MASTER NEGA TIVE NO. 91-80290 MICROFILMED 1991 COLL-MBIA UNTVERSITY LBR.ARIES/NEW YORj: 'roi:nda:ions of"' as part of the : Preservation Project" Fimded bv the NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANTTIES Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia Umversir}' L:br;:jy COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright law of the United Siaie^^ - Title 17, United States Code - concerns the making of photocopies or other reproductions of cop\Tighted material..^. Columbia Uni\'ersit}- Library reserves the right to refuse to accept a copy order if, m its judgement, falfillment of the order would involve violation of the copxriehi law. AITHOR: ARISTOPHANES TITLE: ACHARNIANS; WITH INTRODUCTION ... PL A CE . OXFORD DA TE : 1893 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES Jl A \ 1 — I ". — ' J_j 1 \ V * V I. A 'v^-' JL Ti L-' l_i X. £ \ 1 \. A 1 V J. ,1. j 1 'f A Master Negative # B^j B Lj ( ) c ; R /\ pj: lie micrqjfqrm target Original Material as Filmed - Existing Bibliographic Record 8GAr5 I iwm^mt ■ Acharnenses . 1893. Aristophanes. v , ,• The Acharnians; with introduction, notes, and a duilecti- cai'-lossary by AV. W. Merry ... 4th ed., rev. ... Oxford, Chirendon press, 1803. 2 pt. in 1 V. IT"". (Clarendon prosf^ series) I. Merry. Wllllain Walter, 183r>-1018, eil. ii. Title. Lil)rary of Congress PA3870.AG 1893 i39dl| 1— 2G01 Restriclions on Use: TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA REDUCTION RATIO: J/. FILM SIZE:OjO_rV)__(^ IMAGE PLACEMENT: lA ^A) IB IIB DATH :::::ED:_/:^_:ij_2r.^y initials^^^j§_^___ F:LMI:DBY: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS. INC WOODDRIDGE. CT r Association for Information and Image Management 1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1100 Silver Spring, Maryland 20910 301/587-8202 .^ ^. Centimeter llllllllllllllllllllMlllllll TTT L Inches Jp^ 6 7 8 9 10 n Tl I I I 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ |2.8 2.5 ^^^ la p^^ 2.2 m&3 Ub H^B US laii 2.0 u »i u BilAU. 1.8 1.4 1.6 12 13 14 15 mm i iliiNliiiiliiiiliiiili mhm ITT I M I 5 1 MPNUFfiCTURED TO flllM STRNDPRDS BY APPLIED IMOGE- INC. ^' \, - ^ p^'^ " V ^"' "■"t < i-c ■■■!>; ,it' t-^sl *^ *'S!J*S«s'fSli|i''' ,,.^^j'.*^\ <^'*'^ f wfl l_^,t. ^ 1 ''n^^^S '■". ( /' • *3 to -• ! I- ^.-^ '-^^^'J^c^'t iy*! LIBRARY GIVEN BY H. L. McCutcheon i .i-..M»^«nj«& .taji*^ 1. \i Cfatrenlion ^veee Settee ARISTOPHANES THE ACHARNIANS WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND A DIALECTICAL GLOSSARY i;y W. W. MERRY, D.D. Rector 0/ Lincoln Colic s^e, Oxford FOURTH EDITION, REVISED [\ PAKT I.— INTBODUCTIOlSr AND TEXT '\i ©rfoirb AT IHE CLAREWDON TR^SS MDCCCXCIII »«f^ .«w « Bon5on HENRY FROWDE Oxford University Press Warehouse Amen Corner, E.C. (Jlew J)orR MACMILLAN & CO., 112 FOURTH AVENUE \\ \ \ t PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. This edition of the *Acharnians' of Aristophanes has been prepared as a companion volume to the * Clouds/ published last year in the Clarendon Press Series. In writing the notes I have made much use of the excellent commentary of Albert IMiiller (Hanov. 1863). My grateful acknowledgements are due to my friends Mr. R. Raper, of Trinity College, Mr. A. Sidgwick, of C. C. C, Oxford, and Mr. J. S. Reid, of Caius College, Cambridge, who have kindly examined my proof-sheets, and helped me with valuable suggestions. W. W. M. Oxford, September ^ 1S80. • « ■ « • • • • « t - • • 1 . • . « • • • . • • • • '•• •• •• •••#• . ••••• • •• ((C » • ^. t • • '■ , • • • • • • • • « . • • . I < . B 2 * , CONTENTS. Introduction Text PART 1. PAGE 7 13 PART IT. Notes Glossary of Dialectical Forms Index . 3 68 71 •M \ BY THE SAME ED/TOR. Homer. -•-♦- Odyssey, Books I-XII. With Introduction. Notes, &c Forty-fifth thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo., cloth . 5^. Books I, II. Separately .... etic/i is. td. Books VI, VII. E.xtra fcap. 8vo. . \5.(h1. Books VII-XII. Extra fcap. 8vo., cloth . 35. Books XIII-XXIV. Extra fcap. 8vo., cloth . ^s. Herodotus. Selections. Edited with Introduction and Notes. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2f. (>d. Aristophanes. (In Single Plays. Edited with English Notes, Introductions, &c. P'xtra fcap. 8vo.) The Acharnians. Fourth Edition 35. The Clouds. Third Edition y. The Frogs. Second Edition 35. The Knights. Second Edition 35. The Birds ... 3^. 6*^-. .' "h"-^ INTRODUCTION. The 'Acharnians* of Aristophanes was exhibited at the fes- tival of the Lenaea, in the month of February, B.C. 425- It gained the first prize ; Cratinus taking the second, and Eupolis the third. The play was not put upon the stage in the author's own name, but in the name of Gallistratus {Ihihax^n dia KaXXi- (TTpdrov). The * Knights' was the first play that Aristophanes brought out in his own name : for his two earliest plays, the * Banqueters' (AmraX^j), 427, and the * Babylonians' (Ba;3vXa)viot), 426, were also produced by Gallistratus. In the < Knights' (512 foil.) he gives various reasons to the audience for his reluctance to avow the real authorship of his plays. He says that Comedy is a coy mistress, and very sparing of her favours; he reminds them how fickle the Athenians had shown themselves in their appreciation of some of the best of their own comic poets ; and, further, he deems it right to serve a full time of apprenticeship— not to act as captain of the vessel before he has learned to tug at the oar. He makes similar confidences to the spectators in our (the second) edition of the ' Clouds,' 528 foil., and in the * Wasps,' 1016 foil.; which plays, as well as the * Frogs,' were brought out for him by Philonides. The question must remain unsolved, whether Gallistratus and Philonides were merely actors to whom the most important parts were assigned; or whether they were poets, in the same line as Aristophanes himself, who were glad enough to get glory by the genius of a young and unknown poet ; or whether they were men of wealth, who could afford, as Aristophanes could not, the heavy expense of mounting a play properly for the stage. Perhaps, as he was attempting a new style of political criticism, it seemed to him the wisest course to conceal (if he really did conceal) his actual authorship; so that he might watch narrowly the effect that his plain-spoken truths produced, and 8 INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION, might be free to avail himself of the best chances of enforcing his views on the next occasion. In the 'Banqueters' it seems (Nub. 529 foil.) that we have an earnest of that protest against the modern style of education, and the whole spirit of the sophistic teaching, which h_' afterwards developed in the * Clouds.' The play was so favourably received, that, in the ' Babylonians,' he ventured on a bolder flight, satirising the various magistracies in Athens, and criticising generally the whole Athenian policy, and Cleon as its representative. For a closer description of the con- tents of the play, and of the action taken by Cleon against the author, see the notes in this volume, Acharn. 377 foil., where the view is maintained that Aristophanes was generally known to have written the play, although it did not bear his name ; and that, probably, he acted the most important part in it himself; as we assume him to have played the part of Dicacopolis in the Acharnians. The design of the 'Acharnians' was something more than to win applause in the theatre by the ingenuity and liveliness of the burlesque. It had a deeper purpose. It was really the protest of the moderate party in Athens against the reckless continuance of the Peloponnesian War, which ought never to have been en- gaged in, and should now be brought to as speedy a termination as possible. Pericles had, it is true, prosecuted the war with vigour, because the one idea of his life was to secure to Athens the supremacy of Hellas; and for the attainment of this end there was no sacrifice to which he did not call his countrymen, or which he was unwilling to undergo himself. But with the death of Pericles and the rise of Cleon, a dilferent spirit had come over Athens; and the war-party seemed to be actuated not so much by a high sense of patriotism, as by a feeling of revenge and a desire for self-aggrandisement. The present con- dition and future prospects of Athens were serious enough to make any thinking man pause. Surely the few years which the war had lasted had brought misery enough, Aristoj>hanes must have thought, to make it high time for the question of peace to be seriously and publicly discussed. And what better way for securing such discussion than to suggest the idea to the citizens assembled in the theatre ? The self-denying policy of Pericles, which had removed the \s I •s ."t-- * ■ft?' /■-■if ■ F ^ farmers of Attica from the simple and happy life of their country homes, produced a result that he had not contemplated. It left Attica, it is true, so depopulated and barren as to ofier few attractions to the invaders ; but it had filled the narrow streets of Athens with an ill-fed and densely-packed population, among whom, in the second year of the war, that frightful plague broke out which swept away at least a quarter of the whole people. The demoralisation consequent on this appalling pestilence was no mere passing effect : many of the best of the citizens had perished, and their place was supplied by a mixed multitude, who repre- sented neither the genuine stock nor the traditional spirit of Athenians. The war had not only sundered the Hellenes into two great hostile camps, but the bitterness of the antagonism extended to every community and produced rancours and dis- sensions in every society. The country farmers of Attica, forced into the ways of a town-life to which they were not suited, learned to kill the time that hung heavy on their hands with the excitement of party quarrels, and passed most of their days in the market-place or the law-courts, ready to follow the lead of the latest demagogue who could best inflame their vengeful passions, or excite their cupidity with extravagant promises. And it required little observation to see that the war was rapidly extending. The flame had spread from Attica and Boeotia to Acarnania. The various allies in the islands of the Aegean and on the coast of Asia Minor were being drawn into the fray. Foreign alliances were being courted on either side; and the exchequers of the rival states were beginning to feel the strain— the siege of Potidaea had cost Athens not less than 2000 talents. The severity of the punishment inflicted on the revolted city of Mitylene, even in its amended form, shocked men's minds, and loosened the hold of the Athenians upon the affections of their allies. The plague threatened again to repeat all its ravages in Athens ; and the frequent invasions of Attica became more and more distressing to the inhabitants. In the fourth invasion (427) Cleomenes had maintained his troops for a longer period than usual on the soil ; and seemed loth to retire at all, as he was daily expecting news of the success of Alcidas. But the Athenians did not seem to be learning riper wisdom by these severe experiences; for in this same year (427) they were ready, on the representations of Gorgias of Leontini, to 10 INTRODUCTION, send a fleet to the relief of his citizens ; and, as if they had not their hands full enough, to begin meddling in Sicilian affairs. In the year 426 the regular invasion of Attica was prevented by an earthquake; and the lustration of Delos was a happier occupation than the Athenians had been engaged in for a long time past. Here, we may say, was a critical moment for Aris- tophanes to seize in which to advocate the cause of peace, and to venture to express a doubt whether the Athenians had been altogether justified in their dealings with the Lacedaemonians. In the * Acharnians' he went boldly to work with his unsparing criticism, piercing between the joints of the harness in many a weak spot; exposing the vanity and credulity of his fellow-citi- 2ens; the ungenerous tyranny which they exercised over their allies; the iniquitous nature of their decree against the Mega- rians; the unfairness of their legal tribunals; and the disgraceful nature of the systematic trade of avKocfiavTla practised in Athens. It was bolder still to represent himself as holding a brief for the Lacedaemonians, and to plead their case before the Acharnian villagers, whose exasperation against Sparta and whose deter- mination to carry on the war to the bitter end was great in proportion to the amount of suffering that had been entailed on them by the devastation of their important and prosper- ous hamlet. It was, indeed, 'taking the bull by the horns'; for it was plain if he could persuade the Acharnians of the wis- dom of his scheme in securing peace, it would be a comparatively easy matter to convert the rest of the citizens. The argument of the play is briefly as follows: — Dicaeopolis, an honest country farmer, who has had enough of garrison-duty and meagre fare in Athens, is discovered in the Pnyx, waiting impatiently for the meeting of the Assembly, long over-due. He means to bar all other proceedings, and to force the dis- cussion of peace upon the House; but the whole time is spent in receiving the reports of sinecure ambassadors, and gorgeous Per- sian envoys, so that he determines to make a private treaty on his own account with the Lacedaemonians. Having succeeded in doing so, he indulges in the long- forgotten merriment of the rural Dion)sia, which the war had put a stop to for the last six years. But the festivities are rudely interrupted by the Chorus, a band of old charcoal-burners of the hamlet of Acharnae, whose bitter- INTRODUCTION, II ness against the Lacedaemonian invaders is so intense, that they are prepared to wreak instant vengeance on the traitor who has dared to make truce with his country's foes. However, Dicaeopolis, in a lively scene, secures one of the Acharnian coal-baskets as a hostage ; and thus not only escapes immediate destruction, but forces the old men to give a fair hearing to his advocacy of peace— offering to plead with his head on a chopping-block. As he intends to sue in forma pauperis ^ he borrows from the property-room of Euripides the wretched rags and fardels of the arch-beggar Telephus, and thus accoutred, he argues his case so boldly and convincingly that half the Chorus is converted to his view ; while the others fetch the swashbuckler general Lamachus to overawe this bold-faced traitor. But Lamachus, instead of silencing him by his menaces, finds himself the butt of his merciless ridicule. Then Dicaeopolis opens a free market to all the Pelopon- nesians; and among the traffickers is a starving Megarian, who brings his little girls for sale, dressed up as pigs ; and a Boeotian, who comes with a load of all the delicacies that his country pro- duces, taking in exchange for them a specimen of the native Athenian product— the Informer— packed up in straw and hang- ing head downwards The play concludes with a sort of amoebean between Lama- chus and Dicaeopolis, bringing into amusing contrast the joys of peace and the hardships of war. The last scene is the appear- ance of Lamachus in piteous plight, wounded and forlorn ; while Dicaeopolis marches off the stage, in rollicking procession with the Chorus, singing huzza ! for the triumph of peace. ffMU i^tasUSSi^Sk^Ai I' AXAPNH2 AXAPNH2. TA TOY APAMAT02 nPOZOHA. aiKAIOnOAIS. KHPYa. AM*ieE02. nPE2BEI2 \&qvat(ov napa *EYAAPTABA2. eEQP02. X0P02 AXAPNEQN. eYFATHP AtKaioTTo'XtSoy. GEPADfiN Evpinldov. EYPiniAH2. AAMAX02. ANHP MErAPEY2. KOPA Bvyartpf tou Meyaptas, 2YKO«l)ANTH2. ANHP B0IQT02. MKAPX02. GEPAnON Aafiaxov: rEQPr02. IIAPANYM^OS. ArrEAOi. AIKAlOnOAIS. "Oa-a hr] hih-qyiiai Tr]V (fxavTov KapUav, iia-erjv h€ /3ata, ttclvv 8e ^aid, TtTTapa* h 6' ^hvvri6r]Vy y\ra\x\xaKO(Jioyapyapa, eyJS' 6(^' w ye to neap rjvcppdverjv "Mv, ToU TT€VT€ TaXdvTOLS oU KkioiV €^fX€(T€V. Tavd' o)S €yav(a6r]v, koX ^lovos, (Trivia Kiyr]va (TKOphivCi)pi.ai TTepbofxai, so aiTopo) ypdcpcd TrapartAAo/xat koyi^op.aLj a7T0^ke7T(t)v is tov aypov €lpi]vr]s ipcaVj (TTvyQv jLtey a(TTv tov 8' ifxbv bfjpiov noOQtVy OS ovbeTTcanoT eiTrei^ * avOpaKas iipid)^ ovK ' o^os \ ovK ' ikaiov^ ovb^ fjb^L ' Trpico/ 35 aAA avTos icpepe iravTa )(a) irpLCDV airrjv. VVV OVV aT€\VU)S iJKU) 7:ap€(TK€Va(TpLiv0S ^oav v7TOKpov€LV koibopelv Tovs priTopaSy kav Tis aAAo itXi]v irepl €lpi]V7]s Xiyrj. oAA ol 7TpvTav€LS yap ovtoll piea-rjpilSpu'OL. 40 OVK -qyop^vov ; tovt €K€Iv ovyoi) *\€yov' is Ti]v TTpoibpiav ttcls avi]p (LaTL^iTaL, KIIPTH. TiapLT is TO TTpocrOev, 'TTapLd\ (as av ivTos Tyre tov KaOdpfxaTos* AM4>I0EO2. T]br] TLs €Ttt€ ; KH. tls dyop€V€LV /3oi/Aerat; 45 AM. €y(o. KH. TLS (ov ; AM. ^ AjjL(f)LO€os. KH. ovk dv- Opctjzos ; 17 AM. dAA' dOdvaTos' 6 yap ^ Ap.(f)LO^os Ar^pirjTpos 7]v Kal TpLT^Tokipiov TovTov 8e KtAeoy yiyv^Tai' yafjiil be KcAeoj ^aLvapeTrjv TrjOrjv ipLrjv, i^ rjs AvKU'os iyiver' iK tovtov 6' eyw dOavaTos et/x'* €pLol 8' i-nirpey^av ol 6eo\ (TTTOvbds TTOLelaOaL irpbs AaKebaiixovlovs /xorco. OVj 50 ^ 55 60 65 AXAPNH2. dAA* aOdvaros &v, (ovbpeSt i(t>dbL ovk €\a>* ov yap bi.b6a(rLv ol irpvTdveis. KH. ol ro^orai, AM. 0) T/)t7rroAe/x6 Kal KeAee irfpLo^ea-Oi /xe; AT. Qivbpes TTpvTdvcLS dbtKelTc ti]v iKKXrja-Lav TOV dvbp^ dirdyovT€S, octtls rjpuv T/^eAe .(TTTOvbqLS iTTOLrjaai Kal KpepidaaL Tas d(nTLbas» "' KH. KdOrjcro (rlya, AI. jmd tov 'AttoAAo) *ya) pikv ov, 7)V p,i] TTepl clpT^vrjs ye jrpvTaveva-rjTi jiol. K'H. ol 7rpi(rp€LS ol irapa y3a(rtAea>9, AI. TTotou /Sao-tAeo)?; d)(6op.ai 'yw Trpeo-^Seo-t Kal ToXs TaQxTi toIs t dKa(ovevp.a(nv» KH. (Ttya. AI. fiajBaid^. ojKfiaTava tov o^rj/xaros. HPESBTS. iTTijxyJrad^ rjixas w? ^atriAea toi^ fxiyav fiio-dov (pipovTas bvo 8pa)(/uias r^s r)p,ipas iiT EvdvjJiivovs dp)(^ovTos. A I. ot/xoi rwz^ bpaxjxutv, HP. Kal 8^r' iTpv\opi.e(T6a irapa KavaTpLov Trebiov obonrXavovvTes i(TKr]V'qp.ivoi^ i(f> dppap.a^Q>v p.aKOaK(as KaraKeiixevoi, aTToAAv/xerot. A I. (T(j)6bpa yap ia-(ji)^6pLr]v eyw TTapa Tj}v eiraX^LV iv (PopvTio KaTaKeip.€vos» — HP. ^eviCopLivoL be irpbs piav iirivopiev i^ vaXCvoiiv iKTtiopidTijDV Kal \pv(TLb(ov j(^ ' &KpaTuv dlvov rjbvv, *' AI. o) Kpavad ttoAc?/ ap' alcrOdvei tov KaTdyeXcav tQv irpeirfieoDv ; UP. ol fidpfiapol yap dvbpas rjyovvTat piovovs TOVS TrAetora bvvapiivovs ^ayeiv re Kal TTieti'* Iret rerdprct) 5* is to. ^aaikei I'lkOopiev' ^]^^ * .» 80 €tr e^ei/t(e, TiapeTiQei rjpiiv oAovs- h^ ^ iK KpL^dvov /3oCs. AI. Kal tCs elbe iT(07roT€ pods KpLJBavLTas ; tQv dXa^ovevpLdTOiv, 70 75 U W«-'v ^'0 i8 AXAPNHS. AXAPNH2. 19 nP. Koi vol juta AC opviv Tpn;\&(n.ov K\€(ovvfiov Trapidr]K€v rjixiv ovofxa 8' ^v avT(^ (piva^, AI. TavT ap kevaKi^€S (tv hvo hpa)(jp.a^ (^ipoav. 90 nP. KoX vvv ayovT€s 7JKop.€v ^ivbaprd^av, Tov jSacrtAecoy ocpdaXpiov, AI. kKKoy^r^U ye Kopa^ Trard^as tov re (rov tov TrpeV/^eo)?. KH. 6 jBaaikioDS ocpOaXpLOS, AI. a)va^ *HpaKA.eiy. irpos T(av Oecav, avOptoiTCf vav(ppaKTOv ^XeTretj; 95 rj 7I€pl OLKpaV KapLTTTOiV V€(D(TOLKOV (TKOTTfls ; 6.(TK(tip! ^X^f-^ T^ov Trept TOV 6(f)6a\fJLbv kolto), TIP. dy€ br] crv j^acnk^vs aTTa ^evhapTCL^cu ^PETAAPTABAS. lapTafiav e^ap^* dvaincrcrovai (raTpa* 100 nP. fuz^Ktt^* o Xcyet ; AI. /uta tov 'AttoXAo) 'yw /X6i; ov. nP. TT€ii\l/€LV fiacTiXiir y ovk etcrti' €vO€vo avTodcv, KoX Tolv ^€V €VV0V\0LV TOV €T€pOV TOVTOvl jv'i' 5 ;'■" 120 eyJS' OS eo-rt, KXeto-^err/s 6 2tj3uprtou. ^ a> 6€p\i6^ovkov TTpoiKTov l^uprj/xcVe, roio'rSe 8' oi iriOr^Ke tov irc^yoiv €X(dv evvovxos rjpXv rjXOes kcTKevacr^xivos ; 681 8e tLs 'hot IcttLv ; ov brjirov Srpdrcoz; ; KH. (Ttya, Kct^tfe. roi; jBaa-LXioiS 6(t)6aXiiov t] ^ovXt} KoAei cs TO irpvTavelov. 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AM. rt eorti; ; AI. ovk dpiaKOvaiv \x, oti 6(ov(Ti T:LiTr]S Kal irapaa-KCvrjs V€(ov. AM. (TV 8' dAAd rao-8t rds 8eKeVet9 yeuo-at \ap6v, AI. o^oucrt x<^^^^' TTpio-7rep biaTpi^rjs t&v ^ufx/xax^r. AM. dAA' avTau ydp (tol TpiaKOVTOvTibes KaTCL yrjv re Kat OdXaTTav, AI. S Atorvo^ta, avrat fxev oCovcr dfiPpoa-ias Kal vUTapos, Kat pJi] \LTr]pdv (tltC TifxepStv TpL(ov, KCLV TO) cTTopiaTL XlyovcTt. fiolv oTTOt ^eXets. TavTas 8e'xo/xat Kat (n:ivbo\xai KdKTitofxat, Xaipeiv K^XevoiV iroXXa tovs 'A^apv^as. AM. eyo) 8^ <^€V^op.ai ye rov? 'Axapi^eas. AI. eyo) 8e TToAe'/xov Kat KaKwi; dTraAAayety d^o) rd Kar dypovs d(Tiii)V Aiomxria, XOPOS. AIKAIOnOAIS. 0TrATHP. XO. TfiSe Trds eTrov, 8ta)Ke, Kal rdy dz;8pa Trvi^^dz/ov TSiV oboLTTopoiiV CLTrdpTOiV' TTJ TTo'Aet ydp d^toi; ^vXXap^LV Tov dvbpa tovtov, dXXd fxot fxrjiwa-aTe, el rts ot8' oTTOt reVpaTrrat y?}? d rds o-7roi;8d9 (t)ipa)V, — €KTriv /ceti^ yijv irpb yrjsj ccoj ai^ evpedrj irori' 235 0)9 eyo) pdXXcov iKelvov ovk av e/xTrAr/jLtr/i; Ai^ot?. 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ET. dAA' dSvyaroi;. AI. dAA' o/xcos. ET. dAA' €KKVKkri(TopaL' KaTafiaiveiv 8' ov o7(oA?J. AI. EvpLTTLbt], ET. rt AeAaKa9 ; AI. dra/3d8r;i; Trotetj, 410 efoi; KaTapdbrjv' ovk iTos x(okovs TTOtets. drdp rt rd poK t' eK rpay(i)8ta9 ex^t?* iaOrJT kk^Lvriv; ovk hbs Trrcoxovs TTOtety. dAA' avTifiokca irpos twv yovdraiv M^^ ^^ ^'^ Otrevy 68t 6 8vo-7ror/Lto5 yepaLos rj/cDvCC^TO ; AI. OVK OtVeco? riVi akk' er dOkiaiTipov, 420 ET. rd rov rvcpkov 0LVLK0s ; AI. ov 4>oii;tKos, ov* dAA' €T€pos vv 't>oLViKos d^Atcorepos. \ 28 AXAPNH2. ET. TTotas TTo$ avr]p XoKiSa? atretrat TriirXcdv ; AI. OVK ak\a tovtov iroKv iroKv TTTca^Laripov. 425 ET. dAX' rj tol bva-TTLvrj ^eAety TTfTrAco/xara , & BeAAepov pa-^c^v, TO TTLXibiov ire pi ti]v K€(f)a^r)v to Mv(tlov. J'.Ut^jk.iLu^. §€1 yap /le bo^ai -ktih^ov uvai Tr\pL€pov, 440 ( flvac p.\v ocnrep elfil, (fyaivicrOai be pLrf Tovs pi(v OeaTCLS elbtvat p.* 6y €t/x* eyw, Tovs b' av xopeiTas rjXLOiovs 'napiCTTdvai, OTTws av avTov'i pqpLaTLOLS (TKip.aXicro}. ET. 6a)o-co* nvKinj yap Xctttcl p-rj-x^ava (f)pevL 445 AI. (v (TOL yivoLTo, Tr]Xiv, AI. oj Qvp. , opls yap cLj aTTco^oC/xai dopoiv 450 TToXXwv beopevos orKevapiiov' vvv bij yevov yXC(T\pos TTpoaaLTojv XniapSiv t' EvptTTLbrj, 80s poL ariivpibLov biaKeKavpevov Xvxv(»i» ET. tL h iti ToAas ere Tohb^ c^ct ttAckovs Xpeos ; AXAPNH2. 29 AI. Xp(os p.\v ovbev, PovXopaL 8' ojixcoy Aa^etr. 455 ET. Xvirrjpbs i(r0* cov koltiox'^PW^^ bopaov, AI. ^eO* evbaLpovoLr]S, uxrirep rj p.r]Tr\p Trore. ET. aireXOe vvv /xot. AI. p.aXXd poi bos ev povov, KOTvXiaKiov TO x^tAoj CLTTOKeKpOVpieVOV, ET. (f)9eLpov Xapibv Tob"' ta-O' oxXrjpos (ov bopoLS. 460 AI. ovTTO) pa At" 010-0' ot' avTos epyd^eL KaKO.. oAA*, o) yXvKVTaT EvpLTTibr], tovtI povov, bos p.01 xt^7'pt8toi; a-(poyyL(^ fie^vap-ivov. ET. av6p(ji)7r\ a(\)aipr](Tei pe ti]v TpayiabCav. CLTTeXOe TavTqvl Aa/3wr. AI. airepxopai. 465 KaiToi tI bpdcrui; bel yap evos ov prj Tv\h>v aTToAcoA'. OLKOvcTov u) yXvKVTaT EvpLirCbr}' tovtI Xa^ijjv oTTet/xt kov irpoa-eLp.^ eTC j^ t^^^^ff^^f-cu^ e^A^u is TO (T-nvpibiov laxvd p.01 (pyXXela 8^. ET. aiToXels p.\ ibov crot. <^poi;8a poL to. bpdpaTa. 47° AI. dAA' ovkIt, oAA' a-neipn, Kal yap elpH ayav oyXr\p6sy ov Sokwi; pe Koipdvovs aTvyelv. oXpoL KaKobaipoov, ws aTro'AcoA'. e7reXa66p.r}V ev (airep eort iravTa poL to. irpaypaTa, KvpLTribiOv a> yXvKVTaTov Kal (^LXTaTov, 475 KOLKiaT a-noXoipqv^ el tC (t' alTria-aip! In, t:Xi]v ev povov, tovtI povov, tovtI piovov a-KCLvbLKCL poL bos pTjTpodev bebeypevos. ET. avi]p v^plCeC kAtJc Trr^xra 8a)/xdra)r. AI, ui 6vp\ dvev aKavbtKOS epiropevTia. 480 ap' olcrd' ocTOv tov dycav ayaiVLe'i Tdx^t ^ p.eXX(DV vTiep AaKebaipovioiV avbpQv Xiyeiv ; TTpo^aive vvv u> 6vpe* ypapprj 8' avTqL eaTTjKas ; ovk el KaTainctiv Evpnribrjv ; iTT-qve(r' aye vvv, S) rdAaira Kapbia, 485 iTTcA^* €K€to-e, Kara ti]v Ke(paXriv eKel so AXAPNHS. 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CLTap, (fiikoi yap ol irapovTes iv Aoyco, tC TavTa roi/y AaKcovas alTL(api(9a ; rjpLcav yap avbp€Sy ovxl Tr]v irokiv k^yctif IX€p.vr]cr6€ tovO' otl ovx} '"'V T^dkiv Aeyo), oAA' dvbpdpLa pLo\dripdf TTapaK€K0fXfi4va, aTLpia Kal Trapdarrjpia kol irapd^eva, ^(rvKOi(Tp! ottcos p.€Ta(TTpa(\)dr] to bia tols kaLKaa-TpCas' OVK tjOikopiCV 6' fjp^€LS b€0p.iv(i)V TTokkaKLS. KOLVTevOev ijbri irdrayos rjv t5>v ao-TTibaiv. epet TLSf ov XPV^' «^^ ^^' ^XP^^ etTrare. Vi viyXapitiv, (TVpLyiMOLTcav, TavT ot5' OTL av (bpare' rov b^ T^Ae^ov 555 ovK olopL^a-Qa ; vovs ap jjjjllv ovk crt. IIMIXOPION a. aX-qOes, ujTTLTpnTTe kol p.Lap(aTaT€ ; Tavrl (TV roA/Ltay ttt(jd)(^6s cav r]p.a^ Xeyeiv, KOL (rvKO(pdvTqs el Tis rjv wi^ctSto-aj ; HMIXOPION j8'. VT) Tov rToo-etSo) kol Xeyei y airep Xiyet 560 6iKaia TravTa Kovbei; avrCiv ylnvb^Tau HM. a . ctr et biKaia, tovtov flirdv avr ixpTJv ; oAA* ovbe \aipiiiv ravra ToXp.ri(Tii Xeyav. 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(t>ip€ hrj TL (TV Aeyets ; wj yeAotor, a> ^eot, TO birjixa Trjs vv[Ji(l)r]S Setrat [xov crcfyobpa, (p€p€ b^vpo TCLs aiTovbds, Iv* avTj] 8a) fjiovrj, OTLTj yvvrj Vrt tov TroAe'/xou t' ovk atrta. virex' (58e SeCpo Tov^dkwnTpov oi yvvaL, oT(t6^ 0)9 TTotetrat tovto ; ttj vvixip^ ^V^ oivripv(TLV, tr' olvov iyx^^ kap(s)V €S TOVS xo^?» XO. Kat fji7]v obi tls tcls oc^pus dreo-TraKws w(T7T€p TL b€Lvbv dyyekQv iirclyeTaL, 1061 1070 KHPTH. to) TiovoL re koI fidxo-f' Kat Ad/zaxot. AAMAX02. rts djui<|)t x^'^ocpdkapa bcofxaTa ktvtt^i ; KH. teWt (T eKe'Aevor ot (rrpaTrjyol Trjixepov Taxi(»is kafiovTa tovs Adxovs Kat tovs k6(povs* KOLTT^LTa TTjpdv VLipofji^vov TCLS €a-/3oAds. 1075 50 AXAPNH2. io8o VTTo T0V9 \6a9 yap kol \vTpovs avTola-i rts T]yy€L\€ Ar/oraj e/x^oActi/ Bolcotlovs. AA. ta> arpaTriyol TrXetore? ^ ^fXrtores. ov 8€ti^a /XT) ^^iivai fxe /ixr/6' kopraa-ai ; AT. 10) arpcLTcvpLa iroX^poXapa^diKov* AA. ot/xot KaKobalpcDv, /carayeAay ?/8r; ot; /xoy. AI. fiovkei fxd)(^€(TdaL rrjpvovr] TerpazTikia ; AA. atat, oiaz; 6 KTipv^ ayyeXiav ijyydki pLOL. AI. atat, rtra 8' av /uot upoa-Tpi^ei tls ayy€X(av ; KH. AtfcatoTToAt. AI. tl €(ttlv ; KH. cttI hfn:vov ra^ 1085 /3a8tfe 77)1; KLCT-qv Aa/3a)i; Kat roi/ x^^* 6 roi; Atorvo-ou yap cr' Uoevs pL€Ta7T€pL7:eTaL, aAA eyKoVef 8et77z;eti; KaraKcakv^LS 'nakai. Ta b akka iravT io-rlv Trapea-Kevaa-piva, KklvaL TpaTT€(aL TTpoa-K^cpakaLa arpcopaTa (rT€(l)avoL p,vpov Tpayi]pad\ al iropvai irdpa, ap.vkoL irkaKovvTes (TrjcrapovvTes Irpia, dpxncrrpLbes, ra (fyLkTaO' ^Appobiov, KakaL oAA' 0)9 Taxio-Ta (T7T€vb€. AA. KaKobaipuiv eyw. AI. Kat yap av p€ydkr]v ki:€ypd(f)ov ti]v Topyova. 1095 cnuyKkr\€y Ka\ belirvov rty iva-Keva^iTo). AA. irat Trat, <^ep' efco bivpo tov yvkiov ipoC. AI. TTat TTat, €p€ Kat ras KtxAas. AA. KaAoV ye Kat kevKov to ttjs (TTpovOov irrepov. AI. KoAor ye Kat ^avOov to ttjs (jyaTTr^s Kpia^, logo IIOO no; AXAPNH2. ^»i o t ~ ' i^- -i£j' j 4 AA. a>v6p(i)TT€, TTavaaL KaTayekSiv pov tQv ottAcoi;. Al. a)v6p(i}7T€y jBovkei prj ^AcTretz; es ra? Kixkas ; AA. TO kocpelov €^iv€yK€ tcov TpiGiv kocpMV, . y AI. Ka/xot AfKai^tor tQ^v kayc^aiv bos Kp€(av. mo AA. dAA' 77 rptx 0/3/30)769 rovj k6(t)ovs pt^V KaTi m5 TTOTepov CLKpibes rjbiov Icttlv ^ Kt'xAat; AA. ot/x' 0)9 vppi(€is, AI. Td9 aKpibas Kpivei TTokv AA. TTat TTat KaOiXcav poi to bopv bevp' e^o) (^epe. AI. TTat TTat (TV 8' d(p€k(i)v bevpo ttjv xop8r/i; (/)epe, AA. (pipe TOV bopaTos dcpekKVcroopaL TovkvTpov. 1120 ex', avT^xov Trat. AI. Kat (rv iral Tovb' dvTexov, AA. Tovs KLkkipavTas oto-e -Trat r^9 do-7rt8o9. AI. Kat 7^9 e/x7/9 7oi;9 KpifiaviTas eKCJxpe, AA. (j)€pe bevpo yopyovcdTov da-TTibos KVKkov. Al. Kopot 7rAaKo€T709 TvpovaiTov bos KVKkov. 1125 AA. 7ai;7' ov KaTayekcos ecTLv dv6p(0TT0LS irkarus ; AI. 7ai;7' ov irkaKOvs biJT ea-Tiv dv6p(07T0LS ykvKVS ; AA. Ka7axet (tv iral Tovkaiov, ev 7(3 x^tAKto)^ kvopGi yepovTa beikias (pev^ovpevov, AI. Ka7dx€t (TV TO peAt. Kdr0d8* evbi]kos yepo)V 113c KAdeti; KekevoiV Adpaxov tov Topydcrov. ■ AA. (^epe bevpo, iral, 6(LpaKa TTokepLo-TripLOv. AI. e^aipe iral OcopaKa Kapol tov x^a- AA. ev 7a)8e 77po9 7oi;9 TTokeplovs 6uipi]^opai, Al. ev 7(58: 7rpo9 70V9 (rvpiroTas OoDprj^opai. 1135 AA. 7d (TTpcopaT u) TTat brjcrov eK Trjs da-iTLbos. AI. 70 8et7rroz; oj iral brjaov eK Trjs KicrTCbos. AA. eyo) 8' epavT(2 tov yvkiov oto-o) kaficov. E 2 52 AXAPNH2. AT. eyo) be OoIixcltlov \apo>v ffep^ojutat. AA. Tr]v do-TTtS' alpov kol /3d8tf' w iral ka^cov* 1140 vi(t)€L, jBaPaid^' y€i\iipLa ra Trpdyixara, AI. alpou TO belTTvov' (rv\n:oTiKa to. irpdyfJiaTa. XO. Tre 6r; yaipovTiS €7rt orpartdr. 0)9 dvopLolav ipx^crdov obov' TO) /i€i; TTiV€Lv OT^^avdiCTayiivi^, 1 145 (rot 6e piydv koL T:po(\)v\d'TT€iv. ^ AvTiyia\ov tov 'i'aKdbos tov juieAeoi; rcav /meXecoi; TTOLTjT-qv, 1150 0)5 jbtei; oiTrAo) Xoyo), KaKW? efoXecreter 6 Zevj. OS y' €fik TOV T\i]p.ova Arivaia xopr^ycov dmXvcr db^LTTvov. 1155 ov €T c77t6ot/xt TevOibos bfopifVOVj Tj b' OiiTTrjixeirq aC^ova-a irdpaXos cttI Tpair^Crj K€ip.ivr\ okIKKoi* KCLTa yiiXXovTos Ku^^lv avTov KVtav apirda-aa-a Vi 1165 etra iraTd^eU tls avTov /xe^7;(or rr/r K€aXr}v 'Ope or?] 9 ]xaiv6p.evos' 6 be XiOov Kafieiv fiovkofievos €V (tkoVo) XdjSot TTJ X^'P' TreXeOov dpTms Keyea-yiivov' f 11 70 eird^eiev 6' Ixwi; roi/ pidpfxapov, Kdireid^ djuap- ro)i; jSdAot Kpariroi;. 0E. 0) 8juo)€s ot Kar' oTkoi; eore Aa/xd)(0U, i;8a)p {;8a)p iv xvTpibiia Oepp-aiveTC uOovia, Krip(i)Tr]V irapaa-KevdCeTe, €pt' olcTVTTTjpd, XafxirdbLOv irepl to (r(\)vp6v, avi]p TiTpojTaL \dpaKi bLaiTrjb^v TacppoVj ■ (, .1 Slip' > '.^ '■ "SO ;'■ ,- i-Vift-:*' ■'S-'aO? AXAPNH2. fcal TO (T(l)vpov TTaXivoppov l^eKOKKia-ev, Koi TTis KecfyaXrjs KaTiaye Trept KiBov irecrcov, KOL Topyov €^r\y€ipev €k ttjs do-iribos^ tttlXov be to /xeya Kop.7TokaKvdov tt€(tov iTpbs rats TTeTpaio-L, beivov iirjvba fxeXor S> KXeivbv o/xjuta vvv TravvaraTOV (t Ibidv XeiTTO) (t)dos T6b\ ovkIt ovbev dp.' eyw. ■^Too-aCra Xefas et? vbpoppoav -nea-cbv OLVLo-TaTai re kol ^vvavTa bpaireTais Xrio-TCLS e\avv(ov kol KaTaa-nipx^v bopL"] 6b\ be KavTor dX)C dvoLye r^ Ovpav. AA. aTTaToi aTTaTal' (TTvyepa Tdbe ye Kpvepa irdOexi. rdXas eyw bLokkvp^ai bopps vtto T:o\e\xiov Tvnels. eKelvo 8' alaKTov av yevoiTO, AiKaio-noXiS et jui' tbot TeTpcop^evov, Kar eyxdrot rats e/xats ri^x^t(rtz;. AI. drrarai aTTaTcu' " <^t\?]o-aroV /Jte paXOaKm w xpvirliii' o) (Tvpv ep&v KCiKwr, .. roi^ ydp xoa TipSiTos eKTreTrojKa. ^ AA. to) to) TpavpidTdiV eiraibvvoiv. AI. tr) tr) x^'^^P^ AajLtaxt-n-TTtor. AA. (TTvyepos eyw. AI. rt fxe (ri; Kwets; AA. /JLoyepos eyw. AI. rt fxe oo; SaKrets ; AA. rdXas eyo) $vp.poXr]S papeias. ] ^' - AI. rots Xouo-t rts $vpl3oXds (t' eTrparrero; AA. ^0) to) riatdr 2o) riatdr t4 AI. dXV o^x't ^^^'^ Trip,epov llatwrta. AA. OvpaCe p,' e^ereyKar es tov UiTTdXov ircLLioviaLa-L x^P^^^* '' 53 1180 1 190 1200 ^ I- '1 2 10 ii 54 AXAPNH2. AI. 0)9 TOVS KpLTOLS fM €K(l)ep€T€' TTOV ^ (TTLV 6 ^aCTiKeV'S ', CLTTobori fxot top clctkov, 1225 AA. A.oyx'7 tls ifJLTriirrjye ^jlol 8t' 6(rT€(t)v obvpra, AI. 6paT€ TovTovl K€v6v. TT/reAXa KaXkiVLKOS* XO. Ti]ve\ka biJT, ilzep KaXet? y, a> irpea-lBv, KaXXCviKOS, AI. Kal TTpos y aKparov iy\€as *up.vcrTLV i^iXayj/a. XO. Ti]ve\Xd wv o) yevvdba' x^/^^' Xafiojv tov cktkov, 1230 AI. €T7€(r9€ wv abovTes w Ti]veXXa KaXXivLKOS* XO. aAA' k^opLecrda (ti]v X^P^ TyviXXa KaXXivLKOv qbovres - The front of the stage was probably set out with rows of benches to represent the Assembly (^eKKK-qaia) in the Pnyx at Athens. The Pnyx was a slope rising above the Agora, and a sort of Amphitheatre had been hollowed in it, capable of holding 6ooo persons, who sat partly on steps hewn in the natural rock, and partly on wooden benches {^v\ov, V. 25). The hour for the regular (Kvpia) assembly was early morning (v. 20) ; and one might have thought that, when such an important question as the establishment of peace was pending, the place would have been soon crowded, 'But nol' says Dicaeopolis, 'they care nothing about it: it is actually noon, and not even have the Presidents come' (v. 23). Meanwhile Dicaeopolis, the typQ of the good, old, simple citizen, i.s sitting all alone in his place, fidgetty and impatient, and he thus so- liloquizes : 'How many a sting have I felt in this heart of mine' (or, ' how much I have fretted my heart ' ; a passive in middle sense : cp. tv dvfjLuv KarcScav), * while I have had but few delights, ay, very few, — some [three or] four I— my sufferings however have been countless as the sand, heaps on heaps.' ij/ajJUJiaKoo-ios, formed on the analogy of rpiaKoaioi, irfVTaKoaioi, etc., was used by Eupolis and other old comic writers. Aristophanes introduces another touch of exaggeration by the addition of Y, ' after Moschus' ; i.e. when Moschus had quitted the stage. The Scholiast describes him as (pavKoi KiBapaho^, so that it was a relief when his performances came to an end. But this use of ktn. with a person seems to be without a parallel. Bentley, following the interpretation of a more recent Schol., read cirl |ji6o-xw, * for the prize of a steer.* As the goat was the prize for successful tragedy, and V * Notes on a portion of the ' Acharnians,* by the late W. G. Clark, pub- lished in the Journal of Philology. ( ■X 4 I - * "fj, .■aH the bull for dithyrambic poetry, so the |i6' tirirov. The Boeotian tune (B. voyioi) was ascribed to Terpander. 1. 15. Tf]T€S 8' direOavov, ' but this year I was fairly killed, and got my' eyes twisted all askew at the sight, when Chaeris sidled in to sing the "orthian" strain.' There is possibly an intentional pun between Trap-6'/cu^6 and opGios {hpO^s), ' straight.' Chaeris was a wretched piper (inf. 866), whose sneaking entrance upon the stage was such a revolting sight that Dicaeopolis almost twisted his eyes out of their sockets (or, perhaps, almost dislocated his neck\ in trying to look away. Cp. Eq. 175 (i,Satfiovi)(roj 5* ei 5iaarpa(l>^(Toyiai ; the v6\x.os SpOios was a stirring style of music, fitted for warlike marches. In Hdt. i. 24 it is apphed to Arion's death-song. ^ 1 17 €| oTov '^w ^v)iTTO(jiai, ' siucc my washing-days began. Cp. I£ '^Tov 'rpd ■ J* "% NOTES. LINES 26-58. having left the stage and changed their dress in the interval offered after V. 1 73 inf. 1. 44. KaOdpfiaros. The meeting of the public assembly at Athens was inaugurated by the sacrifice of a pig. The blood of the victim was sprinkled about by the celebrant {nepiffriapxcs Eccl. 128); and the whole space, as far as the sprinkling extended, was reckoned as ' purified ground' (KdOapiia). No one who was not ivros could take part in the proceedings. 1. 45. tiSt] Tis etire; Amphitheus must have come in late, and so was ignorant of what had been going on. The herald treats his name as if it meant ' ex utraque parte deus,' and therefore say?, ovk dvOpanros ; The elaborate genealogy is intended to parody the pedigrees which Euripides delighted to introduce, as in the beginning of the Ion, Here. Fur., Bacch., Hec, and Iph. Taur. Amphitheus intends by his muddle of genealogy to make himself out a sacred person, so that his business should take precedence. 1. 47. Clark remarks that the metre of this line offends against Dawes* rule that a tribrach could not precede an anapaest ; and the reading has consequently been altered in various ways. But it is at best a doubtful rule ; and the pause after aQdvaros would be sufficient to justify an ex- cection. 1. 52. jiovw is reserved for an emphatic position in the line: 'all by myself.' The MS. reading iTOi€io-0ai is retained in the text; but Meineke*s noirjaai seems grammatically more correct, as Amphitheus had no personal advantage in the peace. 1. 53. €4>6Sia, 'travelling-money;' to serve him for his mission to Lacedaemon. Dicaeopolis supplies his needs, inf. 130. 1. 54. ol TogoTai, 'ho! sergeants!' This was a band of Scythian bowmen, who performed the police service at Athens. Cp. Eq. 665 Kde' (IXkov avTov ol irpvTdvcti x^t To^Srai. For this use of the nomi- native for vocative cp. inf. 824, 864. See, as illustrative of this passage, Protag. 319 c kdv Se ris dWos ernxfipv "^^o*''^ avfi^ovktvciv ^ . . Kara- yfXSxji Kal eopv^ovmv. Us dv ff aiiros diroar^ 6 knix^ipSfv Xiyuv Karaeopv^Tjeels, t) ol To^drai avrhv d(p€\Kiaoiaiv ^ kiaipaivTai, K€\ev6vTov- uivov Vesp. 439, rr. //€ d-no-nviyiVTa Pax 10. 1 58 Kpcjtdo-ai. In time of 1 eace the shield would be hung up m the' smoke over the hearth, to keep the leather from the attacks of insects, as inf. 279. Cp. Av. 434 r^v navoirkiay . . \a06uT€ Kp^fidaaTor TvxayaSrj ds tov iirvoy fXao). ACHARNIANS, 1. 60. irpvTavcvcrnTc ^01, * oblige me by putting the question on the motion of peace.' The commoner expression was x^^/*aTjC€(v. 1. 61. poaiXtojs without the article was regularly used to denote * the king of Persia.' So that Dicaeopolis does not mean by iroiov ^ao-iXctDs; 'what king'? but says, sneeringly, * the king, indeed* 1 Cp. inf. 109, '57» 761. 1. 63. Tttwo-t. Peacocks were very rare at this time in Athens. Fifty years later they were so uncommon that it was said o jaws 5td to arraviov davnd((Tai Athen. 3. 259. Perhaps the ambassadors had brought some with them, or had decked themselves with their plumes. By 'Ecbatana!' he means to show how characteristically Persian was their whole * get up'; for Ecbatana was the city where the kings had their summer palace. Frere compares the slang Americanism — ' Jerusalem 1* 1. 65. u»s, ' to,' as inf. 675 ; Plut. 32 (ji^X'^firj^ us t6w Otov. 1. 67. EuOvfji€vovs. He had been Archon eleven years ago, so that the ambassadors had made their office a long sinecure, drawing pay the whole time ' at the rate of two drachmae a day.' This was high pay. Cp. Dem. Fals. Leg. 1 58, who speaks of one drachma as i ^,i NOTES, LINES 60-95. Lysist. 481 the Acropolis is called simply ^ Kpavad. The epithet really refers to the ' rocky' soil of Attica [\cnT6y«us Thuc. 1.2). 1, 77. "yap takes up irpos pCav sup., the words of Dicaeopolis being spoken * aside.' dvBpas is the predicate, ' think those only to be meu* I. 80. tA pao-CXtia, • the royal palace,' at Susa or Ecbatana. With f^tvilt supply <> PaaiXfvs from PacriXtia sup. I. 86. €K Kpipdvov. Herodotus (I. 133), in describing Persian festivities, mentions the use of large animals * baked whole,' ol €v5ai- piovcs avTUiV ^ovv Kal "ntvov koI KdprjKov Kal dvov npoTiOearai oXovs oirTois (V KapivoLffi. See inf. 1075. Notice the tense Trap€Ti0€i, as if it was quite a usual thing. 1. 88. KXeujvvjiou. Aristophanes never had a good word for Cleony- mus; he was voracious (Av. 289), and cowardly (Nub. 353), and a perjurer (ib. 400) ; and, as here alluded to, of huge unwieldy bulk, XpTjacpov plv oidlv d\\w9 Se SaXdv Kal ptfa (Av. 1476). For the sake of the pun we may render 4)€vaS, 'the gull"; or, to give a foreign flavour, the ' Do-do,' or ' Mo-gul.' 1. 90. ravr cpa, i.e. SicL ravra, ' this then is why you kept gulling us by drawing your two drachmae.* 1.91. "^tvSapTdpas, ' Sham-artabas ' is a word coined to have a sound like Arta-xerxes, Arta-phernes, &c. Herodotus (i. 192^ actually gives dprdfiT] as a Persian measure of capacity, so that the whole name might imply 'false-measure' The 'kings eye* was the regular title of the Persian official who reported all that went on to his master. When the young Cyrus was playing at being king, he promptly appointed a boy 6paKT0v pXeireis. Pseud artabas is introduced wearing a grotesque mask witli a huge eye, in the style seen on Persian tapestries, to mark him bevond doubt as 6 ^aoiXtas oipeaXjxos. Below the eye ACHARl^lArS. hung down a representation of the square-cut Persian beard. The sight of this strange being reminds Dicaeopolis of a vessel sailing up into action. The triremes had often a large eye painted on either bow (or, more likely, the hawse-holes were painted to look like eyes ; Paley quotes Aesch. Suppl. 716, Kot trpiipa irpuaOev ofxixaai 0K(irova' uSuv), and a leather pad or * fender' (do-Kujia) hung below. Dicaeopolis hails him, • Ship ahoy ! does that glance of thine threaten a sea-fight, or art thou doubling the promontory, and looking out for a dock'? For vaviJipaKTOv (sc. aTpdTfvfio) cp. Eq. 567 iv t€ vav- (ppoKTO) (TT fXLTcf, Eur. I. A. 1 259 oaov arpaTfvfia vav(ppaKTOv T(58f. For this use of ^Xeireiv see inf. 566 ; Eq. 631 vdnv ^Xi-miv, Vesp. 643 (TKvTrj ^\€7T(iv. Thc stony stare of Pseudartabas' eye might be interpreted as one of defiance, or as the fixed gaze of the * look-out man ' trying to make a certain point of the coast Cp. the word irpqtpaTfvaai Eq. 543. 1. 100. iapTap,dv. The syllables dpra, ^ap^, and adrpa, give an Oriental sound to the sentence. \V. Ribbeck quotes a version of the line, treated as Persian, which makes it mean, * The king said to me, I will send thee gold'; treating cdrpa as ^v arpayy^vofxai ; and am'l then kept loitering here, while yonder door never bars [the senate] from entertaining fellows like this?' Dicaeopolis, the worthy citizen, may go about as he pleases, unnoticed ; but the Town-hall is always open to impostors and foreigners. , , ., 1 130 5paxHLds. Dicaeopolis finds out of his own pocket the iMa (sup. 53) that the Prytanes refused. The reading of the MSS., JoClcrat (I aor. imperat. mid.), seems doubtful, as the middle voice should imply that he was to make the truce on his own behalf Elmsley conjectures yroirjaov. v,x€ts 8^ is addressed to the audience of Athenian citizens, whom he is willing to leave to their inveterate habit of sendmg II ACHARNIANS, NOTES. LINES 134-167. embassies to court foreign alliances, and their vacant admiration of the fine promises brought back. 1. 134. 0€u)pov. This man is coupled with Cleonymus (Nub. 400) as one of the avy€iv, 'out- run by running,' cp. II. 14. 81 ^tKrepov 6s (pfvyuv Trpotpvyrj KaKov ij vtp oAu/T?, Ildt. 5. 95 avTus tM(v (fxvywv diro(p(vy(i. If the reading rptx^v be right, we must treat it as a sort of oxymoron, and render, ' till my running bring me to a stop.' A simple emendation is trcu^cD rp«xccj/. 1. 178. airovBds. These were represented by wine-skins, and the double meaning of aitivbuv, sc. to ' make a truce ' and ' pour a libation,' is generally kept up. We may call them 'treaty-samples'; for there was enough bouquet of wine about them to enable the Acharnian villagers to 'smell them out' i^«povTO). These men were the most thorough representatives of the war-party in Athens, and their hamlet contributed 3000 hoplites to the army. Cp. Thuc. 2. 20 di t€ 'Axapv^s oiofifyoi irapd. apiaiv avroh ovk iKaxiOTqv noipav (Jvai 'AOrjvaiojv . . . lyjjyoy T^v i^ohov fidkiara. 1. 180. oTiTTToi, 'close-grained, heartsof-oak, case-hardened Mara- thonian heroes, tough as maple.' The epithets are chosen with particular approi)riateness for men whose business was to cut wood and make it »4 >v.> into eharcoal. ariirroi avOpaKts represented a particularly hard sort of charcoal. See L. and S. s. v. ari-nr6^. As the date of the battle of Marathon was 65 years ago, we must suppose that only few of these Achamians had taken part in it; but the spirit that had animated them was not dead. Cp. avhpas Mapaewvofxaxas Nub. 987. There is a force in 'AxapviKoi as contrasted with 'Axapvrji. They have all the characteristics of Achamians about them. 1. 183. djiireXwy. This allusion still keeps up the double meaning in airov5ds. For the fact cp. Thuc. 2. 21 end^ 5^ nepl 'Axapvds (Uov rbv orparbv t^rjKovra araSiovs rrjs iroKfws dnixovTa, ovKiTi duaax^^ov (iTotovvTO, d\\' avToTs, us eiKos, yrji r(pLVop.ivr]s kv to) ifX(pav(i . . 8uv6v ((paivfTO. 1. 184. Tu)v XC0WV. For a similar partitive genitive cp. Nub. 59 on Twv iraxfto^v hfTieeis epvaWiScuv, Pax 962 tois diaTois /J/tttc twv Kpi6iuv, ib. 225 oaovs rwv Xidaiv. 1. 186. ol 8' otlv powvTuv, like Soph. Aj. 961 ol S' ovv yfXwvTUv, • well ! let them bawl.' Cp. Vesp. 6 aif S' ovv napaKiv5vv€V(. 1. 188. 'ir€VT€'T€is. The double meaning of anovbal is still kept up here. He is dissatisfied with the samples of wine five years old ; and he does not like a truce for so short a time. 1. 189. dpto-Kovaiv \i\ i.e. /i6 not /zot, which is not elided in Attic poetry. Though dpioKuv is commonly found with the dative, the accusative is occasionally used, as at Se raCr' dpioKu Ran. 103. These five-year samples are too young to be matured and mellow ; they still ♦smell of the rosin,' with which the inside of the wine-jar was smeared, when the wines were racked off. But Dicaeopolis puns upon the words, and says that this short five-year truce is only a brief armistice that will be spent in getting together war-material ; ' they smell of tar, and fitting galleys out.' Mr. Clark sees in irapao-K€vns vewv a further elaboration of the double entendre, and refers to the 'cooking' or ' doctoring ' of new wine. 1. 191. dXXd, *at any rate,* as Nub. 1364 Uura 5' iKiXtva avrvv dXXd pvppivrjv Ka^ovra . . Xi^ai. Join TavTiv ds of Love, says 7171' ot]v 6« Kvnpiv iToW' iyuj x^'P^^^ \(yoj. 1. 202. «ieiits the farm of Dicaeopolis (inf. 266) in his own hamlet ; where, heedless of the calendar, he organizes a special ceremonial. See on sup. 1 73, end of note. 1. 204. iruv6avov twv oSoi-iroptov, • enquire of all the wayfarers about the man' ; so ffpaxta aov irv6fa$ai Nub. 48 2. 1. 205. TQ TToXei Yap d|tov. See on sup. 8. ' 'Tis worth our city's while.' I. 206. dXXd jioi }XT]vvavXus, which means 'lightly,' 'cheaply'; as Aves 961 rd dua pi) ipav\ojs (ptpf. 1. 216. t6t€, answering to ore in v. 214. Notice the grouping of the particles in the two clauses ; in which dv occurs both with €|€(}>vy€v and dire-irXilaTO, while a second dv, in each clause, goes closely with the adverbs. Cp. ws i75ca;s dv aov XiOcv rovs yoficpiovs | Koirroifi du Ran. 572, TToiav r'lv ovv fjSiaT dv oIkoit dv ir6\iv Av. 127. diT€TrXi|aTO, * trotted off,' is intended to be a grotesque word. The Schol. compares the description of the mules, Od. 6. 318 tu 5^ irKiaaovro nudeaffiv, 1. 219. fiaftpus dprjpd, and (1. 255) Upaaaaioi 5' aKovTiaev o^ei ax^^'^^V- The o-xoivos was also used in making fences to vineyards. The lacuna in the MSS. after oSwrjpos is variously filled up by conjec- ture. Blaydes' dviapos is as good as any. It seems far too violent a confusion of metaphors to see in ciriKcoTros an allusion to a sea-fight, where the sailors sit * at the oar,' -napd rri Kuirrj KaOrffitvoi. 1. 234. |3X€TT€Lv |3aXXT|va'5€. Thc Attic deme Pallene was an important military position. It had been the scene of an action between Eury- stheus and the Athenians ; between Theseus and the Tallantidae ; and between Peisistratus and the Alcmaeonidae. So, in one sense, the sound of the words implies ' to keep a sharp look out towards Pallene,' and secure a good position. But Aristophanes punningly assimilates the word to ^dXXuv, ' to wear a look that threatens pelting.' Mitchell suggests that the pun might be worked out by allusion to ' Stone- henge ; ' perhaps ' Hurlingham ' would be a better modern equivalent. 1. 235. "y-fiv irpo yi\s. So Aesch. P. V. 682 yrjv npu 77)5 tKavvofiai. 1. 236. oviK dv €jjnrXT]fjn]v, ' I could never get full satisfaction.' For this form of the optative cp. Lysist. 235 (unKrjd' {(fxnXfjTo) rj kvKi^, ib. 253 fiiapal K(K\TjiJL€d dv, Plut. 991 iVa lovyiov IfJidTiov T)p.tas, ' the order for silence,* expressed in €V(pT]p(iT€ sup. So Nub. 263 iviprjpLuv xpIj at the commencement of a sacrifice or ceie- mony. The phrase properly means, ' speaking words of good omen [only],' and thus comes to mean 'silence' — the only sure way of not offending. Cp. Favete Unguis Hor. Od. 3. i. 2. Clark compares Here. Pur. 962 ovbkvos aKo^v vitdirujv, i.e. the heralds* cry aKovtTi, as inf. looo. 1. 244. KaxdGov. She is bidden * to set her basket down* at the altar of Dionysus; and the 'initiatory rite' (diraplwfjicOa) consists in pouring over the cake some porridge with a ladle, which her mother ' hands up ' to her. 1. 246. Karaxw Tt Tivoi as inf. 1040, and Nub. 74 "XA' ivvtpdv ptov KaTix^iv Twv xpT]h^fOJV* ]8 NOTES, LINES 234-279. 1. 247. Kai fiTjv KaXov y' «o-t'. ' There ! that's all well.* It seems better to put the stop here, and to take dyaytlv and |vv6V€yk€iv as infinitives with optatival force. The sentence then, beginning with w Aiovvtrc, will run parallel with the Homeric formula (Od. 17. 354) Z(v ava, TrjX^pLaxdv pLoi iv dvbpdaiv oK^iov ihail Cp. Biot ttoKitcu pirj yuc SouXetas rvxfiy S. c. T. 253, Arjfi^Tep . . flvai pe tuv owv d^iov pivaTTjpiajv Ran. 886. ' O my master Dionysus, [grant] that I having acceptably to thee con- ducted this procession, and having sacrificed along with my servants, may celebrate, with good luck to us all, this thy rural festival, set free from my military service ; and that this thirty-year-truce may turn out well for me! ' Some editors put no stop after KaXov y* cot' and carry the construc- tion on to dYaY€iv, ' it is but right that I should celebrate.' 1- 253. dy\ oirws oio-eis, 'come, [see] that you carry the basket pret- tily, like a pretty maid.' Cp. d7€ vw dirws . . . tvOiws vcpapirdan Nub. 489. 1.254. pXcTTovora dv\L^po<^dyov, 'making a verjuice face,* asL.andS. The eating of the bitter herb ' savory ' would pucker the lips up, and give a prim, demure, look to the girl's face. Here the father is so over- come with his daughter's beauty and decorum, that he remarks that any one who gets her for a wife will be a lucky fellow. Cp. vdirv (mus- tard) pX^nnv Eq. 7,6i,dpiyavov /BKeirav Ran. 602. 1. 257. vXdTT€o-0ai, with imperatival force, 'take very good care in this crowd that no one slily (XaOwv) nibble away at your golden trin- kets.' These were probably strings of gold coins. Cp. Lysistr. 1188 foil, arpaipdrav 5e TtoiKikaiv Koi \ x^cLVibicov kqI ^vaTidcuv nai \ xpvo-iwv, oa IotI fxoi, I ov €4/dXcp, lit. 'in the sparks:' i.e. 'm the smoke of the C 2 12 ACHARNIANS. NOTES. LINES 281-32I. fire ; * with the intention of keeping the damp from it and preserving the leather and wood-work from insects, such as Infs Od. 21. 395. This would imply that the shield was stowed away for a long time. See on sup. 58 and cp. Hesiod, 0pp. 45 aJifd k( irrjSdkiov fxiv vv\p Kairvov /earaOfio. 1. 281. This line is found in the Rhesus, 675. 1. 284. TT^v x^rpav, see on sup. 237. It is mentioned as used in reli- gious rites in Av. 43. 1. 285. a^ \i(v ovv, 'nay rather, 'tis thyself we will stone.' It is not the pot, against which they are directing their missiles, but the man. 1. 2go. Tjji.u)v p.6vos, ' who, being the only man of us that has made terms of peace, hast still the courage to look me in the face,* or, pos- sibly, 'without consulting with us,' = x^P*5 ^fiiov. 1. 291. For €tTa after a participle see on sup. 23. 1. 295. |x6s implies a solemn engagement made and ratified with a public sacrifice. Cp. Schol. al ydp avv6^Kai bid rpiuv T(\ovvTai, 20 ■I J k - -d: 1' - i-!?" &r- ^; Xoyoiv, (pyojv, xupwv XSycov /iff oTov 8t* SpKov, tpyojv 8^ Sid ruv Iv 0ojpois OvCTitttv, xupwv h\ krrfiS^ al marfu bid ruv 8c|i(I>v yiyvovra:. The Athenian view of Lacedaemonian policy is thus summed up in Thuc. 5. 105 kirKpaviarara Sfv lapLtv rd p.\v -^bea KaKd vopii^ovai, rd Se ^vpuptpovra bUaia, and in Lysistr. 629 the Chorus declares that you may as well trust in a ravening wolf as in the Lacedaemonians, otai ttlotov ovblv €1 fMT) trcp XvKqj K^XV^"'''^- Cp. Eur. Androm. 446 ^iraprrjs tvoiKoi, duKia PovXevTTjpia, | \p(vbwv dvaKres, piTjxavoppdtpoi HaKwv, | eKiKrd icovbtv vyiks dWd ndv irepif | (ppovovvreSj dbiKais (vTvxf^T* dv' *E\A.a8a, 1. 314. «{r0' d Kd8iKovp.(vovs. The construction of tariv with cases of the relative is regularly idiomatic, as e.g. ianv oTs = eviois, tariv wv = iviojv, so that ta-Q' a must be taken together here as = 6vta, quaedam ; cp. Thuc. 2. 26 KXfonopiTos TTji iTopnOaXnaaiov tariv d (brjojac, quaedam loca fopulahatur. It is best then to take iroXXa closely with diro4)if|vaip,' av, ' I could abundantly prove, that in some points they are actually the in- jured parties.' Clark makes the sentence a condensed expression for diTootviKts to the red military cloak of the Lacedaemonians; cp. Lysistr. 11 39 6 AaKOJV 'Adrjvaiojv Ik(T7]5 KaOe^ero \ eirl roiai BcvpLois WXP^S ^^ v, as from a pres. ndvr^Koj. An exact parallel is fOTTf^co. For the construction cp. i(t6i 5w(tcuv Ag. 1670, ladi riaovaa Soph. Electr. 298. The crasis 5T||op.up' is for Z-q^oymi apa, 1. 326. dvTairoKT€vw. We must gather from the words tvSov cip^as (330) that, directly Dicaeopolis has uttered this threat about slaying the hostages, he rushes into his house, as though to effect his terrible purpose, while the Chorus is left in doubt as to the meaning of his dark menace ; * Can he have got a child of any one of us here present, having shut it up in his own house? or on what ground is he so defiant?' Then Dicaeopolis reappears, carrying, probably, a sword in one hand (inf. 342), and in the other a coal basket {XapKos) of the regular Acharnian type. The scene is intended as a parody upon a scene in the Telephus of Euripides (the Schol. says * of Aeschylus') ; in which Telephus is represented as snatching up the young Orestes from his cradle, and threatening to kill him, unless Agamemnon comply with his request. A similar scene occurs in the Thesmophoriazusae 689 foil., where Mnesilochus steals a baby as a hostage from the women, and finds it after all to be a wineskin which they had for their private drinking. i- 335- •««'«pax9'. ie. KUpaxOi, as in Vesp. 198. The plural 2nd person in use is KfKpdyfre Vesp. 415. See Veitch, s. v. Kpa^co. Cur- tius (Verb. pp. 290, 376, 387) shows that this and similar forms have no perfect signification, but are rather imperatives of reduplicated aorists. The force of ws with diroKTCvw seems to be causal, ' bawl away, since I am determined to slay.* Some editors put a colon at dirofcrfvuf, making it parallel with ws dirwXojieo-Oa sup. I. 336. 6p.T|\iKa, a conjecture of Reisig for the MSS. rbv jj\iKa. The Achamians not only call the coal-basket their fellow-burgher (Stijiottjs sup.\ but their mate. It is an old basket which these old men have known and used for years. Cp. Eur. Hippol. iioi Tt* tXos, adopting which we must write on in one word, and render, 'how that he is acceptable to your view'; or, reading t«, i.e. nvl rpoiroj, • how that he is in a sort of way your friend.' With tov AaK€8ain6viov cp. o 'Attik'iojv Pax 214 ; and, generally, M^Soj. 1. 341. €i€pda-aT6, 'empty out.' The word is technically used of purging and vomiting ; also of emptying the voting pebbles from the urn, Vesp. 993. , 1. 342. |i<^os, the Chorus n^eans by this the sacrificial ^axaipa, k ax ^"^1 343. oircos |x^ . . €YKd0TivTat irov. This rare use of the pres. indie. after'oiws jit, implies his belief that stones are still lurking in the folds of their cloaks : so 6rr/ao-iv. With this elliptical phrase cp. tit] iioi -f/pLvdovs Vesp. 1179, '[make] no pretext, please!' Antig. 577 /xt) Tpt/3ds eT. 1 346. fj must mean something different from its ordinary sense of marching back to the Thymele (in contrast to avTcarpocpif)). This would not represent a movement violent enough to swing and toss their cloaks. The Schol. says KopdaKa hSdnvvvrai, the Kordax being a rough and romping dance. We might render ' pirouette.' 1 347. dvao-€i€iv PoV- For ^o^v the MSS. give ^orjs, (Mr. Clark mentions that the Rav. MS. has a written above 779, in the same hand, which induces him to read /Sods = c/amom, comparing Soph. Ant. 1021) Prof. A. Goodwin (Class. Rev. iii. p. 313) proposes /3oas from 0o({>s ' sail-rope,' and renders * shake out every rag of canvas.' So dvaa^Uiu KdKw, Pollux, Onom. i. n?. Mr. Clark rightly says, *We have the word dvaa^Uiv in Thuc. iv. 38 oi W aKovaavTis rrapvKav rds danibas ol irXurrroi koX rds x«>s dvatruoavT^s, SrjXodvT^s rpocUaeac rd neKrjpvypilra. The throwing up of the unarmed hands was probably the recognised sign by which two hostile armies engaged to cease fighting. Aristophanes applies the word quaintly to the late pacific exclamations of the Chorus.' Transl , 'You had then 23 ACHARNIANS, NOTES. LINES 348-38 1. after all to throw up your cries for quarter,' Po-fjv or pois being napa vpoaSoKiav for xipas. 1.348. oXiYov, 'nearly/ as Nub. 7:2; inf 381. ITapvT|o-iot. The charcoal came from the woods on Mount Fames in Attica. 1. 349. dromav, ' unreasonableness,' or, as we say, ' awkwardness,' 1- 35 J- €pu)v in the sense of • bringing ' or ' adapting equal measure /o equal ; ' but laov icrco stands closely together, as in Hippocr. 1040 d SiSovai yd\a nal olvov iriufiv laov too), and 4)€pa)v means, ' stand- ing,'^ 'admitting.' as in Eq. 118S tls rjU^ {6 ohos) nal id rpla <|>(pu)v Ka\ws, i.e. three parts of water to two of wine. Cp. Plut. 1133 oi>ot 5e KvKiKos loov laoj KfKpafiivrjs. 1- 357- ^Ji^w 7«- So that he would not run such a direful risk, if he had not been sure that he could make his case good. 1. 360. o Ti ttot', ' what this strong plea is that you've got.' 1. 361. t[iiyi ir60os €X€i o Tt