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 Established in Brooklyn for the past 35 Years 
 The oldest (exclusive) fur establishment in Brooklyn 
 Invite your inspection of their Latest Models in 
 
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 FUR GARMENTS TO ODRER A SPECIALTY 
 Catalogue Mailed on Application 
 
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 BROOKLYN BANK 
 
 THE OLDEST IN THE BOROUGH 
 
 585-587 FULTON STREET and Flatbush Avenue 
 BRANCH - - Cor. Fulton and Clinton Streets 
 
 This Bank is now in fact as well as name a purely local institution, with no cu'si • 
 affiliations whatever. It is under entirely new and efficient management, and its Be;.. I i c 
 Directors is composed of men prominently identified with the business interests of B,u ... , , 
 thus insuring a safe, conservative and successful policy. 
 
 Up to-date facilities and liberal treatment governed by sound business principals i 1 
 mark its future course, and no efforts will be spared to give patrons a thoroughly modern 1 
 advantageous service. - 
 
 DANIEL O. UNDERHILL, President, 
 
 NELSON G. AYRES. Vice President & Cashier, 
 
 WILLETT G. RENDELL. Asst. Cashier. 
 
 FREDERICK W. FLOTTWELL, Asr.t. C-sMcr . 
 
 DIRECTORS 
 
 NELSON G. AYRES LUDWIG XISSEN 
 
 CHARLES K. !!!•'. h'.KMAN WM. A. PRENDERGAST 
 
 DESMOND DUNNE GEORGE RAMSEY 
 
 rOHN I.. GAVIN DAVID SCHWARTZ 
 
 ERSKINE HEWITT JEREMIAH <'.. TUTHILL 
 
 S. S. M I'.NKKN FRANK II. TYI.K.K 
 
 D. O. UNDERHILL 
 
 YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICITED. 
 
 Oil- 113 2,/ 0OKG7/T 
 
Photo by E. F. Foley. 
 
 THE PRISON-SHIP MARTYRS' MONUMENT. 
 
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 THE MONUMENT. 
 
 THE Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument is on the highest part of Fort 
 Greene Park and is surrounded by a granolithic plaza 220x220 feet, in 
 the center of which stands the shaft which is one of the largest fluted columns 
 in the country. The base of the shaft contains a double platform, or stylobate, 
 fifty-four feet square, and the two entrances to the shaft are on the second 
 platform and face north and south. From the west there is a granite ap- 
 proach to the upper plaza from the lower level. It consists of three flights 
 of thirty-four steps each one hundred feet wide with two intermediate plat- 
 forms of granolithic pavement, and the two extremeties of the flights being of 
 granite coping. On the second platform and in the center of the flights of 
 steps there is a descent to the crypt, which is, therefore, concealed under the 
 steps, and wherein are contained the bones of the Prison Ship Martyrs. 
 
 The height of the shaft from the lower plaza to the top of the bronze 
 urn is 195 feet 8 inches, and from the upper plaza 145 feet 8 inches. The 
 diameter of the shaft at the base is 17 feet 6 inches from flute to flute, and 
 the interior diameter is 9 feet. 
 
 The urn surmounting the shaft is the largest piece of work of the kind 
 ever attempted. It stands 20 feet 8 inches above the top of the granite base, 
 is 12 feet in diameter, and weighs eight tons; 35 men can stand comfortably 
 in the bowl. The decorative lions' heads at the top of the uprights are two 
 feet in diameter, and weigh 100 pounds. The casting of this immense work 
 was done by the Whale Creek Iron Works, of Brooklyn, and required the 
 labors of from 15 to 20 men for four months. Models of all the parts were 
 first made and submitted to the architects, and a full-sized model of the en- 
 tire urn was built up in plaster over a wooden frame and placed on top of the 
 shaft for the architects' final approval. 
 
 A glass hemisphere is on top of the urn directly over eight one hundred 
 candle power incandescent lights, which at night reflects electric rays, and 
 on sunny days will be visible from great distances. The top of the urn is 
 fitted with a gas outlet, which produces a flame similar to a torch, and the en- 
 tire monument is otherwise lighted with incandescent globes. 
 
 An electric elevator and two circular flights of stairs furnish means of 
 reaching the top, where there are two openings opening on the abacus course 
 or capital of the- column, permitting a beautiful view of the entire city. 
 
 Four corners of the upper plaza contain granite standards three feet in 
 diameter, and ten feet high, in which are placed towering lights trained upon 
 the monument, thus furnishing illumination to the exterior. 
 
 The enclosure about the entire plaza consists of Japanese hedge. There 
 are four spaces twenty-live by seventy feet in which it is intended to ulti- 
 mately construct pergolas or arbors. 
 
 The granite for the shaft and stylobate is obtained from the Newport 
 White Granite Quarry, located in the northern part of New York State, and 
 near the Canada border line. The granite for the steps is from Green Island, 
 Maine. The interior of the monument, or the backing for the granite is of 
 brick painted with enamel paint. The contract for this work was awarded 
 to the P. J. Carlin Construction Company. 
 
 The design was made by Messrs. McKim, Mead & W hite, and was said 
 to be the last effort of Mr. Stanford White. 
 
COMPLIMENTS OF 
 
 Horatio C. King, 
 
 44 Court St., BrwWyn, ft, i. 
 
 THE year 1776 stands out conspicuously in American history by the 
 memorable events it witnessed. In its opening months Washington, 
 who had been holding- the English army in Boston as if in a vise, 
 forced the redcoats to evacuate the city on St. Patrick's Day. The moral 
 effect of this can be readily imagined. The "embattled farmers," who had 
 quit their ploughs and taken down from over the fireplaces their old flintdocks 
 to fight England's trained soldiers, had cooped up an English army for eight 
 months in one of the principal cities of the colonies and had ended by forcing 
 that army to make a hasty departure to escape being captured. Washington's 
 raw recruits had been tried and had been found not wanting. 
 
 On a July day of the year which witnessed the forced evacuation of 
 Boston these same recruits were drawn up on the spot where the New York 
 City Hall now stands to listen to the reading of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence, which had been issued on the fourth day of the same month. The 
 colonies had ceased to be British dependencies and had become a nation. The 
 American people in that memorable summer were animated with high hopes. 
 To them the future looked promising. Then the prospect suddenly darkened. 
 In August the battle of Long Island, fought on ground part of which is now 
 included within the limits of Prospect Park, Brooklyn, took place. It was a 
 decisive and crushing defeat for the Americans. It was by the merest chance 
 that the whole American army was not captured, which might have brought 
 trie War of the Revolution to a summary end then and there. By herculean 
 efforts Washington succeeded in ferrying his defeated troops across the East 
 River. Then began a rapid retreat, with the English in hot pursuit, who 
 received a check just north of Central Park. 
 
 Things looked gloomy. The city of New York had been lost and there 
 was imminent danger of the American army being surrounded and cut to pieces. 
 Washington resolved to make a dash for New Jersey, where lie would have 
 more room in which to manoeuvre. Unfortunately, lie was over persuaded by 
 
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©Atrial £>uutmttr Driiiratum of lijr $Jriami iHartyra' fRunumrnt. 
 
 Gen. Greene to leave a garrison of two thousand men in Fort W ashington, 
 which he at first intended to evacuate. The fort, which was on the New York 
 side of the Hudson, not far from the present Riverside Drive, was taken by 
 assault in November, 1776, two thousand prisoners falling into the hands of 
 the British. It was the second staggering blow struck at the American cause 
 in the course of a few months. It is estimated that the number of persons 
 taken by the British at the battle of Long Island and at the fall of Fort 
 Washington aggregated five thousand. This number was increased by the 
 prisoners taken in the several engagements fought during the New Jersey 
 campaign. 
 
 The question of how to house this army of prisoners pressed for solution 
 in the closing days of 1776. At the time there were only two jails in New 
 York city, namely, the "New Jail," which until recently remained in quite an 
 altered form as the "Hall of Records," and the Bridewell, which was situated 
 between the site of the present City Hall and Broadway. As these two jails 
 could not hold the great number of Americans captured in battle, the British 
 were compelled to convert three large sugar houses, several of the dissenting 
 churches, the hospitals and Columbia College into prisons. The last of the 
 sugar houses to survive the ravages of time was the one owned by the Rhine- 
 lander family, which stood on the corner of William and Duane streets. Into 
 these prisons were crowded the unfortunate patriots whom the fortunes of war 
 nad placed at the tender mercy of the British. These buildings also were soon 
 crowded to overflowing by daily accessions of captive patriots, who, in many 
 instances, found not even space to lie down and rest upon the hard and filthy 
 floors. Here, in these loathsome dungeons, denied the light and air of heaven, 
 scantily fed on poor, putrid and sometimes even uncooked food ; obliged to 
 endure the companionship of the most abandoned criminals and those sick 
 with smallpox and other infectious diseases; worn out by the groans and com- 
 plaints of their suffering fellows, and subjected to every conceivable insult 
 and indignity by their inhuman keepers, thousands of Americans sickened 
 and died. 
 
 The horrors of these improvised prisons were, however, soon to be 
 outdone by the inhuman treatment inflicted upon the unfortunates confined in 
 the prison ships anchored in the Wallabout Bay, where now are stationed great 
 warships flying the flag of the nation which was born of the magnificent 
 heroism and terrible suffering of the noble men who were literally martyrs in 
 the cause of human freedom. In these prison hulks were confined the crews 
 of American privateers captured by British cruisers. There were also some 
 soldiers of the Continental army, but the majority of the prisoners had been 
 captured at sea. The first of these hulks was a large transport named the 
 Whitby, which was anchored in the Wallabout in October, 1776. Later on 
 the "Old Jersey," the "John," the "Falmouth," the "Chatham," the "Kitty," 
 the "Frederick," the "Glasgow," the "Woodlands," the "Scheldt" and the 
 
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tiDfitrial fbaubemx Uriiiratum xif tl|r prhum S>lny martyrs' fHmuutmtt. 
 
 "Clyde" made up the murderous fleet in which so many Americans were 
 starved and tortured to death. 
 
 Of the ships we have mentioned the "Old Jersey," very appropriately 
 nicknamed the "Hell," stands out pre-eminent by its murderous record. 
 Originally she was a fourth-rate sixty-gun ship of the British navy, built in 
 1739. When her fighting days were over she was used for purposes which 
 have made her name synonymous with infamous cruelty, the retelling of 
 which makes us shudder even now, after the lapse of more than a hundred 
 years. Captain Dring. who was one of the unfortunates immured in the 
 "Jersey," has left an interesting narrative of his experience on board of her. 
 He gives us this description of the hull in the hold of which he was to spend 
 so many days of privation and torture: "We at length doubled a point and 
 came in view of the Wallabout, where lay before us the black hulk of the 'Old 
 Jersey,' with her satellites, the three hospital ships, to which Sproal, British 
 commissary of prisoners, pointed in an exulting manner and said, 'There, 
 rebels, there is the cage for you !' As he spoke my eye was instantly turned 
 from the dreaded hulk, but a single glance had shown us a multitude of 
 human beings moving about her upper deck. It was then nearly sunset, and 
 before we were alongside every man, except the sentinls on the gangway, had 
 disappeared. Previous to their being sent below some of the prisoners, seeing 
 us approaching, waved their hats, as if they would say approach us not ; and 
 we soon found fearful reason for the warning. While waiting alongside for 
 orders, some of the prisoners, whose features they could not see on account of 
 the increasing darkness, addressed them through the airholes which we have 
 described. After some questions as to whence they came and concerning their 
 capture one of the prisoners remarked that it was a lamentable thing to see so 
 many young men, in full strength, with the flush of health upon their counte- 
 nance, about to enter that infernal place of abode. 'Death,' he said, "had no 
 relish for such skeleton carcasses as we are, but he will now have a feast upon 
 you fresh comers.' The newcomers were registered and sent below, but the 
 intolerable heat and foul air rendered sleep impossible; and when they sought 
 the airholes, in order to gain one breath of exterior air, they found them 
 occupied by others, who seemed to be justified, by the law of self-preservation, 
 in keeping possession, and who could not be induced by any amount of 
 persuasion to relinquish their places even for a moment." 
 
 The moment an unfortunate prisoner set foot on the deck of the Jersey 
 or on the deck of any other of the prison hulks he had to face the starvation 
 process. Each prisoner was furnished in quantity with two-thirds of the 
 allowance of a seaman in the British navy at that time. In other words there 
 was doled out to each six men what was equivalent to the full rations of four 
 men. Not only in quantity was the food deficient, but, worse still, in quality 
 it was unfit for human beings to eat. Sherburne, one of the victims, in his 
 Memoirs gives us this description of what he and the other prisoners on the 
 Jersey were obliged to eat to satisfy the cravings of hunger: "Tt was sup- 
 
©Atrial &mtfa?nir Sr-iitraiunt of tljr- prison S»biu martyrs' dftmunttrot 
 
 PLAN OF THE BATTLE OE BROOKLYN, 
 August 27, 1776. 
 
©Atrial gautttruir UcMratuni of tljr Prison S>l]\\f ittartyrs' iflUntumrnt. 
 
 posed that this bread and beef had been condemned in the British navy. The 
 bread had been so eaten by weevils that one might easily crush it in the hand 
 and blow it away. -The beef was exceedingly salt, and scarcely a particle of 
 fat could be seen upon it. Once a week we had a mess of what is called 
 burgoo, or mush (the Yankees would call it hasty pudding), made of oatmeal 
 and water. This oatmeal was scarcely ever sweet: it was generally so musty 
 and bitter that none but people suffering as we did could eat it.'' Captain 
 Coffin, another prisoner on board the "Jersey," furnishes us with this picture 
 of the straits to which the famished prisoners were reduced in order to ward 
 off starvation : "On the upper deck of the Jersey hogs were kept in pens by 
 those officers who had charge of her for their own use. They were sometimes 
 fed with bran. The prisoners, whenever they could get an opportunity undis- 
 covered by the sentries would, with their tin pots, scoop the bran from the 
 troughs and eat it (after boiling, when there was fire in the galley, which was 
 not always the case) with seemingly as good an appetite as the hogs them- 
 selves." 
 
 As if the condition of things produced by insufficient and uneatable 
 food was not bad enough, there was superadded a method of cooking which 
 inevitably was the cause of all the sickness that frequently ended in death. 
 On board the Jersey the cooking was done under the forecastle, or, as it was 
 usually called, the galley, in a boiler or great copper which was inclosed in 
 brickwork about eight feet square. This copper was large enough to contain 
 two or three hogsheads of water. It was made in a square form and divided 
 into two separate compartments by a partition. In one side of the copper the 
 peas and oatmeal for the prisoners were boiled, which was done in fresh water; 
 in the other side the meat was boiled. This side of the boiler was filled with 
 the salt water from alongside of the ship, by which means the copper became 
 soon corroded and consequently poisonous, the fatal consequences of which 
 are obvious. Fox, in his Adventures in the Revolution, referring to this 
 famous pot, throws the following strong side light upon the horrible condi- 
 tions under which the prisoners on board the "Jersey" were forced to consume 
 their food: "The inside of the copper had become corroded to such a degree 
 that it was lined with a coat of verdigris, and that the effects of this was 
 evident in the cadaverous countenances of those emaciaed beings who had 
 remained on board for any length of time. The Jersey, from her size, and 
 lying near the shore, was embedded in the mud ; and I do not recollect seeing 
 her afloat during the whole time I was a prisoner. All the filth which 
 accumulated among upward of a thousand men was daily thrown overboard 
 and would remain there until carried away by the tide. The impurity of the 
 water may be easily conceived, and in this water our meat was boiled." 
 
 Small wonder that the Angel of Death was soon busily at work in the 
 hold of the prison hulks. Dysentery, smallpox and yellow fever daily made 
 fearful ravages among the emaciated skeletons, whose lives from the moment 
 they touched the deck of one of these prison ships was one long continuous 
 
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QDfftrial $mibrnir Uratratum nf tljr ^Irtium g>ljtp martyrs' HHmummtt. 
 
 torture, which for many of them ended in the grave. One who went through 
 the horrible experience of imprisonment in one of these hells on earth has 
 described for us the nightly scenes which took place in the dark, foul-smelling 
 and overcrowded holds of the Jersey and of her companion prison ships. We 
 quote from Dring's Narrative: "Silence was a stranger to our dark abode. 
 There were continual noises during the night. The groans of the sick and 
 the dying, the curses poured out by the weary and exhausted upon our 
 inhuman keepers; the restlessness caused by the suffocating heat and the 
 confined and poisonous air, mingled with the wild and incoherent ravings of 
 delirium, were the sounds which every night were raised around us." Andros, 
 another prison ship victim, gives this dramatic account of his personal experi- 
 ence during those nights of accumulated horror: "Utter mental derangement 
 was a common symptom of yellow fever, and to increase the horror of the 
 darkness that shrouded us (for we were allowed no light betwixt decks) the 
 voice of warning would be heard, 'Take heed to yourselves; there is a madman 
 stalking through the ship with a knife in his hand.' 1 sometimes found the 
 man a corpse in the morning by whose side I laid myself down at night. At 
 another time he would become deranged and attempt, in darkness, to rise, and 
 stumble over the bodies that everywhere covered the deck. In this case I had to 
 hold him in his place by main strength. In spite of my efforts he would some- 
 times rise, and then I had to close in with him, trip up his heels and lay him 
 again upon the deck. While so many were sick with raging fever there was a 
 loud cry for water; but none could be had except on the upper deck, and but 
 one allowed to ascend at a time. The suffering then from the rage of thirst 
 during the night was very great. Nor was it at all times safe to attempt to go 
 up. Provoked by the continual cry for leave to ascend, when there was already 
 one on deck, the sentry would push them back with his bayonet." 
 
 One naturally would suppose that the sight of the helplessness and 
 suffering of the American patriots would have touched a tender chord in the 
 hearts of their English jailers and would have made them do what they could 
 to mitigate the horrors of the Jersey and the other prison ships. But to the 
 disgrace of our common humanity this was not the case. The brutal and heart- 
 less English guards fairly reveled in perpetrating acts of fiendish cruelty upon 
 men who were powerless to protect themselves. In a publication entitled 
 History of Prison-Ship Martyrs, William Burke, who was a prisoner on board 
 of the Jersey for about fourteen months, relates the following story of what 
 he personally witnessed : "During that time among other cruelties which were 
 committed I have known many of the American prisoners put to death by the 
 bayonet. In particular I well recollect that it was the custom on board the 
 ship for but one prisoner at a time to be admitted on deck at night, besides 
 the guards or sentinels. One night, while the prisoners were many of them 
 assembled at the gate at the hatchway for the purpose of obtaining fresh air 
 and waiting their turn to go on deck, one of the sentinels thrust his bayonet 
 down among them, and in the morning twenty-five of them were found 
 
©ffirtal gauthrnir UriUratuni of tljr fhrison ^hi|i iHartyra' iflummmtt. 
 
 wounded and stuck in the head and dead of the wounds they had thus received. 
 I further recollect that this was the case several mornings, when sometimes 
 five and sometimes eight or ten were found dead by the same means."' 
 
 Burke's testimony enables us to understand the spirit animating the 
 heartless wretches at whose absolute mercy were the unfortunate American 
 patriots confined in the pestilential holds of the prison ships. The latter had 
 abandoned the comforts of home and had faced death in the service of their 
 country. The inhuman treatment to which they were subjected had not killed 
 in them the sentiment of patriotism. For them the Fourth of July was a red 
 letter day, as it marked the severance of the political ties which had bound the 
 American colonies to England. On each anniversary of the issuing of the 
 Declaration of Independence the emaciated prisoners, who were barely alive, 
 celebrated the day as best they could. One of these celebrations is memorable 
 for a display of savagery on the part of the sentinels. The story of what 
 occurred on the 4th of July, 1782, is well worth repeating. The prisoners, upon 
 going on deck in the morning, displayed thirteen little national fiags in a row 
 upon the booms, which were immediately torn down and trampled under the 
 feet of the guard. Paying no attention to this, the prisoners proceeded to 
 amuse themselves with patriotic songs, speeches and cheers, all the while 
 avoiding anything which could be considered as intentional insult to the guard. 
 The latter at an unusually early hour in the afternoon drove the prisoners 
 below at the point of the bayonet and closed the hatches. The prisoners con- 
 tinued their singing, etc., between decks until about 9 o'clock in the evening. 
 When an order to desist was not promptly complied with the hatches were 
 suddenly removed and the guards descended among them with lanterns and 
 cutlasses in their hands. Then ensued a scene of horror. The helpless pris- 
 oners, retreating from the hatchways as far as their crowded condition would 
 permit, were followed by the guards, who mercilessly hacked, cut and 
 wounded every one within their reach. They then ascended to the upper 
 deck, fastening down the hatches upon the poor victims of their cruel rage, 
 leaving them to languish through the long, sultry summer night, without 
 water to cool their parched throats and without lights by which they might 
 have dressed their wounds. To add to their torment it was not until the 
 middle of the next forenoon that the prisoners were allowed to go on deck and 
 slake their thirst or to receive their rations of food which, that day they 
 were, obliged to eat uncooked. Ten corpses were found below on the morning 
 which succeeded that memorable 4th of July and many others were badly 
 wounded. 
 
 This sample of the savagery with which the American prisoners were 
 treated is suggestive of much. It shows that the inhuman guards needed only 
 a pretext to wreak their vengeance upon their victims. It is not surprising 
 that men, whose lives were a living death, were goaded into taking desperate 
 chances to escape from the tortures to which they were subjected hourly. 
 This was what happened on the prison ship Stromboli one nisrht when her 
 commander was ashore. Several of the prisoners made an attack upon the 
 guard in an abortive attempt to obtain their freedom. Some of them were 
 killed and others were wounded. By the time the captain went aboard the 
 outbreak had been quelled. The wounded Americans were, however, still 
 
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ODffirial guuturuir Qrriiratimt of tlir Prison iflarturs' iWmtummt. 
 
 lying on the deck. Silas Talbot, who was a prisoner on board the Stromboli, 
 has left on record the following description of the brutal scene enacted on the 
 return of the Stromboli's commander: "A poor fellow lying on deck bleeding 
 and almost exhausted by a mortal wound, called the captain by name, and 
 begged him, 'for God's sake, a little water, for I am dying!' The captain 
 
 applied a light to his face and directly exclaimed: 'What, is it you, d n 
 
 you? I'm glad you are shot! If I knew the man who shot you I'd give him a 
 
 guinea. Take that, you d n rebel rascal !' and instantly dashed his foot in the 
 
 face of the dying man." What a picture this is ! How vividly it brings home 
 to us across the chasm of the years that scene between the dying martyr in 
 the cause of American freedom and the savage English captain stamping his 
 foot in the face of one already in the agonies of death. If Silas Talbot had not 
 committed to writing what he personally witnessed the fiendish act just de- 
 scribed would have been buried in oblivion. Acts equally savage were com- 
 mitted constantly on board the prison ships, but rarely was there a Silas 
 Talbot present to transmit any account of them to posterity. 
 
 The English jailers of the prison ship martyrs not only practiced fright- 
 ful cruelties on the latter when alive, but allowed their hatred for their victims 
 to extend to their dead bodies, which were hastily and indecorously consigned 
 to the earth, in some cases almost before they had become cold. In the His- 
 tory of the Prison Ship Martyrs Captain Coffin, who was a prisoner, tells the 
 following story of how one of his fellow prisoners barely escaped being buried 
 alive: "A man of the name of Gavot, a native of Rhode Island, died, as was 
 supposed, and was sewed up in his hammock and in the evening carried upon 
 deck to be taken with others who were dead and those who might die during 
 the night on shore, to be interred (in their mode of interring). During the 
 night it rained pretty hard; in the morning, when they were loading the boat 
 with the dead, one hammock was observed by one of the English seamen to 
 move. He spoke to the officer, and told him that he believed the man in that 
 hammock (pointing to it) was not dead. 'In with him,' said the officer; 'if he 
 is not dead he soon will be.' But the honest tar, more humane than his officer, 
 swore he never would bury a man alive, and with his penknife ripped open the 
 hammock when, behold ! the man was really alive. What was the cause of 
 this man's reanimation is a question for doctors to decide. It was at the time 
 supposed that the rain during the night had caused the reaction of the animal 
 functions, which were suspended but not totally annihilated." 
 
 The readiness of the English officer to take a chance of burying a man 
 alive shows how callous were the men at whose mercy the prisoners were 
 placed. The unceremonious manner in which the dead were buried was the 
 natural result of this callousness. The bodies of those who during the night 
 escaped from their sufferings through the portals of death were brought up 
 each morning by the working party and placed upon the gratings of the upper 
 decks. Their glazed eyeballs staring upward toward the heavens, their 
 ghostly and pinched features, contorted by the suffering through which they 
 had passed, their bodies stiff, stark and naked (their clothes, if they had any, 
 were the perquisites of the so-called nurses), these martyrs in the cause of 
 American freedom awaited the only remaining insult which their captors could 
 inflict upon them — the indignity of an unhonored and unknown grave. Soon 
 the deadboat was seen approaching, receiving her ghastly freight from the 
 other prison -ships on her way to the Jersey. Upon her arrival alongside each 
 corpse was laid upon a board to which it was bound with ropes, a tackle at- 
 tached to the board and the whole lowered over the ship's side into the dead- 
 
©fiirial Sunthrmr Dfuiratiini nf tlir JJrtsou ^btp iRarturs' Hhmumrttt. 
 
 boat without further ceremony. Captain Dring, whom we have already 
 quoted, happened to be drafted into one of these burying parties. He has 
 left on record the following description of what he saw: "After landing at a 
 low wharf, which had been built from the shore, we first went to a small hut, 
 which stood near the wharf, and was used as a place of deposit for the hand- 
 barrows and shovels provided for these occasions. Having placed the corpses 
 on the hand-barrows, and received our hoes and shovels, we proceeded to the 
 side of a bank near the Wallabout. Here a vacant space having been se- 
 lected, we were directed to dig a trench in the sand of a proper length for the 
 reception of the bodies. We continued our labor until our guards considered 
 that a sufficient space had been excavated. The corpses were then laid into 
 the trench without ceremony, and we threw the sand over them. The whole 
 appeared to produce no more effect upon our guards than if we were burying 
 the bodies of dead animals instead of men. They scarcely allowed us time 
 to look about us ; for, no sooner had we heaped the earth above the trench, 
 than the order was given to march. But a single glance was sufficient to 
 show us parts of many bodies which were exposed to view ; although they 
 had probably been placed there, with the same mockery of interment, but a 
 few days before." 
 
 The rain and tide were soon busily at work undoing these mock burials. 
 For several years after the close of the Revolution the bones of those who died 
 on board the prison-ships were to be seen scarcely earthed in the falling banks 
 of the Wallabout, or strewn upon its shores, and bleaching beneath the win- 
 ter's storm and the summer's scorching sun. Sam Johnson in his Recollec- 
 tions of Brooklyn and New York in 1776, referring to these mute witnesses of 
 English savagery, says : "We believe that more than half the dead on the 
 outer side of the mill pond were washed out by the waves at high tide during 
 northeasterly winds. The bones lay exposed along the beach, drying and 
 festering in the sun, and whitening the shore, till reached by the power of a 
 succeeding storm. As the agitated waters receded the bones receded with 
 them into the deep. We ourselves have examined many of the skulls lying 
 on the shore. From the teeth they appeared to be the remains of men in the 
 prime of life." 
 
 In the course of time these mockeries of burials multiplied in number 
 on account of the increased mortality among the prisoners, due to the over- 
 crowded condition of the prison ships. The notorious Jersey, with which 
 such horrible memories are associated, became at length so crowded and the 
 increase of disease among the prisoners so rapid, that even the hospital ships 
 were inadequate for their reception. In this emergency, bunks were erected 
 on the starboard side of the upper deck of the Jersey for accommodation of the 
 sick from between decks. The horrors of the old hulk were now increased 
 a hundred-fold. Foul air, confinement, darkness, hunger, thirst, the slow 
 poison of the malarious locality in which the ship was anchored, the torments 
 of vermin, the suffocating heat, alternating with cold. and. above all, the al- 
 most total absence of hope, performed their deadly work unchecked. A con- 
 temporary, speaking of the old hulk, fittingly describes it in these terms: 
 "The whole ship, from her keel to the taffrail, was equally contaminated, and 
 contained pestilence sufficient to desolate a world. Disease and death were 
 wrought into her very timbers." That this was not an overdrawn picture is 
 shown by the number of those done to death in the hold of the Jersey. It 
 was estimated shortly after the close of the Revolutionary War, when the 
 data were more easily obtainable than now, that upwards of eleven thousand 
 
©fltrial g-oubrnir UnMratum of tlir Prison &htu Hartgra' ittmutumit. 
 
 died aboard of her. A letter from the Jersey published in the Pennsylvania 
 Pocket of September 4, 1781, furnishes these suggestive statistics. "We bury 
 six, seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven men in a day. W have two hundred 
 more sick and falling sick every day." The other prison ships added their 
 quota to this death roll, which had been steadily lengthening during the seven 
 years these floating morgues were stationed in the Wallabout. An American 
 patriot, horrified by this holocaust to English brutality, made the following 
 appeal to the press of the country : 
 
 "Fishkill, May 8, 1783. 
 "To All Printers of Public Newspapers. 
 "Tell it to the world, and let it be published in every newspaper through- 
 out America, Europe, Asia and Africa, to the everlasting disgrace and infamy 
 of the British king's commanders at New York, that during the late war, it is 
 said, 11,644 American prisoners have suffered death by their inhuman, cruel, 
 savage, and barbarous usage on board the filthy and malignant British prison- 
 ship, called the Jersey, lying at New York. Britons, tremble, lest the ven- 
 geance of Heaven fall on your isle for the blood of these unfortunate victims. 
 
 "An American." 
 
 It cannot be truthfully alleged that this frightful death list was due to 
 circumstances which were beyond control. Thousands who sickened and 
 died in the pestilential holds of the prison ships might have been saved if the 
 dictates of humanity had not been wholly ignored. Take, for instance, the 
 water served out to the prisoners. It was putrid and wholly unfit for human 
 beings to drink. Unquestionably it was one of the chief causes of the dis- 
 eases which carried off so many victims. Captain Coffin, who, as a prisoner, 
 knew from personal experience the kind of water served to him and his com- 
 panions in captivity, says in the History of Prison Ship Martyrs that they 
 were obliged to drink water, the scent of which would have decomposed the 
 olfactory nerves of a Hottentot; while within a cable's length of the ship, on 
 Long Island, there was running before our eyes, as though intended to tan- 
 talize us, as fine, pure and wholesome water as man would wish to drink." 
 The prison ships themselves need not have been the hells they were. As al- 
 ready stated they were condemned vessels of war, totally unsuitable for places 
 of confinement. Nor was there the least necessity for using them as such, as 
 within a stone's throw, were broad acres of unoccupied land, much better 
 suited for the purpose. Neither was there any real or pretended necessity for 
 resort to the extreme measures which were adopted towards the American 
 naval prisoners. It is evident that the Jersey, which had once accommodated 
 a crew of over four hundred, with full armament, supplies, etc., might, with- 
 out her stores, dismantled, and anchored in a protected situation, have easily 
 been made comfortable for even the thousand prisoners which she is said to 
 have averaged. That she was not so, and that she became a "festering plague 
 spot," was attributable largely to the conduct of the English officers under 
 whose immediate care the prisoners were placed. 
 
 It speaks well for the patriotism of the Prison-ship Martyrs that defy- 
 ing torture, starvation, loathsome disease and the prospect of a neglected and 
 forgotten grave, they resisted the temptation to escape from their noisome 
 prisons by enlisting in the British service. This chance was daily offered to 
 them by the British recruiting officers, who visited the ships, but whose per- 
 suasions and offers were almost invaribly treated with contempt by men who 
 fully expected to die where they were. Despite untold physical suffering; de- 
 
(fffirtal ^nulunttr DrMratum uf thr prison &ifi$ Ulartgra' ittmutmcut. 
 
 or 
 
 Jv- T.n the it^rti^ of .the Spirits of 
 
 j£ the Departed F 1 R E E . 
 S &cxi-td. to the memory of that por 
 - 1 ioi i of Atxier ie an Se amen ,5 < >1 die ts 
 Citizens, -who perished in the cau^e of 
 Liberty & their Country on hoard the 
 prison ships of the British (during the lire 
 pplxrtionary ;war,) at the Well- ah out. 
 
 iThis is the corner stone of the -vault 
 pv^iich contains their relics, erected bv 
 the Tammany S o ciety or C ohxmhian 
 pr x der ox t hs Gity of Newark. The ground 
 for which was bestowed byjohn. Jackson. 
 
 "Massaxi Island, Season of BlossonrY,*. 
 Teai* of Dis^coTery the 
 of the Institution the lo^& of 
 
 American Independence the 32* - 
 April the 6^1808. 
 
 Jacob "Vundervoort -n " 
 
 IWdet StvyW I \V a ll-aW. 
 Issaenar Cozzens 
 
 t 1 ^ j / Committee, 
 
 rlojbert -Townsmen d j 
 
 BeryuiTrriri "W«atj?onj 
 
 Sfamuel Cow drey s « 
 
 YriHiaxn^DaviclCa-mpbell Budder^. 
 ^ 
 
 AULT. E 
 
 EC 
 
 ) 
 
 BY 
 
 CORXKR-STONE OE EIRST \' 
 
 TAMMANY S( )CIETY. 
 In this v lull the remains of Hie prison- ship martyrs were first interred. This 
 corner-stone is placed above the door of the crypl of the present monument. 
 
©Atrial dmtfcntr Sriiiratum of tljr prison martyrs* iffliutumrnt. 
 
 spite temptation held out by the British officers — temptations calculated to 
 shake the resolution of the strongest men ; despite the insinuations of the 
 British that they were neglected by their own government — insinuations 
 which seemed to be corroborated by the very facts of their condition ; in de- 
 fiance of threats of even harsher treatment, and regardless of promises of 
 food and clothing — objects most tempting to men in their condition; despite 
 all this, few comparatively sought relief from their woes by the betrayal of 
 their honor. And these few went forth into liberty followed by the execra- 
 tions and undisguised contempt of the suffering heroes whom they left be- 
 hind. It was this calm, unfaltering, unconquerable SPIRIT OF PATRIOT- 
 ISM — defying torture, starvation, loathsome disease, and the prospect of a 
 neglected and forgotten grave which sanctifies for every American heart the 
 scene of their suffering in the Wallabout, and which will render the sad 
 story of the "prison ships" one of ever-increasing interest to all future gen- 
 erations. It has been finely said that "They preferred to die rather than in- 
 jure the Republic." Captain Coffin asserts that he never knew of but one who 
 yielded to the temptation of gaining freedom by betraying the cause of their 
 country. 
 
 The cruel insinuations about their Government neglecting them at 
 length induced the prisoners on board the Jersey to send a petition to Gen- 
 eral Clinton, the British general in command of New York, praying for per- 
 mission to transmit a memorial to General Washington describing their piti- 
 able condition, and soliciting his influence in their behalf. The favor was un- 
 expectedly granted by the British general, and three messengers, chosen by 
 the crew from among their own number, were authorized to leave the ship on 
 this embassy. In addition to the written memorial which they bore, they 
 were directed to state, in a manner more explicit that they dared to commit 
 to paper, the peculiar horror of their situation, the miserable food and water 
 on which they were obliged to subsist; and to promise him that if their re- 
 lease could be procured, they would gladly enter the American army and 
 serve during the remainder of the war as soldiers. This memorial was sent 
 in June, 1782. It appealed strongly to the sympathetic heart of Washington, 
 who lost no time in answering it. A few days after the prisoners were sum- 
 moned to the spar-deck to listen to the reading of General Washington's reply, 
 in which he expressed his deepest sympathy with their condition, and his deter- 
 mination to mitigate its severities by every means within his power. To the 
 messengers personally he had fully explained that their long detention in 
 captivity was owing to a combination of circumstances against which it was 
 very difficult, if not impossible, to provide. In the first place, but little ex- 
 ertion was made on the part of the Americans to secure and detain their Brit- 
 ish prisoners, for the purpose of exchange. Many of the British seamen cap- 
 tured by privateers had, he understood, joined the crew of the privateers, and 
 that, when this was not done, the local authorities in the places where the 
 prisoners were landed refused to bear the cost of housing and feeding them, 
 and consequently they were set free. "The general Government," added 
 Washington, "only took charge of those seamen who were captured by the 
 vessels in public service. All these circumstances combined to render the 
 number of British prisoners at all times too small for a regular and equal ex- 
 change." The whole correspondence between the American and British au- 
 thorities, relative to the condition of the American prisoners in the hulks, will 
 be found in Dawson's Dring (Appendix L). From these letters it will be 
 seen that Washington had not been unmindful of the sufferings of his un- 
 
©flftrial Sumbruir Srntratimt of tljr Jlrisuu ^hiu martyrs' ittmutmrnt. 
 
 Photographed by E. F. Foley, from an old print In the Long Island Historical Society. 
 
 THE FIRST MONUMENT. 
 
(iffuial ^nulirntr Miration of thr tfrtaim S>lny martyrs' fHmutmrnt. 
 
 fortunate countrymen, his first letter to the British authorities being dated 
 January 25, 1781 ; but his authority in the premises was limited, the real power 
 to negotiate for the exchange of naval prisoners being vested, not in him, but 
 in the Financier of the American Government. Exchanges between the bel- 
 ligerents were to be made in kind ; and owing, as above stated, to the course 
 pursued by those engaged in privateering in releasing captives without parole, 
 or enlisting them in the American service, our Government had but few naval 
 prisoners to offer; while, to accept the enemy's offer to receive soldiers in ex- 
 change, would, by furnishing the enemy immediate re-enforcements in the 
 field, have been subversive of the interests of the United States. 
 
 Memories which will ever be associated with the Jersey lend a grue- 
 some interest to her final fate. At the expiration of the war, the prisoners 
 remaining on board the "Old Jersey" were liberated, and the old hulk, in 
 whose "putrefactive bowels" so many had suffered and died, was abandoned 
 where she lay. The dread of contagion prevented all from venturing on board, 
 and even from approaching her polluted frame. But the ministers of destruc- 
 tion were at work. Her planks were soon filled with worms, who, as if sent 
 to remove this disgrace to the name of our common humanity, ceased not 
 from their labor, until they had penetrated through her decaying bottom, 
 through which the waters rushed in sucking down to a slimy grave a hulk 
 the name of which will ever live in American history as a synonym of the 
 inhuman brutality inflicted upon men who offered up their young lives in the 
 service of their country. 
 
 Years after the Jersey sank beneath the waters of the East River, the 
 bleached bones of her victims, strewn along the shores of the Wallabout, were 
 mute witnesses of the horrors enacted between her decks. In 1803 the Tam- 
 many Society, actuated by the patriotic spirit which has ever made it con- 
 spicuous in the celebration of the 4th of July, took the initiative in the work 
 of procuring a becoming sepulchre for the remains of the Prison Ship Martyrs 
 who died that the Nation might live. An eloquent memorial was prepared 
 and presented to the National House of Representatives, then in session in 
 Washington. Nothing, however, came of this memorial. Five years later, 
 on February 1st, 1808, the Tammany Society made a second and more suc- 
 cessful attempt to arouse the country to a sense of what was due to the mem- 
 ory of the martyred dead. The society appointed a Wallabout Committee, 
 which proceeded to take immediate steps towards effecting the long-talked-of 
 and long-neglected burial of the remains, of which upwards of thirteen hogs- 
 heads had been collected. They began an extensive correspondence, published 
 a stirring appeal in the columns of the public press, invited the cordial co- 
 operation of their patriotic fellow-citizens in every part of the union, and in 
 various ways tried to create interest. Thanks to these energetic measures, 
 the Nation, moved by the memories clustering round the martyrs' graves 
 amidst the sandhills of the Wallabout, took up the work of providing for these 
 sacred remains a place of final deposit. So generous and effective were the 
 responses to the appeal of the Wallabout Committee that they commenced the ' 
 building of the vault at an earlier date than they originally intended. 
 
 On Wednesday, April 13th, 1808, the cornerstone was laid with im- 
 posing ceremonies which were preceded by a military and civil procession 
 which formed at Fulton street, Brooklyn, and marched to the vault on Jack- 
 son street, adjoining the Navy Yard. Benjamin Romaine, Grand Sachem of 
 Tammany, assisted by the Wallabout Committee, laid the cornerstone of the 
 vault upon which was placed the following inscription: 
 
©Atrial £>uuhrmr SrMratum of tljr $riaim fHartyrs' iflmutmcnt. 
 
©fluid gwthrnir Sriiiratiim nf tbr prison Ship ittartyra' iHmuuunit. 
 
 IN THE NAME OF THE SPIRITS OF THE DEPARTED FREE. 
 
 Sacred to the memory of that portion of American Seamen, 
 Soldiers and Citizens, who perished in the cause of Liberty and their 
 Country on board the prison-ships of the British (during the revolu- 
 tionary war) at the Wallabout. 
 
 This is the cornerstone of the vault which contains their relics, 
 erected by the Tammany Society or Columbian Order of the City of 
 New York. The ground for which was bestowed by John Jackson, 
 Nassau Island, Season of Blossoms. Year of Discovery the 316th, 
 of the Institution the 19th. and of American Independence the 32nd, 
 April the 6th, 1808. 
 
 Jacob Vandervoort, 
 John Jackson, 
 
 Burdet Stryker, Wallabout 
 Issachar Cozzens, Committee. 
 Robert Townsend, 
 Benjamin Watson, 
 Samuel Cowdrey, 
 William and David Campbell, Builders. 
 
 The original stone bearing the foregoing inscription has been placed 
 above the door of the vault which is in the center of the second terrace ap- 
 proaching the Monument. 
 
 The ceremony was concluded with the firing of National salutes by the 
 marine corps and the artillery, and solemn music by the bands. Then, before 
 the procession and some two thousand citizens gathered in a circle around 
 the door of the vault, Joseph D. Fay, Esq., a member of Tammany, pro- 
 nounced a brilliant and eloquent oration over "the tomb of the patriots." At 
 the conclusion of his address the procession returned to the place of rendez- 
 vous at the ferry, where they formed a circle around the liberty pole, near the 
 market, gave three cheers, and dispersed to their homes. 
 
 Almost two months later the Tammany Society made another and still 
 more striking demonstration in honor of the martyred dead. When the vault 
 was finished the remains were removed to it on the 26th day of May, 1808. 
 New York and Brooklyn on that May day one hundred years ago witnessed 
 a military and civic pageant, which, for splendor and impressiveness, far sur- 
 passed anything these two places had seen up to that time. It was estimated 
 at the time that thirty thousand persons crowded the streets to watch the great 
 procession as it passed on its way to the place where the remains of the 
 Prison Ship Martyrs were to be interred. As soon as the morning guns had 
 ceased to fire, the reveille was sounded from all the different military posts 
 in the city; at all public places, at all military posts and on all vessels (ex- 
 cepting the British), were displayed the American flag and other flags of dif- 
 ferent nations at half mast. 
 
 At 10:00 o'clock, under the command of Generals Morton and Steddi- 
 ford, all the military, citizens and societies, under the direction of Garret 
 Sickles, Grand Marshal of the day, formed in procession on Broadway, then 
 moved forward in the following order : 
 
 "I. A trumpeter, mounted on a black horse dressed in character (black- 
 relieved with red), in his right hand a trumpet to which was suspended a 
 
©ffirial gwtbrnir Drbirattun of lljr Priam i>liip iHartnrs' iflmutmrnt. 
 
 black silk flag edged with red and biack crepe on which appeared the follow- 
 ing motto in letters of gold : 
 
 "MORTALS— A VAUNT." 
 1 1,500 
 
 SPIRIT OF THE MARTYRED BRAVE, 
 
 Approach the Tomb of Honor, of Glory, of Virtuous Patriotism! 
 
 "II. Colonel Vanzandt, Chief Herald, in full military dress, mounted on 
 a white horse, richly caparisoned, bearing the staff and cap of liberty, to which 
 was suspended a blue silk shield, edged with red and black crepe; the field 
 covered with thirteen stars in gold, emblematic of the original American con- 
 stellation. 
 
 "III. Major Aycrigg and Captain Coffin acted as aides to the Chief 
 Herald, in plain black dress, wearing feather and red sashes, the horses and 
 company uniform, each carrying a flag of the American stripes trimmed with 
 crepe. 
 
 "IV. An escort of horsemen (preceded by a trumpeter) under the 
 command of Major Warner. 
 
 "V. A detachment of Field Artillery under the command of Captain 
 Buckmaster. 
 
 "VI. Brigadier General Morton, accompanied by his aides, commanded 
 the first Grand Division of the Military, composed of Artilleryites with small 
 arms, colors, bands of music, drums and fifes; they marched reversed arms, 
 being the custom of all funeral occasions. 
 
 'A ll. Brigadier General Steddiford, accompanied by his aides, com- 
 manded the second Grand Division, composed of various bodies of infantry, 
 each corps under the particular charge of its own commandant : their noble 
 and truly soldierly conduct on so solemn an occasion merited the affection 
 and esteem of their fellow citizens, especially Captain Commandant Mc- 
 Clure's corps, the Republican Greens, which appeared more brilliant and nu- 
 merous than on any former occasion, their band being the first to perform the 
 Grand Wallabout Dead March; a detachment of artillery and a squadron of 
 horsemen brought up the rear of this division. 
 
 "VIII. A band of music, occasionally performing the Grand Wall- 
 about March, the instruments all relieved with red and black crepe. 
 
 "IX. This place was intended for the Society of the Cincinnati — time 
 having reduced this veteran band to a very small number, all who attended 
 were distributed among the military and other honorable bodies in which they 
 held station. 
 
 "X. The Grand Marshal, Garret Sickles, appropriately dressed with 
 feathers and sash, bearing a truncheon in his hand, accompanied by four aides. 
 
 "XT. The Clergy, in their customary order. The Rev. Air. Townly and 
 the Rev. Mr. Williston were the only two of that respectable body who ap- 
 peared with the procession in the City of Brooklyn. They were joined bv the 
 Rev. Mr. Striper and the Rev. Mr. Van Nest, of New Jersey. 
 
 "XT I. The Wallabout Committee, seven in number, each bearing on 
 his hat the buck's tail as a distinguishing mark of their being members of 
 Tammany Society, dressed in black with a broad red badge relieved with 
 crepe. 
 
 "XIII. Tammany Society or Columbian Order and thirteen coffins 
 filled with the bones of the immolated patriots; the following is the order in 
 which the Society marched: 
 
©Atrial &aubmit UnMratum of tl?r ftruum &Ifip iHartyrs* MatmmttXt. 
 
 "ist. The cap of liberty, shrouded in crepe, carried by the Wiskinkie. 
 
 "2d. The Great Standard of the Society, supported by the Sagamore 
 and his two Masters of Ceremonies. The Standard is of an oval form ; it shows 
 the Arms of the United States emblazoned on both sides; a margin of eight 
 inches round it exhibits to view the thirteen animals by which each tribe is 
 represented; the outer edge is decorated with a profusion of elegant feathers, 
 in the Mexican style; it is suspended to a start on the top of which is a large 
 plume of feathers — the whole was overhung with crepe. The Masters of 
 Ceremonies, one on each side the Sagamore, held by a tassel the end of a 
 silken label, on which was written in golden letters: 
 
 "Tammany Society or Columbian Order!" 
 
 "3d. The Grand Sachem wearing the badge of his office. This badge 
 is a silver chain composed of thirteen links, within each link is a star ; a gold 
 medal is suspended from it, on which appears the flame of liberty dedicated 
 to freedom; its motto, "Preserve by Concord." The Grand Sachem was sup- 
 ported by the Treasurer on his right, carrying Wampum, and the Secretary 
 on his left, carrying the Journals of the Society. 
 
 "4th. The Orator in plain black dress. 
 
 "5th. Father of the Council, swaying the calumet; on his right the 
 Scribe, carrying the Constitution, and on his left the Counsellor, carrying 
 the book of laws. 
 
 "6th. The Sachem of the New York Tribe. 
 
 "7th. The standard bearer, carrying a banner, showing the arms of the 
 State on one side and a star on the other, suspended to a staff, surmounted 
 with the Cap of Liberty, all covered with black. 
 
 "8th. The Tribe Hunter. 
 
 "9th. The body of the Tribe in two lines, having a space of fourteen 
 feet between them ; within this area the first coffin was borne on men's should- 
 ers, over which appeared the American flag: this invaluable relic is the identi- 
 cal flag which first waved in triumph on the Battery, in place of the one 
 which the British left flying on the ever memorial 25th of November, 1783; 
 this day the immortal Washington entered the city at the head of his war- 
 worn and almost exhausted but virtuous army and the British turned their 
 faces towards the East, leaving us at peace, free and independent. 
 
 "10th. One and four Revolutionary characters, eight to each coffin, as- 
 sisted as pallbearers; of these the Honorable Samuel Osgood and the Hon- 
 orable Henry Rutgers were stationed in front, on the right and left of the 
 first coffin. Each of the pallbearers wore a large white scarf relieved with 
 crepe. The Alank, or Clerk, brought up the rear of the third tribe. 
 
 "The New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
 Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South 
 Carolina and Georgia tribes following, each attending a coffin and marching 
 in the same order. 
 
 'Oh, Americans! here make a solemn pause! these thirteen small re- 
 ceptacles now contain the lemains of our country's virtuous martyred sons, 
 ye sires, ye matrons, ye youths of America— remember the suffering thev en- 
 dured — indent them on the rocks — cat them on the trees — write them in in- 
 delible ink and impress them on the minds of your offspring, that they may 
 be remembered while our country bears the name of free.' 
 
 "XIV. Music performing the dead march of the martyrs. 
 
 "XV. The Grand National Pedestal. This sublime spectacle consisted 
 of an oblong square stage erected on a large truck, the margin of which rep- 
 
GMrial *mtbrmr Sriiratiou nf tltr prison ^biu iHartyrs' ifflmuutmtt. 
 
 resented an iron railing, below which dropped a deep festoon that covered the 
 wheels; a pedestal representing black marble, eight feet long, six feet high 
 and four feet wide, stood on the stage. On the four panels or tablets were 
 the following inscriptions: 
 
 (Front) 
 
 AMERICANS! REMEMBER THE BRITISH. 
 (Right side) 
 
 YOUTH OF MY COUNTRY ! MARTYRDOM PREFER TO SLAVERY. 
 
 (Left side) 
 
 SIRES OF COLUMBIA! TRANSMIT TO POSTERITY THE CRUEL- 
 TIES PRACTISED ON BOARD THE BRITISH PRISON SHIPS. 
 
 (Rear) 
 
 TYRANTS DREAD THE GATHERING STORM 
 
 WHILE FREEMEN, FREEMEN'S OBSEQUIES PERFORM. 
 
 "On the top of the pedestal was displayed a superb blue silk flag, eigh- 
 teen feet by thirteen, on which were emblazoned, in the most superior style, 
 the arms of the United States ; on the top of the staff, eighteen feet high, was 
 a globe on which sat the American Bald Eagle enveloped in a cloud of black 
 crepe — the noble eagle seemed to mourn! 
 
 "XVI. Neptune's hardy sons, the American Tars, next followed, up- 
 wards of three hundred in number, in divisions of fifty headed by an officer, 
 two abreast. The American flag, half masted, appeared at the head of each 
 division; the sailors were dressed in blue jackets, white trousers and round 
 hats, wearing a crepe band around the hat and left arm. These brave re- 
 publicans of the ocean to the reflective mind were a most affecting sight that 
 alone drew the sympathizing tear from every eye — these worthy patriots were 
 inspired with one soul, they were steady and true as the needle to the pole ; 
 the most exact order and the greatest harmony were observed in their ranks. 
 
 "XVII. The municipal officers and citizens of the town of Brooklyn — 
 this division (Walter Berry, Theodorus Polhemus and Jeremiah Johnson, trus- 
 tees and commissioners of the town of Brooklyn) — the artillery under Lieu- 
 tenant Martin Boerum (the 13th Regiment New York Artillery) took their 
 stations agreeable to the rules of war. 
 
 "XVII I. The Honorable Corporation of the City of New York next ap- 
 peared in this grand, solemn scene — the Honorable De Witt Clinton, Mavor 
 of the City, accompanied by the Recorder and most of the Aldermen and As- 
 sistant Aldermen, and the officers attached to their body. 
 
 "XIX. His Excellency, Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State, 
 his aide and lieutenant with the Honorable John Broome, Lieut.-Goveraor, 
 members of Congress, members of the Legislature, diplomatic and other char- 
 acters of distinction, including naval and military officers from various ports 
 of the United States and from foreign countries. 
 
 "XX. The Mechanic Society of the City of New York headed by their 
 president and other officers. 
 
 "XXI. The Shipwrights in their customary order preceded by their 
 president attended by the sub-officers, exhibiting a beautiful standard display- 
 ing the arms of their institution, all appropriately dressed in crepe. Among 
 this invaluable bodv of citizens were seen some living witnesses of THE TEN- 
 DER MERCIES (')E Til E BRITISH. 
 
©Atrial ftanferair irhiratinu of tljr ftrisim M]i\> iWarturn' iHmutmrnt. 
 
 "XXII. Hibernia's sons, noble, generous, brave, the patriotic and char- 
 itable institution — the Hibernian Providence Society, with unaffected and 
 deepfelt grief, here passed along, the president and other officers in their 
 proper stations. The whole body wore the badge of their society with crepe 
 on the left arm. Their elegant standard, which shows the arms of the insti- 
 tution and the country, with appropriate banners being properly enshrouded 
 in mourning. Here were beheld hundreds of Erin's persecuted sons; here 
 were seen sons whose father's bones were as yet untombed, and brothers to 
 the yet unburied martyred brave ; here were seen a band of patriots, many of 
 whom might say, "THERE PERISHED MY FATHER BY CRUEL FAM- 
 INE! THERE MY WOUNDED FRIEND, BY THE BAYONET 
 PLUNGE! THERE MY SICK, MY DYING BROTHER, DEVOURED 
 IN THE FLAMES OF THE STROMBOLI, IN ATTEMPTING IN VAIN 
 TO SEEK A WATERY GRAVE." 
 
 "XXIII. The Society of Coopers in their usual order wearing the oak 
 leaf in their hats. 
 
 "XXIV. In regular succession follow the Society of Masons with crepe 
 on their arms, each wearing the medal or badge of the institution. They 
 were numerous and respectful, headed by their president, the arms of their 
 society were displayed and an elegant flag trimmed with black. 
 
 "XXV. The Ancient Order of Tailors next advanced. 
 
 "XXVI. The Hatters Society followed, the standard and banner of 
 this society were all appropriately in mourning. 
 
 "XXVII. The last of the societies was the Concord, each member car- 
 rying a green branch in his hand and wearing a band of crepe on his left arm. 
 
 "XXVIII. Music, grand and solemn. 
 
 "XXIX. The citizens of all classes. 
 
 "XXX. The military officers off duty — a few of the remaining war- 
 worn veterans of the Revolution were here seen. 
 "XXXI. A detachment of field artillery. 
 
 "XXXII. This splendid procession was closed by a troop of horsemen." 
 
 The procession, after passing through various streets, reached the East 
 River, where, at different places, boats had been placed for crossing to Brook- 
 lyn. Thirteen large boats transported the thirteen tribes of the Tammany 
 Society, each containing one tribe, one coffin and the pallbearers. The Grand 
 Sachem, Father of the Council, accompanied by the Chief Herald, his aides and 
 the Trumpeter, led the van, the boats following in order. The waters of the 
 East River foamed beneath the oars of a thousand boats and on all sides a 
 hundred vessels swelled to the breeze. 
 
 At Brooklyn Ferry the procession was reformed and marched to the 
 vault where a stage, trimmed in black crepe, had been erected for the orator 
 of the day. The coffins were placed in front and the pallbearers took their 
 places on the stage. The Tammany Society arranged itself in front of the 
 stage, citizen behind citizen covered the plain and the hill as far as the pros- 
 pect extended. A detachment of military marched to the southeast bank of 
 the East River with the cannon, from whence they fired minute-guns for some 
 time, and were answered by the thunder of artillery from Corlear's Hook, 
 Fort Jay, and other military posts. As soon as the firing ceased a solemn 
 silence pervaded the multitude, and expectation sat on every countenance. 
 The tomb was open to receive the remains. The American martyrs were 
 about to be honored with the rites of sepulture. Amid the impressive silence 
 which reigned the Rev. Ralph Williston addressed "the God of Battles" in "a 
 
©ffirial gantbrmr iUrotratton of the Prison £>Ijtu fHartyra' iHottumrnt. 
 
 most solemn, eloquent and pious supplication." Dr. Benjamin De Witt then 
 delivered the funeral oration, which he had prepared at the request of the 
 Tammany Society, in a style and manner dignified, pathetic and eloquent. He 
 described the heroic fortitude with which the martyrs endured indescribable 
 misery, and while the audience listened to catch the relation, tears of sym- 
 pathy bedimmed their eyes. It was a solemn and sublime hour. At the 
 close of the oration the coffins were deposited in the tomb and the ceremonies 
 were closed with the solemn benediction, "To the King Immortal, Invisible, 
 the All-wise God, be glory everlasting. Amen !'' The procession then re- 
 turned to Brooklyn Ferry. Crossing the ferry it marched to City Hall Park, 
 New York, where it was dismissed. The magnificent demonstration we have 
 just described, for which the Tammany Society deserves the credit, was the 
 first public acknowledgment of the debt of gratitude their countrymen owed 
 the heroic dead who sacrificed their lives in the holds of the pestilential prison- 
 ships. 
 
 Unfortunately the veneration for the memory of the martyrs displayed 
 on that May day in 1808 was not long lived, and consequently the vault into 
 which their remains had been gathered became neglected in the course of 
 time. Its walls were infringed on by an alteration of the grade of Jackson 
 street (now Hudson avenue) and a few years later the very lot on which the 
 vault stood was sold for taxes. It was not until the year 1852 that the citi- 
 zens of Brooklyn began to realize thoroughly the nature of the base ingrati- 
 tude displayed by allowing the vault containing the bones of the martyrs to 
 fall into a dilapidated state. In the year mentioned a public meeting was 
 held at which the following resolution was adopted: "BE IT RESOLVED, 
 That the time has arrived when the cities of New York and Brooklyn cannot, 
 without criminality, longer delay the necessary efforts for rearing a monu- 
 ment to the Martyrs of the Prison Ships." An organization was formed, en- 
 titled the "Martvrs Monument Association," in which each Senatorial district 
 
 MARTYRS' TOMB AT EORT GREENE, 1873 TO 1908. 
 
Affinal ^ouuruir Srdiratum of tl)? $Jrisou ^hio UHartgrfi' iflouumntt. 
 
 of New York and each State and Territory in the Union was represented. 
 They set to work, selected a site on Fort Green, secured plans for a p">Oi:u- 
 ment and began soliciting donations. 
 
 Again enthusiasm died down, as it did after the magnificent demon- 
 stration of 1808, and two decades were to come and go before any real work 
 would be accomplished. In 1873 a lot on Fort Greene, which had been granted 
 to the "Martyrs Memorial Association," was utilized. By that time the vault 
 on Hudson avenue, which had been erected sixty-five years before through 
 the efforts of the Tammany Society, had become so dilapidated from neglect 
 that the remains were in an exposed state. Many of the old coffins were 
 broken or defaced. Twenty-two new boxes were procured in which the old 
 coffins were placed and all that remained of the mortal part of the 11,000 
 prison ship martyrs were removed on the 17th day of June, 1873, to a brick 
 vault constructed in Fort Greene. The removal was in striking contrast with 
 the magnificent civic and military display which took place in 1808, as de- 
 scribed above, when the old vault in Hudson avenue first received all that 
 remained of the heroes who suffered untold tortures and died rather than 
 prove false to the cause of American freedom. 
 
 Thirty-five years ago, when the final interment of the martyrs' remains 
 were made in Fort Greene, scarcely a reference to the fact was made in the 
 daily press of Brooklyn and New York. 
 
 On June 6, 1902, a resolution was reported to the National House of 
 Representatives appropriating the sum of $100,000 for the erection of a mon- 
 ument to the memory of the Prison Ship Martyrs in Fort Greene, in the Bor- 
 ough of Brooklyn. The resolution provided that the sum should not be pay- 
 able until there should be raised by private subscriptions and by appropria- 
 tions made by the State of New York and the City of New York sums aggre- 
 gating an additional $100,000. The sum of $25,000 was raised by private sub- 
 scriptions, more than half of which was paid to "The Prison Ship Martyrs' 
 Association." In 1900 the government of the State of New York authorized 
 the appropriation by the State of $25,000 and the City of New York of S50,- 
 000 as a contribution toward the erection of the monument provided for in 
 the resolution of the National House of Representatives to which we have 
 already referred. 
 
 In the very year that Congress granted this, appropriation was made, 
 workmen engaged in digging foundations for the extension of the plane of 
 the Brooklyn Navy Yard, dug up more than 100 skeletons from their beds in 
 the tunnels where they had lain for one hundred and twenty years. The 
 Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument Association took charge of the bones and 
 gave them a public burial on June 16, 1900. This time all due honor was 
 shown to the memory of the martyred dead. Impressive services were held 
 at Fort Greene, at which the Secretary of the Navy, Rear Admiral Phillip and 
 the Hon. Stewart L. Woodford spoke. The eight large boxes containing the 
 recently discovered skeletons were lowered into the Fort Greene vault whilst 
 round after round of musketry and the impressive booming of cannon at 
 Governor's Island gave outward evidence of the reverential respect in which 
 the memory of the Prison Ship Martyrs is still held. 
 
 The vast amount of labor and effort required to bring about the proper 
 memorialization of the Prison Ship Martyrs and the real univcrsalitv of the 
 appeal for the erection of the memorial monument, when once the matter was 
 brought before the attention of a busy world, are well set forth in the address 
 delivered by Hon. S. V. White, president of the Prison Ship Martyrs' Moim- 
 
©ffirial *mihrmr Sr&iratuut of tljr $rtsim £>l}ip iKartyrs' ManumsnL 
 
 ment Association at the laying of the cornerstone on October 26, 1907. The 
 spirit of patriotism and of affection displayed by several patriotic societies and 
 notably, at the last instance, by the Tammany Society, is well shown in Mr. 
 White's address, from which this excerpt is taken : 
 
 "It was my humble privilege to serve in Congress from December, 1887, 
 until March, 1889. Readers of the Brooklyn papers had for several years been 
 made familiar with the efforts of the Society of Old Brooklynitcs to induce 
 the Congress of the United States to erect a monument to these martyrs. 
 Early in the first term of the Fiftieth Congress, the bill was presented again 
 by my most respected and beloved friend, the Hon. Felix Campbell. It was re- 
 ferred to the Committee on Libraries, and according to routine usages, was 
 promptly reported back with a favorable recommendation for an appropriation 
 of $100,000. At odd spells in that Congress, as well as in preceding ones, there 
 were sporadic scintillations of patriotic fire, always carried on when there 
 wasn't a quorum in the House, and after many speeches in its favor, upon the 
 question of unanimous consent for its passage, there was always some object- 
 ing watch-dog of the Treasury to defeat it by a single objection. 
 
 "There was constantly much discussion over raising private funds in 
 Brooklyn and in New York to build this monument. There were those of us 
 who saw two things — one was that the amount to be raised was bigger than 
 could be raised by popular subscription without disgraceful delay. The other 
 was that the sentiment of the States, south, southwest, west, and northwest, 
 was not in favor of wholly paying out of the public treasury for any monu- 
 ment which might beautify the parks of Brooklyn or New York. It was be- 
 lieved by some, in which belief I shared, that the Congress would gladly vote 
 for the Government to pay a moiety of the cost of a suitable monument, and 
 to that end, after consultation with others, I bent my energies to procure 
 $100,000 in the following method : To secure an appropriation of $25,000 from 
 the State of New York; $50,000 more from the City of New York; and $25,000 
 by private subscription, and basing the action of the Federal government upon 
 these sums when raised, I hoped to have a $200,000 fund from which to build 
 the monument. 
 
 "The first step was in Albany, and as I did nut wish to have the divided 
 judgments of a committee, I went alone to try the scheme on. At that time 
 the late Governor Higgins was a member of the Senate Finance Committee, 
 and I went before him and his colleagues and told my story. When the nar- 
 ration was completed our eyes were not wholly dry and I received what was 
 to me the equivalent of an assurance that the committee would recommend the 
 appropriation, which they did, and in due time it passed the Senate and As- 
 sembly and became a law. 
 
 "And in connection with the name of Governor Higgins several coinci- 
 dences have occurred in the course of legislation resulting in the completion 
 of the fund. Governor Higgins was Senator when the matter was presented 
 first to the committee of which he was a member. He was Governor when 
 the first action was taken by the Building Commission, and he caused the 
 prompt payment of the $25,000 to such Commission. Theodore Roosevelt 
 was Governor when the State bills passed, and he signed them as Governor, 
 giving them efficacy as law. Theodore Roosevelt was President when Con- 
 gress passed the $100,000 appropriation, and he also signed that law. George 
 B. McClellan was chairman of the snb-committee of the Library Committee 
 in the House of Representatives when the bill was passed there, and having 
 reported it favorably, he had charge of the bill 011 its passage, when it came 
 
(Dfiirial *iutltruir Sriiiratinn nf tift prison Ulartijra' ittnnuinrnt. 
 
 up for action and was passed, and George B. McClellan was Mayor and ex- 
 officio member of the Building Commission from the time such Commission 
 got to work. 
 
 "Following the appropriation by the State, proper and successful appli- 
 cation was made for $50,000 from the city. The fund, which had been com- 
 menced some time before, to be raised by private subscription, was about half 
 completed. After the United States Congress had passed a conditional ap- 
 propriation, circulars were sent out and numerous responses came from many 
 directions. The address seemed to be scarcely dry upon the envelope carry- 
 ing the application to General Thomas H. Hubbard when a check for $1,000 
 was received in response. The Society of Old Brooklynites rallied and sent 
 a check for $1,000, which with additional subscriptions, later on, amounted to 
 a $1,250 gift. The Empire State Sons of the American Revolution gave $1,000, 
 and promptly increased it to $1,250. Fort Greene Chapter of the D. A. R. gave 
 $1,000 or more, and the Little Men and Women of '76, O. A. R. gave $250. 
 At last, on the 3d of July, 1903, we had $24,000 in the fund. I hinted to mem- 
 bers of the Tammany Society that they were the fust in the struggle to secure 
 proper recognition of the martyrs patriotism and glory, and I wanted them 
 to vitalize the $199,000 by giving the last $1,000. The reply came, "Come to 
 Tammany Hall to-morrow and make a statement of the case." Punctually 
 at 12 o'clock I was amid the sachems and the braves of Tammany. I sug- 
 gested that they could make their glory complete by perfecting the work now 
 so well in hand. The vote was taken and $1,000 given, and I carried their 
 check home in my pocket. I should answer, there were many co-laborers, 
 patriots all, who built it, and that it was true during its building that "they 
 also serve who only stand and wait." 
 
 The proceedings of to-day by which the Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument 
 is dedicated, with impressive ceremonies, and a memorial oration by Hon. Wil- 
 liam Howard Taft, President-elect of the United States, conclude the active 
 work which has brought about the erection of this monument. Henceforth, 
 a modicum of effort designed to keep in proper repair and condition this mon- 
 ument and its immediate environment will constitute the chief work of the 
 assocation. 
 
 But no one who sees this shaft uplifting its head to the sky can fail to 
 realize that this pile of stone is not designed as a mere ornament to a piece of 
 landscape gardening. This monument is not placed here to fill the eye with 
 « sense of beauty and contrast with surroundings. It represents, so far as 
 cold stone may, the love, affection, the eternal gratitude of a free people, en- 
 joying untold blessings of liberty and equality, wrung from a despotic gov- 
 ernment by blood, by suffering and by treasure. The unnamed dead, the un- 
 marked graves that silently lie beneath the stars are not recounted in biog- 
 raphies or histories which stir the heart of patriotic youth. Yet every spot 
 of this free land which shelters a martyred patriot's stilled heart sends forth 
 its emanations of liberty to invigorate the air that freemen drink. And when 
 grateful affection can rescue from the tombless beds the remains of those who 
 suffered wounds, brutality, starvation and cruel death, as did these heroes 
 whom this monument commemorates, and place the remnants of the patriot 
 dead beneath a memorial shaft, the act stands forth not alone as a solemn 
 duty that devolves upon them who inherit the blessings for which these men 
 strove, but likewise does this loving remembrance recall to a happy and pro- 
 gressive people, free from war and internecine strife, the cares, the sufferings, 
 the toil, the blood, by which freedom's blessings were nobly won. 
 
©Atrial ^mihruir Driitratiott of the Prison g>hip £llartyrs' fflotutmrnt. 
 
 H()X. WILLIAM HOWARD TA IT 
 
 President-Elect of the United States, 
 
 ( >R.\T( >R ( )1 ; Till'. DAN'. 
 
(fffirial $mtbruir fUriiiratum of tl|r ^risnn i>ljiy iHarti*ra' iHnnumrnt. 
 
 Shi 
 
 t xx u m t u i 
 
 ^tititrdxtsnt Qltxzxxxmxxts 
 
 jiVrowgh of Brimklvnt 
 Cit^t jxf ^ r pto Hork 
 
 ^ xtittxxxbtx ix\xx\tt\x 
 
 Committer 
 
 Gen. HORATIO C. KING, Chairman Com. of Arrangmts. 
 
 Gen. LUKE E. WRIGHT 
 
 Secretary of War 
 
 Hon. CHARLES E. HUGHES 
 Governor of New York 
 
 Hon. GEORGE B. McCLELLAN 
 
 Mayor of New York City 
 
 Hon. S V. WHITE 
 
 President Prison Ship Martyrs* 
 Monument Association 
 
 Hon. STEPHEN M. GRISWOLD 
 
 Society of Old Brooklynites 
 
 JOHN B. CREIGHTON 
 
 Secretary 
 
©Atrial iuuiluniir Brfifrattatt of tljr- ^riiuut *hiit M&vt$t8 iltiuummtt. 
 
 (il'.X. LUKE E. W KIUMT. 
 
QDfftrtal doubruir ErirtratUw uf tljr $Iriinm #l?ip- iflartyru" i!imnm*nt. 
 
 1. Music by 23d Regiment Band, - - T. F. Shannon, Leader. 
 
 Closing with the Star Spangled Banner, All Standing. 
 
 2. Prayer, - Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, D. D. 
 
 3. Poem, - - .- - - - - - Thomas Walsh. 
 
 4. Oration, - - - Hon. William H. Taft. 
 
 5. Presentation of Monument on Behalf of the National 
 
 Government by the the Secretary of War, Hon. Luke E. Wright. 
 
 6. Acceptance on Behalf of the State by the Governor, 
 
 Hon. Charles E. Hughes. 
 
 7. Acceptance on Behalf of the City by the Chairman of 
 
 the Board of Aldermen, - - Hon. Patrick F. McGowan. 
 
 8. Address on Behalf of the Tammany Society or Colum- 
 
 bian Order, - - Hon. Daniel F. Cohalan, Grand Sachem. 
 
 9. Closing P. iver and Benediction, - Rev. John L. Belford, D. D. 
 
 10. Tribute, Sai^c and Taps, Union Prisoners of War, 
 
 New York Association. 
 
(§fftriat ^oulmtir SpiUratum of tljp Priautt g>I]ip Ulartijra' Ulintumrnt. 
 
 HON. CHARLES E. HUGHES, 
 
 Governor of New York. 
 
(©ffirtal &0utmtir Spbiratuitt of tljr $Jnaun S^ip martyrs' iJJmtumettt. 
 
 TLbc parabe 
 
 Major General Charles F. Roe, Grand Marshal. 
 The command will form as follows: 
 
 Brigadier General George Moore Smith commanding; ist Company, 
 Signal Corps ; 22d Regiment Corps of Engineers ; Troops of the 9th, 8th and 
 13th Coast Artillery Districts, Brigadier General David E. Austen, Chief of 
 Coast Artillery, commanding, in the order named, on South Ninth street east 
 of and head of column at Bedford avenue facing west. 
 
 First Battalion, Field Artillery and Field Hospital in the order named, 
 on South Ninth street west of and head of column on Bedford avenue facing 
 east to follow troops of 13th Coast Artillery District. 
 
 Headquarters 2d Brigade, 2d Company Signal Corps, 23d, 14th and 47th 
 Regiments Infantry in the order named, on South Tenth street west of and 
 head of column on Bedford avenue facing east to follow Field Hospital. 
 
 Headquarters ist Brigade, 7th and 69th Regiments Infantry in the order 
 named, on Division avenue west of and right resting on Bedford avenue facing 
 east to follow 47th Regiment; 12th and 71st Regiments Infantry in the order 
 named, on Rush street west of and head of column at Division- avenue facing 
 east to follow 69th Regiment; Naval Militia on Clymer street, east of and 
 head of column at Bedford avenue facing west to follow 71st Regiment. On 
 this formation organizations will close up to three paces between companies 
 in order to accommodate all the troops in the streets indicated. 
 
 Chief of Staff : Lieutenant Colonel George Albert Wingate. 
 
 Aides: Lieutenant Colonel W. W. Ladd, Lieutenant Colonel Clifford 
 Hurry, Lieutenant Colonel N. B. Thurston, Lieutenant Colonel William H. 
 Chapin, Lieutenant Colonel John N. Stearns, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel George 
 W. Bunnell, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel William G. LeBoutillier, Lieutenant 
 Colonel Frederick T. Leigh, Captain Louis M. Greer, Captain Cornelius 
 Vanderbilt. 
 
 The assignment of organization is as follows : Platoon of Mounted Police ; 
 Grand Marshal and Staff ; Squadrons C and A, National Guard, New York, 
 as escort. 
 
 First Division — Detachments of United States Army. Second Division — 
 Detachments of United States Navy. Third Division — National Guard and 
 Naval Militia of the State of New York ; the Old Guard of New York. Fourth 
 Division — Grand Army of the Republic, Grand Marshal James H. McKenna, 
 G. A. R., commanding. Fifth Division — Veteran Associations and Patriotic 
 Societies, Colonel John B. Holland, Marshal Commanding. 
 
 Platoon of Mounted Police. 
 
 Organizations of the Fourth and Fifth Divisions will be assigned to their 
 places in column by the Marshals of these Divisions. 
 
GMtrial §»uubruir Sfcfttattion of tljr Prisum €>ljtu ittartyrs' fHmtumrnt. 
 
 IK >N. PATRICK ]•". MM .< >WAN. 
 
 Chairman Uour<i of Alderman. 
 
©Atrial guntluuttr 5h>inratum »f tlje friamt £>l?ip iMartyra* fMumtutrnt 
 
 continue 
 
 Preparatory to the parade the troops will form : 
 
 Grand Marshal's Escort, on Morton street west of and head of column at 
 Bedford avenue, facing east. 
 
 First Division, on Division avenue east of and head of column at Bedford 
 avenue facing west to follow Grand Marshal's Escort. 
 
 Second Division, on Division avenue in rear of First Division. 
 
 Third Division, on South Ninth and South Tenth streets, Division avenue 
 and Rush street, as directed in orders from Headquarters National Guard. 
 The Old Guard on Clymer street west of and head of column on Bedford 
 avenue facing east to follow naval militia. 
 
 Fourth Division, on Taylor street west of and head of column on Bedford 
 avenue, facing east. 
 
 Fifth Division, on Taylor street east of and head of column on Bedford 
 avenue, facing west. 
 
 Divisions will follow each other in their numerical order. 
 
 The formation of organizations must be completed at 12.45 o'clock P. M. 
 Commanding officers of divisions will report the completion of the formation 
 of their organizations to the Grand Marshal at Bedford and Division avenues 
 not later than 12.55 o'clock P. M. 
 
 Zhc Xttie of flfeavcb 
 
 The column will move at 1.00 o'clock P. M. from Bedford and Division 
 avenues and the line of march will be along Bedford avenue to Lafayette 
 avenue to South Oxford street to DeKalb avenue to Raymond street to 
 Willoughby street to St. Edward's street and thence diagonally across the 
 Plaza. Guide will be right. The Grand Marshal will review the parade from 
 the left as it passes the monument. 
 
 Organizations will proceed along Myrtle avenue north or south as 
 directed, except the First and Second Divisions, which will proceed down 
 North Portland avenue, and will leave the column promptly at the point of 
 dismissal and proceed directly to their armories or quarters and dismiss. 
 
 Commands will successively join the column in rear of the organization 
 designated, passing south along Bedford avenue. Companies will be formed 
 in column of platoons, sixteen files front. Mounted troops twelve files front. 
 Grand Marshal will review the troops at the Plaza at Fort Greene Park, and 
 officers will not salute until within six paces of the reviewing officer, who will 
 be on the left. The cavalry after passing in review will turn out of column 
 and form in column of squadrons in rear of the Grand Marshal and remain 
 until dismissed. 
 
 Squadrons A and C will act as escort to the Grand Marshal; the 1st 
 Company Signal Corps will act as escort to the Brigadier General commanding 
 the National Guard, and the 2d Company Signal Corps will act as escort to the 
 Commanding Officer, 2d Brigade. 
 
 The 1st Battalion, with Artillery from the 3d Battery, will fire a salute of 
 twenty-one guns upon the unveiling of the monument. 
 
©ffirial ^aubrmr SpJiiratum of tl]t Prison S'ljio iHartgrs' fHonumrnt. 
 
 THE NASSAU 
 
 |" Broadway, cor. 
 
 Bedford Ave. 
 
 TRUST COMPANY 1 
 
 BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 and 356-358 
 
 Fulton Street. 
 
 Established 1888 — New York Clearing House connection — 
 Special attention to Trnst Funds — Accommodations for women 
 depositors. New accounts invited. Safe Deposit Vaults, Tra- 
 velers' Cheques. 
 
 William Dick 
 John Truslow 
 Edward T. Horwill 
 
 A. D. Baird 
 Herbert F. Guiinison 
 John V. Jewell 
 F. D. Mollenhauer 
 Henry Roth 
 Andrew T. Sullivan 
 
 Andrew T. Sullivan, President. 
 
 Harry F. Burns, Secretary 
 Vice-Presidents Francis Weekes } 
 C. Woodworth f 
 
 E. B. Tuttle 
 
 Trustees 
 
 N. F. Brady 
 Edward T. Hulst 
 Robert P. Lethbridge 
 Geo. B. Gallagher 
 Charles H. Russell 
 Henry Siebert 
 
 William Dick 
 Edward T. Horwill 
 Jost Moller 
 James H. Post 
 James A. Sperry 
 John Truslow 
 F. W. Wurster 
 
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©ffirial ftmbmir SeMratum of $riaun £t?tp JHartyra' jHotuimrot. 
 
 THOMAS WALSH. 
 
©ffirial ftiitfannr SeJiiratuut af tljp JJrisun &tfip iHarturs' MmwmeKl 
 
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©ffirial Sambruir SJcftiratiuu uf tljr $Iriamt £>bip ifflartiira' fHnmtm?nt. 
 
©Atrial gmubrntr Eviration of tlje prison fHartara' JHomtmimt 
 
 Compliments of 
 
 THE P. J. CARLIN 
 CONSTRUCTION 
 COMPANY 
 
 16 EAST 23d STREET 
 NEW YORK 
 
 Builders of Martyrs Monument 
 
(ffftrial gmubriiir UrMratum nf Iljr prison g»l]ip iHartyra' £Mmuimrtit. 
 
 HON. DANIEL F. COHALAN. 
 
 Grand Sachem of Tammany Society. 
 
©ffirtal ^nubfttir Scim-atum of the $riaim £lu T i HJarttjra' ifflmuunpnt. 
 
 COR. FLATBUSH AND LINDEN AVES. 
 BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 Offers I'nexcelled Facilities 
 for all Banking' and 
 Trnst Business 
 
 SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 
 - 
 
 Eagle Savings ® Loan 
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 Founded 1891 
 186 REMSEN ST., BROOKLYN 
 
 4% — Pass Book — Open Account 
 5% — Remaining One Year 
 
 Both Accounts Earn from Date of Deposit, any 
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 LOANS ONLY ON SECURITY OF FIRST 
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 Capital and Surplus, $2,000,000 
 
 TRUSTEES: 
 KLWIN S. PIPER, President 
 LEWIS H. POUNDS. 1st Vice-President. 
 GEORGE J. JARDIN, 2d Vice-President. 
 JOSEPH WOOD, Secretary and Treasurer. 
 JAMES H. FERGUSON 
 EDWARD M. CHILD 
 NATHANIEL H. LEVI 
 A. FRANK WILSON 
 JAMES E. HURLEY 
 H. MILTON KENNEDY 
 JOHN B. CREIGHTON 
 
 FRED G. ASHLEY, Ass't Secretary. 
 
 ST. JOHNS COLLEGE 
 
 WILLOUGHBY & LEWIS AVENUES 
 
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 Competent and Experienced Professors 
 
 Positions secured for graduates of the commercial 
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 New building's, thoroughly equipped laboratories and 
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 For terms and further information, address the 
 Very Rev. J. W. Moore, CM., President. 
 
(iDffirtal ^nubrutr Iritiratum of tljr prison ffiwctxjta' iRmutmrnt. 
 
 GEN. HORATIO C. KING, 
 
 Chairman Committee of Arrangements. 
 
©ffirial dmibrutr Sroiratinn of tljr Prison S>Mp iHartijra' iHiutumrnt. 
 
 What QLktwnttv ^tnl (Estate &t. pit. 
 
 FIRM ESTABLISHED. 1843. 
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 i >l FICERS 
 
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 HKAYTON IV liS 
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 Branches : Chicago, London. 
 
©ffirial Smulmtir Eeiitratiiiti of tljr Jlrianu S>lfip iBartiira' ittmunurnt. 
 
 HON. S. V. WHITE, 
 
 President Prison-Ship Martyrs' Monument Association. 
 
©Atrial *nuhrntr Srittratuut of tljf $rtsim %>ln\s iRarhirs' iflmuimnit 
 
 ANDREW N. PETERSEN. Pres. 
 
 WILLIAM K. ROSS, Sec'y. 
 
 Wliale Creek Iron W orks 
 
 Calyer & Moultrie Sts., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 FOR MONUMENT MANUFACTURED AND 
 ERECTED BY US 
 
 Montauk Bank, 
 
 FIFTH AVENUE & UNION STREET, 
 BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN. 
 
 Capital, $100,000. Surplus, $50,000. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 Henry M. Randall, President. 
 Guy Loomis, Vice President. Charles J. Lockitt, Cashier. 
 
 DIRECTORS 
 
 Havens B. Boylcs, M. D. 
 Hon. Win. M. Caldcr 
 Michael Furst 
 Wm. H. Gicseler 
 Adolph Heincmann 
 Chas. D. Larkins, Ph. D 
 William Lockhitt 
 
 The Hon. Stephen M. Griswold 
 
 Guy Loomis 
 William L. Newton 
 Henry M. Randall 
 John S. Sciully 
 John S. Sorcnson 
 Henry J. Straukamp 
 Gottlob Wildcrmuth 
 
©ffirtal $aub?mr irhtrattmt nf tlir $)rt turn g»l)t^i martyrs' fWmutmpttt. 
 
 HON. STEPHEN M. GRISWOLD, 
 
 Society of Old Brooklynites. 
 
©ffirial ^oubrntr Sriitratuni of til? ^riamt £>l\i\s iHartyrs' fHmuimrnt. 
 
 BROC R. SHEARS. President WILLIAM S. HURLEY. Vice-President 
 
 A. K. MOORE, Cashier D. L. THOMPSON, Branch Manager 
 
 Borough Bank of Brooklyn 
 
 20 COURT STREET 
 8th Ward Branch, 51st St. and 3d Ave. 
 
 Capital, $200,000.00 Surplus, 124,400.00 
 
 Brooklyn College 
 
 Under the Direction of the Jesuit Fathers 
 
 CROWN HEIGHTS 
 Nostrand Avenue, Carroll and Crown Streets 
 
 Telephone, 855 Bedford 
 
 Grammar, High School and 
 College Departments 
 
 Tin- Grammar Department is a Select School 
 for Boys from the Fifth to the Eighth Grade 
 of the City Schools 
 
 The High School is for Boys who are Gradu- 
 ates from the Grammar Schools 
 
 For Catalogue, etc., address 
 
 Rev. J. F. X. O CONOR, S. J.. 
 
 President 
 
(fDffirtal guutonir Sroiratton of tl?r prison S>htu ifflartyrs* fHnttumrnt. 
 
 JOHN B. CREIGHTON, 
 
 Secretary of Committee. 
 
©ffirtal £>mtlmur if&tratiim of tift Jlriamt &tyV Ufartgra* iHunumrnL 
 
 Granite for Prison 
 Ship Martyrs' 
 Monument Sup- 
 plied and Erected 
 
 = by== 
 
 John Hynes 
 
 Bond and Union Sts. 
 Brooklyn, New YorK 
 
 Telephone 728 Hamilton 
 
GDffirial g>mtbrnir irtitratum nf the #rtsmt fHartyra* iWnnnmrnt. 
 
 Zhc prison Sbtp flfoonument association 
 tfxom its Unauouration to tbe present 
 
 ON January 19th, 1898, at the instance of the Long Island Chapter of the 
 Daughters of the Revolution, and by their invitation, members of the 
 various patriotic societies met at the house of Mrs. H. S. Snow, then 
 president of the chapter, to consider the advisability of forming an association, 
 uniting the separate funds already held by the Long Island Society, Daughters 
 of the Revolution, and that of Fort Greene Chapter, Daughters American 
 Revolution, and working on broader lines likely to secure public appropria- 
 tions. Another meeting was held at the same place February 16th, when it 
 was resolved to form such an association. A temporary chairman, General 
 A. C. Barnes, and a temporary secretary, Mrs. H. C. King, were chosen and 
 were asked to call a special meeting the following month. March 23d many 
 prominent citizens responded and the association was established. The officers 
 elected were : President, Elijah R. Kennedy ; vice-president, Mrs. S. V. White ; 
 treasurer, Felix Campbell; secretary, Mrs. H. C. King; articles of association 
 were proposed and accepted. The first regular meeting of the Prison-Ship 
 Martyrs' Monument Association was held at the house of the secretary May 
 27th, 1898, where nine trustees were elected, viz: Hon. William Berri, Hon. 
 Cornelius N. Bliss, Hon. William B. Davenport, Hon. Henry E. Howland, 
 Hon. Roswell C. Flower, Mrs. Daniel Manning, Mrs. Henry S. Snow, Hon. 
 S. V. White and Hon. Stewart L. Woodford. By-laws were adopted and the 
 first annual meeting of the association was held on the fourth Thursday of 
 March 23d, 1899, at the residence of the secretary. The Spanish War absorbed 
 interest during that year. This being gloriously settled, patriotism was re- 
 kindled and the work for this monument was taken up with renewed zeal. 
 The secretary reported that the two funds already raised for the object, that 
 of the Society of the Daughters of the Revolution, $6,216.29, and that of Fort 
 Greene Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, $3,578.68, had been 
 deposited in the people's Trust Company by the late Hon. Felix Campbell, 
 treasurer. The same officers and trustees were then re-elected. 
 
 In 1900 fresh impetus was given to the work by the finding of many 
 more bones of the prison-ship martyrs at the navy yard while digging the 
 foundation of building No. 33 at the navy yard, near Little street. The secre- 
 tary immediately communicated with Admiral Philip, then commandant of 
 the yard, and requested him to care for the bones and allow the association 
 to have them buried with those of their comrades in the tomb at Fort Greene. 
 Admiral Philip most courteously complied with this request. 
 
 On June 16th, with appropriate ceremonies and military honors, in 
 presence of representatives of other States, with the flag for which they died 
 covering the six caskets containing their remains, they were carried up the 
 aisle on the shoulders of sailors of the United States Navy and placed side by 
 side beneath the pulpit of Plymouth Church. Religious services were con- 
 ducted by the pastor, Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, D. D., and addresses were 
 maJe by Admiral Philip and Naval Secretary Long. At the close the remains 
 were conveyed in hearses to Fort Greene Park, preceded by United States 
 regulars and sailors, the Twenty-third Regiment and Troop C, New York 
 National Guard, and were led by the Marine Band playing hymns and dirges. 
 
©Atrial §>0itbr-uir Spfctratum of ttjp ^riaott S»hip Hartyra' ilattumrnt. 
 
 OTIS 
 ELEVATORS 
 
 Standard of the World 
 
 OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY 
 
 A PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION'S STATEMENT AS TO 
 BUSINESS METHODS AND PUBLIC POLICY. 
 
 The Edison Electric Illuminating Co. of Brooklyn believes and acts upon the theory that any perman- 
 ently satisfactory business must be built upon the basis of mutual advantage, and 
 
 That this mutual ad vantage consists in giving the public the best service possibleat a price consistent 
 with the maintenance of such service and a reasonable profit to stockholders upon their investment. 
 
 The Company's securities represent capital actually invested in the business. 
 
 The Company's rates are so arranged as. with careful and economical administration, and the mainte- 
 nance of a high and even liberal standard of public service, to permit of the payment of a reasonable return 
 on this investment. 
 
 These rates differ in accordance with qualitative consumption as governed by minimum guarantees on 
 the part of the customer, and in accordance with certain broad divisions of application, as being for instance, 
 lower for power energy than for lighting energy, but there are no secret rates and no discrimination as 
 between customers in the matter of rates, all rates being public and the same rate being charged in every 
 case for similar service under similar conditions. 
 
 These facts being as stated this company believes itself entitled to the good will and confidence of 
 the Brooklyn Public, 
 
 EDISON ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY OF BROOKLYN, 
 360 Pearl Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
(©ffirial g>intbrmr Eviration uf tljp prison fHartyra' monument. 
 
 MRS. HORATIO C. KING. 
 
©Atrial *mtbrttir Hrfrratuut of thr Jlruum ^lup ittartyrs' itlmumtrut. 
 
 Tel. 7134 Bedford 
 
 Chandler Piano Co. 
 
 J . J . SHEA 
 
 GENUINE 
 
 (V H PHANni FBI 
 
 222 Livingston Street 
 
 HOME-MADE BREAD 
 
 
 628 DeKalb Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Kranich & Bach 
 
 Ivers & Pond 
 
 Ji Postal brings a wagon to 
 your door 
 
 and n any other Pianos 
 
 BRANCHES 
 
 Jersey City, N. J. 
 Newark, N. J. 
 New York. 
 Staten Island 
 
 Renting, Tuning 
 and Repairing 
 
 The very best workmen employed. 
 
 BEST WISHES OF 
 
 CHAS. B. LAW 
 
 Soapine 
 
 MARESI CO. 
 
 Caterers Confectioners 
 and Ice Cream :: :: 
 
 Title Guarantee ® Trust 
 Company 
 
 Capital and Surplus $12,000,000. 
 
 * 
 
 30 CLINTON STREET, 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 719 6th Ave., New York City. 
 
 176 BROADWAY, Manhattan 
 
 196 Montague St., Brooklyn. 
 350 Fulton St., Jamaica. 
 67 Jackson Ave.. Long Island City. 
 
Official gumbruir ieoiratian of tlje prison g>btu Utartura' ilottuutntt 
 
 The officers and trustees of the society and distinguished guests followed in 
 carriages. The grand marshal was General Horatio C. King. As stated by 
 the Eagle of the day, "Not a single feature of yesterday's ceremony failed to 
 take place as planned." 
 
 At the tomb a most impressive scene was presented. Surrounding the 
 enclosure on all sides were thousands of spectators. The sailors bore the 
 caskets on their shoulders to the door of the tomb and Dr. Hillis read the com- 
 mittal service. After singing "Nearer, My God, to Thee," each casket was 
 reverently placed within. The bugle sounded and the guns boomed a parting 
 salute to the soldiers and sailors of a century ago, whose noble sacrifices were 
 now honored and commemorated. 
 
 In 1901 Hon. S. V. White was elected president of the association, 
 Stephen M. Griswold trustee and Augustus Van Wyck and General H. C. King 
 counsel. 
 
 In 1902 the popular and efficient treasurer, Felix Campbell, died, and 
 Edward Johnson, president of the People's Trust Company, was chosen to fill 
 the vacancy. He served faithfully until his death, in 1906, when Charles A. 
 Boody, his successor in the trust company, took his place. Hon. Elijah R. 
 Kennedy was elected trustee. Strenuous and successful effort was made this 
 year to raise the amount lacking of the $25,000 necessary to make up the 
 $200,000 when the Federal, State and city appropriations might be granted. 
 
 In 1903 General King was appointed sole counsel. It was resolved at a 
 special meeting to incorporate the association, and the incorporation was 
 effected May 4th, 1903, with the following directors : Hon. Cornelius N. Bliss, 
 Hon. William Berri, Mr. Charles T. Barney, Jr., Robert D. Benedict, Hon. 
 William B. Davenport, Hon. S. M. Griswold, General Thomas H. Hubbard, 
 Edward Johnson, General Horatio C. King, Mrs. Horatio C. King, Mr. 
 William G. Low, Hon. Thomas C. Piatt, Mr. Walter S. Logan, Mrs. Anna B. 
 Snow, Hon. Stephen V. White, Mrs. Stephen V. White, General Stewart L. 
 Woodford. 
 
 Efforts were increased to raise more money. Contributions were made 
 through all of the directors until the sum of $26,000 was deposited with the 
 treasurer. 
 
 No history of this association would be complete without special men- 
 tion of the tireless devotion of the late Vice-President Eliza M. C. White, who 
 from the beginning of this movement until her death made it her dearest wish 
 to see the monument completed. She raised personally a great deal of money 
 and in every possible way furthered and helped the object. Her friends rejoice 
 in the accomplishment of the great work to-day, and hope that, although she is 
 absent in body, she views it all with sublime feelings of satisfaction from 
 above. 
 
 During all these years Hon. S. V. White had been indefatigable in push- 
 ing the bill before Congress, the Legislature and the city. He gave his time 
 and money liberally, and had the satisfaction of seeing his efforts crowned with 
 success. The State bill was signed by Theodore Roosevelt as Governor and 
 the Federal bill by him as President. 
 
 Now that the $200,000 was actually available, it was time to consider 
 plans for the monument. Accordingly Mr. White appointed a committee, con- 
 sisting of General Stewart L. Woodford, Hon. Elijah R. Kennedy, Hon. S. V. 
 White, Mr. Robert D. Benedict, Mrs. Horatio C. King. Mr. Benedict was 
 elected chairman and Mrs. King secretary. 
 
 They decided to secure the services of three prominent firms of archi- 
 
©tfirial Swtbrmr Spiiiratimt of the prison &bip fHartgrs' UJunumrnt 
 
 Interested 
 
 In Purity, Quality & Flavor? 
 
 and Chocolates 
 
 Are the only ones to meet your re- 
 quirements. Insist on getting them. 
 
 SOLD EVERYWHERE 
 
 458 FULTON STREET 
 335-337 FULTON STREET 
 492-494 NOSTRAND AVENUE 
 Union Street and 7th Avenue 
 
 BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 UNION BANK 
 
 of Brooklyn 
 
 Main Office, 44 Court Street 
 
 BRANCHES 
 Atlantic 
 
 2495 Atlantic Ave. 
 Hamilton 
 
 79-81 Hamilton Ave. 
 Market 
 
 Flushing & Washington 
 Aves. 
 Merchants 
 
 802-804 Broadway 
 Peoples 
 
 1246 Broadway 
 17th Ward 
 
 894 Manhattan Ave. 
 Stuyvesant 
 
 1572 Fulton St. 
 
 Edward M. Grout, Pres't 
 
 E. J. Stalker, J. T. Ashley, 
 
 Vice-Pres't Cashier 
 
 BUSINESS ACCOUNTS SOLICITED 
 
 WILLIAM M. CALDER 
 BUILDER 
 
 252 WINDSOR PLACE 
 
 TELEPHONE 
 
 1255 south BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
 
 "PATTERSON'S SPECIAL" Best Family Coal 
 
 All Orders Receive the Same Piompt and Careful Attention 
 
 YARDS AND OFFICES 
 Kent Avenue, cor. North 9th St Nostrand Avenue & Quincy St. 
 Morgan Ave. & Johnson Ave. Myrtle Ave. & Bushwick Ave. 
 
 Rodney St. & Kent Ave. Douglass & Nevins Sts. 
 
 TclcplK .lie Coiuici-tiiisj; All Departments, 2310 Greenpoint. 
 
 Scranton ® Lehigh Coal Company 
 
 Tho Y ison, Pres. & Gen. Mgr. BROOKLYN, NEW YORK 
 
(Official 8>0itttpnir Seiiiratum of tljp |Jrtflim S'liip iHartyrs' jUnnumrnt. 
 
 MRS. STEPHEN V. WHITE. 
 
©ffirial $oulirmr Seoicatiqtt of Ujp ^rtsutt l£>Iny ittartyrs' fHmutmrnt. 
 
 STUDIO, 
 164 FIFTH AVENUE 
 
 Bet. 21st and 22d Sts, 
 
 'Phone, 5995 Gramercy. 
 
 The people of Brooklyn 
 are to be congratulated 
 mi the acquisition of 
 "The Prison Ship Mar- 
 tyrs' Monument." 
 
 H. CO. 
 
 83 5 
 
 (SdmplTrnentS of 
 
 HERMAN A. METZ 
 
 ST. FRAWCIS COLLEGE 
 
 Brooklyn's Oldest and Largest Catholic College 
 
 — — Fifty^First Year ■ 
 Begins Second Half Year February, 8, 1909- 
 
 CONDUCTED BY THE FRANCISCAN BROTHERS 
 
 (Under patronage of Right Rev. Charles E. McDonnell. D. D.. Bishop of Brooklyn. ) 
 
 Boarders and Day Scholars 
 
 All Departments Registered by Regents, University, State of New York 
 
 FULL COLLEGIATE COURSE 
 
 Leading to Degrees B. A. and B. S. 
 
 COURSE IN PEDAGOGY 
 
 For Young Men Intending to Teach in New York Public Schools. Approved by the 
 State Board of Education. 
 
 HIGH SCHOOL 
 
 Has Two Departments — Commercial and Classical. A Limited 
 Number of Grammar and Primary Grade Students Received. 
 
 FOR TERMS ADDRESS. PHONE OR CALL AT OFFICE. 11 BUTLES S ["., BROOKLYN. N Y. 
 
 BROTHER VINCENT. O. S. F.. President. 
 
GDffirial &aubtn\v Sriuatum uf tljr $Iruwtt M}i\> Martyrs' iHmummtt. 
 
 tects, viz: McKim, Mead & White, Lord & Hewlett, Mr. Woodruff Leeming 
 and Carriere & Hastings, who submitted designs. A jury of three expert 
 artists were selected — Mr. St. Gaudens, Henry Bacon and Warren Whitney. 
 On February 3d a decision was rendered, and on February 5th the committee 
 met at the house of the secretary, where the jury's award was made known. 
 The committee and directors met at the house of Elijah R. Kennedy on Feb- 
 ruary 8, where the designs were exhibited. That recommended by the jury, 
 that of Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, was formally accepted. The success- 
 ful firm were made the architects in charge of construction of the monument 
 under the direction of the Government and commission of four, the Secretary 
 of War, William H. Taft ; the Governor of New York, Charles E. Hughes ; 
 the Mayor of the city, George B. McClellan, and the president of the associa- 
 tion, S. V. White. This is, in brief, a summary of a year's work of the com- 
 mission ; on plans, of many meetings, extensive correspondence and visits to 
 officials. It would seem that now the money was raised, the design selected, 
 all would go smoothly on and the monument soon be built, but there was still 
 much to be done by the commission, working first under the Government's 
 engineer, Col. McKenzie, and afterward under Col. Marshall. The site had to 
 be surveyed and was graded and changed. Numerous difficulties appeared 
 to prevent a speedy conclusion, but finally, on October 16th, 1907, the corner- 
 stone was laid with impressive ceremonies in the presence of a vast assemblage 
 of patriotic men and women. Governor Hughes made a brilliant address after 
 President White had given a sketch of the work of the past nine years. General 
 Fred D. Grant also spoke, patriotic songs were sung and all eyes were glad- 
 dened to see the beginning of the end of our dreams. The work has progressed 
 under the P. J. Carlin Construction Company, and to-day the stately column 
 rears itself above us to proclaim to the world that republics are not ungrateful, 
 even though sometimes slow to put their deepest sentiments of patriotism into 
 imperishable form. The marvelous bravery with which these men of long ago 
 suffered and died rather than betray their country is now and forever pro- 
 claimed, and so long as time shall last this shaft will be an object lesson to 
 the men and the women and the youth of America. 
 
 Some of those prominent in to-dav*s Celebration. 
 
 GENERAL HORATIO C. KING, LL. D. 
 
 General Horatio C. King, chairman 
 Committee of Arrangements, has been a 
 director and counsel for the Martyrs' 
 Monument Association since its inception. 
 He has been a resident of New York 
 State since 1861 and of Brooklyn since 
 1865, and prominent always in matters 
 affecting the fair fame and progress of his 
 adopted city. He was born in Maine in 
 1837, but went to Washington City in in- 
 fancy and resided there until 1861. He 
 graduated at Dickinson College, of which 
 he is now a trustee; in 1858, studied law 
 with Edwin M. Stanton and was admitted 
 to the New York Bar in 1861. 
 
 In 1862 he was appointed Captain of 
 Volunteers, was promoted to Major and 
 served three years in the Civil War, win- 
 ning the Congressional Medal Honor for 
 conspicuous gallantry in the Battle of 
 Five Forks, Virginia, March, 1865, and the 
 
 brevets of Major, Lieutenant -Colonel and 
 Colonel. At the close of the war he made 
 his permanent home in Brooklyn, where 
 in June, 1866, he married Esther A. How- 
 ard, only surviving daughter of the late 
 John T. Howard, the founder of Plymouth 
 Church, with which General King has 
 been ever since identified, having been its 
 clerk for nearly a decade. He was for 
 eleven years a member of the Board of 
 Education when Brooklyn was a city, and 
 resigned to accept the post of trustee of 
 the State Soldiers' Home. He was Major 
 of the Thirteenth Regiment, Judge Advo- 
 cate of the Fourth Brigade (General Mol- 
 ineux commanding), and Judge Advocate 
 General on the staff of Governor Cleve- 
 land. The degree of Doctor of Laws was 
 conferred ppon him by Allegheny College. 
 As lawyer, orator, author, poet and com- 
 poser, General King has a national repu- 
 tation, and few men in Brooklyn have a 
 wider circle of friends and acquaintances. 
 
©Atrial &aub?mr UrMratum nf tljr- $nsim §>h;ip fSartyra' fflmutmrnt. 
 
 HON. LUKE E. WRIGHT. 
 Hon. Luke E. Wright. Secretary of War, 
 is a native of Tennessee, and was born 
 in the year 1846. He is a member of the 
 Memphis Bar. He was active in relief 
 measures during the yellow-fever scourge 
 of 1878. In 1903 Hamilton College con- 
 ferred upon him the degree of LL. D., 
 and the same degree was conferred upon 
 him by the University of Mississippi in 
 1905. 
 
 On March 16. 1900. he was appointed a 
 member of the Philippine Commission, of 
 which Commission he was president dur- 
 ing 1903 and 1904. He was appointed 
 Civil Governor of the Philippines in 1904, 
 and was later appointed Governor Gen- 
 eral, which office he occupied until 1906. 
 During 1906 and 1907 he was the Amer- 
 ican Ambassador to Japan. He succeeded 
 Judge Taft as Secretary of War on July 
 1, 1908. 
 
 While serving as a member of the 
 Philippine Commission, he was appointed 
 Secretary of the Executive Department of 
 Commerce and Police upon the organiza- 
 tion of that department, September 1. 
 1901. As an incident to the illness of 
 Governor Taft, the office of Vice-Governor 
 of the Philippines was created on Octo- 
 ber 29, 1901, and Secretary Wright was 
 appointed to fill the same. 
 
 Among the most important bills which 
 were prepared by Secretary Wright and 
 enacted into laws by the Philippine Com- 
 mission, were the Criminal or Penal Code, 
 the bill for the Organization of the Con- 
 stabulary to replace the army in many 
 small garrisons, the bill organizing the 
 police force of Manila, and that for the 
 improvement of its harbor. 
 
 ESTHER HOWARD KING. 
 
 Esther Howard King, secretary of the 
 Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument Associa- 
 tion, wife of General Horatio C. King 
 and first and only secretary of the asso- 
 ciation, was born in Brooklyn and has 
 always lived here. Her parents were Mr. 
 and Mrs. John Tasker Howard, early resi- 
 dents when Brooklyn was a village. 
 
 Mrs. King began her work for this 
 monument in 1895 when, as Regent of 
 the Long Island Chapter of the Daugh- 
 ters of the Revolution, she brought the 
 subject to the attention of the chapter, 
 and a.sked the members to make it their 
 special work. She appointed Mrs. S. V. 
 White, chairman of the committee. A 
 large sum was raised within a year. Soon 
 after Mrs. White organized the Fort 
 Greene Chapter of the Daughters of the 
 American Revolution and continued to 
 work zealously in that organization. 
 
 In March, 1898, the Prison Ship Mar- 
 tyrs' Monument Association was formed, 
 the Daughters of the Revolution taking 
 the initiative. This society and all patri- 
 otic citizens were invited to become mem- 
 bers. The two funds were united and 
 additional subset ipt ions were secured un- 
 til the sum reached about $27,000 
 
 In the early years much hard work was 
 necessary, and many disappointments 
 came to the members of the association, 
 but never discouraged, they kept on until 
 the glorious end was attained, the rescu- 
 ing the memory of these patriots who 
 were faithful unto death from the shame- 
 ful neglect of more than a century. To- 
 day all discouragements are forgotten in 
 the joy of seeing the glad fruition of their 
 hopes, the dedication of the great monu- 
 ment to the Prison Ship Martyrs. 
 
 EX-SENATOR STEPHEN M. GRISWOLD. 
 
 Stephen M. Griswold was born in Wind- 
 sor, Connecticut, November 21, 1835, his 
 father being a farmer of modest means. 
 At the age of 16 he came to Brooklyn 
 and secured a position in the grocery store 
 of Young & Williams, at the foot of At- 
 lantic avenue. His position there was 
 that of a clerk, and for remuneration he 
 received only his board and clothing. 
 Afterwards he became an office boy in 
 the store of an English cutlery firm on 
 Gold street, Manhattan. Two years later, 
 when he was 19 years old, he took a posi- 
 tion as bookkeeper in a jewelry house, 
 and has been to the present day con- 
 nected with the jewelry business. In 1857 
 he started in business for himself at 177 
 Broadway. His establishment is now lo- 
 cated at 65 Nassau street. He cast his 
 first vote for John C. Fremont in 1856 and 
 has ever since been active in the Repub- 
 lican party. During the Civil War he 
 was president of an organization which 
 held twenty great meetings in the Acad- 
 emy of Music. At the close of the war he 
 went with Beecher to Fort Sumter and 
 assisted in raising the old flag. He has 
 since been active in many public move- 
 ments, and has spent six years in public 
 life as a member of the Board of Alder- 
 men and in the Senate. His connection 
 with the world of finance began with the 
 organization of the Union Bank in 1892. 
 He was one of the organizers and was 
 made its president. He served for two 
 years as vice-president of the New York 
 State Bankers' Association and was elect- 
 ed to the presidency for the year 1903. 
 Mr. Griswold traveled extensively, having 
 visited Europe, Egypt, Palestine, Asia 
 Minor and Turkey. He was with Mark 
 Twain on the Quaker City excursion, join- 
 ing the party in Italy and leaving it in 
 Egypt. He visited the Czar of Russia and 
 his palace by special invitation. He also 
 visited the Grand Duke Michael. He was 
 entertained by both of them for two days, 
 simply because he wes an American. The 
 Czar and Czarina stated at the time that 
 they desired to be on friendly terms with 
 America and hope that America would re- 
 ciprocate the friendship of their people. 
 
 Mr. Griswold is a member of the Mon- 
 tauk Society and an active member of the 
 Old BrooMynites. He is one of the trus- 
 tees of the Prison Ship Martyrs' Associa- 
 tion and a member of the Executive Com- 
 mi'tee of the Beecher Memorial Fund. 
 
THE PEOPLES 
 
 Trust Company 
 
 ORGANIZED 1889 
 
 181-183 Montague Street 
 
 BRANCHES AT 
 BEDFORD AVE., Corner Halsey Street 
 CLINTON AVE., Corner Myrtle Avenue 
 
 OFFICERS: 
 
 CHARLES K. DOODY President 
 
 I. G. DETTMER First Vice-President 
 
 H. J. MORSE Second Vice-President 
 
 CHARLES L. SCHENCK Secretary 
 
 H. M. HEATH Ass't Secretary 
 
 W. A. FISCHER Ass't Secretary 
 
 J. FRANK BIRDSELL Ass't Secretary 
 
 CLARENCE I- McGOWAN Ass't Secretary 
 
 Allows Interest on Deposits. 
 
 Serves as Executor, Trustee, Guardian and 
 in all other fiduciary capacities authorized by 
 law. 
 
 Sate Deposit Vaults ot latest construction. 
 Safes at $5.00 and upward per year. 
 
 Organized 1883 
 
 Long Island Loan 
 and Trust Company 
 
 "TEMPLE BAR " 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 
 Old Accounts Appreciated 
 
 New Acounts Invited 
 All Accounts Fairly Treated 
 
 Capital. Surplus and Profits 
 $2,800,000 
 
 OFFICERS : 
 
 EDWARD MERRITT, President. 
 Clinton L. Rossiter, 1st Vice-President. 
 David G. Leggett, 2d Vice-President. 
 Frederick T. Aldridge, Secretary. 
 
 Willard P. Schenck, Ass't Secretary. 
 
 Robert B. Reilly 
 Company 
 
 Tea Importers and Coffee Roasters 
 
 Wholesale and Retail 
 
 38 WHITEHALL STREET 
 CITY 
 
 The old headquarters, and the only 
 place where you can get the 
 original goods. 
 
 OTHER STORES BEARING THIS NAME 
 ARE TRYING TO IMITATE US BY OFFER- 
 ING INFERIOR GOODS AT 25 AND 35 
 CENTS A POUND. COMPARE THEIR 
 GOODS WITH OURS TO BE CONVINCED. 
 
 HIGH-GRADE. TEA 25c. 
 
 UNDER THE PERSONAL MANAGEMENT 
 OF MRS. R. B. REILLY. 
 
 NO CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER 
 STORE BEARING THE NAME OF REILLY. 
 
 "CHILDREN TEETHING." 
 MRS. WINSLOW'S 
 
 SOOTHING SYRUP 
 
 SHOULD ALWAYS BE USED 
 
 FOR CHILDREN TEETHING 
 
 It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays | 
 , all pain, cures wind colic and is the best 
 remedy for diarrhoea. 
 
 Twenly-five Cents a Botlle. 
 There is Nothing so Soothing as a Mother's Kiss 
 EXCEPT 
 
 % Mrs, Winslow's Soothing Syrup 
 
 Millions of Mothers will tell you 
 It soothes the Child. It Softens the Gums. 
 It Cures Wind Colic. It Allays All Pain. 
 It is the Best Remedy for Diarrhoea. 
 
 It is Absolutely Harmless and for sixty years 
 has proved the Best Remedy for 
 Children Teethine. 
 
 Be sure you ask for 
 
 Mrs. VVinslow's Soothing Syr:; 
 
 AND TAKE NO OTHER. 
 
 Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, j 
 June 30th, 1906. Serial Number 109S. 
 
History Writes Unrelentingly the Story of Yesterday. 
 
 HENRY W. B. HOWARD, assisted by Arthur N. Jervis, say 
 in the "History of the City of Brooklyn," compiled from the 
 records of 1775, ''The prison ships " as a "living grave," 
 "floating hells"; that fully 5000 people are said to have been im- 
 murred toward the end of 1776 in the "Jersey " and other prison ships. 
 This is the language of the editors: " Of all the grewsome tales that 
 wars have contributed to the world's 
 1 chamber of horrors ' there is none 
 more terrible than that of the prison 
 ships." These horrors were prac- 
 tised within sight of Fulton Street 
 and Gallatin Place, where our store 
 now stands. 
 
 But a better day belongs to this 
 generation. The monument stands 
 in marble, not to commemorate the 
 norror o f the " prison ships," but to ever tell of devotion to principle. 
 
 Devotion to the principles of liberty is as important to the people 
 who live in peace and prosperity under the sheltering folds of the stars 
 and stripes as to the martyrs who through suffering created the flag. 
 
 The peace of commer- 
 cialism has welded the 
 world a unit. To do our 
 part in reciprocity to the 
 world is a duty as it is a 
 pleasure. 
 
 Through commission- 
 er in every part of the 
 globe, this we do. The 
 line of measurement does 
 not begin from the Prison 
 Ship Monument at Port 
 Greene, but from the Eternal Circle of Good Will which is without 
 beginning or end. 
 
 A. D. MATTHEWS' SONS.