeret, ter- minaretur versus, eamquevocem hypermonosyllabon praecederet, quintus pes iambus vel tribrachys esse deberet." "Res eadem est,** he adds presently, "si Creticus in trochaeum et syllabam dissolvitur ; vel si Cretico in syllabam longam et iambum dissoluto, syllaba longa est aut articulus aut praepositio, aut quae vis denique vox, quae ad sequentia potius quam praecedentia |x?rtineat." It hel])s nothing, of course, to write oi)5* eZs with Porson. The weidit of the metre seems to be intended to 150 EURiriDES' ALCESTIS NOTES 151 enhance the ctfect of the words hero. Hermann in In^^ Bum praecipue in t^-^f^'lf ^^'S'" pri,„o ita nuitat, ut id recitationis conciniutate, aD uovorum incipiatur : (jU^cA ^'^ olbv Ti /ioi T6.a i(TTi' evrrroh yap yepa. initio Fonis scripsisse puto, "ArXas 6 xo-^f^^oiai vJjtols ovpavov.'' the rhythm of the first V. of the /Ml too. ev^^KCiv: the rves. infin. comes in aprropnately after the negatived ^ovXerai. Bttpv : we might have had §ipoi. 673. 'ASv-rfi' : we have already had this form of address to the king on tile part of the Coryphaeus m v. 41b. axes : sc. ^^vas : ' whet your father's spirit. „-r . - „f V PI This v. and the following are basest sort. , zroj/etST^, a not uncommon use ; ct. v. /uj. dp\vpwVTiTOV = 5oD\o»/, di'5p(i7ro5o»'. 677 sq. An allusion to the basis of citizenship in Periclean Athens. ^Vi YVTioriws cXcvOcpov : referring chiastically to the words immeaiately preceding {OeaaaXdp — yeyibra). 679. vppitcts : cf. V. 676. Dobree thought we should either omit this vs. (why ?) or read (5[7a;/ y\ comparing v. 809. vtavCa.s = v^ptaTLKovs. This is apparently a bit of Attic slang. fVe? We find the noun = v€apiK6s or iaxvpos in Hcl. 1562 j/eai/tais WJULOLdl, 680. piTTTwv : like stones or mud ; cf. irpoirriXaKi^eLv. ov : with ovTCJSj i.e. ,* not so easily.* PaXwv : sc. KaKo2sj cf. Soph. Ai. 1244 tj/jlcLs — Aca/cots ^aXeiri TTOV. oirrws : i.e. /j^Siws, cf. IIcracL 374. (Dobree.) dirct : from din^vaL. 681. otKcov Sco-TToniv : cf. v. 304. The novien agentis has here, as often, a notion of purpose, 'to be master.* 682. ov\ : note the effect of the position of the negative after the emphatic dtpeiXu). vir€p0VTJo-K€i.v : cf. vv. 684, 690. 683. irarpwov = irapa. rod i/xov Trarpos. 684. *EXXt]vikov : * as common custom (unwritten law) of the Hellenes.* We find another reference to this general body of Hellenic traditional law in Orest. 494 sq. 6(ttls t6 flip diKatou ( ' principle of justice *) ovk iaK^^paTo | ou5' ijXdep iirl ( * had recourse to') t6v KOLv6v*EXXr)vo}v vhfiov. In both cases the language is that of the diKaar-npia. It is to be noted that to the Greek mind ud/uLos = hoth. * custom ' and * statute-law. * 685. €tT€ : sc. ^/ieXXcs ycv^ffecrdai. 686. TVYxdv€iv : the tense implies continued (or repeated) gifts. 687 sq. iroXXwv : neuter. iroXvirXcOpovs : notice the alliteration at the beginnings of the sequences of the verse. Pheres seems not to have given everything out of his hands — formally, at least — as yet. Trarpbs — irdpa : cf. v. 683 and note. 689. T|S{KT]Ka ; rather more vigorous than d5i/cw, to which it is related as K^KTrjfxat to ^x^' dircxTTcpw : conative. / 152 EURIPIDES' ALCE8TIS NOTES 153 690. Tov8* dvSp^s = €/JLov plus a gesture. Notice the variety in the use of the prepositions. 691. Quoted against Euripides in Aristoph. The.sm. 194 where of. the entire scene, and see further A. T. Murray On larody mid Paratracjocdia in Aristnphams (Johns Jloi/kins dissertation) Berlin, 1891, p. 23 sq. On p. 19 Murray says of Aristoph. I^nh. 1353 sqq. ^*The wrangling of father anTivp€s : * found a way ' ; cf. v. 223. 700 sq. cl : 'if (as I suppose).' Ti?|v irapovo7i/>7;(rat (intend') irdaaL. Notice the inter- lockeil order of the words. The speech of the old man is almost incoherent in his anger and contempt K^T {Kal elra) : cf. on v. 696. <)>i\ois : see on v. 15. 702. Tois |xi?| 0€Xov^poPT€s ippbOovv ejuLoi '' pbdos (onomatop.) is said of a rushing noise of waves, or of oars dashed into them, etc. ; then, fig., Aesch. Pcrs. 406 lUpaidos yXwaarjs poOos of an unintelligible jargon." (Jebb on Ant, 259.) 708. \iy, (OS l\Lov XcJavTos : ' speak on, assuming that I have spoken' {Le. 'ill of you,' KaKws, v. 704). K\v<»}v = iTr€UKXv€9. Cf, Med, i7i. 709. TdXT]0€s : cf. on v. 601 (r6 evyevis), ov xprjv €v : see on v. 536. — Admetus alludes to what he has said above in vv. 662-5. 720. ttXcCovcs : i.e. besides Alcestis. 721. 'That taunt recoils on you; for had you volunteered to die for nie, there would liave been no need of Alcestis's sacrifice.* 722. 0€ov: i.e. r)\lov. Cf. /. A. 1218 5iv ViKpov^t Kpova : cf. v. 698. 731. T€ : ' too.' KT^8€o-Tats : those allied by /c^5oy, ' marriage ' or * marriage- affinity.' Iti : menacingly, like our 'yet.' 732. kv dv8pdv iJiro : ' through public criers.' 739. olroper hystcron protcroUf eiaijXOe is felt by the speaker to be too weak and is therefore, as it were, corrected by the rest of the vs. d[Ji€i\|/apova>s : 'i.e. with a proper regard for atows, inas- much as he is in another man's house. 754. irporaesertim in dramate satyrico et in ludicra hac parte fabulae llomericam X€ip€(T(n nsurpasse, sed dixisse ut omnes solebant, iv Ta7s x^P^'-'* (It would have been better, it seems to me, had he proposed irorrjpLOv 8^ X^P^^ or 5' ^^ X^P<^^ ^s Monk suggests.) Cobet, how- ever, failed to appreciate the mock-heroic effect. Kio-C€To : the imperf. indicates the slave's vivid recollection of the command. 765. Kal vvv : ' and so now. ' c-yo) [kiv €v 8d|ioLariv : contrasted with i) 5' €k dofjuau in v. 767. 766. g€vov : 'stranger,' as implied by its emphatic position. KXwTra Kal X^^ottiv : ' man-stealer and plunderer ' ; cf. Cycl, 223 Xr}^"*''"-^ rhv = TOVTOV TOP. 772. €v KaKots d<()i"yjJt€V0v = ^7rei ev ^vficpopah ijKei. Cf. v. 817. Heracles, in a state of considerable elevation of spirits (" non ebrius est," as Hermann says in his preface, "sed paullum incaluit vino"), comes out after his delinquent attendant and proceeds to read him a lecture on cheerfulness. "Nee stolida atque absurda loquitur," says Hermann, con- tinuing the remark just quoted, "sed quae etiam sobrius sentiat, qui inter mortis pericula vitam agens praesentia tantum sua esse intelligat." 773. o{>Tos : familiar form of address, 'here you,' 'I say there,' ' see here.' (r€\Lvhv Kal -irccj). pXeVcts : ' look solemn and thoughtful ' ; cf. Cycl. 553 6ti KaXbp (iXewo) ('cast sheep's eyes '). The con- struction is, of course, ace. of inner obj. The words aeixvbv kuI 7r€(p. drfine aKvOpcoirbv in the next vs. 158 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS NOTES 159 775. cvirpoo-tivopu* : * affable. ' Cf. [Uocr.] ad DevKyinc, 20. 776. o-v 8* : 'whereas you.' dv8p* : almost 'gentleman.' 777 Cf. V. 800, Soph. Ai. 25 .9^. eeaptx€vas yap dpWw5 evpiaKOfieu \ \eias &irdjas Kal Kary)vapLanhas (wlnne the latter ve^'se is much like the present in form) and ^nL^^Olsq^ KaK^ I KU^opras oUrpi^ Kal pepap^apu^ii^ovs (where the MSS. give Lapkp^^euc.) It seems strange that Nauek, who suggested the right reading in the present passage, did not correct the vs. in the Antiyone, 778. 9vpQ.Cov—ixdvois -trvKaa-Qds : cf. v. 832, also Hhes. 90, 713. . he thinks ot (7/ci^0V too (oIj/os 6>7r€(Tw^ (TKi/^v), when lie says crKv<(>pv«|i^ois : cf. V. 777.— The sigmatism of this vs. is a hiss of contempt. 801. »s 7* KT€ : 'absolute infin. ' ; see Goodwin, M. ami T. § 778 (where this example is cited ad fin.), 802. aXj\Qia% = iTV(JLU}S, 6 Pto9 : * that (so-called) life of theirs,* ista vita, 803. 4friM*»' » cf. rv. 227, 0U(^. 804. With tho clo8c of this V8. cf. lUraci, 507. 805. 0vpato9: of. vv. 814, 828;=^^Wof, w. 810, 682. «533, 646. 807. ri iCxriv ; ' what ».^t ad f^fvKs per J um? hoc est, funert pertstriuo nvn < itiif J 'Ul luMrnti'H, scnlndia fouUum tHttrut, Ou^it T to be ill treated on account of a stmnjcer's death V (5! This idiomatic u«n of oiW^Ka {.-.tt/ T^nrtMr-^. T!io slave wpeaka with'bitter and sorrowful :...-,.. 812. |wSv : in a tone of surprise. ovK lf<^palc : * would not t<;ll. ' 813. xo-ipwv 10' : * never mind about that.' 814. Cf. llipj). 881 aiai, KaKu>v dpxvyoy iKeen made the victim of a plot says to Achilles: dXX 9j Hiroved Seipd ; fXPtjaTevu) ydfiovs | ovk Suras j ws ei^aaiv aidovfxai rddf. Ach. taojs eKeprdjJLrfae Kdfjuk Kal ??. Tho intefraptioii of U10 «tichwuviiiy mui in> l . inion of a V*. UlWC*^' tyro dlXakcTR f -r— -tly culW dl^uX^.ir, , ill tliU pUH^, 4 'd tfith Uic ..... uiat w<» Jiiid the >oIjn]ium o» Cnt Xotr^>. »iavR giren the oditan« mui'h trouble. Wilnm- ^y ^T nir^ f Anftf^du JuHrividi-a^ YK ll»6i : "Apud Kuri^ -is f^ .: AOtilabll tiixm turn c.ux>rjt ab AeachylM 9< ito d ni hi rtfrmB; Ale. 390 v?., 817- ^2>D, nil) [th<« ptuMiKCK arc nuotwl in M[\ li Timum excmplum <-tcu*.i non imttgct, ita t^M'liuiu ex .im^ilari actJoaiu cx' um duco ; nam versus cum Nanckio elcientii \\x po«8uut riucri. At 817 <^. non aoInih Iuidc l«geni vtoUnt, 9td eliam *t thi«m inportVDtsdnie iutcmnupunt. At Sr! *' ita tti^-^iJO .npuriof wae idf [not 8m Cm. «\ot<«l, recttifisimo i^titur Kircb!ioihu)9 lactifiae la causa Hct08 dixit." After dcrotiug uiucb -* jMMa^, I an - *- *^ rougldy oonrinood d 1; To borrow iwi.un'.'V^iu^ cxpresdon, "ex atn^'uuii ^uuoiig exeuMtum doco," &s I bavc cxplaincil above. ^^2 EUKIPIDES' ALCESTIS Tts 8' 6 KarOavwv : cf. v. 530. 820. Cf. vv. 514-517. Hemcles repeats his former ciuestions in the belief that he has been deceived by Adnietus. 4)pov8ov : so. eVri, a euphemism like /3^/37;/c€»/. 821. K-^v o{iv : corrective, 'no, but,' bnmo vera. 822. ^6iTa SfiTa : * at such a time forsooth.' Cf. elra in v. 696 with the note. c|€vCScT€: conative. 823. ^8€tT0 : cf. V. 600 (t6 yap ci^ci/^s ktH dirwo-ao-eat : see Goodwin, J/, and T. § 903, 1. 824. ^ ctxctX.^ an apostrophe to Adnietus. -xf ^^^ ^^^^'^ = rMixi,v Svretched' ; cf. vv. 470, 741. Schol. fi^Xte. i^|jLirXaK€S •. cf. v. 242. 826. olXV : 'well.' -ao-eoHiTlv: 'felt it.' 6^^ : sc. 'AdfJifrov. Cf. Phoen. 370. 827. Kovpdv : cf. v. 512. ^Doov : of the vMlmate goal, instead of Trpos rd^oi/. 829 U ' in view of the force of the preceding impevf. eneide we can best translate here 'until.' v.eppaXC.. = v.ep^PaXou Kai. . . pCa e«,.ov: "invito anim.:' as Monk renders, citing as parallel /^i? 0pecui', Aesch. Theb. 612. .dcrS- 4..pPaX»v .vXas , the ™«t^lf ^ ^^^,.f S^rficnivTis r ^yafintlaf t^erinT-oU?' pa^it^fv^^ mountains or rivers. An accusative either of a reflexive or a Cdt^'aL"' is regularly understood with the ^b^^^^^^^^^^^^ of the compound when used in this sense ; cf. Lat. traicen . 830. ^irivov : ' I began to drink.' NOTES 163 (^ 831 sq. oin-u) : i.e. KaKQs. Kq.ra : cf. v. 701, and Theseus' exclamation at linding Phaedra dead (///>;>. 806 sq.) aial'Tl dijra roldb' duearefifjLai Kapa I irXeKToiaL (pvWois, dvaTvxv^ dewphs &v ; crT€<}>dvois TTVKacrOeis : cf. v. 796. dXXd : he turns sharply upon the attendant. crov rh ^^ <}>pd : the future seems to be potential ('where can I find'). Cf. Hipp. 1066 sq. 835. opG^v: cf. ' high-road.' Adpto-av : an old Pelasgic settlement, the modern capital {Trpu)Tevovaa) of eastern Thessaly. €p€t : the road is spoken of as a beast of burden. 836. TvpPov i^icrrov : cf. HcL 986 iirl ^eardp Tacfx^}. ^earov, 'smoothed,' ' dressed,' is especially used of stone by Euripides, and is here employed with reference to the monument over the grave. The objection that any proper monument could hardly be set up at such short notice is of little moment ; for the poet intended his audience to think of the lovely sculi)tures of their own cemetery of the Ceramicus, situate t-wl rod KaXXlcrov TTpoaareiov rrjs irdXeias (Thuc. 2, 34, 5). There is, therefore, no need to adopt Nauck's x^'^'^^v (which might be supported by Ion 388, Orest. 1585, lUies. 414). €K irpoatrrCov : with KarSxpeL. €k does not^^^w here. 837. Cf. Orest. 466 Co rdXaiva Kapdia xpvxv t' eyurj. The address to one's inner being is in the Homeric manner. With iroXXd rXdaa cf. Theseus' speech to Heracles, //. F. 1250, 6 TToXXd 87] rXds 'HpaKXiis X^yei rdde; o^j. 3„j>,,^ jAo-^i, .c 4-^ 838 sq. Cf. on v. 505. Notice the effective collocations : Tipvvdia 'KX^KTpvouos — ^AXKfiTfjUTj Ad, 841. t8pva7H.aTa)v : part. gen. with J^'^oura These TpodyfmTa are the lil)ations offered to the shade of the deceased ; cf. the Aeschylean passages cited on v. 613. Trpo- (Tcbayua is properly a * blood-otfering ((r^a^tv) in hehalt (Trpo- of some one (cf. lou 278 IfrXr, irpb yaias a: 'clutch'; cf. v. 1142. 848. Igaip^crcTai : U. iK x^po"^^ ^V^^" ^.^^- ,"'• ^^ .^"^^ ^^7;"" With vv. 846-8 cf. HeracL 976 sq. (parodied by Aristoph. lac. 316 sq.). Cf. also Med. 792 sq, 849. irXcvpd: ace. of specification. Schol. Kara irXevpai' (xoyovvra. jicdrj : remiserit. 850 He puts his possible failure before the cause of it— ^^7-^^ before ix^ fi6\v. This order of thought is eminently natural to one boldly aiming at a result and yet taught by experience to deal with possible obstacles and failures. Cf. the note on v. 64 sq, 851 alaaTtipov irc'Xavov : * bloody libations.' This might seem to imply that animals were actually slain at the grave. For the usual components of the H\auo^ cf. Aesch. Pcrs. 607- 618 and /. T. 159-166. aifJLarrjpb^ TrAa^^os is used figuratively of the blood of those slain in battle in M^s. 430, like 7rAa,/os alixaroarayvs (v. 1. for ai^iaroacpayvs) in Aesch. Pers. 81b. €1^11 : ' I am off ' seems to reproduce the tone. 852. Kdpiis : cf. on v. 358. dvaKTos= nXoiVo^i/os. It is perhaps as the human mediator that Persephone is mentioned first. NOTES 165 ' 853. alri^o-ofiai : of. v. 164. T€ : * too. ' d|€iv &VW : cf. v. 983 sq. 854. x«po"^v €v0€ivai : cf. Horn. A 446 (of Odysseus restoring his daughter to Chryses)''f2? il-Trujv iu x^P<^'' riOei. 855. 8s: virtually = e/caj/os 7ci/). ov8* dirriXaa-c : cf. v. 565 sq. 856. Cf. v. 405 and note. 857. ^KpvirT€ : conative. iav -ycvvatos : cf. v. 860. 859 sr[. ris 'EXXdS* oIkwv : strict conformity would demand Tis 'EWrfvujp after ris QeaaaXQp. KttKov <()u)Ta : 'base fellow.' KaKoy is contrasted with yevuato^ both socially and morally. •ycvvatos -yc-yws : cf. av/uLcpopas (p^peiu in v. 416, and the note ad loc. Heracles leaves the stage in haste. Presently Admetus's voice is heard as he returns in utter bereavement, the mourn- ful anai)aests keeping time to his heavy steps. The following verses (vv. 861-933) form a KOfi/mSs, or res})onsive dirge. 862. \-f\p(av : he identifies the house with himself ; cf. on v. 566 sq. 864. TTws &v oXoijxav : desire and contingency are blended in this form of expression, which is a favourite with Euripides ; cf. note on /jloXol in v. 52. We find the same phrase in Med, 97, M^s. 751. 865. Papv8a(^ova \t.r]rr\p p! ^tckcv : cf. Hom. ^ 25 Nau- aiKaay rl v() a w5e ixediqixova yelvaro fXTjTrjp ; 866. KcCvwv ^pafxai : ' I yearn for them,' i.e. for their com- panionshij). With this use of k€lvo3v cf. AfA/ce? in v. 744, and the note ad loc. 868. av-yds : sc. yjkiov. 869. TfdSa irejcvwv : cf. v. 416. 870 sq. Toiov KT€ : cf. v. 65. 8}xt^pov diroo-vXTio-as irapcSwKcv : the metaphor is derived from the taking of statf- hostages ; cf. Hdt. 6, 73 eKelvol re (sc. ot irepl Aeirrvxidea) iTnXe^dfievoi &p5pas 5^Ka AiyivTjT^cov ro^s TrXeiVroi' d^iovs Kal wXovTip Kal y^veX ^yov — * dyaybvre^ dk cry)* oI8a : cf. v. 796. 878. 4iXK«(r€v : 'galled,' 'chafed,' from '^\kos, idcus. Meta- phor from the chafing of a burden (/iapela avficpopd), 879. a|JLapT€iv : it seems better to say that the infin. is felt as a genitive here (=toO dfiaprelu : cf. v. 11 and note), than to explain, as Hermann does, d^aprelv wi(7t9is dX6xoi',— ri fiel^op KaKov ; Such a passage as Aesch. Aif. 601 s^iq.^ ri yap \ yvvaid tovtov (p^yyos vdiov Spa/ceii/, | dwb (rrparetas dvopa adbaavTos deov \ Tri'Xa? dvol^ai ; in which tovtov anticipates and indicates the construction of the appositive infin. dvo7^ai (much like the article before the infin.), shows us how the idiom before us became possible. W. Dindorf, who cites the Aeschylean passage, says of dfiapTcly that it is " negligentius dictum pro ij d/jLapTelv.'' 880 sq. |i^ <5)<|>€Xov : the negative in this common idiom arises from the fact that it is felt as a wish,— a wish for that which is unattainable, because past forever. u.€Ta TTi€p€iv ktI : the Job's comfort of v. 416 sqq. J 931 ,sqq. 894. TTiilii av€itXwv : genitive of source, rather than objective gen. 897 sqq. €KwXvo-as : addressed to his chief attendant. ptx(/at : genitive. The verb is used of flinging oneself down to death in Jfel. 132.'> and Cijcl. 166 without pronom. object. Tvp-Pov Td ffxw^'''' oLKuyv^ u) wot ' evrvx^is 86fxoi. The word connotes familiarity, homeliness— * well-known form.' Cf. Plat. Crlto, 53 D, where (txw^^ i« contrasted with crKevrj^ 'disguise.' 912. pcTamirTovTos : a figure from dice-playing. 91 3. SaijJLOVos = rvxT]^. rh fX€erha]>s the poet hardly thought of tliis. Cf. T. Mommsen, (ubr, voit tXCas dXoxov '- ef. v. 876. X€pa pacTTCitwv : cf. on v. 19. Ct^' *^^ 918. Kwjios : the wedding-])rocession. 919. 6XpLta)v : 'pronouncing us 6\fiioiy' 'congratulating,' like ixdKapi^ijjv . 920. ws : introducing oratio ohliqiia after the X^7w»' implied in oX^i^Lov. dir' d^4>0T€pv : sc. tCov t6t€. The gen. goes with dvri- in dvTiwaXo^. 923. Cf. Hcl. 1088 iriw\u)v re XevKwtf fUXavas avraXXd^o/jLai. -^^.'^^^^ NOTES 924. TTi\L'tTO\xri : prosccmdur ; personification. 169 ; 925. XcKTpwv Kotras : cf. Med. 435 sq. rets dvdvbpov \ Koiras oX^aaaa XiKrpov. 926. irap' : 'alongside of,' implying contrast. Monk rendei-s "confestim secutus prosperam fortunam." 927. d-rrcipoKaKw : Monk cites, most aptly, Thuc. 5, 105 fxaKapliXCa : ' dear one,' semi-substantive in apposition witli odpiap. 931-3. Cf. vv. 417 s^., 892.9^. irapcXvo-cv : of unyoking one of a pair of animals. Cf. pa^4 t i^ibvT evbaLfxovdv (referring to the salutations xa^/>f and eT'Sai/xot'OiT/s). TToi Tp€x(/ojiat : cf. o]i v. 834. 944. ivhov c|- : note the juxtaposition of opposites. 170 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS 945. ilr dv : 'as often as.' 946. lit = Kaerj(TTO. oTC-yas = Soyuoi's, " rooms. ' 947. avxH^tlpov : squaUdnm, because there was no woman at home to see that the servants performed their offices ])r.)]>erly. In Aristoph. Xuh. 43 sq. Strepsiades says of liis ])achelorlK)od ifxol yap Tju dypoiKO^ TJdiJTOS (iios \ evpcjTiwv aKbpr)TO^ ktL dfx4)l ■yovvaori : ' at either knee. ' 948. irCiTTOvTa ; 'clinging.' KXaCti : * cry for ' ; cf. v. 189 sq. ol 84 : sc. oiKhai. 949. otav KT€ : saying oiav Seffiroriu €k So^jluv airuAlffatxev. Indirect exclamation. Cf. 7. T. 541 irah ^r o»V' dTrcuXoA^T;!' (sc. Ik bbfjujiv). 950. Cf. Soph. AL 1021 roiaiVa ^h kut oIkoi^- iv Ipolq. 5^ /iot,— a most noteworthy parallel. KgwOcv : ' from without,' as if he were between two fires. 951 sq. ^dp-ot: ' marriage- feasts,' 'marriage-processions.' eXtoo-i : ' harass.* JvXXo-yoi •ywaiKoirXii0cis : 'assemblages of women,' as at the Thesmophoria. The phrase is reminiscent of yvvaiKOirXTjOiis 6lj.i\os in Aesch. Pers. 121 sq. 952. €^aviio\iai = dvvT]aoiJiai av^x^ddai. t^ implies accom- jtlishment. 953. Xcvo-o-wv : ' the constant sight of.' 954. The self - consciousness of Admetus finds a similar expression to that of Nausicaa (Hom. j* 275) nal vv rts a>5' dirrfCL KaKUJTepos di^TilioXrija^ ktL €p€i ; i.e. to his neighbour. jji* : *of me.' 956. d+DX^<2. : cf. vv. 642, 696, 717. 957. cIt : cf. V. 696. 958. Cf. V. 338 sq. avrbs : emphatic, Mt was his own fault,' as if we had aiV6s amos Cov iirel ovk ijOeXc. ov ScXwv : recusaiis. NOTES 171 959. KaKotci = av/jL^opais. KXT]8dva : * reputation ' ; cf. v. 315. 960. 8fjTa : 'then, pray,' 'under such circumstances,' referring to the preceding sentence and rendered more explicit by the following words. Kt)8iov : sc. Tov OaveiUy redvavaL. Cf. Aesch. Prom. 1A1, Eur. Med. 798. 961. A repetition of rotcti/Sc — e^w in v. 959 sq. — kXvovti- aKovovTL^ idiomatic passive of X^yeiu, ' say (good or ill) of.' VIII. ZTAIIMOX TPITOX (vv. 962-1005). The first strophe and antistrophe celebrate the absolute power of Necessity. In them the Poet professes his fatalistic faith, based upon long study. In the second strophe and antistrophe the case of Admetus is cited as confirmatory evidence of the power of Necessity ; but an attempt is made to cheer him by citing the fate of the sons of gods. Alcestis's virtue is extolled, and heroic honours at her tomb are foretold. The comfort offered in v. 989 sq. seems to form, as it were, the text of the choral-sermon in Soph. Antig. 944-987. * 962. 67W : the Poet speaks by the mouth of his Chorus. 8td jxov€ia Y-ppv? : the art is put for the poet. KaT€7pa\|/€v : 'wrote down/ 'deposited in writing'; see on V. 9t)7. 5co v. 76 and note ; for the significant act referred to, Hom. A 524-30. 979. 0ivovori : the figure is taken from the setting of a heavenly body ; cf. Aesch. Pers. 377 sq. iirel 3^ (p^yyos ijXiov KaTi(f)0LTo I Kai vv^ itrrieL, iraiScs €V Oavdru): parallel to OeCjp (tkotlol. 991 sq. <(>tXa \l\v — <}>CXa 8* : epanaphora. p.€0' T)p.«v : ' among us.' Oavovo-a : ' now that she has died. ' 994. ^^€v|a> KXwrCais Akoitiv : juxtaposition of associated words. /cXtfriats^ewats, XiKTpots, — a rare usage, perhaps without nearer parallel than /. 2\ 856 sqq.' Axt-XX^ujs \ ts KXiaiav X^KTpujv boXC 6t ' dydfiau. 174 EUKiriDES' ALCESTLS 99r)-9. Cf. pcjfJLos 6 rdcpos in the Siinonidean fragment (* 4. [9] Hergk) on the heroes of Thermopylae, of whicli this passage seems to be a conscious echo. Cf. also Aesch. 67to. ^106 aldovfihrj s tv/xPov warpos, Aristoph. Thcsm. 887 sq. KaKT) Aca/cujs r&p i^oXeT, \ 6s : cross-cut comparison {^ comjiaratio com- jtemUaria ') for pujjLohi OeQv. a-i^as €jnr<$pv\aK€S evrjrCjv dudpwirwv. 1004. €^ 8oCt^s: cf. Androm. 750 deol a^ai : nearly = ci)0>7AUat. IX. EHOAOS (vv. 1006—1163). (Vv. 1006-7, which usher in Heracles, are spoken by the Coryphaeus after the conclusion of the choral-sung pro^wr, and, therefore, belong to the i^o8os.) Aristotle {Poet. r>. 12) says: ^^o8os 5e fi^pos 6\ov rpayifdias fxed' 6 ovK ((TTi xopov fi4\os (i.e. an antistrophic ode). The Coryphaeus first addresses Admetus, who has remained on the stage during the preceding ode. Heracles then enters, apparently from the left. 1006. Kal jji^v ; see on v. 507. 1007. €{Xos : military metaphor=*to be mustered in the ranks of your friends' (lit. mustered as a friend), i.e. ' to be regarded or treated as a friend (uofu^eaSai : tlat. of means. 1027. deXT^Taio-tv : ' for athletes,' i.e. for them to coiiteiid in. djiov TTovov : appositive to dyC}ya. 1028 sq. viKTiTTipta XaPwv : ' having received her as piizc of victory ' (phiral tor sing.). TOL Kov<|>a : inner object with vlkCxtlv. Schoh to. ^tv yap Kov rjviox^^taL ('chariot-races') rd irepi TaxvTTjTOS Kal Kovcporrrros. 1031. Pou4)6pPta = d7Ar7 PoQy (Schol.), or rather simply poes. 1032 tir* avTOis : ' in addition to them ' (i.e. to the j^ovcpop- ^ta). Cf. the list of prizes in Hom. ^ 262 sqq. Heracles implies that he did not take the oxen because he liad no use for them. €VTvxovTi. : * to one that happened upon (the games).' 1033. Construe ai^xp^v rjv irapeivai rbhe /c^p5os emXeh {6v).^ Note contrasted terms at either end of the vs.— it was * shameful ' because the gain was ' glorious. ' trapcivai : * to let slip,' from irapl'qfj.L \ cf. 939. 1034. 0LT dv : Schol. SiVarat rp^cpeadai. 1050. V€a "ydp : sc. iffTiv. irp^€v : apparently impersonal, 'is manifest* 1051. TTOTcpa : correl. to ij in v. 1055. 8f]T : ' forsooth.* dvSpcov aTiyr\v = dpdputfLTLda. Kar — €voiKT)vi^S : Schol. KaSapd dpSpwp, &(p6opos dpdpiop. o-TpwtJxuptcvi) : ver sails. 1053. ^crrai = /-cei'et, biareKd. 1054. TTpo^TiOtav txia^TTpopoLap ex^ (v. 1061), irpopoQ). 1055. Tpccjxf) : subjunct. 1056. Kal TTws : cf. v. 1052. €7r€cr(})pw : 2nd aor. subj. " The Old Attic has a few forms (imperf. and 1st and 2nd aor.) that seem to come from a verb (ppi-nfJ-t, conjugated like itj/ju and identical with it in meaning. A compound Trpoirj/jn has been suggested ; but this must have been long forgotten, since we find two prepositions before the verb. As yet no real explanation of the verb has been found." (Wilamowitz on H. F. 1267.) Brugman {Ncne Jahrhh. f. PhiloL, 1880, pp. 217-230) explains that a vb. (ppeuj or iricppTffiL (from the root bhcr ' carry ') was confused in certain forms, by false analogy, with trjfu {eiffi-qfu nearly = eiV^^/Jw).— The form here VLsed = eir€fjs H^€p6 : conative. 1078. KapTcpciv : sc. riva. Cf. v. 1071. 1079. irpoKoirTois : a metaphor taken from clearintc ground. Cf. Jfipp. 23. fe s OiXois : 'should wish,' 'should persist in.' 1080. ?pws = 7r6^os, * yearning,' as Heracles virtually inter- prets in the foil. vs. Cf. also v. 1087. l^aya : i.e. beyond the bounds of moderation. 1082. Cf. Ilcc. 667 sq. kAti : /cat = /cat rauTa. 1083. Cf. V. 615 sq., also Med. 364. 1084. &€X€iv : for the tense of the inf. see Goodwin, M. and T. §§ 100, 136. 180 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS 1092. oirovrrcp : 'even where.' 1093. For the repetition cf. v. 1017. |jio)piav 6p(^ jiupiau 6(p\LaKdvo}. The metaphor is drawn from the law-courts. 1094. Understand tadi. ''us is sometimes used witli an ellipse of taOi ('be sure that') in giving a peremptory ulti- matum or a decisive assurance." (Jebb on Soph. At. 39.) The negative of the oratio obliqiia conforms to the unexpressed imperative. Cf. Ian 313. 1095. For the idiomatic aorist see Goodwin, M. and 'i\ §60. 1096. irpoSovs : with the special sense that it has in v. 1059. 1097. "ycvvattuv : 'hospitable.' Heracles artfully touches Admetus's weak point. 1098. JATJ : sc. aiTr)tible of a twofold interpretation. Admetus understands : * It is not without reason that I on my part have this desire ' ; Heracles means this and also (for the audience) : * It is because I know something that, you do not (viz. that you are about to receive back Alcestis).' (Possibly the text is corrupt. I have thought of n k€5v6v for ti Kd^w.)— Heracles* answer is marked by a quiet lirmnoss that shows Admetus that lie nmst yield. Admetus has just indicated (in v. HOG) his reluctance to give offence. ^Xw TTpoQv^Cav : cf. v. 51. 1108. viKa vvv : 'well then, have your way.' \i^v : ' however.* 1109. ^o-e* 6Q' = ^i'[oT€.—ln writing vv. 1108 and 1109 it IS not improbable that Euripides had in mind the conclusion of the dispute between Clytaemnestra and Agamemnon in regard to the latter's triumphal entry into his palace (Aesch. Afj. 941 sqq.) : CI. to7s d' dXpiois ye kcll rb VLKaadai irp^ireL. Ag.' rj Kal (TV vLKTiv TTjvde 8t)plos tIcls. CI. widoO' Kparels f^Avrot Trapeis y ' eKojv iixol. 1110. KojxCt«T* : addressed to the attendants, as shown by the following vs. 8€jad4 fx' i^ewXr]^' 68ov \ irou-qpos ovdcis. So here Admetus fears that he may have been driven out of his right mind by his sudden joy. Cf. the use of exterrere in the quotation to vs. 1123 sq. 1126. OVK ^oTiv, dXXd : ' not so, but ' ; cf. Soph. Ant, 288 ^q. t) Toi>s KaKovs TL^Covra^ eiaopgiS Oeovs ; | ovk ^(Jtlv. aWa raOra ktL In such cases we may mentally supply oi'rws after ^ctlv. TTJvS' : * ill this woman,* * here.' NOTES 183 1127. 5pa -yc \l'(\'. 'beware though lest' Admetus is still timid. Cf. Hel. ;'>69, where Menelaus prays, after Helen has declared her identity : w (pioacpop 'EKarrj, Tr^/jure (pdafxaT €V/Ji€Vrj. 1128. xl/vxavw-ybv : literally *one that draws souls (i/^uxds ^7^0 (to the upper world).' Cf. Aesch. Pers. 687 and Heliodor. Aethiop. 2, 11. TovS* : i.e. * hi me,* = T6»'5' &v8pa. 1129. ^Gairrov : Svas just now engaged in burying.' The latter half of this vs. is very similar to that of v. 1126. The last two feet are repeated in v. 1131. 1130. (rd<}>* l' I ^^Xtttov €\jp7]fx , 6v Kara yds ev^pujv \ xB6plov /xerd Ilepaeipduas r' iSdKovif vaUiv, and Electr. 578 sq. ocras : the metaphor seems to be taken from repairing a ruined house. — There seems to be a slight pause after this vs., indicated by the asyndeton. 1139. ^7r€^\|/as : 'escort,* 'bring,' ^70769, iKd/xtaas. 184 EURIPIDES' ALCESTLS NOTES 185 1140. \i-a.\r]v Jvvdxj/as : he thinks of the grapple with Death. 8atp.dva)v : * departed spirits'; cf. daiiJiijjy iu v. 1003, with the note ad loc. T^ = iKeivif) T(}f illi, 1141. 4>f|S : with reference to the expected tanswer. 1142. Cf. V. 846 sq. €K Xdxov |jidp\}/as = ^/c \6xov op/jLrjOeU Kal ix6.p\pas or Xox^tras Kol juLCLpif/as. — Admetus seems now to turn to Alcestis, who stands mute and motionless. He then turns again to Heracles. 1143. ^dp : introducing the matter of the question as a reason for asking it. 1144. Q(\iis : fas. 1145. kXvciv : 'answer.' irplv dv : * till haply ' ; d/' implies a condition still to be fulfilled. 1146. da"YvCta, aT€Kvos, iraTcpa, daKpva. (See Rumpel, op. cit. p. 410.) Thus we find Trar^pa (vv. 339 and 647), ui'opa (v. 351), and irorepa (vv. 520 and 1051). 188 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS (b) Anapaest: vv. 10, 25, 75, 344, 375, 37G, 796, 832, 844, 1150. Of these ten anapaests six are completely formed of single entire words. In two cases (vv. 75 and 844) the quantity of the third syllable is due in part to the following word. In v. 375 the anapaest consists of a disyllabic preposition and part of its regimen (^tt? toIo--) ; but this is a regular form of initial anapaest (see Kumpel, aji cif. p. 413 sq.). Two of the initial anapaests of the Alcedis are formed by the word u-T€(f>dvoL^ (vv. 796, 832); one hy (rT€(/)cxi'oi's (v. 344). We find Up^a in v. 25 and t€/305 in V. 75. Proper names in the first place are ^.deviXov in v. 1150 and Qdvarov in v. 844. (The first place in the verse is peculiarly sacred to the anapaest in proper names, such anapaest not necessarily comprising the whole of the name.) (c) Dactyl: v. 802. There is caesura after the long syllable, but this is not essential in the initial dactyl. 2. Second foot : — Tribrach: vv. 159, 166, 175, 187, 839, 1095, 1141. In every case except v. 839, where the tribrach forms the second half of a proper name, the regular caesura after the first ^ appears. (This is true also of V. 542, if the emendation be sound.) . The absence of other trisyllabic feet in the second place is regular. 3. Third foot :— (a) Tribrach: vv. 10, 24, 137, 159, 506, 785, 798, 847. All these have the regular caesura after the first u. (b) Dactyl: vv. 311, 552, 611, 642, 671, 675, 684, 687, 691, 694, 754, 802, 851, 940, 1055, 1072. I APPENDIX 189 Of these dactyls all but three (vv. 611, 754, 851) have the regular caesura after the -. In vv. 611 and 851 the caesura falls between the two consonants that make position; in v. 754 it falls before the double consonant that makes position. This is a common license. There is a secondary caesura after the first kj in v. 802, but it falls between article and noun. 4. Fourth foot : — (a) Tribrach : vv. 3, 50, 483, 655. All these have the regular caesura after the first o. There is an apparent secondary caesura after the second ^ in v. 3, between article and noun. Two trisyllabic feet occur in the same verse as follows : V. 10 (anapaest 1, tribrach 3 : this combina- tion appears [ace. to Rumpel, oj), cit p. 419] 19 times in Euripides), v. 159 (tribrach 2 and 3, a common position [see Kumpel, op, cit. p. 417]), v. 802 (dactyl 1 and 3, the only position in which two dactyls appear [see Rumpel, op. cit. p. 418]). Only in V. 159 are the resolutions compensated by spondees. In order of frequency the trisyllabic feet occur as follows: dactyl 3, 16; anapaest 1, 10 ; tribrach 3, 8; tribrach 2, 7; tribrach 1, 5 ; tribrach 4, 4; dactyl 1, 1. If we compare Sophocles' treatment of the trimeter in the Ajax and Antigone we shall find a slight tendency to introduce a tribrach in the fifth place — a feature that does not appear in either Medea or Hippolytus. See Ai. 459 (single entire word — TreSta), Ant. 418 {ov pavXov I d^o^: perhaps a corruption). (In the Oedijms Ilex we find two tribrachs in this place: vv. 1496 [Trarc/^a] and 1505 [a-<^€ | Trc/^t-].) In the Antigone we find comparatively few dactyls 190 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS in the third place (I count only 11); in the Ajax there are 29 (exclusive of v. 968). But this paucity of third-foot dactyls in the Antigone must be accounted rather an individual feature of that play ; for in Aeschylus' Prometheus we find 18 (see Wecklein on Prom. 18). The Antigone is noteworthy also in having two dactyls in the fourth place (vv. 11, 1108), but no initial anapaests and no double re- solutions. For the Sophoclean elision at the end of a trimeter (iTTurvvaXoicfiy)) see Antig, 1031 with the notes of Schneidewin-Nauck and Jebb. II. — The Lyric Metres The division of the verses in tlie lyric portions of the text is, in the main, that of Kirchhoff ; but in the following passages I have preferred Nauck's : vv. 121 = 130, 214 = 227, 400-403 = 413-415, 438 S(/. = 448 sq., 443 s^. =453 sq., 461 5(/. = 471 sq., 591 sq, = 600 sq., 872-876 = 889-893 (except that I have set e e by itself), 903 sq. = 926 sq,, 984 = 995, 989 sq, = 1000 sq. For the division, as well as the emendation, of v. 254 and for the division of v. 261 I am responsible. (J. H. H. Schmidt's arrangement will be found in full detail in the third volume of his Kunstforrnen der gr, Poesie.) INDEX TO NOTES I.—GREEK [The references arc U) the lines as given in the Explanatory Notes.] I d^iuTos 241 sqq. dydXfjLara {veprepcjif) 613 dyKaXr} (iv dyKaXais) 351 dyi^i^eiv 75 sq. dydjv 489 g.8r}s = 0dpaTos 13 ddLK€ii^=:' infringe upon ' 30 del Trore 568-9 aidws 597-605 aifxara, force of plur. 496 al/jLoppaPTos 134 aivelv 2, 12 &K\avTos 173 dKpaKpi^Tjs 1052 d\rj6w$ = eTVfjL0}S 802 aXis w. gen. 334; =ix€Tpim 907 dXXct nearly = dXX' 6>wj 389; = *nay,' * pray ' 541 dXX' 6')uws 217 sq. dXV orV 363 sq. dfiaprdueiv = (TTcpeLcrdaL 615 sq. TdiX7]xo-vcL ^Tfreiv 202 sq. d/j.6s = €iuL6s 396 dfX(pLTr6\oL 89 d/u0t Tri^Xas 90 &v with oUa 48 ; repeated 72, 96 sq., 471-5, UQsq. ; ellip- tical 181 sq. ; attached to interrogative word 942 sq. ; indicative of uncertainty 1021 s^. &va = sursum 276 dua^dWeadaif metaphor in 526 duayKahi 533 dva^ = ll\ovTQ)v 852 dvdpQv aT^yr} = dp8pup2TLs 1051 dvdvaT €PV/jL7J 522 dairovdos 424 d(TT^j/aicro5 173 dre/ci'os 656 dri^eLv = aTL/JLa^eiv 1037 dTLfxd^€LV=V^pL^€lV 658 ai)7at = dfcrrj/ej 206 auSdj^^ 'mean' 106 avdis — TrdXtj' 188 ai'\6s 345 sqq. avxM-VP^^ = sq ualidus 947 ai'xti) 95 d(payvi^e(.v 1146 paard^cLv 19 ; =iKop^eLV 8 pov(p6pPLa = p6€s 1031 ^/^^ras 974 ppdxos ovpdvLOS 230 7d/iot = * chances of marriage ' 315 sq. 7dp=*that is to say' 158; ironical 715 7c=* really' 150; enhancing repetition 217 sq. ; intensive 376 ; in unusual position 524 ; =*yet' 1100 76 fJLTlV 516 y€vvam 165 5^.; = Miospit- able' 1097 yyjpoTpdipos 668 yiyvuxTKiLV = fxavddviLv 418 y\C)(Topai 772, 959 KaKoppodelu 707 KaWiyao^ \ifjLua 589 sqq. Ka\Q^ ^Xe^as 1104 Ka\u3S 9jKov with gen. 291 sq. KaprepeTif 1071, 1078 Kard with gen. 107, 163 icar* otKovs = ip otKOLS 19 KaTaypd(p€Lu = ' dei)Osit in writ- ing ' 968 sqq. Karevx^o'dcLL 162 Karix^Lv of sound 343 5^. Kdriij 45 K€5i/6s 96 5.7., 597-605 KidpLPOs 160 K^dpo^ 365 55'(/. fceij/os euphemistic 867 K€pat^€(T0aL 886 KipTOfio^ 1125 KrjdearaL 731 K^5os = i/e/cp6s 828 Ki7xdi'w 477 KiajLuos 756 KKalii) 64 kXtjSwv = (pruuLT) 315 5(7., 959 K\L7ros 430 5^. Kuai/airyes ^Xiireiv 260 Kvpios 105 KWJJiTJTaL 476 KWAtos = * wedding - procession ' 918 \aL\l/7}p6s 494 Xd(T/cet»' 345 s^(/. X^7€tv = AceXei'eti/ 425 s^'. Xei^eadai 1015 XeiTTo/iai with gen. 406 XeKTpwv KOiraL 925 X^^u = povXofiai X^^^ai 1020 Xt^cttt^s 766 A//8us ai)X6s 345 ^(^(y. Xnrap6s 449-452 X670S — ^pyoi' 339 Xoiadios 417 5Q'. Xoxdv = (^uXdrreiv, (ppovpeTv 846 Xi5ci»' = Xi;(TtT€X€tj' 625 S(7<7. XvTTjpios 224 /ittta 394 fiaKpip with superhitive 151 Atdv 89 jxapaiveadai 202 s//., 237 fxdpwTeLu 846 5(2'' M^^i^ 757 /ucXa7xaiTas 438-441 fx^Xaiva iJLr)n]p = yr} 757 fieXd/JLTrewXos (TtoXt) 427 fxeXd/jLTTTepos 843 /x^XXeiv with infinitive 26 ^Aos 357 s^y^. ^;/ oT'v = immo vera 821, 1113 /Lt^pos 471-5 /Lt^(rov = * difference ' 913 fjuerd with ace. = * in miest of ' 46, 6Q ; with gen. 795, 880 sq,, 898 IJL€TaKv/jiios 91 sq. fierdpffLos = /JL€T^u}pos 963 fi^ravXoL {dvpai) 549 5*7. )UT7 with infiu. in urat. obliq. 372 sq. 1X7) u}(p€Xov 880 sq. /j.TjXddiTOs 121 fiTjXovdfias 573 INDEX TO NOTES 195 At^i/ 64 ; = * however '1018 /xlacTfia 22 fioXird fieX^wv 454 fwudfjLirvKes iruiXoL^KeXrjTes 428 .s'(7. fxoudiraLs 906 fiop6aToXos 407 At6pos 32 ; dirorofios 118 fi6paL/j,op 939 jULopcpTjs fxirpa 1063 /JLov(Ta = ^ovaiKri 962 /uoi/(7-o7r6Xoi = dotSo^ 445 yuO^os = X6705 519 fivpaiPTj 171 fjnaplav 64)XL4eepov) 455-9 pLirT€LV 680 aavldes 967 (rd0' iV^t 1130 (rd' olSa 796, 875 (T^/Sas i/jLirdpuji^ 995-9 cr^/Seti/ 304 (T^^ei/ 383 (TeaiyrjTaL ditferent from dvoiS trvKaadeis 796, 831 s^y. (TToXfjLbs iriirXwv 216 (TTdfiaTa = x^^^V 403 (Ti^yK'atrts 410 ^p€iv 416 (Ti;*' indicating harmony 578-9 ; personifying 915 5^. ayiu)u AfXyetv 975 (T^dXXeti' 34 €Lfj.4vr) 524 ♦ . Protagoras, myth'C»f»59v-6t05 proverbial expressions 145, 202 sq., 309 sq.y 529, 1047, 1065 Relative, simple 195 ; generic 17, 241 sqq., 247 repetition 705 ; pathetic 382, 390, 443, 460-3 ; of verbal part of compound verb 400 rhapsodes 446 sq. rhyme for comic effect 782-85 Rutherford, W. G., on es with adverbs of time 526 SCAPTINSITLA 498 scenery, descriptions of 591-6 scholia, interpretations of 8, 357 sqq., 870 sq., 906, 967, 1028 sq., 1031, 1042, 1052 shortening of final long 90 sigmatism 62, 614, 800 Simonides (of Ceos), reminis- cence of 995-9 slang, Attic 679 Sophocles, corrections of (0. T. 80 sq.) 91 sq. ; {Ant. 1001 sq.)m stage-setting 746 stichomythy, inteiTuption of 819 strophe and antistrophe, ver- bal corresi)ondence between 124 sq., 238, 249, 258, 259 subjunctive 74, 75 sq., 120, 315 ----■.-. t , ». J V J » . , I, I, Tautology 21 wT>hessalT^^ x ^iiography and gcologv of 591-?^ f Thiidydides or. SpArta 476 tide on Greek coast 183 sq. •TithonuSj-Tiiyth of, alluded to •^ 713; : , , tmosis*160 • ' transition from dependent to independent structure 165 sq. ; the reverse 167 202 EURIPIDES' ALCESTIS II Vekijal adjective in -tos used actively 173 von Arnim, H., on irvyxo-^ov 10 AVatkr, niniiing 159 Wilamowitz-Moellendortf", von, on cliildfen in Eurijades 392 ; on P€0(r(r6s 403 ; on substantivised adjectives 597-605 ; on avTiXaPri 819 ; on (pplrjf^ 1056 wish, unattainabl(^ 536 Woolscy, T. D., on KaWivao^ 589 sqq. Wiisteniann, on ace. of pers. pron. with infm. 668 Zeuojia 430 sq. THE END • ft 4 ^ I • I •I ' 1 I « Printed by R. & K. Clakk, Edinburgh Works on Latin and Greek Grammar and Composition. GREEK. MACMILLAN-S GREEK COURSE. Edited by Rev. W. G. Rutherford, M. A. . LL.D., Headmaster of Westminster. Globe 8vo. FIRST GREEK GRAMMAR— ACCIDENCE. By the Editor, 2s FIRST GREEK GRAMMAR-SYNTAX. By the Editor. 2s. ACCIDKXCK AND SYNTAX. In one volume. Ss. 6d. EASY EXERCISES IN GREEK ACCIDENCE. By H. G. Underbill M A Assistant Master at St. Paul's Preparatory School. 2s. ' • •» A SECOND GREEK EXERCISE fioOK. By Rev. W. A. Heard. M.A.. Headmaster of Fettes College, Edinburgh. 2s. 6d. EASY EXERCISES IN GREEK SYNTAX. By Rev. G. H. Nall, M.A., Assistant Master at Westminster School. 2s. 6d. JI^SH^J^ ^^ GREEK ACCIDENCE. By the Editor. [In preparatim. MANUAL OF GREEK SYNTAX. By the Editor. [In Ipr^mtZn ELEMENTARY GREEK COMPOSITION. By the Editor. [Tnpr^TaZn. MACMILLAN'S GREEK READER. Stories and Legends. A First Greek Reader, with Notes, Vocabulary, and Exercises. By F. H. Colbon. M.A. Headmaster of Plymouth College. Globe 8vo. 3s. FIRST GREEK READE R. By Professor John E. B. Mayor, M. A., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d. GREEK FOR BEGINNERS. By Rev. J. B. Mayor, M.A., late Professor of Classical Literature in King's College, London. Part I., with Vocabulary, Is. 6d. Parts II. and III., with Vocabulary and Index. Fcap. Svo. Ss. 6d. Complete m one volume. 4s. 6d. SYN-rAX OF THE MOODS AND TENSES OF THE GREEK VERB. By i; • *^;,9??9^^^' LL'I>i D.C.L., Professor of Greek in Harvard University New Edition, revised and enlarged. Svo. 148. GREEK GRAMMAR. By the same. Crown Svo. 6s. GREEK GRAMMAR FOR SCHOOLS. By the same. Crown Svo. 3s. 6d FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Adapted to Goodwin's Greek Grammar, and de- signed as an Introduction to the Anabasis of Xenophon. By John Williams White, Assistant Professor.of Greek in Harvard University, U.S.A. Cr. Svo. A GREEK GRAMMAR FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. By James Hadley late Professor m Yale College. Revised by F. de F. Allen, Professor in Harvard College. Crown Svo. 6s. A TABLE OF IRREGULAR VERBS, classified according to the arrangement of Curtius 8 Greek Grammar. By J. M. Marshall, M.A., Headm^ter of the Grammar School, Durham. Svo. Is. FIR.ST STEPS TO GREEK PROSE COMPOSITION. By Blomfield Jackson, M.A. Pott 8vo. Is. r»d. KEY. for Teachers onlv Potf Svn Ra (\a SECOND STEPS TO GREEK PRbsE^a)Mp"s}l^bN^ '.1th kx^ Pai>ere. By the same. Pott Svo. 2s. 6d. KEY, for Teachers only. Pqtt Svo. 3s. 6d. ^ EXERCISES IN THE COMPOSITION OF GREEK IAMBIC VERSE. By Rev S*.*fI?'^T^V' D.D^ Professor of Classics in the University of Durham.' With Vocabulary. Ex. fcap. Svo. 5s. KEY, for Teachers only. Ex. fcap. P-^l^LKL PASSAGES FOR TRANSLATION INTO GREEK and ENGLISH With Indexes. By Rev. E. C. Macrie, M.A., Classical Master at Heversham Grammar School. Globe Svo. 48. fid. ANALECTA GR^:CA. Selected Passages for Translation. By J. S. Strachan. M.A., Professor of Greek, and A. 8. Wilkins, Litt.D., Professor of Latin Owens College, Manchester. Crown Svo. Greek Part. 2s. 6d. KEY to Greek Passages. Sewed, 6d. MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON. A A Works on Latin and Greek Grammar and Composition. LATIN. MACMILLAN'8 LATIN COURSE :- FIR8T PART. By A. M. Cook, M.A., Assistant Master at St. Pauls School. Globe 8vo. 3s. 6d. SECOND PART. By A. M. Cook, M.A., and W. E. P. Pantin, M.A. New and Enlarged Edition. Globe 8vo. 4s. 6d. MACMILLAN'S SHORTER LATIN COURSE. First Part. By A. M. Cook, M.A. Globe 8vo. Is. 6d. KEY for Teachers only. Feap. 8vo. 4s. 6d. Second Part. By A. M. Cook, M.A., and W. E. P. Pantin, M.A. Globe 8vo. MACMILLANS LATIN READER. A I^tin Reader for the Lower Fonns in Schools. By H. J. HaRDY, M.A., Assistont Master at Winchester. Globe 8vo. 2s. Cd. FIRST LATIN GRAMMAR By M. C. Macmillan, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. Is. 6d. A GRAMMAR OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE, from Plautus to Suetonius. By H. J. RoBY, M. A., late P'ellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Part I. Sounds, Inflections, Word-formation, Appendices. Crown 8vo. 9s. Part II. Syntax, Prepositions, etc. 10s. Cd. SCHOOL LATIN GRAMMAR By the same. Crown 8vo. 58. EXERCISES ON LATIN SYNTAX AND IDIOM. Arranged with reference to the above. By E. B. England, A ' rf»r at t CoUosti», Manchester. Globe8vo. 2s. 6>rT<*cheraonly. Gtote8v«t te. LATIN PROSE FTFt?- tcits^ BA^•^:D UPON CJ^f' * P^ .- .iri.. vfAR. With a Class!; csarV i'^^^f I'hfMC* ftnd rm cm Caesar's Usages. By Clement I; , M.A.» AuUUnt ? .it Dulwi