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Code of Ordinances 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 ADOPTED BY THE BO ART) OF ALDERMEN 
 OCTOBER 30, 1906, ANT> AT PROW ED 
 BY THE MAYOR NOVEMBER 8, 1906 
 
 VITH AMENDMENTS FROM JAN. 1, 1906 to JAN. r, 1908 
 
 THE CHIEF PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 45 CENTRE STREET 
 NEW YORK CITY 
 
Copyrighted 1908, by 
 The Chief Publishing Compan 
 
CODE OF ORDINANCES 
 OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 APPOVED BY THE MAYOR, NOVEMBER 8, 1906 
 
 AN ORDINANCE adopting the Code of Ordinances of The Citv of New 
 York. 
 
 Be it Ordained by the Board of Aldermen of The City of New York, 
 as follows : 
 
 That all ordinances of The City of New York which were in force on 
 January 1, 1906. be and they hereby are repealed. 
 
 Be it further Ordained, That the ordinances of The City of New 
 York, excluding those ordinances designated as obsolete, which are here- 
 with presented in the report of Committee on Codification of Ordi- 
 nances of the Board of Aldermen of The City of New York, as the exist- 
 ing ordinances of said City up to the date of January 1, 1906, and all ordi- 
 nances recommended in said Committee's report for re-enactment, with 
 the corrections therein designated* be and they hereby are adopted and 
 enacted as ordinances of The City of New York. 
 
 Be it further Ordained, That this ordinance shall not be construed to 
 affect or impair any right, interest, privilege or power which has accrued 
 or been conferred heretofore, or any penalty, obligation, liability, forfeiture 
 or assessment heretofore incurred, or an}- action or proceeding now pend- 
 ing; and any right interest or privilege, which by the terms of any ordi- 
 nance in force at the time of the adoption of this ordinance continues 
 during the pleasure of the Board of Aldermen, shall not be hereby termi- 
 nated. Nor shall any ordinance or resolution creating an existing com- 
 mission be hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, Nov. 8, 1906. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 GENERAL ORDINANCES AND ORDINANCES OF A GEN- 
 ERAL CHARACTER. 
 
 CHAPTER T— THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT; 
 Article 1 — The Mayor. 
 
 Section t. The Mayor may. whenever he shall deem it necessary, 
 issue his proclamation for the apprehension of any person who may have 
 
4 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 committed a crime within The City of New York, and ma}-, in such 
 proclamation, offer a reward not exceeding five hundred dollars, to be 
 paid out of the City Treasury upon the certificate of the Mayor that the 
 service required has been performed. 
 
 Article 2— The City Clerk. 
 
 Sec. 2. The seal heretofore in use as the corporate seal of the cor- 
 poration known as the Mayor. Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of 
 New York, and in the custody of the Clerk of the Board of Aldermen of 
 said City, shall be the seal of The City of New Y r ork, to be kept and used 
 by the City Clerk of said City, as provided by law. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 Article 1 — The Board of Aldermen. 
 
 S c. 3. A Committee of the Board of Aldermen, in reporting upon 
 a subject referred to them, must attach to their report all resolutions, 
 petitions, remonstrances and other papers in their possession relative to 
 the matters referred. 
 
 Article 2 — The Clerk of the Board of Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. 4. The Clerk of the Board of Aldermen shall issue notices to 
 the members of said Board, when directed by that Board, and to the 
 members of the different Committees of Chat Board, and all persons whose 
 attendance will be required before any such Committee, when directed 
 by the Chairman thereof. 
 
 Sec. 5. He shall, without delay, deliver to all officers of the. Corpora- 
 tion, and to all Committees of the Board of Aldermen, all resolutions and 
 communications referred to those officers or Committees by that Board. 
 
 Sec. 6. He shall, without delay, deliver to the Mayor all ordinances 
 and resolutions under his charge which arc required by law to be ap- 
 proved by the Mayor, with all papers on which the same were founded. 
 The Clerk shall not deliver to the Mayor any resolution which is a request 
 addressed to the Governor, Legislature or any other body, or to any head 
 of a department or other federal, State or municipal officer for action on 
 the request of the Board of Aldermen, but he shall, without delay, deliver 
 a copy of such resolutions to the official or Board of whom the request is 
 made by the Board of Aldermen. No resolution which refuses the prayer 
 of anv petition shall be delivered to the Mayor, but all such resolutions 
 shall be filed. 
 
 Sec. 7. He shall on the day succeeding the approval by the Mayor of 
 any ordinance or resolution, or on the day succeeding its return by the 
 Mayor without approval or objection, deliver to the head of the appro- 
 priate department a certified copy of the same. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— THE LAW DEPARTMENT. 
 Article i — The Corporation Counsel. 
 
 Sec. 8. The Corporation Counsel shall draw such ordinances as may- 
 be required of him by the Board of Aldermen, or by any Committee 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. 9. He shall, when required by the Board of Aldermen, prepare 
 the draft of any bill to be presentd to the Corporation of the City to the 
 Legislature for passage, with a proper memorial for the passage thereof. 
 
 Sec. 10. He shall draw the leases, deeds and other papers connected 
 with the Finance Department, and all contracts for any of the other 
 Departments of the Corporation, when so required by the head of the 
 department. 
 
 Sec. 11. When he shall recover a debt due to the Corporation which 
 may have been placed in his hands for collection, he shall forthwith ren- 
 der an account thereof, under oath, to the Comptroller, stating the nature 
 of the debt, the person against whom it was recovered, and the amount 
 and time of the recovery, and shall immediately thereupon pay over the 
 amount so received to the Chamberlain. He shall also thereupon receive 
 from the Chamberlain a voucher for the payment thereof, which lie shall 
 forthwith, on the same day, exhibit to the Comptroller, and shall at the 
 same time leave with him a copy thereof. 
 
 Sec. 12. He shall keep in proper books to be provided for that pur- 
 pose a register of all actions prosecuted or defended by him, and all pro- 
 ceedings had therein. 
 
 Sec. 13. Upon the expiration of his term of office, or his resignation 
 thereof, or removal therefrom, the Corporation Counsel shall forthwith, 
 on demand, deliver to his successor in office all deeds leases, contracts, and 
 other papers in his hands belonging to the Corporation, or delivered to 
 him by the Corporation or any of its officers, and all papers in actions 
 prosecuted or defended by him, then pending and undetermined, together 
 with its register thereof, and of the proceedings therein, and a written con- 
 sent of substitution of his successor, in all such actions then pen<!ring and 
 undetermined. 
 
 Article 2 — The Public Administrator. 
 
 Sec. 14. The Public Administrator shall furnish the Comptroller with 
 copies of all letters of administration which shall be granted to him within 
 three days after the granting thereof. 
 
 Sec. 15. He shall, on the twentieth day of December, in each year, 
 report to the Board of Aldermen titles of all actions prosecuted by or 
 against him, and then pending and undetermined, with such other inform- 
 .ation in respect thereto as he may deem necessary or proper. 
 
 Sec. 16. He shall report to the Comptroller, on the first Thursday of 
 
6 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 i 
 
 each month, and oftener if required, li-f amount of money received by 
 him since his last return on account of any estate upon which he has 
 administered. 
 
 Sec. 17. He shall at the same time report to the Board of Alder- 
 men a transcript of such of his accounts as have been closed or finally 
 settled, and of those on which any money has been received by him 
 as part of the proceeds of any estates on which he has administered; 
 he shall deposit all moneys by him collected and received, as required * 
 by law, in such bank as the Corporation Counsel shall select from 
 the designated depositories of the city's moneys. 
 
 Sec. 18. He shall, whenever required, exhibit to the Comptroller the 
 bank book showing his deposits, and all other vouchers and documents 
 relating to his office. 
 
 Sec. 19. The Comptroller, before signing any check for money de- 
 posited, shall examine the bank book showing the deposits, and the 
 vouchers on which the check is required to be drawn, and shall satisfy 
 himself fully as to the correctness thereof, and, in case of doubt or diffi- 
 culty, he shall report the case to the.^Board of Aldermen for their 
 direction. 
 
 Sec. 20. The Comptroller may distribute and pay any balance of an 
 intestate's estate remaining in the City Treasury to the persons legally . I 
 
 entitled thereto, whenever he and the Public Administrator shall be satis- 
 fied that the person claiming the same is legally entitled thereto; but, if 
 they be not satisfied thereof, they shall report the case to the Board of 
 Aldermen for their direction. 
 
 CHAPTER 4— THE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE. 
 Article 1 — The Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 21. The Comptroller shall superintend all the real estate of the 
 Corporation and report to the Board of Aldermen all encroachments 
 thereon. 
 
 Sec. 22. He shall keep and file in his office all title deeds, leases, 
 bonds, mortgages or other assurances of title, and all evidences of debts, 
 contracts/bonds of indemnity, official bonds and all certificates of stocks 
 belonging to the Sinking Fund, except such as are directed by law or ordi- 
 nance to be deposited elsewhere. 
 
 Sec. 23. He shall cause all grants, leases and counterparts of leases 
 or deeds executed by the Corporation to be recorded in proper books to 
 be kept in his office. 
 
 Sec. 24. He shall cause a proper map or survey of all lands or 
 premises ceded, granted, conveyed or leased to the Corporation to be an- 
 nexed to the cession, grant, deed or lease thereof, and to be therein re- 
 ferred to before execution or acceptance thereof. He shall direct and 
 superintend the collection of all rents or other moneys due to the Corpo- 
 ration. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 7 
 
 Sec. 25. He shall report to the Board of Aldermen within thirty days 
 after their organization in each year a statement of all contracts made by 
 the Corporation or directed or authorized by the Board of Aldermen and 
 not performed or completed or upon which any moneys remain unpaid, 
 with the amount of money so remaining unpaid on each. 
 
 Sec. 26. He shall direct legal proceedings to be taken when necessary 
 to enforce payments of rents or other debts due to the Corporation, or to 
 obtain possession of premises to which the Corporation is entitled. 
 
 Sec. 27. He shall, as often as the state of the Sinking Fund shall 
 render it necessary, advertise and sell at auction or private sale, as in his 
 judgment may be most expedient, the water lot quit-rents belonging to 
 the Corporation in such parcels and on such terms as the Board of Alder- 
 men or the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund may prescribe, 
 and cause proper conveyances to be executed to the purchasers, the avails 
 of which shall be deposited in the treasury to the credit of the Sinking 
 Fund. 
 
 Sec. 28. He may consent, in the name and on behalf of the Corpo- 
 ration, that the lessee or assignee of a lease made by the Corporation may 
 assign or underlet the demised premises, whether or not provision 
 is made by the lease that it shall not be assigned or underlet without the 
 consent of the Corporation ; but he shall not so consent unless all arrears 
 of rents and all taxes and assessments upon the premises be paid in full. 
 
 Sec. 29. When several lots or parcels of land belonging to different 
 persons are assessed for taxes in one parcel, the Comptroller may make 
 the proper apportionment of the tax among the different owners. 
 
 Sec. 30. The Comptroller shall preserve, in a book to be kept in his 
 office for that purpose, to be called the record of quit-rents, maps of all 
 grants of land now or hereafter made by the Corporation, on which quit- 
 rents are payable, showing the original grants and the subdivisions of the 
 same as near as they can be ascertained. 
 
 Sec. 31. He shall enter in the record of quit-rents immediately fol- 
 lowing each map the names of the owners of the different lots described 
 thereon, with the portion of the quit-rent to which each is subject; and he 
 may receive the sums proportionally due from each owner in payment of 
 his portion of the moneys payable under the original grant, as "the same 
 shall from time to time become payable. 
 
 Sec. 32. He shall cause to be inserted, in all grants of land subject 
 to a quit-rent, a covenant requiring the grantee or his legal representa- 
 tives, when he or they shall sell the whole or a portion of the land granted, 
 to give to the Comptroller a written notice of the sale within thirty days 
 after it is made, specifying therein the name of the purchaser, the quantity 
 and location of the land sold, the amount of quit-rent to be paid thereon, 
 and the day of the sale. 
 
8 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 33. He shall, on receiving written notice irom the grantee of the 
 Corporation, or his assignee, of the sale of any portion of land subject to 
 quit-rent, enter in the record of quit-rents the name of the purchaser, with 
 the date of the sale and the portion of the land sold ; and he may there- 
 after receive the sum proportionahly due from such purchaser, in payment 
 of his portion of the moneys payable under the original grant, as the same 
 shall, from time to time, become payable. 
 
 Sec. 34. Upon receiving the notice mentioned in the last section the 
 Comptroller shall enter the same in the record of quit-rents, and from 
 that time he may receive from the owner of the lot or parcel mentioned in 
 the notice, or his legal representatives, the sum pronortionably due from 
 him in payment of his proportion of the moneys payable under the original 
 grant. 
 
 See. 35. When land heretofore granted by the Corporation, subject 
 to a quit -rent, portions of which have been assigned by the grantee, shall 
 be re-entered by the Corporation for non-payment of the quit-rent, the 
 Comptroller may grant leases in severalty to such of the assignees of por- 
 tions of the land granted as shall, within six months from the re-entry, 
 pay their respective apportionments of commutation money, and the 
 expenses of re-entry and conveyance, with such portions of the rent as 
 may be justly due from the respective assignees for the land held by 
 them, and which shall be apportioned by the Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 36. The releases and apportionments mentioned in the last sec- 
 tion shall not, however, be granted or made, unless the assignee requiring 
 the same, or his legal representatives, shall comply with the terms and 
 conditions prescribed in that section within thirty days after notice from 
 the Comptroller requiring such compliance. 
 
 Sec. 37. The Comptroller may, from time to time, borrow on the 
 credit of the Corporation, in anticipation of its revenues, such sum of 
 sums, not exceeding in the whole the amount of such revenues as may be 
 necessary to meet expenditures under appropriations for the current year. 
 
 Sec. 38. Every loan to be effected, as authorized by the last section, 
 shall be secured by the bonds of the Corporation, payable in not exceeding 
 one year, in such sums as the Comptroller may deem proper, which shall 
 be signed by the Comptroller, countersigned by the Mayor and sealed with 
 the common seal. 
 
 Sec. 39. No payment shall be made by the Comptroller for work 
 done or supplies furnished except upon proper vouchers rendered by the 
 head of the appropriate Department, or other proper officer, Board or 
 Commission, for whom such work was done or supplies furnished. Such 
 vouchers shall be made out in duplicate, and shall contain the certificates 
 of such subordinate officers as the head of the Department may require, 
 and of such form and purport as he shall prescribe, and also a certificate 
 of the head of the Department. One of the duplicate vouchers shall be 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 .9 
 
 retained in the Department or office by which the vouchers are rendered, 
 and the other shall be transmitted to the Department of Finance for pay- 
 ment. A receipt for the amount paid shall be taken by the Comptroller. 
 
 Article 2 — The Disposition of Real Estate. 
 
 Sec. 40. It shall be the duty of the Comptroller to take charge of all 
 the real estate belonging to the Corporation, and to prevent all encroach- 
 ments thereon. 
 
 Sec. 41, It shall be the duty of said Comptroller to superintend the 
 collection of all rents, interest and demands due the Sinking Fund, and 
 to take all necessary measures to compel the payment of them and report 
 the condition of the same to the Board of Aldermen quarterly. 
 
 Sec. 42. It shall be the duty of said Comptroller, under the sanction 
 of the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, to appoint appraisers 
 on behalf of the Corporation to settle the rent on renewal of any leases, 
 or the value of the building, to be paid for on the expiration of any lease, 
 in which the Corporation is or shall be interested, whenever, by the pro- 
 visions of such lease, the appointment of such appraisers is required. 
 
 Sec. 43. The said Comptroller is hereby authorized, with the sanction 
 of the Board of Commissioners, to assign any bond or mortgage held by 
 the said Board to any person or persons who may elect to take such as- 
 signment, upon the payment in full of the principal and interest due on 
 said bond and mortgage ; and the Mayor and City Clerk are hereby au- 
 thorized and directed to execute, under their hands and seal of the City, 
 any such assignment, upon evidence being exhibited to them, showing that 
 the principal and interest of such bond and mortgage have been paid into 
 the Treasury of said City to the credit of the Board of Commissioners of 
 the Sinking Fund. 
 
 Sec. 44. Upon the payment of any bond and mortgage in full, it shall 
 be the duty of the said Comptroller to prepare and cause to be executed a 
 proper satisfaction of such bond and mortgage; and the said Mayor and 
 Clerk of the Board of Aldermen are hereby authorized to execute the 
 same, upon the production of evidence that the same has been paid, as 
 provided in the preceding section of this article. But no release of any 
 part of the premises contained in such mortgage from the lien created by 
 such mortgage thereon shall be made or executed by them. 
 
 Sec. 45. Whenever any person or persons may desire to commute 
 any quit-rent due the Corporation, it shall be the duty of the said Comp- 
 troller to calculate such commutation at the rate of six per cent. ; and upon 
 the production of evidence that the same and all arrears of rent have been 
 paid into the Treasury of said City to the credit of the Commissioners of 
 the Sinking Fund, it shall be the duty of the Mayor and Clerk to execute 
 a release of such quit-rent. 
 
 Sec. 46. Whenever any property belonging to the Corporation is 
 unproductive, or the term for which it may have been leased or let shall 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 have expired or be about expiring, it shall be the duty of the said Comp- 
 troller to report the same to the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking 
 Fund, and if. in his judgment, it will be beneficial to the public interest to 
 lease property belonging to the Corporation, it shall be his duty to commu- 
 nicate the same, with his reasons therefor, to the Board of Commission- 
 ers of the Sinking Fund, and if they concur with him, they arc hereby 
 authorized and empowered to lease the same in such manner as they may 
 deem most fit for the interest of the City, conforming in the leasing to 
 the provisions of the Greater Xew York Charter, and upon the production 
 of a certificate, signed by a majority of said Commissioners, of whom the 
 Comptroller shall be one, it shall be the duty of the said Mayor and City 
 Clerk to execute such leases under their hands and seal of the City. 
 
 Sec. 47. In all cases of grants hereafter to be made of land under 
 water on the shores of the island of Xew York, or on the shores of Long 
 Island and within the limits of the various charters" of The City of New 
 York, or within the limits of the former municipalities now constituting 
 The City of New York, and in all cases of extensions of grants previously 
 made, it shall be the duty of the Comptroller and the President of the 
 Borough in which such grant or extension is to be made, to report to.the 
 Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund what sum of money shall, 
 in their judgment, be charged as consideration for such grant: and if the 
 said Board, or a majority of their number, shall agree to the terms re- 
 ported by the said Comptroller and Borough President, then the said 
 Comptroller shall be and is hereby authorized to cause such grants to be 
 issued to the parties who may be legally entitled to the same. 
 
 Sec. 48. The preceding section shall not apply to grants to be made 
 on the North or Hudson river, between West Eleventh and Thirtieth 
 streets, Borough of Manhattan, so far as the consideration money is con- 
 cerned ; but the rates to be charged for grants between said West Elev- 
 enth and Thirtieth streets shall be as follows: 
 
 For each running foot along the exterior lines of the present grants 
 (excluding the width of streets) and along the westerly line of the Elev- 
 enth avenue (excluding the width of streets), when not granted, viz.: 
 
 For grants between West Eleventh and Bank streets $20 00 
 
 For grants between Bank and Bethune streets 19 00 
 
 For grants between Bethune and West Twelfth streets 18 00 
 
 For grants between West Twelfth and Jane streets 17 00 
 
 For grants between Jane and Horatio streets 16 00 
 
 For grants between Horatio and Gansevoort streets 15 00 
 
 For grants between Gansevoort and Twelfth streets 14 00 
 
 For grants between Twelfth street and the centre of the block be- 
 tween Thirteenth and Fourteenth streets 13 00 
 
 For grants between Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Nineteenth streets. 10 00 
 For grants between Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth streets 12 OO 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 For grants between Twenty-fourth and Thirtieth streets, west of 
 
 the Eleventh avenue 10 oo 
 
 Sec. 49. Xo grant shall be made by virtue of these ordinances except 
 for a specitic consideration to be paid in cash, or in five annual install- 
 ments secured by bond and mortgage on the premises granted, with annual 
 interest at the rate of six per cent, per annum ; the first installment to be 
 paid on the issuing of the grants. 
 
 Sec. 50. All grants made by virtue of these ordinances shall contain 
 the usual covenants, including those in relation to streets or avenues pass- 
 ing through them, and also in relation to bulkheads and wharfage. 
 
 Sec. 51. Xo grant made by virtue of this article shall authorize the 
 grantee to construct bulkheads or piers or make land in conformity 
 thereto, without permission so to do is first had and obtained from the 
 Department of Docks ; and the grantees shall be bound to make land, 
 piers or bulkheads at such time and in such manner as the Department of 
 Docks shall direct under penalty of forfeiture of such grant for non-com- 
 pliance with such directions of the said Department. 
 
 Sec. 52. X'othing contained in the two next preceding sections shall 
 be construed as applying to water grants to be made on the shores of Long 
 Island. 
 
 Article 3 — The Sinking Fund of The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 53. All moneys heretofore received and hereafter to be received 
 from the following sources are hereby pledged and appropriated to and 
 constitute and form a fund called the Sinking- Fund of The City of New- 
 York for the Redemption of the City Debt, until the whole of the stocks 
 of The City 'of Xew York shall be finally and fully redeemed, namely : 
 
 1. For commutation of quit-rents on grants. 
 
 2. For quit-rents arising from such grants as were issued prior to 
 the year one thousand eight hundred and four. 
 
 3. The net proceeds of all sales of real estate belonging to the Cor- 
 poration when sold. 
 
 4. The net proceeds of all bonds and mortgages payable to the Cor- 
 poration when collected. 
 
 5. For licenses to pawnbrokers and dealers in the purchase or sale 
 of second-hand furniture, metals or clothes. 
 
 6. For hackney-coach licenses and street vaults. 
 
 7. For exclusive occupation of private wharves, basins and piers. 
 
 8. For market fees and market rents. 
 
 9. The proceeds of all bonds and mortgages which may have or shall 
 become the property of the Corporation, in pursuance of the ordinance 
 creating the Fire Loan Stock of The City of Xew York. 
 
 10. The buildings included in the establishment called the Almshouse, 
 at Bellevue. together with the lots of land and water rights attached 
 thereto when sold, and the rents when leased. 
 
12 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 it. Such portions thereof of the annual taxes levied in The City and 
 County of New York as may be collected for the redemption of the 
 Floating Debt Stock of The City of New York and the Fre Indemnity 
 Stock of The City of New York. 
 
 12. All such other sources of revenue or sums of money as the said 
 Corporation shall hereafter think proper to appropriate to said fund. 
 
 Sec. 54. All moneys hereafter to be received from the following 
 sources are pledged, appropriated and are to be applied to and constitute 
 and form a fund to be called the Sinking Fund of The City of New York 
 for the Payment of Interest Accruing and to Accrue Upon the Stocks 
 of The City of New York until the same shall be fully and finally re- 
 deemed, namely: 
 
 t. For interest on all bonds and mortgages owned by the Corpo- 
 ration. 
 
 2. For commutation of alien passengers. 
 
 3. For mayoralty fees. 
 
 4. For fines and penalties. 
 
 5. For fees and fines, collected by the clerks of the courts, for the 
 Corporation. 
 
 6. For rents from all sources not already pledged. 
 
 7. For tavern and excise licenses. 
 
 8. For sales of all property of the Corporation other than real estate. 
 
 9. Such portion of the annual taxes levied in the water district of 
 The City of New York as may be collected to supply the deficiency of 
 interest accruing on the water stocks of The City of New York. 
 
 10. Nothing in this chapter shall be so construed as to impair or 
 affect any pledge heretofore made and now existing of any property or its 
 proceeds embraced in this chapter or in the ordinances relating to the 
 City debt. 
 
 Section 55. The Mayor, Comptroller, Chamberlain, President of the 
 Board of Aldermen and the Chairman of the Finance Committee of the 
 Board of Aldermen for the time being shall constitute and be denominated 
 the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund of The Citv of New 
 York. 
 
 Sec. 56. Any four or more of the persons named in the preceding 
 section of this article, of whom the Comptroller shall be one, shall be and 
 are hereby authorized to discharge the trusts and duties vested in them 
 by this article. 
 
 Sec. 57. All purchases to be made of the City stocks shall be made 
 by or under the direction of the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking 
 Fund, as herein and hereby constituted. 
 
 Sec. 58. The said Board shall, from time to time, invest the moneys 
 which shall constitute the Sinking Fund for the Redemption of the City 
 Debt, or as much as they can, in the purchase of stocks created by the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 13 
 
 Corporation of The City of New York, at the market price, not exceeding 
 the par value thereof; and if, at any time, such investments cannot be 
 made at par, then the said Board shall be authorized to invest the said 
 moneys, or such part thereof as they see fit, either in the purchase of the 
 said stock or the stock of the State of New York, or the stock or bonds 
 of the United States, notwithstanding such stock or bonds may be above 
 the par value thereof. 
 
 Sec. 59. The powers conferred on the said Board of Commissioners 
 in the preceding section of this article shall be so construed as to render 
 it imperative on the said Board, at all times to give preference to the pur- 
 chase of City stock, if the same can be procured at a reasonable rate. 
 
 Sec. 60. Whenever the said Board of Commissioners shall have 
 invested any part of the said fund in the purchase of the stocks of this 
 State or of the United States, and shall at any time thereafter be enabled 
 to purchase any of the City stocks at such prices as they may judge best 
 for the public interest, they shall forthwith sell and dispose of the same 
 and invest the said stocks of the State or of the United States, or the net 
 proceeds thereof, in the City stock, if, in their opinion, such disposition 
 would be beneficial to the public interest. 
 
 Sec. 61. Whenever the said Board of Commissioners shall have 
 invested any part of the said fund in the purchase of City stock, and shall 
 at any time thereafter be enabled to purchase any of the City stock, which 
 shall be by its terms redeemable at an earlier day, they may forthwith 
 sell the same and- invest the net proceeds in such other City stock, if in 
 their opinion such exchange shall be desirable and beneficial to the public 
 interest. 
 
 Sec. 62. Whenever any of the moneys constituting the Sinking Fund 
 for the Redemption of the City Debt shall be required for any such pur- 
 chases or investments as are in this chapter before mentioned, or for the 
 redemption of any of the City stocks at their maturity, the amount of 
 money respectively required shall be paid from the Treasury, by warrant, 
 signed by the said Board of Commissioners, or any of four of them, the 
 Comptroller being one. 
 
 Sec. 63. All stocks and sureties which shall be purchased by the 
 said Board of Commissioners shall be transferred to the said Commis- 
 sioners, and all transfers thereof, when disposed of pursuant to the 
 provisions of this article, shall be made by the said Commissioners, 
 or any four of them, of whom the Comptroller shall be one. 
 
 Sec. 64. The City stock which shall be purchased by the Board 
 of Commissioners shall not be cancelled by them until the final 
 redemption of the said stock, and all interest accruing thereon shall 
 regularly be carried to the said Sinking Fund for the Redemption of 
 the City Debt. 
 
 Sec. 65. The revenues herein assigned for the redemption of the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 City debt shall be kept distinct from all other revenues belonging to 
 the said Board of Commissioners. s 
 
 Sec. 66. All moneys constituting the fund for the Payment of 
 the Interest on the City Debt, whenever required to meet such inter- 
 est, shall be drawn from the Treasury in the same manner prescribed 
 above. 
 
 Sec. 67. Nothing in this ordinance shall be so construed as to 
 prevent the said Board of Commissioners from temporarily investing 
 the unemployed moneys belonging to the Sinking Fund in the tem- 
 porary bonds of the Corporation. 
 
 Sec. 68. It shall be the duty of'the Comptroller to keep a correct 
 journal of the proceedings of the said Board of Commissioners, to be 
 verified by any four of them, himself being one; and once in each 
 year, or oftener if required, to render unto the Board of Aldermen a 
 full and detailed report of the proceedings of the said Board of Com- 
 missioners. 
 
 Sec. 69. The said report shall specify the disbursements, pur- 
 chases, exchanges and sales made by the said Board of Commission- 
 ers, the prices at which and the parties from whom such purchases, 
 with whom such exchanges, and to whom such sales shall have been 
 made; the amounts and descriptions of the stocks of this City pur- 
 chased by the said Board; the amounts and descriptions of the stocks 
 of this State and of the United States then held by them; the amounts 
 paid for interest on the City^ stocks, with a detailed statement of the 
 receipts and the unemployed moneys in the City Treasury to the credit 
 of each division of the Sinking Fund. 
 
 Sec. 70. The terms "City debt" and "City stock" used in this 
 article shall be construed to mean any stock or fund created by the 
 Corporation of The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 71. The Board of Commissioners of "the Sinking Fund :>r 
 The City of New York for the Redemption of the City Debt" pre 
 hereby authorized, as provided by the Greater New York Charter, by 
 concurrent resolution, to direct that the bonds and stocks of The City 
 of New York, hereafter issued, pursuant to law, shall be exempt from 
 taxation by said City, and by the County of New York, but not from 
 taxation for State purposes, and all bonds and stocks issued pursu- 
 ant to such authority shall be exempt from taxation accordingly, pro- 
 vided that said bonds and stocks shall not bear interest exceeding the 
 rate of four per cent, per annum. 
 
 Article 4 — The Sale of Real Estate Belonging to the Sinking Fund. 
 
 Sec. 72. The Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund are 
 hereby authorized to sell and dispose of all real estate belonging to 
 the Corporation and not in use for or reserved for public purposes at 
 public auction or by scaled bids, at such times and on such terms as 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 15 
 
 they may deem most advantageous for the public interest, in conform- 
 ity with the provisions of the statute in this article before referred to; 
 provided, however, that no property shall be disposed of for a smaller 
 sum than that affixed to the description of said property under this 
 article, and at least thirty days' previous notice of the time and place 
 of such sale, including a description of the property to be sold, be 
 published in the CITY RECORD. 
 
 Sec. 73. Real estate under lease, without covenants of renewal, 
 shall not be sold for a less sum than the same may be appraised at 
 by the Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, or a majority 
 of them, at a meeting to be held and on appraisement made within 
 one month prior to the date of the sale. 
 
 Sec. 74.- Real estate under lease, without covenant of renewal, 
 shall not be sold for a less sum than an amount equal to the commuta- 
 tion on the present rents reserved, calculated at six per cent. 
 
 Sec. 75. Real estate not embraced in the last two preceding sec- 
 tions shall not be sold for a less sum than the same may be so 
 appraised at. 
 
 Sec. 76. Whenever any real estate shall have been sold pursuant 
 to the preceding sections of this article, it shall be the duty of the 
 Board of Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, or a majority of 
 them, to give a certificate, under their hands, that the same has been 
 sold pursuant to the provisions of this article, and upon the produc- 
 tion of such certificate and the evidence that the proceeds of such 
 sale have been paid into the Treasury to the credit of the Sinking 
 Fund for the Redemption of the City Debt, it shall be the duty of 
 the Mayor of the City and the Clerk of the Board of Aldermen to 
 execute proper conveyances of such real estate under their hands 
 and seal of the City Corporation. 
 
 Article 5— The Collector of Assessments and Arrears. 
 
 Sec. 77. There shall be paid to and collected by the Collector of 
 Assessments and Arrears, for the benefit of the City Treasury, on his 
 furnishing a bill of arrears or making searches upon a requisition for 
 searches on each lot or piece of property mentioned or referred to 
 therein, in respect to Croton water rents, 50 cents; in respect to 
 taxes, 50 cents; in respect to assessments, 50 cents; and for his 
 certificate upon any such bill or search, when requested, 10 cents. 
 
 Article 6 — The Bureau of City Revenue and Markets. 
 
 Sec. 78. The Collector of City Revenue and the Superintendent 
 of Markets is charged with the duty of superintending the public 
 markets, the inspection, regulation and management thereof, and of 
 the transferring and other regulation of the stalls and stands therein. 
 
i6 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 79. The Comptroller may appoint proper persons to remove 
 dirt and filth from the public markets, and to perform such other 
 services about the public markets as is necessary to cleanse the same, 
 at a specified compensation; and may, at any time, remove them, or 
 appoint others in their stead. 
 
 Sec. 80. Xo transfer or assignment of any stall or stand in any 
 of the public markets shall be made without the written permission 
 of the Comptroller, and such transfer shall be duly entered upon the 
 register or list of stands, and notice of the transfer, when made, shall 
 be given to the Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 81. The following places are hereby severally designated 
 and declared to be the public markets of the City of Xew York, to 
 wit: Clinton Market, Essex Market, Franklin Market, Fulton Market, 
 Jefferson Market, Tompkins Market. Washington Market, West Wash- 
 ington Market, Gouverneur slip, and the Farmer's Market, bounded 
 by Little Twelfth street, Gansevoort, Washington street and West 
 street and Tenth avenue. 
 
 Sec. 82. So much of the lands as are bounded and described as 
 follows, to wit: Parcel No. 1, bounded on the north by the southerly 
 side of the approach to the Williamsburg Bridge, on the east by 
 the westerly side of Attorney street, on the south by the southerly 
 clearance line of the Williamsburg Bridge, and on the west by a line 
 parallel with Attorney street, and distant 160 feet from the west side 
 of Attorney street, said parcel being 160 feet in length by 31 feet 9 
 inches in width. Parcel No. 2. bounded on the north by the southerly 
 side of the approach to the Williamsburg Bridge, on the east by the 
 westerly side of Ridge street, on the south by the southerly clearance 
 line of Williamsburg Bridge property, and on Hie west by the easterly 
 side of Attorney street; said parcel being about 200 feet in length by 
 31 feet 9 inches in width: is hereby declared to be a public market 
 place for hucksters and peddlers using pushcarts, pending the com- 
 pletion of the bridge, the Commissioner of Bridges to determine the 
 date of said completion. 
 
 Said hucksters and peddlers are hereby authorized to stand in 
 the said market place, as soon as the same shall be in proper condition, 
 and there to exhibit their wares and vend the same; subject to such 
 rules and regulations concerning fees, the hours of doing business 
 and the general management of said market as may be made by the 
 Comptroller of The City of Xew York. 
 
 Sec. 83. Provision is hereby made for the acquisition and estab- 
 lishment of a public wholesale market in the Eighth Ward of the 
 Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York, upon the lands and lands 
 under water hereinafter described, which are hereby selected for a 
 public wholesale market in said Borough of Brooklyn, and surveys 
 and maps thereof are hereby directed to be made and filed as provided 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 17 
 
 by law. Said lands or lands under water shall be acquired for said 
 purposes by purchase or by condemnation proceedings, as required 
 by law, provided, however, that this matter be submitted to the Board 
 of Estimate and Apportionment, and that no further proceedings be 
 taken until the acquisition of said lands or lands under water is 
 approved and authorized by the Board of Estimate and Apportion- 
 ment, as required by law. 
 
 The lands and lands under water so selected shall be set apart 
 for use as a public wholesale market, provided, however, that said 
 lands or lands under water or any part thereof, whenever they shall 
 no longer be required for the purpose of a market, may be assigned 
 by the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund for any other public 
 purpose, or may be sold by said Commissioners in the manner pro- 
 vided by law. 
 
 For the purpose of paying for the acquisition of said lands or 
 lands under water, whether such lands or lands under water be 
 acquired by purchase or by condemnation proceedings, and for the 
 purpose of paying for the construction of said market, the Comptroller, 
 subject to the approval of the Board of Estimate and Apportionment, 
 in the manner provided by law. is authorized to issue Corporate Stock 
 of The City of Xew York. Such Corporate Stock shall be issued from 
 time to time upon the requisition of the Board of Estimate and Appor- 
 tionment, to the amount of such requisition or requisitions, and the 
 proceeds thereof shall be paid into the City Treasury and shall con- 
 stitute a fund for the purpose aforesaid. 
 
 The lands or lands under water hereinbefore mentioned and 
 referred to are described as follows: 
 
 All that certain plot, piece or parcel of land and land under water, 
 situate, living and being in the Eighth Ward, Borough of Brooklyn, 
 County of Kings, City and State of Xew York, bounded and described 
 as follows: Beginning at a point on the westerly line or side of 
 Second avenue, 375 feet northerly from the centre line of Thirty-ninth 
 street, as said street and avenue are laid down on the map of the Com- 
 missioners appointed by the Legislature of the State of Xew York 
 to lay out streets, avenues and squares in the former City of Brooklyn: 
 running thence westerly on a line parallel with and distant 375 feet 
 from said centre line of Thirty-ninth street to the pierhead line as 
 established by chapter 491 of the Laws of 1884. and approved by the 
 Secretary of W r ar on March 4, 1890; thence northeasterly along said 
 pierhead line to a point on the westerly prolongation of the southerly 
 line of Thirty-sixth street, as laid down on said map; thence easterly 
 along the westerly prolongation of the southerly line of Thirty-sixth 
 street to the westerly line or side of Second avenue, 376 feet, more or 
 less, to the point or place of beginning. 
 
i8 
 
 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Article 6A. 
 
 Sec. 83A. Every cart, wagon or other vehicle in which articles 
 shall be brought to market, or which shall come within the limits of 
 any market, shall be removed therefrom at or before seven o'clock 
 in the morning of each day between the first day of May and the first 
 day of October, and at or before eight o'clock in the morning of each 
 day during the remainder of the year, under the penalty of five dollars 
 for each offense, to be paid by the owner or person having charge 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. 83B. Every cart, wagon or other vehicles in which any 
 garden produce or other thing shall be brought to market shall be 
 unloaded immediately on its arrival at the said market and forthwith 
 removed from said market or the limits thereof, under the penalty 
 of ten dollars for every refusal or neglect to remove the same, to be 
 recovered from the owner or owners, or person or persons having 
 charge thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 83C. All carts, wagons or other vehicles, and all boves, 
 baskets or other things, and all market produce or other article^ what- 
 soever which shall not be removed as directed by the Superintendent 
 of Markets, shall be removed by him to the corporation yard, and 
 such part thereof as will pay the penalty imposed by this article shall 
 be forthwith sold, and the said penalty, when thus received, shall be 
 paid over by the said Superintendent to the Chamberlain of the City. 
 
 Sec. 83D. The said Superintendent shall also sell so much of the 
 said article or thing as will pay the expense of removal, and the 
 remainder thereof shall continue in the place to which it was removed 
 until the owner thereof shall pay to the said Superintendent, for the 
 use of The City of New York, the sum of six cents for every cart or 
 wagon load thereof for every day the same shall have remained in 
 the said place of removal. 
 
 Sec. 83E. The owner of every cart or other vehicle used for the 
 purpose of bringing meat, garden produce or other thing to any of 
 the public markets to be sold shall cause his. or her name to be painted 
 in a plain manner and on a conspicuous part of such cart or other 
 vehicle, under the penalty of five dollars for every time the same shall 
 be used or driven in The City of New York without such name, to 
 be recovered from the owner or driver thereof, severally and respect- 
 ively. 
 
 Sec. 83F. The last preceding section shall not be construed to 
 apply to the carts used by licensed cartmen of this City, nor to wagons, 
 carts or other vehicles owned by countrymen and bringing such coun- 
 trymen's produce to market. 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 19 
 
 C 1 1 AFTER 5— THE BOROUGH PRESIDENTS. 
 Article 1 — Contracts and General Powers. 
 
 Sec- 84. All contracts for work, materials or supplies relating to 
 any of the matters under the cognizance of the respective Borough 
 Presidents, shall be made by the said Borough Presidents, and bonds, 
 to be approved by the Comptroller, shall be taken for the faithful 
 performance thereof; all such contracts shall be executed in triplicate 
 by the said Borough Presidents on the part of the Corporation, and 
 by the contractor; one original copy so executed shall be kept and 
 filed in the office of the Borough President, one shall be filed in the 
 office of the Comptroller, and the third shall be given to the contractor. 
 
 4 Sec. 85. Xo payment shall be made on any work or job done 
 by contract, for any extra work thereon not specified in the contract, 
 imless such extra work shall have been done by the written order of 
 the Borough President directing the same, and stating that such work 
 is not included in the contract. And no such expenditure shall in any 
 case be made, the total amount of which on any one work shall 
 exceed $1,000. unless the same shall be authorized by the Board of 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. 86. All moneys payable by the Corporation for work done, 
 or supplies furnished by contract or otherwise, under the Borough 
 Presidents, shall be paid by the Comptroller, by warrant drawn in 
 favor of the person or persons to whom payments are due. except as 
 otherwise provided in these ordinances, and except that in the case 
 of a payroll for labor performed under the supervision of the Borough 
 Presidents, the Comptroller may; draw a warrant for the total amount 
 of such payroll, in favor of the Chamberlain, who shall make the 
 payments therein specified. 
 
 Sec. 87. Xo payments shall be made for any work or supplies 
 within the cognizance of the Borough Presidents, except upon the 
 requisition of the Borough President, upon a voucher duly certified. 
 A receipt shall be taken upon each of such vouchers at the time of 
 payment, which shall be filed in the office of the Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 88. The respective Borough Presidents shall, when required 
 by the Board of Aldermen, inquire into and report upon any of the 
 matters within their cognizance, and shall, from time to time, com- 
 municate to the Board of Aldermen any information or suggestion 
 which he may deem important in relation thereto. 
 
 Sec. 89. Each Borough President shall issue proposals and adver- 
 tise for bids for all contracts exceeding $1,000 connected with his 
 Department; and whenever a survey or plans shall be necessary for 
 the work duly authorized, or for the purpose of reporting any neces- 
 sary information, he shall cause such survey or plans to be made by 
 
20 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 a competent surveyor, architect or Engineer, as the nature of the 
 work may require. 
 
 Sec. 90. He shall control and direct all expenditures to be made 
 by his Department, shall countersign and draw his requisition upon 
 the Comptroller for the payment of all bills and accounts therefor 
 which in his judgment are correct, and which may be duly certified 
 by the Department under whose supervision the expenditure was in- 
 curred; and no requisition shall be drawn by any Borough President 
 for the payment of any bills or accounts until the same shall have been 
 duly certified as aforesaid, except that bills and accounts for expendi- 
 tures for the removal of incumbrances or for other expenditures 
 authorized by ordinance, but not under the immediate supervision of 
 any Department, shall be certified by the Borough President. * 
 
 Sec. 91. The President of each Borough shall present and report 
 to the Corporation Counsel all encroachments on the streets or 
 avenues in The City of New York which may be brought to his notice, 
 or take such other action thereon as may be prescribed by ordinance 
 in relation thereto. He shall appoint a competent inspector of con- 
 tract work connected with his Department, in all cases where he may 
 deem the public service requires such inspector. In all cases where 
 an assessment shall be levied for any improvements the amount paid 
 for inspection on any contract work connected therewith shall be 
 assessed and collected" with the other expenses of such improvement, 
 except where the inspector's wages are legally chargeable to the 
 contractor. 
 
 Sec. 92. In all cases where provision is made by ordinance that 
 the consent of any Borough President may be obtained to authorize 
 any act to be done, he may grant permits therefor, subject to the 
 restriction of the ordinances in relation thereto. 
 
 Sec. 93. He shall cause to be entered in books to be provided for 
 that purpose and kept in his office, open at all convenient times to 
 public inspection, the names of all persons from whom he may receive 
 money for the Corporation, 011 trust account or otherwise; the 
 amounts received, on what account, and when paid; and shall render 
 a certified account thereof, under oath, item by item, to the Comp- 
 troller, on Thursday of each week, and shall thereupon pay over the 
 amount so received to the Chamberlain. He shall thereupon receive 
 from the Chamberlain duplicate vouchers for the payment thereof, 
 one of which he shall, on the same day, file in the office of the Comp- 
 troller. 
 
 Sec. 94. He may direct the removal of any article or thing what- 
 soever which may incumber or obstruct a street or avenue in The 
 City of New York, under the penalties prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 95. Each Borough President shall keep separate accounts 
 
ORDINAN'CES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 21 
 
 with the two appropriations, one for the removal of incumbrances and 
 the other for the contingencies of his Department, and the several, 
 drafts shall he made upon the Comptroller, charging each appropria- 
 tion with the respective drafts, and the Comptroller shall draw his 
 warrant in each case in favor of the Borough President for the 
 amounts thereof. 
 
 Sec. 96. All articles removed as provided in this article may be 
 redeemed by the owner upon his paying to the Borough President, 
 for the use of the Corporation, the necessary expenses of removal, 
 together with six cents per day for every cart-load thereof during: 
 the time it shall remain unclaimed. 
 
 Sec. 97. Each Borough President shall enter in a book, to be 
 provided for that purpose, a list of all articles so removed, with the 
 time of removal and the expenses thereof, and when the same shall 
 be redeemed he shall likewise enter therein the name of the person 
 redeeming the same and the amount received therefor, and shall 
 render a certified account thereof to the Comptroller on Thursday 
 of each week, and shall thereupon pay over the amount received to 
 the Chamberlain. He shall also thereupon receive from the Cham- 
 berlain duplicate vouchers for the payment thereof, one of which he 
 shall on the same day, file in the office of the Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 98. He shall between the first and tenth days of February, 
 May, August and November, and at any other time he may designate, 
 advertise and sell, at public auction, all such articles so removed as 
 shall have been in the public yard, or other suitable place, one month 
 prior to the time of advertising; and he shall immediately after such 
 sale, account for and pay the proceeds thereof into the City Treasury 
 in the manner provided in the last section. 
 
 Sec. 99. The jurisdiction over the Corporation yards, except such 
 as are or shall be established by the Commissioner of Street Cleaning - , 
 is vested in the Borough President. 
 
 Sec. 100. The Presidents of the Boroughs of The City of New- 
 York be and they are each of them hereby authorized to close tempo- 
 rarily to traffic any street, avenue or public highway, or a portion 
 thereof, when in their judgment travel on said street, avenue or 
 public highway is deemed to be dangerous to life in consequence of 
 there being carried on in said street, avenue or public highway, build- 
 ing operations, repairs to said pavements, or blasting for the purpose 
 of removing rock from abutting property. 
 
 Article 2 — Numbering Streets and Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 101. It will be the duty of any Borough President, in num- 
 bering and renumbering streets, to leave sufficient numbers on each 
 block, so that, under any circumstances, there would be but one 
 
22 ORDI WW'CES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 block where a change would be required in case of renumbering at 
 any subsequent time. 
 
 Sec. 102. Whenever any street north of Ninth street inclusive, in 
 the Borough of Manhattan, shall be directed to be numbered or re- 
 numbered, the President of the Borough shall cause the numbers to 
 commence at Fifth avenue, numbering east and west, beginning with 
 No. i on the, west side of Fifth avenue; No. 100 on the west side of 
 Sixth avenue; No. 200 on the west side of Seventh avenue, and so on 
 east and west of the whole series of streets north of Ninth street, and 
 including Ninth street; and said streets shall hereafter be called and 
 known as Hast Ninth street and West Ninth street and so on; the 
 dividing line to be Fifth avenue. 
 
 See. 103. Whenever any street shall have been numbered or re- 
 numbered, in pursuance of these ordinances, such numbers shall not 
 he changed or altered without the consent of the President of the 
 Borough, under the penalty of twenty-live dollars ($25) for each 
 offense, to be sued for and collected of the person or persons so 
 violating these ordinances. 
 
 See. 104. In all cases where a street shall have been numbered or 
 renumbered, in pursuance of these ordinances, it shall be the duty of 
 the Borough President thereafter to adjust and renumber such street 
 as the same may be required from time to time. 
 
 Sec. 105. Whenever any house or lot in any street in the Bor- 
 ough of Manhattan shall have been numbered or renumbered, accord- 
 ing to law or the provisions of these ordinances, it shall be the duty 
 of the President of the Borough to cause to be served upon the 
 owner of the house so numbered or renumbered, or upon his agent, 
 or upon the sole lessee (if any) of such house, either personally or 
 "by leaving at the residence of said owner, agent or lessee a copy of 
 the resolution or ordinance so numbering or renumbering such house, 
 together with a notice designating the numbering or renumbering of 
 the same, directed to such owner, agent or lessee. If such owner, 
 agent or lessee shall fail, within ten days after such service, to number 
 ,or renumber in a conspicuous manner the house so numbered or 
 renumbered, as aforesaid, the one or such of them so notified, and 
 failing as aforesaid, shall be jointly and severally liable to a penalty 
 of $1 for each day after the expiration of said ten days, until such 
 resolution or ordinance shall have been complied with. Provided, 
 however, that the penalty above provided for shall not be recoverable 
 in either of the following cases: First, as against the agent if he offer 
 satisfactory proof that compliance with the resolution or ordinance is 
 not within the scope of his authority; second, as against the lessee, 
 ii he offer satisfactory proof that his control of the demised house 
 does not extend to 'numbering or renumbering the same; third, as 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 23 
 
 against any defendant who shall prove that the house in question 
 has been numbered or renumbered within the two years last pre- 
 ceding the date of the beginning of the action for such penalty. A 
 copy of this section shall be indorsed upon each notice so served as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 106. No person or persons shall cover up or remove any of 
 the monument stones for designating the avenues or streets in The 
 City of New York, without giving three days' notice in writing of 
 his intention so to do to the President of the Borough in which such 
 monument stone is situated. 
 
 Sec. 107. Tt shall be the duty of the Borough President receiving 
 such notice forthwith to cause one of the City Surveyors or an Engi- 
 neer in his Department to take the necessary measures to raise or 
 lower such monument to the proper grade of the City, and to cause 
 such alteration to be noticed on maps to be kept in his office for 
 that purpose. 
 
 Sec. 108. It shall be the duty of each of the Borough Presidents 
 above mentioned in all contracts hereafter made by him for regulating- 
 any of the streets or avenues in which monuments are placed to insert 
 therein a covenant on the part of the contractors to give the notice- 
 above required, and to replace such stones, under the direction of the 
 said Borough President. 
 
 Sec. 109. No excavation or embankment shall be made, or any 
 pavement or flagging laid or moved by any person or persons within 
 two feet of any monument or bolt, which has been set by proper 
 authority or designated on any official map as a landmark to denote 
 street lines within The City of New Y r ork, unless a license therefor 
 has been obtained from the President of the Borough in which such 
 monument or bolt is situated. 
 
 Sec. 1 10. Whenever it may be necessary to make any excavation' 
 or embankment, or to lay or remove any pavement or flagging within 
 two feet of any street monument or bolt, as aforesaid, any person 
 or persons intending to do such work shall make written application 
 to the Borough President having jurisdiction as aforesaid for a 
 license, which application shall set forth the nature of the work 
 proposed and the location of the monument affected thereby. 
 
 The said Borough President shall thereupon cause one of the- 
 City Surveyors or an Engineer in his Department to take such meas- 
 urement and field notes as may be necessary to restore such mon- 
 uments to their correct position after the completion of the contem- 
 plated work, and when such measurements and field notes have been 
 taken, but not before, may issue a license as desired. 
 
 Sec. in. Whenever any of the Borough Presidents above men- 
 tioned shall ascertain that any monument stone has been removed, lie 
 
24 
 
 ORDIN WCKS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 shall forthwith cause the same to be placed in its proper position, 
 and shall note the same on the map in the manner before stated. 
 
 Sec. 112. The expenses attending the same shall be paid by the 
 Comptroller on the certificate of the Borough President causing such 
 work to be done. 
 
 Sec. 113. If any person or persons shall make any excavation or 
 embankment, or lay or take up any pavement or flagging within two 
 feet of any street monument, or shall in any way remove, injure or 
 deface any such monument, without having first obtained a license as 
 aforesaid, such person or persons shall be subject to a penalty of $50 
 for each offense, to be imposed by any Police Magistrate or Justice 
 either on his own view or on testimony taken in a summary manner, 
 and in default of payment of any fine so imposed, such Police Justice 
 or Magistrate shall commit such offender to the City Prison for a 
 period not to exceed thirty days, unless such fine is sooner paid. 
 
 Article 3 — Flagging, Curbing and Repairing Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 114. All streets in the Borough of Manhattan of 22 feet in 
 width and upward shall have sidewalks thereof laid with granite or 
 blue-stone flagging, not less than 3 inches thick, and not less than 2 
 feet wide, and containing a superficial area of at least 8 square feet. 
 
 Sec. 115. In all streets of the Borough of Manhattan of the 
 width of 40 feet and upward, which are paved, or shall hereafter be 
 paved or repaved, the sidewalks or footwalks between the lines of 
 the streets and kennels shall be of the following width, that is to say: 
 
 1. In all streets 40 feet wide, 10 feet. 
 
 2. In all streets 50 feet wide, 13 feet. 
 ... In all streets 60 feet wide, 15 feet. 
 
 4. In all streets 70 feet wide. 18 feet. 
 
 5. In all streets 75 feet wide, 18 feet 6 inches. 
 
 6. In all streets 80 feet wide. 19 feet. 
 
 7. In all streets above 80 feet, and not exceeding 100 feet, 20 feet. 
 
 8. In all streets of more than 100 feet, 22 feet and no more. 
 Sec. 116. In all streets less than 40 feet in width such proportion 
 
 thereof as may be directed by the President of the Borough in which 
 such streets are located shall be used and flagged for sidewalks and 
 •footpaths. 
 
 Sec. 117. Omitted. 
 
 Sec. 118. All sidewalks in the Borough of Manhattan shall be 
 raised from the curbstone in the proportion of 2 inches on 10 feet, 
 tinder the penalty of $10. to be sued for and recovered from the 
 persons laying and fixing the same and the owner or owners of the 
 lot fronting on the sidewalk severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 119. No person shall extend the sidewalk before his lot 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 25 
 
 beyond that of his neighbor, in any street where the same is not 
 extended to the width allowed by law. under the penalty of $10 for 
 each offense, to be sued for and recovered from the person or persons 
 so violating, and the owner or owners of the lots fronting on such 
 sidewalks, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 120. The last preceding section of this article shall not be 
 construed to prevent the extending of any such sidewalks when a 
 majority of the owners of property on the same side of the street 
 and between the tu'o nearest corners, by and with the permission of 
 the President of the Borough in which such street is located, agree 
 to and do extend the sidewalks in front of their respective lots of 
 ground in like manner. 
 
 Sec. 121. No sidewalk or any part of a sidewalk laid with brick 
 or flagging shall hereafter be taken up or the brick or flagging re- 
 moved therefrom, for any purpose whatever, in The City of New 
 York, without the written permission of the President of the Borough 
 in which the same is situated, under the penalty of $25 for every such 
 offense; but the provisions of this section, unless such work should 
 come within the limits of an ordinance of the Board of Aldermen, 
 shall not apply to any person engaged in the necessary repairs of 
 any such sidewalk, the resetting, when necessary of an}- curb or 
 gutter-stones that may have become displaced, broken or sunken, or 
 the necessary repair or alteration of any coal slide under any side- 
 walk, nor shall a permit for any such purpose be necessary. 
 
 Sec. 122. All private cart-ways, crossing any of the sidewalks of 
 the Borough of Manhattan, and all sidewalks whatever, shall be paved 
 with granite or blue stone, not less in size than eight superficial 
 feet, hewn and laid closely together, and not with brick or with round 
 or paving stones, under the penalty of $10 upon the owner and 
 occupant of the lot in front of which such cart-way or sidewalk 
 shall be, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 123. In case any part of such private cartway or any part 
 of such sidewalk shall not be paved, repaved or repaired according to 
 the provisions of the last section, it shall be lawful for the said Bor- 
 ough President to order, in writing, the same to be done within a 
 time mentioned in such order, at the expiration of which time the same 
 may be done under the direction of the said Borough President, and 
 the expense thereof collected of the owner or owners, occupant or 
 occupants of the lot fronting thereon. 
 
 Sec. 124. All curb-stones which shall hereafter be laid for the 
 purpose of supporting the sidewalks shall not be less than three feet 
 in length. 5 inches thick, 20 inches wide throughout, and shall be of 
 the best blue stone or gray granite, and cut. prepared and laid in the 
 following manner, that is to say: 10 inches of the stone shall be laid 
 
26 ORDIXANXES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 below the kennel and 10 inches above it. except where the length of 
 t he curb-stone to be laid or relaid shall be less than the space between 
 the streets crossing that in which it is to be laid, in which case, if 
 the curb-stone in front of the lots adjoining shall be put more than 8 
 inches above the gutter-stone, unless the person or persons laying or 
 relaying the same shall, by permission of the owner or owners of the 
 lots adjoining, at his or her own expense, raise the adjoining sidewalk 
 or sidewalks, and replace the same in a proper manner, for a space 
 of at least 5 feet in width, so as to prevent any abrupt irregularity in 
 the pavement of the sidewalk; the top of the stone shall be cut to a 
 bevel of 1 inch; the front to be cut smooth and to a fair line to the 
 depth of 14 inches; the ends from top to bottom to be truly squared 
 as to form close and even joints, and the front so laid as to present a 
 fair and unbroken line, under the penalty of $10 for each or any 
 violation of this section, to be sued for and recovered from the persons 
 laying and fixing the same, and the owner or owners of the lots 
 fronting on the sidewalk so fixed, severally and respectively; but in 
 all cases where streets are repaved and curbs are reset at the public 
 expense, the President of the Borough in which the same are located 
 may lay curb not exceeding 8 inches in width and not less than 12 
 inches in depth, with a foundation of concrete not less than 5 inches in 
 depth. 
 
 Sec. 125. All gutter-stones which shall hereafter be laid in thfs 
 city shall be of the best hard blue stone or granite, at least 30 inches 
 in length. 14 inches in width, and 6 inches thick, and shall be cut to a 
 fair and level surface without windings, with true and parallel sides, 
 ■and the ends square so as to form tight and close joints, under the 
 penalty of $10, to be sued for and recovered from the person or per- 
 sons laying the sidewalk and the owner or owners of the lot fronting 
 on the sidewalk or street, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 126. If any street, when paved, shall not exactly range, the 
 gutter or outside of the footpath or sidewalk shall be laid out and 
 made as nearly in a straight line as the street will permit; and the 
 ascent and descent of the same shall be regulated by the President of 
 the Borough in which the same is located, and a profile thereof, with 
 the regulations distinctly marked thereon, shall be deposited and kept 
 in the office of the Borough President regulating the same. 
 
 Sec. 127. When any carriageway shall have been paved, and a 
 majority of owners of lots on the same block shall have regulated and 
 paved their sidewalks, the President of the Borough in which the same 
 is located, shall give notice to the owner or owners, or occupant or 
 occupants, on any lots in front of which the sidewalks shall not be 
 paved, to regulate and pave the same within a certain time to be 
 designated in such notice. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 27 
 
 Sec. 128. In case of any neglect or refusal to comply with the 
 requisitions contained in the notice mentioned in the last preceding 
 section, the owner or owners, or occupant or occupants, shall forfeit 
 the penalty of $25 for each neglect or refusal, severally or respectively. 
 
 Sec. 129. The owner or owners, lessee or lessees, occupant or 
 occupants of any house or building or vacant lots fronting on any 
 street or avenue, shall at his. her or their charge and expense, well 
 and sufficiently pave, according to the ordinances, and keep and 
 maintain in good repair the sidewalks and curb and gutter of such 
 street or avenue in front of any such house or other building or 
 vacant lot. 
 
 Sec. 130. Upon complaint being made to the Borough President 
 having jurisdiction thereof, to his satisfaction, that any sidewalk or 
 curb and gutter, or cither, are not paved or repaired according to 
 these ordinances, it shall be lawful for the said Borough President 
 to cause a notice to be served upon the owner or owners, lessee or 
 lessees, occupant or occupants, of any such house or other building 
 or vacant lot of ground fronting on any street or avenue, to repair 
 or relay, as the case may require, the sidewalk and curb and gutter, 
 or either, in front of the same, within ten days after the service of 
 such notice. 
 
 Sec. 131. In default of such owner or owners, lessee or lessees, 
 occupant or occupants, repairing or relaying, as the case may require, 
 such sidewalks and curb and gutter, or either, within the time required 
 by said notice and complying with the said notice, the said Borough 
 President is hereby authorized and required to lay and relay the 
 flagging, and set and reset the curb and gutter, or either, and otherwise 
 repair such sidewalks, and to certify the expense of conforming to 
 the provisions of this ordinance to the Board of Assessors, who are 
 directed to make a just and equitable assessment of such expense 
 among the owners or occupants, of all the houses or lots intended to 
 be benefited thereby in proportion as near as may be to the advantages 
 which they may be deemed to acquire, and it shall be lawful for the 
 said Borough President to report to the Corporation Counsel the 
 neglect or refusal to comply with the above said notice, who shall 
 recover $10 as a penalty from the owner or owners, lessee or lessees, 
 occupant or occupants, of such house or other building in front of 
 which the expense was incurred, in any court having jurisdiction 
 thereof, in the name of The City of New York. 
 
 Article 4 — Paving, Repaving and Repairing Carriageways. 
 
 Sec. 132. All the streets in The City of New York of 22 feet in 
 width and upward shall be laid or paved in the middle, which part shall 
 remain as a cartway, and shall have a gutter or kennel on each side 
 
28 
 
 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 next adjoining the footpath, and shall be paved with sufficient paving 
 stone, and arched in such manner as the Borough Presidents shall 
 direct. 
 
 Sec. 133. Whenever the carriageway of any of the streets in The 
 City of New York, or part of the same, not less than the space or 
 tli stance between and including the intersection of two streets, shall 
 be repaired or newly paved, and the cross walks laid, and the side- 
 walks extended to the width required by law. at the expense of the 
 individual owners of the lots in the same, and the work approved by 
 the proper city authorities, such streets or parts of streets shall forever 
 thereafter be paved, repaired and repaved at the expense of the Cor- 
 poration, but this section shall not be construed to apply to any 
 wooden pavement in said City. 
 
 Sec. 134. Any citizen or number of citizens shall be allowed to 
 paye the street opposite to his or their property where the same shall 
 extend from the intersection of one cross street to the intersection 
 of another; provided, the same be done in conformity to the regula- 
 tions of the President of the Borough in which such street is located. 
 
 Sec. 135. All pavements hereafter to be laid in any of the streets 
 or lanes of this City by the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and 
 Electricity, or contractors for the construction of sewers, or for the 
 laying of any water, gas or other pipes, shall, after the pavement is 
 laid or driven down, have covered over them 1 inch in thickness of 
 pure sand. 
 
 Sec. 136. Any and all persons other than the Commissioner of 
 Water Supply, Gas and Electricity who may hereafter pave or cause to 
 he paved, any street, lane or other thoroughfare, or portion thereof, in 
 this City, shall have the sand, dirt and rubbish cleaned off said street, 
 lane or thoroughfare, or any part thereof, within twelve days after any 
 such pavement so done or laid, or excavation that may have been 
 made, or other work done in pursuance thereof; and no contract for 
 paving, in pursuance of this section, shall be accepted as completed 
 unless the city official making the contract shall certify that this 
 section has been fully complied with. 
 
 Sec. 137. Any person or persons, excepting the Commissioner of 
 "Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, neglecting or refusing to remove 
 the dirt, sand or rubbish mentioned herein within the time specified 
 therein, shall forfeit and pay the sum of $25 for each offense; and, in 
 addition thereto, the President of the Borough in which such work 
 has been done shall cause the same to be removed at the expense of 
 the party so neglecting or refusing, who shall be liable to repay and 
 refund the same, and which sum shall be collected and paid into the 
 City Treasury. 
 
 Sec. 138. It shall not be lawful for any of the gas companies of 
 this City to break up any of the pavements of this City without the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 29 
 
 permission of the President of the Borough in which such work is to 
 he done; and such consent shall not be given until the party applying 
 therefor shall enter into a stipulation satisfactory to the said Borough 
 President to repair and replace the said pavement to the satisfaction 
 of the said Borough President, at his or their own expense, by a day 
 to be named in such permit; and if any person or persons shall neglect 
 or refuse to repair and replace the same in accordance with such 
 stipulation and permit, they shall be liable to pay the expense of 
 repairing and replacing such pavement, which shall be done by and 
 under the direction of the said Borough President. 
 
 Sec. 139. It shall be lawful for the persons employed to pave or 
 repave any street in The City of New York, to place proper obstruc- 
 tions across any such street or cartway for the purpose of preserving 
 the pavement then newly made or to be made, until the same shall be- 
 fit for use, leaving at all times a sufficient passage for foot passengers. 
 
 Sec. 140. No person or persons shall, without the consent of the 
 Borough President having jurisdiction of the street in which such 
 obstruction is placed, in writing, or without the consent of the person 
 superintending said paving, throw down, displace or remove any such 
 obstruction mentioned in the last preceding section, under the penalty 
 of $15 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 141. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to 
 authorize any person or persons to stop up or obstruct more than the 
 space of one block and one intersection, at the same time, in any one 
 street, or to keep the same so stopped up for more than two days 
 after the cartway is finished. 
 
 Sec. 142. Whenever any person or persons shall have authority 
 under any contract with the Corporation or any officer thereof, or 
 under any permit authorizing the same, to remove the pavement from, 
 or to excavate, or to occupy or use any part of the public streets and 
 avenues in the City, so as to obstruct the travel in any streets or 
 avenues, and to prevent the same from being used for the time being 
 for the purposes of travel, such person or persons shall erect, or 
 cause to be erected, in conspicuous positions, at the several points of 
 intersection of such street or avenue so obstructed, with the cross 
 streets nearest to such obstruction, a suitable notice of such obstruc- 
 tions, which notice shall be in such manner and form as the Borough 
 President having jurisdiction of such street may at any time direct. 
 
 Sec. 143. Every person who shall violate the preceding section 
 shall be subject to a penalty of $10, to be sued for and recovered in 
 any court of competent jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 144. No pavement in any street in The City of New York 
 which has been accepted by the Corporation, to be kept in repair at 
 the public expense, shall hereafter be taken up or the paving stones 
 
30 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 removed therefrom, for any purpose whatever, without the authority 
 of the Borough President having charge thereof, under the penalty 
 of $100 for every offense. 
 
 Sec. 145. Whenever any pavement in any such street, or any part 
 or portion thereof, has been or shall be taken up, or the paving stones 
 in any such street or part of a street have been or shall be removed 
 therefrom, or from the place or position in which they have been put 
 in such pavement, in violation- of the preceding sections, it shall be 
 the duty of the President of the Borough in which such work has been 
 done, forthwith to restore the paving stones so removed as aforesaid 
 to their place in the said pavement, so as to restore said pavement, as 
 nearly as may be practicable, to the condition in which it was before 
 such taking or removal as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 146. Whenever any wood, timber, stone, iron or any other 
 metal has been or shall be put or placed in or upon any such pavement 
 so as to hinder or obstruct or be in the way of the restoration of 
 said pavement, as mentioned in the preceding section, it shall be the 
 duty of the Borough President having charge of the street or pavement 
 forthwith to cause such wood, timber, stone, iron or other metal to 
 be taken up and removed from said street or pavement, so that they 
 shall not incumber or obstruct said street and the free use of the 
 pavement therein and all parts thereof. 
 
 Sec. 147. Whenever, hereafter, any person or association or body 
 of persons, or any incorporated company, shall attempt to take up 
 any such pavement mentioned in this article, or remove the paving 
 stones, or any of them, therefrom, it shall be the duty of the Borough 
 President having charge thereof forthwith to prevent the same, and 
 generally to prevent the pavement in the street aforesaid, and every 
 part thereof, from being taken up, removed, incumbered or obstructed. 
 
 Sec. 148. It is hereby made the duty of the Borough Presidents, 
 each in their respective jurisdiction, whenever granting a permit for 
 any excavation, opening or disturbance of the pavement of the car- 
 riageway of any street, 'avenue or public place in The City of New 
 York, or sidewalk thereof, except in cases where such opening, exca- 
 vation or disturbance shall be directly authorized by law, to require 
 of the person or persons by whom or for whose benefit any excavation 
 or opening is to be made, for any purpose whatever, a deposit of 
 such sum as shall be deemed sufficient to cover and pay all the 
 expenses on the part of the Department granting the permit, as the 
 case may be, of furnishing such material, doing such work, and taking 
 such means as shall be required to properly restore and secure against 
 sinkage the street and sidewalk, pavement, curb and flagging necessary 
 to be replaced in consequence of making such excavation, opening 
 or disturbance; which deposit shall be a full discharge of all liability 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 and claim against the person or persons making such deposit and 
 payment for the work herein provided for and required of the Depart- 
 ment aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 149. The said Borough Presidents shall deposit weekly with 
 the City Chamberlain all moneys received under the last preceding 
 section, an account of which moneys shall be kept separate and distinct 
 from all other funds and accounts whatsoever by the said Borough 
 Presidents, and the City Chamberlain, who shall receive the same as 
 a "Special Fund" in respect to each Department separately, which 
 is hereby created and established subject to such payments as here- 
 inafter provided for. 
 
 Sec. 150. Whenever any pavement, sidewalk, curb or gutter in any 
 street, avenue or public place shall be taken up. it shall be the duty 
 of the Borough President, within whose jurisdiction said street or. 
 avenue is, to restore such pavement, sidewalk, curb or gutter to 'its 
 proper condition as soon thereafter as is practicable, requiring the 
 person or persons by whom or for whose benefit the same is removed 
 to deposit the material composing the superstructure without break- 
 ing or injuring the same, and in a manner which will occasion the 
 least inconvenience to the public, and to fill in any excavation, and 
 to leave the same properly packed, rammed and repaired for the 
 repaving required. And the said Borough Presidents are hereby 
 authorized to establish such rules and regulations as in their judg- 
 ment shall be deemed necessary for the purpose of carrying out the 
 provisions of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 151. Such sums as shall be certified by the said Borough 
 Presidents to have been necessarily expended by him or them for 
 any repaving done pursuant to this ordinance, shall be paid from the 
 Special Fund hereby created upon the requisition of the said Borough 
 Presidents, as the case may be, after examination, audit and allow- 
 ance of accounts by the Finance Department, in the same manner 
 that payments are or shall be required by law to be made from the 
 City Treasury; provided, that the amount so certified and paid shall 
 not exceed the aggregate amount of such Special Fund. 
 
 /Trticle 5 — Sewers and Drains. 
 
 Sec. 152. All sewers and drains in any of the streets, avenues or 
 public places in the City shall be under the charge of the President 
 of the Borough in which the same are situated, and said Borough 
 Presidents in their respective territories shall keep the same in good 
 order and condition, and clean and free from obstructions, and shall 
 cause such repairs to be made to them and to the receiving basins, 
 culverts and openings connected therewith, as may from time to time 
 become necessary. Such sewer culverts shall be cleaned at night and 
 not in the daytime. 
 
32 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 153. The said Borough Presidents shall prescribe the mode 
 of piercing or opening any of the sewers or drains in their respective 
 territories, and the form, size and material of which connections there- 
 with shall be composed, and shall have authority to grant permission 
 to make lateral connections with said sewers. 
 
 Sec. 154. The said Borough Presidents may grant permission to 
 persons to construct at their own expense sewers or drains, or to lay 
 pipes to connect with any sewers or drains built in any of the streets 
 or avenues in the City under their respective supervision, on being 
 furnished with the written consent of the owners of a majority of 
 the property upon the street through which such sewer, drain or pipe 
 is to pass; but such permission shall not be granted except upon the 
 agreement, in writing, of the persons applying therefor, that they 
 shall comply with the ordinances in relation to excavating the streets., 
 fhat they will indemnify the Corporation for any damages or costs 
 to which they may be put by reason of injuries resulting from neglect 
 or carelessness in performing the work so permitted; and that no 
 claim will be made by them or their successors in interest against 
 the Corporation, if the work so permitted be taken up by the authority 
 of the Board of Aldermen, or for exemption from an assessment 
 lawfully imposed for constructing sewers or drains in the vicinity 
 of their property; and upon further condition that the Board of 
 Aldermen nvay at any time revoke and annul such permission, and 
 direct such sewers, drains or pipes to be taken up or removed. 
 
 Sec. 155. Each of the said Borough Presidents shall keep a 
 record of all permits granted for connection with sewers or drains, 
 in which he shall enter the names of all persons from whom he may 
 receive money for such permits, with the amount received from each 
 person and the time when it was received. He shall render an account 
 thereof, under oath, item by item, to the Comptroller, on Thursday 
 of each week and shall thereupon pay over the amount so received 
 to the Chamberlain. He shall also thereupon receive from the 
 Chamberlain a voucher for the payment thereof, which he shall forth- 
 with on the same day exhibit to the Comptroller, and shall at the 
 same time leave with him a copy thereof. • 
 
 Sec. 156. Xo connection shall be made with any sewer or drain 
 without the written permission of the Borough President having 
 jurisdiction as aforesaid; and any connection or opening made into 
 any sewer or drain without such permission, or in a manner different 
 from the mode prescribed for such opening by said Borough Presi- 
 dent, shall subject the person making the same and the owner of 
 the premises directing it, respectively, to a penalty of $50. 
 
 Sec. 157. All openings into any sewers or drains, for the purpose 
 of making connections therewith, from any house, cellar, vault, yard 
 or other premises, shall be made by persons licensed by the several 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XKYY YORK. 33 
 
 Borough President, in writing, to perform such work: and the said 
 persons, before being so licensed, shall execute a bond to the City 
 in the sum of $1,000, with one or more sureties, to be approved by 
 the Borough President issuing such license, conditioned that they will 
 carefully make the openings into any sewers or drains in the manner 
 prescribed by the Borough President having jurisdiction to permit 
 such openings to be made., without injuring them, leave no obstruc- 
 tions of any description whatever in them, and properly close up 
 the sewer or drain around the connection made by them and make 
 no opening into the arch of any sewer or drain; that they will faith- 
 fully comply with the ordinances relating to opening and excavating 
 streets'; be responsible for any damages or injuries that may accrue 
 to persons, animals or property, by reason of any opening in any 
 street, lane or avenue made by him or those in his employment; and 
 that they will properly refill and ram the earth, and suitably restore 
 the pavement taken up for excavating, and repave the same, should 
 it settle or become out of order within six months thereafter; and in 
 case any person so licensed shall neglect to repair the pavement 
 aforesaid within twenty-four hours after being notified, the Borough 
 President in whose territory the same is located may cause the same 
 to be done and charge the expense thereof to the person so neglecting. 
 
 Sec. 158. Ten dollars shall be paid to the Borough President 
 granting the permit for permission to connect each house, store or 
 building with any sewer or drain. Each hotel, boarding-house or 
 public building covering more ground than 25 feet by 50 feet shall 
 pay proportionately for such additional space of ground covered by 
 each respectively. Manufactories, breweries, distilleries and the like, 
 for permission to connect with sewers or drains, for the purpose of 
 carrying off waters or fluids that will not deposit sediment or obstruc- 
 tion, shall pay such sums as shall be fixed and determined by said 
 Borough President. And any manufacturer, brewer, distiller, or the 
 like, permitting any substance to flow into any sewer, drain or 
 receiving basin, which shall form a deposit that tends to fill said 
 sewer, drain or basin, shall be subject to a penalty of $50 for each 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 159. All connections with sewers or drains, used for the 
 purpose of carrying off animal refuse from water closets, or other- 
 wise, and slops from kitchens, shall have fixtures for a sufficiency 
 of Croton water, to be so applied as to properly carry off such matters, 
 under the penalty of $5 for each day the same are permitted to remain 
 without such fixtures for supplying said water. 
 
 Sec. 160. Xo butcher's offal or garbage, dead animals or obstruc- 
 tions of any kind whatsoever, shall be placed, thrown or deposited in 
 any receiving basin or sewer; and any person so offending or causing 
 
J4 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 such obstruction or substance to be placed so as to be carried into 
 .such basin or sewer shall be subject to a penalty of $10 for each 
 offense; and any person injuring, breaking or removing any portion 
 of any receiving basin, covering, flag, manhole, vent, or any part of 
 any sewer or drain, or obstructing the mouth of any sewer or drain, 
 shall be subject to a penalty of $20 for each offense; nor shall any 
 quantity of marble or other stone, iron. lead, timber or any other 
 substance exceeding one ton in weight be placed or deposited upon 
 any wharf or bulkhead through which any sewer or drain may run; 
 nor upon or over any sewer or drain where the same shall be within 
 3 feet of the surface of the street, under penalty of $50 for each 
 offense, to be recovered of the person or persons causing or per- 
 mitting the same. 
 
 Sec. 161. It shall be the duty of the Policemen to be vigilant n 
 the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter, and report any vio- 
 lations thereof to the Corporation Counsel. The captains of the sev- 
 eral police precincts shall, observing or being informed of the opening 
 of or excavating in any street or avenue, require the person making such 
 opening or excavation to exhibit to him the authority, or permission for 
 such opening ; and if none have been given by the proper officer, or if the 
 exhibition thereof be refused, said Captain of Police shall, without delay, 
 make complaint to the Corporation Counsel and report the same to the 
 President 'of the Borough in which the violation occurs. 
 
 Sec. 162. It shall be the duty of every person having charge of the 
 sweeping of the streets in the several wards to see that the gutters 
 are properly scraped out before the water is suffered to flow from any 
 hydrant for the purpose of washing the same, in order that no sub- 
 stance or obstruction be carried into any of the receiving basins; every 
 person violating this section to be subject to a penalty of $5 for each 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 163. Whenever any sewer, culvert, water mains or pipes are 
 to be constructed, altered or repaired in any street in The City of New 
 York in which the gas pipes oi gaslight companies are laid, or when- 
 ever any such street shall be regulated or graded, it shall be the duty 
 of the contractor or contractors thereof to give such notice, in writ- 
 ing, of the same to the said companies, or to the one whose pipes are 
 laid in the street about being disturbed by the construction, altera- 
 tion or repairing, of such sewer, culvert, water mains or pipes, or by 
 the regulating or grading thereof, at least twenty-four hours before 
 breaking ground therefor. 
 
 Sec. 164. It shall be the duty of the said gas companies, or the 
 one whose pipes are about to be disturbed by the construction, alter- 
 ation or repairing of any sewer, culvert, water main or pipe, or the 
 regulating or grading of any street, on the receipt of the notice pro- 
 vided for in the preceding section, to remove or otherwise protect 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 35 
 
 and replace the main and service pipes, lamp-posts and lamps, where 
 necessary, under the direction of the Borough President. The com- 
 pany notified in accordance with the preceding section shall comply 
 with such notice by causing pipes, lamp-posts and lamps to be pro- 
 tected and replaced, where necessary, during the progress of the work. 
 
 Sec. 165. The preceding provisions shall be made part of every 
 contract hereafter made for constructing, altering or repairing any 
 sewer or culvert, water mains or pipes in any street of this City in 
 which the pipes of gaslight companies shall be laid at the time of 
 making such contract, or for the regulating or grading of any such 
 street. 
 
 Sec. 166. Tt shall be the duty of the person or persons by whom 
 or for whose benefit any excavation is to be made for constructing, 
 altering or repairing a vault, waste pipe or drain in any street in this 
 City, to give notice, in writing, thereof to the company whose pipes 
 are laid in the street about to be disturbed by the construction, alter- 
 ation or repairing of such vault, waste pipe or drain, at least twenty- 
 four hours before commencing the same; and such person or persons 
 shall, at his or their expense, sustain, secure and protect said pipes 
 from injury, and replace and pack the earth wherever the same shall 
 have been removed, loosened or disturbed, under or around them, so 
 that such pipes shall be we'll and substantially supported; and if such 
 person or persons shall fail to sustain, secure or protect said pipes 
 from injur}-, or to replace and pack the earth under or around them, 
 as by the provisions of this section required, then the same may be 
 done by the company to whom the same may belong, and the cost 
 thereof, and all damages sustained by either of said companies there- 
 by, shall be paid by said person or persons to said company: and the 
 said company may in default thereof, maintain an action against him 
 or them therefor. 
 
 Sec. 167. The provisions of the last preceding section shall be 
 made part and a condition of every permit that shall hereafter be 
 granted to any person or persons for making any excavation for the 
 construction, alteration or repairing any vault, waste pipe or drain in 
 any streets in which the pipes of either of the said companies shall be 
 laid at the time of granting said permits provided said company or 
 either of them provide such permits or pay a just proportion therefor. 
 
 Sec. 168. No connection with or opening into any sewer or drain 
 >hall be used for the conveyance or discharge into said sewer or drain 
 of steam or hot water above one hundred degrees Fahrenheit from 
 any boiler or engine, or from any manufactory or building in which 
 steam is either used or generated, or to discharge or permit to escape 
 into any sewer or drain, or into any public street, steam from any 
 stop cock, valve or other opening in any steam pipe or main, under 
 the penalty of $50 for each and every day during any part of which 
 
36 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 such connection or opening may have been used for that purpose; and 
 the Borough President having jurisdiction of said street or sewer is 
 hereby authorized and directed, upon the expiration of five days after 
 notice to discontinue the discharge of steam or hot water from any 
 connection to cancel the permit, and to close up and remove the same 
 if such discharge of steam or hot water from such connection shall not 
 have been discontinued. This penalty shall be imposed and recovered 
 from the owner and occupants severally and respectively of such man- 
 ufactory or building, or from any corporation having mains for the 
 conveyance of steam or hot water in the streets, avenues or public 
 places. 
 
 Article 6 — Vaults, Cisterns and Areas. 
 
 Sec. 169. The Presidents of the respective Boroughs, on application 
 for that purpose, are empowered to give permission to construct any 
 vaults or cisterns in the streets within their respective territories, pro- 
 vided, in the opinion of the Borough President granting such permit, 
 no injury will come to the public thereby. 
 
 Sec. 170. Xo person shall cause or procure any vault or cistern 
 to be constructed or made in any of the streets of The City of New 
 York, without the written permission of the Borough President hav- 
 ing jurisdiction thereof, under the penalty of $100, to be sued for and 
 recovered from such person and the master builder or person who 
 made the same, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 171. Every application for permission to erect such vault or 
 cistern shall be in writing, signed by the person making the same, and 
 shall state the number of square feet of ground which is required for 
 the same, and intended length and width of the same. 
 
 Sec. 172. After obtaining permission to construct or make such 
 vault or cistern, and previous to the commencement thereof, the per- 
 son so applying shall forthwith pay to the Borough President grant- 
 ing the permit therefor such sum as he shall certify in the said permis- 
 sion to be a just compensation to the City for such privilege, calcu- 
 lated at the rate of not less than 30 cents, nor more than $2 per foot, 
 for each square foot of ground mentioned as required for such vault 
 or cistern, under the penalty of $100. 
 
 Sec. 173. No person shall erect or build, or cause or permit any 
 vault or cistern to be made which shall extend further than the line of 
 the sidewalk or curbstone of any street, under the penalty of $100. 
 horse to water severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 174. It shall be the duty of every person for whom any vault 
 or cistern may be in process of construction to procure the same to 
 be measured by one of the City Surveyors, and to deliver to the Bor- 
 ough President granting the permit therefor a certificate of the said 
 measurement, signed by such Surveyor, before the arching of such 
 vault or cistern be commenced, under the penalty of $100. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 37 
 
 Sec. 175. If it shall appear by such certificate or otherwise that 
 such vault or cistern occupies a greater number of square feet than 
 shall have been paid for as aforesaid, the owner of such vault or cis- 
 tern, and the master builder by whom or under whose direction such 
 vault or cistern shall be constructed, shall in addition to the penalty 
 imposed by this article." severally and respectively forfeit and pay twice 
 the sum previously paid for each square foot of ground occupied by 
 such vault or cistern over and above the number of square feet paid 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 176. All vaults or cisterns shall be constructed of brick or 
 stone, and the outward side of the grating or opening into the street 
 shall be either within 12 inches of the outside of the curbstone of the 
 sidewalk or within 12 inches of the coping of the area in front of the 
 "house to which such vault shall belong, under the penalty of $100, to 
 be paid by the owner or person making or causing the same to be 
 made. 
 
 Sec. 177. All grates of vaults shall be made of iron, the bars 
 whereof shall be three-fourths of an inch wide and one-half of an inch 
 thick, and not more than three-quarters of an inch apart, under the 
 penalty of $25, to be paid by the owner of the vault or occupant of 
 the house to which the same shall belong, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 178. Every owner or occupant of any house or lot of ground 
 within the paved streets of The City of New York, before which any 
 vault, pit, hole, cistern or well, shall, during the whole of every night 
 while such vault, pit. hole, cistern or well shall be opened or uncov- 
 ered, cause a lighted lamp or lantern to be placed and kept at some 
 convenient spot, so as to cast its light upon such vault, pit, hole, cis- 
 tern or well, under penalty of $10. 
 
 Sec. 179. All vaults and cisterns shall be completed and the 
 ground closed over them within three weeks after they are commenced, 
 under the penalty of $5 for every day thereafter during which the 
 same shall remain uninclosed, to be recovered from the owner or 
 builder of the same, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 180. No area in the front of any building in The City of New 
 York shall extend more than one-fifteenth part of the width of any 
 street, nor in any case more than 5 feet, measuring from the inner wall 
 of such area to the building, nor shall the railing of such area be placed 
 more than 6 inches from the inside of the coping on the wall of such 
 area, under penalty of $100. to be recovered from the owner and builder 
 thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 181. No areas, steps, courtyards or other projections, except 
 show windows, not exceeding 18 inches in width, and signs not pro- 
 jecting over 12 inches from the house line, shall hereafter be built, 
 ■erected or made upon Broadway, to the south of Fifty-ninth street. 
 
38 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 in the Borough of Manhattan, and that all buildings hereafter erected 
 shall conform to and be upon the street line of such street. 
 
 Sec. 182. Any person or persons who shall hereafter make, build 
 or erect any area, steps, stoop, courtyard or other projection, in con- 
 travention of this ordinance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
 shall in addition thereto, be liable for a -penalty of $10 for such of- 
 fense and for $10 for each and every day that such offense shall 
 continue. 
 
 Sec. 183. That no areas, steps, courtyards or other projections, 
 except show windows not exceeding 18 inches in width, and signs not 
 projecting more than 12 inches from the house line, shall hereafter be 
 built, erected or made upon Fourteenth street, between Broadway and 
 Sixth avenue, in the Borough of Manhattan. 
 
 Sec. 184. That any person or persons who shall make, build or 
 erect any area, steps, stoop, courtyard or other projection, in contra- 
 vention of this ordinance, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, 
 in addition thereto, be liable for a penalty of $10 for such offense, and 
 for $10 for each and every day that such offense shall continue. 
 
 Sec. 185. Every area shall be inclosed with a railing, the gate of 
 which shall be so constructed as to open inwardly, under the penalty 
 of $100 for each offense, to be recovered from the owner or builder 
 thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 186. Every description of opening below the surface of the 
 street in front of any shop, store, house or other building, if covered 
 over, shall be considered and held to be a vault or cistern within the 
 meaning of this article; and the master builder or owner, or person 
 for whom the same shall be made or built, shall be liable to the pro- 
 visions, payments and penalties of this article severally and re- 
 spectively. 
 
 Sec. 187. The last preceding section of this chapter shall not be 
 construed to refer to those openings which are used exclusively as 
 places for descending to the cellar floor of any building or buildings 
 by means of steps. 
 
 Sec. 188. No person shall remove, or cause or procure, or suffer 
 or permit to be removed or insecurely fixed, so that the same can be 
 removed in its bed, any grate or covering to the opening or aperture 
 of any vault in The City of New York, under the penalty of $10. 
 
 Sec. 189. The last preceding secton of this article shall not be 
 construed to prevent the removal of such grate or covering, provided 
 the aperture to such vault during the removal of such grate or cover- 
 ing, shall be inclosed with a strong box or curb at least 12 inches high. 
 
 Sec. 190. No person shall suffer or permit any grate or covering 
 to any vault to be removed therefrom, or insecurely fixed thereon, so 
 that the same can be moved in its bed. within one hour before sunset 
 on any day, under the penalty of $20 to be sued for and recovered 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 30 
 
 from the owner and occupant of the house to which such vault shall 
 belong, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 191. The Commissioner of Police is hereby directed to re- 
 port to the President of the Borough in which the same is situated the 
 owners or occupants of any store, dwelling or other buildings having 
 vaults under the sidewalks in front thereof with covering over the 
 opening thereto presenting a smooth surface, and the said Borough 
 President is hereby directed, immediately after receiving such report 
 to notify such owners or occupants to remove such coverings, and 
 substitute therefor coverings presenting a rough surface, and affording 
 a secure footing for pedestrians. Should any owner or occupant neg- 
 lect or refuse to comply with the directions contained in such notifi- 
 cation for a period of six months, he shall suffer a penalty of $5 for 
 every twenty-four hours in excess of said six months that such neg- 
 lect or refusal shall continue; and it is hereby made the duty of the 
 said Borough President to cause to be reported every violation of the 
 provision of this ordinance to the Corporation Counsel for prose- 
 cution. 
 
 Sec. 192."" In all cases where the owners of property shall, in the 
 erection of dwellings, set the same back from the line of the streets 
 or avenues a distance of 3 feet and upward, for the purpose of orna- 
 mental court yards, they shall be permitted to inclose for such pur- 
 pose, with a neat railing, in addition to the space receded from, so 
 much of the sidewalk in front as is allowed by ordinance for stoops, 
 the gates of such inclosure to be so constructed as to open inwardly, 
 under the penalty of $100 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 193. No person or persons shall construct or continue any 
 cellar door which shall extend more than one-twelfth part of any 
 street, or more than 5 feet into any street, under the penalty of $100 
 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 194. Every entrance or flight of steps projecting beyond the 
 line of the street and descending into any cellar or basement story of 
 any house or other building where such entrance or flight of steps shall 
 not be covered, shall be inclosed with a railing on each side, perma- 
 nently put up, from 3 to 3 1-2 feet high, with a gate to open inwardly, 
 or with two iron chains across the front of the entrance-way, one near 
 the top and one in the centre of the railing, to be closed during the 
 night, unless there be a burning light over the steps, to prevent acci- 
 dents, under the penalty of $20 for every offense, to be recovered from 
 the owner, assigns or lessee thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Article 7 — Public Wells, Pumps, Cisterns and Hydrants. 
 
 Sec. 195. All applications for wells and pumps in any part of The 
 City of New York shall be made to the Borough Presidents. 
 
4o ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 196. All public wells hereafter built by order of the Borough 
 Presidents shall be examined and inspected by the Commissioner of 
 Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, and shall be paid for by the same 
 .Borough Presidents in the usual manner, on receiving from the said 
 Commissioner a certificate of his approval of the work and that the 
 same is built in conformity to law; the said work to be done in ac- 
 cordance with the provisions of law and ordinances as to all work 
 done for the Corporation. 
 
 Sec. 197. Xo public well shall hereafter be built in any of the 
 avenues of this City. 
 
 Sec. 198. No person shall build any well in any of the avenues 
 of this City, under a penalty of $50, and the President of the Borough 
 in which the same is located shall cause the same in all cases to be 
 filled up. 
 
 Sec. 199. No person or persons shall take the water from any 
 public well, pump or cistern in The City of New York for the purpose 
 of selling or offering the same for sale, under the penalty of $25 for 
 each offense. 
 
 Sec. 200. No person shall take or use the water from any public 
 cistern or hydrant, except in case of fire and for the purpose of extin- 
 guishing the same, under the penalty of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 201. No person shall wilfully do, or cause or suffer to be 
 done, any damage to any of the public pumps in The City of New 
 York, under the penalty of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 202. Every person who shall place or assist in placing, or 
 cause or procure to be placed, any hogshead, barrel, tub or other ves- 
 sel of greater capacity than 10 gallons, in any street of The City of 
 New York, within 25 feet of any public well or pump, for the purpose 
 of filling the same with water from any such well or pump or who 
 shall put. or cause to be put, into any such vessel any water from such 
 well or pump, shall forfeit and pay the sum of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 203. The last preceding section shall not be construed to 
 prevent the immediate filling of any vessel therein mentioned, provided 
 the same be forthwith removed. 
 
 Sec. 204. If any person, except one of the engineers or foremen 
 of the fire companies, shall unscrew any of the hydrants belonging or 
 attached to the Corporation water works created for the extinguish- 
 ment of fires, or interfere with the same, or any part of the works be- 
 longing to the said establishment, whereby the said establishment, or 
 any or either of the pipes, hydrants, stop cocks, or any part of the 
 works may be injured, or the water taken therefrom or wasted, they 
 shall be liable to a penalty of $50 for each and every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 205. No person shall wash, or cause or procure or permit 
 to be washed, any horse or carriage within 25 feet of any pump in any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 street in The City of New York, under the penalty of $10 for every 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 206. No person shall water, or suffer or permit any horse to 
 drink or to be watered at or within 10 feet of any pump or well in any 
 street of The City of New York, under the penalty of $5 for each of- 
 fense, to be paid by the owner or person watering or permitting such 
 horse to water severally and resepectively. 
 
 Sec. 207. All persons are forbidden to open any street pavement 
 and bore any water pipe for the purpose of conducting the water into 
 any dwelling or other edifice, or any other use, under the penalty of 
 $5 for each offense, unless ' with written permission of the Commis- 
 sioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 
 
 Article 8— Public Baths. 
 
 Sec. 208. The President of the Borough in which the same arcr 
 situated is authorized to perfect and promulgate all suitable rules and 
 regulations governing the use of the free floating baths of the City, 
 and breaches of said rules and regulations shall be punishable by a fine 
 not exceeding $5 for one offense or by imprisonment not exceeding 
 one day. 
 
 Article 9 — The Erection of Barriers to Prevent Accidents. 
 
 Sec. 209. It shall be the duty of every person or persons engaged 
 in digging down any road or street, in paving any street, building any 
 sewer or drain, trench for water-pipes, or digging and building a well 
 in any of the public roads, streets or avenues, under contract with the 
 Corporation of this City, made through either or any of the Depart- 
 ments of the said Corporation, or by virtue of any permission which 
 may have been granted to them by the Mayor and Board of Aldermen, 
 or either of the said Departments or either of them, where such 
 work, if left exposed, would be dangerous to passengers, to erect a 
 fence or railing at such excavations or work in such a manner as to 
 prevent danger to passengers who may be traveling such streets., 
 roads or avenues and to continue and uphold the said railing or fence 
 until the work shall be completed or the obstruction or danger re- 
 moved. And it shall also be the duty of such persons to place upon 
 such railing or fence at twilight in the evening suitable and sufficient 
 lights, and keep them burning through the night during the perform- 
 ance of said work, under the penalty of $100 for every neglect. 
 
 Sec. 210. The provisions of the preceding section shall apply to 
 every person engaged in building any vault or constructing any lateral 
 drain from any cellar to any public sewer, or who shall perform any 
 work causing obstructions in the public streets by virtue of any per- 
 mit from any Executive Department, and also to all public or Corpo- 
 
4-> 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 ration officers engaged in performing any work in behalf of the Cor- 
 poration whereby obstructions or excavations shall be made in the 
 public streets. 
 
 Sec. 211. The extent to which such railing or fence shall be built 
 
 in the several cases is hereby defined as follows, to wit: 
 
 1. In digging down any street or road by placing the same along 
 the upper bank of such excavation, or by extending the fence so far 
 across the street or road as to prevent persons from traveling such 
 portion as would be dangerous. 
 
 2. In paving any street or avenue by extending it across the 
 carriage-way of such street or avenue, or if but a portion of the width 
 of such carriage-way be obstructed across such portion, in which case 
 the obstruction shall be so arranged as to leave a passageway through, 
 as nearly as may be, of uniform width. 
 
 3. In building a sewer by placing it across t he carriage-way at 
 the ends of such excavation as shall be made. 
 
 4. In building a well by inclosing the same and the obstructions 
 connected therewith on one or more sides. 
 
 5. In building vaults by inclosing the ground taken from the 
 vaults. 
 
 6. In placing building materials in the streets, the said material 
 shall be so placed as to occupy not more than one-third of the width 
 of the carriage-way of the street or avenue. In streets or avenues 
 where railroads occur, said materials shall not be placed nearer to the 
 track than two feet. In all cases sufficient lights shall be placed upon 
 such building materials, and kept burning through the night, as pro- 
 vided in the preceding sections. It shall be lawful for persons who 
 desire to erect large buildings to erect and maintain a bridge, not to 
 exceed 7 feet in height above the sidewalk, and 6 feet in width, extend- 
 ing the whole length of the proposed building; the steps leading to 
 the same to rest upon the sidewalk of the adjoining premises. 
 
 Sec. 212. In all cases where any person or persons shall perform 
 any of the work mentioned in the preceding sections, either under 
 contracts with the Corporation or by virtue of permission obtained 
 from the Mayor and the Board of Aldermen, or either of the Depart- 
 ments, such persons shall be answerable for any and every damage 
 which may be occasioned to persons, animals or property by reason of 
 carelessness in any manner connected with the said work. 
 
 Sec. 213. It shall be the duty of the Borough President having 
 charge of the particular class of improvements to see that the require- 
 ments contained in this article in regard to the erection of fencing and 
 placing lights, in all cases be complied with severally, under the pen- 
 alty of $50 for each and every neglect. 
 
 Sec. 214. It shall be the duty of the said Borough President, when 
 any of the work referred to in any of the preceding sections shall be 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 performed, whether for digging down streets or roads, paving streets, 
 building sewers and building wells, or digging trenches for water pipes, 
 by persons under contract with the Corporation, or for building 
 vaults or placing building materials in streets, or constructing drains, 
 or any other work for forming an obstruction to the said street, by 
 virtue of permission duly obtained, to see that the requirements of this 
 chapter, in regard to erecting the necessary fences and placing the 
 necessary lights, be complied with, and to make necessary complaint 
 to the Corporation Counsel for any omission on the part of the per- 
 son referred to, under the penalty of $50 for every neglect. 
 
 Sec. 215. In all contracts for paving streets, constructing sewers, 
 and building wells and pumps, or for doing any other work whereby 
 accidents or injuries may happen in consequence of any neglect or 
 carelessness during the performance thereof, it shall be the duty of 
 the Departments by whom such contracts arc made to insert a cove- 
 nant requiring the contractor or contractors to place proper guards for 
 the prevention of accidents, and to put up and keep suitable and suffi- 
 cient lights burning at night during the performance of the work, and 
 that they will keep the Corporation harmless and indemnified against 
 all loss and damage which may be occasioned by reason of any un- 
 skillfulness or carelessness in any manner connected with the exe- 
 cution and completion of the work. 
 
 Sec. 216. In all contracts for digging down any road or street., 
 where such digging, if left exposed, would be dangerous to passengers, 
 the heads of the proper Department shall insert a covenant whereby 
 the contractors shall be bound, at their own expense, to erect a fence 
 or railing across the street, in such a manner as to prevent danger to 
 passengers, and so to continue and uphold the said fence or railing 
 until the street is completed. 
 
 Sec. 217. A like fence or railing shall be put up and upheld in all 
 cases in which a road or street is dug out at the cost of the Corpora- 
 tion. 
 
 Sec. 218. In all contracts for the work for the Corporation upon 
 any public building, or in any public street, in the performance of 
 which accidents or injuries may happen to the person or property of 
 another, a provision shall be inserted that the contractor shall place 
 proper guards for the prevention of accidents, and shall put up and 
 keep at night suitable and sufficient lights during the performance of 
 the work; and that he will indemnify the Corporation for damages 
 or costs to which they may be put by reason of injury to person or 
 property of another resulting from negligence or carelessness in the 
 performance of the work. 
 
 Article 10 — The Bureau of Incumbrances. 
 1. Incumbering the Streets. 
 
 Sec. 219. No person shall incumber or obstruct any street, road- 
 
44 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 way or sidewalk which has been opened, regulated or graded, accord- 
 ing to law, in The City of New York, with any article or thing what- 
 soever, except as provided in section 262 of these ordinances, without 
 first having obtained written permission from the President of the 
 Borough in which such street, roadway or sidewalk is situated, under 
 the penalty of $5 for each offense, and a further penalty of $5 for each 
 day or part of a day such obstruction or encumbrance shall continue. 
 
 Sec. 220. No post shall be erected or put up in any of the streets, 
 roads, lanes, or highways in The City of New York, unless under the 
 direction of the President of the Borough in which such post is to be 
 erected, under the penalty of $5 for every such post. 
 
 Sec. 221. The President of any Borough, whenever directed by 
 the Board of Aldermen, shall order any step-stones used for entering 
 carriages, any railing or fence, any sign, sign-post, or other post, any 
 area, bay window or other window, porch, cellar door, platform, stoop 
 or step, or any other thing which may incumber or obstruct any street, 
 to be altered or removed therefrom, within such time as may be lim- 
 ited by the Board of Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. 222. The order of direction mentioned in the last preceding 
 section shall be in writing, and shall be served personally or by leav- 
 ing it at the house or place of business of the owner, occupant or per- 
 son having charge of the house or lot in front of which step-stone or 
 other incumbrance or obstruction may be, or by posting the said 
 notice or order upon such step-stone or other incumbrance or ob- 
 struction. 
 
 Sec. 223. If any owner, occupant or person having charge of any 
 such house or lot in The City of New York shall refuse or neglect to 
 obey or comply with such notice or order, he. she or they shall for- 
 feit and pay the sum of $10, and the further sum of $5 for each and 
 every day, from and after the time limited and appointed in said order, 
 until the same shall have been complied with. 
 
 2. Bay and Show Windows. 
 
 Sec. 224. The Borough Presidents and the Park Commissioners 
 having jurisdiction, shall issue permits for the erection of bay windows 
 projecting beyond the building line, provided in the opinion of the 
 officer having jurisdiction no injury will come to the public thereby. 
 Permits for the erection of bay "windows lying within any park, square 
 or public place, or within a distance of 350 feet from the outer bound- 
 aries thereof, shall be issued by the Park Commissioner having juris- 
 diction, as provided in section 612 of the Charter, as amended by 
 section I. chapter 723 of the Laws of 1901. Permits for the erection 
 of all other bay windows shall be issued by the Borough President 
 having jurisdiction. 
 
 For the purposes of this ordinance a "bay window'' shall be taken 
 to mean and include all projections on the face of a building in the 
 
ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 45 
 
 nature of windows, such as are commonly called bay windows, show 
 windows, oriel windows and bow windows, without regard to the 
 material of which they are constructed or to the purposes for which 
 they are to be used. 
 
 Sec. 225. Before the erection of any bay window projecting be- 
 yond the building line shall have been commenced, the owner or his 
 duly authorized agent shall make application in writing to the officer 
 having jurisdiction, on suitable blanks furnished by him, and shall 
 state the length and width of the proposed bay window, the number 
 of stories through which it is intended to be carried, and the number 
 of square feet of area covered by that portion of the bay window 
 projecting beyond the building line. Drawings showing the size of 
 and area covered by the bay window, the number of stories through 
 which it is proposed to be carried and its location in reference to 
 the lot and building lines shall be submitted with each application, 
 and for the purpose of computing the area covered by a bay window 
 projecting beyond the building line the outside face of the bay. exclu- 
 sive of cornices, pilasters, trims, etc., shall be the line taken as a 
 basis of computation. 
 
 Each application for the erection of a bay window projecting 
 mdre than one foot beyond the building line shall have indorsed 
 thereon the consent of all the adjoining property owners within .« 
 distance of 50 feet from the centre of the bay window, on the same 
 side of the street, meaning thereby so much of the side of a street as 
 is unintersected by any other street on which it is proposed to erect. 
 
 Each application shall be accompanied by the amount of the com- 
 pensation due the City for the privilege of erecting said bay window, 
 as hereinafter provided. 
 
 Sec. 226. Each application for the erection of a bay window 
 projecting more than one foot beyond the building line shall be accom- 
 panied by a certified copy of the last assessed valuation of the prop- 
 erty on which said bay window is to be erected, which appears upon 
 the books of the Department of Taxes and Assessments. Except as 
 hereinafter provided the amount that shall be paid as a compensation 
 to the City for the privilege of erecting each bay window shall be at 
 the rate of 10 per cent, of the assessed value per square foot of the 
 property on which the said bay window is to be erected, for each and 
 every square foot, or fraction thereof, of area covered by said bay 
 window beyond the building line for each and every story through 
 which it is carried. 
 
 If the projection of a bay window does not exceed one foot 
 beyond the building line, and it is not carried higher than the sill of 
 the second-story windows, the rate throughout The City of New 
 
46 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 York shall he 10 cents for each square foot or fraction thereof of 
 horizontal area covered by said bay windows beyond the building- 
 line. 
 
 Sec. 227. Bay windows may be hereafter erected with a projec- 
 tion of not more than 3 feet beyond the building line, provided that 
 when the projection exceeds 1 foot beyond the building line the total 
 number of feet in width occupied by all the bay windows on the same 
 frontage of the same building shall not exceed 75 per cent, of the 
 width of the frontage of the building on which they are located, the 
 (projection shall not exceed 1 foot beyond the building line, nor shall 
 the bay window be carried higher than the sill course of the second- 
 story windows. 
 
 Sec. 228. Permits for the erection of bay windows shall be issued 
 in duplicate, one of which shall be retained by the applicant and kept 
 •it the building during the erection of the window, and the other 
 shall be filed by him. with the plans for the construction of the win- 
 dow ,in the Department of Buildings. If it shall appear, upon com- 
 pletion, that the bay window occupies a greater number of stories 
 ■than shall have been paid for the applicant shall pay twice the sum 
 previously paid for each square foot of area occupied by said window 
 over and above the number of square feet paid for originally. 
 
 Sec. 229. Permits granted pursuant to the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance are revocable permits, and shall have the following clause 
 printed thereon, viz.: "This permit is issued subject to revocation 
 thereof at any time hereafter by the Board of Aldermen of The City 
 of New York, upon the recommendation of the officer having juris- 
 diction, when the space occupied by said bay window, or any portion 
 thereof, may be required for any public improvement, or, upon any 
 \iolation of any of the terms or conditions upon which this permit is 
 issued." A permit for the erection of a bay window shall be deemed 
 to have expired when the bay window is taken down, and the space 
 formerly occupied thereby shall no longer be used for the purpose for 
 which the permit was issued, unless a permit for its reconstruction 
 shall have been granted as provided in section 7 of this ordinance. 
 In case it is thereafter desired to erect a bay window on the said 
 property, the applicant shall comply with all the provisions of this 
 ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 230. Permits for the reconstruction of now existing bay win- 
 dows as defined by this ordinance, and for the reconstruction of all 
 bay windows which shall be hereafter erected under the provisions 
 of this ordinance, shall be issued by the officer haying jurisdiction, 
 without the applicant's obtaining the consent of adjoining property 
 owners, as provided in section 2 of this ordinance; provided, that the 
 bay window, when reconstructed, shall have no greater projection or 
 width, nor be carried through a greater number of stories, nor cover 
 
ORDIXAXCKS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 47 
 
 a greater area, than the window as orginally constructed. Am! 
 further provided, that no fee shall be charged for the reconstruction 
 of bay windows which have been erected under the provisions of this 
 ordinance, or for which a fee has been paid for the privilege of erecting 
 the same under the provisions of the laws in force at the time of the 
 erection of the said bay window. The restrictions specified under 
 section 4 of this ordinance shall not apply to the reconstruction of now 
 existing bay windows; but permits issued for the reconstruction of 
 now existing bay windows, for which no fee has heretofore been paid, 
 shall be paid for as provided in section 3 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 231. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to conflict 
 with the provisions of the Building Code, and all bay windows for 
 which permits are issued, under the provisions of this ordinance, shall 
 be erected in accordance with all the provisions of said Code in regard 
 to the kind and quality of materials used. No plans for the construc- 
 tion of a bay window as defined in this ordinance shall be approved 
 by the Superintendent of Buildings until the permit is filed, as pro- 
 vided by section 5 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 232. A permit for the continuance of any now existing bay 
 window which projects beyond the building line may be issued by 
 the officer who, according to section 1 of this ordinance, has juris- 
 diction over the erection of bay windows at the same place. Applica- 
 tion for such permit must be in writing, and must be accompanied 
 by a certified copy of the last assessed valuation of the property on 
 which such bay window stands, which appears upon the books of 
 the Department of Taxes and Assessments, and must also be accom- 
 panied by a survey showing the dimensions of such bay window and 
 the number of stories through which it is carried. The application 
 shall be accompanied by the amount of compensation due the City for 
 the privilege of continuing the bay window, calculated in the same 
 manner and at the same rate as are provided in sections 2 and 3 oi 
 this ordinance. Permits shall be issued under this section without 
 consent of adjoining property owners. Permits issued under this 
 section shall be subject to all of the provisions of section 6 of thi^ 
 ordinance, in like manner as are permits for the erection of bay win- 
 dows. Permits issued under this section shall be issued in duplicate, 
 and one of such duplicates shall be filed in the Department of Build 
 ings. All fees received under this section shall be accounted for an<i> 
 paid over as provided in section 9 of this ordinance. Nothing herein 
 contained shall be construed to revoke any permit or authority here- 
 tofore lawfully issued or given. 
 
 Sec. 233. All fees received by the Borough Presidents or the Park 
 Commissioners for the issuing of permits for the erection of bay 
 windows shall be accounted for in proper books kept for that purpose. 
 
4* 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF. NEW YORK. 
 
 and shall be turned over by them to the City Chamberlain and credited 
 to the General Fund. 
 
 Sec. 234. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the 
 provisions of this ordinance shall be liable to a fine of ten dollars ($10) 
 for each offense, and one dollar ($1) for each and every day that such 
 offense shall continue, which shall be duly sued for and collected. 
 3. Ornamental Projections. 
 
 Sec. 235. The Borough Presidents and the Park Commissioners 
 having jurisdiction shall, subject to the restrictions of this ordinance, 
 issue permits for the construction of ornamental projections which 
 project beyond the building line; provided, in the opinion of the officer 
 having jurisdiction, no injury will come to the public thereby. Per- 
 mits for the construction of such projections, lying within any park, 
 square or public place, or within a distance of 350 feet from the outer 
 boundaries thereof, shall be issued by the Park Commissioner having 
 jurisdiction, as provided in section 612 of the Charter, as amended by 
 section 1, chapter 723, of the Laws of 1901. Permits for the erection 
 of all other ornamental projections shall be issued by the Borough 
 President having jurisdiction. 
 
 For the purposes of this ordinance, "an ornamental projection" 
 shall be taken to mean and include all decorative projections on the 
 face of a building beyond the building line, in the nature of porches, 
 arches, porticos, pedestals, free-standing statuary, columns and pillars, 
 which are erected purely for the enhancement of the beauty of the 
 building from an artistic standpoint. 
 
 Sec. 236. Before the erection of any such ornamental projections 
 shall be commenced the owner of the building or his duly authorized 
 agent shall make applications in writing to the said Borough President 
 or Park Commissioner having jurisdiction, on suitable blanks fur 
 nished by him, for the permit herein provided for, and shall file a plan 
 and drawings showing the nature of the proposed ornament, with 
 the dimensions thereof, the number of stories through which it is 
 intended to be carried, the number of square feet of area covered by 
 that portion of the ornamentation projecting beyond the building line. 
 
 Each application shall be accompanied by the amount of com- 
 pensation due the City for the privilege of erecting said ornamenta- 
 tion, as hereinafter provided. 
 
 Sec. 237. Each application for the erection of an ornamental 
 projection which projects more than 1 foot beyond the building line, 
 shall be accompanied by a certified copy of the last assessed valuation 
 of the property on which said ornamental projection is to be erected, 
 which appears upon the books of the Department of Taxes and 
 Assessments. Except as hereinafter provided, the amount that shall 
 be paid as a compensation to the City for the privilege of erecting 
 each ornamental projection shall be, for each and every square foot 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 40 
 
 or fraction thereof of area extending more than I foot beyond the 
 "building line, at the rate of 10 per cent, per square foot of the assessed 
 value of the property on which the said ornamental projection is to 
 be erected. 
 
 Sec. 238. Ornamental projections which shall extend not more 
 than 2 feet beyond the building line may hereafter be erected on 
 buildings in the Borough of Manhattan, situated on Broadway, to the 
 south of Fifty-ninth street; on Fourteenth street, between Broadway 
 and Sixth avenue; on Twenty-third street between Third and 
 Sixth avenues; on Thirty-fourth street, between Third and Ninth 
 avenues; on Fifty-ninth street, between Third and Ninth avenues, and 
 on Fifth avenue, between Fourteenth street and Fifty-ninth street, and 
 on all other streets in The City of New York ornamental projections 
 may be erected, provided they shall extend not more than one-fifteenth 
 part of the width of the street they are upon, nor in any case more 
 than 5 feet beyond the building line. 
 
 Sec. 239. The permits mentioned herein shall be issued in dupli- 
 cate, one of which will be retained by the applicant and kept at the 
 building during the erection of the projection, and the other shall be 
 filed by him with the plans for the building in the Bureau of Buildings. 
 If it shall appear upon completion that the ornamental projection 
 occupies a greater number of square feet than shall have been paid 
 for, the applicant shall pay twice the sum previously paid for each 
 square foot of area occupied by said projection over and above the 
 number of square feet paid for originally, but in no case shall said 
 ornamental projection exceed the limit allowed by law. 
 
 Sec. 240. Permits granted pursuant to the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance are revocable permits, and shall have the *following clause 
 printed thereon, viz.: "This permit is issued subject to revocation 
 thereof, at any time hereafter by the Board of Aldermen of The City 
 of New York, upon the recommendation of the officer having juris- 
 diction, when the space occupied by said ornamental projection or 
 any portion thereof may be required for any public improvement, or 
 upon any violation of any of the terms or conditions upon which this 
 permit is issued." A permit for the erection of an ornamental pro- 
 jection shall be deemed to have expired when such projection is taken 
 down, and the space formerly occupied thereby shall no longer be 
 used for the purpose for which the permit was issued, unless a permit 
 for its reconstruction shall have been granted, as provided in section 
 8 of this ordinance. In case it is thereafter desired to erect an orna- 
 mental projection on the said property, the applicant shall comply 
 with all of the provisions of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 241. Permits as hereinbefore described, and subject to the 
 conditions therein attached, may be issued to the owners of all 
 buildings having ornamental projections, which buildings have been 
 
50 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 erected or are being erected, and have ornamental projections thereon 
 beyond the building line, without any authorization therefor. 
 
 Sec. 242. No fees shall be charged for granting a permit to re- 
 construct an ornamental projection within the limitations imposed 
 by an original permit therefor. 
 
 Sec. 243. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to conflict 
 with the provisions of the Building Code. No plans for the construc- 
 tion of a building having ornamental projections thereon, beyond the 
 building line as defined in this ordinance, shall be approved by the 
 Superintendent of Buildings until the permit therefor is filed, as pro- 
 vided by section 5 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 244. All fees received by the Borough Presidents or Park 
 Commissioners for the issuing of permits provided by this ordinance 
 shall be accounted for in proper books kept for that purpose and shall 
 be turned over by them to the City Chamberlain and credited to the 
 General Fund. 
 
 Sec. 245. Any person, firm or corporation violating any of the 
 provisions of this ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall 
 in addition thereto be liable to a penalty of $10 for each offence and 
 $10 for each and every day that such offense shall continue. 
 
 4. Porches, Platforms and Stoops. 
 
 Sec. 246. No person or persons shall hereafter construct any 
 porch over a cellar door, under the penalty of $100. 
 
 Sec. 247. No person or persons shall construct or continue any 
 platform, stoop or step in any street in The City of New York which 
 shall extend more than one-tenth part of the width of the street, nor 
 more than seven feet, nor with any other than open backs or sides_ 
 or railings, nor of greater width than is necessary for the purpose of 
 a convenient passageway into the house or building, nor any stoop 
 or step which shall exceed 5 feet in height, under the penalty of $100. 
 
 Sec. 248. Nothing contained in the preceding section of this 
 article shall be deemed to prohibit the continuance of any porches, 
 doors, stoops, platforms or steps which were heretofore erected, unless 
 the same shall be complained of to the Board of Aldermen, who 
 may direct their removal or alteration within a reasonable time. 
 
 5. Balustrades and Awnings. 
 
 Sec. 249. All persons who wish hereafter to erect balustrades 
 beyond the street line shall first obtain permission from the Board 
 of Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. 250. No balustrade shall hereafter be erected, excepting from 
 the second story of any house; nor shall it project more than one- 
 twentieth of the width of the street wherein it may be erected, nor 
 more than three feet in any case whatever. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 51 
 
 Sec. 251. None but iron braces and railings shall be used for 
 balustrades; the strength and firmness shall be tested by the Super- 
 intendent of Buildings; and in case he objects to the strength of 
 the same, it shall be made as he shall direct or be removed, under 
 the penalty of $5 per day. 
 
 Sec. 252. Awnings of tin or other light metal or canvas may be 
 erected across the sidewalk of any of the streets of the Borough of 
 Manhattan except Broadway, Fifth avenue, Madison avenue and the 
 Bowery, and those parts of Lexington avenue which are distant 200 
 feet from any intersection cross street upon which a surface car is 
 operated; provided, that ever}- awning shall not be higher than the 
 floor of the second story of the building, the first floor being the 
 ground floor, but in no case to be covered with wood; and every 
 such awning that ma}' be built upon Lexington avenue shall be con- 
 stru#ted of steel with glass roof, and every awning or water shed of 
 any kind covering one-half, or more than one-half, or less than the 
 full width of the sidewalk, shall have connected therewith a gutter 
 and leader of material and size sufficient for conducting the water 
 from the same to the outer line of the curb-stone. A penalty of $5 
 for each day such awning or water-shed shall remain without such 
 appurtenances to be imposed. 
 
 Sec. 253. All awnings erected hereunder or under and pursuant 
 to this section, shall be erected only with the consent and subject 
 to the supervision of the President of the Borough wherein such 
 awnings are to be erected. 
 
 Sec. 254. Any person^ firm or corporation erecting any awning 
 hereunder shall be liable for all loss or damage that may happen or 
 come by reason of the erection and maintenance of such awning. 
 
 Sec. 255. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent 
 the revocation by the Board of Aldermen of the license to erect any 
 awning hereunder. 
 
 Sec. 256. Iron posts tor awnings erected in any street in this 
 City shall be well and securely braced from the building with wrought 
 iron rails or rods at least one inch in diameter, in the proportion of 
 one brace for every post. 
 
 Sec. 257. All posts fixed in any street for the purpose of support- 
 ing any awning shall be of iron not exceeding six inches in diameter, 
 and the rail crossing the same shall also be of iron; the said posts 
 shall be placed next to and along the inside of the curbstone, and 
 the cross rail, which is intended to support the awning, shall not be 
 less than eight nor more than ten feet in height above the sidewalk, 
 and the said cross rail shall be strongly secured to the upright posts. 
 No portion or part of any canvas or cloth, or tin, or other light metal 
 used as an awning shall hang loosely or project upward or down- 
 
5-" 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ward from the same over any sidewalk or footpath, under a penalty 
 of $10 for each day's offense. 
 
 Sec. 258. It shall be the duty of the President of the Borough 
 in which the same is erected to order and direct any awning post, 
 bracket, or awning which may be erected in any street in The City 
 of New York, contrary to the provisions of this ordinance, to be 
 forthwith removed; and any person who shall neglect or refuse to 
 comply with such direction and order shall forfeit and pay for every 
 such offense the sum of $10. 
 
 Sec. 259. Any awning, water-shed or curtain attached thereto, 
 heretofore erected or constructed according to the provisions of any 
 ordinance or resolution in force at the time shall not be affected by 
 the provisions of the foregoing ordinances. 
 
 6. Signs and Showbills. * 
 
 Sec. 260. Signs, showbills and snowboards may be placed on the 
 fronts of buildings, with the consent of the owner thereof, and shall 
 be securely fastened, and shall not project more than one foot from 
 the house wall, except that signs may be hung or attached at right 
 angles to any building and extend not to exceed three feet therefrom 
 in the space between the second floor (the ground floor being con- 
 sidered the first floor) and a point eight feet in the clear above the 
 level of the sidewalk in front of such building. Signs may be attached 
 to the sides of stoops, but not to extend above the railing or beyond 
 the stoop-line of any stoop. No sign, showbill or snowboard shall be 
 placed, hung or maintained except as in this section prescribed, under 
 penalty of $10 for each offense and a further penalty of $10 for each 
 day or part of a day the same shall continue. 
 
 7. Exposing Goods for Sale. 
 
 Sec. 261. No goods, wares, merchandise, or manufacture of any 
 description, shall be placed or exposed to show or for sale upon any 
 balustrade that now is or hereafter may be erected in this City, under 
 the penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 262. No person shall hang or place any goods, wares or 
 merchandise, or suffer, maintain or permit the same to be hung or 
 placed at any greater distance than 3 feet in front of his or her house, 
 store or other building, and not to a greater height than 5 feet above 
 the level of the sidewalk, except goods, wares or merchandise in 
 process or loading, unloading, shipment or being received from ship- 
 ment; but at all times there shall be maintained a free passageway 
 for pedestrians in the centre of the sidewalk. The penalty for a 
 violation of this ordinance shall be $5 for each day's offense. 
 S. Showcases, Barber-poles. Illuminated Signs, Ornamental Lamps, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Drop-awnings. Storm-doors, Stairways and Hoistways. 
 
 Sec. 263. Showcases may be placed in areas or on the sidewalk 
 within the stoop line, in front of any building, by or with the consent 
 of the occupant of the ground floor thereof, but not beyond 5 feet 
 from the house line or wall of any building where the stoop lint 
 extends further, and provided also, that no such showcase shall be 
 more than 5 feet in height, 3 feet in length, and 2 feet in width, nor 
 shall be so placed as to interfere with the free access to the adjoining: 
 premises, and all such showcases shall be freely movable. 
 
 Goods when exhibited shall not be placed more than 3 feet from 
 the building line, and not to a greater height than 5 feet above the 
 level of the sidewalk. 
 
 Barber-poles not exceeding 5 feet in height, and other emblematic 
 signs may be placed within the stoop lines, or fastened to the railing 
 of any stoop, under the same conditions as to dimensions, consent,, 
 etc., as hereinbefore provided for showcases. 
 
 Ornamental lamps and illuminated signs may be placed on the 
 stoop of any building by the owner of said building, and upon or 
 within the stoop line by the occupant of the ground floor of any 
 premises. 
 
 Drop-awnings, without vertical supports, are permitted within the 
 stoop lines, but in no case to extend beyond 6 feet from the house 
 line, and to be at least 6 feet in the clear above the sidewalk. 
 
 Storm-doors not exceeding 10 feet in height, nor more than 2 
 feet wider than the doorway or entrance of any building, may b< 
 temporarily erected within the stoop lines, but in no case to extend 
 more than 6 feet outside the house line. Xo structure under the nanii 
 of "storm-door" shall be lawful which shall practically be an extension 
 of the building front or house front within the stoop line, or an 
 enlargement of the ground floor of any premises. 
 
 Stairways may be constructed, but not at a greater distance than 
 4 feet from the house-wall of any building. Hoistways may be 
 placed within the stoop lines, but in no case to extend beyond 5 feet 
 from the house line, and shall be guarded by iron railings or rods t<* 
 prevent accidents to passers-by. 
 
 Sec. 264. All privileges which may be exercised under the pre- 
 visions of the last preceding section shall be without expenses <>r 
 charge to the City, and are conferred only during the pleasure of the 
 Board of Aldermen, who may at any time alter, amend or repeal said 
 section. The penalty for a violation of said last preceding section 
 shall be not to exceed $10 for each and every day such violation c hall 
 continue. 
 
 9. Obstructing and Injuring Walks. 
 Sec. 265. Xo person shall lead, drive or ride any horse, or horse 
 
54 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 and cart, or drag any wheel or hand barrow, or saw any wood, upon 
 any footpath or sidewalk, under the penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 266. No owner or occupant of any store or house shall per- 
 mit or suffer any cart or other wheel carriage to be driven or otherwise 
 to pass or go over or upon the footpath or sidewalk opposite to such 
 house or store, for the purpose of loading or unloading such cart 
 or other wheel carriage, or for any other purpose whatever, under 
 the penaltv of $^ for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 267. Tf any cartman or other person shall break or otherwise 
 injure any footpath or sidewalk, he or thev shall, within twenty-four 
 hours thereafter, cause the same to be well and sufficiently repaired 
 or mended, under the penaltv of $to. 
 
 Sec. 268. No person shall obstruct the walks laid across the 
 public streets or at the head of the public slips in The Citv of New 
 York, by placing or stopping his horse, cart or other carriage upon 
 or across any of the said walks, or by placing or putting any other 
 obstruction or other thing across or on the same, under the penalty 
 of $5 for each offense. 
 
 10. Moving Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 260. The Rorough President in each borough shall and 
 hereby is authorized to grant permits for moving buildings through 
 and across the public highways, taking in each case a proper bond 
 to secure The City of New York against loss or damage incident to 
 said moving. 
 
 11. Protecting Street Pavement. 
 
 Sec. 270. In no case shall building material be placed upon, or 
 mortar, cement or other material mixed upon the pavement of a street 
 paved with asphalt, asphalt block or wood, except a permit be issued 
 by the Borough President having jurisdiction, which permit shall con- 
 tain a provision that such pavement be protected by first laying 
 planks thereon. 
 
 Any person, firm or corporation violating any provisions of this 
 ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a minor offense and upon con- 
 viction thereof by any Magistrate, whether upon confession of the 
 party or competent testimony, shall be punished by a fine not exceed- 
 ing $10 for each offense, and in default of payment of such fine by 
 imprisonment not exceeding 10 days. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the President of the Borough or Park 
 •Commissioner, as the case may be, when issuing permits to builders 
 and others to use the streets, to insert in said permits a provision 
 -requiring compliance with this ordinance. 
 
 12. Prohibiting the Throwing of Fruit Skins. Etc., on Walks. 
 
 Sec. 271. Any person who shall cast, throw or deposit on any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 55 
 
 sidewalk or crosswalk in any street, avenue or public place within the 
 corporate limits of The City of New York, any part or portion of 
 any fruit or vegetable or other substances, which, when stepped upoi 
 by any person, is liable to cause, or does cause, him or her to slip 
 or fall, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction 
 thereof before any Magistrate, shall be punished by a fine of not less 
 than $1 nor more than $5. or in default of such fine, by imprisonment: 
 not less than one day nor more than ten days, at the discretion of 
 the Court. 
 
 Sec. 272. The proprietor of ever3 r store, stand or other place 
 where fruit, vegetable or other substances mentioned in section 1 of 
 this ordinance are sold, shall keep suspended therein or posted there- 
 on, in some conspicuous place, constantly, a copy of this ordinance 
 printed in large type, so that persons purchasing any such fruit, 
 vegetable or other substances may become aware of its provisions; 
 and every such proprietor or agent refusing or neglecting to comply 
 with the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of $5 
 for such neglect, or in default of payment thereof, by imprisonment 
 not to exceed ten days, at the discretion of the Court. The Com- 
 missioners of Police are hereby required to enforce rigidly the pro- 
 visions of this ordinance. 
 
 13. Use of Tan-Bark on Streets. 
 
 Sec. 273. The Mayor or any Alderman, the Department of Health, 
 the Commissioner of Police, the Inspector or Police Captain assigned 
 to the precinct in which said premises are situated, upon application,, 
 shall grant permission to lay tan-bark in the carriage-way in front 
 of any premises occupied by any sick or convalescent person or per- 
 sons, to the extent of 500 feet in any direction from said premises, 
 providing all expenses of placing and removing the bark be paid 
 for by the person making such application. The bark so placed in 
 any street shall be removed upon the order of the Commissioner of 
 Street Cleaning within five days after the recovery or death of such 
 sick or convalescent person, and upon failure or neglect to comply 
 with such order, then it shall be removed by the said Commissioner 
 of Street Cleaning, who shall, if necessary, sue for and recover the 
 cost of such removal in the manner now provided for the collection 
 of fines in violation of the ordinances of the City. 
 
 Article 11 — Surveyors. 
 
 Sec. 274. There shall be so many Surveyors appointed for this 
 City as the Board of Aldermen shall from time to time think proper. 
 Sec. 275. The City Surveyors so to be appointed, before they re- 
 
5* 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 spectively enter upon the execution of said office, shall take an oath 
 well and truly to execute the same. 
 
 Sec. 276. Whenever in the proper administration of the duties of 
 Tiis office, the President of any borough in this City may require the 
 services of a City Surveyor in laying out and regulating streets and 
 roads in said City, making maps and surveys for street opening pro- 
 ceedings, laying out and surveying grounds for the purpose of building 
 thereupon, and to advise and direct concerning the same, he shall 
 "have the authority to employ such one of the City Surveyors as he 
 may designate for that purpose. 
 
 Sec. 277. The Cit\- Surveyors employed by an}' Borough Pre.-" 
 ident shall receive compensation therefor as follows, nor shall any Sur- 
 veyor's bill be paid unless the same be first certified by the Borough 
 President so employing him: 
 
 For a preliminary survey in regulating a street or avenue or 
 for making a country road, 3 cents per linear foot measuring through 
 the centre of the street, avenue or road, and for each additional line 
 of levels. 1 cent per linear foot, to be measured in the same manner. 
 
 For a preliminary survey in filling sunken lots, $1.50 per lot of 
 2,500 square feet. 
 
 For grading, when done alone, 5 cents per linear foot, measuring 
 through the centre of the street or avenue. 
 
 For grading and setting curb and gutter, when done under the 
 same contract, 8 cents per linear foot, measuring through the centre 
 of street or avenue. 
 
 For grading and setting curb and gutter and flagging or paving, 
 ■when done under the same contract. 11 cents per linear foot, meas- 
 uring through the centre of street or avenue. 
 
 For flagging, when done alone, 3 cents per linear foot along the 
 line of the work done. 
 
 For setting curb and gutter and flagging or paving, when done 
 xmder the same contract, but not in connection with the grading. 9 
 cents per linear foot, measuring through the centre of the street or 
 avenue. 
 
 For setting curb and gutter alone, 3 cents per linear foot along 
 the line of the work done. 
 
 For setting stakes, making final survey, etc., in the tilling of 
 sunken lots. $1.50 per lot of 2.500 square feet. 
 
 For fencing, including preliminary survey. 3 cents per linear foot. 
 
 For making a country road, 10 cents per linear foot, measuring 
 through the centre of the road. 
 
 For establishing a new grade line, 1 cent per linear foot, meas- 
 uring along the line. 
 
 For making the necessary surveys and furnishing all necessary 
 copies of damage maps in street opening proceedings, 3 cents per 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 57 
 
 foot, measuring along the extension line of the street or avenue and 
 along all boundary lines of each parcel included within said street 
 or avenue lines, and for assessment lists and maps for street openings 
 or other improvements, 3 cents per linear foot of map front, it being 
 understood that the Surveyor shall in every case, furnish quadruple 
 lists and maps without additional charge. 
 
 A Surveyor employed by either of the said Borough Presidents 
 to make a survey, the compensation for which is not otherwise 
 provided, shall receive such compensation as shall be certified by 
 the Borough President so employing them. 
 
 Sec. 278. In all cases of street improvements, when the same 
 is required, a projection or profile and such drawings and calculations 
 shall be furnished to the said Borough President as may be required 
 by him, without extra compensation. 
 
 A surveyor shall be entitled to receive payment for a preliminary 
 survey on the completion of the same to the satisfaction of the 
 Borough President employing him. lie shall receive payment for all 
 services on the completion of the work and its acceptance by the 
 Borough President. 
 
 Sec. 279. The amount paid for any of the services mentioned 
 above, whenever the same shall have been rendered in relation to any 
 improvement or work for which an assessment may afterward be 
 made, shall be included in such assessment. 
 
 Sec. 280. A surveyor shall be entitled to receive $10 for every 
 certificate for payment to a contractor on any work done by contract 
 made upon public advertisement and letting, which shall be paid by 
 the Borough President making the contract, and except as herein 
 otherwise provided, no surveyor shall be entitled to any payment for 
 a certificate to a contractor. 
 
 The amount so paid for a certificate shall be deducted from the 
 payment to be made to the contractor on account of the work cer- 
 tified to be done. 
 
 CHAPTER 6— THE DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY. GAS 
 A X D ELECTRICITY. 
 
 Article 1 — The Water Register. 
 
 Sec. 281. The Water Register shall on each day, except Sunday, 
 of each week, render to the Comptroller an account, under oath, item 
 by item, of all moneys received by him, containing the names of the 
 persons from whom they were received, the amounts received and 
 on what account, and when paid, and shall thereupon pay over the 
 amount so received to the Chamberlain. 
 
58 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Article 2 — Water Rents, 
 
 Sec. 282. The minimum annual rents and the special charges to 
 be collected by the Department of Water Supply. Gas and Electricity 
 shall be as follows, to wit: 
 
 One Two Three Four Five 
 
 Front Width. Story. Stories. Stories. Stories. Stories. 
 
 16 feet and under $4 00 $5 00 $6 00 $7 00 $8 00 
 
 16 to 18 feet 5 00 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 
 
 18 to 20 feet 6 00 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 
 
 20 to 22]/ 2 feet 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 
 
 22^2 to 25 feet 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 
 
 25 to 30 feet 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 
 
 30 to Z7 l A feet 12 00 , 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 
 
 37V2 to 50 feet 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 18 00 
 
 The apportionment of the regular frontage rates upon dwelling 
 bouses is on the basis that but one family is to occupy the same and 
 for each additional family $1 per year shall be charged. 
 
 Building Purposes — 10 cents per 1,000 brick. All masonry at the 
 same rate, 500 brick being equal to 1 cubic yard. 
 
 Plastering — 40 cents per 100 square yards, openings not included. 
 
 Baths — All baths, $3 per annum. 
 
 Water closets and urinals of every description, $2 per annum. 
 One water closet and one bath in' each house supplied free of 
 
 ■charge. 
 
 Steam lighters and tug boats, H. P., per year $90 00 
 
 Steam lighters and tug boats, L. P., per year 45 00 
 
 Pile drivers and hoisting engines, per month 5 00 
 
 Steam yachts, per month 5 00 
 
 All others, per month 5 00 
 
 Water boats supplying shipping, per month 25 00 
 
 Meter Rates. 
 
 Water meters shall be placed, at the discretion of the Commis- 
 sioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, for all stores, workshops, 
 hotels, manufactories, office buildings, public edifices, on wharves, 
 ferry houses, and in all places where water is furnished for business 
 consumption, except private dwellings; the charge for water meas- 
 ured by meter to be 10 cents per 100 cubic feet. 
 
 All charges not herein mentioned or fixed are reserved for special 
 contract by and with the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and 
 Electricity. 
 
 Sec. 283. All rents for the use of water shall be paid in advance 
 at the time of applying for the water and before any permit is 
 issued; to be calculated up to the first day of May succeeding; and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 all rents shall continue to be collected in advance on the first day of 
 May annually, so long as the contract exists; and no contract foi 
 the supply of water shall be binding for a longer period than until 
 the second succeeding first of May after such contract is entered into. 
 
 Sec. 284. The supply of water shall be cut off in all cases where 
 the rent is behind and unpaid ten days. 
 
 Article 3 — The Croton Aqueduct. 
 
 Sec. 285. Xo new works connected with the Croton Aqueduct 
 shall be constructed, nor shall any mains or pipes be constructed or 
 laid down, except with the authority of the Board of Aldermen, and 
 except also that in case of any unexpected casualty or damage to the 
 pipes, reservoirs or other structures connected with the aqueduct, the 
 Chief Engineer of the Department of Water Supply. Gas and Elec- 
 tricity, under direction of the Commissioner, shall take immediate 
 measures for the preservation and repair of the same, the expense 
 of which shall be paid on his requisition by the warrant of the 
 Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 286. If any person shall bathe in. or go into the Croton 
 water at either of the reservoirs, or any part of the Croton aqueduct, 
 or shall throw any stones, chips or dirt, or any other material, sub- 
 stance or thing whatever into the reservoirs or into the water or 
 gate-houses, or into the ventilators, or aqueduct or fountain basins, 
 or shall in any manner injure or disfigure any part of the Croton 
 aqueduct works, he shall be subject to a fine not to exceed $50, to 
 be imposed by any City Magistrate., either on his view or in a 
 summary manner; and in default of payment of any fine so imposed, 
 such City Magistrate shall commit such offender to the City Prison 
 for a period not to exceed thirty days, unless such fine is sooner paid. 
 
 Sec. 287. In case any person shall trespass on any part of the 
 embankment of the Croton aqueduct reservoirs, or go or remain on 
 the same without permission of the proper persons having charge 
 of the same, or in case any person does not comply with the regula- 
 tions of the Commissioner of Water Supply. Gas and Electricity, 
 unscrew or open any hydrant belonging to bankment of said reser- 
 voirs, on the grounds or buildings attached to said reservoirs, such 
 person shall be subject to a fine of $25, to be levied and collected 
 in the manner prescribed in the last section; and in default of pay- 
 ment, imprisonment as in like manner, not .to exceed twenty days, in 
 the City Prison. 
 
 Sec. 288. Xo person or persons, except the Mayor and Aldermen 
 of the respective districts and the engineers or foremen of the Fire 
 Department, shall, without previous permission in writing from the 
 Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, unscrew or 
 open any hydrant belonging to or attached to the Croton aqueduct 
 
<5o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 works, erected for the extinguishment of fires; nor shall leave said 
 fire hydrant open for a longer time than shall be limited in said 
 permission; nor shall use the water for other purposes than may be 
 mentioned in said permission, under the penalty of not less than $5 
 nor more than $25 for each offense, in the discretion of the Magistrate 
 before whom the complaint shall be made. 
 
 Article 4 — Use of Water. 
 
 Sec. 289. All persons contracting for a supply of water shall pay 
 the cost of the materials and labor used and expended on the streets 
 necessary to make the connection with the conduit pipes, or pay 
 such annual interest thereon as required by the rules and regulations 
 of the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. No 
 street shall be opened, or pipes bored, or connections made unless 
 under the direction of the said Commissioner, under the penalty of 
 $50 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 290. No person or persons, except such as may be licensed 
 by the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity to sell 
 water to shipping, shall take the water from any hydrant or water 
 connection erected or to be erected in The City of New York, and 
 attached to the water pipes, for the purpose of using the same on any 
 boat, vessel, barge or pile-driver, or for the purpose of selling or 
 offering the same for sale to the owner of any boat, vessel, barge or 
 pile-driver, without first having obtained permission in writing from 
 the said Commissioner, under penalty of $25 for each offense, to be 
 recovered against such person or persons or such owner or owners 
 «if any such boat, vessel, barge or pile-driver in an action to be pros- 
 ecuted by the Corporation Counsel. 
 
 Sec. 291. No person other than an employee of the Department 
 •of Water Supply. Gas and Electricity, or of the Fire Department, 
 shall be permitted to use the large or double fire hydrants placed 
 throughout the city for the use of the Fire Department, and any 
 >treet sprinkler, sweeper or cleaner, or other person or persons not 
 connected with either the Department of Public Works or the Fire 
 Department, found tampering with or using any of said hydrants, 
 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof 
 shall be fined the sum of $25, and in default of payment thereof shall 
 be punished by imprisonment not exceeding ten days. 
 
 Sec. 292. The Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Elec- 
 tricity is instructed to cause the hydrants to be kept closed, and report 
 all violations of the laws to the Corporation Counsel. 
 
 Sec. 293. The Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity 
 shall at all times when the general supply of water is not thereby 
 endangered, permit the hydrants to be used for cleaning the streets, 
 under the regulation of said Commissioner. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 6t 
 
 Sec. 294. No person or persons shall use the Croton water for 
 washing streets, sidewalks, steps or buildings from May 1 to November 
 1 following in each year, after 8 a. m., and from November 1 to May 
 1 following, after 9 a. m., under the penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 295. Any person or persons who shall obstruct the access 
 to the different stop-cocks connected with the water pipes by placing 
 thereon stone, brick, lumber, dirt, or any other materials, or who 
 shall permit any such materials to be placed thereon by those in 
 his or their employ, shall be subject to the penalty of $50 for each 
 offense, with an additional sum of $25 for each day the same shall 
 be continued after notice of removal shall have been served. 
 
 Sec. 296. The penalties prescribed in this article shall be imposed 
 on the offender in like manner as above provided in respect to the 
 penalty for bathing in the Croton aqueduct; and in default of the 
 payment the offender shall be subject to like punishment by impris- 
 onment, as in the said section prescribed. 
 
 Article 5 — Lamps. 
 
 Sec. 297. No person, without permission of the Commissioner of 
 Water Supply, Gas and Electricity, shall take up, remove or carry 
 away any public lamp-post in The City of New York, under the 
 penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 298. No person shall remove, or cause or permit to be 
 removed any public lamp-post now or hereafter to be placed in front 
 of their premises, for the purpose of constructing a vault, or otherwise, 
 without the permission of the President of the Borough; and the 
 owner or owners of such vault shall cause the lamp-post so removed 
 to be reset at their own expense immediately upon the completion 
 of the vault, under the penalty of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 299. No ornamental lamp-post shall hereafter be erected 
 in any of the streets, avenues or public places in The City of New 
 York which shall exceed in dimensions at the base more than 18 
 inches in diameter, if circular in form, and if upon a square base, no 
 side thereof shall exceed 18 inches. 
 
 CHAPTER 7. 
 
 Title 1 — Bureau of Licenses. 
 
 Sec. 300. There shall be a Bureau of Licenses in and for The 
 City of New York attached to the Mayor's office, with the principal 
 office in the City Hall in the Borough of Manhattan, and a branch 
 office in such other boroughs as may be deemed necessary and be 
 designated by the Mayor of said City, for the purpose of issuing and 
 recording all licenses authorized by resolution or ordinance of the 
 Board of Aldermen or now in force in any part of said City. 
 
6-> ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 301. The Bureau of Licenses shall consist of a Chief of 
 -.iid Bureau, with such Deputies and Assistants as may be found 
 necessary for properly carrying on the work of the Bureau, to be 
 appointed and removed at pleasure by the Mayor of said City, and 
 paid such compensation as shall be fixed by said Mayor. 
 
 Sec. 302. All licenses issued by the Bureau of Licenses shall be 
 according to an established form, printed with corresponding stub 
 and regularly numbered, with suitable blank spaces for writing in 
 the name and residence of the licensee, kind and class of license, 
 location and privileges allowed, and the amount of fee paid, all 
 properly bound in book form. All such licenses shall be duly classified 
 and recorded in suitable registers and fully indexed. 
 
 Sec. 303. All licenses issued by the Bureau of Licenses shall be 
 granted by the Mayor and duly issued upon regular application to 
 the Bureau of Licenses. The registers of licenses shall be public 
 records, and extracts may be certified by the Chief of the Bureau 
 or the deputy or assistant in charge of a branch office, for use as 
 evidence. 
 
 Sec. 304. There shall be kept in the principal office of said 
 Bureau and each and every office thereof a book recording consec- 
 utively eacli license as issued, showing its kind and class, whether 
 new or renewed, name of license, regular number of blank form, 
 and amount of fee received day by day. A daily report showing all 
 of above details shall be made by each branch office to the principal 
 office. All moneys received each day shall be duly deposited in a 
 designated City depository the following day. There shall also be 
 kept in the principal office of said Bureau a book showing a statement 
 of all licenses issued and fees received by said Bureau and its branches, 
 tabulated by days, months and quarters of the year, and compiled 
 annually. 
 
 Title 2 — The Granting and Regulating of Licenses. 
 Article 1 — Business Requiring a License. 
 Sec. 305. The following businesses must be duly licensed as 
 herein provided, namely: Public cartmen, truckmen, hackmen, cab- 
 men, expressmen, junk dealers, dealers in second-hand articles, hawk- 
 ers, peddlers, venders, ticket speculators, coal scalpers, common shows, 
 shooting galleries, bowling alleys, billiard tables, dirt carts, A exterior 
 hoists and stands within stoop lines and under the stairs of elevated 
 railroad stations. 
 
 Sec. 306. Xo person shall engage in or carry on any such business 
 without a license therefor under a penalty of not less than $2 nor 
 more than $25 for each offense, and for the purposes of this ordinance 
 the term person shall include any human being or lawful association 
 of such. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 63 
 
 Article 2 — Licenses and License Fees. 
 
 Sec. 307. All licenses shall be granted by authority of the Mayor 
 and issued by the Bureau of Licenses for a term of one year from the 
 date thereof, unless sooner suspended or revoked by the Mayor, and 
 no person shall be licensed except a citizen of the United States or 
 one who has regularly declared intention to become a citizen. 
 
 The Mayor shall have power to suspend or revoke any license 
 or permit issued under the provisions of this ordinance. The Mayor 
 shall also have power to impose a fine of not more than $5 or less' 
 than $1 for any violation of the regulations herein provided, and to 
 suspend the license pending payment of such fine, which, when 
 collected, shall be paid into the Sinking Fund for the Redemption of 
 the City Debt. 
 
 Sec. 308. The annual license fees shall be as below enumerated: 
 
 For each public cart or truck $2 00 
 
 For each public hack coach 3 00 
 
 For each public hack cab 2 00 
 
 For each special hack coach 5 00 
 
 l^or each special hack cab 3 00 
 
 For each express wagon.. 5 00 
 
 For each junk shop or dealer 20 00 
 
 For each dealer in second-hand articles 25 00 
 
 For each junk cart or boat 5 00 
 
 For each peddler using horse and wagon 8 00 
 
 For each peddler using push cart 4 00 
 
 For each peddler carrying merchandise 2 00 
 
 For each ticket speculator 50 00 
 
 For each coal scalper 250 00 
 
 For each common show 25 00 
 
 For each public shooting gallery 5 00 
 
 For each public bowling ailey 5 00 
 
 For each public billiard table 3 00 
 
 For each dirt cart 1 00 
 
 For each general hoisting 25 00 
 
 For each special hoisting 1 00 
 
 For each fruit or soda water stand, or both 10 00 
 
 For each newspaper or periodical stand, or both, and in addition 
 
 also fruit or soda water stand, or both 15 00 
 
 For each movable newspaper stand 1 00 
 
 For each newspaper and periodical stand, or both 5 00 
 
 For each chair of a bootblack stand... 5 00 
 
 For each stand under elevated railroad stations 10 00 
 
 For each driver of any licensed vehicle 50 
 
 Sec. 309. Any license, before its expiration or within thirty days 
 
< iRDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 thereafter, may be renewed for another term, upon payment of one- 
 half the license fee above designated therefor. 
 
 All licenses in force when this ordinance takes effect for any busi- 
 ness enumerated above may be renewed under the foregoing pro- 
 visions regulating renewals of licenses hereunder issued. 
 
 Article 3 — Special Regulations and Rates. 
 
 1. Public Carts and Carriers. 
 
 Sec. 310. Every vehicle, of whatever construction, drawn by 
 animal power or propelled by other motive power, which shall be 
 kept for hire or used to carry merchandise, household furniture or, 
 other bulky articles within The City of New York for pay, shall be 
 deemed a public cart, and the owner thereof shall be deemed a public 
 cartman. 
 
 Sec. 311. Ever}- public cart shall show on each outside thereof 
 the words "Public Cart" or the letters "P. C", together with the 
 figures of its official number. 
 
 Sec. 312. The amount to be charged for loading, transporting or 
 transmitting and unloading, may be agreed upon in advance, and 
 such a contract shall regulate and control the employment. 
 
 Sec. 313. The legal rates lor moving household furniture, unless 
 
 otherwise mutually agreed, shall be as follows: 
 
 For a single truck load, within two miles $2 00 
 
 For every additional mile or part thereof : 50 
 
 For loading, unloading and housing to ground floor 50 
 
 For each flight of stairs, up or down 25 
 
 For a double truck load, within two miles 3 00 
 
 For every additional mile or part thereof 1 50 
 
 For loading, unloading and housing to ground floor 50 
 
 For each flight of stairs, up or down 50 
 
 Sec. 314. Every public cartman shall be entitled to be paid the 
 legal rate of compensation herein provided immediately after the 
 transportation and before actual delivery, and in default of such pay- 
 ment to retain a load or part thereof sufficient to secure charges, 
 and convey the same promptly to the Property Clerk of the Police 
 Department, or to a convenient storage warehouse, where the same 
 may be left on storage, subject to all charges incurred, including 
 cartage to place of deposit. A notice, in writing, with a brief state- 
 ment of particulars, shall be sent at once by the cartman to the 
 Bureau of Licenses. 
 
 2. Drivers of Licensed Vehicles. 
 
 Sec. 315. Every person driving a licensed hack or express, other 
 than the person named in the license therefor, shall be licensed as 
 such driver, and every application for such a license shall be indorsed, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 65 
 
 in writing, by two reputable citizens of The City of New York, 
 certifying to the competence of the applicant. 
 
 3. Public Hacks and Hackraen. 
 
 Sec. 316. Any vehicle kept for hire shall be deemed a public 
 hack, and a vehicle intended to seat two persons inside shall be 
 deemed a cab, and a vehicle intended to seat four persons inside shall 
 be deemed a coach, and the term hackmen shall be deemed to include 
 owner or driver, or both. 
 
 Sec. 317. None but licensed hacks shall use the designated 
 public hack stands in the City. The owner of any hack not intended 
 to use the public stands and having the written consent of the owner 
 or lessee of the premises, in the discretion of the Mayor or the 
 Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, may be specially licensed and 
 permitted to use temporarily a portion of the street in front of said 
 premises as a stand, and shall be confined to carrying passengers 
 from said premises. 
 
 Sec. 318. No hackney coach, carriage or cab, which shall be 
 specially licensed by virtue of the provisions of this ordinance shall 
 make use or come upon any stand, that is now or may be hereafter 
 designated as a hackney coach stand, or at any other place in The City 
 of New York, except in front of or adjacent to any hotel or hotels, 
 or at any other place which may be designated by the Mayor, and 
 which may be used as a stand, with the approval and consent of the 
 persons occupying the premises in front of which said coaches, car- 
 riages or cabs are to be permitted and allowed by the authority of 
 the Mayor, as aforesaid, provided the owner or driver of any such 
 coach, carriage or cab shall not solicit or take any passenger or 
 passengers on the streets, but shall confine themselves to and for 
 the use of the guests of said hotel or hotels. 
 
 Sec. 319. The legal rates of fare, of which an official copy shall 
 be furnished by the Bureau of Licenses, and carried by every licensed 
 
 hackman, shall be as follows: 
 
 Mileage rates for general driving: 
 Cabs— 
 
 For one mile or any part thereof $ 50 
 
 For each additional half mile or part thereof 25 
 
 For any stop over five minutes in a trip, for ever}-' fifteen 
 
 minutes or fraction thereof 25 
 
 Coaches — 
 
 For one mile or any part thereof 1 00 
 
 For each additional half mile or part thereof 50 
 
 For any stop over five minutes in a trip, for every fifteen 
 
 minutes or fraction thereof 40 
 
 Hourly Rates — These hourly rates, except by special agreement, 
 
66 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 are to apply only to shopping and calling, and shall not include 
 park or road driving, nor driving for more than three miles from 
 the starting point: 
 Cabs— 
 
 For one hour or any part thereof $i oo 
 
 For each additional half hour or part thereof 50 
 
 Coaches — 
 
 For one hour or any part thereof J 1 50 
 
 For each additional half hour or any part thereof 75 
 
 For driving around Central Park the charge shall be $3. where 
 the starting point is between Twenty-third street and One Hundred 
 and Thirty-fifth street; if the starting point is below Twenty-third 
 street, or north of One Hundred and Thirty-fifth street, an additional 
 charge of 50 cents, for each mile or fraction thereof, shall be paid. 
 
 For driving around Central Park and Riverside Drive, where the 
 starting point is between Twenty-third street and One Hundred and 
 Thirty-fifth street the charge shall be $4; if the starting point is below 
 Twenty-third street or north of One Hundred and Thirty-fifth street, 
 an additional charge of 50 cents for each mile or fraction thereof shall 
 be paid. 
 
 On all park drives one-half hour shall be allowed for sight seeing 
 without extra compensation. 
 
 Sec. 320. Ferriage and bridge tolls in all cases to be paid by the 
 parties using the vehicles. , - 
 
 Sec. 321. Twenty blocks north and south to constitute a mile; 
 seven blocks between the numbered and lettered avenues will be 
 deemed a mile as from Avenue B to Sixth avenue or from Second 
 avenue to Ninth avemie. 
 
 Sec. 322. Every hack shall be provided with a suitable lamp on 
 each side and shall have securely fastened across the middle of the 
 outside of each lamp a metal band of not less than two inches in 
 width, out of which the official number of the license shall be cut after 
 the manner of a stencil plate, the component figures of such number 
 to be not less than one and one-half inches in height, and the style 
 of the whole to be approved by the Mayor or Chief of the Bureau of 
 Licenses. Every licensed hack shall have the official number of the 
 license legibly engraved or embossed upon a metal plate and affixed 
 inside, as designated and approved by the Mayor or Chief of the 
 Bureau of Licenses, and no licensed hack shall carry or have affixed 
 to it, inside or outside, any number except the official number as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 323. Every licensed hackman, immediately after the termina- 
 tion of any hiring or employment, must carefully search such hack 
 for any property lost or left therein.- and any such property, unless 
 sooner claimed or delivered to the owner, must be taken to the near- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OE NEW YORK 67 
 
 est police station and deposited with the officer in charge within 
 twenty-four hours after the rinding thereof, and in addition to a writ- 
 ten notice, with brief particulars and description of the property, must 
 be forwarded at once to the Bureau of Licenses. 
 
 Sec. 324. Every licensed haekman shall have the right to demand 
 payment of the legal fare in advance, and may refuse employment 
 unless so prepaid, but no licensed haekman shall otherwise refuse or 
 neglect to convey any orderly person or persons upon request any- 
 where in the City unless previously engaged or unable to do so. No 
 licensed haekman shall carry any other person than the passenger 
 first employing a hack without the consent of said passenger. 
 
 Sec. 325. All vehicles for hire shajl be licensed, and the owner 
 thereof shall pay the sum of $2 with his original application as the 
 license fee for each and every vehicle so kept for hire, and $1 for each 
 vehicle for annual renewals. 
 
 Sec. 326. All disputes as to the lawful rate of fare, where no 
 agreement has been made, and all refusals to pay the agreed amount 
 where an agreement is claimed, shall be determined by the police offi- 
 cer in charge of the police station nearest to the place where such 
 dispute is had, and, except in the case of a freeholder or householder 
 in the City of Xew York, failure to comply with such determination 
 shall subject the offending party to a charge of disorderly conduct, 
 punishable by a hue of not exceeding $10, or in default thereof impris- 
 onment for not more than ten days. 
 
 4. Public Hack Stands. 
 
 Sec. 327. Any duly licensed hackney coach or cab shall stand 
 while waiting for employment at any of the following places and for 
 the periods of time hereafter provided: 
 
 Stand No. I — South Ferry, foot of Whitehall street, along the 
 park. 
 
 Stand No. 2 — Broadway, around Bowling Green. 
 Stand No. 3 — In Barclay street, west of Washington street. 
 Stand No. 4 — In Murray street, between Washington and West 
 streets. 
 
 Stand Xo. 5 — In Broad street, from Stock Exchange to Beaver 
 street; one line centre of street. 
 
 Stand Xo. 6 — At Fulton Ferry, along the Market side, south and 
 
 east. 
 
 Stand Xo. 7 — Broadway, from north side of Beekman .street to 
 Chambers street, and Chambers street from Broadway to west side of 
 new Court-house, park side. 
 
 Stand Xo. 8 — In Canal street, west of Washington street. 
 
 Stand Xo. 9 — In Chatham square. 
 
 Stand No. 10 — North, west and south sides of Union square. 
 Stand Xo. 11 — North. .west and south sides of Madison square. 
 
68 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Stand No. 12 — The vacant square, junction of Broadway and 
 Sixth avenue. Thirty-second and Thirty-fifth streets. 
 
 Stand No. 13 — On Fourth avenue, between Fortieth and Forty- 
 second streets, each side of cut to the tunnel. 
 
 Stand No. 14 — At the junction of Broadway and Seventh avenue 
 on the squares, Forty-third to Forty-seventh street. 
 
 Stand No. 15 — On the north side of Fortieth and south side of 
 Forty-second streets, from Fifth avenue to Sixth avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 16 — On Forty-ninth street, north side of Fifth avenue 
 to a point 100 feet from Eighth avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 17 — At all ferries. 
 
 Stand No. 18 — At all passenger steamboat landings, fifteen min- 
 utes before the usual time of arrival of such passenger steamboats. 
 
 Stand No. 19 — At all theatres and other places of public amuse- 
 ment fifteen minutes before the conclusion of the performance. 
 
 Stand No. 20 — At all railroad depots, five minutes prior to the 
 arrival of passenger trains, licensed owners and drivers may solicit 
 passengers without their vehicles, except that at the Grand Central 
 Dep( t such hackmen shall not stand on the sidewalk more than three 
 feet within the curb. 
 
 Stand No. 21 — Broadway, opposite St. Paul's Church, from 5 p. m. 
 until sunrise. 
 
 Stand No. 22 — On all street corners, from 10 p. m. until sunrise. 
 
 Stand No. 23 — South side of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street 
 between Ninth and Manhattan avenues. 
 
 Stand No. 24 — North s ; de of One Hundred and Forty -fifth street, 
 from the corner of Eighth avenue 300 feet east. 
 
 Stand No. 25 — North side of One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street, 
 to extend a distance of 100 feet west of Eighth avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 26 — North side of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, 
 from the corner of Eighth avenue 300 feet east. 
 
 Stand No. 27 — West side of Third avenue, near Fordham station 
 of the New York and Harlem Railroad, extending southerly about 100 
 feet from the southerly intersection of Pelham avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 28 — Every elevated railroad station in The City of New 
 York shall be deemed a public cab stand, and public cabs and coaches 
 shall be and are hereby authorized to stand on the street corners at 
 such places. 
 
 Stand No. 29 — Park avenue, from Sixtieth street to Sixty-first 
 street, and Seventy-second to Seventy-third street on west side of 
 tunnel. 
 
 Stand No. 30 — Fifth avenue. Sixtieth to Sixty-second street, on 
 west side of avenue, and seventy-first to Seventy-second and Seventy- 
 second to Seventy-third street, on west side of avenue. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Stand No. 31 — Fifth avenue, Eighty-first to Eighty-second street, 
 and from Ninetieth to Ninety-first street, on west side of avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 32 — Sixty-third street, from Broadway to Columbus 
 avenue, north side. 
 
 Stand No. 33 — From Sixty-third to Sixty-fourth street, on Broad- 
 way, west side. 
 
 Stand No. 34 — Sixty-sixth street, between Broadway and Colum- 
 bus avenue, south side. 
 
 Stand No. 35 — Sixty-fifth to Sixty-sixth street, on Broadway, east 
 side; Amsterdam avenue, Seventy-second to Seventy-third street, on 
 west side. 
 
 Stand No. 36 — South side of Seventy-third third, between Broad- 
 way and Amsterdam avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 37 — From Seventy-ninth to Eighty-first street, on Col- 
 umbus avenue, east side. 
 
 Stand No. 38 — On Eighty-first street, from Columbus avenue to a 
 point 100 feet east of Columbus avenue. 
 
 Stand No. 39 — Sherman square, north side of Seventieth street, 
 from Amsterdam avenue to Broadway. 
 
 Stand No. 40 — West side of Broadway, from Seventieth street to 
 Seventy-first street. 
 
 Stand No. 41 — Amsterdam avenue, from Seventieth to Seventy- 
 first street, east side. 
 
 Stand No. 42 — All subway stations. 
 
 Stand No. 43 — Northwest side of Plaza, between Fifty-eighth and 
 Fifty-ninth streets. 
 
 Sec. 328. That not more than two cabs or coaches shall stand at 
 any such station (meaning thereby the uptown or # downtown station), 
 and they shall not impede or obstruct proper access to and from the 
 stairways at such stations. 
 
 Sec. 328a. That the following streets and places in the Third 
 Ward of the Borough of Queens are hereby fixed as the places at 
 which hacks and stages may stand waiting for hire, viz.: At Flush- 
 ing, Broadway, from Lawrence to Prince street, and a main street, 
 from Bradford avenue to Locust street; at Bayside, on Bell avenue, 
 from Pleasant avenue to 300 feet north of Long Island Railroad 
 track, and at Whitestone, on Sixteenth street, from Seventh to Eighth 
 avenue. " . • 
 
 Sec. 329. Any person violating any of the provisions hereof, 
 except those of article 1, section 11, upon conviction thereof by the 
 Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, or Deputy Chief, either upon confes- 
 sion of the party or by competent testimony, may be fined or such 
 offense any sum not more than $10, or be subject to the suspension 
 or revocation of his license in the discretion of the Chief of the Bu- 
 reau of Licenses, or Deputy Chief either upon confession of the party 
 
70 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 or by competent testimony, may be fined for such offense any sum not 
 more than $10. or be subject to the suspension of revocation of his 
 license in the discretion of the Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, or 
 Deputy Chief, with the approval of the Mayor. 
 
 Article 4a — Public Porters. 
 
 Sec. 329a. The Mayor shall license and appoint as many and 
 such persons as he may think expedient to be public porters of The 
 City of New York, and revoke or suspend any or all of such licenses at 
 his pleasure; and it shall not be lawful for any person to use any 
 wheelbarrow or handcar to carry, transport or convey baggage, goods 
 or other things from place to place within said City for hire, wages or 
 pay for such conveyance, or to be at any hotel, boarding-house, ferry, 
 steamboat landing, railroad station or depot, and solicit of strangers, 
 travelers, citizens, or other persons, or accept the conveyance of bag- 
 gage or other articles, without being licensed as aforesaid by the 
 Mayor. This section shall not be construed to prevent any person 
 employed in any hotel or boarding-house, from conveying any baggage 
 or other articles to or from such hotel and boarding-house, and using 
 a pushcart or wheelbarrow therefor; provided the name of the hotel or 
 boarding-house, and the keeper thereof, be painted distinctly on both 
 sides of such wheelbarrow or handcart, and an a badge worn on the 
 front of his hat or cap, so as to be easily and distinctly seen. 
 
 Sec. 329b. All licenses to public porters, granted as aforesaid, 
 shall run one year from the date thereof, and may be renewed by the 
 Mayor at any time within the said year for a succeeding year. 
 
 Sec. 329c. Every person receiving a license to be a public porter 
 as aforesaid, shall pay to the Mayor, for the use of the City, $1; and 
 the further sum of 25 cents upon the renewal of every such license. 
 
 Sec. 329d. Every- public porter shall wear, in a conspicuous place 
 about his person, so as to be easily seen, a brass plate or badge, 011 
 which shall be engraved his name, the words "public porter." and the 
 number of his license; and it shall be unlawful for any other person 
 to wear or exhibit any badge purporting to be, resembling or similar 
 to the badge of a public porter, and no public pot ter shall permit any- 
 other person to wear his badge or use his name in any way whatever 
 in the transportation or conveyance of anything. 
 
 Sec. 329c Public porters shall be entitled to charge and receive, 
 for the carrying or conveyance of any article any distance within half 
 a mile. 25 cents if carried by hand, and 50 cents if carried on a wheel 
 barrow or handcart; if the distance exceeds half a mile, one -half of the 
 above rates in addition thereto, and in the same proportion for any 
 greater distance. 
 
 Sec. 329L Xo public porter or handcartman shall be entitled to 
 recover or receive any pay or fare from any person for the transporta- 
 tion of any article or articles unless his name and number of license 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 i 
 
 and the rates shall be fixed, and the badge worn, agreeably to this 
 article. 
 
 Sec. 32Qg. Upon the trial of any cause commenced for the re- 
 covery of any of the aforesaid prices or rates, it shall be incumbent on 
 the plaintiff in such action to prove that the badge was worn and the 
 prices fixed, agreeably to the -last preceding section, at the time the 
 services were rendered for which the suit was brought. 
 
 Sec. 329I1. No public porter or handcartman shall neglect or re- 
 fuse to transport any article or articles when required so to do. unless 
 he shall then be actually and otherwise employed, or unless the dis- 
 tance he shall be required to go shall be more than two miles, under 
 the penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 329L No public porter or handcartman shall suffer or per- 
 mit any other person than himself to carry any article or articles in 
 his wheel or hand barrow, or handcart, or to wear his badge, under 
 the penalty of $5 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 329J. If any public porter shall ask or demand any greater 
 rate of pay or compensation for the carrying or conveyance of any 
 articles than is herein provided, he shall not be entitled to any pay 
 for the said service, and to so ask, demand, or receive any greater pay 
 or compensation shall be deemed a violation of this article. 
 
 Sec. 329k. It shall not be lawful for any person to represent him- 
 self as, or to wear or exhibit any badge, inscription, card or device, 
 purporting or implying that he is employed or authorized by the 
 keeper, proprietor, agent or officer of any hotel,' boarding-house, ves- 
 sel, steamboat or railroad- company, to solicit, receive or convey per- 
 sons, baggage, or other things to or from any such hotel, boarding- 
 house, vessel, steamboat or railroad company's station or depot, with- 
 out being actually, and duly authorized by such keeper, proprietor, 
 officer or agent so to do, under the penalty of $25 for every offense. 
 5. Expresses and Expressmen. 
 
 Sec. 330. Every vehicle of whatever construction kept or used 
 for the conveyance of baggage, packages, parcels and other articles 
 within or through The City of New York, for pay, shall be deemed a 
 public express, and the owner shall be deemed a public expressman, 
 and the term expressman shall be deemed to include any common car- 
 rier of baggage, packages, parcels or other articles within or through 
 The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 331. Every public express shall show on each outside there- 
 of the word "Express," or the letters "Exp.," together with the fig- 
 ures of its official number. 
 
 Sec. 332. Every owner of a public express shall give a bond to 
 The City of New York for each and every vehicle licensed in a penal 
 sum of $100, with sufficient surety, approved by the Mayor or Chief 
 of the Bureau of License, conditioned for the safe and prompt deliv- 
 
2 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ery of all baggage, packages, parcels and other articles or things en- 
 trusted to the owner or driver of any such licensed express. 
 
 Sec. 333. The legal rates for regular deliveries, unless otherwise 
 mutually agreed, shall be as follows in the City: 
 
 Between points within any borough — 
 
 Not more than 5 miles apart, each piece $0 40 
 
 Not more than 10 miles apart, each piece 55 
 
 Not more than 15 miles apart, each piece 75 
 
 Between points in different boroughs: One-harf the above rates 
 in addition. 
 
 Special deliveries at rates to be mutually agreed upon. 
 6. Junk Dealers. 
 
 Sec. 334. Any one dealing in the purchase and sale of junk, old 
 rope, old iron, brass, copper, tin or lead, rags, slush or empty bottles 
 shall be deemed to be a junk dealer and the place of business a junk 
 shop, and every such junk dealer shall give a bond to The City of 
 New York with sufficient surety, approved by the Mayor or Chief of 
 the Bureau of Licenses, in the penal sum of $250, conditioned for the 
 due observance of all Municipal ordinances. 
 
 Sec. 335. Every junk dealer shall keep a book in which shall be 
 legibly written, at the time of- every purchase, a description of every 
 article so purchased, the name and residence of the person from whom 
 such purchase was made and the day and hour of such purchase, and 
 such book shall at all reasonable times be open to the inspection of 
 the Mayor, Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, any Police Officer or 
 Magistrate of The City of New York, or any person duly authorized, 
 in writing, for such purpose by any of said authorities and who shall 
 exhibit such written authority to such dealer. 
 
 Sec. 336. No junk dealer shall carry on business at any other 
 place than the one designated in the license therefor, or shall con- 
 tinue to carry on business after such license is suspended or revoked 
 or expired. 
 
 Sec. 337. No junk dealer shall purchase any goods, article or 
 thing whatsoever from any minor, apprentice or servant, knowing or 
 having reason to believe the seller to be such, or from any person or 
 persons whatsoever, between the setting of the sun and the hour of 7 
 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 Sec. 338. If any goods, article or thing whatsoever shall be ad- 
 vertised in any newspaper printed in The City of New York as having 
 been lost or stolen, and if the same, or any answering to the descrip- 
 tion advertised, or any part or portion thereof, shall be or come in the 
 possession of any junk dealer, such dealer shall give information 
 thereof, in writing, to the Chief of Police and state from whom the 
 same was received, and every junk dealer who shall have or receive 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 73 
 
 any goods, article or thing lost or stolen, or alleged or supposed to 
 have been lost or stolen, shall exhibit the same on demand to the 
 Mayor, Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, any Police Officer of Magis- 
 trate of The City of New York, or any person duly authorized, in 
 writing, by any of said authorities, and who shall exhibit such written 
 authority to such dealer. 
 
 Sec. 339. No junk dealer while licensed as such shall be licensed 
 as pawnbroker or deal in second-hand articles in The City of New 
 York. 
 
 Sec. 340. Any vehicle in the streets or any vessel in the waters 
 of The City of New York, used for the purpose of collecting junk, 
 rags, old rope, paper, bagging, old iron, brass, copper, tin, empty bot- 
 tles, slush or lead, shall be deemed respectively a junk cart or junk 
 boat and every junk cart or junk boat shall show on each outside 
 thereof the words "junk cart" or "junk boat." together with the figures 
 of its official number, and no person shall do such collecting in any 
 other way or manner than as aforesaid. 
 
 7. Dealers in Second-Hand Articles. 
 
 Sec. 341. Any one dealing in the purchase and sale of second- 
 hand furniture, metal, clothes or other articles shall be deemed to be 
 a dealer in second-hand articles, and every such dealer in second-hand 
 articles shall give a bond to The City of New York with sufficient 
 surety, approved by the Mayor or Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, in 
 the penal sum of $100, conditioned for the due observance of all Mu- 
 nicipal ordinances. 
 
 Sec. 342. Every dealer in second-hand articles shall kt*ep a book 
 in which shall be legibly written, at the time of every purchase, a de- 
 scription of every article so purchased, the name and residence of the 
 person from whom such purchase was made and the day and hour of 
 such purchase, and such book shall at all reasonable times be open to 
 the inspection of the Mayor, Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, any 
 Police Officer or Magistrate of The City of New York, or any person 
 duly authorized, in writing, for such purpose by any of said authori- 
 ties, and who shall exhibit such written authority to such dealer. 
 
 Sec. 343. No dealer in second-hand articles shall carry on busi- 
 ness at any other place than the one designated in the license therefor 
 or shall continue to carry on business after such license is suspended 
 or revoked or expired. 
 
 Sec. 344. No dealer in second-hand articles shall purchase any 
 goods, articles or thing whatsoever from any minor, apprentice or 
 servant, knowing or having reason to believe the seller to be such, or 
 from any person or persons whatsoever, between the setting of the 
 sun and the hour of 7 o'clock in the morning. 
 
 No article or thing, except wooden furniture, stoves and kitchen 
 utensils purchased in the way of business, shall be sold or disposed of 
 
74 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 by any dealer in second-hand articles until the expiration of one 
 month after such purchase; and no such dealer shall receive any arti- 
 cle by way of pledge or pawn. 
 
 Sec. 345. If any goods, article or thing whatsoever shall be ad- 
 vertised in any newspaper printed in The City of New York as haying 
 been lost or stolen, and if the same, or any answering to the descrip- 
 tion advertised, or any part or portion thereof, shall be or come in 
 the possession of any dealer in second-hand articles, such dealer shall 
 give information thereof, in writing, to the Chief of Police, and state 
 from whom the same was received, and every dealer in second-hand 
 articles who shall have or receive any goods, article or thing lost or 
 stolen, or alleged or supposed to have been lost or stolen, shall ex- 
 hibit the same, on demand, to the Mayor, Chief of the Bureau of Li- 
 censes, any Police Officer, or Magistrate of the City of New York, or 
 any person duly authorized, in writing, by any of said authorities, and 
 who shall exhibit such written authority to such dealer. 
 
 Sec. 346. No dealer in second-hand articles, while licensed as 
 such, shall be licensed as pawnbroker or junk dealer in The City of 
 New York. 
 
 8. Peddlers. 
 
 Sec. 347. Any person hawking, peddling, vending or selling mer- 
 chandise in the streets of The City of New York shall be deemed to 
 be a peddler, and shall be classified as follows: A peddler using a 
 horse and wagon, a peddler using a push cart and a peddler carrying 
 merchandise in business; but the selling of newspapers or periodicals 
 in the street is not hereby regulated in any way. 
 
 Sec. 348. Any vehicle used in peddling shall show on each outside 
 thereof the words "Licensed Peddler," together with the figures of its 
 official number, and any peddler duly licensed to use a horse and wag- 
 on ma}' employ two persons and no more to assist in selling and deliv- 
 ering the wares, but such persons shall so act only while accompany- 
 ing a licensed peddler. 
 
 Any person owning or operating a farm in The City of New 
 York and selling in the streets of said City produce raised on such 
 farm shall not be deemed a peddler within the meaning of this ordi- 
 nance. Any .such person may make application to the Bureau of 
 Licenses upon affidavit setting forth sufficient facts to entitle him to 
 this exemption, and thereupon shall receive a certificate thereof. 
 
 9. Ticket Speculators. 
 
 Sec. 349. Any person selling or offering to sell in any street of 
 The City of New York any ticket of admission to any public place of 
 amusement for any price shall be deemed a ticket speculator, and no 
 ticket speculator shall sell or offer for sale nor shall any tickets of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY'OF NEW YORK 
 
 admission be sold on the sidewalk in front of the entrance to any- 
 place of amusement. 
 
 Sec. 350. No ticket speculator shall deceive any purchaser by mis- 
 stating or misrepresenting what is secured to the purchaser by the 
 ticket sold, under a penalty of not less than $2 nor more than $25 for 
 each offense. 
 
 10. Coal Scalpers. 
 
 Sec. 351. Any person who shall sell, peddle or vend any order 
 or permit in relation to the freighting of coal by canal boat within 
 The City of New York, or offer so to do, shall be deemed to be a 
 coal scalper, and shall give a bond to The City of New York, with two 
 or more sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Chief of the Bureau 
 of Licenses, in the penal sum of $2,500, conditioned for faithful com- 
 pliance with Municipal ordinances. 
 
 11. Common Shows. 
 
 Sec. 352. A common show shall be deemed to include a carousal, 
 Ferris wheel, gravity steeplechase chute, scenic cave, bicycle carous- 
 al, scenic railway, striking machines, switchback, merry-go-round, 
 puppet show ball-game, and all other shows of like character, but not 
 to include games of baseball, or to authorize gambling or any games 
 of chance. 
 
 12. Shooting Galleries. 
 
 Sec. 353. Any shooting gallery in a place open to the public and 
 not otherwise licensed shall be deemed to be included within the terms 
 of this ordinance, and every keeper of a public shooting gallery shall 
 maintain good order and allow no person under sixteen years of age 
 to shoot therein. 
 
 13. Bowling Alleys. 
 
 Sec. 354. Any bowling alley in a place open to the public, and 
 not otherwise licensed shall be deemed to be included within the 
 terms of this ordinance, and every keeper of a public bowling alky 
 shall maintain good order and allow no person under sixteen years 
 of age to bowl therein. 
 
 14. Billiard Tables. 
 
 Sec. 355. Any pool or billiard table in a place open to the public 
 and not otherwise licensed shall be deemed to be included within the 
 terms of this ordinance, and every keeper of a public place where there 
 are pool or billiard tables shall maintain good order and allow no 
 person under sixteen years of age to play therein. 
 
76 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF N*EW YORK. 
 
 15. Dirt Carts and Cartmen. 
 
 Sec. 356. Every vehicle of whatever description, excepting such 
 as shall have painted thereon, on each side, the name and address of 
 the owner thereof in plain letters and figures of at least three inches 
 in length, used in carting or transporting dirt, sand, gravel, clay, pav- 
 ing stones, ashes, garbage or building rubbish within The City of 
 New York shall be deemed a dirt cart. Every vehicle of whatever 
 description, whether or not described as a dirt cart, shall be furnished 
 with a good and tight box. whereof the sides, forepart and tailboard 
 shall be at least 18 inches high, and of sufficient capacity to contain 
 not less than 12 cubic feet, and shall be securely covered when loaded, 
 so as to prevent the contents from being scattered upon the streets. 
 
 Sec. 357. Every dirt cart shall show on each outside thereof the 
 words "Dirt Cart" or the letters "D. C," together with the figures of 
 its official number. 
 
 16. Exterior Hoists. 
 Sec. 358. No person shall hoist anything whatsoever on the out- 
 side of a building from the street into any loft or lower anything on 
 the outside thereof by any means without a license or permit there- 
 for, and giving an indemnity bond to The City of New York, with 
 sufficient surety, approved by the Mayor or Chief of the Bureau of 
 Licenses. 
 
 Sec. 359. Any one generally engaged in such a business shall 
 take out a general license or permit, and any one so hoisting in front 
 of certain premises only shall take out a special license or permit 
 therefor. 
 
 Sec. 360. It shall be the duty of any person, while engaged in 
 such hoisting or lowering over any sidewalk, roadway or public place, 
 to give warning thereof by two conspicuous signs displaying the word 
 "Danger," in letters at least 6 inches long. 
 
 Article 4 — Stands Within the Stoop Lines and Under Elevated Rail- 
 road Stations. 
 
 Sec. 361. No person shall have or use any bootblack stand outside 
 of any building in The City of New York, and there shall be no booth 
 or stand erected or maintained within the stoop lines of any building 
 or under the stairs of the elevated railroad stations in The City of 
 New York without first procuring a license therefor, as hereinafter 
 provided; and any person so doing shall be deemed guilty of n mis- 
 demeanor; and upon conviction before any Magistrate shall be fined 
 by said Magistrate not less than $2 or more than $10 for each of- 
 fense, and in default of payment of such fine may be committed to 
 prison by such Magistrate until the same be paid; but such imprison- 
 ment shall not exceed 10 days. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 77 
 
 Sec. 362. All licenses for bootblacks and stands within stoop 
 lines or under the stairs of the elevated railroad stations in The City 
 of New York shall be granted by authority of the Mayor, and issued 
 by the Bureau of Licenses, for a term of one year from the date there- 
 of, unless sooner suspended or revoked by the Mayor or the Chief of 
 said Bureau, with the approval of the Mayor; and no person shall be 
 licensed except as a citizen of the United States or one who has reg- 
 ularly declared intention to become such citizen, and the time to ob- 
 tain such full citizenship has not yet elapsed. 
 
 Sec. 363. Stands within stoop lines may be permitted and li- 
 censed, with the consent of the owner of the premises and the con- 
 sent of the Alderman of the district in which said stand is to be 
 located, for the sale of newspapers, periodicals, fruits and soda water 
 and the blacking of boots, and no bootblack stand shall be provided 
 with more than three chairs. All such stands shall be classified, and 
 the annual license fees therefor shall be fixed and collected as speci- 
 fied in the schedule following: Stands for the sale of newspapers, 
 periodicals, or both, $5; stands for the sale of fruits or soda water, or 
 both, $10; stands for the sale of newspapers, periodicals, or both, and 
 in addition also fruits or soda water, or both, $15; bootblack stands, 
 each chair, $5. 
 
 Sec. 364. Every such stand must be strictly within the stoop line 
 and shall not be an obstruction to the free use of the sidewalk by the 
 public, and shall not exceed the space of 6 feet long by 4 feet wide, 
 except that in the case of bootblack stands a space of not more than 
 3 feet wide and 4 feet long may be occupied by each chair of such 
 stand. The construction and erection of all stands permitted by this 
 ordinance shall be at the expense of the applicant and under the di- 
 rection of the President of the Borough in which said stand is lo- 
 cated. No person shall be permitted to sleep in any portion of the 
 structure or hold more than one license. The Mayor, or Chief of the 
 Bureau of Licenses, shall have power to transfer a permit or license to 
 another location for the period of its unexpired term; provided, how- 
 ever, that the application for such transfer shall be accompanied by 
 the written revocation of the owner's consent previously given there- 
 for, by the consent of the owner of the premises to which the pro- 
 posed transfer is to be made and by the consent of the Alderman of 
 the district in which said premises are located. 
 
 Sec. 365. Any person desiring to erect a stand or booth under- 
 neath the stairs of any of the elevated railroad stations in The City 
 of New York for the sale of newspapers and periodicals shall file in 
 the Bureau of Licenses an application, having indorsed thereon the 
 consent of the Alderman or of the Local Board of Improvements of 
 the district in which said stand or booth is located, in which the ap- 
 plicant shall specify the location desired for such stand, and no such 
 
78 
 
 ORDINANCES. OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 stand or booth or any projection therefrom shall be erected which 
 is wider than the width of the stairs under which it is placed or 
 which extends along the sidewalk a greater distance than to a point 
 where the under surface of the stairs is not over 7 feet from the level 
 of the sidewalk; and said stand shall be constructed, erected and 
 maintained at the expense of the applicant and under the direction 
 of the President of the Borough in which such stand is located, upon 
 plans to be approved by the Chief Engineer of the elevated railroad 
 company affected, so as to permit a ready removal of so much there- 
 of as may be necessary to enable the said company, its agents or em- 
 ployees, to get convenient access to any part of the said stairways 
 tor the inspection, painting or repairing thereof, and shall be painted 
 the same color as the stairs of the elevated railroad, and no adver- 
 tisement shall be painted or displayed thereon. 
 
 Sec. 366. Every license granted pursuant to the foregoing sec- 
 tion shall contain the following reservation: "It is expressly agreed 
 and understood that this permit is given subject to the right of the 
 elevated railway company affected, its agents, employees, successors 
 or assigns, or the owner of said stairway, at any time properly to in- 
 spect, paint, repair, renew, reconstruct or remove said stairway, for 
 damages to or interference with said booth or stand, or the business 
 therein conducted, occasioned by such inspection, painting, repair, 
 renewal, reconstruction or removal." 
 
 Sec. 367. The licensee shall pay for such a stand or booth under- 
 neath the stairs of the elevated railroad stations the annual license 
 fee of $10. 
 
 Sec. 368. The official license for any stand or booth must be 
 displayed thereon, so as to be easily visible at all times. 
 
 Sec. 369. In the event of a refusal by any Alderman of the con- 
 sent required by the foregoing sections 363, 364 and 365, the appli- 
 cant for license or transfer may present his application to the Board 
 of Local Improvements of the district in which the proposed stand 
 is to be located, and by vote of a majority of the members elected, 
 the consent of the said Board may be substituted for that of the Al- 
 derman. In case an Alderman fails to give his consent as aforesaid 
 within ten days after he has received the application for license or 
 transfer. such failure shall be deemed to be a refusal within the 
 meaning of this section. 
 
 Sec. 370. The Chief of the Bureau of Licenses shall have the 
 power to hear and determine complaints against any of the licensees 
 hereunder, and impose a fine of $2 for any violation of the regulations 
 herein provided, and subject to the approval of the Mayor, shall have 
 power to suspend the license pending payment of such line. All such 
 tines when collected shall be paid into the Sinking Fund for the Re- 
 demption of the City Debt. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 70 
 
 Sec. 371. The Chief of the Bureau of Licenses of The City of 
 New York shall furnish to the Police Board of said City a list of un- 
 expired licenses and permits, such list to contain the names of tin- 
 persons to whom licenses were issued, the place , and business for 
 which issued, and the date of expiration of such license or permit 
 and thereafter, during the first week of each month, the said Police 
 Board shall send to the Captains of Police of the various precincts 
 of The City of New York a list of licenses and permits granted af- 
 fecting their respective precincts, with the names of persons to whom 
 granted, location of stand or business, and date of expiration of such 
 permit or license and also a list of all licenses or permits expiring the 
 month for which the report is sent. 
 
 Sec. 372. Upon a written revocation by the owner or owners in 
 front of or adjoining whose property any such booth or stand shall 
 have been erected, of any consent which shall have been given there- 
 for, signed by such owner or owners and filed in the office of the 
 Mayor, it shall be the duty of the Mayor to revoke the license or per- 
 mit for such booth or stand and the same shall thereupon cease, de- 
 termine and become nujl and void. 
 
 Title 3 — General Regulations and Complaints. 
 
 Sec. 373. All license fees received by the Bureau of Licenses 
 shall be regularly paid over to the City Treasury, except' the license 
 fees received from hackmen, dealers in junk and second-hand articles, 
 and for stands within stoop lines, which shall be paid into the Sink- 
 ing Fund for the Redemption of the City Debt. 
 
 Sec. 374. The Mayor shall have power to appoint Inspectors in . 
 the Bureau of Licenses to see that the provisions of this ordinance 
 are fully and properly complied with; and all licensed vehicles and 
 places of business shall be regularly inspected, and the result of such 
 inspection shall be indorsed on the official license therefor, together 
 with the date of inspection and the signature of the Inspector, and all 
 inspections shall be regularly reported to the Bureau of Licenses. 
 
 Sec. 375. Every license shall have the official license and ex- 
 hibit the same upon the demand of any person; and shall report with- 
 in three days to the Bureau of Licenses any change of residence or 
 place of business; and shall at all times perform the public duties 
 of the business licensed when called upon so to do, if not actually 
 unable. 
 
 Sec. 376. All words, letters and numbers hereinbefore prescribed 
 for licensed vehicles shall be shown permanently and conspicuously 
 on each outside thereof in colors contrasting strongly with back- 
 ground, and not less than 2 inches high, as directed and approved 
 by the Mayor or Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, and shall be kept 
 legible and plainly visible at all times during the term of the license; 
 
8o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 and shall be obliterated or erased upon change of ownership or ex- 
 piration of the license; and no person shall have or use any vehicle 
 with words, letters or numbers thereon like those herein prescribed 
 for licensed vehicles without being duly licensed therefor. 
 
 Sec. 377. Every licensed hackman, whenever with a hack or 
 waiting for employment anywhere in The City of New York; every 
 licensed peddler while peddling; every person while using a licensed 
 junk cart or boat, and every licensed ticket speculator while acting 
 as such, shall wear conspicuously on the left breast of the outer coat 
 a metal badge, of a shape, size and style approved by the Mayor or 
 Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, and furnished by said Bureau, hav- 
 ing engraved or embossed thereon the official designation and num- 
 ber of the license, together with the words "New York City." 
 
 Sec. 378. The Chief of the Bureau of Licenses, or Deputy Chief, 
 shall have power to hear and determine complaints against licensees 
 hereunder and impose a fine of not more than $5 or less than $1 
 for any violation of the regulations herein provided, subject to the 
 approval of the Mayor, who shall have power to suspend the license 
 pending payment of such fine. All such fines, when collected, shall 
 be paid into the Sinking Fund for the Redemption of the City Debt. 
 
 Title 4 — Violations. 
 
 Sec. 379. Except as hereinbefore or otherwise provided, no person 
 shall violate any of the regulations of this ordinance under a penalty 
 of not less than $2 or more than $10 for each offense. No such viola- 
 tion shall be continued under a penalty of $1 for each day so con- 
 tinued. Any person engaging in or carrying on any business herein 
 regulated without a license therefor, or any person violating any of 
 the regulations of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a mis- 
 demeanor, and upon conviction thereof by any Magistrate, either upon 
 confession of the party or competent testimony, may be fined not 
 more than two dollars ($2) for each offense, and in default of pay- 
 ment of such fine may be committed to prison by such Magistrate 
 until the same be paid; but such imprisonment shall not exceed ten 
 days. 
 
 CHAPTER 8— WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Sec. 380. There shall be a Mayor's Bureau of Weights and 
 Measures' in The City of New York, in charge of an Inspector of 
 Weights and Measures, to be appointed by the Mayor and removable 
 by him at his pleasure, who shall be paid a salary of $2,500 per annum. 
 The Sealers and Inspectors of Weights and Measures shall hereafter 
 be known as Deputy Inspectors of Weights and Measures, and they 
 and their successors shall each receive a salary of $1,500 per annum 
 and be removable by the Mayor at his pleasure. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 81 
 
 Sec. 381. The present Sealers and Inspectors of Weights and 
 Measures shall continue to hold office as Deputy Inspectors of Weights 
 and Measures. Any vacancy which shall hereafter occur shall be 
 filled by appointment by the Mayor. 
 
 Sec. 382. Said Inspector and each of said Deputy Inspectors of 
 Weights and Measures shall, before entering upon the duties of his 
 office, execute to The City of New York a bond, with one or more 
 sufficient sureties to be approved by the Mayor, in the penal sum of 
 $2,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 383. All persons using weights and measures, scale beams, 
 patent balances, steelyards or any other instrument in weighing or 
 measuring any article intended to be purchased or sold in The City 
 of New York, shall cause the same to be sealed and marked by a 
 Deputy Inspector of Weights and Measures of said City. 
 
 Sec. 384. Any person who shall, in weighing or measuring any 
 article for purchase or sale within The City of New York, use any 
 weight, measure, scale beam, patent balance, steelyard or other in- 
 strument not sealed and marked as herein required, shall forfeit and 
 pay the sum of $50 for each and every offense. 
 
 Sec. 385. All weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, 
 steelyards and other instruments for weighing, to be sealed and 
 -adjusted by a Deputy Inspector of Weights and Measures in The 
 City of New York, shall be made to conform to the standard of the 
 State, and shall be marked by him with the initials of his name and 
 the date on which the same shall be sealed and marked. 
 
 Upon the written request of any resident of The City of New 
 Y'ork, the Inspector of Weights and Measures shall test or cause to 
 be tested, within a reasonable time after the receipt of such request, 
 the weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards or 
 other instruments used in buying or selling by the person, firm or 
 corporation designated in such request. 
 
 Sec. 386. If any person shall use, in The City of New York, in 
 weighing or measuring, as aforesaid, any weight, measure, scale beam, 
 patent balance, steelyard or other instrument, which shall not con- 
 form to such standard, or shall use in weighing aforesaid, any scale 
 beam, patent balance, steelyard or other instrument which shall be 
 •out of order or incorrect, or which shall not balance, he, she or they 
 shall forfeit and pay for every offense the sum of $25. 
 
 Sec. 387. The Inspector shall keep a register of the name of each 
 person, firm or corporation whose weights, measures, scale beams, 
 patent balances, steelyards or other instruments have been inspected, 
 together with the number and size of same, and what of each was 
 approved and what condemned, with the date of inspection, and such 
 
82 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CIT.V OF NEW YORK 
 
 record shall be open to the inspection of the public at all reasonable 
 times. 
 
 Sec. 388. No person shall sell or offer for sale in any market 
 or in the public streets or in any other place in The City of New 
 York any fruits, vegetables or berries in crates, baskets or other 
 measures, or any butter in prints, or any ice or coal or other fuel at or 
 for a greater weight or measure than the true measure thereof; and 
 all ice, coal, coke, meats, poultry and provisions (except vegetables 
 sold by the head or bunch) of every kind, sold in the streets or else- 
 where in The City of New York, shall be weighed or measured by 
 scales, measures or balances, or in measures duly tested and stamped 
 by the Inspector or Deputy Inspectors of Weights and Measures; 
 provided, that poultry may be offered for sale and sold in other manner 
 than by weight, but in all cases where the persons intending to pur- 
 chase shall so desire and request, poultry shall be weighed as here- 
 inbefore provided. 
 
 Sec. 389. Any weights or scales found by the Deputy Inspector 
 in use in any market or in the public streets, which upon being tested 
 are found to be short in weight by one-quarter of a pound or upwards, 
 may be summarily confiscated and destroyed. 
 
 Sec. 390. No person shall sell or supply any coal or coke within 
 the limits of The City of New York unless there shall be delivered 
 to the person in charge of the wagon or conveyance used in such 
 delivery a certificate duly signed by the person selling such fuel, show- 
 ing the weight of the fuel proposed to be delivered, the weight of 
 the wagon or conveyance used in such delivery, the total weight of 
 fuel and conveyance and the name of the purchaser. 
 
 Sec. 391. No person in charge, of a wagon or conveyance used 
 in delivering coal, coke or other fuel, to whom the certificate men- 
 tioned in the previous section has been given shall neglect or refuse 
 to supply such certificate to the Inspector or Deputy Inspector of 
 Weights and Measures, or to any person designated by cither of them, 
 or to the purchaser or intending purchaser of the fuel being delivered: 
 and when the said officer or person so designated, or the intending 
 purchaser, shall demand that the weight shown by the certificate be 
 verified, it shall be the duty of the person delivering such fuel to 
 convey the same forthwith to some public scale in the district, or to 
 any private scale, the owner whereof shall consent to such use, and 
 permit the verifying of the weight shown, and shall after the delivery 
 of such fuel return forthwith with the wagon or conveyance used to 
 the same scale and verify the weight of said wagon or conveyance. 
 
 Sec. 392. It shall be the duty of the Deputy Inspectors of Weights 
 and Measures, and each of them is hereby authorized, to inspect, ex- 
 amine, test and seal, at least once in each year, and as much oftener 
 as the Inspector of Weights and Measures may deem proper, the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 weights, measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards and other 
 instruments used in The City of New York in weighing and measuring 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 303. Xo person shall refuse to exhibit any weights, tneas 
 ures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards or other instruments 
 to any of said Inspectors for the purpose of being so inspected and 
 examined, under the penalty of $25 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 394. No person shall in any way or manner obstruct, hinder 
 or molest any Inspector of Weights and Measures in the performance 
 of his duties as hereby imposed upon him. under a penalty upon 
 every such person of $25 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 395. All weights, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards 
 and other instruments used for weighing shall be inspected and sealed 
 at the stores and places where the same may be used; but in ca>e 
 they or any oj them shall be found not to conform to the standard of 
 this State, the owner thereof shall within five days, at his expense, 
 have the same so altered and repaired as to conform to the standard 
 of the State, under the penalty of $10 for such neglect. 
 
 Sec. 396. It shall be the duty of each of the said Inspectors to 
 make a record and certificate as hereinafter provided of all the weights, 
 measures, scale beams, patent balances, steelyards and other instru- 
 ments used for weighing and measuring inspected by him. in which 
 he shall state the names of the owners of the same, and whether they 
 are conforming to the standard of the State. 
 
 Sec. 397. It shall be the duty of the Deputy Inspectors of Weights 
 and Measures to report promptly to the Inspector of Weights and 
 Measures the names- of all persons whose weights, measures and 
 other instruments for weighing and measuring shall be found to be 
 incorrect. 
 
 Sec. 398. It shall also be the duty of said Deputy Inspectors to 
 file monthly reports \yjth the Inspector of Weights and Measures, and 
 to make such other and further reports and keep such further records 
 as may be required from time to time by said Inspector. 
 
 Sec. 399. It shall be the duty of the Inspector of Weights and 
 Measures to report forthwith to the Corporation Counsel the names 
 and places of business of all persons violating any of the provisions 
 of this chapter, and of all persons making use of any fraudulent or 
 unsealed weights, measures, scales or other instruments for weighing 
 or measuring. 
 
 Sec. 400. It shall not be lawful for the said Inspector or Deputy 
 Inspcctors to vend any weights, scale beams, patent balances, steel- 
 yards or other instruments to be used for weighing or measuring, or 
 to offer or expose the same for sale in The City of Xew York, under 
 the penalty of $50 for every such offense. 
 
84 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 401. Each Deputy Inspector shall give a certificate to the 
 owner of the weights or measures inspected, and shall keep a record 
 of such certificate given on a corresponding stub. These certificates 
 and corresponding stubs shall be numbered consecutively. The books 
 containing the stubs, after the corresponding certificates have been 
 given out, shall become a public record. The Inspector shall be au- 
 thorized, when required, to certify extracts from these records. 
 
 Sec. 402. All complaints against Deputy Inspectors of Weights 
 and Measures shall be lodged with the Inspector of Weights and 
 Measures, and by him reported, with his recommendation thereon, to 
 the Mayor for his final action. 
 
 Sec. 403. The Deputy Inspectors shall be assigned for service 
 by the Inspector to such district as he may deem proper. Whenever 
 any Deputy Inspector shall resign or be removed from office, it shall 
 be his first duty to deliver at the office of the Inspector of Weights 
 and Measures all the standard weights and measures and other official 
 property in his possession. 
 
 CHAPTER 9— CLEANING STREETS AXD SIDEWALKS. 
 
 Sec. 404. No person or persons shall throw, cast or lay, or 
 direct, suffer or permit any servant, agent or employee to throw, cast 
 or lay any ashes, offal, vegetables, garbage, dross, cinders, shells, 
 straw, shavings, paper, dirt, filth, or rubbish of any kind whatsoever 
 in any street in The City of New York, either upon the roadway or 
 sidewalk thereof, except that in the morning before 8 o'clock or before 
 the first sweeping of the roadway by the Department of Street Clean- 
 ing in the Boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx, dust 
 from the sidewalk may be swept into the gutter, if there piled, but 
 not otherwise, and at no other time. 
 
 The wilful violation of any of the foregoing provisions of this 
 section shall be and is hereby declared a misdemeanor, and shall be 
 punished by a fine of not less than $1 nor more than $10, or by impris- 
 onment for a term of not less than one nor more than five days. 
 
 Sec. 405. No persons other than an authorized employee or agent 
 of the Department of Street Cleaning, or the Bureau of Street Clean- 
 ing in the Boroughs of Queens or Richmond, shall disturb or remove 
 any ashes, garbage or light refuse or rubbish placed by householders, 
 or their tenants, or by occupants or their servants, within the stoop or 
 area line, or in front of houses or lots, for removal, unless requested 
 by residents of house. 
 
 Sec. 406. All persons and corporations engaged in sprinkling the 
 streets, lanes or highways of The City of New York shall be required 
 to contract with the Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Elec- 
 tricity for the purchase and sale of the water necessary therefor, and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XKW YORK. 8s 
 
 obtain the approval of the President of the Borough to such contract,, 
 but in no case shall there be contracted for or used more water than 
 shall be sufficient to thoroughly lay the dust on such streets, lanes- 
 and highways. 
 
 Every street railroad corporation in the Boroughs of Richmond 
 and Queens shall sprinkle the pavement between its tracks and rails 
 when and as often as directed so to do by the Superintendent of 
 Highways. Water shall be furnished for the purpose free of charge 
 by The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 407. No one being the owner, driver, manager or conductor 
 of any cart or other vehicle, or of any receptacle, shall scatter, drop* 
 or spill, or permit to be scattered, dropped or spilled, any dirt, sand, 
 gravel, clay, loam, stone or building rubbish, or hay. oats, sawdusts 
 shavings, or other light materials of any sort, or manufacturing, trade- 
 or household waste, refuse, rubbish of any sort, or ashes or manure., 
 garbage or other organic refuse or other offensive matter therefrom., 
 or permit the same to be blown off therefrom by the wind, in or upon 
 any street, avenue or public place. 
 
 Sec. 408. No person shall throw, cast or distribute in or upon 
 any of the streets, avenues or public places, or in front yards or stoops,, 
 any hand bills, circulars, cards or other advertising matter whatsoever- 
 Sec. 409. Every owner, lessee, tenant, occupant, or other person 
 having charge of any building or lot of ground in the City, abutting 
 upon any street, avenue or public place where the sidewalk is paved, 
 shall, within four hours after the snow ceases to fall, or after the 
 deposit of any dirt or other material upon said sidewalk, remove the- 
 snow and ice. dirt or other material from the sidewalk and gutter. th< 
 time between 9 p. m. and 7 a. m. not being included in the above period 
 of four hours; provided, however, that such removal shall in all such 
 cases be made before the removal of snow and ice from the roadway 
 by the Commissioner of Street Cleaning, or by the Borough President 
 of Queens or Richmond, or suoject to the regulations of said Com- 
 missioner of Street Cleaning or of said Borough President of Queens 
 or Richmond, for the removal of snow and ice, dirt and other material,, 
 except that in the Boroughs of Queens and Richmond any owner,, 
 lessee, tenant or occupant or other person who has charge of any 
 ground abutting upon any paved street, avenue or public place for a 
 linear distance of 500 feet or more, shall be considered to have com- 
 plied with this ordinance if such person shall have begun to remove the- 
 snow and ice from the sidewalk and gutter before the expiration oF 
 the said four hours, and shall continue such removal and shall com- 
 plete it within a reasonable time. 
 
 Sec. 410. In case the snow and ice on the sidewalk shall be frozen 
 so hard that it cannot be removed without injury to the pavement, the- 
 
86 
 
 ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 owner, lessee, tenant, occupant or other person having charge of any 
 building or lot of ground as aforesaid, shall, within the tim.e specified 
 in the last preceding section, cause the sidewalk abutting on the said 
 premises to be strewed with ashes, sand, sawdust, or some similar 
 suitable material, and shall., as soon thereafter as the weather shall 
 permit, thoroughly clean said sidewalk. 
 
 Sec. 411. An>- and all contractors, or any other person or persons, 
 no matter how termed, are hereby forbidden, restrained and are never 
 to be permitted to dump, throw, empty, convey or cause to be con- 
 veyed for the purpose of dumping, any snow, ice or water in a vacant 
 lot of land, if such lot or tract of land be within a radius of 300 feet 
 of a dwelling, factory, school, any public building or any place of 
 business. 
 
 Sec. 41 2. No person shall throw, place or pile, or assist others 
 in throwing, placing or piling any snow, ice or other impediment or 
 obstruction to the running of the cars of any city railroad company, 
 upon the tracks of such company, or in the space between the rails 
 thereof, or in the space between the tracks, and a line distant 3 feet 
 outside of such rails, under a penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 413. Every person who shall throw, expose or place, or who 
 shall cause or procure to be thrown, exposed or placed in or upon 
 any street, highway or public place, except upon the curves, crossings 
 or switches of railroad tracks, any salt, saltpetre or other substance for 
 the purpose of dissolving any snow or ice which may have fallen or 
 been deposited thereon, shall be' guilty of a misdemeanor. It shall 
 not be lawful for any person to throw or place upon the curves, cross- 
 ings or switches of railroad tracks any salt, saltpetre or other sub- 
 stances for the purpose of dissolving snow or ice, unless permission 
 therefor be first obtained from the respective Borough Presidents. 
 
 Sec. 414. Whenever any owner, lessee, tenant, occupant or other 
 person, having charge of any building or lot of ground abutting upon 
 any street or public place where the sidewalk is paved shall fail to 
 -comply with the provisions of any ordinance of the City for the re- 
 moval of snow and ice, dirt or other material from the sidewalk and 
 gutter in the street, on the side of the street on which such building 
 or lot abuts, the Commissioner of Street Cleaning or the Borough 
 President of Queens or Richmond may cause such removal to be made, 
 meeting such expense from any suitable street cleaning or highway 
 fund and thereafter the expense of such removal as to each particular 
 lot of ground shall be ascertained and certified by the said Commis- 
 sioner of Street Cleaning or by the President of Queens or Richmond, 
 to the Comptroller of the City, and the Board of Estimate and Appor- 
 tionment may authorize such additional expenditures as may be re- 
 quired for the said removal of such ice and snow, dirt or other material. 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 87 
 
 to be repaid to the fund from which the payments were made, or 
 instead, in the Boroughs of Queens or Richmond to the special furi(f 
 Restoring and Repaying in said boroughs if the Presidents of these 
 boroughs so elect, with proceeds from the issue and sale of Revenue 
 Bonds which shall be sold by the Comptroller, as provided by law. 
 
 The Commissioner of Street Cleaning or Borough Presidents of 
 Queens or Richmond shall, as soon as possible, after the work is done, 
 certify to the Corporation Counsel the amount of expense chargeable 
 against each piece of property. 
 
 The Corporation Counsel is hereby directed and authorized to 
 sue for and recover the amount of this expense, together with three 
 (3) dollars penalty for each offense, and when so recovered tin- 
 amount shall be turned over to the City Chamberlain to be deposited 
 to the credit of the General Fund of the City of New York for the 
 redemption of taxation. 
 
 Sec. 415. It shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Street 
 Cleaning and the Borough Presidents of Queens and Richmond, imme- 
 diately after every snowfall or the formation of ice on the crosswalks 
 or in the culverts or paved streets, avenues or public places, forthwith 
 to cause the removal of said snow and ice from the said crosswalks and 
 culverts, and to keep the crosswalks and culverts aforesaid clean and 
 free from obstruction. 
 
 Sec. 416. Every street railroad corporation shall remove all the 
 snow and ice from its tracks and the spaces between, and shall not 
 throw the same on either side thereof, and shall immediately carry 
 away and dispose of the same under the direction of the Commis- 
 sioner of Street Cleaning, or the Borough President of Queens or 
 Richmond under a fine of $100 for every City block in length in 
 which the said corporation shall fail to so remove and dispose of tin- 
 same, as aforesaid; provided, however, that for the more speedy and 
 effective removal of snow and ice from the paved streets, avenues 
 and public places of the City, the ^Commissioner of Street Cleaning 
 and the Borough Presidents of Queens and Richmond shall have 
 power and authority in their respective boroughs to enter into agree- 
 ments for the entire winter season, or part thereof, with any stret r 
 surface railroad or other railroad having tracks in the City for the 
 removal of snow and ice for the entire width of the street, avenue or 
 public place, from house-line to house-line, at any part of the route 
 of the said railroad, providing that nothing in said agreements shal^ 
 be inconsistent with any law of the State of New York or with any 
 right of The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 417. It shall not be lawful for any surface railroad company 
 or other company, or any corporation or person whatever, or the 
 officers, agents or servants thereof, to cause or allow any snow plow, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 sweeping machine or other similar instrument to pass over the tracks 
 or lines used by them within the limits of the City unless by written 
 permit of the Commissioner of Street Cleaning or the Borough Pres- 
 ident of Queens or Richmond; any violation of this section shall be 
 punished by a fine not exceeding $100 for each offense. 
 
 No such permit or renewal thereof shall be granted except upon 
 the condition and agreement upon the part of the company applying 
 for such permit or renewal that the party to whom the said permit 
 has been granted shall and will, at his own expense, promptly remove 
 and carry away the snow thrown up by such plow or machine, and 
 that such snow plow., sweeping machine or other instrument shall 
 be so constructed as not to throw any slush or snow upon the side- 
 walks or buildings, under a penalty of $10 for every house or side- 
 walk in front thereof upon which the slush or snow shall be thrown. 
 
 No such permit or renewal shall be granted unless the party to 
 whom granted shall expressly covenant, stipulate and agree that in 
 •case of its failure, neglect or omission to promptly remove and carry 
 .away the snow and ice thrown up by such snow plow or other instru- 
 ment, then the same may be removed under the direction of the 
 •Commissioner of Street Cleaning or the Borough President of Queens 
 or Richmond, and the expense of removing the same shall be paid by 
 the said party to the said Commissioner or the Boruogh President 
 of Queens or Richmond, on demand, and the Board of Estimate and 
 Apportionment may authorize that the amount or amounts of money 
 so paid shall be credited to the appropriation for street cleaning, in the 
 respective boroughs, for the removal of snow and ice; but nothing 
 "herein contained shall be deemed to prohibit said Commissioner or 
 Borough President from demanding, before issuing said permit, and as 
 .a condition thereof, the deposit of such a sum of money or other 
 security as in their judgment may be necessary to pay the cost of 
 properly performing the work above mentioned, together with the 
 ■expense of the inspection thereof. 
 
 In case of neglect or refusal or omission of the party to whom 
 such permit may be granted promptly to remove and to carry away 
 the snow and ice thrown up by such plow or other instrument, then 
 the Commissioner of Street Cleaning or the Borough President of 
 Queens or Richmond may forthwith cause the same to be removed 
 at the public expense, and all expenditures made or incurred therefor 
 shall be chargeable upon the party so neglecting, refusing or omitting 
 to perform its agreement, and shall be recoverable at an action at 
 law on behalf of The City of New York, and when so recovered shall 
 be placed to the credit of the Department of Street Cleaning or the 
 Bureau of Street Cleaning in the Boroughs of Queens and Richmond, 
 .as the case may be. to supply the deficiency occasioned by such addi- 
 tional expenditure. 
 
ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 89 
 
 Sec. 418. Any person violating any provision or regulation hereof 
 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof 
 by any magistrate, either upon confession of the party or competent 
 testimony, may be fined for such offense any sum not less than $1 and 
 not exceeding $3. except as herein otherwise provided; and in default 
 of payment of such fine may be committed to prison by such magis- 
 trate until the same be paid, but such imprisonment shall not exceed 
 one day. 
 
 CHAPTER 10— SALE, USE AXD TRANSPORTATION OF 
 
 EXPLOSIVES. 
 
 Sec. 419. Within thirty (30) days after the passage of this ordi- 
 nance there shall be a Municipal Explosives Commission, which shall 
 be constituted as follows: The said Commission shall consist of five 
 (5) members; the Fire Commissioner of The City of New York shall 
 be ex-officio chairman and a member of the said Commission. The 
 remaining four (4) members shall be appointed by the Mayor, and one 
 of the four (4) must be appointed from a list of ten to be submitted 
 by the New York Section of the American Chemical, Society. The 
 said Commission shall hold office during the pleasure of the Mayor. 
 
 Sec. 420. It shall be the duty of the said Commission to formu- 
 late and adopt such regulations as in its judgment may be necessary to 
 carry out the purpose of this ordinance, and from time to time to add 
 to or in any way change or amend such regulations. The said regula- 
 tions and the amendments thereto and any changes which shall be 
 made therein shall be subject to approval -by the Mayor, and when 
 so approved, shall be published by the Fire Commissioner in the 
 City Record, and in such other manner as he shall deem necessary. 
 
 Sec. 421. Said Commission, hereby established, shall meet at the 
 call of the Fire Commissioner for the consideration of all matters 
 pertaining to this ordinance, and each member thereof shall receive 
 a fee of ten dollars ($10) for his attendance at each meeting. A 
 majority of such Commission shall constitute a quorum for the purpose 
 of doing business. 
 
 Sec. 422. No person, firm or corporation shall have, keep, sell, 
 use, give away or transport any gunpgwder. blasting powder, gun 
 cotton, dynamite, nitro-glycerine or any substance or compound or 
 mixture or article having properties of such a character that alone 
 or in combination or contiguity with other substances or compounds 
 it may decompose suddenly and generate sufficient heat or gas or 
 pressure, or all of them, to produce rapid flaming combustion, or 
 administer a destructive blow to surrounding persons or things, within 
 the corporate limits of The City of New York, excepting in the man- 
 ner and upon the conditions herein provided, and under license issued 
 
90 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 by the Fire Commissioner tinder such regulations as the Municipal 
 Explosives Commission shall prescribe. The said Fire Commissioner 
 shall have power to revoke the license or licenses in case, in his judg- 
 ment, there is an infraction of the provisions of this ordinance or of 
 the regulations of the Municipal Explosives Commission. 
 
 Sec. 423. No licensee shall employ any one in the use or care of 
 explosives as are used in blasting operations unless such person shall 
 hold a certificate of fitness issued to him by the Fire Commissioner 
 under the regulations established by the Municipal Explosives Com- 
 mission. 
 
 Sec. 424. No gunpowder, blasting powder, dynamite, guncotton, 
 nitro-glycerine or such other explosives as may be hereafter designated 
 for prohibition under this ordinance by the Municipal Explosives 
 Commission shall be manufactured in the said City. 1 
 
 Sec. 425. No holder of a license hereunder can avail himself of 
 any of the privileges of the same until he shall have filed a bond with 
 the said Commissioner in the penal sum of net less than one thousand 
 dollars ($i,ooo), nor more than live thousand dollars ($5,000), to be 
 approved by the Comptroller, the amount of the said bond to be de- 
 termined by tlae regulations as prescribed by the Municipal Explosives 
 Commission, said bond to be conditioned for the payment of any loss, 
 damage or injury resulting to persons or property from explosions, 
 and for the strict observance of this ordinance and the regulations 
 made hereunder. 
 
 Sec. 426. The Municipal Explosives Commission may, by a unan- 
 imous vote of its members, subject to the approval of the Fire Com- 
 missioner, provide for an increase of the amount of the bond to be filed 
 with the said Commissioner, in accordance with section 425 of this 
 ordinance, to an amount not exceeding twenty-live thousand dollars 
 ($25,000),- said bond to be approved by the Comptroller, in accordance 
 with section 425 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 427. In case of the violation of the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance or regulations on explosives, even though no damage to persons 
 or property be sustained, twenty (20) per cent, of said bond for the 
 first infraction and the whole amount for the second offense shall be 
 forfeited therefor and paid over to and for the use and benefit of the 
 Relief Fund of the Fire Department of The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 428. The commander, owner or owners of any ship or vessel 
 arriving in the harbor of New York, and having more than twenty- 
 eight (28) pounds of gunpowder or other explosive named in this ordi- 
 nance on board, shall immediately upon arrival and before such ship 
 or vessel shall approach nearer than 300 yards of the pier line of said 
 City, give written notice to the Fire Commissioner of the fact that 
 such explosives are on said vessel. And all vessels having on board 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 91 
 
 or loading explosives exceeding twenty-eight (28) pounds shall cause 
 to be displayed at the masthead nearest the land while remaining 
 within the City limits a red flag at least 5 feet square, and no ship or 
 vessel shall lie at the pier after sunset having more than twenty-eight 
 (28) pounds of explosives without a permit from the said Commis- 
 sioner, said permit to be issued for not exceeding forty-eight (48) 
 hours. 
 
 Sec. 429. Nothing in this ordinance shall be construed to apply 
 to any ship or vessel of war in the service of the United States or 
 any foreign government while lying at a distance of 300 yards or up- 
 wards from the pier line of said City, nor to any ship or vessel of 
 war of the United States while lying in any part of the Navy Yard in 
 the Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 1.. The Discharge of Firearms. 
 
 Sec. 430. No person shall fire or discharge any gun, pistol, fowling 
 piece or other firearms in The City of New York under the penalty 
 of $10 for each offense. The provisions of this section shall not apply 
 to Jones' Wood Colosseum, Washington Park. Hamilton Park. Ben- 
 der's Schutzen Park. Bellevue Garden, Harlem River Park, Lion Park r 
 Christ's Park, Kuntz's Elm Park. National Park, Karl Park, Jerome 
 Park, Fleetwood Park. Hudson River Park. Brien's Undercliff Park, 
 High Bridge; the dock at the foot of One Hundred and Fifty-fifth 
 street, North River, and the property lying between One Hundred 
 and Seventy-second street and Kingsbridge road, while said prop- 
 erty is used for the purpose of a rifle range by the "Fort Washington 
 Rifle Club." and no longer; grounds of Pilkington & Nagle, at Oak 
 Point on the East River; ground of the Metropolitan Baseball Park r 
 corner of P'irst avenue and One Hundred and Seventh street; Man- 
 hattan Park, situated in One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, two hun- 
 dred feet west of Eighth avenue; Cosmopolitan Park, located on One 
 Hundred and Sixty-ninth street and Tenth avenue, near High Bridge : 
 Zeltner's Park, located at the northeast corner* of Third avenue and 
 One Hundred and Seventieth street; St. Nicholas Park, located at One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, between Eighth and Columbus ave- 
 nues; Fort George Park, located on Amsterdam avenue, west side, 
 between One Hundred and Ninety-fourth and One Hundred ami 
 Ninety-seventh streets; Rifle Range, located on east side of Amster- 
 dam avenue, between One Hundred and Eighty-seventh and One 
 Hundred and Eighty-eighth streets; the Manhattan Field, on Eighth 
 avenue, from One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street to One Hundred 
 and Fifty-seventh street; the premises known as Manhattan Casino 
 Park, situated on the north side of One Hundred and Fifty-fourth 
 
<Q2 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 street, between Eighth avenue and Central Park, in the Borough of 
 Manhattan ; the meadow lands at the rear of the Speedway Clay 
 Pigeon Club House and Sherman Creek, at Two Hundred and Sixth 
 street and the Harlem river, in the Borough of Manhattan; the 
 grounds occupied by the Fox Hills Gun Club, on Vanderbilt avenue, 
 Clifton, in the Borough of Richmond; the premises of Tony Eiser, on 
 the northeast corner of One Hundred and Eighty-fifth street and 
 Amsterdam avenue; the Berkeley Oval, on Burnside avenue, between 
 Sedgwick avenue and Macomb's Dam road; the premises of Henry 
 Martens, No. 1151 Stebbins avenue, known as Pioneer Park; the prem- 
 ises of Theobald Noll (Morrisania Scheutzen Park), No. 1390 Boston 
 •avenue; the premises of Morris Dietsch. situated on the East River, 
 adjoining the premises of the Oak Point Yacht Club, in the Borough 
 of the Bronx; the grounds of the Columbia College Gun Club, at 
 AYilliamsbridge; the premises of the Washington Heights Club, One 
 Hundred and Fifty-second street and Amsterdam avenue; the prem- 
 ises of the Country Club of Westchester County, situated on East- 
 -chester Bay, in the late town of Westchester, now New York City; 
 the grounds of Mrs. M. W. Ditmar, in Baychester; the grounds of the 
 Kingsbridge Gun Club; the premises at the corner of Willow avenue 
 and One Hundred and Twenty-ninth street, in The City of New 
 York; the grounds of the Melrose Shooting Club, at the end of Ber- 
 -etto's Point; the grounds of Frank Strassburg, Broadway and Myers' 
 road, Van Cortlandt, New York City; the premises of the Blue Rock 
 Rod and Gun Club, at Southern boulevard and One Hundred and 
 F'ifty-third street, in the Borough of the Bronx; the premises of the 
 Ideal Rod and Gun Club, the Columbia Red and Gun Club and the 
 Frog Inn Gun Club, in the former village of Springfield, Borough of 
 Queens; the premises maintained by Antonio Lazzeri as a shooting 
 .gallery, at Rosebank, in the Borough of Richmond; the premises 
 known as Gosman's Farm, Middleburg avenue. Borough of Queens; 
 the premises of the Craig Lea Red and Gun Club, located on Craig 
 Lea Island. Pelham Bay, in the Borough of the Bronx; the premises 
 of Frederick Lohbauer, known as Bay View Park, Pelham Bay, 
 Throgg's Neck, Westchester, in The City of New York; the premises 
 known as Nunley's Railroad Hotel and Casino, on Seaside boulevard, 
 South Beach. Staten Island; the premises of David Crabb, Linoleum- 
 ville. Staten Island; Madison Square Garden, New York City; the 
 grounds occupied by the Transit Rod and Gun Club, located near 
 Lafayette avenue and the Bronx River. 
 
 2. The Carrying of Loaded Firearms. 
 
 Sec. 431. Any person, other than a peace officer, who shall in 
 any public street, highway or place within The City of New York, have 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 93 
 
 or carry concealed upon his person any loaded pistol, revolver, or 
 other firearm, without theretofore having been authorized, as herein 
 provided, to carry the same, shall be guilty of a minor offense, punish- 
 able by a fine not exceeding $250. or by imprisonment in a penitentiary 
 or county jail for not more than six months, or by both. 
 
 Sec. 432. Any person, except as provided in this ordinance, who 
 has occasion to carry a loaded pistol, revolver or firearm for his pro- 
 tection, may apply to the officer in command at the station-house of 
 the precinct where he resides, and such officer, if satisfied that the 
 applicant is a proper and law-abiding person, shall give the said person 
 a recommendation to the Police Commissioner, who may issue a 
 permit to the said person allowing him to carry such loaded firearm. 
 
 Any non-resident who does business in The City of New York 
 and has occasion to carry a loaded pistol, revolver or firearm while 
 in the said City, must make application for permission to do so to 
 the officer in command at the station-house of the police precinct in 
 which he so does business, in the same manner as is required of 
 residents of the said City, and shall be subject to the same condi- 
 tions and restrictions. 
 
 Sec. 433. If. at the time of the arrest, a loaded pistol, revolver 
 or firearm of any description shall be found concealed on the person 
 of any one arrested, the officer Snaking the arrest shall state such 
 fact to the Magistrate before whom the prisoner is brought, and 
 shall make a separate complaint against such person for violation of 
 the provisions of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 434. The Police Commissioner is hereby authorized and 
 empowered, for reasons appearing to be satisfactory to him, to annul 
 or revoke any permission given under this ordinance. Every person 
 to whom a permit shall be granted, as above provided, shall pay 
 therefor the sum of $2.50. which shall be applied in aid of the Police 
 Pension Fund, and a return, in detail, shall be made to the Comptroller 
 or the Police Commissioner monthly, under oath, of the amount so 
 received and credited. All persons to whom such permission shall 
 be given are hereby declared to be individually responsible for their 
 own acts or the consequences that may arise from the iise of loaded 
 pistols, revolvers or firearms carried under the permission obtained as 
 provided in this ordinance. 
 
 CHAPTER 12— RULES OF THE ROAD. 
 Article 1 — Method of Driving Vehicles. 
 
 Sec. 435. Vehicles Keeping to the Right — Vehicles shall keep to 
 the r'ght, and as near the right-hand curb as possible. 
 
 Sec. 436. Vehicles Meeting — Vehicles meeting shall pass each 
 other to the right. 
 
04 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 437. Vehicles Overtaking Others — Vehicles overtaking others 
 shall, in passing, keep to the left. 
 
 Sec. 438. Turning and Starting — The driver or person having 
 charge of any vehicle, before turning the corner of any street, or 
 turning out or starting from or stopping at the curb line of any street, 
 shall first see that there is sufficient space free from other vehicles, so 
 that such turn, stop or start may be safely made, and shall then give 
 a plainly visible or audible signal. 
 
 Sec. 439. Turning to the Right Into Another Street — A vehicle 
 turning to the right into another street shall turn the corner as near 
 the curb as practicable. 
 
 Sec. 440. Turning to the Left Into Another Street — A vehicle 
 turning to the left into another street shall pass to the right of and 
 beyond the centre of the street intersection before turning. 
 
 Sec. 441. Crossing Streets — A vehicle crossing from one side of 
 the street to the other shall do so by turning to the left so as to head 
 in the same direction as the traffic on that side of the street. 
 
 Sec. 442. Stopping at Curb — Xo vehicle shall stop with its left 
 side to the curb. 
 
 Sec. 443. Driving. Backing, Etc., on Sidewalks — It shall not be 
 lawful for any public cartman, or for any person driving or having 
 charge of any public cart, wagon or other vehicle, to drive or back 
 any such public cart or any other cart, wagon or other vehicle, onto 
 the sidewalk of any of the streets of said City, except as hereinafter 
 provided, or to stop any such cart, or any other vehicle, on any of 
 the crosswalks or intersections of streets so as to obstruct or hinder 
 the travel along such crosswalks or intersections of street, or to place 
 any such carts or other vehicles crosswise of an)' streets of said City, 
 except to load thereon or unload therefrom; but in no case shall it 
 be lawful for any person to permit such cart or other vehicle to re- 
 main so crosswise of any street for a longer period than may be 
 actually necessary for such purpose; but it .shall be lawful for the 
 owner or occupant of any store, warehouse or building in any street 
 or avenue in which the rails of any railroad company are laid so close 
 to the curbstones as to prevent the owners or occupant from keeping- 
 such cart or other vehicle in the carriageway in front of his place 
 of business without interference with the passing cars of any such 
 railroad company to .occupy with such cart or other vehicle during 
 business hours so much of the sidewalk as may be necessary for such 
 cart or other vehicle, provided that sufficient space be retained for the 
 passage of pedestrians between the cart or other vehicle so per- 
 mitted to occupy such portion of the sidewalk and the stoop or front 
 of every such store, warehouse or other building. In no case shall 
 it be lawful to place any such carts, wagons or other vehicles cross- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 95 
 
 wise" of the carriageway on Broadway or Fifth avenue, south of Fifty- 
 ninth street, or on Park Row. nor shall any cart, wagon or other 
 vehicle be permitted to remain in front of any premises on said 
 Broadway or Fifth avenue, south of Fifty-ninth street, or on Park 
 Row, unless placed in close proximity to the curb, with the side of 
 such cart, wagon or other vehicle parallel therewith. 
 
 Sec. 444. In no case shall a vehicle remain backed up to the curb 
 excepting when actually loading or unloading. 
 
 Sec. 445. Stopping Close to Curb Line — Unless in an emergency 
 or to allow another vehicle (as provided in sections 449, 450 and 451) 
 or pedestrian to cross its path, no vehicle shall stop in any public 
 street or highway of this City, except close to the curb line. 
 
 Sec. 446. Obstructing Crossings — Xo vehicle shall stop, for the 
 purpose of taking or setting down a passenger or loading or unload- 
 ing fre'ght, or for any other purpose except in case of accident or 
 other emergency., or when directed to stop by the Police, in such a 
 way as to obstruct any street or crossing. 
 
 Sec. 447. Stopping Xear Corners — Xo vehicle shall stop or stand 
 within the intersection of any r street, nor within 10 feet of a street 
 corner. 
 
 Sec. 448. Surface Cars Taking On or Discharging Passengers — 
 Surface cars shall stop on the far sfde of the street, at the crosswalk, 
 to discharge or take on passengers. 
 
 Sec. 448A. Right of Way — On all public streets and highways of 
 the City, all vehicles going in a northerly or southerly direction 
 shall have the right of way over any vehicle going in an easterly or 
 westerly direction. 
 
 Sec. 449. Right of Way of Certain Vehicles — The officers and 
 men of the Fire Department and Fire Patrol, with their fire apparatus 
 of all kinds, when going to, or on duty, at or returning from a fire, 
 and all ambulances, and the officers and men and vehicles of the 
 Police Department, and all physicians who have a Police permit (as 
 hereinafter provided) shall have the right of way in any street and 
 through any procession, except over vehicles carrying the United 
 States mail. The Police Department is hereby empowered to issue," 
 upon application therefor, permit for such right of way to any duly 
 registered physician, which permit shall not be transferable. 
 
 Sec. 450. Right of Way of Cars — Subject to the preceding section 
 of this article, surface cars running on tracks laid in streets especially 
 for their use shall have the right of way along such tracks, between 
 cross streets, over all vehicles moving in the same direction at a less 
 rate of speed than 10 miles an hour; 'and the driver of any vehicle pro- 
 ceeding upon the track in front of a surface car shall turn out as soon 
 as possible upon signal by the motorman or driver of the car. 
 
96 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 451. Signal in Slowing Up or Stopping — In slowing up or 
 stopping, a signal shall always be given to those behind by raising the 
 whip or hand vertically. 
 
 Sec. 452. Signal for Automobile — Every person driving an auto- 
 mobile or motor vehicle shall, at the request or signal by putting up 
 the hand, from a person driving or riding a restive horse or horses, or 
 driving domestic animals, cause the automobile to immediately stop,, 
 and to remain stationary as long as may be necessary to allow said 
 horses or domestic animals to pass. 
 
 S^ec. 453. Slowly Moving Vehicles — Vehicles moving slowly shall 
 keep as close as possible to the curb line on the right, so as to allow 
 faster moving vehicles free passage on the left. 
 
 Article 2 — Speed. 
 
 Sec. 454. Speed of Vehicles — The following rates of speed 
 through the streets of the City shall not be exceeded, that is: 
 
 Eight miles an hour by bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes and motor 
 vehicles, however propolled, or by passenger and other vehicles drawn 
 by horses or other animal, except that in portions of the City not 
 built up, where the buildings are at least 100 feet apart, a speed of 15 
 miles an hour may be maintained. 
 
 Sec. 455. Exceptions — Nothing in this article shall apply to the 
 apparatus and wagons of the Fire and Police Departments, ambulances, 
 emergency repair wagons of street railroad and vehicles carrying the 
 United States mail. 
 
 Sec. 456. Excessive Speed Prohibited — Xo person riding, driving 
 or in charge of any vehicle on any street, avenue, pathway or drive- 
 way in the City shall drive the same at a speed greater than reason- 
 able and proper, having regard to the traffic and use of the highways, 
 so as to endanger the life or limb of any person. 
 
 Sec. 457. Speed in Crossing Streets and Turning — Xo vehicle 
 shall cross any street or avenue running north and south, or make 
 any turn at a speed rate exceeding one-half its legal speed limit. 
 
 Article 3 — Lights. 
 
 Sec. 458 — Each and every vehicle using the public streets or high- 
 ways of this City, except vehicles of licensed truckmen, shall show, 
 between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise, a light 
 or lights, so placed as to be seen from the front and each side; if 
 dash lantern is carried, it shall be placed on the left-hand side; such 
 light or lights to be of sufficient illuminating power to be visible at a 
 distance of 200 feet; said light or lights shall show white in front, but 
 may be colored on the sides, excepting licensed truckmen. Every 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. <;7 
 
 automobile shall exhibit during the same period two lamps showing 
 white lights visible at a distance of 300 feet in the direction toward 
 which the automobile is proceeding, and shall also exhibit a red light, 
 visible in the reverse direction. The lamps shall be so placed as to 
 be free from obstruction to light from other pans of said automobile. 
 In the Borough of The Bronx, excepting south of Tremont avenue and 
 One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street, east of Jerome avenue and 
 west of the Bronx river, and in the Boroughs of Richmond and 
 Queens, and in the Twenty-sixth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first and Thirty- 
 second Wards of the Borough of Brooklyn, every, car or other vehicle 
 between said hours, while moving on, along or standing upon the 
 portion of streets in said boroughs or parts of boroughs, shall also 
 carry a light or lights of such illuminating power as to be plainly 
 visible 200 feet, both ahead and behind said car or vehicle. 
 
 Sec. 450. Exceptions — But this section shall not apply to any 
 equestrian, or to any animal led or driven, not attached to any vehicle 
 nor to the rider of a bicycle, tricycle or similar vehicle, whose light 
 has become extinguished, and who is necessarily absent from his 
 home, without a light, when .going at a pace not exceeding 6 miles 
 an. hour, when a clearly audible signal is given as often as 30 feet 
 are passed over. 
 
 Article 4 — Improper Use of Streets. 
 
 Sec. 460. Coasting Forbidden to Bicyclists — Xo bicycle shall be 
 allowed to proceed in any street of the City by inertia or momentum, 
 with the feet of the rider removed from the pedals. 
 
 Sec. 461. Trick Riding Forbidden — Xo rider of a bicycle shall re 
 move both hands from the handle-bars, or practice any trick or fancy 
 riding in any street. 
 
 Sec. 462. Carrying Children on Bicycles — Xo bicyclist in The 
 City of New York shall carry upon his bicycle any child under the 
 age of five years. 
 
 Sec. 463. Ages of drivers — Drivers or persons in charge of ve- 
 hicles other than licensed vehicles shall not be less than sixteen years 
 of age. unless provided with a permit from the Police Department. 
 
 Sec. 464. Riding on Back Of Vehicles — Xo person shall ride upon 
 the back of any vehicle without the consent of the driver, and when 
 so riding no part of the person's body must protrude beyond tin- 
 limits of the vehicle. 
 
 Sec 465. "Cruising" .by. Hacks, etc.. Forbidden — Xo public or 
 private hack, while awaiting employment by passengers, shall stajOd 
 in or upon any 'public street or place other than at or upon public or 
 private hackstands, respectively, designated by the Board of Abler 
 men; nor shall any hackman seek employment by repeatedly and 
 persistently driving his hack to and fro in a short space before, or by 
 
98 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 otherwise interfering with proper and orderly access to. or egress 
 from, any theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station, 
 or other place of public gathering, but any hackman may solicit em- 
 ployment by driving through any public street or place without stops 
 other than those due to obstruction of traffic, and at such speed as 
 not to interrupt or impede traffic, and may pass and repass before any 
 theatre, hall, hotel, public resort, railway or ferry station or other 
 place of public gathering, provided that after passing such public 
 place he shall not turn and repass until he shall have gone a distance 
 of two blocks beyond such place. 
 
 Article 5 — Use of Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 466. Driving on Sidewalks — Except as provided in this art- 
 icle no horse or vehicle shall be driven, backed, led or allowed to 
 stand on any sidewalk which has been curbed, except that wares or 
 merchandise in process of loading and unloading, shipment, or being 
 received from shipment, may be transferred from trucks or other 
 vehicles over the sidewalk by the use of skids, or by backing up trucks 
 on the sidewalks in so doing providing a passageway to be kept open 
 within the stoop lines of buildings for the free passage of pedestrians. 
 
 Sec. 467. Leading Bicycles — Riders of bicycles, when dismounted, 
 may lead their bicycles along the sidewalk in single file, and bicycles 
 may be allowed to stand on the sidewalk, provided they are with the 
 stoop line and cause no obstruction. 
 
 Sec. 468. Riding on Sidewalks — Bicycles may be ridden on the 
 sidewalks of any street in the suburbs of the City, the roadway of 
 which is not reasonably rideable for such vehicles. 
 
 Sec. 469. Driving Across Sidewalks — Nothing contained in this 
 article shall prevent the riding or driving of horses or vehicles from 
 private property directly across the sidewalks of any street to the 
 roadway, or from the roadway back to such private property. 
 
 Article 6 — General Rule Covering the Use of Streets. 
 
 Sec. 470. Reasonable Care to be Used — Nothing contained herein 
 or omitted herefrom shall be construed or held to relieve any person 
 using, or traveling, or being upon any street, for any purpose what- 
 ever, from exercising all reasonable care to avoid or prevent injury 
 through collision .with all other persons and vehicles. 
 
 Sec, 471. -^Traffic Not to be Obstructed — No vehicle shall be al- 
 lowed to remain upon or be driven through any street of The City 
 of New York so as wilfully to blockade or obstruct the traffic of 
 that street. 
 
 No vehicle shall be so overloaded that the horse or horses are 
 unable to draw it. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 99 
 
 Article 7 — Powers of Police Department. 
 
 Sec. 472. Police Department to Regulate Traffic — The Police De- 
 partment shall have all powers and duties in relation to the manage- 
 ment of vehicular traffic. 
 
 Sec. 473. The Police Department to See That Ordinances Are 
 Posted — The Police Department shall see that these ordinances are 
 posted in all public stables, and at the hack, cab and truck stands, and 
 shall keep copies of them at all of its stations and issue them on 
 application. 
 
 Article 8 — Definition. 
 
 See. 474. Definition of Terms Used Herein — The following terms, 
 phenever used herein, except as otherwise specifically indicated, shall 
 be defined to have and shall he held to include each of the meanings 
 herein below respectively set forth: and any such term used in the 
 singular number shall be held to include the plural: 
 
 Street — Every avenue, boulevard, highway, roadway, cartway, lane, 
 alley, strip, path, square and place used by or laid out for the use of 
 vehicles. 
 
 Roadway — That portion of any street which is included within 
 the curb or curb lines thereof and is designed for the use of- vehicles. 
 
 Curb — The lateral boundaries of that portion of a street designed 
 for the use of vehicles, whether marked by curbstones or not so 
 marked. 
 
 Vehicle — Every wagon, carriage, omnibus, sleigh, pushcart, bi- 
 cycle, tricycle and other conveyance (except baby carriage), in what- 
 ever manner or by whatever force or power the same max be driven, 
 ridden or propelled, which is or may be used for or adapted to 
 pleasure riding or the transportation of passengers, baggage or mer- 
 chandise upon the street; and every draught and riding animal, 
 whether driven, ridden or led. excepting that an animal or animals 
 attached to any vehicle shall, with such vehicle, constitute one 
 vehicle. 
 
 Article 9 — Penalties for Violations. 
 
 Sec. 475. Penalties for Violations — Any person violating any pro- 
 vision or regulation hereof shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and upon conviction thereof by any Magistrate, either upon confes 
 ■On of the party or by competent testimony, may be lined for such 
 offense any sum not less than $1 and not exceediivg $10. and in default 
 of payment of such tine may be committed to prison by such Magis 
 trate until the same be paid; but such imprisonment shall not exceed 
 ten days. 
 
ioo ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 CHAPTER 13— MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES. 
 1. Official Bonds. 
 
 Sec. 476. Each and every officer or employee of The City of Ne"\v 
 York, whose office or duties correspond to those formerly exercised 
 by officers and employees of the former Corporation, the Mayor. 
 Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of Xew York, except the 
 Comptroller, elected or appointed, shall, upon entering upon the 
 duties of his office or employment, give a bond with sureties to The 
 City of Xew York for the faithful performance of his duties in a 
 corresponding form and in the same amount as bonds were required 
 to be given by the corresponding officers or employees of the- Mayor, 
 Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of Xew York by the Revised 
 Ordinances of the said Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of The 
 City of Xew York of 1897, the said bonds to be approved by the 
 Comptroller of the said City of Xew York. 
 
 Sec. 477. The Comptroller of The City of Xew York shall give a 
 bond in the sum of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000) with a 
 surety company or two or more sufficient sureties to justify in double 
 the amount under oath before a Judge of the Supreme Court on notice 
 to the Corporation Counsel, except that any bond heretofore given by 
 the Comptroller elected at the election of 1897, and approved as here- 
 inbefore required by a Justice of the Supreme Court, shall be taken 
 to be a sufficient bond to comply with this ordinance, provided that 
 the same shall be immediately filed with the City Clerk by the said 
 Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 478. Each Deputy Comptroller shall, before entering upon 
 the duties of his office, execute a bond to the City, with one or more 
 sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of 
 $10,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 479. Before entering upon the duties of his office the City 
 Clerk shall execute a bond to the City, with one or more sufficient 
 sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of 
 $1,000, conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 480. The Corporation Counsel shall, before entering upon the 
 duties of his office, execute a bond to the Corporation, with two suf- 
 ficient sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller and filed in the 
 office of the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned for 
 the faithful performance of the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 481. The Supervisor of the City Record hereafter appointed 
 shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to 
 fehe City, with one or more sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 101 
 
 in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned upon the safe keeping of the 
 money of the City in hi> charge, and upon the faithful performance 
 of the duties of hi* office; and the Deputy Supervisor of the City 
 Record shall, after his appointment, and before entering upon the 
 duties of his office, execute a bond to the City, with one or more 
 sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of 
 $5,000, conditioned upon the faithful performance of the duties of his 
 office. 
 
 Sec. 482. Each Commissioner of Public Works, before entering 
 on the duties of his office, shall execute a bond to the City, with at 
 least two sureties, to be approved by the Comptroller and tiled in the 
 office of the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $10,000, conditioned for 
 the faithful performance of the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 483 The Water Register, before entering upon the duties 
 of his office, shall execute a bond to the City, with two sufficient sure- 
 ties, to be approved by the Comptroller, in the. penal sum of $15,000, 
 conditioned for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 484. The Collector of Assessments and Arrears, before enter- 
 ing upon the duties of his office, shall execute a bond to the City, with 
 at least two sureties to be approved by the Comptroller, and filed in 
 his office, in the penal sum of $20,000. conditioned for the faithful per- 
 formance of the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 485: The Collector of City Revenue and the Superintendent 
 of Markets shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute 
 a bond to the City, with one or more sureties to be approved by the 
 Comptroller, in the penal sum of $15,000, conditioned for the faithful 
 performance of the duties of his office. 
 
 Sec. 486. The Deputy Collectors of City Revenue shall, respec- 
 tively, before entering upon the duties of their office, execute a bond 
 to the City, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the Comp' 
 troller. in the penal sum of $2,000. 
 
 Sec. 487. Before entering upon the duties of his office, the Clerk 
 to the Collector of City Revenue atid the Superintendent of Markets, 
 shall execute a bond to the City, with one or more sureties, to be ap- 
 proved by the Comptroller, in the penal sum of $5,000, conditioned 
 for the faithful performance of the duties of his office. 
 
 2. Public Sessions of Boards. 
 Sec. 488 All meetings of the boards or commissions constituting 
 departments of the City government of The City of New York, for 
 the transaction of public business, shall be held openly, and shall in 
 all cases be accessible to the public. Such meetings shall be held at 
 such times and places as may be determined upon by each of such 
 departments, and due notice thereof shall be published daily in the 
 City Record 
 
IOJ 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 3. Office Hours. 
 
 Sec. 489. The office hours of all public offices in The City of 
 New York, except as otherwise provided by law, shall be from 9 
 o'clock a. m. to 4 p. m., except on Saturday, when such offices shall 
 be closed at 12 o'clock noon, and the heads of all departments may. 
 when public business requires it, keep the said offices open after 4 
 o'clock. 
 
 The office hours of the City Clerk and Clerk of the Board of 
 Aldermen shall be from 10 o'clock a. m. until 4 o'clock p. m., except 
 on Saturdays, when the office hours shall be from 10 o'clock a. m, 
 until 12 o'clock noon. 
 
 4. Sale of Waste Material. 
 Sec. 400. All old and waste matt-rial under the care of any de- 
 partment shall be sold from time to time as it may be deemed best 
 for the public interest so to do, in accordance with the provisions of 
 law a- so provided, the sale of such material t< » be under the im- 
 mediate supervision of the head <»i the bureau having charge of such 
 material, the proceeds therefor to be collected by -aid head of bureau 
 and transmitted within twenty four hours by him to the head of the 
 department for deposit in the city treasury, except as otherwise spe- 
 cially provided. 
 
 5. East River Bridges. 
 
 Sec. 491. The New York and Brooklyn Bridge shall be designated 
 as the Brooklyn Bridge. 
 
 The new East River Bridge shall be designated as the Williams- 
 burg Bridge. 
 
 Bridge No. 3, crossing the East river, shall be designated as the 
 Manhattan Bridge. 
 
 Bridge No. 4, crossing the East river, shall be designated as the 
 Blackwell's Island Bridge. 
 
 6. Payment of Jurors. 
 
 Sec. 492. In pursuance of section 3314 of the Code of Civil Pro- 
 cedure, it is hereby directed that the sum of $2 be allowed to each 
 trial juror, for each day's necessary attendance by him as such a 
 juror at a term of any court of record of civil jurisdiction held 
 within the County of New York; provided, however, that no such 
 juror shall be so paid for attendance on any day on which he shall be 
 excused from service at his own request. 
 
 .7. Flags and Decorations at the City Hall. 
 
 Sec. 493. All power and authority to display flags or other 
 decorations on, in or about the City Hall, or other public buildings, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 103. 
 
 within the City Hall Par.k, is hereby vested in the Mayor of The City 
 of New York, unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Aldermen 
 by a vote of a majority of all the members elected to the Board. 
 
 8. Public Worship in the Streets. 
 
 Sec. 494 No person shall be concerned or instrumental in col- 
 lecting or promoting any assemblage of persons under the pretense 
 of or for public worship or exhortation in the Battery or any of the 
 markejs or\..st.reets or .parks or. any public place in The City. of. New 
 York faid out and appointed for the common use of the citizens, 
 under .the penalty of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 495. It shall be the duty of all Police Officers of The City 
 of New York to prevent all such assemblies and to prosecute, ap- 
 prehend and report to the Corporation Counsel all persons concerned 
 or instrumental in promoting the same. 
 
 Sec. 496. Every Police Officer who shall neglect or refuse to per- 
 form his duty in the premises shall for every such neglect forfeit and 
 pay the "sum of $5. i 
 
 *' -See. 497. Nothing contained in the three preceding sections of 
 this article shall be construed to prevent any clergyman or minister 
 of any denomination or any person responsible to or regularly asso- 
 ciated"with any church. Missionary association or incorporated mis- 
 sionary society located in or working for New York City, or lay- 
 preacher or lay-reader, from preaching in any specified place or 
 places in The City of New York, providing that such person shall 
 have obtained the written permission of either the Mayor, Commis- 
 sioner of Police or one of the Aldermen of the City therefor. 
 
 "Provided, also, that such written permission shall have indorsed 
 upon it the approval or consent of the Aldermen of each district in 
 which any place specified in said written permission shall be located.'' 
 
 Sec. 498. This ordinance shall not be construed to prevent any 
 ministers or people of any church usually called Baptists, from as- 
 sembling in proper places in The City of New York for the purpose 
 of performing the rite of baptism according to the ceremonies of such 
 church. 
 
 Sec. 499. No person shall disturb, molest or interrupt any clergy- 
 man, minister, missionary, lay-preacher or lay-reader who shall be 
 preaching and have obtained permission according to this ordinance 
 or any minister or people who shall be performing the rite of baptism 
 as permitted by this ordinance, nor shall any person commit any riot 
 or disorder in any such assembly, under the penalty of $25 for each 
 offense. 
 
 9. The Display of Immoral Pictures. 
 Sec. 500. No person shall expose, display, post up, exhibit, paint, 
 
io4 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 
 
 print or mark, nor place or cause to be placed any placard, poster, bill 
 or picture of any show, exhibition, theatrical or other performance in 
 or on any building, billboard, wall or fence on any street, nor in or 
 upon any public place, in The City of New York, which shall be oi 
 lewd, indecent, immoral, immodest, vulgar or suggestive character, 
 calculated to debauch the public or shock the sense of decency or 
 propriety. 
 
 Sec. . 501. Any violation of the provisions of section 1 of this 
 ordinance shall be deemed a minor offense, and upon ..conviction 
 thereof, before a City Magistrate, shall be punishable by a fine of not 
 less than $10 nor more than $50; or by imprisonment in the City 
 Prison, or by both; but no such imprisonment, however, shall exceed 
 a term of ten days. 
 
 10. Car Transfers in The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 503. Kvery car owned, operated, managed or controlled by a 
 street surface railroad company in the streets or highways iof The 
 City of New York, shall carry throughout its route on "the -outside, in 
 front and on top of each and every car so operated, a signboartl or 
 placard, upon which shall appear conspicuously the destination of the 
 said car. VEvery such company must carry for a single fare upon such 
 car, without change therefrom, each and every passenger to any regu- 
 lar stopping place desired by him. upon said car's route, in the direc- 
 tion of the destination so designated; and for every violation of the 
 ordinance there shall be recoverable against the company so offending 
 a penalty of $100 in an action to be brought in the name of The City 
 of New York. 
 
 Sec. 504. This ordinance shall not apply to a transfer made to a 
 connecting line, going in a different direction from that in which such 
 car may be going, nor where by reason of any accident compliance 
 with the ordinance is rendered impossible. 
 
 11. The Heating ot Street Cars in The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 505. Each street, surface or other railroad company op- 
 erating or running cars on the surface of any street, avenue or 
 thoroughfare in The City of New York shall, between the first day 
 of October and the first day of April of each year, properly heat and 
 keep heated at least every second car on its line or lines whenever 
 the temperature upon the street shall fall below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. 
 
 Sec. 506. A failure so to heat and keep heated each second or alter 
 nate car where the thermometer shall record a temperature below 40 
 degrees Fahrenheit shall subject the company or companies so violating 
 the conditions of section 505 to a penalty of $25 for each and every failure 
 so to do. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 507. There shall be conspicuously displayed 011 each side of 
 each heated car, when all the cars of the line are not heated, a placard 
 or sign containing the words "Heated Car" in large type. 
 
 Sec, 508, The above sections shall apply only to cars running a 
 distance of three miles or more. 
 
 12. Contracts for Supplies and Work for the City. 
 
 Sec. 509. All supplies to be furnished or work to be done for The 
 City of New York, whether they are paid for out of the City 
 Treasury or out of trust moneys under the control of or to be assessed 
 'or collected by The City of New York, shall be furnished or performed 
 by contract, except where otherwise provided by law. 
 
 Sec. 510. The several departments and officers empowered by law 
 to make contracts on the part of the City shall issue proposals for esti- 
 mates therefor, and advertise the same, as provided by law. There shall 
 be kept by each of said departments an appropriate box, to be designated 
 ''Estimate Box," with a proper opening in the top thereof to receive 
 estimates for which proposals have been issued. Such box shall be kept 
 locked, except at such times as it may be necessary to open the same 
 to examine and decide upon said estimates, and the key thereof shall be 
 retained by the head of the Department. It shall be the duty of the 
 head of the Department to deposit in said box all estimates duly pre- 
 sented to him for work to be done under the direction of the Depart- 
 ment, immediately on the receipt thereof by him. 
 
 Sec. sit. The proposals for estimates shall be in such form as 
 may be prescribed by the Department making the same, and shall contain 
 the v£<|llowing particulars : 
 
 1. " They shall require that the person making the estimate shall 
 furnish the same in a sealed envelope to the head of the appropriate 
 department, at his office, on or before a day and hour therein named, 
 not less than ten days from the first publication thereof 
 
 2. They shall state the quantity and qualit} of supplies, or the 
 nature and extent, as near as possible, of the work required. 
 
 3. They shall state that the estimates received will be publicly 
 opened by the head of the department issuing the proposals, at his office, 
 at a day and hour therein mentioned. 
 
 4. They shall state the amount in which security is required for 
 the performance of the contract. 
 
 5. They shall state, briefly, the several matters required by the next 
 four sections to be contained in or to accompany the estimates 
 
 Sec. 512. Each estimate shall contain — 
 
 1. The name and place of resilience of the person making the same. 
 
 2. The names of all persons interested with him therein; and if no 
 other person be interested, it shall distinctly state thai fact. 
 
io6 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 3. That it is made without any connection with any other person 
 making an estimate for the same purpose, and is in all respects fair, and 
 without collusion or fraud. 
 
 4. That no member of the Board of Aldermen, head of a department, 
 chief of a bureau, deputy thereof, or clerk therein or other officer of 
 The City of New York, is directly or indirectly interested therein, or in 
 the supplies or the work to which it relates, or in any portion of the 
 profits thereof. 
 
 Sec. 513. The estimate shall be verified by the oath, in writing, of 
 the party making the estimate, that the several matters stated therein 
 are in all respects true. 
 
 Sec. 514. The estimate shall be accompanied by the consent, in 
 writing, of two householders .or freeholders -in The City of New York, 
 or of a guaranty or surety .company duly .authorized by law to act a? 
 surety, to the effect that if the. contract -be awarded to {lie person making 
 the estimate, they or it will, upon its being so awarded, become bound as 
 his sureties for its faithful performance, and that if he shall omit or 
 refuse to execute the same, they or it will pay to The City of New York 
 any difference between the sum to which lie would be entitled upon its 
 completion and that which The City of Xew York may be obliged to 
 pay to the person to whom the contract shall be awarded at any sub- 
 sequent letting; the amount in each case to be calculated upon the esti- 
 mated amount of the work by which the bids are tested. 
 
 Sec. 515. The consent mentioned in the last section shall be accom- 
 panied by the oath or affirmation, in writing of each of the persons 
 signing the same, that he is a householder or freeholder in The City of 
 New York, and is worth the amount of the security required for the 
 completion of the contract, and stated in the proposals, over and above 
 all his debts of every nature, and over and above his liabilities, as bail, 
 surety or otherwise, and that he has offered himself as a surety in good 
 faith, and with an intention to execute the bond required by law ; and 
 like affidavit as to sufficiency shall be required of an officer of any 
 company so consenting. 
 
 Sec. 516. The sealed envelope containing the estimate shall be in- 
 dorsed with the name or names of the person or persons presenting the 
 same, the date of its presentation, and a statement of the work to which 
 it relates* and no estimate shall be taken from the '"Estimate Box," or the 
 sealed envelope thereof, opened by any one, except at the time and in the 
 manner herein designated for deciding on such estimates. At the 
 time and place appointed for that purpose in the proposals 
 as prescribed in this article, the head of the Department, or 
 other officers empowered to make the contract, in the pres- 
 ence of the Comptroller, and such of the parties making 
 them as may desire to be present, shall then and there- ..pen the said esti- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 107 
 
 mate box; and the estimates to Be examined at that time, as may appear 
 from the indorsements thereon, shall he taken from said box. The said 
 head of Department shall then and there publicly open and read all esti- 
 mates which he may have received for the contract mentioned in such 
 proposals, and shall reject all estimates not furnished in conformity with 
 the law and the ordinances relating thereto and the requirement- thereof. 
 The award of the contract shall he made according to law. 
 
 Sec. 517. When proposals are issued for a contract to furnish any 
 article of which a sample can conveniently he furnished, the head of the 
 1 department issuing the same may require that such sample be delivered at 
 his office or at the office of the head of the appropriate bureau in his 
 Department within such time before the opening of the estimtes as he 
 may prescribe; audit it be not so furnished, or do not conform to the 
 quality required by the proposals, the estimate delivered J)y the person 
 furnishing or omitting to furnish the same, as the case may be. shall 
 he rejected. 
 
 Sec. 518. In all contracts for work for The City of New York where 
 provision is made for the payment of the contract price by install- 
 ments, a provision shall be inserted that the contractor shall allow 
 te n per cent, of the contract price of the work actually done to remain 
 as security till the whole work shall be completed according to the 
 contract. 
 
 Sec. 519. In all contracts for the work for The City of New Y'ork 
 upon any public building, or in any public street or place, in the perform- 
 ance of which accidents or injuries may happen to the person or property 
 of another, a provision shall be inserted that the contractor shall place 
 proper guards for the prevention of accidents, and shall put up and keep 
 at nights suitable and sufficient lights during the performance of the work; 
 and that he will indemnify The City of New York for damages or costs 
 to which the City may be put by reason of injury to person or property 
 of another resulting from negligence or carelessness in the performance 
 of the work. , 
 
 Sec. 520. Every contract for supplies or work by The City of Xew 
 York shall be executed by the contractor or contractors to whom the same 
 mav^ be awarded, and shall he accompanied by a bond in the penalties 
 mentioned in the proposals, therefor, executed by the persons or company 
 consenting to become hound as sureties, or by such other persons or com- 
 pany as shall he substituted therefor, with the consent of the head of the 
 department making sueh contract, conditioned for faithful performance 
 of the contract and every provision therein contained, and which bond 
 shall be accompanied by the oath, in writing, of the person, signing the 
 ■same, that each is a householder or freeholder in The City of Xew York, 
 and of the person or any officer of such company, that he or it is worth 
 the amount of the security required for the completion of the contract and 
 stated in the proposals, as hereinafter prescribed. And it shall be the 
 
io8 O RDIN A N C E S < ) F T 1 1 E G I T V O P X E W YORK 
 
 duty of the Comptroller to require such sureties to be further examined 
 before himself or an officer authorized in administer oaths deputed by 
 him in respect to the items and details of their property, before approving 
 the adequacy and sufficiency of such sureties. And the several depart- 
 ments of the City government ami officers aforesaid by which every and 
 each contract for work to be done for The City of New York shall be 
 made in pursuance of these ordinances, shall have power and it shall be 
 their duty to require and enforce the faithful execution of each and every 
 contract so made by them ; and in case the contractor or contractors shall 
 fail in any respect to perform the work which he or they have contracted 
 to render or perform within the time limited for the performance of the 
 same, then it shall be the duty of such department or officers aforesaid 
 having charge of such work to do and complete the same in the manner 
 provided for the performance of the same, in the contract, and the cost 
 of the same shall be a charge against such delinquent contractor or con 
 tractors; provided, however, that the head of any department or officers 
 aforesaid, by whom any such contract shall be made, may, on good and 
 sufficient cause extend for a reasonable time the period fixed for the 
 completion thereof. 
 
 Sec. 521. Whenever any contract shall be made hereafter by any of 
 the departments or officers aforesaid of The City of New York the 
 amount whereof is to be afterward collected by assessment from the prop- 
 erty benefited by the work to be done under said contract it shall be the 
 duty of the head of department or officers aforesaid making such contracts 
 to cause to be inserted therein a clause that, as the work progresses, pay- 
 ments will be made to the contractors by monthly installments of 70 per 
 cent, on work performed, provided the amount of work done on each 
 installment shall amount to $1,500; and the head of department making 
 such contracts shall forthwith tile a copy thereof with the Comptroller. 
 
 Sec. 522. Whenever any payment shall become due upon any con- 
 tract, according to the provisions thereof or in accordance with any of 
 the provisions of these ordinances, it shall be the duty of the head of de- 
 partment or officer aforesaid having such work in .-charge lo furjiish_4_he 
 person or persons entitled to such payments a certificate, in writing, spe- 
 cifying the contract upon which such payment is due and the amownt due 
 upon such contract. 
 
 Sec. 523. It shall be the duty of the Comptroller, on the presentation 
 of such certificate being made to him to pay the amount thereof and in- 
 dorse such payment upon the contract upon which said payment is made; 
 but no payment shall be made upon such contract beyond the amount 
 thereof, and final payment thereon shall not be made until head of de- 
 partment or officer aforesaid having such work in charge shall furnish 
 the Comptroller, who shall tile the same in his office, a certificate signed 
 by the head of such department or officer aforesaid, that the work men- 
 
URDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 tioned in such contract has been completed according- to the terms ot ii< 
 contract, and to the satisfaction of the head of department giving »Uc1 
 certificate. 
 
 Sec. 524. The Comptroller shall keep an account of all bonds so is 
 sued, specifying- the particular work on account of which the same may b< 
 issued; and all moneys collected on account of any work for the payment 
 of which said bonds were issued shall be faithfully applied as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 525. Each and every contractor shall be required to haw an 
 affidavit from the surveyor, setting for the amount of work done, of every 
 description, that may be charged in each bill or assessment list of said 
 contract; and said affidavit shall be attached to said assessment list. Th< 
 inspector shall also furnish an affidavit attached to each contract that the 
 work is done according to the plans and specifications, said affidavit to b< 
 attached to each assessment list before presented for confirmation. 
 
 Sec. 526. In all cases of delinquency in the payment of any assess 
 merit for work done under a contract made by any contractor with The 
 City of New York in respect to any street or road, and in respect to 
 building of wharves, piers, slips and sewers in this City, and in all such 
 like contracts on a final settlement with every such contractor, there shall 
 be allowed and paid to such contractor all interest money which shall have 
 been collected on his account or contract, first deducting the collector's 
 commissions on so much of the said interest as shall have been col- 
 lected and received by him. 
 
 Sec. 527. In all contracts for work done at the expense of and by 
 The City of New York for the more speedy execution of any by-laws, 
 ordinances, orders or directions of The City of New York, and which by 
 any law The City of New York is authorized to collect by assessment or 
 otherwise from the owners or occupants, lessees or parties interested in 
 any property deemed benefited thereby, provisions shall be made for the 
 payment of the amount of said contract, on the completion of the work, 
 to the satisfaction of the department making such contract. 
 
 Sec. 528. It shall be lawful for the department making any contract 
 of the character mentioned in the preceding section of this article to make 
 provision for the payment to any contractor of installments on account of 
 such work, as the -same progresses, reserving tlmuy per cent, of the con- 
 tract price of the Avork actually done, to remain as security till the whole 
 work be completed according to the contract. 
 
 13. Transportation of Iron, Steel or Other Material over Street. 
 
 Sec. 520. All rails, pillars and columns of iron, steel or other mate 
 rial, which are being transported over and along the streets of The City 
 of New York upon carts, drays or any other manner, shall be so loaded 
 as to avoid causing loud noises or disturbing the peace and quiet of sUch 
 streets, under penalty of twenty-five dollars for each offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 14. Walks and Bridges Over G 
 
 Sec. 530. It shall be lawful for any person who so desires to place 
 and keen a bridge over the gutter in front of any building other than those 
 used as private residences, except on Broadway, Fifth avenue and Madison 
 avenue, on the following conditions : First — Application must be made to 
 the Bureau of Licenses, and the sum of one dollar per annum, dating from 
 the granting of such permit, paid for the privilege. Second — Every such 
 bridge shall be constructed under the supervision and subject to the di- 
 rection of the President of the Borough in which the same shall be con- 
 structed. Third — Every such bridge shall be so constructed that it can 
 b< < asjly moved, and it shall be the duty of every person to whom such 
 privilege may be granted, and to all persons now enjoying a like- privilege, 
 to clean thoroughly, or cause to be so cleaned, the gutter underneath every 
 such bridge on Wednesday of each week, between the hours of sunrise 
 and 9 o'clock a. m. The Mayor may, for any violation of this ordinance, 
 or on the complaint of any citizen, or for any cause that he may deem 
 sufficient, revoke any permit so granted, or like privilege now enjoyed 
 without a permit. 
 
 Sec. 53 r. No person shall fire, discharge or set off in The City of 
 New York any rocket, cracker, torpedo, squib, balloon or other fireworks, 
 or thing containing any substance in a state of combustion under the pen- 
 alty of five dollars for each offense. 
 
 Section t . The terms "Board," "this Board" and "said Board '" when- 
 ever used in this Code shall be held to mean the "Board of Health of the 
 Department of Health of The City of New York" ; the word "Depart- 
 
 15, The Discharge of Combustible Substances. 
 
 CHAPTER 14— THE SANITARY CODE. 
 Definition of Terms; 
 
 henever used 1 
 r The Citv of N 
 
 t, 
 
 spectively pi 
 and all own 
 in interest, 
 sustain the : 
 referred to 
 where herei 
 herein; the 
 herein, shal 
 
 \" shall rc- 
 verallv, each 
 
 >r phrase any- 
 vh en ever used 
 
 fr 
 
 2 words "City" or "this City" or "said City," whenever used 
 11 be held to mean The City of New York; the word "regula- 
 1 be held to include "special regulations" (which latter will be 
 to time issued, and will contain more detailed provisions than 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 can be herein conveniently set forth) ; the word "permit" shall be con- 
 strued to mean the permission in writing of this Board, issued according 
 to its by-laws, rules, regulations and Sanitary Code; and every "report" 
 * herein required shall he held to be a report in writing, signed by the per 
 son (and indicating his official position) who makes; the same ; the word 
 "light" or "lighted," shall be held to refer to natural, external light; and 
 all words and phrases herein defined shall also include their usual and 
 natural meaning, as well as those herein especially given. 
 
 Sec. 2. The word "street," when used in the Sanitary Code, shall be 
 held to include avenues, public highways, gutters and public alleys; and 
 the words "public place" shall be held to include parks, piers, docks, 
 wharves, and water and open spaces thereto adjacent, and also public 
 yards, grounds and areas, and all open spaces between buildings and 
 streets, in view of such streets ; the word "ashes" shall be held to include 
 cinders, coal and everything that usually remains after fires ; the word 
 "rubbish" shall be held to include all the loose and decayed material and 
 dirt-like substance that attends use or decay, or which accumulates from 
 building, storing or cleaning; the word "garbage" shall be held to include 
 swill and every accumulation of both animal and vegetable matter, liquid 
 or otherwise, that attends the preparation, decay and dealing in, or storage 
 of meats, fish, fowl, birds or vegetables ; and the word "dirt" shall be held 
 to mean natural .soil, earth and stone. 
 
 Sec. 3. A "tenement house" shall be taken to mean and include every 
 house, building or portion thereof, which is rented, leased, let or hired 
 out to be occupied, or. is occupied, as the home or residence of three 
 families or more living independently of each other, and doing their cook- 
 ing upon the premises, or by more than two families upon any floor, so 
 living and cooking, but having a common right in the halls, stairways, 
 yards, water closets or privies or some of them. A "lodging house" 
 be taken to mean and include any house or building, or portion th 
 in which persons are harbored or received or lodged for hire for a single 
 night or for less than a week at one time, or any part of which is lei for 
 any person to sleep in for any term less than a week. A "cellar" shall be 
 taken to mean and include every basement or lower story of a building 
 or house of which one-half or more of the height from the floor t>> the 
 ceiling is below the level of the street adjoining. The phrase "boarding 
 house" shall be held to include every building, and every story and por- 
 tion thereof, which is at any time or usually used, leased or occupied, or 
 intended so to be, by any number of persons exceeding ten, as boarders 
 thereat. The word "manufactory" shall be held to include every building, 
 and every story and portion thereof, in which any sort of labor or work 
 is done, which calls for the continual or usual presence of several persons 
 during several hours of the day or night, engaged about said work or 
 labor; and the word "saloon" shall be held to include every portion of 
 
1 1 2 
 
 ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 any building in which the business of selling meals, liquors, drinks or re- 
 freshments of any kind shall be conducted, and includes "concert saloons." 
 
 Sec. 4. The term "theatre" shall be held to include the building, 
 rooms and place where any play, concert, opera, circus, trick or jugglery 
 show, gymnastic or other exhibition, masquerade, public dance, drill, lec 
 ture, address or other public or frequent gathering or amusement, are, is 
 or may be held, given, performed or take place, and the approach or ap 
 proaches thereto, and appurtenances thereof. 
 
 Sec. 5. The word "physician" shall include every person who practices 
 about the cure of the sick or injured, or who has the charge of, or pro- 
 fessionally prescribes for, any person, sick, injured or diseased, and any 
 person who pursues the business of or acts as midwife; and the phrase 
 ' infectious disease" shall be held to include all diseases of an infectious, 
 contagious or pestilential nature. 
 
 Sec. 6. The word "meat" whenever herein used, includes every part 
 of any land animal and eggs (whenever mixed or not with any other sub- 
 stance) ; and the word "fish" includes every part of any animal that lives 
 in water, or the flesh of which is not meat; and the word "vegetable" in- 
 cludes every article of human consumption as food (not being meat, or 
 fish, or milk) is held or offered or intended for sale or consumption as 
 food for human beings, at any place in said City ; and all fish and meat 
 found therein shall be deemed to be therein and held for such sale or 
 consumption as such food, unless the contrary be distinctly proved. 
 
 Sec. 7. The word "cattle" shall be held to include all animals, ex- 
 cept birds, fowl and fish, of which any part of the body is used as food; 
 1 he word "butcher"shall be held to include whoever is engaged in the 
 business of keeping, driving or slaughtering" any cattle or in selling am 
 meat; the words "private market" shall include every store, cellar, stand 
 and place (not being a part of a public market) at which the business 
 is the buying, selling or keeping for sale of meat, fish or vegetables for 
 human food. 
 
 Misfeasance and Nonfeasance. 
 
 Sec. 8. No person shall carelessly or negligently do or devise or con- 
 tribute to the doing of any act or thing dangerous to the life, or detri- 
 mental to the health of any human being nor shall any person knowingly 
 do or advise or contribute to the doing of any such act or thing (not 
 actually authorized by law), except with justifiable motives, and for ade- 
 quate reasons; nor shall any person omit to do any act, or to take any 
 precaution, reasonable and proper, to prevent or remove danger or detri- 
 ment to the life or health of any human being. 
 
 Obedience to Ordinances and Regulations. 
 
 Sec. 9. Every contractor in these ordinances referred to and every 
 person who has contracted or undertakes, or is bound to do. or is engaged 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. nj 
 
 ill doing an> one of the things, in respect of which these ordinances contain 
 provisions or regulations, shall comply with these ordinances, to the extent 
 that any contract, obligation or duty requires or permits; and no direction 
 of any contractors or persons shall excuse him for a non compliance with 
 my of said ordinances. 
 
 Sec. 10. It is hereby declared to be the duty of every owner and part 
 owner and person interested, and of every lessee, tenant and occupant of 
 or in any place, water, ground, room, stall, apartment, building, erection, 
 vessel, vehicle., matter and thing in The City of New York, and of every 
 person conducting or interested in business therein or threat, and of every 
 person who has undertaken to clean any place, ground or street therein, 
 and of every person, public officer and department having charge of any 
 ground, place, building or erection therein, to keep, place and preserve the 
 same and the sewerage, drainage and ventilation thereof in such condition, 
 and to conduct the same in such manner that it shall not be a nuisance or 
 be dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. The term "building," as 
 nsed in this section, includes a railway car, booth., tent, shop or other 
 erection or enclosure. 
 
 Sec. ii. Every person shall observe and obey each and every special 
 regulation and every order of this Board that is or may be made, for 
 carrying into effect any of the ordinances or powers hereinbefore or here- 
 inafter contained, or any law of this State or otherwise, whether issued 
 directly by the Board, or promulgated by any Bureau charged therewith, 
 ts if the same had been herein inserted at length. 
 
 Sec. 12. No person sliall omit or refuse to comply with, or resist, any 
 of the provisions of the Sanitary Code, or any of the rules, orders, sani- 
 tary regulations, or ordinances established or declared by this. Board under 
 or pursuant to any of the provisions of the seventy-fourth chapter of the 
 Laws of 1866; or of chapter 686 of the Laws of 1866; or of chapter 956 
 of the Laws of 1867; or of chapter 335 of the Laws of 1873; or of chapter 
 757 of the Laws of 1873 ; or of chapter 636 of the Laws of 1874; or of 
 chapter 378 of the Laws of 1897; or of chapter 466 of the Laws of 1901 ; 
 nor shall any person refuse or neglect to comply with any of the pro 
 visions of the said laws in so far as the same arc- now in force and ap 
 plicablc to The City of \'ew York; or omit, refuse or neglect the execu- 
 tion of any order or special regulation of this Department; no person shall 
 interfere with or obstruct any Inspector of this Department when making 
 the inspections or examinations ordered by this Board, or when executing 
 its orders. 
 
 Sec. 13. The owner, lessee, tenant, and occupant of any build 
 ing or premises, or of any part thereof, where there shall be a nui- 
 sance, or a violation of any ordinance or section of the Sanitary Code, 
 shall be jointly and severally liable therefor, and each of them may 
 be required to abate the nuisance, or complj with the order of the 
 
ii4 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Board of Health in respect to the premises or the part thereof, of 
 which such person is owner, lessee, tenant or occupant. 
 
 Sec 14. Whenever a nuisance in any place or upon any premises 
 in The City of New York shall have been found or declared by reason 
 of the Board of Health to exist, and an order shall have been made 
 directing the owner, lessee., tenant or occupant of such premises to 
 make suitable and necessary repairs or improvements, or to abate the 
 said nuisance, such repairs or improvements shall be made, and such 
 nuisance shall be fully abated within the time specified in and by said 
 order. 
 
 False Statements, 
 
 Sec. 15. No person shall make any false or untruthful statement 
 in any application for a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Dwellings, Lodging-Houses and Other Buildings, Ventilation, Drain- 
 age and Plumbing. 
 
 Sec. 16. No person shall hereafter erect, or cause to be erected 
 or converted to a new purpose by alteration, any building or struc- 
 ture, or change the construction of any part of any building by addi- 
 tion or otherwise, so that it, or any part thereof, shall be inadequate 
 or defective 'in respect to strength, ventilation, light, sewerage, or any 
 other usual, proper, or necessary provision or precaution for the 
 security of life and health; and no person shall make or use a smoke 
 house or room, or apparatus for smoking meat, without a permit 
 from the Board of Health, and subject to the conditions thereof, nor 
 shall the builder, owner, lessee, tenant or occupant of any such, j>r 
 of any other building or structure, cause or allow any matter or thing 
 to be or be done in or about any such building or structure danger- 
 ous or prejudicial to life or health. 
 
 Sec. 17. No owner or lessee of any building «>r any part thereof, 
 shall lease or let or hire out or allow the same or any portion thereof 
 to be occupied by any person, or allow any one to dwell or lodge 
 therein, except when said building or such parts thereof are suffi- 
 ciently lighted, ventilated provided and accommodated, and are in 
 all respects in that condition of cleanliness and wholesomeness for 
 which this Code or any law of this State provides, or in which they 
 or either of them require any such premises to be kept. Nor shall 
 any such person rent, let, hire out, or allow, having power to pre- 
 vent the same, to be used as or for a place of sleeping or residence, 
 any portion or apartment of any building, which apartment or por- 
 tion has not at least two feet of its height and -pace above the level 
 of every part of the sidewalk and curbstone of any adjacent street, 
 none of which the floor is damp by reason of water from the ground, 
 or which is impregnated or penetrated by any offensive gas, smell, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK 
 
 or exhalation prejudicial to health. But this section shall not prevent 
 the leasing, renting, or occupancy of cellars or room- less elevated 
 than aforesaid, and as a part of any building rented or let, when 
 they arc not let or intended to be occupied or used by any person as 
 a sleeping apartment, or as a principal or sole dwelling apartment. 
 
 Sec. 18. No person having the right and power to prevent the 
 same shall knowingly cause or permit an)' person to sleep or remain 
 in any cellar, or in any bathroom, or in any room where there is a 
 water-closet, or in any place dangerous or prejudicial to life or 
 health, by reason of a want of ventilation or drainage, or by reason 
 of the presence of any poisonous, noxious, or offensive odor« or sub- 
 stance or otherwise. 
 
 Sec. 19. No owner, lessee, or keeper of .any tenement-house, 
 lodging-house, boarding-house, or manufactory, shall cause or allow 
 the same to be overcrowded or cause or allow so great a number 
 of persons to dwell, be or sleep in an)- such house, or any portion 
 thereof, as thereby to cause any danger or detriment to life or health. 
 
 Sec. 20. Every person who shall be the owner, lessee, keeper 
 or manager of any tenement-house, boarding-house, lodging-house, 
 or manufactory, provide or cause to be provided, for the accom- 
 modation thereof and for the use of the tenants, lodgers, boarders 
 and workers thereat, adequate privies, or water-closets, and the same 
 shall be adequately ventilated, and shall at all times be kept in such 
 cleanly and wholesome condition as not to be offensive, or be dan- 
 gerous or detrimental to life or health. And no offensive smell or 
 gases, from or through any outlet or sewer, or through any such 
 privy or water-closet, shall be allowed by any person aforesaid to 
 pass into such house or any part thereof, or into any other house 
 or building. 
 
 Sec. 21. For all lodging-houses in The City of New York con- 
 taining rooms in which there are more than three beds for the use 
 of lodgers or in which more than six persons are allowed to sleep, 
 a permit from the Board of Health shall be required, and no person 
 shall have, lease, let or keep any such lodging-house or the lodgings 
 therein, or assist in keeping, hire, or assist in hiring, or conduct the 
 business of any such lodging-house, or the lodgings therein, except 
 pursuant to the terms and conditions of such permit. The beds in 
 all lodging-houses and in every room in which beds arc let for 
 lodgers shall be separated by a passageway of not less than two feet, 
 horizontally, and all the beds shall be arranged that under each one 
 of them the air shall freely circulate and there shall be adequate 
 • ventilation. Four hundred cubic feet of air space shall be provided 
 and allowed for each bed or lodger. 
 
 Fee. 22. Every owner, lessee, tenant and manager of any board- 
 ing-house of manufactory, shall cause every part thereof and its 
 
u6 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 appurtenances to be put, and .shall thereafter cause the same to be 
 kepi, in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and shall cause every 
 room thereof in which any person may sleep, dwell or work, to be 
 adequately lighted and ventilated; and, if the same he a manufactory, 
 shall cause every part thereof in which any person may work, to be 
 maintained al such temperature, and be provided with such accom- 
 modations and safeguards as not, by reason of the want thereof, or 
 of anything about the condition of such manufactory or its appurte- 
 nances, to cause any unnecessary danger or detriment to the life or 
 health of any person being properly therein or thereat. 
 
 Sec. 23. All filthy and dirty walls and ceilings of any building, 
 including the walls and ceilings of the cellar thereof, shall be thor- 
 oughly cleaned and whitewashed whenever required bv the Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Sec. 24. The roofs and skylights of all buildings shall be kept in 
 a condition of repair so that rain water shall not enter the building 
 
 Sec. 25. No master or teacher, or manager of or in any school, 
 public or private, or of or in any Sunday school or gymnasium, or the 
 officers or managers thereof, or officers or managers or persons hav- 
 ing charge of any place of public worship, shall so far omit or neglect 
 any duty or reasonable care or precaution respecting the safety or 
 health of any scholar, pupil or attendant, or respecting the tempera 
 lure, ventilation or cleanliness or strength of any church, hall of wor- 
 ship, school house, school room or place of practice or exercise, or 
 relative to anything appurtenant thereto, as that by reason of such 
 neglect or omission, the life or health of any person shall suffer or 
 incur any avoidable peril or detriment, and no day nursery shall be 
 conducted in The City of New York without a permit from the Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Sec. 26. Every keeper or proprietor of a hotel or boarding- 
 house, and every other person having for use a bathing-house upon 
 any beach or shore of the ocean, for the accommodation of hi- 
 guests or other persons for pay, shall provide for the safety of such 
 bathers two lines of sound, serviceable and strong manilla or hemp 
 rope not less -than one inch . in diameter, anchored at some point 
 above high water, at the same distance apart as the line of bathing- 
 houses, or space fronting on such beach occupied by him is in width: 
 and from the two points at which such life lines are so anchored, 
 such line shall be made to extend as far into the surf as bathing is 
 ordinarily safe and free from danger of drowning to persons not 
 expert in swimming, and at such points of safety such lines shall 
 be anchored and buoyed. From the two points of such lines so 
 extended, anchored and buoyed, a third line shall be extended, con 
 necting the two extremities, and buoyed at such points as to be 
 principally above the surface of the water, thereby inclosing a space 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY O* MEW YORK. 
 
 within such lines and the beacli within which bathing is believed t< 
 be safe. Every such keeper or proprietor <>r other such person 
 shall cause to be painted and put up in some prominent place upon 
 the beach, near such bathing-houses, the following words: "Bathing 
 beyond the lines dangerous." Such lines so placed, anchored and 
 buoyed and such notice so put up, shall continue and be so main 
 tained by ever}' such keeper, proprietor or oilier person during th< 
 entire season of surf bathing. The owner of a bathing-house shall 
 not be subject to the provisions of this section where it is used, occu- 
 pied or maintained by a lessee for hire, but such lessee shall b< 
 deemed the keeper or proprietor thereof. No bathing establishment 
 shall be maintained in The City of New York or along the water 
 front of said City without a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sewerage and Drainage. 
 
 Sec. 27. Every person using, making or having any drain soil 
 pipe, passage or connection between any sewer (or with any river 
 or other body of water) and any ground, building, erection or place 
 of business, and in like manner every owner or tenant of any grounds T 
 buildings or erections, and every person interested in such plac*. <>* 
 business or the business thereat, and in like manner every Board,. 
 Department, officer and person (to the extent of the right and author- 
 ity of each), shall cause and require such drain, soil pipe, passage 
 and connection to be at all times adequate lor its purpose, and t< 
 convey and allow, freely and entirely, to pass whatever enters or 
 should enter the same; and no change shall be made of the drainage, 
 sewerage or the sewer connection of any house or premises, in vol v 
 ing changes in the drainage, sewerage or sewer connection of an> 
 other house or premises unless at least thirty days' notice thereof in 
 writing shall have been previously given to this Department, and to 
 the owner or occupant of the premises affected by such change. 
 
 Sec. 28. It shall be the duty of all Boards, Departments, officers 
 and persons having power and authority so to do or require (and to 
 the extent thereof) to cause sufficient water to be used, and other 
 adequate-'-nieans to be taken, so that whatever substances may enter 
 any sewer shall pass speedily along and from the same, and sufti 
 ciently far into some water or proper -reservoir, that no accumula- 
 tions shall take place, and no exhalations proceed therefrom, dan- 
 gerous or prejudicial to life or health. 
 
 Sec. 20. No brick, sheet metal or earthenware material or chim- 
 ney flue shall be used as a sewer ventilator, or to ventilate any trap, 
 drain, soil or waste pipe. 
 
 Sec. 30. The soil, waste and vent pipes in an extension to any 
 building must be extended above the roof of the main building if 
 within 30 feet of the front or rear windows of the main building or 
 
ti8 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 of an adjoining building, or if so located as to cause a nuisance. 
 
 Sec. 31. All joints in iron drain pipes, soil and waste pipes, must 
 t>e filled with oakum and lead and hand caulked so as to make them 
 gas tight. All connections of lead with iron pipes must be made with 
 a brass sleeve or ferrule of the same size as the lead pipe, put in 
 the hub of the branch of the iron pipe, and caulked with lead. The 
 lead pipe must be attached to the ferrule by a wiped or overcast joint. 
 All connections of lead waste and vent pipes shall be made by means 
 of wiped joints. 
 
 Sec. 32. All house drains, waste, soil and vent pipes, traps and 
 water pipes in any building and premises shall at all times be kept in 
 good order and repair, so that no gases or odors shall escape there- 
 from and so that the same shall not leak. 
 
 Sec. 33. Every water closet, urinal, sink, basin, wash tray, bath 
 and every tub or set of tubs and hydrant waste pipe must be sep- 
 arately and effectively trapped; except where a sink and wash tubs 
 immediately adjoin each other, in which case the waste pipe from 
 the tubs may be connected with the inlet side of the sink trap. Traps 
 must be placed as near the fixtures as practicable, and in no case 
 shall a trap be more than two feet from the fixture. In no case shall 
 the waste from a bath tub or other fixture be connected, water sup- 
 the waste from a bath tub or other fixture be connected with a water 
 closet trap. No trap vent pipe shall be used as a waste or soil pipe. 
 
 Sec. 34. No drain pipe from a refrigerator shall be connected 
 with the soil or waste pipe, but it shall discharge into a properly 
 trapped, sewer-connected, water supplied open sink. No overflow 
 pipe from a tank shall discharge into any soil or waste pipe, or 
 water-closct trap, or into the drain or sewer, but it may discharge 
 upon the roof or into an open water supplied tank. 
 
 Sec. 35. Rain water leaders shall be sound, tight and adequate 
 lor their purpose, and shall not be used as soil, waste or vent pipes, 
 <>r be connected therewith: nor shall any soil, waste or vent pipe be 
 used as a leader. When within the house, the leader must be of cast 
 iron, with leaded joints: when outside of the house and connected 
 with the house drain it must be trapped beneath the ground or just 
 inside of the wall, the trap being arranged in either case so as to 
 prevent freezing. In every case where a leader opens near a window 
 or a lightshaft, it must be properly trapped at its base. The joint 
 between a cast iron leader and the roof must be made gas and water 
 tight by means of a brass ferrule and lead or copper pipe properly 
 ■connected. 
 
 Sec. 36. The waste or soil pipes in every lodging-house or other 
 •dwelling in The City of New York shall be ventilated by extending 
 the same by means of a pipe of the same size to the height of not 
 less than two feet above the roof of the building. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 37. No privy vault or cesspool shall be allowed to remain 
 on any premises, or shall be built in The City of New York, unless 
 when unavoidable. The sides and bottom of every privy vault, cess- 
 pool or school sink in The City of New York must be impermeable 
 and secure against any saturation of the walls or the ground above 
 the same. No water-closet or privy shall be constructed wtihout 
 adequate provision for the effectual and proper ventilation and cleans- 
 ing thereof. 
 
 Sec. 38. No person, persons, company or corporation shall cause, 
 permit or allow any sewerage, drainage, factory refuse or any foul 
 or offensive liquid or other material to flow, leak, escape or be emptied 
 or discharged into the waters of any river, stream, canal, harbor,, . 
 bay or estuary, or into the sea within the City limits, excepting under 
 low-water mark, and in such manner and under such conditions that : 
 no nuisance can or shall be caused thereby or as a result thereof. 
 
 Street Drainage. 
 
 Sec. 39. Every person, when cleaning any street, shall clean, , 
 and every contractor shall cause to be cleaned, the gutters and parts 
 of the street along which the water will run, before using any water 
 to wash the same; and no substance that could be before scraped 
 away shall be washed or allowed to be carried or be put into the . 
 sewer or into any receptacle therewith connected. 
 
 Sec. 40. No person being owner, lessee, tenant or occupant of 
 any building or premises, shall allow any water or other liquid to 
 run from or out of such building or premises upon or across any 
 sidewalk or curbstone, and if such substance is allowed to pass into 
 any street, it must reach the same by a passage, to be kept at all times 
 adequate and in repair, under or through such flagstone or curbstone; 
 and no water or other liquid, or ice therefrom, shall be allowed to 
 gather or remain on the upper surface of such curb, flagstone or 
 passage; nor shall such person allow any accumulation of such water 
 or liquid, or the ice therefrom, upon any street or place, but shall at 
 all times cause the same to be removed or to pass along the gutter 
 or some proper passage to one of the rivers or into a sewer. 
 
 Sec. 41. Every owner, tenant, lessee and occupant of any build- 
 ing or lot (whether vacant or occupied) within or near the built-up- 
 portions of said City, shall keep and cause to be kept the sidewalk 
 and flagging, and curbstone in front thereof, free from obstructions 
 and nuisances of every kind, and shall not allow anything in the area 
 or yard or on or about his premises to become a nuisance, or dan- 
 gerous or prejudicial to life or health. 
 
 Food and Drink. 
 Sec. 42. No meat, fish, birds, fowl, fruit, vegetables or milk not 
 
j.2o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 feeing then healthy, fresh, sound, wholesome and safe for human food, 
 nor any meat or fish that died by disease or accident, shall be brought 
 into The City of New York, or offered or held for sale as such food 
 anywhere in said City, nor shall any such articles be kept or stored 
 therein. 
 
 Sec. 43. No calf, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into The 
 City of New York or held, sold or offered for sale for human food, 
 which, when killed, was less than four weeks old, or when killed and 
 dressed weighs less than forty-five (45) pounds. No pig, or the meat 
 thereof, shall be brought into The City of New York, or held, sold, 
 or offered for sale for human food which, when killed, was less than 
 five weeks old. No lamb, or the meat thereof, shall be brought into 
 The City of New York, or held, sold or offered for sale for human 
 food which, when killed, was less than eight weeks old. Nor shall 
 any meagre, sickly, or unwholesome fish, birds or fowl be brought 
 inte said City, or held, sold or offered for sale for human food. 
 
 Sec. 44. No cattle shall be killed for human food while in an 
 overheated, feverish or diseased condition; and all such diseased 
 -cattle, in The City of New York, and the place where found and 
 their disease, shall be at once reported to this Department by the 
 owner or custodian thereof, that the proper order may be made rel- 
 ative thereto, or for the removal thereof from said City. 
 
 Sec. 45. The body of any animal or any part thereof, which is 
 to be used as human food, shall not be carted or carried through the 
 streets or avenues, unless it be covered to protect it from dust and 
 -dirt; and no meat, poultry, game or fish shall be hung or exposed 
 . for sale in any street or outside of any s-hop or store, or in the open 
 windows or doorways thereof, in The City of New York. No meat 
 or dead animal above the size of a rabbit shall be taken to any public 
 or private market to be sold for human food until the same shall 
 have been full}- cooled alter killing, nor until the entrails, head and 
 feet (except of poultry and game and except the heads and feet of 
 -wine) shall have been removed. 
 
 Sec. 46. No breadstuffs, cake, pastry, dried or preserved fruits, 
 candies or confectionery shall be kept, sold or offered for sale out- 
 side of a building in The City of New York or in any street or public 
 place, unless they be kept properly covered so that they shall be pro- 
 tected from dust and dirt. 
 
 Sec. 47. No person, being the manager or keeper of any saloon, 
 boarding-house or lodging-house, or being employed as a clerk, ser- 
 vant or agent thereat, shall therein or thereat, offer or have for food 
 or drink, or to be eaten or drunk, any poisonous, deleterious or un- 
 wholesome substance, nor allow anything therein to be done or to 
 occur dangerous to life or prejudicial to health. 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OV NEW YORK. 
 
 See. 48. No meat, fish, fruit, vegetable or milk or unwholesome 
 liquid shall knowingly be bought, sold, held, offered for sale, labeled., 
 or any representation made in respect thereof, under a false name or 
 quality or as being what the same is not, as respects wholesomeness, 
 soundness or safety for food or drink. 
 
 Sec. 49. Every person, being the owner, lessee, or occupant or 
 any room, stall or place where any meat. fish, fruit or vegetables- 
 designed or held for human food, shall be stored or kept, or shall be 
 held or offered for sale, shall put and keep such room, stall and 
 place, and its appurtenances ' in a cleanly and wholesome condition 
 and every person having charge, or interested or engaged, whether 
 as principal or agent, in the care or in respect to the custody or saK- 
 of any meat, fish, fruit, birds, fowl or vegetables, designed for human 
 food, shall put and preserve the same in a cleanly and wholesome 
 condition, and shall not allow the same, or any part thereof, to be 
 poisoned, infected, or rendered unsafe or unwholesome for human 
 food. 
 
 Sec. 50., No .butcher or .dealer, shall keep in any market any re- 
 frigerator or ice-box, unless the same shall be lined with some proper 
 metallic substance, so as to be water tight. 
 
 Sec. 51. In the sale, or keeping for sale, of any beverage or 
 drink, no person shall keep or use any tap, faucet, tank, fountain or 
 vessel, or any pipe or conduit in connection therewith, which shall 
 be composed or made, either wholly or in part, of brass, lead, copper 
 or other metal or metallic substances that arc of will be affected by 
 liquids so that dangerous, unwholesome or deleterious compouin^ are 
 formed therein or thereby, or such that beer, soda water, syrup> or 
 other liquids, or any beverage, drink or flavoring material drawn 
 therefrom shall be unwholesome, dangerous or detrimental to health. 
 
 Sec. 52. No person shall have at any place where milk, butter 01 
 cheese is kept for sale, nor shall at any place sell, deliver, or otter 
 or have for sale, or keep for use, nor shall any person bring or Send 
 to said City any unwholesome, skimmed, water or adulterated milk 
 or milk known as "swill-milk," or milk from cows or other animals 
 that for the most part have been kept in stables or that have beef: 
 fed in whole or in part on swill, or milk from sick or diseased cows 
 or other animals, or any butter or cheese made from any such mjlk, 
 or any unwholesome butter or cheese. 
 
 Sec. 53. No milk which is watered, adulterated, reduced or 
 changed in any respect by the addition of water or other substance, 
 or by the removal of cream, shall be brought into The City of New 
 York, or held, kept, sold or offered for sale at any place in said City 
 nor shall any one keep, have, sell or offer for sale in the said City 
 any <?uch milk. 
 
122 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 The term "adulterated milk." when so used in this code, means: 
 First — Milk containing more than 88 per centum of water or 
 fluids. 
 
 Second — Milk containing less than 12 per centum of milk solids. 
 
 Third — Milk containing less than 3 per centum of fats. 
 
 Fourth* — Milk drawn from animals within fifteen days before or 
 five days after parturition. 
 
 Fifth — Milk drawn from animals fed on distillery waste, or any 
 substance in a state of fermentation or putrefaction, or on any un- 
 wholesome food. 
 
 Sixth — Milk drawn from cows kept in a crowded or unhealthy 
 condition. 
 
 Seventh— rMilk from which any part of the cream has been re- 
 moved. 
 
 Eighth — Milk which has been diluted with water or any other 
 fluid or to which has been added or into which has been introduced 
 any foreign substance whatever. 
 
 Ninth — Milk the temperature of which is higher, than 50 degrees 
 Fahrenheit. 
 
 Sec. 54. Any milk found to be adulterated, which. has been 
 brought into The City of New York, or is held or offered for sale in 
 said City, may be seized and destroyed by any Inspector or other 
 officer of this Department authorized to inspect same. 
 
 Sec. 55. No condensed milk which is adulterated shall be brought 
 into The City of New York, or held, kept, sold or offered for sale at 
 any place in said City, nor shall any one have, keep, sell or offer for 
 sale in said City any such condensed milk. The words "condensed 
 7nilk" means pure milk from which any part of the water has been 
 removed and to which sugars have been added. The term "adul- 
 terated," when used in this section, refers to condensed milk in which 
 the amount of fat is less than 25 per cent, of the milk solids con- 
 tained therein, or to which any foreign substance whatever has been 
 added, excepting sugars, as in preserved milks. 
 
 Sec. 56. No milk shall be received, held, kept, offered for sale 
 or delivered in The City of New York without a permit from the 
 Board of Health and subject to the conditions thereof. 
 
 Sec. 57. No cream which is adulterated shall be brought into 
 The City of New York or held, kept, sold or offered for sale in said 
 City, nor shall any one keep, have, sell, or offer for sale in said City 
 any such cream. The term "cream" means the fatty portions of pure 
 milk which rise to the surface when the milk is left at rest, or which 
 are separated by other means. The term "adulterated," when used 
 in this section, refers to cream to which any foreign substance 
 whatever has been added. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 58. Upon any cattle, milk, meat, birds, fowl, fish or vcg 
 etables being found by an Inspector or other officer of this Depart- 
 ment in a condition which renders them, in his opinion, unwholesome 
 and unfit for use as a human food, or in a condition or of a weigh t 
 or quality in this code condemned or forbidden, he is empowered, 
 authorized and directed to immediately condemn the same and cause 
 it to be removed to the offal or garbage dock for destruction, and 
 report his action to the Department without delay. 
 
 And the owner or person in charge thereof, w r hen so directed by 
 the said Inspector or by an order of the Sanitary Superintendent or 
 an Assistant Sanitary Superintendent, shall remove, or cause the same 
 to be removed, to the place designated by the said Inspectors or 
 the order of said Sanitary Superintendent or Assistant Sanitary Super- 
 intendent, or to the offal dock, and shall not sell or offer to sell or 
 dispose of the same for human food. And when, in the opinion of 
 the Sanitary Superintendent or an Assistant Sanitary Superintendent, 
 any such meat, fish, fruits or vegetables shall be unfit for human 
 food, or any such animal, cattle, sheep, swine or fowls, by reason of 
 disease or exposure to contagious disease, shall be unfit for human 
 food, and improper or unfit to remain near other animals, or to be 
 kept alive, the Board of Health may direct the same to be destroyed r 
 as dangerous to life and health, and may order any such animals, 
 cattle, sheep, swine or fowls to be removed by any Inspector, police 
 officer or agent of this Department, to be killed and taken to the offat 
 dock. 
 
 Sec. 59. It shall be the duty of every manufacturer, importer or 
 other person who manufactures or imports, in The City of New York, 
 any artificial or natural or mineral, spring or other water for drinking 
 purposes, to file, under oath, with the Department of Health, the 
 name of such water and the exact location from which it is obtained, 
 together with the chemical and bacteriological analysis thereof, and, 
 when manufactured, the exact formula used in its production, giving 
 qualitatively and quantitatively each and every item entering into its 
 composition. No person shall manufacture or bottle mineral, car- 
 bonated or table waters in The City of New York without a permit 
 from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 60. Every butcher or milk dealer, and their agents, shall 
 allow the parties authorized by this Department to freely and fully 
 inspect the cattle, meats, fish, vegetables and milk held or kept by 
 them, or intended for sale, and will be expected to answer all reason- 
 able and proper questions asked by such persons relative to the con 
 dition thereof, and of the places where such articles may be 
 
 Water. 
 
 Sec. 61. No person shall throw or allow to run or pass into 
 any public reservoir, water pipe or aqueduct, or into or upon any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 border or margin thereof, or excavation or stream therewith con- 
 nected, any animal, vegetable or mineral substance whatever; nor 
 shall any person (having power or right to prevent the same) do or 
 permit any act or thing that will impair or peril the purity or whole- 
 someness of any water or other fluid used or designed as a drink, 
 in any part of said City; nor shall any person bathe or (except in the 
 discharge of a public duty) put any part of his person into such 
 water; nor shall any unauthorized person open any erection or un- 
 screw any hydrant holding such water. 
 
 Sec. 62. It shall be the duty of every person, officer, Department 
 and Board having any authority and control in regard to any water 
 designed for human consumption (and within the proper sphere of 
 the duty of each thereof) to take all usual and also all reasonable 
 measures and precautions to secure and preserve the purity and 
 wholesomeness of such water. 
 
 Sec. 63. Water from wells in the Borough of Manhattan shall 
 not be used for drink; nor shall such water be used for any purpose 
 in any tenement or lodging-house, hotel or manufactory or buildings 
 ai which persons are living or employed, or in which there are offices, 
 •or a restaurant or saloon, without a permit from the Board of Health. 
 Water from wells in the other boroughs of said City, other than the 
 public water supply, shall not be used in an}- tenement or lodging- 
 house, hotel, manufactory or buildings in which persons are living 
 or employed, or in which there are offices or a restaurant or saloon, 
 without a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 64. Xo person shall destroy or in anywise injure or impair 
 any drinking hydrant, or part thereof, in the said City : nor shall any 
 person interfere with the use or enjoyment of the water therein, or 
 therefrom, or interrupt the flow thereof, nor shall any person put 
 any dirty, poisonous, medicinal or noxious substance into or near said 
 water or hydrant, whereby such water is made or may be regarded 
 as dangerous or unwholesome as a drink. 
 
 Drugs. Medicines, Adulterations and Poisons. 
 
 Sec. 65. Xo person shall make, prepare, put up, administer or 
 d^pense any prescription, decoction or medicine under any deceptive 
 or fraudulent name, direction or pretence; nor shall an)' ingredient be 
 substituted for another in any prescription; nor shall any false or 
 deceptive representation be made by any person to any other, as to 
 the kind, quality, purpose or effect of any such drug, medicine, decoc- 
 tion, drink or other article offered or intended to be taken as such 
 food or medicine. 
 
 Sec. 66. No poison shall be sold at retail by any person in The 
 City of New Y r ork without having affixed to the bottle, box, parcel 
 or receptacle containing such poison, a label bearing the word 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 125 
 
 "Ppi'son," distinctly shown, printed or 1 written in red ink. together 
 with the name and place of business of the seller and the name of 
 the poison printed or written upon such bottle, box. parcel or recep- 
 tacle in plain, legible characters. 
 
 Sec. 67. No phenol, commonly known as carbolic acid, shall be 
 sold at retail by any person in The City of New York, except upon 
 the prescription of a physician, when in a stronger solution than 5 
 per cent. 
 
 Sec. 68. No person shall have, sell or offer for sale in The City 
 of New York any food which is adulterated. The term "food," as 
 herein used, shall include every article of food and every beverage 
 used by man, and all confectionery. Food, as herein defined, shall be 
 deemed adulterated: 
 
 (a) If any substance or substances has or have been mixed with 
 it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength. 
 
 (b) If any inferior or cheaper substance or substances have 
 been substituted wholly or in part for the article. 
 
 (c) If any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or 
 in part abstracted. 
 
 (d) If it be an imitation or be sold under the name of another 
 article. 
 
 (e) If it consists wholly or in part of diseased or decomposed or 
 putrid or rotten animal or vegetable substance, whether manufactured 
 or not, or. in the case of milk, if it is the produce of a diseased animal. 
 
 (f) If it be colored, or coated, or polished, or powdered, whereby 
 damage is concealed, or it is made to appear better than it really is, 
 or of greater value. 
 
 (g) If it contains any added poisonous ingredient, or any ingre- 
 dient which may render such article injurious to the health of the 
 person consuming it: or it it contains any antiseptic or preservative 
 not evident and not known to the purchaser or consumer. 
 
 An article of food which does not contain any ingredient injurious 
 to health shall not be deemed adulterated, in the case of mixtures or 
 compounds which may be now, or from time to time, known as articles 
 of food under their own distinctive names, or which shall be labeled 
 so as to plain-ly indicate that they are mixtures, combinations, com- 
 pounds or blends. 
 
 Spirituous, fermented and malt liquors shall be deemed adulterated 
 if they contain any substance or ingredient not normal or healthful 
 to exist in spirituous, fermented or malt liquors, or which may be 
 deleterious or detrimental to health when such liquors are used as a 
 beverage. 
 
 Confectionery should be deemed adulterated if it contains terra 
 alba, barytes, talc or other mineral substances or poisonous colors or 
 flavors, or other ingredients deleterious or detrimental to health. 
 
126 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 69. No person shall manufacture, produce, compound, brew, 
 distill, have, sell or offer for sale in The City of New York any drug 
 which is adulterated. The term "drug," as herein used, shall include 
 all medicines for external or internal use, or both. Drugs, as herein 
 defined, shall be deemed adulterated: 
 
 (a) If, when sold by or under a name recognized in the United 
 States Pharmacopoeia, it differs from the standard of strength, quality 
 or purity laid down therein. 
 
 (b) If, when sold by or under a name not recognized in the 
 United States Pharmacopoeia, but which is found in some other 
 pharmacopoeia, or other standard work on materia medica, it differs 
 materially from the standard of strength, quality or purity laid down 
 in such work. 
 
 (c) If its strength and purity fall below the professed standard 
 under which it is sold. 
 
 Cattle, Horses. Etc. 
 
 Sec. 70. Xo cattle, sheep, swine, horse, goose, mule, or any dan- 
 gerous or offensive animal, shall be allowed by any owner, or by any 
 person having charge of the same to go at large in any street or 
 public place in The City of New Y 7 ork. 
 
 No pigs, swine or cattle shall be unloaded from any cars upon 
 any street or public place in The City of Xew York, except pursuant 
 to a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 No cattle, pigs, swine or sheep shall be driven to any slaughter- 
 house in the Borough of Brooklyn, except between the hours of 
 eight in the evening and one hour after sunrise of the next morning; 
 nor shall more than 20 cattle, or more than 100 pigs or swine, or 
 more than 150 sheep, be driven together; and they shall be driven 
 in the streets and avenues (leading toward their destination) where 
 they will least endanger the lives of human beings, as the Department 
 of Health may designate; provided, that when the landing or trans- 
 portation of cattle shall have been delayed or prevented by ice. fog 
 or unavoidable accident, the Board of Health may, at its discretion, 
 give a permit to land and drive such cattle at other hours than those 
 designated herein, but in no case shall cattle be driven past any 
 school or church. 
 
 Sec. 71. Xo cattle shall be kept in any place where the ventila- 
 tion is not adequate and the water and food are not of such quality 
 and in such condition as to preserve their health, safe condition, and 
 wholesomeness for food. 
 
 Sec. 72. Xo cows shall be kept in The. City of New York without 
 a permit from the Board of Health. Every stable and place where 
 any cows, horses, or other animals may be. shall be kept at all times 
 in a cleanly and wholesome condition, and properly ventilated, and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY. OF NEW YORK 127 
 
 no person, shall allow any animal to be therein,' which is infected 
 with any contagious or pestilential disease. 
 
 Sec. 73. No horses shall be yarded and no cattle, swine, or sheep, 
 geese or goats, shall be kept or yarded within or adjacent to the 
 built-up portions of The City of New York, without a permit from 
 the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 74. No cattle, with or without their young calves, shall be 
 led through or along the streets of The City of New York without 
 a permit from the Board of Health and in strict accordance with 
 the routes, hours and conditions prescribed thereby: and no person 
 shall lead, or attempt to lead, or cause to be led, any cattle otherwise 
 than singly, one person with each, nor upon any sidewalks provided, 
 however, that sheep may be driven on route prescribed for them, 
 pursuant to the terms and conditions of the permits issued by the 
 Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 75. No cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be driven in 
 the streets or avenues of the Borough of Manhattan without a permit 
 from the Department of Health, except in those cases where the 
 said cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be landed at the foot of the 
 street leading to the slaughter-house to which they shall be destined, 
 and where the streets shall be effectively barred or closed, so as to 
 prevent the escape of such cattle, etc., during the transfer from the 
 dock to the slaughter-house. No cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall 
 be landed in the Borough of Manhattan except in accordance with 
 the provisions and restrictions of this ordinance. 
 
 No cattle, sheep, swine or calves shall be driven in the Boroughs 
 of Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens and Richmond, except in such 
 streets or avenues as shall be set apart and designated by the Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Sec. 76. No cellar in The City of New York shall be occupied 
 as a stable for horses, cattle or other animals, without a permit from 
 the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 77. No cattle shall be placed or carried, while bound or tied 
 by their legs, or bound by their necks, in any vehicle in said City, 
 but shall be allowed freely to stand in such vehicle when transported, 
 and while being therein. 
 
 Sec. 78. No person shall take or drive or allow to go or be 
 taken (having the right and ability to prevent the same), any horse 
 or other animal, or any vehicle, upon any sidewalk or foot-path in 
 front of any building, to the peril of any person, nor shall any person 
 block -up or obstruct any street or place, or contribute thereto. 
 
 Fowls and Small Animals. 
 
 Sec. 79. No live chickens, geese, ducks, or other fowls shall be 
 brought into, or kept, held, or offered for sale, or killed, in any yard, 
 
128 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 area, cellar, coop, building, premises, or part thereof, or in any public 
 market, or an any sidewalk, street, or other place within the built-up 
 portions of The City of New Y 7 ork without a permit from the Board 
 of Health and subject to the conditions thereof. 
 
 Sec. 80. No person shall sell or keep for sale at any place in 
 The City of New York any dogs, cats, birds or other small animals 
 without a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec v 81. No live pigeons shall be kept within the built-up por 
 tion of The City of New Y T ork without a permit from the Board of 
 Health and subject to -the conditions thereof. 
 
 Sec. 82. No person shall kill or dress any animal or meat in 
 any market, and the keeping and slaughtering of all cattle and the 
 preparation and keeping of all meat and fish, birds and fowl, shall be 
 in that manner which is. or is generally reputed. .or known to be, 
 best adapted to secure and continue their safety and wholesomeness 
 as food. 
 
 Sec. 83. The business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, pigs 
 or calves shall not be conducted in The City of Xew York without a 
 permit from the Board of Health. Nor shall such business be con 
 ducted unless the same shall be in* buildings located on or near the 
 water front, and all buildings shall be constructed so as to receive 
 all stock deliverable thereat from boats, cars, or transports, and to 
 secure the proper care and disposition of all parts of the slaughtered 
 animals upon the premises, or the immediate removal thereof by 
 means of boats. It shall not be unlawful, however, to slaughter 
 cattle, sheep, swine, pigs or calves in the Borough of Brooklyn, at 
 such places where such business was established and carried on 
 January 3, [898. 
 
 Sec. 84. The business of slaughtering cattle, sheep, swine, ptg> 
 or calves in the Borough of Manhattan shall be conducted on the 
 west side of the borough, between the north of the middle line of the 
 block between West Thirty-eighth and West Thirty-ninth streets and 
 the south side of West Forty-first street, Eleventh avenue and North 
 River, inclusive, and the slaughtering of cattle, sheep or calves on 
 the east side of the borough shall be between the north of the middh 
 line of the block between East Forty-second and East Forty-third 
 
 and East River, inclusive. 
 
 Sec. 85. No building shall be erected or converted into, or used 
 as a slaughter-house in The City of Xew York until the plans thereof 
 have been duly submitted and approved in writing by said Board, 
 and no building occupied as a slaughter-house or any part thereof, 
 or any building on the same lot shall be occupied at any time as a 
 
 Slaughtering and Slaughter-Houses. 
 
 street and the south 
 
 avenue 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 129 
 
 dwelling or lodging-place; and every such building shall at .ill limes 
 be kept adequately and thoroughly ventilated. 
 
 All floors where any meat; refuse, -offal, fertiliser or any other 
 materials, derived directly or indirectly from slaughtering of animals, 
 are treated or handled, must be made water tight,". properly drained 
 and sewer-connected, and the walls of the killing, meat dressing and 
 cooling rooms' must be covered to the height of 6 feet above the floor 
 with some non-absorbent material. 
 
 The yards, other than where cattle are kept, must be cemented 
 or paved so as not to absorb liquid filth, and be so graded as to per- 
 mit the same to flow into the sewer opening. 
 
 All woodwork, except floors and counters, must be painted or 
 whitewashed. 
 
 Blood from slaughtered animals must not be allowed to flow 
 into the sewer or river, but while still fresh must be treated so as 
 not to become offensive. All offensive odors arising from the hand- 
 ling of meat and treating of and earing for offal, blood or any other 
 material stored or manufactured, must be cared for by destruction 
 or condensation, and not allowed to escape into the outside air. 
 
 Sec. 86. No horses shall be slaughtered in The City of New 
 York without a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 The bringing into The City of New York and the keeping or 
 selling of horse flesh for food, and the slaughtering of horses for 
 food in said City are prohibited. 
 
 Sec. 87. No offal or butcher's refuse shall be conveyed through 
 any street or any avenue or over any ferry in The City oi New York 
 without a permit from the Board of Health, and when so . conveyed 
 must be in tight boxes, barrels or receptacles, and tightly covered 
 so that no odor shall escape therefrom. 
 
 No offal or butcher's refuse shall be brought into The City of 
 New York. . 
 
 Offensive Trades. 
 
 Sec. 88. No person shall have any offensive water or other 
 liquid or >ubstance on his premises or grounds, to the prejudice of 
 life or health, whether for use in any trad; or otherwise; and no 
 establishment or place of business lor tanning, skinning, or scouring, 
 or for dressing Ir'des or leather, or for carrying on any offensive 
 or noisesome trade or business, .shall hereafter be opened, started, 
 established or maintained in The City of New York, without a permit 
 from the Board of Health. And every such establishment now 
 existing shall be kept cleanly and wholesome, and be so conducted in 
 every particular as not to be offensive, or prejudicial to life or health. 
 
 vSec. 80. No person or corporation being a manufacturer of g.i--. 
 "r engaged about the manufacture thereot, shall throw or deposit, 
 or allow to run, or shall permit to be thrown or deposited in any 
 
f.30 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 
 
 public waters, river or stream, or in any sewer therewith connected, 
 or in any street, or public place, any gas, tar or any refuse matter 
 of or from any gas house works, manufactory, mains or service 
 pipes, or permit the escape of any offensive odors from their works, 
 mains or pipes, nor shall any such person or corporation permit 
 to escape from any of their works, mains or pipes any gas dangerous 
 or prejudicial to life or health, or manufacture illuminating gas of 
 such ingredients and quality that in the process of burning it any 
 substance which may escape therefrom shall be dangerous or prejudi- 
 cial to life or health; or fail to use the most approved or all reason- 
 able means for preventing the escape of odors. 
 
 No buildings shall be erected or converted into or used as a place 
 for the manufacture of illuminating gas until the plans of such build- 
 ings and the location thereof have been duly approved in writing by 
 the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 90. Tt shall not be lawful for any person or persons, in- 
 corporated or unincorporated, to carry on, establish, prosecute or 
 continue, within the Borough of Manhattan, the occupation or trade 
 or business of bone boiling, bone burning, bone grinding, horse 
 skinning, cow skinning, or skinning of dead animals, or the boiling 
 of offal; and any such establishment or establishments, or place of 
 such business existing within said borough, shall be forthwith re- 
 moved out of said borough, and such trade, occupation or business 
 shall be forthwith abated and discontinued, providing that nothing 
 in this section contained shall apply to the slaughtering or dressing 
 of animals for sale in said City. 
 
 Sec. 91. The business of bone crushing, bone boiling, bone 
 grinding, bone or shell burning, lime burning, horse skinning, cow 
 skinning, glue making from any part of dead animals, gut cleaning, 
 hide curing, fat rendering, boiling of fish, swill or offal, heating, dry- 
 ing, storing of blood, scrap, fat, grease or offensive animal or veg- 
 etable matter, or manufacturing materials for manure or fertilizer, 
 shall not be carried on or continued within the Boroughs of Brooklyn. 
 The Bronx, Queens or Richmond without a permit from jhe Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Nor shall any buildings be erected or converted or used for the 
 carrying on of any business above mentioned until the plans thereof 
 have been duly submitted to the Board of Health and approved in 
 writing by said Board. 
 
 Sec. 92. No occupation or business that is dangerous or detri- 
 mental to life or health shall be established or carried on in The City 
 of New York. 
 
 Sec. 93. All persons engaged in the business of boiling or ren- 
 dering fat. lard or animal matter shall cause the scrap or residuum 
 to be dried or otherwise prepared so as to effectually deprive such 
 
.ORDINANCES < >E THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 material of all offensive 
 inoffensive, immediately 
 fades in which the rende 
 Sec. 04. No person 
 
 Cit 
 oil 
 
 6dors> and to preserve the 
 fter the removal thereof f 
 ing process may be conducted, 
 shall hereafter erect or establish 
 any manufactory or place of business for boiling 
 or for the distilling" of an}- ardent or alcoholic 
 
 same entirely 
 >m the recep- 
 
 makint; any lampblack", 
 rehning of ores, metals 
 for conducting any oth 
 Offensive or deleterious 
 permit from the Hoard 
 Sec. 05- X T o fat, t; 
 except when fresh 
 from the places* of 
 dition tree from si 
 at the- time of. .■rendering'. 
 steamr.ti-.gnt, •• vessels; and 
 destroyed by .combustion o 
 ihg to the best and most 
 thing- preceding, following 
 rendering, .and 'the premi 
 
 irpentme o 
 r alloys of 
 business t 
 is, vapor d 
 f Health. 
 dw or lard 
 from the slaught 
 laughter in The City 
 rness and taint and 
 and all melting 
 the gases and 
 r other mean- <. 
 approved mean 
 and in c< 
 ses where 
 
 said 
 
 ny varnish or 
 pirits, or for 
 tar, or for the treating and 
 metals, with acids or heat, or 
 i at will or does generate any 
 posit or exhalation, without a 
 
 tall be melt e< 
 d animal, or 
 of New Yor 
 ill other car 
 and ren 1 
 odors tl 
 lualiy 
 
 rilust be free from all offensive od< 
 to tlie ' public, health. No fat. lard 
 The City of New York to be rende 
 rendered or ,mc*!ted that, has come fr< 
 
 See'. 96. The owners, lessees, 
 of every. b,ui Klin g, vessel or place 
 or stationary; engine, furnace 
 ashes, cinders, .rubbish, dirt an 
 place. ., so, that, the same shall 
 cause, ■ suffer or allow . smoke, 
 or noisome pdprs to escape or 
 vessel.,or, place to tl 
 sons .thei*eup( >i 
 
 and 
 iCtion \ 
 e s a n u 
 rid oth 
 tallow 
 dt mell 
 
 any 
 ants. 
 
 ac 
 
 1 or rendered, 
 r taken directly 
 >rk, and in con- 
 auses of offense 
 ring must be in 
 efrom must b« 
 tive,- and accord* 
 rocesses; and every--; 
 th such melting and 
 shall be conducted* 
 ' cause of detriment 
 mil be brought into 
 i, and none shall.be 
 outside of said City, 
 pants and managers 
 which a locomotive 
 
 or Doners are used, snail c 
 d refuse to be removed, to spirit 
 not accumulate; nor shall any : 
 cinders,, dust, gas, steam ordi 
 be ' discharged -trout' -any faac.H buLUlfn^, 
 nt or 'annoyance of any person or pttj 
 
 sou 
 3.1Y4 
 
 97-' 
 - apai 
 any 
 ^vhic 
 shall 
 
 stable 01 
 m whic! 
 place in 
 animals 
 
 at all times keep 
 merits, and the d 
 and sanitary com 
 to escape therek 
 purtenanc 
 in front t 
 
 /cry owner, k 
 lent in the bui 
 or.se, ca tile oi 
 manure, stable 
 died or accui 
 or cause t( 
 ains, yards 
 ition, so 
 >m. Ev 
 thereof, shall be connectei 
 eof. Tt shall be the dutv 
 
 and 
 that n 
 :rv stu 
 
 'e, tenant and occupant of any stall,' 
 ip portions of The City of Ww Korkj 
 feher >an im-at ■ slra M 'b 'q 1< op t ; N \Yr of 4 any 
 ;fuse or any liquid discharge of such 
 ate, shall cause therefrom, and shall 
 ' ept such stalls, stables or apart- 
 ippurtenances thereof, in a clean 
 Off' 
 
 thereof, 
 
 nsive odors shall be allowed 
 ible, and the yards and ap- 
 
 with the 
 >f every 
 
 sewer in the street 
 such owner, lessee. 
 
132 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 tenant or occupant to cause all manure and stable refuse to be 
 removed daily from such stable or stable premises, unless the same 
 are pressed in bales, barrels or boxes, as hereinbefore provided. It 
 shall not be lawful to remove manure and stable refuse in carts or 
 wagons, or to cart the same within the City without a permit from 
 the Board of Health, and such carts and' wagons shall be of a 
 construction approved by said Board, and every such cart or wagon 
 must have a permit from the 'Board, and be used in accordance 
 with the terms of such permit and not otherwise. Manure carts 
 and wagons shall be loaded within the stable premises and not upon 
 the street or sidewalk, and the manure and stable refuse shall be 
 removed from such premises in a manner not in any way offensive 
 or so as to cause any nuisance. All manure and stable refuse when 
 transported through the streets must be covered and secured so that 
 no part of the same will fall upon the street, and so as to prevent 
 the escape of offensive odors, and the same shall not be unloaded 
 or deposited within the City limits except upon the conditions of 
 a permit from the Board of Health, and at such docks and places 
 as shall be approved by the Board, and to which a permit in writing 
 for such use shall have previously been granted by said Board. No 
 manure or stable refuse shall be thrown upon or allowed to fall or 
 remain upon any street or sidewalk or upon any ground near any 
 stable. No manure vault shall be built or used on any premises 
 within the built-up portions of The City of New York. 
 
 Every owner, lessefii tenant and occupant of any 'stall, stable or 
 apartment, in the built-up portions of The City of New York, in 
 which any horse, cattle or other animals shall be kept, and from 
 which the manure and .-table refuse are not removed daily as here- 
 inbefore provided, shall cause the same to be pressed in bales, barrels 
 or boxes, at least once in each day, and so pressed as to reduce the 
 same to not more than one third of the original bulk. Manure and 
 stable refuse pressed in bales, barrels or boxes, shall be removed 
 to such dock or places as shall be approved by the Board of Health, 
 and to which a permit for such use shall have previously been granted 
 by said Board, and such bales, barrels and boxes shall not be opened 
 untii delivered at such docks or places. 
 
 Offensive Materials. 
 
 Sec. 98. No person shall till in any land under or above water 
 within the limits of The City of New York, or any of the islands 
 situated within such limits, with garbage, dead animals, decaying 
 matter or any offensive and unwholesome material, or with dirt, 
 ashes or other refuse, when mixed with garbage, dead animals or 
 portions thereof, decaying matter or offensive and unwholesome 
 material. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 133 
 
 No street sweepings shall be deposited or used to fill up or 
 raise the surface or level of any lot, grounds, dock, wharf or pier in 
 or adjacent to the built-up portions of The City of New York with- 
 out a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 99. No ground or material filled with offensive matter or 
 substance, or that will emit or allow to arise through or from the 
 same, any offensive smell or deleterious exhalation, shall (adjacent 
 to or within the built-up portion of said City) be opened or turned 
 up or the surface thereof removed, between the 1st day of May and 
 the 1st day of October of any year, except according to a permit first 
 obtained therefor from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 100. No part of the contents or substances from any sink, 
 privy or cesspool, nor any manure, or other offensive substance, shall 
 be by any person deposited or allowed to" run or drop into or remain 
 in any street or public place; nor shall the same be thrown or allowed 
 to fall or run into any river or other body of water, save through the 
 proper underground sewers. 
 
 Sec. 101. No person shall gather, collect, accumulate, store, expose, 
 carry or transport in any manner through the streets and public places 
 of this City, or in or to any cellar or house in said City, any bones, 
 refuse or offensive material without a permit from the Board of 
 Health. 
 
 Sec. 102. No swill, brine, urine of animals or other offensive 
 animal matter, nor any stinking, noxious liquid or other filthy matter 
 of any kind, shallby any person be allowed to run or fall into or upon 
 any street or public place, or be taken or put therein. 
 
 Sec. 103. No blood, butcher's offal or garbage, nor any dead 
 animals, nor any putrid or stinking animal or vegetable matter shall be 
 thrown by any person or allowed to go into any street, place, sewer 
 or receiving basin, or into any river or standing or running water 
 or excavation or into any ground or premises in the built-up por- 
 tions of the City. 
 
 Sec. 104. No person shall draw off, or allow to run off into any 
 ground, street or place of said City, the contents (or any part thereof) 
 of any vault, privy, cistern, cesspool or sink; nor shall any owner, 
 tenant or occupant of any building to which any vault, sink, privy 
 or cesspool shall appertain, or be attached, permit the contents or 
 any part thereof, to flow therefrom, or to rise within two feet of any 
 part of the top, or permit said contents to become offensive; nor 
 shall any vault, privy, ci>tern. cesspool or sink be filled or covered 
 with dirt until it has been emptied of its filthy contents. 
 
 Sec. 105. No person shall throw into or deposit in any vault, 
 sink, privy or cesspool any offal, ashes, meat, fish, garbage or other 
 substance except that of which any such place is the appropriate 
 receptacle. 
 
134 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 106. Every tub or other receptacle in any sink or privy (of 
 placed, or allowed to stand therein by any owner, tenant or occupant 
 of any building or premises), and used to contain any liquid or par- 
 tially liquid substance, shall be sufficiently strong, perfectly tight, 
 and adequately provided with a strong cover and with hoops and 
 handles; shall not be allowed to be filled to within 4 inches of any 
 part of the top, and shall not be allowed (or its contents) to be 
 offensive. And the provisions of this code relative to emptying cess- 
 pools and to throwing any substance therein, shall apply to said 
 tubs and receptacles as if here repealed and applied thereto. 
 
 And no person shall throve, drorY or--ft'1To\v to fall into -the North 
 or East River, or into any street or place, any substance being, or 
 haying been, part of the contents of any- such vault, cesspool, privy, 
 sink, tub or receptacle of any offal. v ; ::• ' . 
 
 Sec. 107. Neither the contents" of "any suc-h tub, tvr of any re- 
 ceptacle, cesspool, privy, vault, sink, water-closet or Cistern, nor- 
 anything in any . room, excavation, vat. building, premised -or place/ 
 shall be allowed to become a nuisance, nr offensive, sd- : as- to -be. 
 dangerous or prejudicial to life or health. • 
 
 Sec. 108. Tt shall be the duty of every owner. tenant. jfessee». 
 occupant or person in charge of any and every building, -or place 'of 
 business in the generally built-up portions' of The City of ; New .York, 
 forthwith to provide or cause to be provided, and at all -t^mes there- 
 alter to.keep and cause to be kept and provided, within su'Ch building, 
 or place or business, and lor the exclusive use of such building or 
 place of business, separte receptacles tor receiving and holding, 
 without leakage, all the ashes, garbage and liquid substances that 
 may accumulate during thirty-six hours, from said building or place 
 of business, or the portion thereof of which Mich person may-'be-the. 
 owner, tenant, lessee, occupant or in charge, and every such' ! receptacle 
 designed and used to hold ashes shall be made of or lined with some 
 suitable metal. . ,,; 
 
 And it shall be the duty of every owner, lessee or agent of any 
 building or place of business to cause to be separated and put into 
 their jres.pective receptacles all such materials and substances, and 
 such receptacle shall not be tilled to within four inches of the top 
 thereof. 
 
 And such receptacles, as well as any light refuse or rubbish to 
 be removed. Shall be kept within the premises until the proper time 
 for removal, and shall then be placed in the area, or within the 
 stooj) line only, and shall there remain until such materials or sub- 
 stances are removed by the Department of Street Cleaning, but in 
 no case shall such receptacles be placed where they shall be or become 
 a nuisance. 
 
ORDINANCES OF T11K CITY OF NEW YORK. 135 
 
 AH light refuse or rubbish likely to be scattered or blown about, 
 shall, before being placed outside of building or premises for removal, 
 be properly bandied, packed or otherwise secured. 
 
 Sec. 109. No person, not for that purpose authorized, shall in- 
 terfere with the receptacles for ashes, garbage or liquid substances, 
 as provided in accordance with section 108 of the Sanitary Code, or 
 with the contents thereof; nor shall any person in any way handle 
 or disturb such content.-. 
 
 Sec. no. All occupants so preferring may deliver their ashes, 
 garbage and rubbish directly to the proper carts, to be taken away 
 at any^hour of tine day when said carts may be present: and said 
 carts may. take such articles from receptacles delivered at any such 
 hour; provided, that such garbage or rubbish be not highly filthy or 
 offensive'; ' and in the latter case the same shall not be so delivered 
 or received during the period from 7 o'clock a. m. of any day till 10 
 o'clock -of the evening of the same day. 
 
 Sec. in. No pile or deposit of manure, offal, dirt or garbage, or 
 any accumulation of any offensive or nauseous substance, shall be 
 made "within the built-up portions of The City of New York, or upon 
 the. piers, docks or bulkheads adjacent thereto, or upon any vessel 
 or scow lying at such pier, wharf or bulkhead: nor shall such deposit 
 or accumulations be made anywhere in thi> City within 300 feet of 
 any church or place of worship, or inhabited dwelling, without a 
 permit from the Board of Health; and no person shall contribute to 
 the making of any such accumulations: nor shall cars or floats loaded 
 with or having in or upon them any such substance or substances 
 be allowed to remain or stand on or along any railroad, street or high- 
 way within 300 feet of any inhabited dwelling, nor elsewhere in said 
 City, without a permit from the Board of Health; and no manure, 
 garbage or other material that is liable to emit an offensive exhalation 
 Shall, in or adjacent to the built-up portions ' of "The City of New 
 York, be turned or stirred, 'except about its removal, in such a way 
 as to increase such exhalations by reason thereof, nor shall any 
 straw, hay or other substance which has been used as bedding for 
 animals be placed or dried upon any street or sidewalk, or roof of 
 any building; nor shall any straw, hay or other substance or the 
 contents of any mattress or bed, be deposited or burnt without a 
 permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 112. Every proprietor, lessee, tenant and occupant of any 
 oyster house, oyster saloon or other premises where any oysters, 
 clams, lobsters or shell or other fish arc consumed, used or sold, 
 or where any of the refuse matter, offal or shells thereof accumulate, 
 shall daily cause all such shells, offal and refuse matter to be removed 
 therefrom to some proper place, and shall keep his house, saloon and 
 premises at alt times tree from any offensive smells or accumulations. 
 
136 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY 01 ; NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 113. No person shall obstruct, delay or interfere with the 
 proper and free use, for the purposes for which they may be and 
 should be set apart and devoted, of any dock, pier or bulkhead set 
 apart for the use of any contractor or person engaged in removing 
 any offal, garbage, rubbish, dirt, dead aninfar,' 'night soil or other like 
 substances, or with the proper performance of such contracts. 
 
 Sec. 114. It shall be the duty of every person (his agents and 
 employees) who has contracted or undertaken to remove any dis- 
 eased or dead animal, offal, rubbish, garbage, dirt, street sweepings, 
 night soil, or other filthy, offensive or noxious substance, or is en- 
 gaged about such removal, or in loading or unloading any such 
 substance, to do the same with dispatch, and in every particular in 
 a manner as cleanly and little offensive and with a-s little danger and 
 prejudice to life and health as possible, and no matter or material 
 shall lie piled up, or partially raked together, in any street or place, 
 before the removal thereof, more than a reasonable time, nor for more 
 than four hours in the daytime, under any circumstances. 
 
 Sec. 115. No ship, boat or other vessel shall be taken or.-allowed 
 by any person to come into or lay to, or at, or within any dock,, pier, 
 bulkhead or slip, or be placed therein for the purpose of the shipment 
 or removal of any offal, garbage, rubbish, blood or. offensive urinal 
 or vegetable matter, dirt or dead animals, or for the use of any con- 
 tractor, for the removal of any of the foregoing substances, without 
 a permit from the Board of Health. ■ ■< 
 
 Sec. 116. It shall be the duty of every owner, lessee ; and tenant 
 of any vacant, sunken or excavated lot in The City of New York 
 to keep the same at all times clean and inoffensive and free from the 
 accumulation of water thereon, and to maintain around the same 
 a proper fence, so as to effectually prevent the throwing or depos- 
 iting therein or thereupon any garbage or offensive; thing whatsoever, 
 and so as to prevent persons passing from falling into such exca- 
 vation. 
 
 Sec. J 17. No person shall deposit upon any street or public 
 place within the generally built-up portion of The City of New York, 
 or upon any paved street, any dirt or brick or other material, or 
 dirt taken from any ground therein, in such manner as to occupy 
 more than ioo square feet of surface of any -treet or place (and the 
 same shall be compact and at one side); nor shall any person allow 
 the same to remain in said street or public place more than twelve 
 hours, without a permit from the Board of Health, or unless such 
 occupancy shall be otherwise duly authorized by paramount authority. 
 Nor shall any such substance be so deposited or allowed to remain 
 by any person as to obstruct the free flowage along any gutter. 
 
 Sec. r 1 8. No lime, ashes, coal, dry -and. hair, feathers or other 
 substance that is in a similar manner liable to be blown by tfie f*ir»d, 
 
ORDINANCES OF TH K CITY OF NEW YORK. 137 
 
 shall be sieved, agitated ' Or exposed, nor shall any mat, carpet or 
 cloth be shaken or beaten, nor shall any cloth, yarn, garment, mate- 
 rial or substance be scoured, cleaned or hung, nor shall any rags, 
 damaged merchandise, barrels, boxes or broken bales of merchandise 
 or goods be placed, kept or exposed in any place where they or 
 particles , therefrom will pass into any street or public place, or into 
 any occupied premises. Neither shall any usual nor any reasonable 
 precautions be omitted by any person to prevent fragments or other 
 substances from falling, to the peril of life, or dust or light material 
 llying into any. street, place or building from any building or erection, 
 while the.same is being altered, repaired or demolished, or otherwise. 
 
 Removal of Filth. 
 
 Sec. 119. No person shall engage in the business of transporting 
 manure,: swill, garbage, offal or any offensive or noxious substance, 
 or drive any cart for such purpose, in The City of New York, without 
 a permit from the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. .120, .No cart or other vehicle for carrying any manure, swill, 
 garbage, offal or rubbish, or other, nauseous or offensive substance, or 
 the contents of , any privy, vault, cesspool, or sink, shall, without 
 necessity therefor, be allowed to stand or remain before or near' any ' 
 building,, place, or business or other premises where any person may 
 be; nor shall any such cart or vehicle be allowed to occupy any un- 
 reasonable length of time in loading or unloading, or in passing 
 along any street or through any inhabited place or grounds. Such 
 carts, vehicles and all implements used in connection therewith must 
 bo kept in an inoffensive and sanitary condition and, when not in 
 use, shall be stored and kept in some place where no needless offense 
 shall be given to any of the people of said City. 
 
 Sec. 121. All carts and vehicles for carrying any nauseous or 
 offensive substances, boxes, tubs and receptacles in which any naus- 
 eous or qffensive substances may be, or may be carried, shall be 
 strong and tight, and the sides shall be so high above the load or con- 
 tents that no part of such contents or load shall fall, leak or spill 
 therefrom, and either the vehicle or vessel carried by it shall be so 
 covered as to be inoffensive; and all such material shall be loaded and 
 removed in a sanitary manner, and according to the regulations of the 
 Department of Health, and it shall be the duty of every person remov- 
 ing any offensive material to at once replace in said vehicle or vessel 
 any material that may have fallen therefrom upon or in any place, 
 street or premises. 
 
 Sec. 122. All putrid or offensive matter, and all night soil, and the 
 ontents of sinks, privies, vaults and cesspools, and all noxious sub- 
 stances, shall, before their removal or exposure, be disinfected and 
 rendered inoffensive by the owner, lessee, or occupant of the premises 
 
138 ORDINANCES OF THK CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 where the same may be. or by the person or contractor who removes 
 or is about to remove the same; and no part of the contents of any 
 vault, privy, sink or eesspool shall be removed without a permit from 
 the Board of Health. 
 
 Sec. 123. No boat, scow or other receptacle used in transport 
 ing garbage to Barren Island or the place of disposal shall 
 be permitted to remain moored or be at any dock, wharf or place 
 within the limits of The City of New York for a longer period than 
 twenty-four hours from the time garbage is first delivered or placed 
 thereon. Garbage shall be received, on such boat, scow-or other-re- 
 ceptacle and transported in a manner approved bv the Board of* 
 Health. 
 
 Diseased. Injured and Dead Animals. 
 
 See. 124. No diseased cattle, swine, sheep, horses, dogs or cats, 
 which are suffering from or have been exposed to any disease which i- 
 contagious among such animals, shall be brought into or kept in The 
 City of New York. All persons, corporations or companies bringing 
 milch cows into The City of New York shall furnish a certificate 
 signed by a veterinarian who is a graduate of a recognized veterinary 
 college., with the date of graduation and the name of the college from 
 which the degree was received, to the effect that said cows arc free 
 from tuberculosis as far as may be determined by physical examina- 
 tion and the tuberculin test. Said certificate shall give a number which 
 has been permanently attached t<> each cow. and a description suffi- 
 ciently accurate for identification, stating the date (which must not be- 
 more than sixty days prior to the time when they are brought into 
 the City), the place of examination, the temperature of the cow or 
 cows at intervals of three hours for twelve hours before the subcuta- 
 neous injection of the tuberculin, the preparation of tuberculin used, 
 the location of the injection, the quantity injected, the temperature at 
 the tenth hour after the injection of the tuberculin and every three- 
 hours after the aforesaid tenth hour for twelve hours, or until the re 
 action is completed. No Cow with a certificate which, states that-vsaid 
 cow gave a reaction of two. degrees F, after the injection with 0.5 c. c. 
 of the tuberculin prepared by the Department of Health of The '"City 
 of New York (or its equivalent), diluted with ten times its volume of 
 a 0.5 per cent, watery solution of carbolic acid, shall be brought into 
 The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 125. No person shall keep or retain, or allow or cause to 
 be kept or retained, at any place within The City of New York, any 
 animal having the disease known as glanders, or farcy or any other 
 contagious disease, but shall forthwith report the fact to the Depart- 
 ment of Health of said City, and, under the direction of the Sanitary 
 Superintendent or Assistant Sanitary Superintendent. <hall destroy 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. K19 
 
 or cause to be destroyed, remove or cause to be removed, and dis- 
 pose of such animal or animals in a manner designated by the Sani- 
 tary Superintendent or Assistant Sanitary Superintendent, and every 
 person who destroys any such animal shall forthwith notify the De- 
 partment of Health of such destruction, the place of destruction, and 
 the disposition of the body of such animal. 
 
 Sec. 126. All dead horses, before they are placed in the street, 
 must have a tag attached giving the name and address of the owner 
 and the stable from which the horse was removed. 
 
 Sec. 127. Every veterinary surgeon who is called to examine 01* 
 professionally attend any animal iwthin The City of New York hav- 
 ing the glanders or farcy or any contagious disease shall report forth- 
 with in writing to the Board of Health of said City the following 
 facts, viz.: First, a statement of the location of such diseased ani- 
 mal; second, the name and address of the owner thereof; third, the 
 type and character of the disease. . * 
 
 Sec. 128: No person shall leave in or throw into any place or 
 street, or public water, or offensively expose or bury the body (or 
 any part thereof) of any dead or fatally sick or injured animal; nor 
 shall any person keep any dead animal or any offensive meat, bird, 
 fowl or fish in 'a place where. the same may be dangerous to the life 
 or detrimental to the health of any person. 
 
 . ' Sec. 129. Any animal, being in any- street or public place, with- 
 in or adjacent : to the built-up portion of New York City, and appear- 
 ing in the estimation of any officer or Inspector of this Department 
 (and of two discreet citizens, called by such officer or Inspector to 
 view the same- in his presence) injured .or;: diseased past recovery, for 
 any -usefu-l- purpose/and not-being attended and ; properly- cared for by 
 th'e owner or some- proper person having charge thereof for such 
 owner, or not having been : removed £0 some private premises, or to 
 some place -designated-- by. such' officer or InspectQr^ within one hour 
 aftfer being fotvncbor left in such condition, may be deprived of life by 
 such officer or Inspector, or as he may direct; and shall thereafter, 
 unless at once removed by the owner or person, be treated as any 
 other animal found on a street or place. 
 
 Sec. 130. Any person having a dead animal or an animal past 
 recovery, and not killed for and proper for use as food, or in any of- 
 fensive condition, or sick with an infectious or contagious disease, 
 .on his premises in said City, and every person whose animal or any 
 animal in his charge or under his control in any street or place, may 
 die or become or be in a condition past recovery, shall at once notify 
 the Department of Health, and under the direction of the Sanitary 
 Superintendent or an Assistant Sanitary Superintendent of an offi- 
 cer of the Police Department, remove or cause the removal of such 
 
140 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF N'liW YORK 
 
 animal, dead or alive, to such place as may be designated by such 
 official. 
 
 Sec. 131. No person other than the Inspectors or officers of this 
 Department or the Police Department, or persons thereto authorized, 
 shall in any way interfere with such dead, >ick or injured animal in 
 any street or place, and no person shall skin or wound such animal in 
 such street or public place, unless to terminate its life as herein au 
 thorized, except that the owner or person having control of such 
 animal may terminate the life thereof in tin presence and by the con 
 sent of a policeman or an inspector or officer of this Department 
 
 Sec. .132. Every animal which shows symptoms of rabies and 
 every animal that has been exposed to such disease shall, by the per- 
 son owning the same or having possession thereof, be at once con- 
 fined in some secure place for such length of time as to determine 
 whether such disease exists or to show that such exposure has not 
 given such animal said disease, and so as to avoid all danger of life 
 or health. And such person shall also forthwith notify the Depart- 
 ment of Health thereof and of the place where such animal is con- 
 fined. Every animal which is mad or has rabies shall at once be 
 killed by the owner or person having possession thereof, or by the 
 Department of Health, and the body of any animal that has died of 
 such disease, or being suspected of such disease has been killed, shall 
 be at once surrendered to the Department of Health to be by it dis- 
 posed of. 
 
 Should a dog bite any person it shall be the duty of the owner, 
 or person having the same in his possession or under his control, to 
 at once notify said Department thereof, and surrender said dog to 
 said Department for inspection and observation; and such dog shall 
 be returned to the person from whom the same shall have been re 
 ceived if found not rabid, and if found to be rabid, it shall be do 
 stroyed by said Department. 
 
 When the Police or other person or authorities destroy a dog for 
 any of the causes herein mentioned, it shall be his* or their. jduty to 
 immediately notify the said Department thereof ah(i of the rotation 
 of its body, so that the same may be obtained by the said Department, 
 and it shall 4x? unlawful to remove any such dog... ox the. bodx of any 
 such animal heretofore mentioned except as herein provided. 
 
 . Infectious Diseases. 
 
 Sec. 133. It shall be the duty of every physician to report to 
 the Departments of Health, in writing, the full name, age and ad 
 dress of every person suffering from any one of the infectious dis 
 eases included in the list appended, with the name of the disease, 
 within twenty-four hours of the time when the case is first seen: 
 
 A.-— Contagious (very readily communicable): MeasJes, rubella 
 
ORD[\ T ANCKS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 (rotheln) scarlet fever, small-pox. varicella (chicken-pox), typhus 
 fever, relapsing fever. 
 
 B. — Communicable: Diphtheria (croup), typhoid fever, Asiatic 
 cholera, tuberculosis (of any organ), plague, tetanus, anthrax, gland 
 ers, epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, leprosy, infectious diseases 
 of the eye (trachoma, suppurative conjunctivitis), puerperal, septi< ;w 
 mia, erysipelas, whooping cough. 
 
 Note. — In this provisional classification of the infectious diseases, 
 arranged for practical purposes, the most readily communicable of 
 these diseases, embracing the exanthemata and typhus fever, have 
 been placed in a group by themselves and called contagious. *This 
 has been done with a view to emphasizing a distinction, which is not 
 only of scientific significance, but of practical importance, in dealing 
 with the sanitary features of administration. This distinction is 
 furthermore of importance because it avoids the misunderstanding 
 and alarm frequently caused by including in the same class the 
 very readily communicable diseases (such as small-pox), and the 
 much less communicable diseases (such as tuberculosis), which re- 
 quire very different sanitary measures for their control. 
 
 Sec. 134. It shall be the duty of the Commissioners or man- 
 agers or the principal, superintendent or physician of each and every 
 public institution or dispensary, in this City, to report to the De- 
 partment of Health, in writing, the full name, age and address of any 
 person suffering from any one of the infectious diseases included in 
 the list appended, with the name of the disease, within twenty-four 
 hours of the time when the case is first seen: 
 
 A. — Communicable: Influenza, lobar pneumonia, broncho-pneu- 
 monia, infectious diseases of the gastro-intestinal canal (dysentery, 
 cholera morbus, cholera infantum, summer diarrhoeas of infants). 
 
 B. — Parasitic diseases of the skin: Scabies, tinea tonsurans, im- 
 petigo (contagious)., favus. 
 
 Note. — In this list of diseases reporting is required by the De- 
 partment of Health in order that data may be obtained for genera? 
 anxl special investigation of the modes and sources of infection and as 
 to the prevalence and distribution x>f these diseases. The Department 
 of Health docs not purpose to exercise a sanitary surveillance in 
 these cases, but desires information with a view to the ultimate re- 
 moval or improvement in the conditions which now foster them. 
 Notification is required in certain of these diseases because of the 
 liability to their extension among the children in schools. 
 
 Sec. 135. It shall be the duty of every physician to report forth- 
 with, in writing, to the Department of Health, the death of every 
 person who dies from, or while suffering with, any infectious disease, 
 and to 6tate in such report the specific name and type of such dis- 
 ease. 
 
!4- ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 136. It shall be the duty of every keeper of any boarding 
 house or lodging house, and the proprietor of every lodging house pf 
 hotel, to report forthwith to the Department of Health all the 
 known facts in regard to any person ilk in any house or hotel under 
 his or her charge, and suffering- from any one of the following infec- 
 tious diseases: Measles, diptheria (croup), scarlet fever, smallpox, 
 chicken-pox, epidemic cholera, typhus fever, rubella (rotheln ). plague, 
 tuberculosis and whooping cough. 
 
 Sec. 137. It shall be the duty of every person having knowledge 
 of the existence of any person afflicted with any one of the following 
 infectious diseases: Measles, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, small 
 pox. chicken-pox, epidemic cholera, typhus fever, rubella (rotheln), 
 plague, tuberculosis and whooping cough, who he has reason to 
 think requires the attention of the Department of Health, to at once 
 report to the Department all facts in regard to the disease; and no 
 person shall interfere with or obstruct the entrance, inspection or ex- 
 amination of any building or house, or the occupan.ts thereof, by the 
 inspectors and officers of this Department, when any case of one of 
 the infectious diseases above specified has been reported as existing 
 in such" house- or dwelling; nor shall any person interfere with or ob- 
 struct, mutilate or tear down any notices of this ■■ Department posted 
 in "or on any premises in The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 138. It shall be the duty- of the commissioners or managers 
 or the principal, superintendent or physician of each "and every public 
 or private institution or dispensary in this City- to report- to the De- 
 partment of Health, in writingvor t© cause such report to" be made by 
 some" proper' and competent person, the name., age, sex. occupation 
 and latest address of every person, afiiicted with tuberculosis, who 
 is in their care or who has come under their observation, within one 
 week of such time. It shall be the duty of every person ,sick. with 
 this disease and of every person in attendance upon any one sick with 
 this disease, and of the authorities of public and private institutions or 
 di-pensaries, to observe and enforce all the sanitary rules and regula- 
 tions of the Board of Health for preventing the spread of pulmonary 
 tuberculosis. 
 
 Sec. 139. Whenever an Inspector of this Department shall re- 
 port in writing that any person is sick of any infectious disease, un- 
 der such circumstances that the continuance of such sick person in 
 the place where he or she may be, is dangerous to the lives of other 
 persons residing in the neighborhood, the Sanitary . Superintendent, an 
 Assistant Sanitary Superintendent or the Chief Inspector of the Divi- 
 sion of Contagious Diseases, upon the report of the Medical Inspec- 
 tor of the Department, may cause the removal of such sick person 
 to one of the hospitals under the charge of this Department or to a 
 hospital delegated by the Hoard of Health. .. . 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 140. In every public hospital and dispensary in The Cny of 
 New York there shall be provided and maintained a suitable room 
 or rooms for the temporary isolation of persons suffering from an> 
 of the following infectious diseases: Measles, diphtheria (croup), 
 scarlet fever, smallpox, chickenpox, epidemic cholera, typhus fever, 
 rubella (rotheln), plague and whooping cough; and such person shall 
 immediately be separated from other persons at such dispensary or 
 hospital. It shall be the duty of the physician or physicians, and of 
 the officers and managers *£>f -every hospital or dispensary, to cajase 
 a report to be immediately made to the Department of Health of 
 The City of New York of every person afflictd with any one of the 
 infectious diseases herein specified who comes to their knowledge, 
 and to have such persons properly isolated from other persons. 
 
 Sec. 141. It shall be the duty of every undertaker having notice 
 of the death of any person within The City of New York of small 
 pox, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fever, yellow fever, typhus fever, 
 plague, Asiastic cholera, measles or any other infectious disease dan- 
 gerous to the general health of the community, or of the bringing of 
 the dead body of any person who has died of any such disease into 
 such City, to give immediate notice thereof to this Department. No 
 person shall retain or expose or assist in the retention or exposure 
 of the dead body of any such person except in a coffin or casket 
 properly sealed; nor shall he allow any such body to be placed in any 
 coffin or casket unless the body has been wrapped in a sheet satu- 
 rated with a proper disinfecting solution and the coffin or cas'ket 
 shall then be immediately and permanently sealed. No undertaker 
 shall assist in the public or church funeral of any person who has 
 died of any one of the above diseases or used, at any funeral, or in any 
 room where the dead body of any person shall be. any draperies, 
 decorations, rugs or carpets, belonging to or furnished by him or 
 under his direction. 
 
 Sec. 142. A public or church funeral shall not be held of any 
 person who has died of smallpox, diphtheria (croup), scarlet fe\er. 
 yellow fe^er-,- typhus fever. Asiatic cholera, measles or plague; but 
 — th£ funeral 'of such person_shall .be private, and it sliail not be laai 
 ful to invite or permit at the funeral of any person who has died of 
 any one of the above diseases or of any infectious disease or at any 
 services connected therewith, any person whose attendance is not 
 necessary, or to whom there is danger of contagion thereby. 
 
 Sec. 143. No person .shall within this City, without a permit 
 from the Board of Health, carry, remove or cause or permit to be 
 carried or removed, any person sick with any infectious disease, or 
 remove or cause to be removed any such person from any building 
 or vessel to any other building or vessel or to the shore or to or 
 from any vehicle in any part of the City. Nor shall any person, by 
 
!44 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 any exposure of any individual sick of any infectious disease, or >f 
 the body of such person, or by any,_negligent act connected there 
 with, br in respect of the care or custody thereof, or by a needier 
 exposure of himself, cause or contribute to or promote the spread 
 of 'disease from any such person or from any dead body. 
 
 Sec. 144. Every owner, lessee, tenant and occupant of any 
 dwelling or apartment in The City of New York shall forthwith re 
 port to the Department of Health in writing the removal of any per 
 son from such dwelling or apartment who shall be suffering from 
 any of the following infectious diseases: Measles, diphtheria (croup), 
 .scarlet fever, small-pox, chicken-pox. epidemic cholera, typhus fever, 
 rubella (rotheln), plague, whooping cough t or tuberculosis (of any 
 organ). 
 
 Sec. 145. No principal or superintendent of any school, and no 
 parent, master or custodian of any child or minor (having the - power 
 and authority to prevent) shall permit any child or minor" having 
 scarlet, fever, diphtheria (croup), small-pox or any dangerous, infec- 
 tious of contagious disease, or any child in any family in. which any 
 such disease exists or has .recently existed, to attend any public or 
 private school until the Board of Health shall have given its. permis- 
 sion therefor, nor in any manner to be unnecessarily exposed, or to 
 needlessly expose any other person to the taking or to the infection 
 of any contagious disease. 
 
 Disinfection. 
 
 Sec. 146. Adequate disinfection or cleansing and renovation of 
 premises, furniture and belongings, deemed by the Department of 
 Health to be .infected by contagions or communicable diseases, shall 
 immediately follow the recover}', death or removal of the person suf- 
 fering from such disease, and, such disinfection or cleaning and 
 renovation shall be performed by the owner or occupant of said 
 premises when ordered by the Board of Health. 
 
 Vaccination, Antitoxin. 
 
 Sec. 147. Every person, being the parent or guardian, or having 
 the care, custody, or control of any minor, or other individual, shall 
 (to the extent of any means, power and authority of said parent, 
 guardian, or other person that could property be used or exerted 
 for such purpose) cause and procure such minor or individual to be 
 so promptly, frequently and effectively vaccinated, that such minor 
 or individual shall not take, or be liable to take the small-pox. 
 
 Sec. 148. That no preparation of diphtheria antitoxin shall be 
 offered or exposed for -ale in this City unless the receptacle con- 
 taining such preparation bear a label on which is placed the name 
 and the address of the producer, and upon such label, or upon a cir- 
 cular accompanying such receptacle and inclosed with it in a sealed 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK U5 
 
 package, shall be printed or written the date of production and the 
 value of the contents in antitoxin, as measured by some generally 
 recognized standard. 
 
 Vessels and Seamen. 
 
 Sec. 149. The master, chief officer, and consignee of every ves- 
 sel not being in quarantine, or within quarantine limits, but being 
 within one-fourth of a mile of any dock, wharf, pier, or building of 
 >aid City, shall daily report to the Department of Health, or cause to 
 be reported, in writing, the particulars, and shall therein state the 
 name, disease, and condition of any person being in or on such ves- 
 sel, and sick of aii3 r infectious disease. 
 
 Sec. 150. The keepers. les>ees, tenants, and owners of every 
 boarding house and lodging house shall forthwith notify the Depart- 
 ment of Health of the fact of any seafaring man or person lately 
 from, any i.vessel being taken sick at such house, and shall in such 
 notice state where such sick person may be found, and fro'm what 
 vessel, and when he came to the best of the knowledge" of the person 
 or persons giving such notice. . * '.' ' ' 
 
 Sec. 151. Every master and chief officer of any vessel,' and 
 every physician of, or who practiced on; any vessel which shall ar- 
 rive in the port of New York from any other port, shall at once 
 report to this Department any facts connected with any person or 
 thing on said vessel, or that came thereon, which he has reason to 
 think ma'- endanger the public health of this City: and he shall re- 
 port the facts as to any person being or having been sick thereon, 
 T)f an infectious disease, and as to there beins- or having been, during 
 the voyage or since her arrival, any infected person or articles 
 thvreon. 
 
 Sec. 152. No master, charterer, owner, part owner or consignee 
 of any vessel, or any other person, shall bring to an}- dock, pier, 
 wharf, or building within 1,000 feet thereof, in said City, or unload 
 at any dock, building, or pier therein, or have on storage in the built- 
 up portions of said City, any skins, hides, rags, or similar articles 
 or materials having been brought from any foreign country or any 
 infected place, or from any points south of Norfolk, Virginia, without 
 or otherwise than according to a permit from the Board of Health, 
 and no person shall sell, exchange, remove or in any way expose any 
 straw, bedding or other articles used by immigrants upon any vessel 
 bringing immigrants to this port, until it has been adequately and 
 properly cleansed or disinfected; and all straw, bedding or other 
 articles that have been exposed on any vessel to contagion or in- 
 fection of any contagious disease, or have been or are liable to com- 
 municate such disease, shall be destroyed by tire on said vessel. 
 
 Sec. 153. No owner, agent, or consignee of any vessel, or cargo, 
 and no officer of any vessel (in respect of either of which ves&el or 
 
i 4 o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 cargo a permit, according to any law, ordinance, or regulation shall 
 or should have been obtained to pass quarantine, or to come up to the 
 water front of The City of New York) shall unload or land, or caus< 
 to be unladen or landed, such cargo, or any part thereof, in said 
 City, without having first received a permit from the Board of Health 
 so to do. 
 
 Sec. 154. No captain, officer, consignee, owner or other person 
 in charge of any vessel (or having right and authority to prevent 
 the same) shall remove or ai.^Jn removing from any vessel to the 
 shore (save as legally authorized by* the "Health Officer of the "Port 
 of New York, and into quarantine grounds and -buildings only) an\ 
 person sick of. or person that has been exposed to, and is liable very 
 soon to develop an}- infectious disease, or so remove or aid in re 
 moving any articles that may have been exposed to the contagion oi 
 any such disease, except in accordance with a permit from the Board 
 of Health. 
 
 Sec. 155. No master, charterer, consignee, or other person shall 
 order, bring or allow (having power and authority to prevent the 
 same) any vessel or person, or article therefrom, from any infected 
 port, or any vessel, or person or article therefrom, liable to quaran- 
 tine, according to the ninth section of the three hundred and fifty- 
 eighth chapter o! the Laws of 1863 (or under any other laws, and 
 whether such quarantine has been made or suffered or not), to come 
 or be brought to any point nearer than 300 yards from any dock or 
 pier, or to any building in said City without or otherwise than ac- 
 cording to a permit from the Board of Health. Nor shall any vessel 
 or person or thing therein or therefrom having been in quarantine, 
 come or be brought within the last-named distance of any last-name<l 
 place, without the permit or assent of this Board. 
 
 Sec. 156. No person shall bring into this City from any in- 
 fected place, or land or take therein from any vessel lately from 
 an infected port, or from any vessel or building in which had lately 
 been any person sick of an infectious disease, any article or person 
 whatsoever, nor shall any such person -la,.j*d -or come into said City 
 without a permit from the Board of Health; and it shall be no ex 
 cuse that such person or article so offending, or the occasion of of- 
 fense, has passed through quarantine, or has a permit from any other 
 source than this Board. 
 
 Sec. 157. No owner, part owner, charterer, agent or consignee 
 of any vessel, or any officer or person having charge or control of the 
 same, shall allow to be cast therefrom, and no person shall casl 
 therefrom, into any public waters of Tlie City of New York, any 
 straw, bedding, clothing or other substance. 
 
 Marriages, Births and Deaths. 
 
 Sec. 158. It shall be the duty of the clergymen, magistrates and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 147 
 
 other persons who perform the marriage ceremony in The City of 
 New York, to keep a registry of the marriages celebrated by them, 
 which shall contain, as near as the same can be ascertained, the 
 place and date of marriage, age. color, name and surname of the 
 parities' married, birthplace, residence, number of marriage .and con- 
 dition of each, whether single, widowed of divorced, the occupation 
 of the groom, maiden name of the bride, if a widow, the names of the 
 parents of each and the maiden name of the mother of each. And 
 every person authorized by law to perform the ceremony of marriage 
 shall register his or her name and address in the office of the Bureau 
 of Records. 
 
 ■. Sec. 159. It shall be the duty of the parents of any child born 
 in .said City (and if there be no parent alive that has made such re- 
 nort. then of the next of kin of said child born), and of every person 
 present at such birth, within ten days after such birth, to report to 
 the . Department of Health, in writing, as far as known, the date, bor- 
 ough and street number of said birth, and the name, sex and color of 
 such child born, and the names, residence, birthplace and age of the 
 parents, the occupation of the father and the maiden name of the 
 mother. : It shall also be the duty of physicians and professional 
 nndwiv.es. to keep a registry of the several births in which they have 
 as>i,->ted,jprofessionally, which shall contain, as near as the same can 
 
 .be • ascertained, the time and place of such birth, name, sex and 
 color of the child, the name, residence, birthplace and age of the par- 
 
 .€.nts...the occupation of the father and the maiden name of the mother, 
 aiul t ; ; report the same within ten days to the Department of Health. 
 .3 >i»t Sec. . I.60,. -shall be the duty of the next of kin of any person 
 
 ideoehfc', d\r:and -of each person being with such deceased person at his 
 
 • ■oft - hea:-- death, .to report, in writing, to the Department of Health, 
 within.:h\"e days after such death, the age, color, nativity, last occupa- 
 tion and cause of death of such .deceased person and the place of 
 such person's death and last residence. Physicians who have at- 
 tended deceased persons in their last illness shall make and preserve 
 a registry of such death, stating the cause thereof and specifying 
 tlie date, hour, place and street number of such death, and shall, in 
 the report of the death of such persons, specify, as near as the same 
 can be ascertained, the date of death, sex, name and surname, age, 
 occupation, term of residence in said city, place of nativity, condition 
 of life, whether single, married, widowed or divorced, color, last 
 place of residence, the names and birthplaces of the parents, the 
 maiden name of the mother and the cause of death of such diseased 
 persons, and the Coroners of the City, in such cases as an inquest 
 may have been held, shall, in their certificates, conform to the re- 
 quirements of this section. 
 
 . .. Every physician in said City shall register his or her name and 
 
j 4 «H ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF MEW YORK 
 
 address in the office of the Bureau of Records of said Department. 
 
 Sec. 161. It shall be the duty of every person required to make 
 or keep a registry of births, marriages or deaths, to present to the 
 Bureau of Records a copy of such registry signed by such person, 
 within ten days after the birth or marriage, and within thirty six 
 hours after the death of any person to whom such registry may or 
 should relate, which shall thereupon be placed on file in the said 
 Bureau. 
 
 Sec. 162. No person shall make, prepare, deliver or issue any 
 false certificate, statement or report of a birth, marriage or death, 
 or any such certificate, statement or report, which is not in accordance 
 with the facts of the birth, marriage or death: all certificates, state- 
 ments and reports of births, marriages or deaths, shall be signed by 
 the person purporting to make the. same, and no person shall sign or 
 forge the name of another to any such certificate, statement or 
 report. 
 
 Transportation of Dead Bodies. 
 Sec. 163. That no captain, agent or person having charge of or 
 attached to any ferryboat, sailing or other vessel, nor any person 
 in charge of any car, stage or other vehicle or public or private con- 
 veyance, shall convey or allow to be conveyed thereon or by con 
 means aforesaid, nor shall any person convey or allow to be carried 
 or conveyed, in any manner, from, through, into or within The City 
 of New York, the dead body of any human being, or any part there 
 of, without a permit therefor from the Board of Health. And the 
 proper coupon for that purpose attached to any such permit, when 
 issued, shall be preserved and returned to this Department, as its 
 regulations may require, by the proper officer or person on each boat 
 or vessel, and by the proper person in charge of any train of cars or 
 vehicle on which any such body may be carried from said City. Pro- 
 vided, however, that the same effect shall be given, under this see • 
 tion, to transit permits issued severally by Boards ol Health of cities, 
 towns or villages in the Slate of New York, or by Boards of Health 
 that may be hereafter organized, pursuant to Laws of the State of 
 New York, or when issued by the Health Officer of any such city, 
 town or village, as to a transit permit issued from this Board, when 
 the death of the person named in the permit shall have occurred in 
 the city, town or village from which such permit shall have been 
 issued. 
 
 And provided that the same effect shall be given, under this sec- 
 tion, to a transit permit issued under the laws of the State of New 
 Jersey, as to a transit permit issued from this Board; subject, never- 
 theless, in every case to all the care, precautions and diligence pre- 
 scribed by the rules and regulations of this Department. And pro- 
 vided, that the same effect be given, under this section, to a transit 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 149 
 
 permit issued under the laws of the State of Connecticut, as to a 
 transit permit from this Board; subject nevertheless, in every case, 
 to all the care, precautions and diligence prescribed by the rules and 
 regulations of this Department. 
 
 Sec. 164. No person shall retain, expose or allow to be retained 
 or exposed, the dead body of any human being to the peril or prejn 
 dice of the life or health of any person. 
 
 Sec. 165. No person shall be allowed to be retained unburied 
 the dead body of any human being for a longer time than four days, 
 or where death has resulted from smallpox, diphtheria (croup), scar 
 let fever, yellow fever, typhus fever, plague, Asiatic cholera 01 
 measles, for a longer time than twenty-four hours, after death of 
 such person, without a permit from the Sanitary Superintendent or 
 an Assistant Sanitary Superintendent, which permit shall specify the 
 length of time during which such body may be retained unburied. 
 This ordinance shall not apply to bodies retained in any public 
 morgue in The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 166. It shall be the duty of every person who has discov 
 ered or seen the body of a dead human being, or any part thereof (if 
 there is reason for such person to think that the fact of the death, 
 or the place of such body, or part thereof, is not publicly known), to 
 immediately communicate to the Bureau of Records the fact of such 
 discovery of such body, the place where, and time when, the same 
 was discovered or seen, and where the same is or may be found, anc 
 any facts known by which said body may be identified, or the caust 
 of death ascertained. 
 
 Cemeteries. 
 
 Sec. 167. No interment of the dead body of any human being, 
 or disposition thereof in any tomb, vault, crematory or cemetery 
 shall be made within The City of New York without a permit there 
 for granted by the Board of Health, nor otherwise than in accordant 
 therewith, and said dead body shall be placed in a metallic or tin 
 lined box, or a box so constructed as to prevent the issuance of any 
 liquids therefrom ;and no sexton or other person shall assist in, or 
 assent to, or allow any such interment, or aid or assist about prepar- 
 ing any grave or place of deposit for any such body or as^st in the 
 cremation of the same, for which such permit has not been given 
 authorizing the same. And it shall be the duty of every person who 
 shall receive' any such permit, to preserve and to return the same 
 to this Dpartment, as its regulations may require. 
 
 Sec. 168. No new crematory, burying ground, cemetery, tomb 
 or vault for dead human bodies shall be established, nor shall the re- 
 mains of any dead body be placed in any existing burying ground, 
 vault, tomb or cemetery in The City of New York, nor any of said 
 recepta^tes fee opened, exposed or disturbed, except according to the 
 
i5o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 terms of a permit therefor given by the Board of Health, and every 
 body buried in any such place shall be buried to the depth of six Feet 
 below the surface of the ground, and four feet below an}' closely ad- 
 jacent street, exceot that in the Borough of Queens a body may be 
 buried to the depth of three feet below the surface of the ground. 
 
 No food, bverage or other article for human consumption shall 
 be sold, exposed or offered for sale in any cemetery or burying 
 ground within The City of Xew York. 
 
 Sec. 169. Every person who acts as a sexton or undertaker in 
 the City of New Youk. or has the charge or care of any crematory, 
 vault, tomb, burying ground, or cemetery for the reception of the 
 dead, or where the bodies of any human beings are deposited, shall 
 cause his or her name and residence, and the nature of his or her 
 charge and duties to be registered with this Department. 
 
 Sec. 170. Every sexton and other person having charge of any 
 crematory, burying ground, cemetery, tomb or vault in the City of 
 New York, shall, before 12 o'clock on Monday of each week, make 
 return' to this Department of the bodies and persons buried or cre- 
 mated since their last return, and in such form, and specifying such 
 particulars, as the special regulations of this Department shall re- 
 -quire. 
 
 Coroners. 
 
 Sec. 171. At least two hours before the holding of any inquest 
 within The City of New York upon a dead body, the Coroner who 
 has been notified of any death, or who may propose or intend t" 
 bold such inquest, shall transmit and cause to be delivered to the 
 Bureau of Records written notice containing the following facts so 
 "far -as known or reported to any such Coroner-: 
 
 . r.,, The fact of any such call for the -holding of an. inquest, and 
 by whom made, and where and from whom received by the Coroner. 
 
 2. The place (giving the street and street number.. and if there 
 be none, then other particulars) where the body is. 
 
 5! What is reported to be the cause of the death. 
 
 4. When and where the death took place, and where the body 
 has since been. 
 
 5. When and where he proposes to hold the inquest, giving the 
 street, the street number (or otherwise sufficiently designating such 
 place), and the hour.* 
 
 6 What physician, or physicians, or other professional pejson 
 last attended such deceased person, or attended such person within 
 forty-eight hours of such decease. 
 
 At any time alter the commencement of any inquest, the Coro- 
 ner holding or who should hold, or who held such inquest, shall with- 
 in twelve hours after the receipt of a written request so to do from 
 the Sanitary Superintendent, answer in writing such of the following 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 151 
 
 or such other questions as may be propounded to him by the said 
 Sanitary Superintendent to the best of his knowledge, information 
 and belief. 
 
 Report of Coroner (here insert Coroner's name) upon the body 
 of (here fill in the name and description of deceased), on the (here 
 fill in year, month and day), at (here mention street and number). 
 
 1. What was the age, sex and last occupation, residence and 
 nativity of such deceased person? 
 
 i At what house or place, and in or near what street or ave 
 nue, at what number therein did such deceased person die? 
 
 3. If such deceased person died of any poison, when and when 
 was 'the same administrated, and what was the kind of poison? 
 
 4. If such deceased person died of violence, when and when 
 was the same committed, and upon what part o,f. the body and or 
 i<ans, and of what did it consist? 
 
 5. If such deceased person died of any other cause, state such 
 cause, and when and where the cause took effect upon or was re • 
 ceived by the deceased? 
 
 6. Who was the last in care of or with such deceased person., 
 and at what place and at what time before death, and when, giving 
 the full name and residence of each such person? 
 
 7. What were the name and residence of the physician and 
 persons who last attended, and of each physician and person who 
 within forty-eight hours of such death attended upon such deceased 
 person, and where did he so attend; and whether said physician was 
 notified of or attended and was examined at such inquest? 
 
 8. The times, places and dates of holding the inquest, and the 
 names and residences by street and number of the jurors and wit 
 nesses that attended, and dates of their attendance, and when and 
 where the body of the deceased was present at such inquest? 
 
 9. Was any post-mortem examination made, and if so, when 
 and where and by whom and who was present thereat? 
 
 It shall be the duty of all Coroners in said City to make returt. 
 to the Bureau of Records of -all requisitions by them ta4cen, except 
 when by law such inquests are required to be filed elsewhere', and 
 such return shall include the evidence taken on such inquest, and 
 the verdict of the jury, and the full names and residences of the sev 
 eral jurymen. 
 
 And in all cases where the inquest may be required by law to be 
 filed elsewhere such Coroner shall make return to said Bureau of ;< 
 copy of such inquest, including a copy of such evidence and verdict . 
 and all such returns shall be made within forty-eight hours after the 
 holding of any and every inquest. 
 
 Railroad Cars. 
 
 Sec. 172. No railroad car constructed for or used in carrying- 
 
IS2 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 passengers for hire on any line of railroad, either surface or elevated 
 ni The City of New York, except cars run in trains entering The Citj 
 of New York from without the limits of said City, shall be used with 
 cloth or cloth cushions on the seats or on the backs of seats, or with 
 textile fabrics on the floor thereof. 
 
 Sec. 173. Each and every car used upon any railroad in The 
 City of New York for the carrying of passengers shall, on each and 
 • wery day on which it may be used, be carefully and thoroughly 
 •Jeaned. so. that all refuse, dirt and filth are removed from the iqside 
 of said car. 
 
 Sec. 174. No person shall at any time carry or convey in or 
 upon any passenger railroad car. nor shall any conductor or person 
 in charge^ of such railroad car permit or allow to be carried or con 
 veyed in or upon such car, except on the iront platform there* >' any 
 soiled, or dirty S'lJcles of clothing or bedding. 
 
 Sec. 175. . Every car used for the carrying of passengers in The 
 City .pf.N ew York shall be constructed so as to provide and secure 
 at all times good, adequate and sufficient ventilation. 
 
 Sec. 176. Every company, corporation or person operating a 
 line of railroad cars for the carriage of passengers for hire in The 
 City of New York shall, in connection with the running and opera- 
 tion of cars as aforesaid, have and provide closed cars to be run on 
 said railroad; and at all times shall have, provide and operate at 
 least one closed car in every four cars so operated and run for the 
 carriage of passengers as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 177. No conductor, driver, grip man or motonnan of any 
 railroad car or other vehicle running on tracks in The City of New 
 York shall permit, allow or cause the same to be run, pulled, drawn 
 or propelled on or around any curve on the surface of any public 
 street or avenue of said City unless the means and appliances by 
 which said car is operated and controlled are of such character and 
 -efficiency that the movement of said car is entirely and at all times 
 under absolute control, so that the car can be stopped at will at any 
 point of said curve, and be held motionless upon it or be moved 
 upon it or around it at any desired rate of speed less than the maxi- 
 mum speed of operation; and no person, corporation, superintendent 
 or other person who is interested in or who owns or lias the man- 
 agement and control of any such car or vehicle, shall permit to b*e so 
 run, pulled, drawn or propelled, or placed in service, unless properly 
 provided with means and appliances as aforesaid. No conductor, 
 driver, gripman or motorman of any railroad car or vehicle running 
 on tracks in The City of New York, shall permit, allow or cause 
 ■the same to be run, pulled, drawn or propelled on or around any 
 curve on the surface of any public street or avenue at a rate of speed 
 -*vhich is dangerous or detrimental to life; and no person, corporation, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 153 
 
 superintendent or other person who is interested in or who owns or 
 has the management and control of any such car or vehicle shall 
 permit it to be so run, pulled, drawn or propelled. 
 
 Spitting. 
 
 Sec. 178. Spitting upon the sidewalk of any public street, avenue, 
 park, public square or place, in The City of New York, or upon th< 
 flbqf of any hall in any tenement house which is used in common 
 by the tenants thereof, or upon the floor of any hall or office in any 
 hotel or lodging house which is used in common by the guests there 
 of or upon the floor of any theatre, store, factory or of any . building 
 which is used in common by the public, upon the floor of any ferry 
 boat, railroad car or other public conveyance, or up the floor of any 
 ferry house, depot or station, or upon the station platform or stairs of 
 any elevated railroad or other common carrier, is hereby forbidden. 
 
 The corporations or persons owning or having the management 
 or contrrl of any such building, store, factory ferryboat, railroad car 
 or other public conveyance ferry house, depot or station, station plat 
 form or stairs of any elevated railroad or other common carrier, are 
 hereby required to keep permanently posted in each of said places a 
 sufficient number of notices forbidding spitting upon the floors and 
 calling attention to the provisions of this section. 
 
 The corporations or persons owning or having the management 
 or control of such buildings, stores, factories, ferryboats, ferry houses, 
 depots, station platforms or stairs of any elevated railroad or other 
 common carrier are hereby required to provide sufficient and proper 
 receptacles for expectoration, and also to provide for the cleansing 
 and disinfection of said receptacles at least once every twenty-four 
 hours; and spitting into the street from the ears, stairs, or plat 
 forms of the elevated railroads is hereby forbidden. 
 
 It is hereby made the duty of every corporation or person en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes or tobacco, or con- 
 ducting the business of printing in The City of New York when- 
 ten or more persons are employed on the premises, to provide prop- 
 er receptacles for expectoration. Such receptacles are to be propor 
 tion of one for every two persons so employed, they are to b< 
 cleansed and disinfected at least once every twenty-four hours. 
 
 A copy of the preceding paragraph must be kept posted in a 
 conspicuous place in every factory or printing office mentioned 
 therein. 
 
 Barber Shops. 
 
 Sec. 179. Every barber shop in The City of New'Vork shall b< 
 conducted in accordance with regulations adopted from time to tirn^ 
 by the Board of Health. A copy of such regulations must be posted 
 in a conspicuous place in every such barber shop. 
 
T54 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Noise. • 
 
 Sec 180. No person owning, occupying, or having charge of an> 
 building or premises, shall keep or allow thereon or therein any ani- 
 mal or bird, which shall by noise, disturb the quiet or repose of an> 
 person therein or in the vicinity, to the detriment of the life or 
 health of any human being. 
 
 CHAPTER 15— THE BUILDING CODE. 
 
 Providing for all matters concerning, affecting or relating to the 
 onstruction, alteration or removal of buildings or structures erected 
 >r to be erected in The City of Xew York, as constituted by the 
 Greater New York Charter. 
 
 Part 1— Short Title of this Ordinance. 
 
 A Remedial Ordinance. 
 
 Section 1. This ordinance to be known and cited as the Build- 
 up Code, and presumptively contains the Building Law, except so 
 far as such provision.^ are contained in the Charter — The following 
 provisions shall constitute and be known as the Building Code and 
 may be cited as such, and presumptively provides for all matters con- 
 cerning, affecting or relating to the construction, alteration or re- 
 moval of buildings or structures erected or to be erected in The City 
 of Mew York, as constituted by the Greater New York Charter, ex- 
 < pt so far as such provisions are contained in said Charter. 
 
 Sec. 2. Building Code to be Construed Liberally — This ordi- 
 nance is hereby declared to be remedial, and is to be construed liberal- 
 ly to secure the beneficial interests and purposes thereof. 
 
 Part 2 — Preliminary Requirements. 
 
 Sec. 3. New Buildings and Buildings to Be Altered — No wall, 
 structure, building or part thereof shall hereafter be built or con- 
 structed, nor shall the plumbing or drainage of any building, struc- 
 ture or premises be constructed or altered in The City of New York, 
 except in conformity with the provisions of this Code. No building 
 already erected, or hereafter to be built, in said City, shall be raised, 
 altered, moved or built upon in any manner that would be in viola- 
 tion of an}- of the provisions of this Code, or the approval issued 
 thereunder. 
 
 Sec. 4. Filing Plans and Statements — Before the erection, con- 
 struction or alteration of any building or part of any building, struc- 
 ture or part of any structure or wall, or any platform, staging, or 
 flooring to be used for standing or seating purposes, and before the 
 construction or alteration of the plumbing or drainage of any build- 
 ing, structure or premises is commenced the owner or lessee in con- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. i$S 
 
 hection with the proposed erection or alteration, shall submit to tin 
 Commissioner of Buildings for the borough in which the premises- 
 are situated, a detailed statement in triplicate of the specifications, on 
 appropriate blanks to be furnished to applicants by the Department 
 of Buildings, and a full and complete copy of the plans of such pro- 
 posed work, and such structural detail drawings of said proposed 
 work as the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction may re 
 quire, all of which shall be accompanied with a statement in writing, 
 sworn to before a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds, giving 
 the full name and residence, street and number, of the owner, or of 
 each of the owners of said building, or proposed building, structure 
 or proposed structure, premises, wall," platform, ' staging or flooring. 
 If such crectlorh "construction or alteration, plumbing or drainage or 
 the alteration' thereof, is proposed to be made or executed by any 
 other person than the owner or owners of the land in lee, the person 
 or persons intending to make such erection or alteration, or to con 
 struct such plumbing or drainage, shall accompany said detailed 
 statement - of the specifications and copy of the plans, witnt'a'' "state- 
 ment in writing sworn to as aforesaid, giving the full name" and resi- 
 dence, street 'and number,' of the owner or owners of the rand, or 
 proposed building; ; structure or proposed structure,' premises, ..wall 
 platform', 'staging* .-or flooring either as owner, lessee or in any "repre- 
 sentative capacity,'. ; and that lie or they are duly authorized to'p*'V l 
 form said work. • Such statement may be ma.de by. the agent' or" archi- 
 tect of the person' or persons hereinbefore required to make the samcT 
 Any false swearing in a material point in any statement' submitted irf 
 pursuance of the provisions of this section shall be deemed perjury, 
 and shall be punishable as such. Said sworn statement and detailed 
 statement of specifications and copy of the plans shall be kept ort. 
 file in the office of the Commissioner of Buildings for the Borough 
 where the premises to which they relate are situated, and the erec- 
 tion, construction or alteration of said building, structure, wall, plat- 
 form, staging or flooring, or any part thereof, and the construction or' 
 alteration of the said plumbing or drainage, shall not be commence d 
 or proceeded with until said statements and plans shall have been! 
 so tiled and approved by the said Commissioner of Buildings, and 
 the erection, construction or alteration of such building, structuri . 
 platform, staging or flooring, and the construction or alteration of 
 such plumbing or drainage when proceeded with shall be constructed 
 in accordance with such approved detailed statement of specil 
 tions and copy of plans. Nothing in this section shall be construed 
 to prevent a Commissioner of Buildings from granting his approval 
 for the erection of any part of a building, or any part of a structun . 
 wlu-re plans and detailed statements have been presented for the 
 same before the entire plans and detailed statements of said build 
 
156 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ng or structure have been submitted. Any approval which may be 
 issued by a Commissioner of Buildings, pursuant to the provisions of 
 this secton, but under which no work is commenced within one year 
 from the time of issuance, shall expire by limitation. Ordinary re- 
 pairs of buildings or structures, or of the plumbing or drainage 
 thereof, may be made without notice to the Department of Buildings, 
 but such repairs shall not be construed to include the cutting away 
 of any stone or brick wall, or any portion thereof, the removal or 
 cutting of any beams or supports, or the removal, change or drain- 
 age system, or the construction of any soil or waste pipe. The fore- 
 going provisions arid all the provisions of this Code shall apply with 
 equal force to buildings, both municipal and private. It shall be the 
 duty of the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, to ap- 
 prove or reject any plan filed with him pursuant to the provisions 
 )f this section, within a reasonable time. 
 
 Sec. 5. Demolishing Buildings — When plans and detailed state- 
 ments are filed in the Department of Buildings for the erection of a 
 new building, if an existing building or part of an existing building is 
 to be demolished, such fact shall be stated in the statement so tiled. 
 
 In demolshing any building, story after story shall be completely 
 removed. No material shall be placed upon the floor of any such 
 building in the course of demolition, but the brick, timbers and other 
 .structural parts of each storv shall be lowered to the ground immedi- 
 ately upon displacement. The owner, architect, builder or contrac- 
 tor for any building, structure, premises, wall, platform, staging or 
 flooring to be demolished shall give not less than twenty-four hours' 
 notice to the Department of Buildings of such intended demolition. 
 
 Part 3 — Definitions. 
 
 Sec. 6. •Measurement of Height for Buildings and Walls — The 
 height of buildings shall be measured from the curb level at the 
 centre of the front of the building to the top of the highest point of 
 tue roof beams in the case of flat roofs, and for high-pitched roofs 
 the average of the height of the gable shall be taken as the highest 
 point of the building. 
 
 In case a wall is carried on iron or steel girders or iron or steel 
 girders and columns, or piers of masonry, the measurements as to 
 height for the wall, may be taken from the top of such girder. 
 
 When the walls of a structure do not adjoin the street, then the 
 average level for the ground adjoining the walls may be taken instead 
 of the street curb level for the height of such structure. 
 
 Sec. 7. Measurement of Width of Buildings — For the purposes 
 of this Code, the greatest linear dimension of any building shall be 
 considered its length and the next greatest linear dimension its width. 
 
 Sec. 8. Private Dwellings, Definition of — A private dwelling 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 157 
 
 Shall be taken to mean and include every building, which shall be in- 
 tended or designed for, or used as, the home or residence of not more 
 than two separate and distinct families or households, and in which 
 not more than 1$ rooms shall be used for the accommodation of 
 boarders, and no part of which structure is used as a store or for any 
 business purpose. Two or more such dwellings may be connected on 
 each story when used for boarding purposes, provided the halls and 
 stairs of each house shall be left unaltered. Any such building here- 
 after erected shall not cover more than 90 per cent, of the lot area. 
 
 Sec. 9. Apartment Houses, Definition of — An apartment house 
 shall be taken to- mean and include every building, which shall be in- 
 tended or designed for, or used as, the home or residence of three or 
 more families or households, living independently of each other, and 
 in which every such family or household, shall have provided for it 
 a kitchen, set bathtub and water-closet, separate and apart from any 
 other. Any such building hereafter erected shall not cover any 
 greater percentage of a lot than is lawful to be covered by a tenement 
 house, and the requirements for light and ventilation for a tenement 
 house shall also apply to an apartment house. 
 
 Sec. 10. Hotels, Definition of — A hotel shall be taken to mean 
 and include every building, or part thereof, intended, designed or 
 used for supplying food and shelter to residents or guests, and hav- 
 ing a general public dining-room or cafe, or both, and containing 
 more than 15 sleeping rooms above the first story, and be intended 
 and used for business purposes, and not be located on any other 
 than a corner lot or plot, it shall not cover in the aggregate more 
 than 90 per cent, of the area of such lot or plot at and above the 
 second story level, if not more than five stories in height, and two 
 and one-half per cent, less for every additional story in height; and 
 on a corner lot, when covering an area of not more than 3.000 square 
 feet, it shall not occupy more than 95 per cent, of the area of such 
 lot at and above the second story level. In case any such building is 
 to occupy a number of lots, the Commissioner of Buildings having 
 jurisdiction may allow the free air space, proportioned as herein 
 stated, to be distributed in such manner as, in his opinion, will 
 equally as well secure light and ventilation. 
 
 Sec. 11. Office Buildings. Definition of — An office building shall 
 be taken to mean and include every building which shall be divided 
 into rooms above the first story, and be intended and used for busi- 
 ness purposes, and no part of which shall be used for living purposes, 
 excepting only for the janitor and his family. 
 
 Office buildings when not erected on a corner, shall not covet- 
 more than 90 per cent, of the lot area, at and above the second story 
 level. 
 
ORDINANCES O F T 1 1 K G I T Y !•' N E W Y OR K 
 
 Sec. 12; Frame Buildings, Definition of-- A frame building shall 
 be taken to mean a building or structure of which the exterior waifs or 
 a portion thereof shall be constructed of wood. Buildings sheathed 
 w ith boards, and partially or entirely covered with 4 inches of brick 
 work, shall be deemed to be frame buildings. Wood frame- covered! 
 with metal shall be deemed to be wood structures. 
 
 Part 4 — Quality of Materials. 
 
 Sec. 13. Brick — The brick used in all buildings shall be good, 
 hard, well burnt brick. 
 
 When old brick are used in any wall they shall be thoroughly,, 
 cleaned before being" used, and shall be whole and good. hard, well 
 burnt brick. : .tirjr;, • 
 
 Sec. 14. Sand — The sand used for mortar in all building.- shall 
 be clean,, sharp grit sand, free from loam or dirt, and shall n<»t be- 
 liner than the standard samples ke.pt in the office of the Departine'iiV 
 of Buildings. : , , .. . . . . .: / - ' " 
 
 Sec. 15.- Lime Mortar — Lime mortar shall be made of. c^q< part 
 lime and not more than four parts of sand. All lime used for' mortal 4 
 shall be thoroughly burnt, of- good quality, and properly slaked be- 
 fore it is mixed! -with the sand. :.. ~. : 
 
 Sec. 16. Cement Mortar — Cement mortar -hall be made 6f ce 
 merit and sand in the proportion of one part of cement and ftoF.more 
 than three parts sand, and shall be used immediately after bang 
 mixed. The cement and sand are to be measured and thoroughly 
 mixing before adding water. !>,•* 
 
 Cement-must be very finely ground and free from lumps. ; ; i; s 
 . Cements classed as Portland cement shall be considered jo 
 mean such cement as will, when tested neat, after, one .day sei jiw. ;.iir. 
 be capable of sustaining without rupture a tensile strain . of ..at., le,a:st 
 120 pounds per square inch, and after one day in air and sjx day- in 
 water be capable of sustaining without rupture a tensile strain- of at 
 least 300 pounds per square inch. Cements other than Portland 
 cement shall be considered to mean such cement as will, when te>te(l 
 neat, after one day set in air, be capable of sustaining without rupture 
 a tensile strain of at least 60 pounds per square inch, and after, one 
 day in air and six days in water be capable of sustaining without rup. 
 lure a tensile strain of at least 120 pounds per square inch. Said teste 
 arc to be made under the supervision of the Commissioner of Ibtild- 
 ings having jurisdiction, at such times as he may determine, and a 
 record of all cements answering the above requirements shall be kept 
 for public information. 
 
 Sec. 17. Cement and Lime Mortar — Cement Aid lime mortar 
 mixed shall be made of one part lime, one pan of cement and not 
 more than three parts of sand to each. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 18. Concrete for foundations shall be made of at least one 
 part of cement, two parts of sand and five parts of clean broken 
 >tone, of such size so as to pass in any way through a two-inch ring, 
 • >r good, clean gravel may be used in the same proportion as broken 
 -tone. The cement, sand and stone or gravel shall be measured 
 and mixed as is prescribed for mortar. All concrete when in place 
 shall be properly rammed and allowed to set, without being disturbed. 
 
 Sec. 19. Quality of Timber — All timbers and wood beams used 
 in any building shall be of good, sound material, free from rot, large 
 and loose knots, shakes or any imperfection whereby the strength 
 may be impaired, and be of such "size a*id dimensions as the pur- 
 poses for which the building is intended require. 
 
 Sec. 20. Tests of New Materials — New structural material of 
 whatever nature shall be subjected to such tests to determine it 5 - 
 character and quality, as the Commissioner of Buildings for the bor- 
 ough in which the material is to be used shall direct; the tests shall 
 be made under the supervision of said Commissioner, or he may di- 
 rect the architect or owner to tile with him a certified copy of the 
 results of tests, such as he may direct shall be made. 
 
 Sec. 21. Structural Material; Wrought Iron — AH wrought iron 
 shall be uniform in character, fibrous, tough and ductile. It shall 
 have an ultimate tensile resistance of not less than 48,000 pounds per 
 square inch, an elastic limit of not less than 24,000 pounds per square 
 inch, and an elongation of 20 per cent, in eight inches when tested 
 in small specimens. 
 
 Steel — All structural steel shall have an ultimate tensile strength 
 of 54,000 pounds to 04,000 pounds per square inch, its elastic limit 
 shall not be less than 32,000 pounds per square inch, and a mini- 
 mum elongation of not less than 20 per cent, in eight inches. Rivet 
 steel shall have an ultimate strength of from 50,000 to 58,000 pounds 
 per square inch- 
 
 Cast Steel — Shall be made of open hearth steel, containing one- 
 quarter to one-half per cent, of carbon, not over eight one-hun- 
 dredths of 1 per cent, of phosphorus and shall be practically free 
 from blow-holes. 
 
 Cast Iron — Shall be of good foundry mixture, producing a clean, 
 tough, gray iron. Sample bars, five feet long, one inch square, cast 
 in sand molds, placed on supports four feet six inches apart, shall 
 bear a central load of 450 pounds before breaking. Castings shall be 
 tree from serious blow-holes, cinder spots and cold shuts. Ultimate 
 tensile strength shall be not less than 10,000 pounds per square 
 inch when tested in small specimens. 
 
 Part 5 — Excavations and Foundations. 
 
 Sec. 22. Excavations — All excavations for buildings shall be 
 
joo ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 properly guarded and protected so as to prevent the same from be- 
 coming dangerous to life or limb, and shall be sheath-piled when 
 necessary to prevent the adjoining earth from caving in, by the per 
 son or persons causing the excavations to be made.. Plans filed in 
 the Department of Buildings shall be accompanied by a statenum 
 of the character of the soil at the level of the footings. 
 
 Whenever an excavation of either earth or rock for building <u 
 other purposes shall be intended to be, or shall be carried to a depth 
 of more than 10 feet below the curb, the person or persons causing 
 such excavation to be made shall at all times, from the commence 
 meflt until the completion thereof, if afforded the necessary license, 
 to enter upon the adjoining land, and not otherwise, at his or their 
 expense, preserve any adjoining or contiguous wall or walls, strnc 
 ture or structures from injury, and support the same by proper 
 foundations, so that the said wall or walls, structure or structure^ 
 are down more or less than 1<> feet below the curb. If the neces- 
 sary license is not accorded to the person or persons making such- 
 excavation, then it shall be the duty of the owner refusing to grant 
 Mich license to make the adjoining or contiguous wall or walls, 
 structure or structures, safe, and support the same by proper foun- 
 dations so that adjoining excavations may be made and shall be 
 permitted to enter upon the premises where such excavation i> 
 being made for that purpose, when necessary. If such excavation 
 shall not be intended to be, or shall not be, carried to a depth <»t 
 more than 10 feet beiow the curb, the owner or owners of such ad- 
 joining or contiguous wall or walls, structure or structures, shall 
 preserve the same from injury, and so support the same by proper 
 foundations,, that it or they shall be and remain practically safe as 
 before such excavation was commenced, and shall be permitted to 
 enter upon the premises where such excavation is being made for 
 that purpose, when necessary. 
 
 In case an adjoining party wall is intended to be used by the 
 person or persons causing the excavation to be made, and such 
 party wall is in good condition and sufficient for the uses of the ad- 
 joining building, then and in such case the person or persons caus- 
 ing the excavations to be made shall, at his or their own expense, 
 preserve such party wall from injury and support the same by proper 
 foundations, so that said party wall shall be and remain practically 
 as safe as before the excavation was commenced. 
 
 If the person or persons whose duty it shall be to preserve or 
 protect any wall or walls, structure or structures from injury shall 
 neglect or fail so to do after having had a notice of twenty-four 
 hours from the Department of Buildings, then the Commissioner oi 
 Ruildings may enter upon the premises and employ such labor and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. i6t 
 
 fufrnish sitch materials, and take such steps as, in his judgment, may 
 he necessary to make the same safe and secure, or to prevent the 
 same from becoming unsafe or dangerous, at the expense of the per- 
 son or persons whose duty it is to keep the same safe and secure- 
 Any party doing the said work, or any part thereof, under and by 
 direction of the said Department of Buildings, may bring and main- 
 tain an action against the person or persons last herein referred to, 
 to recover the value of the work done and materials furnished, in and 
 about the said premises, in the same manner as if he had been em- 
 ployed to do the said work by the said person or persons. When 
 an excavation is made on any lot, -the person or persons causing such 
 excavation to be made shall build, at his or their own cost and ex- 
 pense, a retaining wall to support the adjoining earth; and such 
 retaining wall shall be carried t » the height of the adjoining earth, 
 and be protected by coping. The thickness of a retaining wall at 
 its base shall be no less than one-fourth of its height. 
 
 Sec. 23. Bearing Capacity of Soil- — Where no test of the sus- 
 taining power of the soil is made, different soils, excluding mud. at 
 the bottom of the footings, shall be deemed to safely sustain the fol- 
 lowing loads to the superficial foot — namely: Soft clay, one ton per 
 square foot; ordinary clay and sand together, in layers, wet and 
 springy, two tons per square foot; loam, clay or fine sand, firm and 
 dry, three tons per scptarc foot; very firm, coarse sand, stiff gravel 
 or hard clay, four tons per square foot, or as otherwise determined 
 by the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction.. When a test 
 is made of the sustaining power of the soil the Commissioner of 
 Buildings shall be notified, so that he may be present in person or 
 by representative. The record of the test shall be tiled in the De- 
 partment of Buildings, When a doubt arises as to the safe sustain- 
 ing power of the earth upon which a building is to be erected the 
 Department of Buildings may order borings to be made, or direct 
 the sustaining power of the soil to be tested by and at the expense 
 of the owner of the proposed building. 
 
 Sec. 24. Pressure Under Footings of Foundations — The loads 
 exerting pressure under the footings of foundations in buildings of 
 more than three (3) stories in height are to be computed as follows: 
 For warehouses and factories they are to be the full dead load and 
 the full live load established by section 130 of this Code. In stores 
 and buildings for light manufacturing purpose^ they are to be the full 
 dead load and 7.*> per cent, of the live load established by section 130 
 of this Code. 
 
 In churches, school houses and places of public amusement of 
 assembly they are to be full dead load and. 75 per cent, of the live 
 lead established by section 130 of this Code. 
 
i6_> ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 En office buildings, hotels, dwellings, apartment houses, tenement 
 houses, lodging houses and stables they are to be the full dead load 
 and GO per cent, of the live load established by section 130 of this 
 Code. 
 
 Footings will be so designed that the loads will be as nearly uni- 
 form as possible and not in excess of the safe bearing capacity of 
 the soil, as established by section 23 of this Code. 
 
 Sec. 25- Foundations — Every building, except buildings erected 
 upon solid rock or buildings erected Upon wharves and piers on the 
 water front, shall have foundation of brick, stone, iron, steel or con- 
 crete laid not less than 4 feet below the surface of the earth, on the 
 solid ground or level surface of rock, or upon piles or ranging tim- 
 bers when solid earth or rock is not found. Piles intended to sus- 
 tain a wall, pier or post shall be spaced not more than 36 or less 
 than 20 inches on centres, and they shall be driven to a solid bear- 
 ing, if practicable to do so, and the number of such piles shall be 
 sufficient to support the superstructure proposed. Xo pile shall be 
 used of less dimensions than 5 inches at the small end and 10 inches 
 at the butt for short piles, or piles 20 feet or less in length, and 12 
 inches at the butt for long piles, or piles more than 20 feet in length. 
 No nile shall be weighted with a load exceeding 40,000 pounds. 
 When a pile is not driven to refusal, its safe sustaining power shall 
 be determined by the following formula: Twice the weight of the 
 hammer in tons multiplied by the height of the fall in feet divided by 
 the least penetration of pile under the' last blow in inches plus one. 
 The Commissioner of Buildings shall be notified of the time when 
 such test piles will be driven, that he may be present in person or by 
 representative. The tops of all piles shall be cut off below the low- 
 est water line. When required, concrete shall be rammed down in 
 the interspaces between the beads of the piles to a depth and thick- 
 ness of not less than 12 inches and for one foot in width outside of 
 the piles. Where ranging and capping timbers are laid on piles for 
 foundations, they shall be of- hard wood not less than six inches 
 thick and properly joined together, and their tops laid below the 
 lowest water line. Where metal is incorporated in or forms part of 
 a foundation, it shall be thoroughly protected from rust by paint, 
 asphaltum, concrete, or by such materials and in such manner as 
 may be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings. When footings 
 of iron or steel for columns are placed below the water level, they 
 shall be similarly coated, or inclosed in concrete, for preservation 
 against rust. When foundations are carried down through earth by 
 piers of stone, brick or concrete in caissons, the loads on same shall 
 be not more than 1 ."> tons to the square foot when carried down to 
 rock; 10 tons to the square foot when carried down to firm gravel 
 
Ordinances of the city of new vork. 
 
 or hard clay; 8 tons to the square loot in open caissons or >heet pile 
 trenches when carried down to rock. Wood piles may he useid for 
 the foundations under frame buildings built over the water or on 
 salt meadow land, in which case the piles may project above the 
 water a sufficient height to raise the building above high tide, and the 
 building may be placed directly thereon without other foundation. 
 
 Sec. Foundation Walls — Foundation walls shall be construed 
 to include all walls and piers built below the curb level, or nearest 
 tier of beams to the curb, to serve as supports for walls, piers, col- 
 umns, girders, posts or beams. Foundation walls shall be built of 
 stone, brick, Portland cement, concrete, iron or steel. If built of 
 rubble stone or Portland cement concrete, they shall be at least 8 
 inches thicker than the wall next above them to a depth of 12 feet 
 below the curb level; and for every additional 10 feet, or part there- 
 of, deeper, they shall be increased 4 inches in thickness. If built of 
 brick, they shall be at least 4 inches thicker than the wall next above 
 them to a depth of 12 feet below the curb level; and for every addi- 
 tional 10 feet, or part thereof, they shall be increased 4 inches in 
 thickness. 
 
 The footing or base course shall be of stone or concrete, or 
 both, or of concrete and stepped-up brick work, of sufficient thick- 
 ness and area to safely bear the weight to be imposed thereon- If 
 the footing or base course be of concrete, the concrete shall not be 
 less than 12 inches thick. If of stones, the stones shall not be less 
 than 2 by feet, and at least 8 inches in thickness for walls; and not 
 less than 10 inches in thickness if under piers, columns or posts; the 
 footing or base course, whether formed of concrete or stone, shail 
 be at least 12 inches wider than the bottom width of walls, and at 
 least 12 inches wider on all sides than the bottom width o*f said piers, 
 columns or posts. If the superimposed load is such as to cause un- 
 due transverse strain on a footing projecting 12 inches, the thickness 
 of such footing is to" be increased so as to carry the load with 
 safety. For small structures and for small piers sustaining light 
 loads, the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction may, in his 
 discretion, allow a reduction in the thickness and projection for foot- 
 ing or base courses herein specified. All base stones shall be well 
 bedded and laid crosswise, edge to edge. 
 
 If stepped-up footing of brick are use in place of stone, above the 
 concrete, the offsets, if laid in single courses, shall each not exceed 
 one and one-half inches, or if laid in double courses, then each shall 
 not exceed 3 inches, offsetting the first course of brickwork, back 
 one-half the thickness of the concrete base, so as to properly dis- 
 tribute the load to be imposed thereon. 
 
 If. in place of a continuous foundation wall, isolated piers are to 
 
164 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 be built to support the superstructure, where the nature of the ground 
 and the character of the building make it necessary, in the opinion of 
 the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, inverted arches 
 resting on a proper bed of concrete, both designed to transmit with 
 safety the superimposed loads, shall be turned between the piers. 
 The thrust of the outer piers shall be taken up by suitable wrought 
 iron or steel rods and plates. 
 
 Grillage beams of wrought iron or steel resting on a proper 
 concrete bed may be used. Such beams must be provided with sep- 
 arators and bolts inclosed and Idled solid between with concrete, 
 and of such sizes and so arranged as to transmit with safety the 
 superimposed loads. 
 
 All stone walls 24 inches or less in thickness shall have at least 
 one header extending through the wall in every 3 feet in height from 
 the bottom of the wall, and in every 3 feet in length, and if over 24 
 inches in thickness, shall have one header for every 6 superficial feet 
 •on both sides of the wall, laid on top of each other to bond together, 
 and running into the wall at least 2 feet. 
 
 All headers shall be at least 12 inches in width and 8 inches in 
 thickness, and consist of good flat stones. 
 
 No stone shall be laid in such walls in any other position than 
 on its natural bed. 
 
 No stone shall be used that does not bond or extend into the 
 wall at least G inches. Stones shall be (irmly bedded in cement 
 mortar and all spaces and joints thoroughly Riled. 
 
 Part 6 — Walls, Piers and Partitions. 
 
 Sec. 27. Materials of Wails — The walls of all buildings, other 
 than frame or wooden buildings, shall be constructed of stone, brick, 
 Portland cement concrete, iron, steel or other hard, incombustible 
 material and the several component parts of such buildings shall be 
 as herein provided. All buildings shall be inclosed on all sides with 
 independent or party walls- 
 
 Sec. 28. Walls and Piers — In all walls of the thickness specified 
 in this Code, the same amount of materials may be used in piers and 
 buttresses. Hearing walls shall be taken to mean those walls on 
 which the beams, girders or trusses rest. If any horizontal section 
 through any part of any bearing wall in any building shows more 
 than 30 per centum area of flues and openings, the said wall shall be 
 increased four inches in thickness for every 15 per centum, or frac- 
 tion thereof, of flue or opening area in excess of 30 per centum. 
 
 The walls and piers of all buildings shall be properly and solidly 
 bonded together with close Joints filled with mortar. They shall be 
 built to a line and be carried up plumb and straight. The walls of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 165 
 
 each story shall be built up the full thickness to the top of the beams 
 above. All brick laid in non-freezing weather shall be well wet be- 
 fore being laid. Walls or piers, or parts of walls and piers, shall 
 not be built in freezing weather, and if frozen, shall not be built upon. 
 
 All piers shall be built of stone or good, hard, well-burnt brick, 
 laid in cement mortar. Every pier of brick, containing less than 9 
 superficial feet at the base, supporting any beam, girder, arch or 
 column on which a wall rests, or lintel spanning an opening over ten 
 feet and supporting a wall, shall at intervals of not over 30 inches 
 apart in height have built into it a bond stones may conform with 
 the kind of stone used for the trimmings of strength, and the full 
 size of the piers. For piers fronting on a street the bond stones 
 may conform with the kind of stone used for the trimmings of the 
 front. Cap stones of cut granite or blue stone, proportioned to the 
 weight to be carried, but not less than 5 inches in thickness, by the 
 full size of the pier, or cast-iron plates of equal strength by the full 
 size of the pier, shall be set under all columns or girders, except 
 where a 4-inch bond stone is placed immediately below said cap 
 stone, in which case the cap stone may be reduced in horizontal di- 
 mensions at the discretion of the Commissioner of Buildings having 
 jurisdiction. Isolated brick piers shall not exceed in height ten 
 times their least dimensions. Stone posts for the support of posts 
 or columns above shall not be used in the interior of any building. 
 Where walls or piers are built of coursed stones, with dressed level 
 beds and vertical joints, the Department of Buildings shall have the 
 right to allow such walls or piers to be built of a less thickness than 
 specified for brickwork, but in no case shall said walls or piers be 
 less than three-quarters of the thickness provided for brickwork. 
 
 In all brick walls every sixth course shall be a headlong course, 
 except where walls are faced with brick in running bond, in which 
 latter case every sixth course shall be bonded into the backing by 
 cutting the course of the face brick and putting in diagonal headers 
 behind the same, or by splitting the face brick in half and backing 
 the same with a continuous row of headers. Where face brick is 
 used of different thickness from the brick used for backing, the 
 courses of the exterior and interior brickwork shall be brought to a 
 level bed at intervals of not more than ten courses in height of the 
 face brick. All bearing walls faced with brick laid in running bond 
 shall be 4 inches thicker than the walls are required to be under any 
 section of this Code. 
 
 Sec- 29. Ashlar — Stone used for the facing of any building, and 
 known as ashlar, shall not lie less than 4 inches thick. 
 
 Stone ashlar shall be anchored to the barking and the backing 
 shall be of such thickness as to make the walls, independent of the 
 
j66 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ashlar, conform as to the thickness with the requirements of sections 
 31 and 32 of this Code, unless the ashlar be at least 8 inches thick 
 and bonded into the backing, and then it may be counted as part of 
 the thickness of the wall. 
 
 Iron ashlar plates used in imitation of stone ashlar on the face 
 of a wall shall be backed up with the same thickness of brickwork 
 as stone ashlar. 
 
 Sec. 30. Mortar for Walls and Ashlar — All foundation walls, 
 isolated piers, parapet walls and chimneys above, roofs shall be laid 
 in cement mortar, but this shall not pronibit the use, in cold weath- 
 er, of a small proportion of lime to prevent the mortar from freez- 
 ing. All other walls built of brick or stone shall be laid in lime, 
 cement, or lime and cement mortar mixed. 
 
 The backing up of all stone ashlar shall be laid up with cement 
 mortar, or cement and lime mortar mixed, but the back of the ashlar 
 may be parged with lime mortar to prevent discoloration of the 
 stone. 
 
 bee. 31. Walls for Dwelling Houses — The expression "walls 
 for dwelling houses" shall be taken to mean and include in this class 
 walls for the following buildings: 
 
 Dwellings, asylums, apartment houses, convents, club houses, 
 dormitories, hospitals, hotels, lodging-houses, tenements, parish 
 buildings, schools, laboratories, studios. 
 
 The walls above the basement of dwelling houses not over three 
 stories and basement in height, nor more than 10 feet in height, and. 
 not over 20 feet in width, and not over 55 feet in depth, shall have 
 side and party walls not less than 8 inches thick, and front and rear 
 Avails not less than 12 inches thick. All walls of dwellings exceeding 
 20 feet in width and not exceeding 40 feet in height, shall be not less 
 than 12 inches thick. All walls of dwellings 23 feet or less in width 
 between bearing walls whieh are hereafter erected or which may be 
 altered to be used for dwellings and being over -10 feet in height and 
 not over 50 feet in height, shall be not less than 12 inches thick 
 above the foundation wall. No wall shall be built having a 12-inch 
 thick portion measuring vertically more than 50 feet. If over 50 feet 
 ill height and not over 125 feet in height, the walls shall not be less 
 than 24 inches thick in the story next above the foundation walls and 
 from thence not less than 12 inches to the top. If over GO feet in 
 height and not over 75 feet in height, the walls shall be not less than 
 10 inches thick above the foundation walls to the height of 25 feet, 
 or to the nearest tier of beams to that height, and from then not less 
 than 12 inches thick to the top. If over 75 feet in height and not oyer 
 100 feet in height, the walls shall be not less than 20 inches thick 
 above the foundation walls to the height of 40 feet, or to the near- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 est tier of beams to that height, thence not less than 16 inches thick 
 to the height of 75 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that 
 height, and not less than 12 inches thick to the top. If over 100 feet 
 in height and not over 125 feet in height, the walls shall not be less 
 than 24 inches thick above the foundation walls to the height of 40 
 feet or to the nearest tier of beams to that height, thence not less 
 than 20 inches thick to the height of 75 feet, or to the nearest tier 
 of beams to that height, thence not less than 16 inches thick to the 
 height of 110 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that height, and 
 thence not less than 12 inches thick to the top. If over 125 feet in 
 height and not over 150 feet in height, the walls shall be not less 
 than 28 inches thick above the foundation walls to the height of 30 
 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that height; thence not less 
 than 24 inches thick to the height of 65 feet, or to the nearest tier of 
 beams to that height; thence not less than 20 inches thick to the 
 height of 100 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that height, 
 thence not less than 16 inches thick to the height of 3 35 feet, or to 
 the nearest tier of beams to that height, and thence not less than 12 
 inches thick to the top. If over 150 feet in height, each additional 
 30 feet in height or part thereof, next to the foundation walls, shall 
 be increased 4 inches in thickness, the upper 150 feet of wall re- 
 maining the same as specified for a wall of that height- 
 All non-fireproof dwelling houses erected under this section, ex- 
 ceeding 26 feet in width, shall have brick fore-and-aft partition walls. 
 All non-bearing walls of buildings hereinbefore in this section speci- 
 fied may be 4 inches less in thickness, provided, however, that none 
 are less than 12 inches thick, except as in this Code specified. Eight- 
 inch partition walls may be built to support the beams in such 
 buildings in which the distance between the main or bearing walls 
 is not over 33 feet; if the distance between the main or bearing walls 
 is over 33 feet the brick partition wall shall not be less than 12 
 inches thick; provided, that no clear span is over 26 feet. No wall 
 shall be built having any one thickness "measuring vertically more 
 than 50 feet. This section shall not be construed to prevent the use 
 of iron or steel girders, or iron or steel girders and columns, or piers 
 of masonry, for the support of the walls and ceilings over any room 
 which has a clear span of more than 26 feet between walls, in such 
 dwellings as are not considered fireproof, nor to exhibit the use of 
 iron or steel girders, or iron or steel girders and columns in place of 
 brick walls in buildings which are to be used for dwellings when 
 constructed fireproof. If the clear span is to' be over 2(> feet, then 
 the bearing walls shall be increased 4 inches in thickness for every 
 12 x /2 feet or part thereof that said span is over 2(5 feet, or shall have, 
 instead of increased thickness., such piers or buttresses as. in the 
 
168 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 judgment of the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, may 
 be necessary. 
 
 Whenever two or more dwelling houses shall be constructed 
 not over 12 feet 6 inches in width, and not over 50 feet in height, the 
 alternating centre wall between any two such houses shall be of 
 brick, not less than 8 inches thick above the foundation wall, and the 
 ends of the floor beams shall be so separated that 4 inches of brick- 
 work will be between the beams where they rest on the said centre 
 wail. 
 
 Sec. 32. Walls for Warehouses — The expression "walls for 
 warehouses" shall be taken to- mean and include in this class walls 
 for the following buildings: 
 
 Warehouses, stores, factories, mills, printing-houses, pumping 
 stations, refrigerating houses, slaughter-houses, wheelwright shops, 
 cooperage shops, breweries, light and power houses, sugar refineries, 
 office buildings, stables, markets, railroad buildings, jails, police sta- 
 tions, court houses, observatories, foundries, machine shops, public 
 assembly buildings, armories, churches, theatres, libraries, museums. 
 The walls of all warehouses, 25 feet or less in width between walls 
 or bearings, shall not be less than 12 inches thick to the height of 
 40 feet above the foundation walls. It over 40 feet in height, and 
 not over 60 feet in height, the walls shall not be less than J 6 inches 
 thick above the foundation walls to the height of 40 feet, or to the 
 nearest tier of beams to that height, and thence not less than 12 
 inches thick to the top. If over 60 feet in height, and not over 75 
 feet in height, the walls shall not be less than 20 inches thick above 
 the foundation walls to the height of 25 feet, or to the nearest tier 
 of beams to that height, and thence not less than L6 inches thick to 
 the top. If over 75 feet in height, and not over 100 feet in height, 
 the walls shall not be less than 24 inches thick above the foundation 
 walls to the height of 40 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that 
 height; thence not less than 20 inches thick to the height of 75 
 feet c to the nearest tier of beams to that height, and thence not 
 less than 16 inches thick to the top. It over 100 feet in height, and 
 nut over L25 feet in height, the walls shall be not less than 28 inches 
 thick above the foundation walls to the height of 40 feet, or to the 
 ncaicsi tier of beams to that height; thence not less than 24 inches 
 thick to the height of 75 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that 
 height; thence not less than 20 inches thick to the height of 110 feet, 
 or to the nearest tier of beams to that height, and thence not less 
 than 16 inches thick to the top. If over 125 feet in height, and not 
 oyer j."0 feet, the walls shall not be less than :J2 inches thick above 
 the foundation walls to the height of 30 feet, or to the nearest tier 
 of beams to that height; thence not less than 28 inches thick to the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 169 
 
 height of 65 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that height; thence 
 not less than 24 inches thick to the height of 100 feet, or to t'he near- 
 est tier of beams to that height; thence not less than 20 inches thick 
 to that height of 135 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to that 
 height; and thence not less than 16 inches thick to the top. If over 
 150 feet in height, each additional 25 feet in height, or part thereof 
 next above the foundation walls shall be increased 4 inches in thick- 
 ness, the upper 150 feet of wall remaining the same as specified for a 
 wall of that height. 
 
 If there is to be a clear span of over 25 feet between the bearing 
 walls, such walls shall be 4 inches more in thickness than in this sec- 
 tion specified, for every i2 l / 2 feet, or fraction thereof, that said walls 
 are more than 25 feet apart, or shall have instead of the increased 
 thickness such piers or buttresses as, in the judgment of the Commis- 
 sioner of Buildings, may be necessary. 
 
 The walls of building of a public character shall not be less than in 
 this Code specified for warehouses with such piers or such buttresses, 
 or supplemental columns of iron or steel, as, in the judgment of the 
 Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, may be necessary to 
 make a safe and substantial building. 
 
 In all stores, warehouses and factories over 25 feet in width between 
 walls there shall be brick partition walls, or girders supported on iron, 
 steel or wood columns, or piers of masonry. 
 
 In all stores, warehouses and factories, in case iron, steel or wood 
 girders, supported by iron, steel or wood columns or piers or masonry, 
 are used in place of brick partition walls, the building may be 75 feiet 
 wide and 210 feet deep, when extending from street to street, or when 
 otherwise located may cover an area of not more than 8,000 superficial 
 feet. When a building fronts on three streets it may be 105 feet wide 
 and 210 feet deep, or if a corner building fronting on two streets it 
 may cover an area of not more than 12,500 superficial feet; but in no 
 case wider nor, deeper, nor to cover a greater area, except in the case 
 oi fireproof buildings. An area greater than herein stated may, con- 
 sidering location and purpose, be allowed by the Board of Buildings 
 when the proposed building does not exceed 3 stories in height. 
 
 Sec. 33. Increased Thickness of Walls for Buildings More Than 
 105 Feet in Depth — All buildings, not excepting dwellings, that are 
 over 105 feet in depth, without a cross-wall or proper piers or but- 
 tresses, shall have the side or bearing walls increased in thickness 4 
 inches more than is specified in the respective sections of this Code 
 for the thickness of walls for every 105 feet, or part thereof, that the 
 said dwellings are over 105 feet in depth. 
 
 Sec. 34. Reduced Thickness for Interior Walls — In case the walls 
 of any building are less than 25 feet apart, and less than 40 feet in 
 
i;o ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 depth, or there are cross-walls which intersect the walls, not more 
 than 40 feet distant, or piers or buttresses built' into walls, the interior 
 Avails may be reduced in thickness in just proportion to the number of 
 cross-walls, piers or buttresses, and their nearness to each other: pro- 
 vided, however, that this clause shall not apply to walls below 60 feet 
 in height, and that no such wall shall be less than 12 finches thick at 
 the top, and gradually increased in thickness by setoffs to the bottom. 
 The Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction is hereby author- 
 ized and empowered to decide (except where herein otherwise pro- 
 vided for) how much the walls herein mentioned may be permitted to 
 be reduced in thickness, according to the peculiar circumstances of 
 each case, without endangering the strength and safety of the building. 
 
 Sec. 35. One-story Brick Buildings — One-story structures not ex- 
 ceeding a height of 15 feet may be built with 8-inch walls when the 
 bearing w^alls are not more than 19 feet apart, and the length of the 8- 
 inch bearing walls does not exceed 55 feet. One-story and basement 
 extensions may be built with 8-inch walls when not over 20 feet wide. 
 20 ieet deep and 20 feet high to dwellings. 
 
 Sec. 36. Inclosure Walls for Skeleton Structures — Walls of brick 
 built in between iron or steel columns, and supported wholly or in part 
 on iron or steel girders, shall not be less than 12 inches thick for 75 
 feet of the uppermost height thereof, or to the nearest tier of beams 
 to that measurement, in any building so constructed, and every lower 
 section of 60 feet, or to the nearest tier of beams to such vertical meas- 
 urement, or part thereof, shall have a thickness of 4 inches more than 
 is required for the 'section next above it down to the tier of beams 
 nearest to the curb level; and thence downward, the thickness of walls 
 shall increase in the ratio prescribed in section 26, this Code. 
 
 Sec. 37. Curtain Walls built in between piers of iron or steel col- 
 umns and not supported on steel or iron girders, shall be not less than 
 twelve inches thick for sixty feet of the uppermost height thereof, or 
 nearest tier of beams to that height, and increased four inches for 
 every additional section of sixty feet or nearest tier of*beams to that 
 height. 
 
 Sec. 38. Existing Party Walls — Walls heretofore built for or used 
 as party walls, whose thickness at the time of their erection was in 
 accordance with the requirements of the then existing laws, but which 
 are not in accordance with the requirements of this Code, ma'y be 
 used, if in good condition, for the ordinary uses of party walls, pro- 
 vided the height of the same be not increased. 
 
 Sec. 39. Lining Existing Walls — In case it is desired to increase 
 the height of existing party or independent walls, which are less in 
 thickness than required under this Code, the same shall be done by a 
 lining of brickwork to form a Combined thickness with the old wall of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 not less than 4 inches more than the thickness required for a new wall 
 corresponding with the total height of the wall when so increased -in 
 height. The said linings shall be supported on proper foundations 
 and carried up to such height as the Commissioner of Buildings hav- 
 ing jurisdiction may require. No lining shall be less than eight 
 inches in thickness, and all lining shall be laid up in cement mortar 
 and thoroughly anchored to the old brick walls with suitable wrought- 
 iron anchors, placed two feet apart and properly fastened or driven 
 into the old walls in rows alternating vertically and horizontally with 
 «ach other, the old walls being first cleaned of plaster or other coat- 
 ings where any lining is to be built against the same. No rubble wall 
 shall be lined except after inspection and approval by the Department. 
 
 Sec. 40. Walls of Unfinished Buildings — Any building, the erection 
 of which was commenced in accordance with specifications and plans 
 submitted to and approved by the Department of Buildings prior to 
 the passage of this Code, if properly constructed and in safe condition., 
 may be completed or built upon in accordance with the requirements 
 of law. as to thickness of walls, in force at the time when such spe- 
 cifications and plans were approved. 
 
 Sec. 41. Walls Tied, Anchored and Braced — In no case shall any 
 wall or walls of any building be carried up more than two stories in 
 advance of any other wall, except by permission of the Commissioner 
 of Buildings having jurisdiction, but this prohibition shall not include 
 the inclosure walls for skeleton buildings. The front, rear, side and 
 partv walls shall be properly bonded together, or anchored to each 
 other every six feet in their height by wrought-iron tie anchors, not 
 less than one and a half inches by three-eighths of an inch in size, 
 -and not less than twenty-four inches in length. The side anchors 
 shall be built into the side or part}' walls not less than sixteen inches, 
 and into the front and rear walls, so as to secure the front and rear 
 w-alls to the side or party walls when not built or bonded together. 
 All exterior piers shall be anchored to the beams or girders on the 
 level of each tier. The walls and beams of every building, during the 
 ■erection or alteration thereof, shall be strongly braced from the beams 
 of each story, and, when required, shall also be braced from the out- 
 side until the building is inclosed. The roof tier of wood beam-^ snail! 
 be safely anchored with plank or joist to the beams of the story below 
 until the building is inclosed. 
 
 Sec. 42. Arches and Lintels — Openings for doors and windows in 
 all buildings shall have good and sufficient arches of stone, brick or 
 terra-cotta, well built and keyed with good and sufficient abutments 
 or lintels of stone, iron or steel of sufficient strength, which shall have 
 a bearing at each end of not less than five inches on the wall. On the 
 inside of all openings in which lintels shall be less than the thickness 
 
j 7 -> QRDIN A N C K S O F T 1 1 K C 1 T V O F N K W Y O R K . 
 
 of the wall to be supported, there sliall he timber lintels which shall 
 r^st at each end not more than three inches on any wall, which shall 
 be chamfered at each end, and shall have a suitable arch turned over 
 the timber lintel. Or the inside lintel may be of cast iron or wrought 
 iron or steel, and in such case stone blocks or cast-iron plates shall 
 not be required at the ends where the lintels rests on the walls; pro- 
 vided the opening is not more than six feet in width. 
 
 All masonry arches shall be capable of sustaining the weight and 
 pressure which they are designed to carry, and the stress at any point 
 shall not exceed the working stress for the material used, as given 
 in Section 139 of this Code. Tie rods shall be used where necessary 
 to secure stability. 
 
 Sec. 43. Parapet "Walls — All exterior and division or party walls 
 over fifteen feet high, excepting where such walls are to be finished 
 with cornices, gutters or crown mouldings, shall have parapet walls 
 not less than eight inches in thickness and carried two feet above the 
 roof, but for warehouses, factories, stores and other buildings used 
 for commercial or manufacturing purposes, the parapet walls shall be 
 not less than twelve inches in thickness and carried three feet above 
 the roof, and all such walls shall be coped with stone, terra-cotta or 
 cast iron. 
 
 Sec. 44. Hollow Walls — In all walls that are built hollow the same 
 quantity of stone, brick or concrete shall be used in their construction 
 as if they were built solid as in this Code provided, and no hollow 
 wall shall be built unless the parts of same are connected by proper 
 ties, either of brick, stone or iron, placed not over twenty-four inches 
 apart. 
 
 Sec. 45. Hollow Bricks on Inside of Walls — The inside four inches 
 of all walls may be built of hard-burnt hollow brick, properly tied and 
 bonded into the walls and of the dimensions of ordinary bricks. 
 Where hollow tile or porous terra-cotta blocks arc used as lining or 
 furring for walls, they shall not be included in the measurement of 
 the thickness of such walls. 
 
 Sec. 46. Recesses and Chases in Walls — Recesses for stairways or 
 elevators may be left in the foundation or cellar walls of all buildings, 
 but in no case shall the walls be of less thickness than the walls of 
 the fourth story, unless reinforced by additional piers with iron or 
 steel girders or iron or steel columns and girders, securely anchored 
 to walls on each side. Recesses for alvoces, and similar purposes shall 
 have not less than 8 inches of brickwork at the back ot such recesses, 
 and such recesses shall be not more than 8 feet in width, and shall be 
 arched over or spanned with iron or steel lintels, and not carried up 
 higher than 18 inches below the bottom of the beams of the floor next 
 above. No chase for water or other pipes shall be made in any pier, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 and in no wall more than one-third of its thickness. The chases 
 around said pipe or pipes shall be filled up with solid masonry for the 
 space of I foot at the top and bottom of each story. No horizontal 
 recess or chase in any wall shall be allowed exceeding 4 feet in 
 length without permission of the Commissioner of Buildings having 
 jurisdiction. The aggregate area of recesses and chases in any wall 
 shall not exceed one-fourth of the whole area of the face of the wall 
 on any story, nor shall any such recess be made within a distance of 
 6 feet from any other recess in the same wall. 
 
 Sec. 47. Furred Walls — In all walls furred with wood, the brick- 
 work between the ends of wood beams shall project the thickness of 
 the furring beyond the inner face of the wall for the full depth of the 
 beams. 
 
 Sec. 48. Light and Vent Shafts — In ever}- building hereafter erected 
 or altered, all the walls or partitions forming interior light or vent 
 shafts shall be built of brick or such other fireproof materials as may 
 be approved by the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction. 
 The walls of all light or vent shafts, whether exterior or interior, 
 hereafter erected, shall be carried up not less than 3 fetH above the 
 level of the roof, and the brick walls coped as other parapet walls. 
 Vent shafts* to light interior bathrooms in private dwellings may be 
 built of wood filled in solidly with brick or hard-burnt clay blocks, 
 when extending through not more than one story in height, and car- 
 ried not less than 2 feet above the roof, covered with a ventilating 
 skylight of metal and glass. 
 
 Sec. 49. Brick and Hollow Tile Partitions — Eight-inch brick and 
 six-inch and four-inch hollow tile partitions of hard-burnt clay or 
 porous terra-cotta may be built, not exceeding in their vertical por- 
 tions a measurement of 50, 36 and 24 feet, respectively, and in their 
 horizontal measurement a length not exceeding 75 feet, unless 
 strengthened by proper crosswalls. piers or buttresses, or boiit in if n 
 or steel framework. All such partitions shall be carried on pr< per 
 foundations, or on iron or steel girders, or on iron or steel girders 
 and columns or piers of masonry. 
 
 Sec. 50. Cellar Partitions in Residence Buildings — One line of fore- 
 and-aft partitions in the cellar or lowest story, supporting stud parti- 
 tions above, in all residence buildings over 20 feet between bearing 
 walls in the cellar or lowest story, hereafter erected, shall be con- 
 structed of brick, not less than 8 inches thick, or piers of brick with 
 openings arched over below the under side of the first tier of beams, 
 or girders of iron or steel and iron columns, or piers of masonry, may 
 be used; or if iron or steel floor beams spanning the distance between 
 bearing walls are used, ot adequate strength to support the stud parti- 
 tions above in addition to the rioor load to be sustained by the said 
 
174 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 iron or steel beams, then the fore-and-aft brick partition, or its equiv- 
 alent, may be omitted. 
 
 Stud partitions, which may be placed in the cellar or lowest Stoty 
 of an}' building, shall have good, solid, stone or brick foundation 
 walls under the same, which shall he built up to the top of the floor 
 beams or sleeper-, and the sills of said partitions shall be of locust 
 or other suitable hard wood; but if the walls are built live inches 
 higher of brick than the top of the floor beams or sleepers, any wood- 
 en sill may be used on which the studs shall be set. 
 
 Sec. 51- Main Stud Partitions— In residence buildings, where 
 fore-and-aft stud partitions rest directly over each other, they shall 
 run down between the wood floor beams and rest cm the top plate of 
 the partition below, and shall have the studding filled in solid between 
 the uprights to the depth of the floor beams with suitable incombusti- 
 ble materials. 
 
 Sec. 52. Timber in Walls Prohibited — Xo timber shall- be used 
 in any wall of any building where stone, brick or iron is commonly 
 used, except inside lintels, as herein provided, and brace blocks, not 
 more than 8- inches in length. 
 
 Part 7 — Apartment Houses, Tenement Houses and Dwellings of Cer- 
 tain Heights, 
 
 Sec. 58. Apartment Houses, Tenement Houses and Dwellings of 
 Certain Heights — Every non-fireproof building hereafter erected or 
 altered for an apartment house or tenement house, five stories in 
 height, or having a basement and four stories in height above a 
 cellar, to be occupied by one or more families on any floor above the 
 first shall have the first floor above the cellar or lowest story con- 
 structed fireproof in such manner as required in section 10G of this 
 Code. When any such non-fireproof building exceeding live stories 
 in height or having a basement and five stories in height above a cel- 
 lar has a store on the first story, the entire second story floor shall 
 also be constructed fireproof. Xo non-fireproof apartment,, house, 
 tenement house or dwelling house shall be hereafter erected more 
 than six stories in height, nor exceed a height of 75 feet, unless such 
 building has both the first and second floors constructed fireproof, 
 and then the height shall be not more than seven stories nor exceed 
 85 feet in height. Fireproof apartment houses or tenement houses, if 
 constructed entirely in accordance with the requirements of section 
 105 of this Code, for fireproof construction may be erected to a 
 height not to exceed 150 feet, but not more than twelve stories in 
 height upon all streets and avenues exceeding 79 feet in width, and 
 125 feet, but net more than ten stories in height upon all streets and 
 avenues not exceeding 70 feet in width, but any such building, when 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 175 
 
 exceeding 100 feet in height, shall be not less than -JO feet in width. 
 If any such building shall have a frontage exceeding 40 feet and ex- 
 ceeds 85 feet in height, it shall have at least two separate fir ep foot 
 stairways accessible from each apartment, leading from ihe ground 
 floor to the roof, one of which shall be remote from elevator shafts. 
 
 The stairs from the cellar or lowest story to the fireproof floor 
 next above, when placed within any such building, shall be located, 
 when practicable, to the rear of the staircase leading from the first 
 story to the upper stories and be enclosed with brick or stone walls, 
 and such stairway shall be provided with self-closing fireproof doors 
 at the top and bottom of said flight of stairs. When such stairway is 
 placed underneath the first story staircase, it shall be constructed fire-- 
 proof and be roofed over with fireproof material, and be also inclosed 
 with brick walls, with self-closing fireproof doors at the top and bot- 
 tom of said flight of stairs. 
 
 When the stairs from the first story to the cellar or lowest story 
 are located in an open side court the door leading thereto from the 
 first story may be placed underneath the staircase in the first story, 
 and the strings and railings of such outside stairs shall be of iron, and 
 if the stairs be inclosed from the weather incombustible material only 
 shall be used for that purpose. No closet shall be constructed under- 
 neath the first story staircase, but the space thereunder shall be left 
 entirely open and kept free from incumbrance, but this shall not pro- 
 hibit the .inclosing without openings of the under portions of the 
 staircase from the foot of the same to a point where the height from 
 the floor line to the soffitt of the staircase shall not exceed 5 feet. 
 
 All non-fireproof apartment houses and tenement houses exceed- 
 ing five stories in height, or having a basement and five stories in 
 height above a cellar, shall be constructed as in this section before 
 described, and shall also have the halls and stairs inclosed with 
 twelv-inch brick walls. Eight-inch brick walls not exceeding 50 feet 
 in their vertical measurement may inclose said walls and sfairs, and 
 be used as bearing walls where the distance between the outside 
 bearing walls does not exceed ?>?> feet, and the area between the said 
 brick inclosure walls does not exceed 180 superficial feet. The 
 floors, stairs and ceilings in said halls and stairways shall be marie 
 of iron, steel, brick, stone, tile, cement or other hard incombustib!e 
 materials, excepting that the flooring and sleepers underneath the 
 same may be of wood and the handrails of the stairs may be of hard 
 wood, and the treads may be of oak not less than 1 5-8 inches in 
 thickness, provided that where such wooden treads are used the 
 under side of the stairs shall be entirely lathed with iron or wire 
 lath, and plastered thereon, < r covered with metal. At least one 
 flight of such stairs in each of >aid buildings shall extend to the roof, 
 
176 
 
 ORDINANCES OE THE CITY OF M'.W YORK. 
 
 and l>c inclosed in a bulkhead 1)nilt of fireproof materials. The said 
 halls and stairways shall have a connecting fireproof hallway inelo>ed 
 with suitable walls of brick or such other fireproof materials, includ- 
 ing the ceiling in all cases, as may be approved, by the Commission- 
 er of Buildings having jurisdiction, in the first story and extend to 
 the street. 
 
 Part 8 — Vaults, Areas and Cellars. 
 
 Sec. 54. Cellars to Be Connected with Sewers. — Before the walls 
 of buildings are carried up above the foundation walls the cellar shall 
 be connected with the street sewers. Should there be no sewer in 
 the street, or if the cellars are below water level, or below the sewer 
 level, then provision shall be made by the owner to prevent water 
 accumulating in the cellars to the injury of the foundations. 
 
 Sec. 55. Vaults Under Sidewalks — In buildings where the space 
 under the sidewalk is utilized, a sufficient stone or brick wall, or brick 
 arches between iron or steel beams, shall be built to retain the road- 
 May of the street, and the side, end or party walls of such buildings 
 shall extend under the sidewalk, of sufficient thickness, to such wall. 
 The roofs of all vaults shall be of incombustible material. Openings 
 in the roofs of vaults for the admission of coal or light, or for man- 
 holes, or for any other purposes, if placed outside the area line, shall 
 be covered with glass set in iron frames, each glass to measure not 
 more than 16 square inches or with iron covers having a rough sur- 
 face, and ribbeted flush with the sidewalk. When any such cover is 
 placed in any sidewalk, it shall be placed as near as practicable to 
 the outside line of the curb. All vaults shall be thoroughly ventilated. 
 
 Sec. 56. Areas — All areas shall be properly protected with suit- 
 able railings or covered over. 
 
 When areas are covered over, iron or iron and glass combined, 
 stone or other incombustible materials shall be used and supported 
 on brick oir stone walls or on iron or steel beams. 
 
 Sec. 57. Cellar Floors — The floor of the cellar or lowest story 
 in every dwelling house, apartment house, tenement house, lodging 
 house, hotel, workshop, factory, school, church, hospital and asylum 
 hereafter erected, shall be concreted not less than four inches thick- 
 
 Where wood floors are to be laid in such cellars or lowest stor- 
 ies, the sleepers shall be placed on top of the concrete. 
 
 Sec. 58. Cellar . Ceilings — The ceiling over every cellar or lowest 
 floor in every residence building more than four stories in height, 
 hereafter erected, when the beams are of wood, shall be lathed with 
 iron or wire lath and plastered thereon with two coats of brown 
 mortar of good materials, or such ether fireproof covering as may be 
 approved by the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 i77 
 
 Part 9 — Wood Beams, Girders and Columns. 
 
 Sec. .">*.). Wo6d Beams — All wood beams and other timbers in the 
 party wall of every building built of stone, brick or iron shall be 
 separated from the beam or timber entering in the opposite side of 
 the wall by at least 4 inches of solid mason work. No wood floor 
 beams or wood roof beams used in any building hereafter erected 
 shall be of a less thickness than :i inches. All wood trimmer and 
 header beams shall be proportioned to carry with safety the loads 
 they are intended to sustain. Every wood header or trimmer more 
 than 4 feet long, used in any building, shall be hung in stirrup irons 
 of suitable thickness for the size of the timbers. Every wood beam, 
 except header and tail beams, shall rest at one end 4 inches in the 
 wall, or upon a girder, as authorized 1)}- this code. The ends of all 
 wood floors and roof beams, where they rest on brick walls, shall 
 be cut to a bevel of 3 inches on their depth. In no case shall either 
 end of a floor er roof beam be supported on stud partitions, except 
 in frame buildings. All wood floor and wood roof beams shall be 
 properly bridged with cross bridging, and the distance betw r een 
 bridging or between bridging and walls shall not exceed 8 feet. All 
 wood beams shall be trimmed away from all flues and chimneys, 
 whether the same be a smoke, air or any other flue or chimney. 
 The trimmer beam shall not be less than 8 inches from the inside 
 face of a flue, and 4 inches from the outside of a chimney breast, and 
 the headers beam not less than 2 inches from the outside face of the 
 brick or stone work of the same; except that for the smoke flues of 
 boilers and furnaces where the brickwork is required to be 8 inches 
 in thickness, the trimmer beam shall be not less than 12 inches from 
 the inside of the flue. The header beam, carrying the tail beams of 
 a floor, and supporting the trimmer arch in front of a fireplace, shall 
 be not less than 20 inches from the chimney breast. The safe carry- 
 ing capacity of wood beams for uniformly distributed loads shall be 
 determined by multiplying the area in square inches by its depth in 
 inches and dividing this product by the span of the beam in feet. 
 This result is to be multiplied by 70 hemlock, 90 for spruce and white 
 pine. 120 for oak, and by 140 for yellow pine. The safe carrying 
 capacity of short span timber beams shall be determined by their 
 resistenee to shear in accordance with the units stresses fixed by 
 section 139 of this Code. 
 
 Sec. 60. Anchors and Straps for Wood Beams and Girders— Each 
 tier of beams shall be anchored to the side, front, rear or party walls 
 at intervals of not more than 6 feet apart, with good, strong, wrought 
 iron anchors of not less than V/z inches by Y% of an inch in size, 
 well fastened to. the side of the beams by two or more nails made of 
 wrought iron at least % of an inch in diameter. Where the beams 
 
1/8 ( ) R I ) I X A X C KS ( ) F T H K C I T V O F X EW Y O R K. 
 
 arc supported by girders, the girders shall be anchored to the walls 
 and fastened to each other by suitable iron straps. The ends of wood 
 beams resting upon girders shall be butted together end to end and 
 strapped by wrought-iron straps of the same size and distance apart, 
 and in the same beam as the wall anchors, and shall be fastened in 
 the same manner as said wall anchors. 
 
 Or they may lap each other at least 12 inches and be well spiked 
 or bolted together where lapped. 
 
 Each tier of beams front and rear, opposite each pier, sh&i_ 
 hard-wood anchor strips dovetailed into the beams diagonally, which 
 strips shall cover at least 4 beams and be 1 inch thick and 4 inches 
 -wide, but no such anchor strips shall be let in within 4 feet of the 
 centre line of the beams; or wood strips may be nailed on the top of 
 the beams and kept in place until the floors are being laid. Every 
 pier and wall, front or rear, shall be well anchored to the beams of 
 each story, with the same size anchors as are required for side walls, 
 which anchors shall hook over the fourth beam. 
 
 Sec. 6i. Wood Columns and Plates — All timber columns shall be 
 squared at the ends perpendicular to their axis. 
 
 To prevent the unit stresses from exceeding those fixed in this 
 Code, timber or iron cap and base plates shall be provided. 
 
 Additional iron check plates shall be placed between the cap and 
 base plates and bolted to the girders when required to transmit the 
 loads with safety. 
 
 Sec. 62. Timber for Trusses — When compression members of 
 trusses are of timber they shall be strained in the direction of the 
 fibre only. When timber is strained in tension, it shall be strained 
 in the direction of the fibre only. The working stress in timber struts 
 of pin-connected trusses shall not exceed seventy-five per cent, of the 
 working strusses established in section 1.39. this Code. 
 
 Sec. 63. Bolts and Washers for Timber Work — All bolts used 
 in connection with timber and wood beam work shall be provided 
 with washers of such proportions as will reduce the compression on 
 the wood at the face of the washer to that allowed in section 139, 
 this Code, supposing the bolt to be strained to its limit. 
 
 Part 10 — Chimneys, Flues, Fireplaces and Heating Pipes. 
 
 Sec. 64. Trimmer Arches — All fireplaces and chimney breasts 
 where mantels are placed, whether intended for ordinary fireplace uses 
 or not, shall have trimmer arches to support hearths, and the said 
 arches shall be at least 20 inches in width, measured from the face 
 of the chimney breast, and they shall be constructed of brick, stone 
 or burnt clay. The length of. a trimmer arch shall not be less than the* 
 width of the chimney breast. Wood centres under trimmer arches 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XFAY YORK. 
 
 i79 
 
 shall bo removed before plastering the ceiling underneath. If a heater 
 is placed in a fireplace, then the hearth shall be the full width of the 
 heater. All fireplaces in which heaters are placed shall have incom- 
 bustible mantels. No wood mantel or other woodwork shall be ex- 
 posed back of a summer piece; the ironwork of the summer piece 
 shall be placed against the back or stone work of the fireplace. No 
 fireplace shall be closed with a word llreboard. 
 
 Sec. 65. Chimneys, Flues and Fireplaces — All fireplaces and chim- 
 neys in stone or brick walls in any building hereafter erected, except 
 as herein otherwise provided, and any chimney or flue hereafter al- 
 tered or repaired, without reference to the purpose for which they 
 may be used, shall have the joints struck smooth on the inside except 
 where lined on the inside with pipe. Xo parging mortar shall be used 
 on the inside of any fireplace, chimney or flue. The firebacks of all 
 fireplaces hereafter erected shall be not less than 8 inches in thick- 
 ness, of solid masonry. When a grate is set in a fireplace a lining of 
 firebrick, at least 2 inches in thickness, shall be added to the fireback, 
 unless soapstone, tile or castiron is used, and filled solidly behind with 
 fireproof material. The stone or brickwork of the smoke flues of all 
 "boilers, furnaces, bakers' ovens, large cooking ranges, large laundry 
 stoves, and all flues used for a similar purpose shall be at least 8 
 inches in thickness, and shall be capped with terra-cotta, stone or 
 castiron. 
 
 The inside 4 inches of all boiler flues shall be firebrick, laid in 
 fire mortar, for a distance of 25 feet in any direction from the source 
 of heat. All smoke flues of smelting furnaces or of steam boilers, or 
 other apparatus which heat the flues to a high temperature, shall be 
 built with double walls of suitable thickness for the temperature, with 
 an air space between the wajls, the inside of the flues to be of firebrick. 
 All smoke flues shall extend at least 3 feet above a flat roof, and at 
 least 2 feet above a peak roof. 
 
 On dwelling houses and stables, three stories or less in height, 
 not less than six of the top courses of a chimney may be laid in 
 pure cement mortar and the brickwork carefully bonded and anchored 
 together in lieu of coping. 
 
 Tn all buildings hereafter erected every smoke flue, except the 
 flues hereinbefore mentioned, shall be lined on the inside with cast 
 iron or well-burnt clay, or terra-cotta pipe, made smooth on the in- 
 side, frbia the boftom of the flue, or from the throat of the fireplace, 
 if the iiue starts from the latter, and carried up continuously to the 
 extreme height of the flue. The ends of all such lining pipes shall be 
 made to fit close together, and the pipe shall be built in as the flue or 
 flues are carried up. Each smoke pipe shall be inclosed on all sides 
 with not less than 4 inches of brickwork properly bonded together. 
 
i8o ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 All flues in every building shall be properly cleaned and all rub- 
 bish removed, and the flues left smooth on the inside upon the com- 
 pletion of the building. 
 
 Sec. 66. Chimney Supports — No chimney shall be started or 
 built upon any floor or beam of wood. 
 
 In no case shall a chimney be corbeled out more than 8 inches 
 from the wall, and in all such cases the corbeling shall consist of at 
 least five courses or brick, but no cobeling more than 4 inches shall 
 be allowed in 8-inch brick walls. Where chimneys are supported by 
 piers, the piers shall start from the foundation on the same line with 
 the chimney breast, and shall be not less than 12 inches on the face, 
 properly bonded into the walls. When a chimney is to be cut off be- 
 low, in whole or in part, it shall be wholly supported by stone, brick, 
 iron or steel. All chimneys which shall be dangerous in any manner 
 whatever, shall be repaired and made safe, or taken down. 
 
 Sec. 67. Chimneys or Cupolas — Iron cupola chimneys or foun- 
 dries shall extend at least 10 feet above the highest point of any roof 
 within a radius of 50 feet of such cupola, and be covered on top with 
 a heavy wire netting. No woodwork shall be placed within 2 feci of 
 the cupola. 
 
 Sec. 68. Hot Air Flues, Pipes and Vent Ducts — All stone or 
 brick hot air flues and shafts shall be lined with tin, galvanized iron or 
 burnt-clay pipes. No wood casing, furring or lath shall be placed 
 against any smoke flue or metal pipe used to convey hot air or 
 steam. No smoke pipe shall pass through any wood floor. No stove- 
 pipe shall be placed nearer than 9 inches to any lath or board parti- 
 tion, ceiling or any woodwork. Smoke pipes of laundry stoves, large 
 cooking ranges and of furnaces shall be not less than 15 inches 
 from any wood work, unless they are properly guarded by metal 
 shields; if so guarded, stovepipes shall be not less than 6 inches dis- 
 tant, smoke pipes of laundry stoves, large cooking ranges and of fur- 
 naces shall be not less than o inches distant from any wood work. 
 Where smoke pipes, pass through a lath and plaster partition they 
 shall be guarded by galvanized iron ventilated thimbles at least 12 
 inches larger in diameter than the pipes, or by galvanized iron thim- 
 bles built in at least 8 inches of brickwork. No smoke pipe shall pass 
 through the roof of any building unless a special permit be first ob- 
 tained from the Building Department for the same. If a permit is so 
 granted, then the roof through which the smoke pipe passes shall be 
 protected in the following manner: A galvanized iron ventilated thim- 
 ble of the following dimensions shall be placed; in case of a stove- 
 pipe, the diameter of the outside guard shall not be less than 12 
 inches and the diameter of the inner one, 8 inches, and for all furnaces, 
 or where similar large hot fires are used, the diameter of the outside 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 guard shall be not less than 18 inches and the diameter of the inner 
 one, 12 inches. The smoke pipe thimbles shall extend from the tinder 
 side of the ceiling or roof beams to at least 9 inches above the roof, 
 and they shall have openings for ventilation at the lower end where the 
 smoke pipes enter, also at the top of the guards above the roof. Where 
 a smoke pipe of a boiler passes through a roof, the same shall be 
 guarded by a ventilated thimble, same as before specified, 36 inches 
 larger than the diameter of the smoke pipe of the boiler. Tin or 
 other metal pipes in brick or stone walls, used or intended to be 
 used to convej' heated air. shall be covered with brick or stone at least 
 4 inches in thickness. Woodwork near hot-air pipes shall be guarded 
 in the following manner: A hot-air pipe shall be placed inside an- 
 other pipe, 1 inch larger in diameter, or a metal shield shall be placed 
 not less than one-half inch from the hot-air pipe; the outside pipe or 
 the metal shield shall remain 1 1-2 inches away from the woodwork 
 and the latter must be tin lined, or in lieu of the above protection. 4 
 inches of brickwork may be placed between the hot-air pipe and the 
 woodwork. This shall not prevent the placing of metal lath and plas- 
 ter directly on the face of hot-air pipes or the placing of woodwork 
 on such metal lath or plaster, provided the distance is not less than 
 seven-eighths of an inch. No vertical hot-air pipe shall be placed in 
 a stud partition, or in a wood inclosure, unless it be at least 8 feet 
 distant in a horizontal direction from the furnace. Hot-air pipes in 
 closets shall be double, with a space of 1 inch between them. Hori- 
 zontal hot-air pipes shall be placed 6 inches below the floor beam- or 
 ceiling; if the floor beams or ceiling are plastered and protected by 
 a metal shield, then the distance shall be not less than 3 inches. 
 
 Vent flues or ducts for the removal of foul or vitiated air in which 
 the temperature of the air cannot exceed that of the rooms, may be 
 constructed of iron, or other incombustible material, and shall not 
 be placed nearer than 1 inch to any woodwork, and no such pipe shall 
 be used for any other purpose. 
 
 In the support or construction of such ducts, if placed in a public 
 school room, no wood furring or other inflamable material shall be 
 nearer than 2 inches to said Hues or ducts, and shall be covered on 
 all sides other than those resting against brick, terra cotta. or other 
 incombustible material, with metal lath plastered with at least two 
 heavy coats of mortar, and having at least one-half inch air space be- 
 tween the flues or ducts and the lath and plaster. 
 
 Sec. 69. Steam and Hot Water Heating Pipes — Steam or hot 
 water heating pipes shall not be placed within 2 inches of any other 
 timber or woodwork, unless the timber or woodwork is protected by 
 a metal shield; then the distance shall not be lcs> than 1 inch. All 
 Steam or hot water heating pipes passing through floors and ceilings. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 -or lath and plastered partitions shall be protected by a metal tube 
 1 inch larger in diameter than the pipe having a metal cap at the floor, 
 and where they are run in a horizontal direction between a floor and 
 •ceiling, a metal shield shall be placed on the under side of the floor 
 over them, and on the sides of wood beams running parallel with 
 said pipe. 
 
 All wood boxes or casings inclosing steam or hot water heating 
 pipes and all wood covers to recesses in walls in which steam or hot 
 water heating pipes are placed, shall be lined with metal. 
 
 All pipes or ducts used to convey air warmed by steam or hot 
 water shall be of metal or other fireproof material. All steam and 
 hot water pipe coverings shall consist of fireproof materials only. 
 
 Part ii — General Construction. 
 
 Sec. 70. Ducts for Pipes — All ducts for pipes, wires, and other 
 similar purposes shall be inclosed on all sides with fireproof material, 
 -and the opening through each floor shall be properly fire-stopped. 
 
 Sec. 71. Studded-off Spaces — Where walls are studded-off, the 
 space between the inside face of the wall and the studding shajl be 
 fire-stopped with fireproof material placed cn the under side of the 
 wood beams above, for a depth oi not less than 4 inches, and be se- 
 curely supported; or the beams directly over the studded-off space 
 shall be defended with not less than 4 inches of fireproof material, 
 which may be laid on boards cut in between the beams. 
 
 Sec. 72. Wainscoting — When wainscoting is used in any building 
 hereafter erected, the surface of the wall or partition behind such 
 wainscoting shall be plastered flush with the grounds and down to the 
 Hoor line. 
 
 Sec. 73. . Bay, Oriel and Show Windows — Bay windows, oriel" 
 windows and show windows on the street front or side of any building 
 may project not more than 1 foot beyond the building line and shall 
 oe constructed of such materials and in such manner as will meet 
 the approval of the Department of Buildings. 
 
 Any such window that does not extend more than 3 feet above 
 the second-stor3 r floor of any dwelling-house may be built of wood 
 covered with metal. 
 
 Part 12 — Stairs and Entrance. 
 
 Sec. 74. Entrance to Basement — Every dwelling-house arranged 
 for or occupied by two or more families above the first story, hereafter 
 erected, shall be provided with an entrance to the basement thereof 
 from the outside of such building. 
 
 Sec. 75. Stairs. Number Regulated by Area of Building — In any 
 building hereafter erected to be used as a store, factory, hotel or lodg- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 185 
 
 ing-house, covering a lot area exceeding 2,500 feet and not exceeding 
 5,000 feet, there shall be provided at least two continuous lines of 
 stairs remote from each other; and every such building shall have 
 at least one continuous line of stairs for each 5,000 feet of lot area 
 covered, or part thereof, in excess of that required for 5,000 feet area. 
 When any such building covers an area of lot greater than 15,000 
 feet the number of stairs shall be increased proportionately, or as will 
 meet with the approval of the Commissioner of Buildings having, 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 76. Engineer's Stationary Ladders — Every building in which, 
 boilers or machinery are placed in the cellar or lowest story shall 
 have stationary iron ladders or stair from such story leading direct 
 to a manhole above on the sidewalk, or other outside exit. 
 
 Sec. 77. Slate and Stone Treads of Stairs to Be Supported — In all 
 buildings hereafter erected more than seven stories in height where the 
 treads and landings or iron stairs are of slate, marble or other stone, 
 they shall each be supported directly underneath, for their entire 
 length and width, by an iron plate made solid or having openings 
 not exceeding 4 inches square in same, of adequate strength and fas- 
 tened to strings. In case such supporting plates be made solid, the 
 treads may be of oak, not less than 19^ inches thick. • 
 
 Part 13 — Skylights and Floor Lights. 
 
 Sec. 78. Metal Skylights — All skylights having a superficial area 
 of more than 9 square feet, placed in any building, shall have th'e 
 sashes and frames thereof constructed of iron and glass. Ever}'' fire- 
 proof roof hereafter placed on any builcling shall have besides scut- 
 tle or bulkhead, a skylight or skylights of a superficial area equal to 
 not less than one-fiftieth the superficial area of such fireproof roof- 
 Skylights hereafter placed in public buildings, over any passageway 
 or room of public resort, shall have immediately underneath the glass 
 thereof a wire netting, unless the glass contains a wire netting within 
 itself. 
 
 Sec. 79. Floor Lights — Floor lights, used for transmission of 
 light to floors below, shall be constructed of metal frames and bars or 
 plates, and if any glass in same measures more than 16 squars inches,, 
 the glass shall be provided with a mesh of wire either in the glass or 
 under the same, and the floor lights shall be of the same proportional, 
 strength as the floors in which they are placed. 
 
 Part 14 — Inclosure and Shed Coverings for the Protection of Pedes^ 
 
 trians. 
 
 Sec. 80. Inclosure and Shed Coverings for the Protection of Pe- 
 destrians — Whenever buildings shall be erected or increased to over 65. 
 
i8 4 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 feet in height, upon or along any street, the owner, builder or con- 
 tractor constructing or repairing such buildings shall have erected 
 and maintained during such construction or repair a shed over the 
 sidewalk in front of said premises, extending from building line to 
 -curb, the same to be properly, strongly and tightly constructed, so as 
 to protect pedestrians and others using such streets. Whenever out- 
 side scaffolds are required to carry on the construction of buildings 
 over 85 feet in height, whether the same be constructed by pole, or 
 thrust-out scaffold, there shall be erected on its outer edge and ends 
 an inclosure of wire netting of not over 2-inch mesh, or of boards not 
 less than 34-inch thick, placed not over 1^2 inches apart, well secured 
 to uprights not less than 2 inches by 4 inches, fastened to planks or 
 timbers and resting on put logs or thrust outs. The said inclosure 
 shall be carried up at least 5 feet in advance above the level on which 
 the workmen employed on said front are working. The said thrust 
 outs shall not be less than 3 by jo, of spruce or yellow pine, and to 
 "be doubled or tripled, as may be required for the load to be carried, 
 and to be thoroughly braced and secured; or said timbers can be in 
 one stick, if proportioed to the load. The flooring on thrust-outs and 
 put logs shall be tightly constructed with plank. The said floor and 
 inclosure shall not be removed until a like floor and inclosure is already 
 prepared and in position on the story above. In all buildings over 85 
 feet in height, during construction or alteration, the windows on each 
 floor above the second shall be properly inclosed as soon as the story 
 is built. If the walls of such buildings arc carried up two stories Or 
 more above the roofs of adjoining buildings, proper means shall be 
 provided and used for the protection of skylights and roofs of such 
 adjoining buildings. The protection over skylights shall be. of stout 
 wire netting not over 24 -inch niesh, on stout timbers, and properly se- 
 cured. All such sheds and inclosures are to be subject to the inspec- 
 tion of the Department of Buildings. Should said adjoining owner, 
 tenant or lessee refuse to grant permission to have said roofs and 
 skylights so protected, such refusal by- said owner, tenant or lessee 
 shall relieve the owner of the building in course of construction from 
 any responsibility for damage done to persons or property on or 
 within the premises affected. Should such inclosure or protection not 
 be so erected, the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction shall 
 <:ause a notice to be served personally upon the owner, or his author- 
 ized agent, constructing or repairing such buildings, or the owner, ten- 
 ant or lessee of adjoining premises, requiring such inclosure or pro- 
 tection, as provided in this section, specifying the manner in which 
 the same shall be erected; and if such inclosures or protections are not 
 erected, strengthened or modified as provided in such notice within 
 three days after the service thereof, the said Commissioner of Build- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 185 
 
 ings having jurisdiction shall have full power and authority to cause 
 such inclosure to be erected on the fronts and roofs and the skylights 
 protected, and all expenses connected with same may become a lien 
 on the property in interest so inclosed and protected, and which lien 
 may be created and enforced in the same manner a> now provided for 
 in section 156 of this Code. 
 
 Part 15 — Miscellaneous Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 81. Grain Elevators — Nothing in this Code shall be so construed 
 as to apply or prevent the erection of what are known as grain elevators., 
 as usually constructed, provided they are erected on tidewater, or adja- 
 cent to river front in said City, in isolated • localities, under such condi- 
 tions as the Department of Buildings may prescribe, including location. 
 
 Sec. 82. Exhibition Buildings — Buildings for fair and exhibition pur- 
 poses, towers for observation purposes and structures for similar uses, 
 whether temporary or permanent in character, shall be constructed in sucl* 
 manner and under such conditions as the Board of Buildings may pre- 
 scribe. 
 
 Sec. 83. Smokehouses — All smokehouses shall be of fireproof con- 
 struction, with brick walls, iron doors and brick or metal roofs. An iron 
 guard shall be placed over and three feet above the lire, and the hanging 
 rails shall be of iron. The walls of all smokehouses shall be built 1111 at 
 ka>t three feet higher than the roof of the building in which the) are 
 located. . 
 
 Part 16 — Heating Apparatus, Drying Rooms, Gas and Water Pipes- 
 Sec. 84. Heating Furnaces and Boilers — A brick-set boiler shall not 
 be placed on an} - wood or combustible floor or beams. Wood or com- 
 bustible" Moors and beams under and not less than 3 feet in front and 1 
 foot on the sides of all portable boilers shall be protected by a suitable- 
 brick foundation of not less than two courses of brick well laid in mortar 
 on sheet iron; the said sheet iron shall extend at least 24 inches outside 
 of the foundation at the sides and front. Bearing lines of bricks, laid 
 on the flat, with air spaces between them, shall be placed on the foundation 
 to support a cast-iron ash pan of suitable thickness, on which the base 
 of the boiler shall be placed, and shall have a flange, turned up in the 
 front and on the sides. 4 inches high; said pan shall be in width not less 
 than the base of the boiler and shall extend at least 2 feet in front of it. 
 If a boiler is supported on a cast-iron base with a bottom of the required 
 thickness of an ash pan, and is placed on bearing lines of brick in the 
 same manner as specified for an ash pan. then the ash pan shall be placed 
 in front of the said base and shall not be required to extend under it 
 All lath and plaster and wood ceilings and beams over and to a distance 
 of not less than 4 feet in front of all boilers shall be shielded with metal 
 The distance from the top of the boiler to said shield shall nol be less 
 
186 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 than 12 inches. No combustible partition shall be within 4 feet of the 
 sides and back and 6 feet from the front of any boiler, unless said 
 partition shall be covered with metal to the height of* at least 3 feet above 
 the floor, and shall extend from the end or back of the boiler to at 
 least 5 feet in front of it; then the distance shall be not less than 2 feet 
 from the sides and 5 feet from the front of the boiler. All brick hot-air 
 furnaces shall have two covers, with an air space of at least 4 inches 
 between them; the inner cover of the hot-air chamber shall be either a 
 Tbrick arch fir two courses of brick laid on galvanized iron or tin, sup- 
 ported on iron bars; the outside cover, which is the top of the furnace, 
 jshall bo made of brick or metal supported on iron bars, and so constructed 
 sis to be perfectly tight, and shall not be less than 4 inches below any 
 combustible ceiling or flc )or beams. The walls of the furnace shall be 
 built hollow in the following manner: One inner and one outer wall, 
 <>ach 4 inches in thickness, properly bonded together with an air space of 
 not less than 3 inches between them. Furnaces must be built at least 4 
 inches from all woodwork. The cold-air boxes of all hot-air furnaces 
 •shall be made of metal, brick or other incombustible material, for a 
 distance of at least to feet from the furnace. All portable hot-air fur- 
 naces shall be placed 2 feet Irom any wood or combustible partition 
 «>r ceiling, unless the partitions and ceilings are properly protected by a 
 metal shield, when the distance shall be not less than 1 foot. Wood floors 
 tinder all portable furnaces shall be protected by two courses of brick 
 Work well laid in mortar or sheet iron. Said brickwork shall extend at 
 least 2 feet beyond the furnace in front of the ash pan. 
 
 Sec. 85. Registers — Registers located over a brick furnace shall be 
 supported by a brick shaft built up from the coyer of the hot-air cham- 
 ber; said shaft shall be lined with a metal pipe, and all wood beams 
 shall be trimmed away not less than 4 inches from it. Where a register 
 is placed on any woodwork in connection with a metal pipe or duct, the 
 end of said pipe or duct shall be flanged over on the wood work under 
 at. All registers for hot-air furnaces placed in any wood work or com- 
 bustible floors shall have stone or iron borders firmly set in plaster of 
 paris or gauged mortar. All register boxes shall be made of tin plate 
 or galvanized iron with a flange on top to fit the groove in the frame, 
 the register *o rest upon the same; there shall be an open space of 2 
 inches on all sides of the register box, extending from the under side of 
 the border to and through the ceiling below. The said opening shall be 
 fitted with tight tin or galvanized iron casing, the upper end of which 
 shall be turned under the frame. When a register box is placed in the 
 floor over a portable furnace-, the open space on all sides of the register 
 box shall be not less than 3 inches. When only one register is connected 
 with a furnace said register shall have no valve. 
 
 Sec. 86. Drying Rooms — All walls, Ceilings and partitions inclosing 
 drying rooms, when not made of fireproof material, shall be wire lathed 
 
ORDINANCES OF THK CITY OF XEW^'ORK. 187 
 
 and plastered., or covered with metal, tile or other hard incombustible 
 material. 
 
 Sec. 87. Ranges and Stoves — Where a kitchen range is placed front 
 T2 to 6 inches from a wood stud partition, the said partition shall be 
 shielded with metal from the floor to the height of not less than 3 feet 
 higher than the range; if the range is within 6 inches of the partition, 
 then the studs shall he cut away and framed 3 feet higher and ] foot 
 wider than the range, and filled in to the face of the said stud partition 
 with brick or fireproof blocks, and plastered thereon. All ranges on wood 
 or combustible floors and beams that are not supported on legs and have 
 ash pans 3 inches or more above their base, shall be set on suitable brick 
 foundations, consisting of not less than two courses of brick well laid 
 in mortar on sheet iron, except small ranges such as are used in apart- 
 ment houses that have ash pans 3 inches or more above their base, which 
 shall be placed on at least one course of brick work on sheet iron or 
 cement. No range shall be placed against a furred wall. All lath and 
 plaster or wood ceilings over all large ranges and ranges in hotels and 
 restaurants, shall be guarded by metal hoods placed at least 9 inches below 
 the ceiling. A ventilating pipe connected with a hood over a range shall 
 be at least 9 inches from all lath and plaster or woodwork and shielded. 
 If the pipe is less than 9 inches from lath and plaster and woodwork, then 
 the pipe shall be covered with 1 inch of asbestos plaster on wire mesh- 
 No ventilating pipe connected with a hood over a range shall pass through 
 any floor. Laundry stoves on wood or combustible floors shall have a 
 course of bricks, laid on metal, on the floor under and extended 24 inches 
 on all sides of them. All stoves for heating purposes shall be properly 
 supported on iron legs resting on the floor 3 feet from all lath and plaster 
 or woodwork; if the lath and plaster or woodwork is properly protected 
 by a metal shield, then the distance shall be not less than 18 inches. A 
 metal shield shall be placed under and 12 inches in front of the ash pan 
 of all stoves that are placed on wood floors. All low gas stoves shall 
 be placed on iron stands, or the burners shall be at least '6 inches above 
 the base of the stove and metal guard plates placed 4 inches below the 
 burners, and all woodwork under them shall be covered with metal. 
 
 Sec. 88. Notice as to Heating Apparatus— In cases where hot water, 
 steam, hot air or other heating appliances or furnaces are hereafter placed 
 in any building, or flues or fireplaces are changed or enlarged, due notice 
 shall first be given to the Department of Buildings by the person or per- 
 sons placing the said furnace or furnaces in said building, or by the eon- 
 tractor or superintendent of said work. 
 
 Sec. 89. Gas and Water Pipes— Every building, other than a dwell 
 ing house, hereafter erected, and all factories, hotels, churches, theatres, 
 schoolhouses and other buildings of a public character now; erected in 
 which gas or steam is used for lighting or heating, shall have the supply 
 pipes leading from the street mains provided each with a stopcock placed 
 
l£8 ORDINANCES OI r THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 in the sidewalk at or near the curb, and so arranged as to allow of 
 shutting off at that point. No gas, water or other pipes which may be 
 introduced into any buildings shall be let into the beams unless the same 
 l>e placed within 36 inches of than 2 inches in depth. All said pipes 
 shall be installed in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed 
 by the Board of Buildings. All gas brackets shall be placed at least 
 feet below any ceiling or woodwork, unless the same is properly pro- 
 tected by a shield, in which case the distance shall be not less than 18 
 inches. No swinging or folding gas bracket shall be placed against any 
 stud partition or woodwork. Xo gas bracket on any lath and plaster 
 partition or woodwork shall be less than 5 inches in length, measured 
 from the burner to the plaster surface or woodwork. Gaslights placed 
 near window curtains or any other combustible material shall be protected 
 by a proper shield. 
 
 Part 17 — Roofs, Leaders, Cornices, Bulkheads, Scuttles and Tanks. 
 
 Sec. 90. Mansard Roofs — If a mansard or other roof of like char- 
 acter having a pitch of over 60 degrees be placed on any building, except 
 .a wood building, or a dwelling house not exceeding three stories nor 
 more than 40 feet in height, it shall be constructed of iron rafters and 
 lathed with iron or steel on the inside and plastered, or filled in with 
 fireproof material not less than 3 inches thick, and covered with metal, 
 slate or tile. 
 
 Sec. 91. Cornices and Gutters — On all buildings hereafter erected 
 within the fire limits, the exterior cornices, inclusive of those on show 
 Avindows, and gutters shall be of some fireproof material. All fireproof 
 cornices shall be well secured to the walls with iron anchors, independent 
 of any woodwork. In all cases the walls shall be carried up to the plank- 
 ing of the roof. Where the cornice projects above the roof the walls 
 shall be carried up to the top of the cornice. The party walls shall in 
 Jill cases extend up above the planking of the cornice and be coped. All 
 exterior wooden cornices that may now be or that may hereafter become 
 Unsafe or rotten shall be taken down, and if replaced, shall be con- 
 structed of some fireproof material. All exterior cornices of wood or 
 gutters that may hereafter be damaged by fire to the extent of one-half 
 shall be taken down, and if replaced shall be constructed of some fireproof 
 7iiaterial, but if not damaged to the extent of one-half, the same may be 
 repaired with the same kind of material of which they were originally 
 constructed. 
 
 Sec. 92. Bulkheads on Roofs and Scuttles — Bulkheads used as in- 
 closures for tanks and elevators, and coverings for the machinery of eleva- 
 tors and all other bulkheads, including the bulkheads of all dwelling 
 houses more than four" stories in height hereafter erected or altered, 
 may be constructed of hollow fireproof, blocks or of wood, covered with 
 not less than two inches of fireproof material, or filled in the thickness 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 189 
 
 of the studding with such material, and covered on all outside surfaces 
 with metal, including both surfaces and edges of doors. All such build- 
 ings shall have scuttles or bulkheads covered with some fireproof mate- 
 rials, with ladders or stairs leading thereto, and easily accessible to all 
 occupants. Xo scuttle shall be less in size than ^t wo by three feet. No 
 staging or stand shall be constructed or occupied upon the roof of any 
 buildings without first obtaining the approval of the Commissioner of 
 Buildings having jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 93. Tanks — Tanks containing more than 500 gallons of water 
 or other fluid hereafter placed in any story, or on the roof or above 
 the roof of any building now or hereafter erected, shall be supported on 
 iron or steel beams of sufficient strength to safely carry the same and 
 the beams shall rest at both their ends on brick walls or on iron or steel 
 girders or iron or steel columns or piers of masonry. Underneath any 
 said water tank or on the side near the bottom of the same, there shall 
 be a short pipe or outlet, not less than 4 inches in diameter, fitted with 
 a suitable valve having a level or wheel handle to same, so that firemen 
 or ethers can readily discharge the weight of the fiuid contents from 
 the tank, in case of necessity. Such tanks shall be placed where prac- 
 ticable at one corner of a building, and shall not be placed over nor 
 near a line of stairs. Covers on top of water tanks placed on roofs, 
 if of wood, shall be covered with tin. 
 
 Sec. 94. Roofing and Leaders Within the Fire Limits — The plank- 
 ing and sheathing of the roofs of buildings shall not in any case be 
 extended across the side or party wall thereof. Every building and 
 the tops and sides of every dormer window thereon shall be covered 
 and roofed with brick, tile, slate, tin. copper, iron or plastic slate, asphalt, 
 slag, or gravel may be used, provided such roofing shall be composed 
 of not less than five layers of roofing felt, cemented together and finished 
 with ftot less than 10 gallons of coal tar, pitch or asphalt to each 100 
 square feet of roof, or such other quality of fireproof roofing as the 
 Board of Buildings, under its certificate, may authorize, and the outside 
 of the frames of every dormer window hereafter placed upon any build- 
 ing shall be made of some fireproof material. No wood building within 
 the fire limits more than two stories or above 20 feet in height above the 
 curb level to the highest part thereof, which shall require roofing, shall 
 be roofed with any other roofing or covered except as aforesaid. Nothing 
 in this section shall be construed to prohibit the repairing of any shingle 
 roof, provided the building is not altered in height. All buildings shall 
 be provided with proper metallic leaders for conducting water from the 
 roofs in such manner as shall protect the walls and foundations of said 
 buildings from injury. Tn no case shall the water from the said leaders 
 be allowed to flow upon the sidewalk, but the same shall be conducted 
 by pipe or pipes to the sewer. If there be no sewer in the street upon 
 which such buildings front, then the water .from said leader shall be con- 
 
ORDINANCES OV THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 ducted by proper pipe or pipes, below the surface of the sidewalk to the 
 street gutter. 
 
 Part 18 — Elevators, Hoistways and Dumbwaiters. 
 
 See. 95. Elevators and Hoistways — In any building in which there 
 shall be any hoistway or freight elevator or well hole not inclosed in 
 walls constructed of brick or other fireproof material and provided with 
 hreproof doors, the openings thereof through and upon each floor of 
 said building shall be provided with and protected by a substantial guard 
 or gate and with such good and sufficient trap doors as may be directed 
 and approved by the Department of Buildings, and when in the opinion 
 of the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, automatic trap 
 doors are required to the floor openings of any uninclosed freight ele- 
 vator, the same shall be constructed so as to form a substantial floor sur- 
 face when closed, and so arranged as to open and close by the action of 
 the elevator in its passage, either ascending or descending. The said 
 Commissioner of Buildings shall have exclusive power and authority to 
 require the openings of hoistways or hoistway shafts, elevators and well- 
 holes in buildings to be inclosed or secured by trap doors, guards or 
 gates and railings. Such guards or gates shall be kept , closed at all 
 times, except when in actual usC; and the trap doors shall be closed at 
 the close of the business of each day by the occupant or occupants of 
 the building having the use or control of the same. 
 
 Sec. 96. Elevator Inclosures — All elevators hereafter placed in any 
 building, except such fireproof buildings as have been or may be here- 
 after erected, shall be inclosed in suitable walls of brick or with a suit- 
 able framework of iron and burnt clay fillings, or of such other fireproof 
 material and forms of construction as may be approved by the Depart- 
 ment of Buildings, except that the inclosure walls in non-fireproof build- 
 ing over five stories high, used as warehouses or factories, shall be of 
 brick. If the inclosure walls are .of brick, laid in cement mortar, and 
 not used as bearing walls, they may be 8 inches in thickness or not 
 more than 50 feet of their uppermost height, and increasing in thickness 
 4 inches for each lower 50 feet portion or part thereof. Said walls or 
 construction shall extend through at least 3 feet above the roof. All 
 openings in the said walls shall be provided with fireproof shutters or 
 fireproof doors, made solid for 3 feet above the floor level, except that 
 the doors used for openings in buildings intended for the occupancy ©1 
 one family may be of wood covered on the inner surface and edges with 
 metal, not including the openings in the cellar, nor above the roof in any 
 such shaft walls. The roofs over all inclosed elevators shall be made of 
 fireproof materials, with a skylight at least three-fourths the area of t'te 
 shaft, made of glass set in iron frames. When the shaft does not extend 
 to the ground the lower end shall be inclosed in fireproof material. 
 
 Sec. 97. Dumb-waiter Shafts— All dumb-waiter shafts, except such 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 191 
 
 as do not extend more than three stories above the cellar or basement in 
 dwelling houses, shall be inclosed in suitable walls of brick or with burnt 
 clay blocks, set in iron frames of proper strength, or fireproof blocks 
 strengthened with metal dowels, or such other hreproof material and 
 form of composition as may be approved by the Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction. Said walls or construction shall extend at least 
 3 feet above the roof and be covered with a skylight at least three-fourths 
 the area of the shaft, made with metal frames and glazed. All openings 
 in the inclosure walls or construction shall be provided with self-closing 
 fireproof doors. When the shaft does not extend to the floor level of 
 the lowest story, the bottom of the shaft shall be constructed of fireproof 
 material. 
 
 Sec. 98. Elevators in Staircase Inclosures — Open grillwork inclosures 
 for passenger elevators, not extending below the level of the first floor, 
 may be erected in staircase inclosures in buildings where the entire 
 space occupied by the stairs and elevators is inclosed in brick or stone 
 walls, and the stairs are constructed as specified in Section 53 of this 
 Code. 
 
 Sec. 99. Elevators in Existing Hotels — In every non-fireproof build- 
 ing used or occupied as a hotel, in which there is an elevator not inclosed 
 in fireproof shafts, such elevator shall be inclosed in suitable walls, con- 
 structed and arranged as in this Code required for elevator shafts. 
 
 Sec. ico. Screen Under Elevator Sheaves — Immediately under the 
 sheaves at the top of every elevator shaft in any building shall be pro- 
 vided and placed a substantial grating or screen of iron or steel, of such 
 construction as shall be approved by the Department of Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 101. Inspection of Elevators — The Commissioners of Buildings 
 shall cause an inspection of elevators carrying passengers or employees 
 to be made at least once every three months, and shall make regulations 
 for the inspection of such elevators with a view to safety, and shall also 
 prescribe suitable qualifications for persons who are placed in charge of 
 the running of such elevators. The regulations shall require any repairs 
 found necessary to any such elevators to be made without delay by the 
 owner or lessee. In case defects are found to exist which endanger the 
 life or limb by the continued use of such elevator, then, upon notice from 
 the Department of Buildings, the use of such elevator shall cease, and 
 it shall not again be used until a certificate shall first be obtained from 
 said Department that such elevator has been made safe. No person 
 shall employ or permit any person to be in charge of* running any pas- 
 senger elevator who does not possess the qualifications prescribed there- 
 for. 
 
 Every freight elevator or lift shall have a notice posted conspicu- 
 ously thereon as follows: "Persons riding on this elevator do so at their 
 own risk." 
 
102 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK XKW YORK. 
 
 Part 19 — Fire Appliances, Fire Escapes and Fireproof 
 Shutters and Doors. 
 
 Sec. 102. In every building now erected, unless already provided 
 with a 3-inch or larger vertical pipe, which exceeds 100 feet in height, 
 and in every building hereafter to be erected exceeding 85 feet in height, 
 and when any such building does not exceed 150 feet in height, it shall 
 be provided with a 4-inch standpipe. running from cellar to roof, with 
 one two-way 3-inch Siamese connection, to be placed on street above curb 
 level, and one 2^-inch outlet, with hose attached thereto on each floor, 
 placed as near the stairs as practicable, and all buildings now erected, 
 unless already provided with a 3-inch or larger vertical pipe, or hereafter 
 to be erected, exceeding 150 feet in height, shall be provided with an 
 auxiliary fire apparatus and appliances, consisting of water tank on roof, 
 or in cellar, standpipes, hose, nozzles, wrenches, fire extinguishers, hooks, 
 axes and such other appliances as may be required by the Fire Depart- 
 ment — all to be of the best material and of sizes, patterns and regula- 
 tion kinds used and required by the Fire Department. In every such 
 building a steam or electric pump and at least one passenger elevator 
 shall be kept in readiness for immediate use by the Fire Department 
 during all hours of the night and day. including holidays and Sundays. 
 The said steam or electric pumps, if located in the lowest story, shall 
 be placed not less than 2 feet above the floor level. All the wires and 
 cables which supply power to the electric pumps shall be covered with 
 fireproof material, or protected in such other manner as to prevent the 
 destruction or damage of said cables and wires by fire. The boilers 
 which supply power to the passenger elevators and steam or electric 
 pumps, if located in the lowest story, shall be so surrounded by a dwarf 
 brick wall laid in cement mortar, or other suitable permanent waterproof 
 construction, as to exclude water to the depth of 2 feet above the floor 
 level from flowing into the ash pits of said boilers. When the level of 
 the floor of the lowest story is above the level of the sewer in the street 
 a large cesspool shall be placed in said floor and connected by a 4-inch 
 cast-iron drain pipe with the street sewer. Standpipes shall not be less 
 than 6 inches in diameter for all buildings exceeding 150 feet in height. 
 All standpipes 'shall extend to the street and there be provided at or near 
 the sidewalk level with Siamese connections. Said standpipes shall 
 also extend to the roof. Valve outlets shall be provided on each and 
 every story, including the basement and cellar, and on the roof: All 
 valves, hose, tools, and other appliances provided for in this section shall 
 be kept in perfect working order, and once a month the person in charge 
 of -aid building shall make a thorough inspection of the same t<> see 
 that all valves, hose, and other appliances are in perfect working order 
 and ready for immediate use by the Fire Department. If any of the said 
 buildings extend from street to street, or form an L shape, they shall 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK'. 193 
 
 be provided with standpipes for each street frontage. In such buildings 
 as are used or occupied for business or manufacturing purposes there 
 shall be provided, in connection with said standpipe or pipes, 2^-inch per- 
 forated iron pipes placed on and along the ceiling line of each floor 
 below the first floor, and extending to the full depth of the building. 
 Said perforated pipe shall be provided with a valve placed at or near the 
 standpipe, so that water can be let into same when deemed necessary 
 by the firemen, or in lieu of such perforated pipes, automatic sprinklers 
 may be put in. When the building is 25 feet or less in width, two lines 
 of perforated pipe shall be provided and one line additionally for each 
 \2 l / 2 feet or part thereof that the building is wider than 25 feet. A suit- 
 able ircn plate with raised letters shall be fastened to the wall near said 
 standpipe, to read : "This standpipe connects to perforated pipes in the 
 cellar." 
 
 Sec. 103. Fire Escapes — Every dwelling-house occupied by or built 
 to be occupied by three or more families, and every building erected, or 
 that may hereafter be erected, more than three stories in height, occupied 
 and used as a hotel or lodging-house, and every boarding-house having 
 more than 15 sleeping-rooms above the basement story, and every fac- 
 tory, mill, manufactory or workshop, hospital, asylum or institution for 
 the care or treatment of individuals, and every building three stories 
 and over in height used or occupied as a store or workroom, and every 
 building in whole or in part occupied or used as a school or place of 
 instruction or assembly, and every office building five stories or more in 
 height, shall be provided with such good and sufficient fire escape, stair- 
 ways or other means of egress in case of fire as shall be directed by 
 the Department of Buildings, and said Department shall have full and 
 exclusive power and authority within said city to direct fire escapes and 
 other means of egress to be provided upon and within said building or 
 any of them. The owner or owners of any building upon which a fire 
 escape is erected shall keep the same in good repair and properly painted. 
 No person shall at any time place any incumbrance of any kind whatsoever 
 before or upon any fire escape, balcony or ladder. It shall be the duty 
 of every fireman and policeman who shall discover any fire escape, bal- 
 cony or ladder of any fire escape incumbered in any way to forthwith 
 report the same to the commanding officer of his company or precinct', 
 and such commanding officer shall forthwith cause the occupant of the 
 premises or apartment to which said' fire escape, balcony or ladder is 
 attached, or for whose use the same is provided, to benotified, either 
 verbally or in writing, to . remove such incumbrance and keep the same 
 clear. If said notice shall not be complied with by the removal forthwi 1 
 of such incumbrance, and keeping said fire escape, balcony or Iadd< r 
 free from incumbrance, then it shall be the duty of said commanding 
 officers to apply to the nearest police magistrate for a warrant for. the 
 arrest of the occupant or occupants of the said premises or apartments 
 
194 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 of which the fire escape forms a part, and the said parties shall be 
 brought before the said magistrate, as for a misdemeanor; and on con- 
 viction, the occupant or occupants of said premises or apartment shall be 
 fined not more than ten dollars for each offense, or may be imprisoned 
 not to exceed ten days, or both, in the discretion of the court. In con- 
 structing all balcony fire escapes the manufacturer thereof shall securely 
 fasten thereto, in a conspicuous place, a cast-iron plate having suitable 
 raised letters on the same, to read as follows : "Notice — Any person plac- 
 ing any incumbrance on this balcony is liable to a penalty of ten dollars 
 and imprisonment for ten days." 
 
 All buildings requiring fire escapes shall have stationary iron ladders 
 leading to the scuttle opening in the roof thereof, and all scuttles and 
 ladders shall be kept so as to be ready for use at all times. If a bulk- 
 head is used in place of a scuttle it shall have stairs with sufficient guard 
 or hand-rail leading to the roof. Iii case the building shall be a tenement- 
 house the door in the bulkhead or anv scuttle shall at no time be locked, 
 but may be fastened on the inside by movable bolts or hooks. 
 
 Sec. 104. Fireproof Shutters and Doors — Every building which is 
 more than two stories in height above the curb level, except dwelling 
 houses, hotels, schoolhouses and churches, shall have doors, blinds or 
 shutters made of iron, hung to iron hanging frames or to iron eyes built 
 into the wall, on every exterior window and opening above the first story 
 thereof, excepting on the front openings of buildings fronting on streets 
 which are more than 30 feet in width, or where no other buildings are 
 within 30 feet of such openings. The said doors, blinds or shutters may 
 be constructed of pine or other soft wood of two thicknesses of matched 
 boards at right angles with each other, and securely covered with tin on 
 both sides and edges, with folded lapped joints, the nails for fastening 
 the same being driven inside the lap; the hinges and bolts or latches 
 shall be secured or fastened to the door or shutter after the same has 
 been covered with the tin, and such doors or shutters shall be hung 
 upon an iron frame independent of the woodwork of the windows and 
 doors, or two hinges securely fastened in the masonry ; or such frames, 
 if of wood, shall be covered with tin in the same manner as the doors 
 and shutters. All shutters opening on fire escapes, and at least one row. 
 vertically, in every three rows on the front window openings above the 
 first story of any building, shall he so arranged that they can be readily 
 opened from the outside by firemen. All rolling iron or steel shutters 
 hereafter placed in the first story of any building shall be counterbalanced 
 so that said rolling shutters may be readily opened by the firemen. No 
 building hereafter erected other than a dwelling-house or fireproof build- 
 ing shall have inside iron or steel shutters to windows above the first 
 story. All windows and openings above the first story of any building 
 may be provided with other suitable protection, or may be exempted from 
 having shutters by the Board of Buildings or the Board of Examiners, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF MEW YORK. 195 
 
 as the case may be. All buildings specified in this section hereafter 
 erected or altered having openings in interior walls shall be provided 
 with suitable fireproof doors where deemed necessary by the Commis- 
 sioner of Buildings having jurisdiction. All occupants of buildings shall 
 close all exterior and interior fireproof shutters, doors and blinds at 
 the close of the business of each day. 
 
 Part 20— Fireproof Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 105. Fireproof Buildings — Every building hereafter erected or 
 altered, to ue used as a hotel, lodging-house, school, theatre, jail, police 
 station, hospital, asylum, institution for the care or treatment of persons, 
 the height of which exceeds 35 feet, excepting all buildings for which 
 specifications and plans have been heretofore submitted to and approved 
 by the Department of Buildings, and every other building the height of 
 which exceeds 75 feet, except as herein otherwise provided, shall be 
 built fireproof ; that is to say, they shall be constructed with walls of 
 brick, stone, Portland cement concrete, iron or steel, in which wood beams 
 or lintels shall not be placed, and in which the floors and roofs shall be 
 of materials provided for in Section 106 of this Code. The stairs and 
 staircase landings shall be built entirely of brick.stone, Portland cement 
 concrete, iron or steel. No woodwork or other inflammable material 
 shall be used in any of the partitions, furrings or ceilings in any such 
 fireproof buildings, excepting, however, that when the height of the 
 building does not exceed twelve stories nor more than 150 feet, the doors 
 and windows and their frames, the trims, the casings, the interior finish 
 when filled solid at the back with fireproof material, and the floor boards 
 and sleepers directly thereunder, may be of wood, but the space between 
 the sleepers shall be solidly filled with fireproof materials and extend 
 up to the under side of the floor boards. 
 
 When the height of a fireproof building exceeds twelve stories, or 
 more than 150 feet, the floor surfaces shall be of stone, cement, rock 
 asphalt, tiling or similar incombustible material, or the sleepers and 
 floors may be of wood treated by some process, approved by the Board 
 of Buildings, to render the same fireproof. All outside window frames 
 and sash shall be of metal or wood covered with metal. The inside 
 window frames and sash, 'door, trim and other interior finish may be 
 of wood covered with metal; or wood treated by some process ap- 
 proved by the Board of Buildings to render the same fireproof. 
 
 All hall partitions or permanent partitions between rooms in fireproof 
 buildings shall be built of fireproof material and shall not be started 0:1 
 wood sills, nor on wood floor boards, but be built upon the fireproof con- 
 struction of the floor and extend to the fireproof beam fitting above. The 
 tops of all door and window openings in such partitions shall be at least 
 twelve inches below the ceiling line. 
 
ig6 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 106. Fireproof Floors — Fireproof floors shall be constructed 
 with wrought iron or steel beams so arranged as to spacing and length 
 of beams that the load to be supported by them, together with the weights 
 of tUe materials used in the construction of the said floors, shall not 
 cause a greater deflection of the said beams than one-thirtieth of an inch 
 per foot of span under the total load and they shall be tied together at 
 intervals of not more than eight times the depth of the beam. Between 
 the wrought iron or steel floor beams shall be placed brick arches spring- 
 ing from the lower flange of the steel beams. Said brick arches shall 
 be designed with a rise to safely carry the imposed load, but never less 
 than rJ4 inches for each foot of span between the beams, and they shall 
 have a thickness of not less than 4 inches for spans of 5 feet or less and 
 8 inches for spans over 5 feet, or such thickness as may be required by 
 the Board of Buildings. Said brick arches shall be composed of good, 
 hard brick or hollow brick of ordinary dimensions laid to a line on the 
 centres, properly and solidly bonded, each longitudinal line of brick break- 
 ing joints with the adjoining lines in the same ring and with the ring 
 under it when more than a 4-inch arch is used. The brick shall be well 
 wet and the joints under it filled in solid with cement mortar. The 
 arches shall be well grouted and properly keyed. Or the space between 
 the beams may be rilled in with hollow tile arches of hard-burnt clay or 
 porous terra-cotta of uniform density and hardness of burn. The skew- 
 backs shall be of such form and section as to properly receive the thrust 
 of said arch and the said arches shall be of a depth and sectional area 
 to carry the load to be imposed thereon, without straining the material 
 beyond its safe working load, but said depth shall not be less than 1^4 
 inches for each foot of span, not including any portion of the depth of 
 the tile projecting below the under side of the beams, a variable distance 
 being allowed of not over six inches in the span between the beams, if 
 the soffits of the tile are straight, but if said arches are segmental, having 
 a rise of not less than 1*4 inches for each foot of span, the depth of the 
 tile shall not be less than 6 inches. The joints shall be solidly filled with 
 cement mortar as required for common brick arches and the arch so 
 •constructed that the key block shall always fall in the central portion. 
 The shells and webs of all end construction blocks shall abut, one against 
 the other. Or the space between the beams -may be filled with arche6 
 of Portland cement concrete, segmental in form, and which shall have 
 a rise of not less than 1^4 inches for each foot of span between the 
 beams. The concrete shall not be less than 4 inches in thickness at the 
 crown of the arch and shall be mixed in the proportions required by 
 section 18 of this Code. These arches shall in all cases be reinforced 
 and protected on the under side with corrugated or sheet steel, steel 
 ribs, or metal in other forms weighing not less than one pound per 
 square foot and having no openings larger than three inches square. Or 
 between the said beams may be placed solid or hollow burnt clay, stone, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 197 
 
 brick, or concrete slabs in flat or curved shapes, concrete or may be used 
 in composition, and any of said materials may be used in combination 
 with wire cloth, expanded metal, wire strands, or wrought iron or steel 
 bars, but in any such construction and as a precedent condition to the 
 same being used, tests shall be made as herein provided by the man- 
 ufacturer thereof under the direction and to the satisfaction of the Board 
 of Buildings, and evidence of the same shall be kept on file in the De- 
 partment of Builidngs, showing the nature of the test and the result of 
 the test. Such tests shall be made by constructing within inclosure walls 
 a platform consisting of four rolled steel beams, 10 inches deep, weigh- 
 ing each 25 pounds per linear foot, and placed four feet between the 
 centres, and connected by transverse tie-rods, and with a clear span of 
 14 feet from the two interior beams and with two outer beams supported 
 on the side walls throughout their length, and with both a filling between 
 the said beams, and a fireproof protection of the exposed parts of the 
 beams of the system to be tested, constructed as in actual practice, with 
 the quality of material ordinarily used in that system and the ceiling 
 plastered below, as in a finished job; such filling between the two interior 
 beams being loaded with a distributed load of 150 pounds per square 
 foot of its area and all carried by such tilling; and subjecting the platform 
 so constructed to that continuous heat of a wood fire below, averaging 
 not less than 1,700 degrees Fahrenheit for not less than four hours, 
 during which time the platform shall have remained in such condition 
 that no flame will have passed through the platform or any part of the 
 same, and that no part of the load shall have fallen through, and that 
 the beams shall have been protected from the heat to the extent that 
 after applying to the under side of the platform at the end of the heat 
 test a stream of water directed against the bottom of the platform and 
 discharged through a one and one-eighth inch nozzle under 60 pounds 
 pressure for five minutes, and after flooding the top of the platform 
 with water under low pressure, and then again applying the stream of 
 water through the nozzle under the ob-pound pressure to the bottom of 
 the platform for five minutes, and after a total load of 600 pounds per 
 square foot uniformly distributed over the middle bay shall have been 
 applied and removed, after the platform shall have cooled, the maximum 
 deflection of the interior beams shall not exceed two and one-half inches. 
 The Board of Buildings may from time to time prescribe additional or 
 different tests than the foregoing for systems of filling between iron or 
 steel floor beams, and the protection of the exposed parts of the beams. 
 Any system failing to meet the requirements of the test of heat, water 
 and weight, as herein prescribed, shall be prohibited from use in any 
 building hereafter erected. Duly authenticated records of the tests here- 
 tofore made of any system of fireproof floor filling and protection of 
 the exposed parts of the beams may be presented to the Board of Build- 
 ings; and if the same be satisfactory to said Board it be accepted as 
 
198 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 conclusive. No filling of any kind which may be injured by frost shall 
 be placed between said floor beams during freezing weather, and if the 
 same is so placed during any winter months, it shall be temporarily 
 covered with suitable material for protection from being frozen. On 
 top of any arch, lintel or other device which does not extend to and 
 form a horizontal line with the top of the said floor beams, cinder 
 concrete, or other suitable fireproof material shall be placed to solidly 
 fill up the space to a level with the top of the said floor beams, and shall 
 be carried to the under side of the wood floor boards in case such be 
 used. Temporary centering when used in placing fireproof systems be- 
 tween floor beams, shall not be removed within twenty-four hours or 
 until such time as the mortar or material has set. All fireproof floor 
 systems shall be of sufficient strength to safely carry the load to be 
 imposed thereon without straining the material in any case beyond its 
 safe working load. The bottom flanges of all wrought iron or rolled 
 steel floor and flat roof beams, and all exposed portions of such beams 
 below the abutments of the floor arches shall be entirely incased with 
 hard-burnt clay, porous terra cotta or other fireproof material allowed to 
 be used for the filling between the beams under the provisions of this 
 section, such incasing material to be properly secured to the beams. 
 
 The exposed sides and bottom plates or flanges of wrought iron or 
 rolled steel girders supporting iron of steel floor beams, or supporting 
 floor arches or floors, shall be entirely incased in the same manner. 
 Openings through fireproof floors for pipes, conduits and similar pur- 
 poses, shall be shown on the plans. After the floors are constructed 
 no opening greater than eight inches square shall be cut through said 
 floors unless properly boxed or framed around with iron. And such 
 openings shall be filled in with fireproof material after the pipes or 
 conduits are in place. 
 
 Sec. 107. Incasing Interior Columns — All cast iron, wrought iron 
 or rolled steel columns, including the lugs and brackets on same, used 
 in the interior of any fireproof building, or used to support any fire- 
 proof floor, shall be protected with not less than 2 inches of fireproof 
 material, securely applied. The extreme outer edge of lugs and 
 brackets and similar supporting metal may project within seven- 
 eighths of an inch of the surface of the fireproofing. 
 
 Part 21 — Public Buildings, Theatres and Places of Assemblage. 
 
 Sec. 108. Public Buildings — In all buildings of a public character, 
 such as hotels, churches, theatres, restaurants, railroad depots, public 
 halls, and other buildings used or intended to be used for purposes 
 of public assembly, amusement or instruction, and including depart- 
 ment stores and other business and manufacturing buildings where 
 large numbers of people are congregated, the halls, doors, stairways, 
 seats, passageways and aisles, and all lighting and heating appliances 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 199 
 
 and apparatus shall be arranged as the Department of Buildings shall 
 direct to facilitate egress in case of fire or accident, and to afford 
 the requisite and proper accommodation for the public protection 
 in such cases. All aisles and passageways in said buildings shall be 
 kept free from camp stools, chairs, sofas and other obstructions, and 
 no person shall be allowed to stand in or occupy any of said aisles 
 or passageways during any performance, service, exhibition, lecture, 
 concert, ball or any public assemblage. The Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction may at any time serve a written or printed 
 notice upon the owner, lessee or manager of any of said buildings 
 directing any act or thing to be done or provided in or about the 
 said buildings and the several appliances therewith connected, such as 
 halls, doors, stairs, windows, seats, aisles, fire walls, fire apparatus 
 and fire-escapes, as he may deem necessary. Nothing herein con- 
 tained shall be construed to authorize or require any other alteration 
 to theatres existing prior to June 9, 1885. than are specified in this 
 section. 
 
 Sec. 109. Theatres and Places of Public Amusement — Every 
 theatre or opera house or other building intended to be used for 
 theatrical or operatic purposes, or for public entertainment of any 
 kind, hereafter erected for the accommodation of more than three 
 hundred persons, shall be built to comply with the requirements of 
 this section. No building which, at the time of the passage of this 
 Code is not in actual use for theatrical or operatic purposes, and no 
 building hereafter erected not in conformity with the requirements 
 of this section, shall be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, or for 
 public entertainment of any kind, until the same shall have been made 
 to conform to the requirements of this section. And no building 
 hereinbefore described shall be opened to the public for theatrical or 
 operatic purposes, or for public entertainment of any kind, until the 
 Department of Buildings and the Fire Commissioner shall have 
 approved the same in writing as conforming to the requirements of 
 this section. Every such building shall have at least one front on 
 the street, and in such front there shall be suitable means of entrance 
 and exit for the audience, not less than 25 feet in width. In addition 
 to the aforesaid entrances and exits on the street there shall be re- 
 served for service in case of an emergency an open court or space in 
 the rear and on the side not bordering on the street, where said 
 building is located on a corner lot; and in the rear and on both sides 
 of said building, where there is but one frontage on the street as 
 hereinafter provided. The width of such open court or courts shall be 
 not less than 10 feet where the seating capacity is not over one thou- 
 sand people, above one thousand and not more than eighteen hundred 
 people, 12 feet in width, and above eighteeen hundred people, 14 feet 
 
200 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 in width. Said open court or courts shall extend the full length and 
 height of the building and across on each side and near thereof whexe 
 its sides or side does not abut on the street or alley, and shall be of 
 the same width at all points, and exits hereafter specified shall lead 
 into open courts. During the performance the doors or gates in the 
 corridors shall be kept open by proper fastenings; at other times they 
 may be closed and fastened by movable bolts or blocks. The said open 
 courts and corridors shall not be used for storage purposes, or for any 
 purposes whatsoever except for exit ami entrance from and to the audi- 
 torium and stage, and must be kept free and clear during perfor- 
 mances. The level of said corridors at the front entrance to the build- 
 ing shall be not greater than the one step above the level of the side- 
 walk where they begin at the street entrance. The entrance of the 
 main front of the building shall not be on a higher level from the side- 
 walk than four steps, unless approved by the Department of Build- 
 ings. To overcome any difference of level in and between courts, cor- 
 ridors, lobbies, passages and aisles on the ground floor, gradients shall 
 be employed of not over I foot in 12 feet, with no perpendicular rises. 
 From the auditorium openings into the said open courts or on the side 
 street, there shall be not less than two exits on each side in each tier 
 from and including the parquet and each and every gallery. Each exit 
 shall be at least 5 feet in width in the clear and provided with doors 
 or iron or wood; if of wood, the doors shall be constructed as herein- 
 before in this Code described. All of said doors shall open outwardly, 
 and shall be fastened with movable bolts to be kept drawn during per- 
 formances. There shall be balconies not less than 6 feet in width in 
 said court or courts at each level or tier above the parquet, on each 
 side of the auditorium, of sufficient length to embrace the two exits, 
 and from said balconies there shall be staircases extending to the 
 ground level, with a rise of not over 8 1-2 inches to a step and not less 
 than 9 inches tread, exclusive of the nosing. The staircase from the 
 upper balcony to the next below shall not be less than 48 inches in 
 width clear, and from the first balcony to the ground 4 fe*et in width 
 in the clear where the seating capacity of the auditorium is for one 
 thousand people or less, 4 feet 6 inches in the clear where above one 
 thousand and not more than eighteen hundred people, and 5 feet in 
 the clear where above eighteen hundred people and not more than 
 twenty-five hundred people, and not over 5 feet 6 inches in the clear 
 where above twenty-five hundred people. All the before-mentioned 
 balconies and staircases shall be constructed of iron throughout, in- 
 cluding the floors, and of ample strength to sustain the load to be car- 
 ried by them, and they shall be covered with a metal hood or awning, 
 to be constructed in such manner as shall be approved by the Depart- 
 ment of Buildings. Where one side of the building borders on the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 street, there shall be balconies and staircases of like capacity and kind 
 as before mentioned, carried to the ground. When located on a corner 
 lot, that portion of the premises bordering on the side street and not 
 required for the uses of the theatre may, if such portion be not more 
 than 25 feet in width, be used for offices, stores or apartments, pro- 
 vided the walls separating this portion from the theatre proper are 
 carried up solidly to and through the roof, and that a fireproof exit 
 opening on opposite sides in each tier, equal to the combined width 
 of exits opening on opposite sides in each tier, communicating with 
 the balconies and staircases leading to the street in manner provided 
 elsewhere in this section; said exit passage shall be entirely cut off by 
 brick walls from said offices, stores or apartments, and the floors and 
 ceilings in each tier shall be fireproof. Nothing herein contained shall 
 prevent a roof garden, art gallery or rooms for similar purposes being 
 placed above a theatre or public building, provided the floor of the 
 same forming the roof over such theatre or building shall be con- 
 structed of iron or steel and fireproof materials, and that said floor 
 shall have no covering boards or sleepers of wood, but be of tile or 
 cement. Every roof over said garden or rooms shall have all sup- 
 ports and rafters of iron or steel, and be covered with glass or fire- 
 proof materials, or both, but no such roof garden, art gallery or 
 room for any public purpose shall be placed over or above that portion 
 of any theatre or other building which is used as a stage. No work- 
 shop, storage or general property room shall be allowed above the 
 auditorium or stage, or under the same, or in any of the fly galleries. 
 All of said rooms or shops may be located in the rear or at the side 
 of the stage, but in such cases they shall be separated from the stage 
 by a brick wall, and the openings leading into said portions shall have 
 fireproof doors on each side of the openings, hung to iron eyes built 
 into the wall. No portion of any building hereafter erected or altered, 
 used or intended to be used for theatrical or other purposes as in this 
 section specified shall be occupied or used as a hotel, boarding or lodg- 
 ing house, factory, workshop or manufactor}' or for storage purposes, 
 except as may be hereafter specially provided for. Said restriction 
 relates not only to that portion of the building which contains the 
 auditorium and the stage, but applies also to the entire structure in 
 conjunction therewith. No store or room contained in the building, 
 or the offices, stores or apartments adjoining, as aforesaid, shall be 
 let or used for carrying on any business, dealing in any articles desig- 
 nated hazardous in the classification of the New York Board of Fire 
 Underwriters, or for manufacturing purposes. No lodging accom- 
 modations shall be allowed in any part of the building communicating 
 with the auditorium. Interior walls built of fireproofing materials 
 shall separate the auditorium from the entrance vestibule, and from 
 
202 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 any room or rooms over the same, also from lobbies, corridors, re- 
 freshment or other rooms. All staircases for the use of the audience 
 shall be inclosed with walls of brick, or of fireproof materials ap- 
 proved by the Department of Buildings, in the stories through which 
 they pass, and the openings to said staircases from each tier shall be 
 the full width of said staircase. No door shall open immediately upon 
 a flight of stairs, but a landing at least the width of the door shall be 
 provided between such stairs and such door. A firewall, built of brick, 
 shall separate the auditorium from the stage. The same shall extend 
 at least 4 feet above the stage roof, or the auditorium roof, if the latter 
 be the higher, and shall be coped. Above the proscenium opening 
 there shall be an iron girder of sufficient strength to safely support 
 the load above, and the same shall be covered with fireproof materials 
 to protect it from the heat. Should there be constructed an orches- 
 tra over the stage, above the proscenium opening, the said orchestra 
 shall be placed on the auditorium side of the proscenium fire wall 
 and shall be entered from the auditorium side of said wall. The 
 molded frame around the proscenium shall be formed entirely of fire- 
 proof materials; and if metal be used, the metal shall be filled in solid 
 with non-combustible material and securely anchored to the wall with 
 iron. The proscenium opening shall be provided with a fireproof 
 metal curtain, or a curtain of asbestos or other fireproof material ap- 
 proved by the Department of Buildings, sliding at each end within 
 iron grooves, securely fastened to the brick wall and extending into 
 such grooves to a depth not less than 6 inches on each side of the 
 opening. Said fireproof curtain shall be raised at the commencement 
 of each performance and lowered at the close of said performance, 
 and be operated by approved machinery for that purpose. The pro- 
 scenium curtains shall be placed at least 3 feet distant from the foot- 
 lights at the nearest point. No doorway or opening through the pro- 
 scenium wall, from the auditorium, shall be allowed above the level 
 of the first floor, and such first floor openings shall have fireproof 
 doors on each face of the wall, and the doors shall be hung so as to 
 be opened from either side at all times. There shall be provided 
 over the stage, metal skylights of an area or combined area of at least 
 one-eighth the area of said stage, fitted up with sliding sash and glazed 
 with double thick sheet glass not exceeding one-twelfth of an inch 
 thick, and each pane thereof measuring not less than 300 square inches 
 and the whole of which skylight shall be so constructed as to open 
 instantly on the cutting or burning of a hempen cord which shall be 
 arranged to hold said skylight closed, or some other equally simple 
 approved device for opening them may be provided. Immediately 
 underneath the glass of said skylights there shall be wire netting, but 
 wire glass shall not be used in lieu of this requirement. All that por- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 20J 
 
 tion of the stage not comprised in the working of scenery, traps and 
 other mechanical apparatus for the presentation of a scene, usually 
 equal to the width of the proscenium opening, shall be built of iron 
 or steel beams filled in between with fireproof material, and all gird- 
 ers for the support of said beams shall be of wrought iron or rolled 
 steel. The fly-galleries entire, including pin-rails, shall be constructed 
 of iron or steel, and the floors of said galleries shall be composed of 
 iron or steel beams, filled with fireproof material, and no wood boards 
 or sleepers shall be used as covering over beams, but the said floors 
 shall be entirely fireproof. The rigging loft shall be fireproof. All 
 stage scenery, curtains and decorations made of combustible material, 
 and all woodwork on or about the stage, shall be painted or satu- 
 rated with some non-combustible material or otherwise rendered safe 
 against fire, and the finishing coats of paint applied to all woodwork 
 throughout the entire building shall be of such kind as will resist fire 
 to the satisfaction of the Department of Buildings. The roof over the 
 auditorium and the entire main floor of the auditorium and vestibule, 
 also the entire floor of the second story of the front superstructure 
 over the entrance, lobby and corridors, and all galleries and supports 
 for the same in the auditorium shall be constructed of iron or steel 
 and fireproof materials, not excluding the use of wood floorboards 
 and necessary sleepers to fasten the same to, but such sleepers shall 
 not mean timbers of support, and the space between the sleepers, ex- 
 cepting a portion under the stepping in the galleries, which shall be 
 properly fire stopped, shall be solidly filled with incombustible ma- 
 terial up to under side of the floor boards. The fronts of each gallery 
 shall be formed of fireproof materials, except the capping, which 
 may be made of wood. The ceiling under each gallery shall be en- 
 tirely formed of fireproof materials. The ceiling by the auditorium 
 shall be formed of fireproof materials. All lathing, whenever used, 
 shall be of wire or other metal. The partitions in that portion of 
 the building which contains the auditorium, the entrance and vesti- 
 bule and every room and passage devoted to the use of the audience 
 shall be constructed of fireproof materials, including the furring of 
 outside or other walls. None of the walls or ceilings shall be covered 
 with wood sheathing, canvas or any combustible material. But this 
 shall not exclude the use of wood wainscoting to a height not to ex- 
 ceed 6 feet, which shall be filled in solid between the wainscoting and 
 the wall with fireproof materials. The walls separating the actors' 
 dressing rooms from the stage and the partitions dividing the dress- 
 ing rooms together with the partitions of . every passageway from 
 the same to the stage, and all other partitions on or about the stage, 
 shall be constructed of fireproof material. approved by the Department 
 of Buildings. All doors"in any of said partitions shall be fireproof. 
 
204 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 All shelving and cupboards in each and every dressing room, prop- 
 erty room or other storage rooms shall be constructed of metal, slate 
 or some fireproof material. Dressing rooms may be placed in the 
 fly galleries, provided that proper exits are secured therefrom to the 
 fire escapes in the open courts, and that the partitions and other mat- 
 ters pertaining to dressing rooms shall conform to the requirements 
 herein contained, but the stairs leading to the same shall be fireproof. 
 All dressing rooms shall have an independent exit leading into a court 
 or street, and shall be ventilated by windows in the external walls 
 and no dressing room shall be below the street level. All windows 
 shall be arranged to open, and none of the windows in the outside 
 w r alls shall have fixed sashes, iron grills or bars. All seats in the au- 
 ditorium excepting those contained in boxes, shall be not less than 
 32 inches from back to back, measured in a horizontal direction, and 
 firmly secured to the floor. No scat in the auditorium shall have 
 more than six seats intervening between it and an aisle on either side. 
 No stool or seat shall be placed in any aisle. All platforms in galle- 
 ries formed to receive the seat shall not be more than 21 inches in 
 height or riser, nor less than 32 inches in width of platform. All aisles 
 on the respective floors of the auditorium shall be not less than 3 
 feet wide where they begin, and shall be increased in width toward 
 the exits in a ratio of 1 1-2 inches to 5 running feet. The foyers, lob- 
 bies, corridors, passages and rooms for the use of the audience, not 
 including aisles spaced between seats, shall, on the first or main 
 floor, where the seating capacity exceeds five hundred or more, be at 
 least 16 feet clear, back of the last row of seats, and on each balcony 
 or gallery at least 12 feet clear of the last row of seats. Gradients 
 or inclined planes shall be employed instead of steps where possible 
 to overcome slight difference or level in or between aisles, corridors 
 and passages. Every theatre accommodating three hundred persons 
 shall have at least two exits; when accommodating five hundred per- 
 sons, at least three exits shall be provided; these exits not referring 
 to or including the exits to the open court at the side of the theatre. 
 Doorways of exit or entrance for the use of the public shall be not 
 less than 5 feet in width, and for every additional one hundred per- 
 sons or portions thereof to be accommodated, in excess of five hun- 
 dred, an aggregate of 20 inches additional exit width must be allowed 
 All doors of exit or entrance shall open outwardly and be hung to 
 swing in such a manner as not to become an obstruction in a pass- 
 age or corridor, and no such doors shall be closed and locked during 
 any representation, or when the building is open to the public. Dis- 
 tinct and separate places of exit and entrance shall' be provided for 
 ■each gallery above the first. A common place of exit and entrance may 
 serve for the main floor of the auditorium and the first gallery, pro- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 205 
 
 vided its capacity be equal to the aggregate capacity of the outlets 
 from the main floor and the said gallery. No passage leading to any 
 stairway communicating with any entrance or exit shall be less than 
 4 feet in width in any part thereof. All stairs within the building shall 
 be constructed of fireproof materal throughout. Stairs from balconies 
 and galleries shall not communicate with the basement or cellar. All 
 stairs shall have treads of uniform width and risers of uniform height 
 throughout in each flight. Stairways serving for the exit of fifty 
 people shall be at least 4 feet wide between railing, or between walls, 
 and for every additional fifty people to be accommodated 6 inches 
 must be added to their width. The width of all stairs shall be meas- 
 ured in the clear between hand rails. In no case shall the risers of 
 any stairs exceed 7 1-2 inches in height, nor shall the treads, exclu- 
 sive of nosings, be less than 10 1-2 inches wide in straight stairs. No 
 circular or winding stairs for the use of the public shall be permitted. 
 Where the seating capacity is for more than one thousand people, 
 there shall be at least two independent staircases, with direct exterior 
 outlets, provided for each gallery in the auditorium, where there are 
 not more than two galleries, and the same shall be located on oppo- 
 site sides of said galleries. Where there are more than two galleries 
 one or more additional staircases shall be provided, the outlets from 
 which shall communicate directly with the principal exit or other 
 outlets All said staircases shall be of width proportionate to the 
 seating capacity as elsewhere herein prescribed Where the seating 
 capacity is for 1,000 people, or less, two direct lines of staircases only 
 shall be required, located on opposite sides of the galleries, and in 
 both cases shall extend from the sidewalk level to the upper gallery, 
 with outlets from each gallery to each of said staircases At least 
 two independent staircases, with direct exterior outlets, shall also 
 be provided for the service of the stage and shall be located on the 
 opposite sides of the same. All inside stairways leading to the upper, 
 galleries of the auditorium shall be inclosed on both sides with walls 
 of fireproof materials. Stairs leading to the first or lower gallery 
 may be left open on one side, in which case they shall be constructed 
 as herein provided for similar stairs leading from the entrance hall 
 to the main floor, of the auditorium. But in no case shall stairs leading, 
 to any gallery be left open on both sides. When straight stairs re- 
 turn directly on themselves, a landing of the full width of both flights 
 without any steps, shall be provided. The outer line of landings shall, 
 be curved to a radius of not less than 2 feet, to avoid angles. Stairs 
 turning at an angle shall have a proper landing without winders intro- 
 duced at said turn. In stairs, when two side flights connect with one, 
 main flight no winders shall be introduced, and the width of the 
 main flight shall be at least equal to the aggregate width of the side^ 
 
2o6 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 flights. All stairs shall have proper landings introduced at convenient 
 distances. All inclosed staircases shall have, on both sides, strong 
 hand rails firmly secured to the wall about 3 inches distant therefrom 
 and about 3 feet above the stairs, but said hand rails shall not run on 
 level platforms and landings where the same is more than the width 
 of the stairs. All staircases 8 feet and over in width shall be provided 
 with a centre hand rail of metal, not less than 2 inches in diameter, 
 placed at a height of about 3 feet above the centre of the treads, and 
 supported on wrought metal or brass standards of sufficient strength, 
 placed not nearer than 4 feet nor more than 6 feet apart, and securely 
 bolted to the treads or risers of stairs, or both, and at the head of 
 each flight of stairs, on each landing, the post or standard shall be 
 6 feet in height, to which the rail shall be secured. Every steam 
 boiler which may be required for heating or other purposes shall be 
 located outside of the building, and the space allotted to the same 
 shall be inclosed by walls of masonry on all sides, and the ceiling of 
 such space shall be constructed of fireproof materials. All doorways 
 in said walls shall have fireproof doors. No floor register for heating 
 shall be permitted. Xo coil or radiator shall be placed in any aisle or 
 passageway used as an exit, but all said coils and radiators shall be 
 placed in recesses formed in the wall or partition to receive the same. 
 All supply, return or exhaust pipes shall be properly incased and pro- 
 tected where passing through doors or near woodwork. Standpipes 
 4 inches in diameter shall be provided with hose attachments on every 
 floor and gallery as follows: One on each side of the auditorium in 
 each tier, also on each side of the stage in each tier, and at least one 
 in the property room and one in the carpenter's shop, if the same be 
 contiguous to the building. All such standpipes shall be kept clear 
 from obstruction. Said standpipes shall be separate and distinct, re- 
 ceiving their supply of water direct from the power pump or pumps, 
 and shall be fitted with the regulation couplings of the Fire Depart- 
 ment, and shall be kept constantly filled with water by means of an 
 automatic power pump or pumps, of sufficient capacity to supply all 
 the lines of hose when operated simultaneously, and said pump or 
 pumps shall be supplied from the street main and be ready for im- 
 mediate use at all times during the performance in said building. In 
 addition to the requirements contained in this section, the standpipes 
 shall also conform to the requirements contained in section 102 of this 
 Code. A separate and distinct system of automatic sprinklers, with 
 fusible plugs, approved by the Department of Buildings, supplied with 
 water from a tank located on the roof over the stage and not con- 
 nected in any manner with the standpipes, shall be placed each side 
 of the proscenium opening and on the ceiling or roof over the stagie 
 at such intervals as will protect every square foot of stage surface 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 207 
 
 when said sprinklers are in operation. Automatic sprinklers shall 
 also be placed, wherever practicable, in the dressing rooms, under 
 the stage and in the carpenter shop, paint rooms, store rooms and 
 property room. A proper and sufficient quantity of two and one- 
 half inch hose, not less than 100 feet in length, fitted with the regu- 
 lation couplings of the Fire Department and with nozzles attached 
 thereto, and with hose spanners at each outlet, shall always be kept 
 attached to each hose attachment as the Fire Commissioner may di- 
 rect. There shall also be kept in readiness for immediate use on the 
 stage, at least four casks full of water, and two buckets to each cask. 
 Said casks and buckets shall be painted red. There shall also be pro- 
 vided hand pumps or other portable fire extinguishing apparatus and 
 at least four axes and two 25-foot hooks, two 15-foot hooks, and two 
 10-foot hooks on each tier or floor of the stage. Every portion of the 
 building devoted to the uses or accommodation of the public, also all 
 outlets leading to the streets and including the open courts or corri- 
 dors, shall be well and properly lighted during every performance, 
 and the same shall remain lighted until the entire audience has left 
 the premises. All gas or electric lights in the halls, corridors, lobby 
 or any other part of said buildings used by the audience, except the 
 auditorium, must be controlled by a separate shut-off. located in the 
 lobby and controlled only in that particular place. Gas mains supply- 
 ing the building shall have independent connections for the auditorium 
 and the stage, and provision shall be made for shutting off the gas 
 from the outside of the building. When interior gas lights are not 
 lighted by electricity other suitable, appliances, to be approved by 
 the Department of Buildings, shall be provided. All suspended or 
 bracket lights surrounded by glass in the auditorium, or in any part 
 of the building devoted to the public, shall be provided with proper 
 wire netting underneath. No gas or electric light shall be inserted in 
 the walls, woodwork, ceilings or in any part of the building, unless 
 protected by fireproof materials. All lights in passages and corridors 
 in said buildings, and wherever deemed necessary by the Department 
 of Buildings, shall be protected with proper wire net work. The foot- 
 lights in addition to the wire net work shall be protected with a 
 strong wire guard and chain, placed not less than two feet distant from 
 said footlights, and the trough containing said footlights, shall be 
 formed of and surrounded by fireproof materials. All border lights 
 shall be constructed according to the best known methods, and sub- 
 ject to the approval of the Department of Buildings, and shall be sus- 
 pended for 10 feet by wire rope. All ducts or shafts used for conduct- 
 ing heated air from the main chandelier, or from any other light or 
 lights, shall be constructed of metal and made double, with an air 
 space between. All stage lights have strong metal wire guards or 
 
208 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CJTV OF NEW YORK. 
 
 screens, not less than 10 inches in diameter, so constructed that any 
 material in contact therewith shall be out of reach of the said stage 
 lights, and must be soldered to the fixtures in all cases. The stand- 
 pipes, gas pipes, electric wires, hose, footlights and all apparatus for 
 the extinguishing of fire or guarding against the same, as in this sec- 
 tion specified, shall be in charge and under control of the Fire Depart- 
 ment, and the Commissioner of said Department is hereby directed 
 to see that the arrangements in respect thereto are carried out and en- 
 forced. A diagram or plan of each tier, gallery or floor, showing 
 distinctly the exits therefrom, each occupying a space not less than 
 15 square inches, shall be printed in black lines in a legible manner 
 on the programme of the performance. Every exit shall have over the 
 same on the inside the word " Exit " painted in legible letters not less 
 than 8 inches high. , 
 
 Sec. 109a. The provisions of the foregoing section shall not be 
 construed to mean or made to apply to any theatre, opera house or 
 building intended to be used for theatrical or operatic purposes, now 
 erected or for which plans have heretofore been approved by the Su- 
 perintendent of Buildings. 
 
 Part 22 — Iron and Steel Construction. 
 
 Sec. no. Skeleton Construction — Where columns are used to 
 support iron or steel girders carrying inclosure walls, the said col- 
 umns shall be of cast iron, wrought iron, or rolled steel, and on their 
 exposed outer and inner surfaces be constructed to resist fire by hav- 
 ing a casing of brickwork not less than 8 inches in thickness on the 
 cuter surfaces, nor less than 4 inches in thickness on the inner sur- 
 faces, and all bonded into the brickwork of the inclosure walls. The 
 exposed sides of the iron or steel girders shall be similarly covered in 
 with brickwork not less than four inches in thickness on the outer 
 surfaces and tied and bonded, but the extreme outer edge of the 
 flanges or beams, or plates or angles connected to the beams, may 
 project to within 2 inches of the outside surface of the brick casing, 
 the inside surfaces of girders may be similarly covered with brick- 
 work, or if projecting inside of the wall, they shall be protected by 
 terra cotta, concrete or other fireproof material. Girders for the sup- 
 port of the inclosure walls shall be placed at the floor line of each 
 story. 
 
 Sec. in. Steel and Wrought Iron Columns — No part of a steel 
 or wrought iron column shall be less than one-quarter of an inch thick. 
 No wrought iron or rolled steel column shall have an unsupported 
 length of more than forty times its least lateral diameter, except as 
 modified by section 138 of this Code, and also except in such cases 
 "as the Commissioners of Buildings may specially allow a greater uri- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 209 
 
 supported length. The ends of all columns shall be faced to a plane 
 surface at right angles to the axis of the columns and the connection 
 between them shall be made with splice plates- The joint may be 
 effected by rivets of sufficient size and number to transmit the entire 
 stress, and then the splice plates shall be equal in sectional area to 
 the area of column spliced. When the section of the columns to be 
 spliced is such that spliced plates cannnot be used, a connection 
 of plates and angels may be used, designed to properly distribute the 
 stress. No material, whether in the body of the column or used as 
 lattice bar or stay plate, shall be used in any wrought iron or steel 
 column of less thickness than one thirty-second of its unsupported 
 width, measured between centres of rivets transversely, or one-six- 
 teenth the distance between centres or rivets in the direction of the 
 stress. Stay plates are to have not less than four rivets, and are to 
 be spaced so that the ratio of length by the least radius gyration of 
 the parts connected does not exceed forty; the distance between 
 nearest rivets of two stay plates shall in this case be considered as 
 length. Steel and wrought iron columns shall be made in one, two or 
 three-story lengths, and the materials shall be rolled in one length 
 wherever practicable to avoid intermediate splices. Where any part 
 of the section of a column projects beyond that of the column below, 
 the difference shall be made up by filling plates secured to column 
 by the proper number of rivets. Shoes of iron or steel, as described 
 for cast iron columns, or built shoes of plates and shapes may be 
 used, complying with same requirements. 
 
 Sec. 112. Cast Iron Columns — Cast iron columns shall not have less 
 diameter than 5 inches, or less thickness than 1/4 inch. Nor shall they 
 have an unsupported length of more than twenty times their least lateral 
 dimensions or diameter, except as modified by section 138 of this Code, 
 and except the same may form part of an elevator inclosure or staircase, 
 and also except in such cases as the Commissioner of Buildings having 
 jurisdiction may specially allow a greater unsupported length. All cast 
 iron columns shall be of good workmanship and material. The top and 
 bottom flanges, seats and lugs shall be of ample strength, reinforced by 
 fillets and brackets ; they shall be not less than 1 inch in thickness when 
 finished. All columns must be faced at the ends to a true surface per- 
 pendicular to the axis of the column. Column joints shall be secured 
 by not less than four bolts each, not less than Y\ inch in diameter. 
 The holes for these bolts shall be drilled to a template. The core of a 
 column below a joint shall be not larger than the core of the column 
 above and the metal shall be tapered down for a distance of not less 
 than 6 inches, or a joint plate may be inserted of sufficient strength to 
 distribute the load. The thickness of metal shall be not less than one- 
 twelfth the diameter or the greatest lateral dimension of cross section, 
 
2io ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 but never less than inch. Wherever the core of a cast iron column 
 has shifted more than one-fourth the thickness of the shell, the strength 
 shall be computed assuming the thickness of metal all around equal to 
 the thinnest part, and the column shall be condemned if this computa- 
 tion shows the strength to be less than required by this Code. Wherever 
 blowholes or imperfections are found in a cast iron column which re- 
 duces the area of the cross section at that point more than 10 per 
 cent., such column shall be condemned. Cast iron posts or columns not 
 cast with one open side or back, before being set up in place, shall have 
 a three-eighths-inch hole drilled in the shaft of each post or column 
 by the manufacturer or contractor furnishing the same, to exhibit the 
 thickness of the castings, and any other similar sized hole or holes 
 which the Commissioners of Buildings may require shall be drilled in 
 the said posts or columns by the said manufacturer or contractor at his 
 own expense. 
 
 Iron or steel shoes or plates shall be used under the bottom tier 
 of columns to properly distribute the load on the foundation. Shoes 
 shall be planned on top. 
 
 Sec. 113. Double Columns — In all buildings hereafter erected or 
 altered, where any iron or steel column or columns are used to support 
 a wall or part thereof, whether the same be an exterior or interior 
 wall, and columns located below the level of the sidewalk which are 
 used to support exterior walls or arches over vaults, the said column 
 or columns shall be either constructed double — that is, an outer and inner 
 column, the inner column alone to be of sufficient strength to sustain 
 safely the weight to be imposed thereon, and the outer columns shall 
 be 1 inch shorter than the inner columns, or such other iron or steel 
 column of sufficient strength and protected with not less than 2 inches 
 of fireproof material securely applied, except that double or protected 
 columns shall not be required for walls fronting on streets or courts. 
 
 Sec. 114. Party Wall Posts — If iron or steel posts are to be used 
 as party posts in front of a party wall, and intended for two buildings, 
 then the said posts shall be not less in width than the thickness of the 
 party wall, nor less in depth than the tlfrckness of the wall to be sup- 
 ported above. Iron or steel posts in front of ^side, division or party 
 walls shall be filled up solid with masonry and made perfectly tight 
 between the posts and walls. Intermediate posts may be used, which 
 shall be sufficiently strong, and the lintels thereon shall have sufficient 
 bearings to carry the weight above with safety. 
 
 Sec. 115. Plates Between Joints of Open Back Columns — Iron or 
 steel posts or columns, with one or more open sides and backs, shall 
 have solid iron plates on top of each, excepting where pierced for the 
 passage of pipes. 
 
 Sec. 116. Steel and Iron Girders — Rivets in flanges shall be placed 
 so that the least value of a rivet for either shear or bearing is equal or 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 211 
 
 greater than the increment of strain due to the distance between adjoin- 
 ing rivets. All other rules given under riveting shall be followed. The 
 length of rivets between heads shall be limited to four times the diameter. 
 The compression flange of plate girders shall be secured against buckling, 
 if its length exceeds thirty times its width. If splices are used, they 
 shall fully make good the members spliced in either tension or com- 
 pression. Stiffeners shall be provided over supports and other concen- 
 trated loads ; they shall be of sufficient length, as a column, to carry 
 the loads, and shall be connected with a sufficient number of rivets to 
 transmit the stresses into the web plate. Stiffeners shall fit so as to 
 support the flanges of the girders. If the unsupported depth of the web 
 plate exceeds sixty times its thickness, stiffeners shall be used at intervals 
 not exceeding one hundred and twenty times the thickness of the web. 
 
 Sec. 117. Rolled Steel and Wrought Iron Beams Used as Girders — 
 When rolled steel or wrought iron beams are used in pairs to form a 
 girder, they shall be connected together by bolts and iron separators at 
 intervals of not more than 5 feet. All beams 12 inches and over in 
 depth shall have at least two bolts to each separator. 
 
 Sec. 118. Cast Iron Lintels — Cast iron lintels shall not be used for 
 spans exceeding 16 feet. Cast iron lintels of beams shall be not less 
 than three-quarters of an inch in thickness in any of their parts. 
 
 Sec. 119. Plates Under Ends of Lintels and Girders — When the 
 lintels or girders are supported at the ends by brick walls or piers they 
 shall rest upon cut granite or bluestone blocks at least 10 inches thick, 
 or upon cast iron plates of equal strength by the full size of the bearings. 
 In case the opening is less than 12 feet, the stone blocks may be 5 inches 
 in thickness, or cast iron plates of equal strength by the full size of 
 the bearings may be used, provided that in all cases the safe loads do 
 not exceed those fixed by section 139 of this Code. 
 
 Sec. 120. Rolled Steel and Wrought Iron Floor and Roof Beams — 
 All rolled steel and wrought iron floor and roof beams used in buildings 
 shall be of full weight, straight and free from injurious defects. Holes 
 for tie rods shall be placed as near the thrust of the arch as practicable. 
 The distance between tie rods in floors shall not exceed eight feet and 
 shall not exceed eight times the depth of floor beams 12 inches and under. 
 Channels or other shapes, where used as skew-backs, shall have a suf- 
 ficient resisting moment to take up the thrust of the arch. Bearing 
 plates of stone or metal shall be used to reduce the pressure on the wall to 
 the working stress. Beams resting on girders shall be securely riveted 
 or bolted to the same; where joined on a girder, tie-straps of one-half 
 inch net sectional area shall be used, with rivets or bolts to correspond. 
 Anchors shall be provided at the ends of all such beams bearing on 
 walls. 
 
 Sec. 121. Templates Under Ends of Steel or Iron Floor Beams — 
 Under the ends of all iron or steel beams where they rest on the walls. 
 
212 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 a stone or cast iron template shall be built into the walls. Templates 
 under ends of steel or iron beams shall be of such dimensions as to 
 bring no greater pressure upon the brickwork than that allowed by sec- 
 tion 139 of this Code. When rolled iron or steel floor beams, not exceed- 
 ing 6 inches in depth, are placed not more than 30 inches on centres, no 
 templates shall be required. 
 
 Sec. 122. Framing and Connecting Structural Work — All iron or 
 steel trimmer beams, headers, and tail beams, shall be suitably framed 
 and connected together, and the iron or steel girders, columns., beams, 
 trusses and all other iron work of all floors and roofs shall be strapped, 
 bolted, anchored and connected together, and to the walls. 
 
 All beams framed into and supported by other beams or girders 
 shall be connected thereto by angles or knees of a proper size and thick- 
 ness, and have sufficient bolts or rivets in both legs of each connecting 
 angle to transmit the entire weight or load coming on the beam to the 
 supporting beam or girder. In no case shall the shearing value of the 
 bolts or rivets or the bearing value of the connection angles, provided 
 for in section 139 of this Code, be exceeded. 
 
 Sec. 123. Riveting of Structural Steel and Wrought Iron Work — 
 The distance from centre, of a rivet hole to the edge of the material 
 shall not be less than : 
 
 Five-eighths of an inch for one-half-inch rivets. 
 
 Seven-eighth of an inch for five-eighths-inch rivets. 
 
 One and one-eighth of an inch for three-fourths-inch rivets. 
 
 One and three-eighths of an inch for seven-eighths-inch rivets. 
 
 One and one-half of an inch for i-inch rivets. 
 
 Wherever possible, however, the distance shall be equal to two diam- 
 eters. All rivets, wherever practicable, shall be machine driven. The 
 rivets in connections shall be proportioned and placed to suit the stresses. 
 The pitch of rivets shall never be less than three diameters of the rivet, 
 nor more than six inches. In the direction of the stress it shall not 
 exceed sixteen times the least thickness of the outside member. At 
 right angles to the stress it shall not exceed thirty-two times the least 
 thickness of the outside member. All holes shall be punched accurately, 
 so that upon assembling a cold rivet will enter the hole without straining 
 the material by drifting. Occasional slight errors shall be corrected by 
 reaming. The rivets shall fill the holes completely ; the heads shall be 
 hemispherical and concentric with the axis of the rivet. Gussets shall 
 be provided whenever required, of sufficient thickness and size to accom- 
 modate the number of rivets necessary to make a connection. 
 
 Sec. 124. Bolting of Structural Steel and Wrought Iron Work — 
 Where riveting is not made mandatory, connections may be effected by 
 bolts. These bolts shall be of wrought iron or mild steel, and they shall 
 have United States Standard threads. The threads shall be full and 
 clean, the nut shall be truly concentric with the bolt, and the thread 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 2i£ 
 
 shall be of sufficient length to allow the nut to be screwed up tightly. 
 When bolts go through bevel flanges, bevel washers to match shall be 
 used, so that the head and nut of bolt are parallel. When bolts are used 
 for suspenders, the working stresses shall be reduced for wrought iront 
 to 10,000 pounds and for steel to 14,000 pounds per square inch of net 
 area, and the load shall be transmitted into the head or nut by strong 
 washers distributing the pressure evenly over the entire surface of the 
 same. Turned bolts in reamed holes shall be deemed a substitute for 
 field rivets. 
 
 Sec. 125. Steel and Wrought Iron Trusses — Trusses shall be of such 
 design that the stresses in each member can be calculated. All trusses- 
 shall be held rigidly in position by efficient systems of lateral and sway 
 bracing, struts being spaced so that the maximum limit of length to 
 least radius of gyration, established in section 111 of this Code, is not 
 exceeded. Any member of a truss subjected to transverse stress, in 
 addition to direct tension or compression, shall have the stresses causing 
 such strain added to the direct stresses coming on the member, and 
 the total tresses thus formed shall in no case exceed the working stresses 
 stated in section 139 of this Code. 
 
 Sec. 126. Riveted Steel and Wrought Iron Trusses — For tension 
 members, the actual net area only, after deducting rivet holes, one-eighth 
 inch larger than the rivets, shall be considered as resisting the stress. 
 If tension members are made of angle irons riveted through one flange 
 only, only that flange shall be considered in proportioning areas. Rivets 
 to be proportioned as prescribed in section 13 of this Code. If the- 
 axes of two adjoining web members do not intersect within the line of 
 the chords, sufficient area shall be added to the chord to take up the 
 bending strains. No bolts shall be used in the connections of riveted 
 trusses, excepting when riveting is impracticable, and then the holes 
 shall be drilled or reamed. 
 
 Sec. 127. Steel and Iron Pin-Connected Trusses — The bending 
 stresses on pins shall be limited to 20,000 pounds for steel and 15,000 
 pounds for iron. All compression members in pin-connected trusses 
 shall be proportioned, using 75 per cent, of the permissible working stress 
 for columns. The heads of all eye-bars shall be made up by upsetting 
 or forging. No weld will be allowed in the body of the bar. Steel 
 eye-bars shall be annealed. Bars shall be straight before boring. All 
 pin-holes shall be bored through and at right angles to the axis of the 
 members, and must fit the pin within 1-32 of an inch. The distances 
 of pin-holes from centre to centre for corresponding members shall be 
 alike, so that, when piled upon one another, pins will pass through 
 both ends without forcing. Eyes and screw ends shall be so proportioned 
 that upon test to destruction, fracture will take place in the body of the 
 member. All pins shall be accurately turned. Pin-plates shall be provided 
 wherever necessary to reduce the stresses on pins to the working stresses 
 
2I 4 
 
 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 prescribed in section 139 of this Code. These pin-plates shall be con- 
 nected to the members bv rivets of sufficient size and number to transmit 
 the stresses without exceeding working stresses. All rivets in members 
 of pin-connected trusses shall be machine driven. All rivets in pin-plates 
 which are necessarv to transmit stress shall be also machine-driven. The 
 main connections of members shall be made by pins. Other connections 
 may be made by bolts. If there is a combination of riveted and pin- 
 connected members in one truss, these members shall comply with the 
 requirements for pin-connected trusses ; but the riveting shall comply 
 with the requirements of section 126 of this Code. 
 
 Sec. 128. Iron and Other Metal Fronts to Be Filled In— All cast 
 iron or metal fronts shall be backed up or filled in with masonry of 
 the thicknesses provided for in sections 31 and 32. 
 
 Sec. 129. Painting of Structural Metal Work — All structural metal 
 work shall be cleaned of all scale, dirt and rust, and be thoroughly coated 
 with one coat of paint. Cast iron columns shall not be painted until after 
 inspection by the Department of Buildings. Where surfaces in riveted 
 work come in contact, they shall be painted before assembling. After 
 erection all work shall be painted at least one additional coat. All iron 
 or steel used under water shall be inclosed with concrete. 
 
 Part 23 — Floor Leads, Temporary Supports. 
 
 Sec. 130. Floor Loads — The dead loads in all buildings shall consist 
 of the actual weight of walls, floors, roofs, partitions and all permanent 
 ■construction. 
 
 The live or variable loads shall consist of all loads other than dead 
 loads. 
 
 Every floor shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the weight 
 to be imposed thereon in addition to the weight of the materials of 
 which the floor is composed; if to be used as a dwelling house, apart- 
 ment house, tenement house, hotel or lodging house, each floor shall 
 t>e of sufficient strength in all its parts to bear safely upon every su- 
 perficial foot of its surface not less than 60 pounds; if to be used for 
 office purposes not less than 75 pounds upon every superficial foot 
 .above the first floor, and for the latter floor 150 pounds; if to be used 
 -as a school or place of instruction, not less than 75 pounds upon 
 -every superficial foot; if to be used for stable and carriage house pur- 
 poses not less than 75 pounds upon every superficial foot; if to be 
 used as a place of public assembly, not less than 90 pounds upon 
 every superficial foot; if to be used for ordinary stores, light manu- 
 facturing and light storage, not less than 120 pounds upon every 
 superficial foot; if to be used as a store where heavy materials are 
 Icept or stored, warehouse, factory, or for any other manufacturing 
 or commercial purpose, not less than 150 pounds upon every super- 
 ficial foot. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 21c 
 
 The strength of factory floors intended to carry running ma- 
 chinery shall be increased above the minimum given in this section 
 in proportion to the degree of vigratory impulse liable to be trans- 
 mitted to the floor, as may be required by the Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction. The roofs of all buildings having a pitch 
 of less than 20 degrees shall be proportioned to bear safely 50 pounds 
 upon every superficial foot of their surface, in addition to the weight 
 of materials composing the same. If the pitch be more than twenty 
 degrees the live load shall be assumed at 30 pounds upon every super- 
 ficial foot measured on a horizontal plane. For sidewalk's between: 
 the curb and area lines the live load shall be taken at 300 pounds 
 upon every superficial foot. Every column, post or other vertical 
 support shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the weight of 
 the portion of each and every floor depending upon it for support, in 
 addition to the weight required as before stated to be supported safely 
 upon said portion of said floors. For the purpose of determining the 
 carrying capacity of columns of dwellings, office buildings, stores,, 
 stables and public buildings when over five stories in height, a re- 
 duction of the live loads shall be permissable as follows: For the 
 roof and top floor the full live loads shall be used; for each succeed- 
 ing lower floor it shall be permissible to reduce the live load by S 
 per cent, until 50 per cent, of the live loads fixed by this section is- 
 reached, when such reduced loads shall be used for all remaining 
 floors. 
 
 Sec. 131. Load on Floors to Be Distributed — The weight placed 
 on any of the floors of any building shall be safely distributed thereom 
 The Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction may require the 
 owner or occupant of any building, or of any portion thereof, to re- 
 distribute the load on any floor, or to lighten such load where he 
 deems it to be necessary. 
 
 Sec. 132. Strength of Existing Floors to Be Calculated — In all 
 warehouses, store houses, factories, workshops and stores where 
 heavy materials are kept or stored, or machinery introduced, the 
 weight that each floor will safely sustain upon each superficial foot 
 thereof, or upon each varying part of such floor, shall be estimated 
 by the owner or occupant, or by a competent person employed by 
 the owner or occupant. Such estimate shall be reduced to writing^ 
 on printed forms furnished by the Department of Buildings, stating 
 that material, size, distance apart and span of beams and girders, 
 posts or columns to support floors, and its correctness shall be sworn 
 to by the person making the same, and it shall be thereupon filed in 
 the office of the Department of Buildings. But if the Commissioners, 
 of Buildings shall have cause to doubt the correctness of said esti- 
 mate, they are empowered to revise and correct the same and for the 
 
2l6 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 purpose of such revision the officers and employees of the Depart- 
 ment of Buildings may enter any building and remove so much of 
 any floor or other portion thereof as may be required to make neces- 
 sary measurements and examination. When the correct estimate of 
 the weight that the floors in any such buildings will safely sustain 
 lias been ascertained, as herein provided, the Department of Build- 
 ings shall approve the same, and thereupon the owner or occupant 
 of said building, or any portion thereof, shall post a copy of such ap- 
 proved estimate in a conspicuous place on each story, or varying 
 parts of each story, of the building to which it relates. Before any 
 building hereafter erected is occupied and used, in whole or in part, 
 ior any of the purposes aforesaid, and before any building, erected 
 prior to the passage of this Code, but not at such time occupied for 
 any of the aforesaid purposes, is occupied or used, in whole or in part, 
 for any of said purposes, the weight that each floor will safely sustain 
 xipon each superficial foot thereof, shall be ascertained and posted in 
 -a conspicuous place on each story or varying part of each story 
 of the building to which it relates. No person shall place, or cause 
 or permit to be placed on any floor of any building any greater load 
 than the safe load thereof, as correctly estimated and ascertained as 
 lierein provided. Any expense necessarily incurred in removing any 
 floor or other portion of any building for the purpose of making any 
 examination herein provided for shall be paid by the Comptroller of 
 The City of New York, upon the requisition of the Board of Build- 
 ings, out of the fund paid over to said Board under the provisions of 
 section 158 of this Code. Such expenses shall be a charge against 
 the person or persons by whom or on whose behalf said estimate was 
 made, provided such examination proves the floors of insufficient 
 -strength to carry with safety the loads found upon them when such 
 •examination was made: and shall be collected in an action to be 
 "brought by the Corporation Counsel against said person or persons, 
 -and the sum so collected shall be paid over to the said Comptroller 
 to be deposited in said fund in reimbursement of the amount paid as 
 aforesaid. When the architect of record for any building has filed 
 "with his application to build, the data required to determine the 
 strength of floors, on one of the blank forms provided for that pur- 
 pose, such examination shall not be required provided that the pur- 
 poses and uses of the building have not been changed. 
 
 Sec. 133. Strength of Temporary Supports — Every temporary sup- 
 port placed under any structure, wall, girder or beam, during the 
 •erection, finishing, alteration, or repairing of any building or struc- 
 ture or any part thereof, shall be of sufficient strength to safely carry 
 the load to be placed thereon. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 217 
 
 Part 24 — Calculations. Strength of Materials. 
 
 Sec. 134. Safe Load for Masonry Work — The safe-bearing load 
 to apply to brickwork shall be taken at eight tons per superficial foot,, 
 when lime mortar is used; eleven and one-half tons per superficial 
 foot when lime and cement mortar mixed is used; fifteen tons per 
 superficial foot when cement mortar is used. The safe bearing load 
 to apply to rubble-stone work shall be taken at ten tons per super- 
 ficial foot when Portland cement is used; when cement other than 
 Portland cement is used, eight tons per superficial foot; when lime 
 and cement mortar mixed is used ^seven tons per superficial foot: and 
 when lime mortar is used, five tons per superficial foot. The safe- 
 bearing load to apply to concrete when Portland cement is used shall 
 be taken at fifteen tons per superficial foot; and when cement other 
 than Portland is used, eight tons per superficial foot. 
 
 Sec. 135. Weights of Certain Materials — In computing the weight 
 of walls, a cubic foot of brickwork shall be deemed to weigh 115 
 pounds. Sandstone, white marble, granite and other kinds of build- 
 ing stone shall be deemed to weigh 170 pounds per cubic foot. 
 
 Sec. 136. Computations for Strength of Materials — The dimensions 
 of each piece or combination of materials required shall be ascer- 
 tained by computation, according to the rules prescribed by this 
 
 Sec. 137. Factors of Safety — Where the unit stress for any mate- 
 rial is not prescribed in this Code the relation of allowable unit 
 stress to ultimate strength shall be as one to four for metals, sub- 
 jected to tension or transverse stress; as one to six for timber, and 
 as one to ten for natural or artificial stones and brick or stone ma- 
 sonry. But wherever working stresses are prescribed in this Code, 
 varying the factors of safety hereinabove given, the said working; 
 stresses shall be used. 
 
 Sec. 138. Strength of Columns — In columns or compression 
 members with flat ends of cast iron, steel, wrought iron or wood, the 
 stress per square inch shall not exceed that given in the following; 
 tables : 
 
 Code. 
 
 Working Stresses Per Square 
 Inch of Section. 
 
 When the Length Divided by Least 
 Radius of Gyration Equals 
 
 Wrought 
 
 Cast Iron. Steel. 
 
 Iron. 
 4.400 
 5,200 
 6,000 
 
 120 
 110 
 100 
 
 8.240 
 8.820 
 9.400 
 
2i8 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 30 9,980 6,000 
 
 80, 10,560 7,600 
 
 70 9,200 11,140 8,400 
 
 60 9,500 11.720 9,200 
 
 50 9,800 12.300 10,000 
 
 40 10.100 12,880 10,800 
 
 30 10,400 13,460 11,600 
 
 20 10,700 14,040 12,400 
 
 30 11.000 14,620 13,200 
 
 An in like proportion for intermediate ratios. 
 
 Working Stress per Square Inch 
 of Section. 
 
 When the Length Divided by 
 the Least Diameter Equals 
 
 White Pine. 
 Long Leaf Norway Pine, Oak. 
 Yellow Pine. Spruce. 
 
 30 460 350 390 
 
 25 550 425 475 
 
 20 640 500 560 
 
 15 730 575 645 
 
 32 784 620 696 
 
 30 820 650 730 
 
 And in like proportion for intermediate ratios. Five-eighths the 
 values given for white pine shall also apply to chestnut and hemlock 
 posts. For locust posts use one and one-half the value given for 
 white pine. 
 
 Columns and compression numbers shall not be used having an 
 unsupported length of greater ratios than given in the tables. Any 
 column eccentrically loaded shall have the stresses caused by such 
 eccentricity computed, and the combined stresses resulting from such 
 eccentricity at any part of the column, added to all other stresses at 
 that part, shall in no case exceed the working stresses stated in this 
 Code. 
 
 The eccentric load of a column shall be considered to be dis- 
 tributed equally over the entire area surface of that column at the 
 next point below at which the column is securely braced laterally in 
 the direction of the eccentricity. 
 
 Sec. 139. Working Stresses — The safe carrying capacity of the 
 various materials of construction (except in the case of columns) 
 shall be determined by the following working stresses in pounds per 
 square inch of sectional area: 
 
 Compression (Direct). 
 Rolled Steel 16,000 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 215 
 
 Cast Steel 
 
 Wrought Iron 
 
 Cast Iron (in short blocks) . . 
 
 Steel pins and rivets (bearing) 
 
 Wrought Iron pins and rivets (bearing) 
 
 With Grain. 
 900 
 1.000 
 800 
 800 
 1.200 
 500 
 500 
 
 Oak 
 
 Yellow pine 
 
 White pine 
 
 Spruce 
 
 Locust 
 
 Hemlock , 
 
 Chestnut 
 
 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand, 2; stone, 4 
 
 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand, 2; stone, 5 
 
 Concrete (Rosendale, or equal) cement, 1; sand. 2; 
 stone, 4 
 
 Concrete (Rosendale. or equal) cement, 1; sand. 2; 
 stone, 5 
 
 Rubble stonework in Portland cement mortar 
 
 Rubble stonework in Rosendale cement mortar 
 
 Rubble stonework in lime and cement mortar 
 
 Rubble stonework in lime mortar 
 
 Brickwork in Portland cement mortar: cement 1; 
 sand, 3 
 
 Brickwork in Rosendale, or equal, cement mortar; ce- 
 ment, 1; sand, 3 
 
 Brickwork in lime and cement mortar; cement, 1; lime, 
 1; sand, 6 
 
 Brickwork in lime mortar; lime, 1; sand, 4 
 
 Granites (according to test) 
 
 Greenwich stone 
 
 Gneiss (New York City) 
 
 Limestones (according to test) 
 
 Marbles (according to test) 
 
 Sandstones (according to test) 
 
 Bluestone, North river 
 
 Brick (Haverstraw, flatwise) 
 
 Slate 
 
 Slate 
 
 Rolled Steel . 
 Cast Steel . . . 
 Wrought Iron 
 
 Tension (Direct). 
 
 16.000 
 12,000 
 16,000 
 20,000 
 15,000 
 
 Across Grain, 
 
 800 
 
 600 
 
 400 
 
 400 
 1,000 
 
 500 
 1.000 
 
 230 
 20S 
 
 12S 
 
 111 
 140 
 111 
 97 
 70 
 
 250 
 
 208 
 
 16U 
 111 
 
 1,000 to 2. 400 
 
 1,300 
 700 to 2,300 
 600 to 1.20O 
 400 to 1,600 
 2,000 
 30O 
 1,000 
 400 
 
 16,000 
 16.000 
 12.000 
 
220 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Cast Iron 3,000 
 
 Yellow Pine 1,200 
 
 White Pine 800 
 
 Spruce 800 
 
 Hemlock 600 
 
 Oak 1.000 
 
 Shear. 
 
 Steel web plates 9,000 
 
 Steel shop rivets and pins 10,000 
 
 Steel field rivets 8,000 
 
 Steel field bolts 7,000 
 
 Wrought iron web plates 6,000 
 
 Wrought iron shop rivets and plates 7,500 
 
 Wrought iron field rivets 6,000 
 
 Wrought iron field bolts 5,500 
 
 Cast Iron , 3,000 
 
 With Fibre. Across Fibre. 
 
 Yellow Pine 70 500 
 
 White Pine 40 250 
 
 Spruce 50 320 
 
 Oak 100 600 
 
 Locust 100 720 
 
 Hemlock 40 275 
 
 Chestnut . . 150 
 
 Safe Extreme Fibre Stress (Bending). 
 
 Rolled steel beams 16.000 
 
 Rolled steel pins, rivets and bolts 20,000 
 
 Riveted steel beams (net Range section) 14,000 
 
 Rolled wrought iron beams 12.000 
 
 Rolled wrought iron pins, rivets and bolts 15,000 
 
 Riveted wrought iron beams (net flange section) 12,000 
 
 Cast iron, compression side 16,000 
 
 Cast iron, tension side 3,000 
 
 Yellow Pine 1,200 
 
 White Pine 800 
 
 Spruce 800 
 
 Oak -. 1,000 
 
 Locust 1,200 
 
 Hemlock 600 
 
 Chestnut 800 
 
 Granite 180 
 
 Greenwich stone 150 
 
 Gneiss (New York City) 150 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Limestone 150 
 
 Slate 400 
 
 Marble 120 
 
 Sandstone 100 
 
 Bluestcne, North river 300 
 
 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand, 2; stone, 4 30 
 
 Concrete (Portland) cement, 1; sand, 2; stone, 5 20 
 
 Concrete (Rosendale, or equal) cement, 1; sand, 2; 
 
 stone, 4 16 
 
 Concrete (Rosendale, or equal) cement, 1; sand, 2; 
 
 stone, 5 10 
 
 Brick, common 50 
 
 Brickwork (in cement) 30 
 
 Sec. 140. Wind Pressure — All structures exposed to wind shall be 
 designed to resist a horizontal wind pressure of thirty pounds for 
 every square foot of surface thus exposed, from the ground to the 
 top of same, including roof., in any direction. In no case shall the 
 overturning moment due to wind pressure exceed 75 per centum of 
 the moment of stability of the structure. In all structures exposed 
 to wind, if the resisting moments of the ordinary materials of con- 
 struction, such as masonry, partitions, floors and connections are not 
 sufficient to resist the moment of distortion due to wind pressure, 
 taken in any direction on any part of the structure, additional bracing 
 shall be introduced sufficient to make up the difference in the mo- 
 ments. In calculations for wind bracing, the working stresses set 
 forth in this Code may be increased by 50 per centum. In buildings 
 under 100 feet in height, provided the height does not exceed four 
 times the average width of the base, the wind pressure may be dis- 
 regarded. 
 
 Part 25 — Plumbing and Drainage. 
 
 Sec. 141. Plumbing. Drainage and Repairs Thereto. 
 
 1. The drainage and plumbing of all buildings, both public and 
 private, shall be executed in accordance with the rules and regulations 
 of the Department of Buildings. Said rules and regulations and any 
 change thereof shall be published in the "City Record" on eight suc- 
 cessive Mondays before the same shall become operative. 
 
 Repairs or alterations of such plumbing or drainage may be made 
 without the filing and approval of drawings and descriptions in the 
 Department of Buildings, but such repairs or alterations shall not be 
 cc nstrued to include cases where new vertical or horizontal lines of 
 soil, waste, vent or lead pipes are proposed to be used. 
 
 Notice of such repairs or alterations shall be given to the Depart- 
 ment before the same are commenced in such cases as shall be prescribed 
 
222 ORDINANCES OF TH E CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 by the rules and regulations of the said Department and the work shall be 
 done in accordance with the said rules and regulations. 
 
 2. Once each year, every employing or master plumber carrying on 
 his trade, business or calling in The City of New York, shall register his 
 name and address at the office of the Department of Buildings in said 
 City under such rules and regulations as said Department shall prescribe 
 and as hereinafter provided. 
 
 And thereupon he shall be entitled to receive a certificate of such reg- 
 istration from said Department provided, however, that such employing 
 or master plumber shall, at the time of applying for such registration, hold 
 a certificate of competency from the Examining Board of Plumbers of 
 said City. 
 
 The time of making such registration shall be during the month of 
 March in each year. Where, however, a person obtains a certificate of com- 
 petency at a time other than in the month of March in any year, he may 
 register within thirty days after obtaining such certificate of competency, 
 but he must also register in the month of March in each year as hereinbe- 
 fore provided. 
 
 Such registration may be cancelled by the Department of Buildings 
 for a violation of the rules and regulations for the plumbing and drainage 
 of said Department of Buildings, duly adopted and in force pursuant to 
 the provisions of this section or whenever the person so registered ceases 
 to be a master or employing plumber, after a hearing before said De- 
 partment and upon a prior notice of not less than ten days, stating the 
 grounds of complaints and served upon the person charged with the viola- 
 tion of the aforesaid rules and regulations. 
 
 3. After this Code takes effect, no person, corporation or copartner- 
 ship shall engage in, or carry on the trade business or calling of employing 
 or master plumber in The City of New York, unless the name and adress 
 of such person and the president, secretary or treasurer of such corpora- 
 tion and each and every member of such copartnership shall have been 
 registered as above provided. 
 
 4. No person or persons shall expose the sign of "Plumber" or 
 "Plumbing"or a sign containing words of similar import and meaning in 
 The City of New York unless each person forming such a copartnership 
 shall have obtained a certificate of competency from the Examining Board 
 of Plumbers, and shall have registered as herein provided. 
 
 A master or employing plumber within the meaning of this Code 
 is any person who hires or employs a person or persons to do plumb- 
 ing work. 
 
 5. The inspectors of Plumbing in the Department of Buildings 
 in addition to their other duties shall ascertain whether the employing 
 or master plumber having charge of the construction, repairing or 
 alteration of any plumbing work performed in The City of New 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 223 
 
 Y 7 ork is registered as herein provided, and if such person is not so 
 registered, then such Inspectors shall forthwith report to said De- 
 partment the name of said plumber. 
 
 6. The Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction may pre- 
 sent a petition to a justice of the Supreme Court or to a special term 
 thereof for an order restraining the person so reported from acting 
 as an employing or master plumber until he registers pursuant to 
 the provisions of this Code. Said petition shall state that the said 
 person is engaged in plumbing work as an employing or master 
 plumber without having so registered, and shall be verified by the 
 inspector making the said report. 
 
 Upon the presentation of the petition, the Court shall grant an 
 order requiring such plumber to appear before a special term of the 
 Supreme Court on a date therein specified, not less than two nor 
 more than six days after the granting thereof, to show cause why he 
 should no be permanently enjoined until he has obtained a certificate 
 of registration as herein required. A copy of such petition and 
 order shall be served upon such person not less than twenty-four 
 hours before the return thereof. On the day specified in such order 
 the Court before whom the same is returnable shall hear the proofs 
 of the parties, and may, if deemed necessary, take testimony in rela- 
 tion to the allegations of the petitions. 
 
 If the Court is satisfied that such plumber is practicing without 
 having registered, as provided by this Code, an order shall be granted 
 enjoining him from acting as an employing or master plumber until 
 he has so registered. 
 
 No undertaking shall be required as a condition to the granting 
 or issuing of such injunction order or by reason thereof. 
 
 If, after the entry of such order in a County Clerk's office in The 
 City of New York, such person shall, in violation of such order, 
 practice as an employing or master plumber, he shall be deemed 
 guilty of a criminal contempt of court, and be punishable as for a 
 criminal contempt in the manner provided by the Code of Civil 
 Procedure. 
 
 In no case shall the Department of Buildings be liable for costs 
 in any such proceeding, but costs may be allowed against the de- 
 fendant or defendants in* the discretion of the Court. 
 
 Part 26 — Buildings Raised, Lowered, Altered or Moved. 
 
 Sec. 142. Buildings Raised, Lowered, Altered or Moved — Within 
 the fire limits it shall not be lawful for the owner or owners of any 
 brick dwelling house with 8-inch walls, or of any wood building al- 
 ready erected that has a peaked roof, to raise the same for the pur- 
 pose of making a flat roof thereon, unless the same be raised with 
 
224 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 the same kind of material as the building, and unless such new roof 
 be covered with fireproof material, and provided that such building, 
 when so raised, shall not exceed 40 feet in height to the highest part 
 thereof. All such buildings must exceed 25 feet in height to the peak 
 of the main roof before the said alteration and raising. In increasing 
 the height of any such building, the entire area which such building 
 covers may be raised to a uniform height. If any such building has 
 an extension of less width than the main building, the same may be 
 increased in width to the lull width of the main building, with the 
 same kind of material and to the same height as the main building. 
 Any such building may be extended either on the front or rear to a 
 depth of not more than 15 feet and not more than the width of the 
 building, and not more than two stories and basement in height, with 
 the same kind of material as the building. Any frame building sit- 
 uated in a row of frame buildings may be increased in height to con- 
 form to the height of adjoining buildings. Tf any block situated 
 within the fire limits has 00 per cent, of the buildings located thereon 
 constructed of frame, any vacant lot situated therein may have a 
 frame building placed thereon provided the same be not more than 
 two stories and basement in height and is to be used for residence 
 purposes only. If any building shall have been built before the 
 street upon which it is located is graded, or if the grade is altered, 
 such building may be raised or lowered to meet the requirements of 
 such grade. The restrictions contained in this section shall not pro- 
 hibit one-story and basement frame dwelling houses from being in- 
 creased one additional story in height. Within the fire limits no 
 frame building more than two stories in height, now used as a dwell- 
 ing, shall hereafter be raised or altered to be used as a factory, ware- 
 house or stable. 
 
 No wood building within or without the lire limits shall be moved 
 from one lot to another until a statement setting forth the purposes 
 of said removal and the uses to which said building is to be applied is 
 filed in the Department of Buildings, and a permit be first obtained 
 therefor. No wood building shall be moved from without to within 
 the fire limits. 
 
 Within the lire limits no brick building shall be enlarged or built 
 upon unless the exterior walls of said addition or enlargement be con- 
 structed of incombustible materials; provided, however, that such 
 brick building may be raised, lowered or altered under the same cir- 
 cumstances and in the manner provided for in this section. 
 
 Part 27 — Fire Limits. 
 
 Sec. ,143. Fire Limits — No frame or wood structure shall be built 
 hereafter in The City of New York within the following limits: 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 225 
 
 In the Borough of Manhattan — Within the Following 
 Described Lines. 
 
 Beginning at a point on the North River at the Battery and run- 
 ning thence northerly along the pier headline to a point 100 feet 
 north of the northerly side of One Hundred and Sixty-fifth street, 
 and running thence easterly 100 feet north of the northerly side of 
 One Hundred and Sixty-fifth street to a point 100 feet west of the 
 westerly side of Broadway; thence northerly on a line drawn always 
 100 feet west of the westerly side of Broadway to the bulkhead line 
 of the Harlem river; thence southerly along the bulkhead line of the 
 Harlem river to the Bronx Kills; thence easterly along the bulkhead 
 line of the Bronx Kills to the East river; thence southerly along the 
 East river, passing to the east of Blackwell's Island; and thence con- 
 tinuing by the pierhead line of the East river to the place of begin- 
 ning. 
 
 In the Borough of the Bronx — Within the Following Described Lines. 
 
 Beginning at a point on the eastern bulkhead of the Harlem river 
 100 feet south of East One Hundred and Sixty-first street; running 
 thence easterly and parallel with East One Hundred and Sixty-first 
 street to the east side of Sheridan avenue and 100 feet therefrom; 
 thence north on the east side of Sheridan avenue to a point 100 feet 
 north of East One Hundred and Sixty-first street; thence easterly and 
 parallel to East One Hundred and Sixty-first street and 100 feet there- 
 from to a point 100 feet west of Park avenue; thence northeasterly 
 and parallel to Park avenue and 100 feet therefrom to a point distant 
 100 feet west of Webster avenue; thence northerly and parallel to 
 Webster avenue and 100 feet therefrom to a point 100 feet northerly 
 of East One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street; thence easterly and 
 parallel to East One Hundred and Seventy-seventh street and 100 feet 
 therefrom to Third avenue; thence southerly along the westerly 
 boundary line of Crotona Park, and thence easterly along the souther- 
 ly boundary line of Crotona Park, to a point distant 100 feet east of 
 Prospect avenue; thence along Prospect avenue and 100 feet east 
 therefrom to Westchester avenue; thence along Westchester avenue 
 and 100 feet east therefrom to the easterly line of Robbins avenue; 
 thence southerly and parallel to Robbins avenue 100 feet east there- 
 from to the port Morris Branch Railroad; thence easterly along the 
 Port Morris Branch Railroad to the East river; thence southwesterly 
 along the East river, northwesterly along the Bronx Kills, and nort i 
 erly along the Harlem river to the point of beginning. 
 In the Borough of Brooklyn — Within the Following Described Lines. 
 
 Beginning at a point formed by the intersection of Sixtieth 
 street and New York Bay; thence running easterly on a line draws 
 
226 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ico feet south of and parallel with the southerly line of Sixtieth 
 street to Sixth avenue; thence running northerly on a line drawn 100 
 feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Sixth avenue to 
 1 hirty-sixth street; thence running westerly through the centre line 
 of Thirty-sixth street to Fifth avenue; thence running northerly 
 through the centre line of Fifth avenue to Twenty-fourth street; 
 thence running easterly through the centre line of Twenty-fourth 
 street to Sixth avenue; thence running northerly through the centre 
 line of Sixth avenue to Twenty-third street; thence running easterly 
 through the centre line of Twenty-third street to Seventh avenue; 
 thence running northerly through the centre line of Seventh avenue 
 to Twentieth street; thence running easterly through the centre line 
 of Twentieth street to Ninth avenue, or Prospect Park West; thence 
 running northerly through the centre line of Ninth avenue, or Pro- 
 spect Park West, to Prospect avenue; thence running easterly through 
 the centre line of Prospect avenue to Eleventh avenue; thence run- 
 ning northerly through the centre line of Eleventh avenue to Fif- 
 teenth street; thence running westerly through the centre line of 
 Fifteenth street to Ninth avenue, or Prospect Park West; thence 
 northerly through the centre line of Ninth avenue, or Prospect Park 
 West, to Flatbush avenue; thence southerly along the centre line of 
 Flatbush avenue to Ocean avenue; thence southerly on a line drawn 
 100 feet west of and parallel with the west side of Flatbush avenue 
 to Avenue E; thence easterly through the centre line of Avenue E to 
 Flatbush avenue; thence northwesterly on a line drawn 100 feet east 
 of and parallel with the easterly side of Flatbush avenue to Franklin 
 avenue; thence northerly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel 
 with the easterly side of Franklin avenue to Crown street; thence 
 easterly on a line drawn 100 feet south of and parallel with the south- 
 erly side of Crown street to East New York avenue; thence easterly 
 on a line drawn 100 feet south of and parallel with the southerly side 
 of East New York avenue to Gillen place; thence northerly on a line 
 drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Gillen 
 place to Broadway; thence northerly on a line drawn 100 feet east 
 of and parallel with the east side of Broadway to Pilling street; 
 thence easterly through the centre line of Pilling street to Central 
 avenue; thence westerly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel 
 with the easterly side of Central avenue to Flushing avenue; thence 
 westerly from a line drawn 100 feet north of and parallel with the 
 northerly side of Flushing avenue to Bushwick avenue; thence north- 
 erly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the easterly 
 side of Bushwick avenue to Metropolitan avenue; thence easterly on 
 a line drawn 100 feet south of and parallel with the northerly side of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 227 
 
 Metropolitan avenue to Graham avenue; thence northerly on a line 
 drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of Graham 
 avenue to Skillman avenue; thence westerly on a line drawn 100 feet 
 north of and parallel with the westerly side of Skillman avenue to 
 Union avenue; thence northerly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and 
 parallel with the easterly side of Union avenue to North Ninth 
 street; thence northwesterly on a line drawn 100 feet northeast of 
 and parallel with the northeasterly side of North Ninth street to 
 Bedford avenue; thence easterly on a line drawn 100 feet south of 
 and parallel with the southerly side of Bedford avenue to North 
 Eleventh street; thence northwesterly to a line drawn 100 feet north- 
 east of and parallel with the northeasterly side of North Eleventh 
 street to the East river; thence to Van Brunt street; thence north- 
 easterly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the south- 
 erly side of King street to Columbia street; thence northeasterly on 
 a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the easterly side of 
 Columbia street to Luquer street; thence easterly on a line drawn 
 100 feet south of and parallel with the southerly side of Luquer street 
 to Hamilton avenue; thence southerly on a line drawn 100 feet west 
 of and parallel with the west side of Hamilton avenue to Court 
 street; thence southwesterly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and 
 parallel with the easterly side of Court street to Gowanus Bay and 
 New York Bay to the point or place of beginning. 
 
 Also beginning at a point formed by the intersection of East 
 river and Noble street; thence running easterly on a line drawn 100 
 feet south of and parallel with the southerly side of Noble street to 
 Lorimer street; thence southerly on a line drawn 100 feet west of and 
 parallel with the westerly side of Lorimer street to Nassau avenue; 
 thence easterly on a line drawn 100 feet south of and parallel with 
 the southerly side of Nassau avenue to Oakland street; thence north- 
 erly on a line drawn 100 feet east of and parallel with the easterly 
 side of Oakland street to Newtown creek, to the East river, to the 
 point or place of beginning. 
 
 In that part of the Twenty-ninth Ward bounded by Coney Island 
 avenue on the west, by New York avenue on the east and by the 
 lines of said ward on the north and south, no row of two or more 
 attached frame stores, dwellings or buildings shall be permitted to be 
 erected; and no frame house or building shall be erected on any lot 
 or building plot covering more than 80 per cent, in width of any 
 such lot or building plot. 
 
 Resolved, That the Department of Buildings be and it hereby is 
 requested to extend the tire limits in the Eighth Ward, Borough oi 
 Brooklyn, to include the territory between the south side of Forty- 
 
228 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 fifth street and the north side of Sixtieth street, and the easterly 
 side of Sixth avenue and the westerly side of Seventh avenue. 
 
 Any frame building erected hereafter in the territory included 
 within the following boundary— all in the Thirtieth Ward of the 
 Borough of Brooklyn— namely: Beginning at the Shore road and 
 Bay Ridge avenue, along Bay Ridge avenue, including both sides of 
 said avenue, to Fourteenth avenue; along Fourteenth avenue, includ- 
 ing both sides, to Eighty-sixth street; along Eighty-sixth street, in- 
 cluding both sides, to Third avenue; along Third avenue, including 
 both sides, to Ninety-second street; along Ninety-second street, in- 
 cluding both sides, to Shore road; along the said" Shore road to the 
 point of beginning — shall not occupy more than eighty (80) per 
 cent, in width of the lot on which said building is erected. 
 In "the Borough of Queens— Within the Following Described Lines. 
 
 Bounded on the south by Newtown creek, on the north by the 
 southerly line of Nott avenue; on the west by the East river, and on 
 the east by the westerly line of Van Alst avenue. 
 
 Part 28 — Frame Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 144. Frame Structures Within the Fire Limits — The pro- 
 visions, in this section contained, shall apply to buildings and struc- 
 tures, whether temporary or permanent, within the fire limits, as the 
 said fire limits now are or may hereafter be established. 
 
 Temporary one-story frame buildings may be erected for the 
 use of builders, within the limits of lots whereon buildings are in 
 course of erection, or on adjoining vacant lots, upon permits issued 
 by the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction. 
 
 Temporary structures shall be taken to mean and include plat- 
 forms, stands, election booths, temporary buildings and circus tents. 
 
 Sheds of wood not over fifteen feet high, open on at least one side, 
 with the sides and roof thereof covered with fireproof material, may 
 also be built, but a fence shall not be used as the back or side thereof. 
 Such sheds shall not cover an area exceeding two thousand five hun- 
 dred square feet, except by permission of the Board of Buildings. 
 
 Fences, signs or bill-boards shall not be at any point 10 feet 
 above and adjoining ground: except that when any fence, sign or bill- 
 board shall be constructed entirely of metal or of wood covered on 
 all sides with sheet metal, including the uprights, supports and braces 
 for same, it shall not be at any point over 18 feet 6 inches above the 
 adjoining ground- 
 Any letter, word, model, sign, device or representation in the 
 nature of an advertisement, announcement or direction, supported or 
 attached, wholly or in part, over or above any wall, building or struc- 
 ture, shall be deemed to be a "sky sign." 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sky signs shall be constructed entirely of metal, including the 
 uprights, supports and braces for same, and shall not be at any point 
 over 9 feet above the front wall or cornice of the building or struc- 
 ture to which they are attached or by which they are supported. 
 
 All fences, signs, bill-boards and sky signs shall be erected en- 
 tirely within the building line, and be properly secured, supported and 
 braced, and shall be so constructed as not to be or become dan- 
 gerous. 
 
 Before the erection of any fence, sign, bill-board or sky sign 
 shall shall have been commenced, a permit for the erection of the 
 same shall be obtained from the Superintendent of Buildings hav- 
 ing jurisdiction, as provided in part 2, section 4, of this Code. Each 
 application for the erection of any fence, sign, bill-board or sky sign, 
 shall be accompanied by a written consent of the owner or owners, 
 or the lessee or lessees of the property upon which it is to be 
 erected. 
 
 Piazzas or balconies of wood on buildings other than frame 
 buildings which do not exceed 8 feet in width, and which do not ex- 
 tend more than 3 feet above the second story floor beams, may be 
 erected, provided a permit from the Commissioner of Buildings hav- 
 ing jurisdiction, be granted therefor. In connected houses such 
 piazzas or balconies may be built, provided the same are open on 
 the front and have brick ends not less than 8 inches thick, carried 
 up above the roof of such piazza or bancony, and coped with stone. 
 The roofs of all piazzas shall be covered with some fireproof ma- 
 terial. Frame buildings already erected may have placed on any 
 story piazzas, balconies or bay-windows of wood, the roofs of which 
 may be covered with the same material as the roof of the main 
 building. 
 
 Exterior privies, and wood or coal houses, not exceeding 150 
 square feet in superficial area and 8 feet high, may be built of wood, 
 but the roofs thereof must be covered with metal, gravel or slate. 
 
 Sec. 145. Frame Buildings Damaged — Every wood or frame 
 building with a brick or other front within the fire limits, which may 
 hereafter be damaged to an amount not greater than one-half of the 
 value thereof, exclusive of the valuation of the foundation thereof, at 
 the time of such damage, may be repaired or rebuilt; but if such 
 damage shall amount to more than one-half of such value thereof, 
 exclusive of the value of the foundation, then such building shall not 
 be repaired or rebuilt, but shall be taken down, except as provided 
 in this Code. In case the owner of the damaged building shall be 
 dissatisfied with the decision of the Commissioner of Buildings hav- 
 ing jurisdiction that such building is damaged to a greater extent 
 
230 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 than one-half of its value, exclusive of the value of the foundation, 
 then the amount and extent of such damage shall be determined 
 upon an examination of the building by one Surveyor, who shall be 
 appointed by the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, and 
 one Surveyor who shall be appointed by the owner or owners of said 
 premises. In case these two Surveyors do not agree, they shall ap- 
 point a third Surveyor to take part in such examination, and a de- 
 cision of a majority of them reduced to writing and sworn to, shall be 
 conclusive, and such building shall in no manner be repaired or re- 
 built until after such decision shall have been rendered. 
 
 Sec. 146. Frame Buildings Outside of Fire Limits — The provi- 
 sions of this section shall apply to frame, or other buildings here- 
 after erected outside of the fire limits, as the same are now or may 
 hereafter be established, in portions of The City of New York where 
 streets are now and where they may hereafter be legally established. 
 Three-story frame buildings may be erected to a height of 40 feet, 
 said height being taken from the curb-line, where same exists, at 
 centre of front or side of building on which main entrance to upper 
 floors is located. Where the walls of a building do not adjoin the 
 street then the average level of the ground on which the building 
 stands may be taken in place of the curb-fine. The measurement for 
 height shall be to the highest point of roof beams in case of flat roof 
 buildings, and to the average height of gable or roof in case of 
 pitched roofs. Towers, turrets and minarets of wood may be erect- 
 ed to a height not to exceed 15 feet greater than the foregoing limited 
 height, except that the spires of churches may be erected of wood to 
 a height not exceeding 90 feet from the ground. All footings or bot- 
 tom stones shall be at least 6 inches wider on each side than bot- 
 tom width of foundation walls above, except where the outside of 
 the foundation wall sets on the property line, in which case 6 inches 
 wider on the inside shall be sufficient. The thickness of footings 
 shall be not less than 8 inches, if of stone, and not less than 12 inches 
 if of concrete. 
 
 Foundations for frame structures shall be laid not less than 4 
 feet below the surface of the earth or where there is rock bottom, or 
 piles or ranging timbers where found necessary. The foundation 
 walls of frame structures exceeding 15 feet in height, if of stone, 
 shall be not less than 18 inches thick, and if of brick not less than 12 
 inches to the grade and 8 inches thick to the first tier of beams and 
 8 inches thick to the under side of the sill. If the foundation and 
 first story walls are constructed of brick the foundation walls shall 
 be not less than 12 inches thick to the first tier of beams and 8 inches 
 thick from first tier to second tier of beams; or if these walls are 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 231 
 
 constructed of stone they shall be not less than 20 inchs for the 
 foundation wall and 18 inches for the first story wall; and if the 
 walls are faced with stone ashlar the total thickness shall be 4 
 inches greater than in this section specified. In the foundation walls 
 there may be recesses not more than 8 feet long for stairs, with brick 
 walls not less than 8 inches thick. All chimneys in frame buildings 
 shall be built of brick or stone or other fireproof material. If of 
 brick the flues shall have walls at least 8 inches thick, except where 
 flues are lined with burnt-clay pipe, in which case the walls around 
 flues may be 4 inches thick. All flue linings shall extend at least I 
 foot above the roof boards. Where chimneys are built of stone the 
 walls of the flues shall be not less than 8 inches on all sides, and shall 
 be lined with burnt-clay pipe. All chimneys shall be topped out at 
 least 4 feet above the highest point of contact with the roof, and be 
 properly capped. Chimneys in party walls or serving two rooms on 
 the same floor may be built in the walls or partitions; elsewhere/they 
 shall be built inside of the frame, except in the case of ornamental or 
 exposed chimneys. In no case shall a frame building be erected 
 within 3 feet of the side or rear line of a lot, unless the space between 
 the studs on any such side be filled in solidly with not less than 2 1-2 
 inches of brickwork or other fireproof material. When two or more 
 such buildings are built continuous, the party or division studding 
 shall be not less than 4 inches thick and filled in solidly with brick- 
 work or other fireproof material extending to the under side of roof 
 boards, and the ends of the floor beams shall be so separated that 4 
 inches of brick will be between the beams where they rest on said 
 walls. The sills of all frame dwellings, except where the first floor 
 is used for store or business purposes, shall be not less than 2 feet 
 above the ground to the under side of same. All frame or wood 
 buildings exceeding a height of 15 feet shall be built with sills, posts, 
 girts, plates and rafters, all of suitable size and properly framed and 
 braced with suitable studs or planks set at proper distance apart; but 
 this shall not prohibit the use of balloon framing. The floor beams 
 and rafters shall be not less than 2 inches in thickness. The covering 
 of roof may be of shingle. The walls of light, vent and dumb-waiter 
 shafts, whether exterior or interior,, in frame buildings, may be con- 
 structed of frame. Posts or locust or other hard wood and wood 
 girders may be used instead of brick fore-and-aft partitions in cellars 
 of frame buildings, and it shall not be necessary to use metal or wire 
 lath for the ceilings of cellars or lowest floors of any frame building. 
 The cellar stairs in frame buildings may be placed directly under 
 main stairs, and no brick wall shall be necessary to inclose the same; 
 nor shall areas be required to be built across the front of frame 
 
232 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 buildings except where the cellar or basement is used for living pur- 
 poses. The regulations governing plumbing, drainage and heating, 
 also steam and hot-air pipes and registers, where same extend 
 through or along stud partitions, shall also apply to frame buildings. 
 Frame buildings may be altered, extended, raised, or repaired, provid- 
 ed the new portions comply with the provisions of this section. Xo 
 frame building exceeding 3 stories in height shall hereafter be erect- 
 ed to be occupied by more than 6 families, nor shall any frame build- 
 ing already erected be altered to be occupied by more than six fami- 
 lies, nor more than three stories in height. Outside of the fire limits, 
 when any brick or stone buildings is to be erected of a class that 
 could, under this Code, be constructed of wood, the Commissioner 
 of Buildings having jurisdiction is hereby authorized and directed to 
 allow reasonable modifications of this Code relating to brick build- 
 ings, in consideration of incombustible material being used for walls 
 instead of wood. 
 
 Sec. 147. Frame Buildings; Where Streets Are Not Established 
 — Within portions of The City of New York where streets have not 
 been or are not legally established and are outside of the prescribed 
 fire limits, no building or structure other than small outhouses shall 
 be erected without first filing plans and a detailed statement Of the 
 proposed construction and obtaining an approval therefore, as pro- 
 vided in section 4 of this Code. Within the said portions of The 
 City of New York, hotels, tenement houses for occupancy by not 
 more than six families, and places of public assembly may be built of 
 wood, shall' in all other respects comply with the several provisions 
 of this Code relating to such structures; but for all other buildings 
 or .structures only so much of the requirements, regulations and re- 
 strictions of this Code shall apply as in the opinion of the Commis- 
 sioner of Buildings having jurisdiction may be necessary for the 
 safety and health. The purpose of this section is to permit greater 
 freedom in construction and in plumbing and drainage of buildings 
 in the outlying and undeveloped portions of The City of New York 
 than in those portions where a street system has been adopted by the 
 municipality or established by law. 
 
 Part 29 — Appeals and Modifications of Law. 
 
 Sec. 148. The Board of Buildings — Each Commissioner of Build- 
 ings shall have power, with the approval of the Board, to vary or 
 modify any rule or regulation of the Board of the provisions of Chap- 
 ter 12 of the Greater New York Charter of any existing law or ordi- 
 nance relating to the construction, alteration or removal of any build- 
 ing or structure erected or to be erected within his jurisdiction, pur- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 233 
 
 suant to the provisions of section 650 of the Greater New York Char- 
 ter. 
 
 Sec. 149. Board of Examiners — The Board of Examiners for the 
 Boroughs of Manhattan and TheBronx shall be constituted as pre- 
 scribed by section 649 of the Greater New York Charter. Each of 
 said Examiners shall take the usual oath of office before entering 
 upon his duties. No member of said Board shall pass upon any ques- 
 tion in which he is pecuniarily interested. The said Board shall meet 
 as often as once in each week upon notice from the Commissioner of 
 Buildings. 
 
 The members of said Board of Examiners, and the Clerk of said 
 Board, shall each be entitled to and shall receive $10 for each attend- 
 ance at a meeting of said Board, to be paid by the Comptroller from 
 the annual appropriation to be made therefor upon the voucher of 
 the Commissioner of Buildings for the Boroughs of Manhattan and 
 The Bronx. 
 
 Part 30 — Violations and Penalties. Courts Having Jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 150. Violations and Penalties — The owner or owners of any 
 building, structure or part thereof, or wall, or any platform, staging 
 or Mooring, to be used for standing or seating purposes where any 
 violation of this Code shall be placed, or shall exist, and any architect, 
 builder, plumber, carpenter or mason who may be employed or as- 
 sist in the commission of any such violation, and any and all per- 
 sons who shall violate any of the provisions of this Code or fail to 
 comply therewith, or any requirement thereof, or who shall violate or 
 fail- to comply with, any order or regulation made thereunder, or who 
 shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or 
 plans, submitted and approved thereunder, or of any certificate or 
 permit issued thereunder, shall severally, for each and every violation 
 and non-compliance, respectively, forfeit and pay a penalty in the 
 sum of $50. Except that any such person who shall violate any of 
 the provisions of this Code, as to the construction of chimneys, fire- 
 places, flues, hot-air pipes and furnaces, or who shall violate any of 
 the provisions of this Code, with reference to the framing or trim- 
 ming of timbers, girders, beams or other woodwork in proximity to 
 chimney flues or fire-places, shall forfeit and pay a penalty m the 
 sum of $100. But if any said violation shall be removed or be in pro- 
 cess of removal within ten days after the service of a notice as here- 
 inafter prescribed, the liability of such a penalty shall cease, and the 
 Corporation Counsel, on request of the Commissioner of Buildings 
 having jurisdiction, shall discontinue any action pending to recover 
 the same, upon such removal or the completion thereof within a rea- 
 
234 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 sonable time. Any and all of the afore-mentioned persons who hav- 
 ing been served with a notice as hereinafter prescribed, to remove 
 any violation, or comply with any requirement of this Code or with 
 any order or regulation made thereunder, shall fail to comply with 
 said notice within ten days after such service or shall continue to 
 violate any requirement of this Code in the respect named in said 
 notice shall pay a penalty of $250. For the recovery of any said pen- 
 alty or penalties an action may be brought in any municipal court, 
 or court of record, in said City in the name of The City of New 
 York; and whenever any judgment shall be rendered therefor, the 
 same shall be collected- and enforced, as prescribed and directed by 
 the Code of Civil Procedure of the State of New York. The Com- 
 missioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, through the Corporation 
 Counsel, is hereby authorized, in his discretion, good and sufficient 
 cause being shown therefor, to remit any line or fines, penalty or 
 penalties, which any person or persons may have incurred, or may 
 hereafter incur, under any of the provisions of this Code; but no fine 
 or penalty shall be remitted for any such violation until the violation 
 shall have been removed. Said remission shall also operate as the 
 remission of the costs obtained in such action. 
 
 Sec. 151. Courts Having Jurisdiction — All courts of civil juris- 
 diction in The City of New York shall have cognizance of and juris- 
 diction over any and all suits and proceedings by this Code author- 
 ized to be brought for the recovery of any penalty and the enforce- 
 ment of any of the several provisions of this Code, and shall give 
 preference to such suits and proceedings over all others, and no court 
 shall lose jurisdiction of any action by reason of a plea that the title 
 to real estate is involved, provided the object of the action is to re- 
 cover a penalty for the violation of any of the provisions of this Code, 
 The Corporation Counsel is authorized to institute any and all ac- 
 tions and proceedings, either legal or equitable that may be appro- 
 priate or necessary for the enforcement of the provisions of this 
 Code, and all civil courts in said City are hereby invested with full 
 legal and equitable jurisdiction to hear, try and determine all such ac- 
 tions and proceedings, and to make appropriate orders and render 
 judgment therein according to law, so as to give force and effect to 
 the provisions of this Code. Whenever the Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction is satisfied that any building or structure, or 
 any portion thereof, or any drainage or plumbing, the erection, con- 
 struction or alteration, execution or repair of which is regulated, per- 
 mitted or forbidden by this Code, is being erected, constructed, altered 
 or repaired, in violation of, or not in compliance with, any of the 
 provisions or requirements of this Code, or in violation of any detailed 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 235 
 
 statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereun- 
 der, or of any certificate or permit issued thereunder, or that any pro- 
 vision or requirement of this Code, or any order or direction made 
 thereunder has not been complied with, or that plans and specifica- 
 tions for plumbing and drainage have not been submitted or filed as 
 required by this Code, the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdic- 
 tion may in his discretion, through the Corporation Counsel, institute 
 any appropriate action or proceeding at law or in equity to restrain, 
 correct or remove such violation, or the execution of any work there- 
 on, or to restrain or correct the erection or alteraion of, or to require 
 the removal of, or to prevent the occupation or use of the building or 
 structure erected, constructed or altered, in violation of, or not in 
 compliance with, any of the provisions of this Code, or of any order 
 or direction made pursuant to any provisions contained in this Code, 
 shall not have been complied with. In any such action or proceeding 
 The City of New York may, in the discretion of the Commissioner of 
 Buildings having jurisdiction and on his affidavit setting forth the 
 facts, apply to any court of record in said City or to a judge or justice 
 thereof, for an order enjoining and restraining all persons from doing, 
 or causing or permitting to be done, any work in or upon such build- 
 ing or structure, or in or upon such part thereof as may be designated 
 in said affidavit, or from occupying or using said building or structure, 
 or such portion thereof as may be designated in said affidavit for any 
 purpose whatever, until the hearing and determination of said action 
 and the entry of final judgment therein. The court, or judge or justice 
 thereof, to whom such application is made, is hereby authorized 
 forthwith to make any or all of the orders above specified, as may be 
 required in such application, with or without notice, and to make such 
 other or further orders or directions as may be necessary to render 
 the same effectual. No officer of said Department of Buildings act- 
 ing in good faith and without malice shall be liable for damages by 
 reason of anything done in any such action or proceeding. No under- 
 taking shall be required as a condition to the grating or issuing of 
 such injunction order, or by reason thereof. All courts in which any 
 suit or proceeding is instituted under this Code shall, upon the rendi- 
 tion of a verdict, report of a referee, or decision of a judge or justice, 
 render judgment in accordance therewith; and the said judgment, so 
 rendered, shall be and become a lien upon the premises named in the 
 complaint in any such action, to date from the time of filing in a 
 County Clerk's office in The City of New Y r ork, where the property 
 affected by such action, suit, or proceeding, is located, of a notice of 
 lis pendens therein; which lien .may be enforced against said property, 
 in every respect, nothwithstanding the same may be transferred subse- 
 
236 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 quent to the filing of the said notice. Said notice of lis pendens subse- 
 consist of a copy of the notice issued by the Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction requiring the removal of the violation and a 
 notice of the suit or proceedings instituted or to be insituted thereon, 
 and said notice of lis pendens may be filed at any time after the ser- 
 vice of the notice issued by the Commissioner of Buildings as afore- 
 said, provided he may deem the same to be necessary, or is satisfied 
 that the owner of the property is about to transfer the same to avoid 
 responsibility for having violated the provisions of this Code or some 
 one of its provisions. Any notice of lis pendens filed pursuant to the 
 provisions of this Code may be vacated and canceled of record; upon 
 an order of a judge or justice of the court in which such suit or pro- 
 ceeding was instituted or is pending, or upon the consent in writing 
 of the Corporation Counsel, and the clerk of the said county where 
 such notice is filed, is hereby directed and required to mark any such 
 notice of lis pendens and any record or docket thereof as vacated and 
 canceled of record, upon the presentation and filing of a certified copy 
 of an order as aforesaid, or of the consent, in writing, of said Cor- 
 poration Counsel, in no case shall the said Department of Buildiners, 
 or any officer thereof, or the Corporation of The City of New York, 
 or any defendant, be liable for costs in any action, suit or proceedings 
 that may have been, or may hereafter be, instituted or commenced in 
 pursuance of this Code, unless specially ordered and allowed against 
 any defendant or defendants, by a court of justice, in the course of 
 such action, suit or proceeding. 
 
 Sec. 152. Notice of Violations of Code; Service of Papers — All 
 notices of the violation of any of the provisions of this Code, and all 
 notices directing anything to be done, required by this Code, and all 
 other notices that may be required or authorized to be issued thereun- 
 der, including notice that any building, structure, premises, or any 
 part thereof, are deemed unsafe or dangerous, shall be issued by the 
 Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, and shall have his 
 name affixed thereto and may be served by any officer or employee of 
 the Department of Buildings or by any person authorized by the said 
 Department. All such notices, and any notice or order issued by any 
 court in any proceeding instituted pursuant to this Code to restrain or 
 remove any violation, or to enforce compliance with any provision or 
 requirement of this Code, may be served by delivering to and leaving 
 a copy of the same with any person or persons violating, or who may 
 be liable under any of the several provisions of this Code, or to whom 
 the same may be addressed, and if such person or persons cannot be 
 found after diligent search shall have been made for him or them, 
 then such notice or order may be served by posting the same in a con- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 237 
 
 spicuous place upon the premises where such violation is alleged ta 
 have been placed or to exist, or to which such notice or order may 
 refer, or which may be deemed unsafe or dangerous, which shall be 
 equivalent to a personal service of said notice or order upon all parties 
 for whom such search shall have been made. Such notice or order 
 shall contain a description of the building, premises or property on 
 which such violation shall have been put or may exist, or which may 
 be deemed unsafe or dangerous, or to which such notice or order may 
 refer. If the person or persons or any of them, to whom said notice 
 or order is addressed, do not reside in the State of New York, and 
 have no known place of business therein, the same may be served by 
 delivering to and leaving with such person or persons, or either of 
 them, a copy of said notice or order, or if said person or persons can- 
 not be found within said State after diligent search, then by posting 
 a copy of same in manner as aforesaid and depositing a copy there- 
 of in a post office in The City of New Y T ork, inclosed in a sealed 
 wrapper addressed to said person or persons at his or their last known 
 place of residence, with the postage paid thereon; and said posting 
 and mailing of a copy of said notice, or order shall be equivalent to 
 personal service of said notice or order. 
 
 Part 31 — Unsafe Buildings, Surveys, Court Proceedings. 
 
 Sec. 153. Unsafe Buildings — Any building or buildings, part or 
 parts of a building, staging or other structure in The City of New 
 York, that trom any cause may now be, or shall at any time hereafter 
 become dangerous or unsafe, may be taken down and removed, or 
 made safe and secure, in the manner following: Immediately upon 
 such unsafe or dangerous building or buildings, or part or parts of a 
 building, staging or structure being so reported by any of the offi- 
 cers of said Department of Buildings, the same shall be immediately 
 entered upon a docket of unsafe buildings to be kept by the Commis- 
 sioner of Buildings having jurisdiction; and the owner or some one of 
 the owners, executors, administrators, agents, lessees or any other 
 person or persons who may have a vested or contingent interest in 
 the same, may be served with a printed or written notice containing a 
 description of the premises or structure deemed unsafe or dangerous, 
 requiring he same to be made safe and secure, or removed, as the 
 same may be deemed necessary by the Commissioner of Buildings 
 having jurisdiction, which said notice shall require the person or per- 
 sons thus served to immediately certify to the said Commissiojier his 
 or their assent or refusal to secure or remove the same. 
 
 Sec. 154. Surveys on Unsafe Buildings — If the person or persons 
 so served with notice shall immediately certify his or their assent ta 
 
238 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 the securing or removal of said unsafe or dangerous buildings, prem- 
 ises or structure, he or they shall be allowed until i o'clock p. m. of 
 the day following the service of such notice, in which to commence 
 the securing or removal of the same; and he or they shall employ suf- 
 ficient labor and assistance to secure or remove the same as expediti- 
 ously as the same can be done; but upon his or their refusal or neg- 
 lect to comply with any of the requirements of said notice so served 
 a further notice shall be served upon the person or persons hereto- 
 fore prescribed, notifying him or them that a survey of the premises 
 named in the said notice will be made at the time and place therein 
 named, which time may not be less than twenty-four hours nor more 
 than three days from the time or the service of said notice, by three 
 competent persons, one of whom shall be the Commissioner of Build- 
 ings having jurisdiction, or a Superintendent of Buildings or an In- 
 spector, designated in writing by said Commissoner, another of whom 
 shall be an architect, appointed by the Xew York Chapter of the 
 American Institute of Architects for the Boroughs of Manhattan, The 
 Bronx and Richmond, and by the Brooklyn Chapter of the American 
 Institute of Architects for the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, de- 
 pending upon the borough or boroughs in which the property is lo- 
 cated, another of whom shall be appointed by the person or persons 
 thus notified, and who shall be a practical builder or architect, upon 
 whose neglect or refusal to appoint such surveyor, however, the said 
 other two surveyors may make such survey, and in case of a disagree- 
 ment of the latter, they shall appoint a third person to take part in 
 such survey, who shall also be a practical builder or architect of at 
 least ten years' practice, and the decision of the said surveyor shall 
 be final; and that in case the said premises shall be reported unsafe or 
 dangerous under such survey, the said report will be placed before a 
 court therein named having jurisdiction to the extent of $1,000, and 
 that a trial upon the allegations and statements in said report be 
 the report of said surveyors more or less than is contained in the 
 said notice of survey, will be had before said court at a time and place 
 therein named, to determine whether said unsafe or dangerous build- 
 ing or premises shall be repaired and secured or taken down and re- 
 moved, and a report of said survey, reduced to writing, shall consti- 
 tute the issue to be placed before the court for trial. A copy of said 
 report of survey shall be posted on the building by the persons hold- 
 ing the survey, immediately on their signing the same. The architect 
 appointed by the Chapters of the American Institute of Architects as 
 here'nbefore provided who may act on any survey called in accord- 
 ance with the provisions of this Code, shall be entitled to and receive 
 the sum of $25, to be paid by the Comptroller upon the voucher of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 the Board of Buildings. And a cause of action is hereby created for 
 the benefit of The City of New York against the owner or owner- of 
 said building, staging or structure, and of the lot or parcel of land • n 
 which the same is situated, for the amount so paid with interest, 
 which shall be prosecuted in the name of The City of New Y^ork by 
 the Corporation Counsel. The amount so collected shall be paid over 
 to the Comptroller in reimbursement of the amounts paid by him as 
 aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 155. Court Procedings — Whenever jthe report of any such 
 survey had as aforesaid shall recite that the building, premises or 
 structure thus surveyed is unsafe or dangerous, the Corporation 
 Counsel of The City of New York shall at the time in the said notice 
 named, place said notice and report before the Judge or Justice hold- 
 ing a Special Term of the Court, in the said notice named, which said 
 Judge or Justice shall immediately proceed to obtain and impanel a 
 jury, and to the trial of said issue before said jury, whose verdict 
 shall be exclusive and final, and shall try said issue without adjourn- 
 ment, except as may be necessary from day to day, giving precedence 
 to the trial of this issue over every other business, and said Judge or 
 Justice shall have power to impanel a jury for that purpose from any 
 jurors in attendance upon said Court, or in case sufficient jurors shall 
 not be in attendance, then from any jurors that may be summoned 
 for that purpose, and said Judge or Justice shall have power to sum- 
 mon jurors for that purpose, and any such suit or proceeding com- 
 menced before a Judge or Justice may be continued before another 
 Judge or Justice of the same Court; a jury trial may be waived by the 
 default of the defendant or defendants to appear at the time and place 
 named in the said notice, or by agreement, and in such case the trial 
 may be by Court, Judge, Justice or. Referee, whose report or decision 
 in the matter shall be final; and upon the rendition of a verdict or 
 decision of the Court, Judge, Justice or Referee, if the said verdict or 
 decision shall find the said building, premises or structure to be un- 
 safe or dangerous, the Judge or Justice trying said cause, or to whom 
 the report of the Referee trying said cause shall be presented, shall 
 immediately issue a precept out of said Court, directed to the Com- 
 missioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, reciting said verdict or de- 
 cision, and commanding him forthwith to repair and secure or take 
 down or remove, as the case may be, in accordance with said verdict 
 or decision, said unsafe or dangerous building, buildings, part or 
 parts thereof, staging, structure or other premises that shall have 
 been named in the said report, and said Commissioner of Buildings 
 shall immediately thereupon proceed to execute said precept as there- 
 in directed, and may employ such labor and assistance and furnish 
 
240 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 such materials as may be necessary for that purpose, and after having 
 done so said Commissioner of Buildings shall make return of said 
 precept, with an endorsement of the action thereunder and the cost 
 and expenses thereby incurred, to the Judge or Justice then holding 
 the said Special Term of the said Court, and thereupon said Judge or 
 Justice shall tax and adjust the amount indorsed upon said precept, 
 and shall adjust and allow disbursements of said proceeding, together 
 with the preliminary expenses of searches and surveys, which shall be 
 inserted in the judgment in said action or proceeding, and shall ren- 
 der judgement for such amount, and for the sale of the said premises 
 in the said notice named, together with all the right, title and interest 
 that the person or persons, or either of them, named in the said 
 notice had in the plot, ground or land upon which the said building 
 or structure was placed, at the time of the tiling of a notice of lis 
 pendens in the said proceedings, or at the time of the entry of judg- 
 ment therein to satisfy the same, which shall be in the same manner 
 and with like effect as sales under judgment in foreclosure of mort- 
 gages, and in and about all preliminary proceedings as well as the 
 tarrying into effect any order of the Court or any precept issued by 
 any Court, said Commissioner of Buildings may make reqnistion up- 
 on the Comptroller of The City of Xew York for such amount or 
 amounts of money as shall be necessary to meet the expenses thereof; 
 and upon the same being approved by any Judge or Justice of the 
 Court from which the said order or precept was issued and presented 
 to said Comptroller, he shall pay the same, and for that purpose shall 
 borrow and raise, upon Revenue Bonds, to be issued as provided in 
 section 188 of the Greater Xew York Charter, the several amounts 
 that may from time to time be required, which shall be reimbursed 
 by the payment and interest at 6 per cent, out of the judgment or 
 judgments obtained as aforesaid, if the same shall be collected. In 
 case said issue shall not be tried at the time specified in said notice, 
 or to which the trial may be adjourned, the same may be brought to 
 trial at any time thereafter by the said Commissioner of Buildings, 
 without a new survey, upon not less than three days' notice of trial 
 to the person or persons upon whom the original notice was served, 
 or to his or their attorney, which notice of trial may be served in the 
 same manner as said original notice. The notice of lis pendens pro- 
 vided for in this section shall consist of a copy of said notice of sur- 
 vey, and shall be filed in the office of a County Clerk in The City of 
 New York, in the County where the property affected by such action, 
 suit or proceeding is located. Provided, nevertheless, that immediately 
 upon the issuing of said precept, the owner or owners of said build- 
 ing, staging or structure, or premises, or any party interested therein, 
 upon application to the Commissioner of Buildings, shall be allowed 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 2 4 r 
 
 to perform the requirements of said precept at his or their own pro- 
 per cost and expense, provided the same shall be done immediately 
 and in accordance with the requirements of said precept, upon the 
 payment of all costs and expenses incurred up to that time, and pro- 
 vided further, that the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction 
 shall have authority to modify the requirements of said precept upon 
 application to him therefor, in writing, by the owner or owners of 
 said building, staging or structure, or his or their representative, when 
 he shall be satisfied that such change shall secure equally well the 
 safety of said building, staging or structure. 
 
 Sec. 156. Application for Order to Remove Violations and to 
 Vacate Buildings — In case any notice or direction authorized to be 
 issued by this Code is not complied with within the time designated 
 in said notice, The City of New York, by the Corporation Counsel, 
 may, at the request of the Commissioner of Buildings having juris- 
 diction, apply to the Supreme Court of New York, at a special term 
 thereof, for an order directing said Commissioner to proceed to make 
 the alterations or remove the violation or violations, as the same may 
 be specified in said notice or direction. Whenever any notice or di- 
 rection so authorized, shall have been served as directed in this Code, 
 an^l the same shall not have been complied with within the time 
 designated therein, the Corporation Counsel may, at the request of 
 the Commissioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, in addition to, or 
 in lieu of the remedy last above provided, apply to the Supreme 
 Court of New York, at a special term thereof, for an order directing 
 the said Commissioner to vacate such building or premises, or so 
 much thereof as said Commissioner may deem necessary, and pro- 
 hibiting the same to be used or occupied for any purpose specified in 
 said order until such notice shall have been complied with. The ex- 
 penses and disbursements incurred in the carrying out of any said 
 order or orders, shall become a lien upon said building or premises 
 named in the said notice, from the time of filing of a copy of the 
 said notice, with a notice of the pendency of the action or proceeding 
 as provided in this Code, taken thereunder, in the office of the Clerk 
 of the County where the property affected by such action, suit or pro- 
 ceeding is located; and the said Supreme Court, or a judge or justice 
 thereof, to whom application shall be made, is hereby authorized and 
 directed to grant any of the orders above named, and to take such 
 proceedings as shall be necessary to make the same effectual, and any 
 said judge or justice to whom application shall be made is hereby 
 authorized and directed to enforce such lien in accordane with the 
 mechanics lien laws applicable to The City of New York; and in case 
 any of the notices herein mentioned shall be served upon any lessee 
 
242 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 or party in possession of the building or premises therein described, 
 it shall be the duty of the person upon whom such service is made to 
 give immediate notice to the owner or agent of said building named 
 in the notice, if the same shall be known to the said person personal- 
 ly, if such person shall be within the limits of The City of New York, 
 and his residence known to such person, and if not within said City, 
 then by depositing a copy of said notice in any post office in The 
 City of New York, properly inclosed and addressed to such owner or 
 agent, at his then place of residence, if known, and by paying the 
 postage thereon; and in case any lessee or party in possession shall 
 neglect or refuse to give such notice as herein provided, he shall be 
 personally liable to the owner or owners of said building or premises 
 for all damages he or they shall sustain by reason thereof. 
 
 Part 32 — Recovery of Bodies Under Fallen Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 157. Recovery of Bodies Under Fallen Buildings — In case of 
 the falling of any building or part thereof in The City of New York, 
 where persons are known or believed to be buried under the ruins 
 thereof, it shall be the duty of the Fire Department to cause an ex- 
 amination of the premises to be made for the recovery of the bodies 
 of the killed or injured. Whenever, in making such examination, it 
 shall be necessary to remove from the premises any debris, it shalPbe 
 the duty of the Commissioners of the Department of Docks, of the 
 Department of Parks, of the Department of Highways, and of the 
 Department of Street Cleaning, when called on by the Department of 
 Buildings to co-operate, to provide a suitable and convenient dumping 
 place for the deposit of such debris. In case there shall be in the 
 opinion of the Department of Buildings, actual and immediate danger 
 of the falling of any building or part thereof so as to endanger life 
 or property, said Department shall cause the necessary work to be 
 done to render said building or part thereof temporarily safe until 
 the proper proceedings can be taken, as in the case of an unsafe build- 
 ing, as provided for in this Code. The Department of Buildings is 
 hereby authorized and empowered in such cases, and also where any 
 building or part thereof has fallen, and life is endangered by the oc- 
 cupation thereof, to order and require the inmates and occupants of 
 such building or part thereof to vacate the same forthwith and said 
 Department may, when necessary for the public safety, temporarily 
 close the sidewalks and streets adjacent to such building or part 
 thereof, and prohibit the same from being used, and the Police De- 
 partment, when called upon by the said Department of Buildings to 
 co-operate, shall enforce such orders or requirements. For the afore- 
 said purposes the said Fire Department, or the Department of Build- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 243 
 
 ings, as the case may be, shall employ such laborers and materials as 
 may be necessary to perform said work as speedily as possible. 
 
 Sec. 157A. In case there shall be, in the opinion of the Borough 
 President or Superintendent of Buildings in any Borough having 
 jurisdiction, danger to life or property by reason of any defective or 
 illegal work, or work in violation of or not in compliance with any 
 of the provisions or requirements of this Code, the said Borough 
 President or Superintendent of Buildings or such person as may be 
 designated by him shall have the right and he is hereby authorized 
 and empowered to order all further work to be stopped in and about 
 said building, and to require all persons in and about said building 
 forthwith to vacate the same, and to cause such work to be done in 
 and about the building as in his judgment may be necessary to re- 
 move and danger therefrom. And said Borough President or Super- 
 intendent of Buildings may, when necessary for the public safety, 
 temporarily close the sidewalks and the streets adjacent to said build- 
 ing, or part thereof, and the Police Department, when called upon by 
 the said Borough President or Superintendent of Buildings to co- 
 operate, shall enforce such orders or requirements. 
 Part 33 — Fund for Use and Benefit of the Department of Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 158. Fund for Use and Benefit of the Department of Build- 
 ings — The Corporation Counsel shall sue for and collect all penalties 
 and take charge of and conduct all legal proceedings imposed or pro- 
 vided for by this Code; and all suits or proceedings instituted for the 
 enforcement of any of the several provisions of the preceding sec- 
 tions of this Code or for the recovery of any penalty thereunder shall 
 be brought in the name of The City of New York by the Corporation 
 Counsel, to whom all notices of violation shall be returned from 
 prosecution, and it shall be his duty to take charge of the prosecution 
 of all such suits or proceedings, collect and receive all moneys that 
 may be collected upon judgments, suits or proceedings so instituted, 
 or which may be paid by any parties -who have violated any of the 
 provisions of this Code, and upon settlement of judgment and re- 
 moval of violations thereunder, execute satisfaction therefor. He 
 shall, on the first day of each and every month, render to each Com- 
 missioner of Buildings an account of and pay over to the Commis- 
 sioner having jurisdiction the amount of such penalties and costs re- 
 ceived by him, together with his bill for all necessary disbursements 
 incurred or paid in said suits, keeping a separate account for each 
 Commissioner, and each Commissioner shall pay over monthly the 
 amount of such penalties and costs so collected to the Comptroller 
 of The City of New Y'ork as a fund for the use and benefit of the 
 Department of Buildings for the purpose of paying any expense in- 
 
244 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XEW YORK. 
 
 curred by said Department, under section 157 of this Code, and also 
 for the purpose of carrying into effect any order or precept issued 
 by any Court, or judge or justice thereof, in this Code named, to any 
 Commissioner of Buildings, and upon the requisition of the Commis- 
 sioner of Buildings having jurisdiction, said Comptroller shall pay 
 such sum or sums as may be allowed and adjusted by any court of 
 record, or a judge or justice thereof, for such purposes, as far as the 
 same may be in his hands. A separate account shall be kept by the 
 Comptroller of the moneys paid to him by each Commissioner, and 
 no such moneys shall be paid for such purpose to any of said Com- 
 missioners except from the account of the funds received from him. 
 Part 34 — Seal. Officers of Department May Enter Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 159. Seal — The Board of Buildings may adopt a seal and 
 direct its use in the Department of Buildings. 
 
 Sec. 160. Officers of Department May Enter Buildings — All of- 
 ficials of the Department of Buildings, so far as it may be necessary 
 for the performance of their respective duties, have the right to enter 
 any building or premises in said City, upon showing their badge of 
 office. 
 
 Part 35 — Existing Suits and Liabilities. Invalidity of One Section 
 Not to Invalidate Any Other. 
 
 Sec. 161. Existing Suits and Liabilities — Nothing in this Code 
 contained shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding now 
 pending in any court, or any rights acquired or liability incurred, nor 
 any cause or causes of action accrued or existing, under any act or 
 ordinance repealed hereby. Nor shall any right or remedy of any 
 character be lost, impaired or affected by this Code. 
 
 Sec. 162. Invalidity of One Section Not in Invalidate Any Other 
 — The invaldity of any section or provision of this Code shall not in- 
 validate any other section or provision therof. 
 
 Part 36— Ordinances Repealed. Date When Ordinance Takes Effect. 
 
 Sec. 163. Repealing Section — All ordinances of the former mu- 
 nicipal and public corporations consolidated into the City of New 
 York affecting or relating to the construction, alteration or removal 
 of buildings or other structures, and all other ordinances or parts 
 thereof inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 164. Date When Ordinance Is to Take Effect — This ordinance 
 shall take effect sixty days after its approval by the Mayor. 
 
 CHAPTER 16— PARK ORDINANCES, RULES AND 
 REGULATIONS. 
 
 The Park Board of the Department of Parks of The City of New 
 York ordains as follows: All persons are forbidden — 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 245 
 
 1. To cut, break or in any way injure or deface the trees,, 
 shrubs, plants, grass, posts, railings, chains, lamps, lamp-posts, 
 benches, tree-guards, buildings, structures or other property in or 
 upon ony of the public parks, parkways, squares or places of or with- 
 in The City of New York, under the jurisdiction of the Department 
 of Parks, or to dig into or upon the soil within the boundaries of any 
 such parks, parkways, squares or places or of any roads or roadways 
 upon or across the same. 
 
 2. To go on foot or otherwise upon the grass, except when and 
 where permitted, or to throw or leave any paper, refuse or rubbish oil 
 any of the lawns or walks of the said parks, parkways, squares or 
 places. 
 
 3. To expose any article for sale or exhibition, unless previously 
 licensed by the Department of Parks therefor, or any part of such 
 public parks, parkways, squares or places. 
 
 4. To post any bill, placard, notice or other paper upon any 
 structure within such public parks, parkways, squares or places, or . 
 upon any street or avenue adjacent thereto under the jurisdiction of 
 the Department of Parks, unless previously licensed so to do by the 
 Commissioner having jurisdiction, and in accordance with the pro- 
 visions of section 16 hereof. 
 
 5. To play upon any musical instrument within such public 
 parks, parkways, squares or places, or take into, carry or display any 
 flag, banner, target or transparency without the permission of the 
 Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 6. To erect any structure, stand or platform, or hold any meet- 
 ings in such parks, parkways, squares or places, without previous 
 permission therefor from the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 7. To use threatening, abusive or insulting language upon any 
 of such public parks, parkways, squares or places, or doing any ob- 
 scene or indecent act thereon, or any act tending to a breach of the 
 public peace. 
 
 8. No hackney, coach, carriage, wagon, cart or other vehicle for 
 hire shall stand upon any such public park, parkway, square or place,, 
 or upon any street or avenue adjacent thereto under the jurisdiction 
 of the Department of Parks without previous license, and then only 
 at such place as shall be indicated and allowed by the Commissioner 
 having jurisdiction. 
 
 9. No horse or other animal shall be allowed to go at large upon 
 such public parks, parkways, squares or places, except that dogs may 
 be allowed therein when led by a chain or proper dog-string not ex- 
 ceeding 6 feet in length. 
 
246 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 10. No person shall bathe or fish in any of the waters or foun- 
 tains, nor cast any substance therein, nor disturb or interfere in any 
 way with the fish, birds or animals within such public parks, park- 
 ways, squares or places, except in the waters of adjacent to Pelham 
 Bay Park, where bathing and fishing- shall be permitted, subject to 
 the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commissioner of Parks 
 for the Borough of The Bronx. Fishing may be allowed in the lakes 
 of Prospect Park under permits granted by the Commissioner having 
 ju risdiction. 
 
 11. All drunken, disorderly or improper persons, and all persons 
 <loing any act injurious to such parks, parkways, squares or places, 
 shall be removed therefrom by the parkkeeper or police in charge 
 thereof. When necessary to the protection of life or property, the 
 officers and keepers of the park may remove all persons from any 
 •designated part thereof. 
 
 12. No animal or vehicle shall be permitted to stand, nor any 
 incumbrance of any kind be allowed to remain upon any street ad- 
 jacent to or bounding upon any public square or place in The City 
 ■of New York, under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks, 
 without permission of the Commissioner for the boroughs within 
 located, except that vehicles may be permitted to take up and set 
 ■down passengers, and to load and unload merchandise in the usual 
 manner, and may occupy the street a reasonable time for the pur- 
 pose; provided, however, that they shall not, while so doing, unneces- 
 sarily incumber the street or obstruct travel therein. 
 
 13. No one shall throw stones or other missiles, nor beg or 
 publicly solicit subscriptions or contributions, nor tell fortunes, nor 
 play games of chance or with any table or instrument of gaming, 
 nor make any harangue, nor climb upon any wall, fence, shelter, seat, 
 statue or other erection within such public parks, parkways, squares 
 or places within the City of New York. 
 
 14. No automobile or horseless vehicle shall be driven upon or 
 over the drives of such public parks, parkways, squares or places at a 
 -greater rate of speed than 8 miles an hour. 
 
 15. No fence in or about any land fronting upon or adjacent to 
 any public parkway, square or place in The City of New York, shall 
 "fee erected until a plan, showing the height, character and method 
 of construction of the proposed fence, has been submitted to the 
 Commissioner of Parks having jurisdiction, and approved by him 
 and a permit in writing issued therefor. 
 
 16. No poster or advertising device shall be placed upon any 
 fence or other structure used for advertisement or the exhibition in, 
 about or upon any land fronting upon or adjacent to any public park, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 247 
 
 parkway, square or place in The City of New York, until a descrip- 
 tion or a drawing of the same shall be filed with the Commissioner 
 of Parks having jurisdiction, and approved by him, and a permit in 
 writing issued therefor. 
 
 17. Owners of fences or other structures now existing in, about 
 or upon lands fronting upon or adjacent to any park, parkway, square 
 or place in The City of New York used for advertising or exhibition* 
 of advertisements, shall not modify or alter such structures or the 
 advertising device placed thereon until a written application has beere 
 made to the Commissioner having jurisdiction over the same, request- 
 ing his permission for the said alteration or modification, which shall 
 be fully described in the said application, and the necessary permit 
 obtained therefor. 
 
 18. No military or target company, or civic or other procession^ 
 shall be allowed to parade, drill or perform upon any of the parks,, 
 parkways, squares or public places, without permission from the 
 Commissioner of Parks having jurisdiction, except in the use of Vara 
 Cortlandt parade ground in Van Cortlandt Park and the Parade 
 Ground adjacent to Prospect Park, by the National Guard of the 
 State of New York. 
 
 19. No automobile, stage or other vehicle shall be allowed to- 
 carry passengers for hire over or upon any of the parks, parkways or~ 
 drives, concourses, plazas or circles, under the control of the Depart- 
 ment of Parks, excepting upon traffic roads and except by special 
 permission of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 20. It shall be unlawful for the owner or operator of any auto- 
 mobile or other vehicle to stop near any of the music stands or other 
 places, in or about any of the parks, parkways, plazas, concourses or 
 squares, of the said Department of Parks, where any number of per- 
 sons are accustomed to congregate, or where such automobiles would 
 be a source of danger to life and limb, except by permission of the 
 Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 21. No garbage, ashes, manure or other offensive material, is to- 
 be carried over any of the parkways or through such parks, circles,, 
 squares or concourses, except upon traffic roads set apart for sucht 
 purpose. When such refuse is to be removed from residences front- 
 ing on any of the above parkways, etc., the vehicles collecting such: 
 refuse must leave the parkway as soon as such collection is accom- 
 plished, and within the time prescribed by the Commissioner having 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 No earth, sand or broken stone is to be carted over any of the 
 parkways, except on traffic roads, unless special permit for the same 
 is obtained from the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
248 ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 22. It shall not be lawful to modify, alter, or in any manner inter- 
 fere with the lines or grades of any of the aforesaid parks, parkways, 
 •concourses, circles, squares, avenues, roads, streets, entrances or ap- 
 proaches under the jurisdiction of the said Department of Parks, nor 
 to take up, move or disturb any of the curb and gutter-stones, flag- 
 ging, trees* tree boxes, railing, fences, sod, soil or gravel, or to go 
 upon or cross said park, parkways, concourses, circles, squares, roads, 
 streets or avenues except by the means and in the manner provided 
 therefor; nor shall it be lawful to open or otherwise expose or inter- 
 fere with any of the water, gas and sewer pipes, or any of the hy- 
 drants, stop-cocks, basins or other constructions within or upon said 
 places nor to take any water or gas therefrom, nor to make any con- 
 nection therewith, except by special written consent of the Commis- 
 sioner having jurisdiction, and where such consent is given, a deposit 
 of money may be required to insure the restoration of the said curbs, 
 gutters, flaging, etc. 
 
 23. Xo person in bathing costume will be permitted to walk or 
 ride upon any parks, parkways or beaches, except Pelham Bay Park, 
 under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks. No boat or ves- 
 sel shall be placed upon any of the waters of the said parks, except by 
 special permission from the Commissioner having jurisdiction. No 
 skating or sledding will be allowed on the lakes unless the ice is de- 
 clared by the Commissioner having jurisdiction to be in a suitable 
 -condition for that purpose. 
 
 24. Xo one shall fire or carry any firearm, fire cracker, torpedo 
 or fireworks, nor make a fire, for make an oration, nor conduct any 
 religious or other meeting or ceremony within any of the parks, 
 parkways, squares or places in The City of Xew York under the juris- 
 diction of the Department of Parks without special permission from 
 the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 25. Xo one shall enter or leave the parks except at the estab- 
 lished entranceways; nor shall any one enter or remain therein after 
 32 o'clock at night, except as, on special occasions, use thereof may 
 be authorized beyond the regular hours. 
 
 26. The drives shall be used only by persons in pleasure vehicles, 
 on bicycles, or on horseback; the bridle paths only by persons on 
 "horseback. Animals to be used on either shall be well broken, and 
 constantly held in such control that they may be easily and quickly 
 turned or stopped; they shall not be allowed to move at a rate of 
 speed on the drives or bridle paths of more than eight miles an hour; 
 and when it shall be deemed necessary to safety, good order, or the 
 general convenience that the speed of an animal or vehicle should be 
 -checked, or that it should be stopped, or its course altered, and the 
 
ORDIXAXCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 oificers on duty shall so direct, by gesture or otherwise, such direc- 
 tion shall be obeyed; and no horse or other beast of burden nor auto- 
 mobile shall be driven or suffered to stand anywhere except on the 
 drive or bridle path. 
 
 27. No hackney coach or other vehicle for hire shall stand within 
 the public parks, parkways, squares or places under the jurisdiction of 
 the Department of Parks for the purpose of taking up passengers^ 
 other than those whom it has brought in, excepting with the permis- 
 sion of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. Xo public omnibus or 
 express wagon, and no wagon, cart or other vehicle, carrying or or- 
 dinarily used to carry merchandise, goods, tools or rubbish shall enter 
 such public parks, parkways, squares or places without permission of 
 the Commissioner having jurisdiction, excepting upon traffic roads 
 provided for the purpose. Xo fire engine or other apparatus on 
 wheels for extinguishing fire shall enter or be allowed upon any part 
 of the park excepting the Transverse and Traffic roads. 
 
 28. No military or target company and no civic, funeral or other 
 procession, or a detachment of a procession, and no hearse or other 
 vehicle, or person carrying the body of a dead person shall enter or 
 be allowed on any part of the public parks, except by the permission 
 of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 29. Xo person shall bring into or carry within the parks any 
 tree, shrub, plant or flower, nor any newly plucked branch or portion 
 thereof without a permit from the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 30. Xo person shall solicit passengers for any coach or other 
 vehicle for hire within or upon any of the parks, parkways, squares 
 or places within the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks. All 
 drivers or attendants of vehicles for hire standing upon or within any 
 such parks, parkways, squares or places shall remain in close proxim- 
 ity to their vehicles while so standing, and shall not follow, solicit or 
 importune any person entering or leaving the said parks, parkways,, 
 squares or places. 
 
 Ordinances relating to the use of vehicles in the public parks, 
 parkways and streets under the jurisdiction and control of the Com- 
 missioners of Parks of The City of Xew York: 
 
 1. All vehicles must carry a lighted lamp, showing a white light 
 ahead, from thirty minutes after sunset until thirty minutes before 
 sunrise. 
 
 2. All vehicles and horsemen when passing another vehicle or 
 horseman going in the same direction, must keep to the left and leave 
 the vehicle or horseman they are passing on the right hand. 
 
 3. All vehicles or horsemen going at a walk or slow trot must 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 keep near the curbstone or gutter on the right hand side of the road; 
 those going more rapidly must keep nearer the middle of the road. 
 
 4. Xo vehicle shall stop for any purpose without drawing up to 
 the curbstone or gutter, and always on the right hand side of the 
 road. 
 
 5. Before pulling up and before crossing from one side to the 
 other of the road the driver should signal to those behind him by 
 raising his whip. 
 
 6. On all drives and parkways where grass plots divide the drive, 
 all vehicles and horsement must keep on the right hand side drive or 
 bridle path. 
 
 7. Drivers, riders and cyclists must not exceed a speed of eight 
 miles an hour in the parks and parkways. 
 
 8. Cyclists must not coast in the parks, nor on the parkways, or 
 bridle paths, and must keep their feet on the pedals and their hands 
 on the handle bars. 
 
 9. Cyclists must not mount or dismount, except on the extreme 
 right of the roads or bicycle paths. 
 
 10. All bicycles, tricycles, velocipedes or other vehicles of pro- 
 pulsion must be provided with a bicycle bell, not to exceed three 
 inches in diameter. 
 
 11. Riding more than two abreast is prohibited. 
 
 12. Instructions in operating automobiles, bicycles, tricycles, 
 velocipedes or other such vehicles of propulsion, and all trick or fancy 
 riding on the same, is prohibited in the parks and parkways at all 
 times. 
 
 13. Wheelmen shall not ride on the paths in any park; those 
 talking upon the park paths may push their wheels along said paths, 
 but in no case shall the wheels be taken upon the turf. 
 
 14. The delivery of supplies to the residences of West Seventy- 
 second street, West Eighty-sixth street, Riverside drive, West End 
 avenue north of Seventieth street, Cathedral parkway and Morning- 
 side avenue West, in Manhattan, and the Shore road in Brooklyn, will 
 be permitted in the forenoon, but no business vehicles shall enter upon 
 or pass over said parkways after the hour of noon, excepting by spe- 
 cial permission of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. In passing 
 over the said parkways, business vehicles must go direct to the place 
 of delivery, must leave the said parkways without unnecessary delay, 
 and by the shortest route — the place of entry, if possible. The said 
 parkways must not be used to enable business vehicles to reach places 
 exterior to them. 
 
 Ordinances Applying to the Harlem River Driveway. 
 1. The use of the Speedway is restricted to light vehicles of the 
 
\ 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 251 
 
 classes known as buggies, runabouts, surreys and other like vehicles- 
 adapted to the speeding of light harness horses, seating not more than, 
 four persons and drawn by 'one or two horses, except by permission 
 of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. Exercising carts may be 
 used until 1 p. m. only. 
 
 2. Speeding on Sundays and holidays, and after 3 o'clock p. m- 
 011 other days will be permitted in one direction — from north to- 
 south only. 
 
 Turning is forbidden except at the ends of the driveway and at 
 the bridges. 
 
 3. When not speeding drivers must keep closely to the right 
 hand side of the road and keep moving. 
 
 4. Pedestrians must not cross on the Speedway; subways are pro- 
 vided for that purpose. 
 
 5. Loud shouting to make horses break or to urge them on is> 
 strictly forbidden. 
 
 6. The use of hobbles, or other similar device or apparatus to> 
 fetter or connect the legs of horses, for the purpose of restricting or 
 hampering their motion or gait, is forbidden upon the Harlem river 
 driveway. 
 
 Rules and Regulations for Establishing Limits of Projection for Con- 
 structions on the Line of Riverside Drive. 
 1. No structure or construction ot any description or any part 
 thereof shall be placed or permitted on or under Riverside drive until 
 working plans in duplicate, -drawn to a scale of 1-4 inch to the foot r 
 shall have been filed with the Department of Parks, with an applica- 
 tion for the erection or construction of the said structure; said draw- 
 ings to show elevations, floor plans and vertical sections of the ex- 
 tent of projections, and that the applicant has received permission to> 
 erect the said projection, as shown on drawings from the Department 
 of Parks. 
 
 A (a) Stoops or steps, courtyards and areas, or any part of ap- 
 purtenance thereof shall not project in the avenue beyond the build- 
 ing line to the extent of more than 5 feet where the sidewalk is. 
 16 feet wide, 7 feet where the sidewalk is 20 feet wide, 8 feet where 
 the sidewalk is 25 feet wide; and in proportion to the above where 
 the sidewalk is between 16 and 20 feet or between 20 and 25 feet. 
 
 (b) No stoop or steps shall be covered, except over the landing 
 or platform at the top, nor shall they be inclosed except by an open 
 railing not more than 4 feet in height. 
 
 B (a) Bay windows shall not project in the avenue beyond the 
 building line to the extent of more than 4 feet. 
 
 (b) Bay windows, when allowed to project in the avenue, shall 
 
252 ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 not occupy longitudinally with the avenue more than two-thirds of 
 the width of the binding from which they project. 
 
 C (a) No balcony, cornice or ornament shall project in the avenue 
 beyond the house line to the extent of more than 4 feet. 
 
 (b) Xo balcony shall be inclosed on the front or side, except by 
 a railing not over 4 feet in height. 
 
 D. Xo vault or other construction below the sidewalk shall be 
 built except in such manner as shall leave the sewers, gas and water 
 pipes, or space proposed to be occupied by the same, free and unin- 
 closed and in safe condition, nor in any case to extend in the clear 
 beyond the curb line. 
 
 Ordinance Adopted, Pursuant to Chapter 453 of the Laws of 1902. 
 
 1. Xo shade or ornamental tree or shrub shall be planted in any 
 of the streets, avenues or public thoroughfares of The City of Xew 
 York until such tree or shrub shall have first been approved by a duly 
 appointed employee or expert of the Commissioner having jurisdic- 
 tion, and a permit granted therefor. 
 
 2. No holes or excavation shall be prepared for planting any tree 
 or shrub unless sufficient mould of satisfactory quality shall be used, 
 and a duly appointed employee or expert of the Department of Parks 
 shall report that the conditions, such as absence of poisonous gas and 
 deleterious substances, have been made satisfactory and a permit 
 granted therefor. 
 
 3. X'o stem, branch or leaf of any such tree or shrub shall be 
 cut, broken or otherwise disturbed until a permit has been granted 
 therefor by the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 4. Xo root of any such tree or shrub shall be disturbed or inter- 
 fered with in any way by any individual or any officer or employee of 
 a public or private' corporation until a permit shall have been issued 
 therefor by the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 5. The surface of the ground within 3 feet of any tree or shrub 
 growing on any street, avenue or other public thoroughfare shall not 
 be cultivated, fertilized, paved or given any treatment whatever, ex- 
 cept under permit granted by the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 6. It shall not be lawful to attach or maintain any guy rope, 
 cable or other contrivance to any tree or shrub, or to use the same in 
 connection with any banner, transparency, or any business purpose 
 whatever, except under a permit from the Commissioner having juris- 
 diction. 
 
 7. It shall not be lawful to cut, deface, mutilate, or in any way 
 misuse, any tree or shrub, nor shall any horse or other animal be per- 
 mitted to stand in any manner or position where it may or shall cut, 
 deface or mutilate any tree or shrub, nor shall any building material 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 253 
 
 or other matter of any kind or any debris be piled or maintained 
 against any tree or shrub. 
 
 8. It shall not be lawful to attach or string any electric or other 
 wire, or to adjust or carry the same into or over any park or parkway, 
 except under a permit from the Commissioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 9. Any person violating the foregoing ordinances of chapter 453 
 of the Laws ot 1902 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall on 
 conviction thereof before a City Magistrate be punished by a line not 
 exceeding $50, or in default of payment of such line, by imprisonment 
 not exceeding 30 days. 
 
 Rules and Regulations Relating to Projections and Line of Curb and 
 Surface Constructions, Under Provisions or Section 612 of 
 the Greater New York Charter, as Amended by Chapter 723 
 of the Laws of 1901 : 
 
 1. Each Commissioner may grant permits for the erection and 
 maintenance of projections on any park, parkway, square or public 
 place in his jurisdiction, and on all streets and avenues within a dis- 
 tance of 350 feet from the outer boundaries thereof, upon such terms 
 and conditions and upon the making of such compensation to the Cit> 
 as in his discretion he may determine with respect to the particular 
 locality. 
 
 2. Where permits have heretofore been granted upon the mak- 
 ing of compensation and a new permit is desired to correct any irregu- 
 larity, defect or supposed want of jurisdiction in the granting of such 
 permit, a new permit may be granted without the making of further 
 compensation. 
 
 3. Each Commissioner may determine the line of curb and the 
 surface constructions of all streets and avenues lying within any 
 park, parkway, square or public place in his jurisdiction or within a 
 distance of 350 feet from the outer boundaries thereof as he may deem 
 advisable according to the particular locality, and best calculated to 
 maintain the beauty and utility of such parks, parkways, squares and 
 public places. 
 
 4. All applications for the privilege of erecting bay windows or 
 other house projections shall be made to the Commission in whose 
 administrative jurisdiction the park or parkway affected lies, who may 
 in his discretion grant the same upon payment of a fee to be deter- 
 mined in each case by said Commissioner. 
 
 5. Working plans in duplicate, drawn to a scale of one-quarter 
 inch to the foot, shall be required to accompany each application, 
 showing elevation, plans and vertical section of extent of projection, 
 one copy of which will be filed in the office of the Commissioner hav- 
 
254 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 ing jurisdiction, and one other shall be returned to the applicant lor 
 filing in the Department of Buildings, with the approval of said Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 6. No permit will be granted to cover more than 4 feet of pro- 
 jection oeyond the house or building line, nor shall the projections oc- 
 cupy longitudinally with the street or avenue more than two thirds of 
 the width of the building from which they project. 
 
 Affecting Central Park and Fifth Avenue, Manhattan. 
 
 1. Owners of property on the easterly side of said Fifth avenue, 
 between Fifty-eighth and One Hundred and Eleventh streets, are per- 
 mitted to inclose, for courtyard purposes, and not otherwise, 15 feet of 
 the sidewalks adjacent to and in front of their respective lots; and the 
 stoops of buildings erected on said avenue may, in such cases, project 
 to the extent of such courtyards; provided further, that such stoops 
 shall, in every instance, be open above the railing or balustrade there- 
 of, and the form, size and character thereof, together with the form, 
 size and character of the area railings, shall be subject to the approval 
 of the Commissioner having jurisdiction; and provided further, that 
 no stoop or area railing shall be constructed or put upon said Fifth 
 avenue, or upon any of the streets or avenues, surrounding said park, 
 within the boundaries first above mentioned, until the plan thereof has 
 been submitted to and approved by the said Commissioner. 
 
 2. No more than four horses shall be allowed to be driven to- 
 gether in the parks of the Borough of Manhattan, and then only when 
 attached to private vehicles, except by special permit. 
 
 3. No person shall go on the turf without the permit of the 
 Commissioner having jurisdiction except when and where a blue flag 
 with a white star is shown as an indication that at that time and 
 place all persons are allowed to go on it. 
 
 4. Xo bicycle or tricycle shall be allowed to be taken upon or 
 remain on the Mall in Central Park during the progress of a concert. 
 
 Rules Relating to Park Conservatories. 
 
 1. The Conservatories will be open daily between 10 a. m. and 
 4.30 p. m. 
 
 2. Visitors on entering will keep to the right in order to avoid 
 crowding. 
 
 3. Any person found pilfering flowers or leaves or causing dam- 
 age to the buildings or plants will be arrested and punished. 
 
 4. No intoxicated, noisy or disorderly persons will be admitted. 
 
 5. Children under eight years of age will not be admitted except 
 when accompanied by parents or guardians. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 255 
 
 6. No dogs will be allowed inside the buildings or on the 
 grounds. 
 
 7. The scattering of paper or refuse inside the buildings or on 
 the grounds is prohibited. 
 
 8. Any incivility on the part of employees should be reported 
 to the Commissioner having jurisdiction. Visitors are requested not 
 to engage in unnecessary conversation with employees. 
 
 9. Fifteen minutes before closing time visitors will be warned 
 by the call "All out." 
 
 10. No person will be permitted in a house or wing of the con- 
 servatory which is shown to be closed. 
 
 11. No smoking will be allowed. 
 
 12. Loud, indecent or noisy language is strictly prohibited. 
 Rules and Regulations Relating to the New York Botanical Garden 
 
 in Bronx Park. 
 
 1. The picking of flowers, leaves, fruit, nuts, or the breaking of 
 branches of any plants, either wild or cultivated, the uprooting of 
 plants of any kind, the defacing of trees, and the carrying of flowers, 
 fruits or plants into or from the grounds of the Garden, are prohib- 
 ited, except by written permission of the Director-in-Chief of the 
 Garden. 
 
 2. Leaving or depositing paper boxes, glass or rubbish of any 
 kind within the grounds of the Garden is forbidden. 
 
 3. Dogs are not allowed within the limits of the Garden except 
 in leash. 
 
 4. It is forbidden to take fish from within the Garden, or to 
 molest in any way squirrels, birds, snakes, frogs, toads, turtles or 
 any other wild animals. 
 
 5. Throwing stones or other missiles, playing ball, football, 
 tennis or any other game is prohibited. 
 
 6. It is forbidden to offer for sale food, candy, newspapers, 
 books, tobacco, beverages, flowers or other objects, without written 
 permission from the Director-in-Chief and the Commissioner of Parks 
 for the Borough of the Bronx. 
 
 7. Boating or rafting on the ponds, lakes and streams is for- 
 bidden. 
 
 8. Trucking, or the driving of business wagons of any kind, is 
 forbidden on the roads of the Garden, except those designated for 
 such purposes. 
 
 9. It is forbidden to accept or solicit passengers for any cab, 
 carriage or other conveyance at any point within the grounds of the 
 
256 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Garden without written permission from the Director-in-Chief of 
 the Garden and the Commissioner of Parks for the Borough of The 
 Bronx. 
 
 10. Visitors are not allowed within the Garden after II o'cloek 
 at night nor before 6 o'clock in the morning, exeept upon driveways 
 and paths designated for their use between those hours. 
 Ordinances Applicable to the Ordinary Use of the Ocean Boulevard, 
 the Eastern Parkway and the Speedway in the Boroughs 
 
 of Brooklyn and Queens. 
 
 Light harness driving on the Speedway, Ocean Parkway (Ocean 
 Parkway, between Bay Parkway and Kings Highway) shall not be 
 restricted as to speed between the hours of sunrise and sunset; 
 speeding, however, is only to be permitted from Bay Parkway toward 
 Coney Island, and drivers shall be compelled to observe the rules 
 of the road. Automobiles will not be permitted on the Speedway, 
 but must take the west road on the Ocean Parkway, between Bay 
 Parkway and Kings Highway, at all times. 
 
 Business wagons, trucks, etc., heavy or light, are prohibited from 
 using the main drive of the Ocean Parkway, and must use the west 
 road at all times. Business wagons, trucks, etc., must use the block 
 pavement at either side of the main road or the traffic roads of the 
 Eastern Parkway. 
 
 Prospect Park. 
 
 i. All lawns in Prospect Park are commons, and may be used 
 as such, except those restricted by special order, and such restricted 
 sections plainly indicated by proper signs. 
 
 Coney Island Cycle Path. 
 
 Cyclists must use the west path when going toward Coney Is- 
 land and the east path in returning. 
 
 Cyclists must not exceed a speed of twelve miles an hour on the 
 bicycle paths. 
 
 Racing on the bicycle paths is prohibited, except by special per- 
 mission of the Comm'ssioner having jurisdiction. 
 
 Horses, wagons, carriages and pedestrians must not use the 
 bicycle paths. 
 
 All ordinances or parts of ordinances heretofore adopted affect- 
 ing the parks, parkways and public places of The City of New York 
 under the jurisdiction of the Department of Parks inconsistent with 
 or in conflict with the ordinances above set forth are hereby repealed. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 25? 
 
 PART II. 
 
 ORDINANCES AFFECTING THAT PART OF THE CITY OF 
 NEW YORK INCLUDED WITHIN THE BOROUGH 
 OF MANHATTAN. 
 
 CHAPTER i— SALES OF COMMODITIES, ETC. 
 
 Article i — Peddlers, Venders, Hawkers. 
 
 Section i. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker or huckster sfiaH 
 permit any carl, wagon or vehicle, owned or controlled by him or 
 her, to stop, remain upon or otherwise incumber any street, avenue 
 or highway for a longer period than thirty minutes at one time on 
 any one block. Nor shall any such peddler, vender, hawker or 
 huckster stand in front of any premises, the owner or the le-see ol 
 the ground floor thereof objecting thereto. At the expiration of the 
 thirty minutes aforesaid, any vender, with or without a basket, cart, 
 wagon, or vehicle must be removed to a point at least one block 
 distant. 
 
 Sec. 2. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker or huckster shall 
 permit his or her cart, wagon or vehicle to stand on any street, ave- 
 nue or highway within 25 feet of any corner of the curb, nor within 
 ]0 feet of any other peddler, vender, hawker of huckster. 
 
 Sec. 3. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker or huckster shall 
 use any part of a sidewalk or crosswalk for conducting his or her 
 busines, and shall not cast < r throw any thing or article of any kind 
 or character upon the street, nor interfere with or prevent to any 
 degree the Street Cleaning Department from sweeping or cleaning, 
 or from gathering street sweepings, etc.. from the streets or avenues, 
 
 Sec. 4. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker or huckster shall 
 blow upon or use or suffer or permit to be blown upon or used any 
 horn or other instrument for the purpose of. giving notice of the 
 approach of any cart, w agon' or vehicle in order to sell thereout any 
 article of merchandise. 
 
 Sec. 5. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker or huckstc shall cry 
 or sell his or her wares or merchandise on Sunday, nor after 9 o'clock 
 p. m„ nor cry his or her wares before 8 o'clock in the morning of 
 any da}' except Saturdays, when they shall be allowed to cry or sell 
 their wares until 11.30 o'clock p. m. None of the provisions of this 
 section shall be construed as regulating the crying or hawking of 
 newspapers in the territory comprised within the Borough of Man- 
 hattan. 
 
 Sec. 6. Xo licensed peddler, vender, hawker of huckster shall 
 he allowed to cry his or her wares within 250 feet of any school* 
 
2oS ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 court bouse, church or hospital between the hours of 8 o'clock a. m. 
 and 4 o'clock p. m., on school days; or stop or remain in Nassau 
 itreet, between Spruce and Wall streets; or in Chambers street, be- 
 tween Broadway and Centre streets; or in Fulton street, between 
 Broadway and Pearl street; or in Avenue B, from Houston street to 
 to Fourteenth street; or in Avenue A, between Houston and Seventh 
 streets; Park row, from Xew Chambers to Ann street; Centre street, 
 from New Chambers street to Park row; and Nassau street, from 
 Park row to Ann street: from 8 o'clock a. m. to 6 o'clock p. m. None 
 of the provisions of this section shall be construed as regulating the 
 crying or hawking of newspapers in the territory comprised within 
 the Borough of Manhattan. 
 
 Sec. ~. So much of the foregoing sections as relates to the cry- 
 ing out of wares, or to other means used to attract attention, is con- 
 >trued and made to apply to all persons conducting business on the 
 public highways, or present thereon for the purpose of doing busi- 
 liess, or performing, or offering to perform, any work, labor, services 
 whatever, whether such person be licensed or not. 
 
 Sec. 8. All licensed peddlers, venders, hawker- or hucksters who 
 shall locate on any street or avenue under the provisions of this 
 ordinance, with intention to remain thirty minutes or part thereof, 
 shall use the east and north sides of streets and avenues up to noon, 
 and the west and south sides .after noon on any day so using them. 
 This section shall not apply to such venders who are moving along 
 the streets, avenues or highways, without intention to locate at any 
 one point for thirty minutes, or who may be called on by the resident 
 for the purpose of making a purchase. 
 
 Sec. o. The violation of any of the foregoing provisions of this 
 ordinance, or any part thereof, shall be deemed a misdemeanor, and 
 the offender shall, upon conviction, be lined or imprisoned or both, 
 as provided by section 85 of the New York City Consolidation Act 
 of 1882. 
 
 Article 2 — Weights, Measures and Quality. 
 
 1. W eighers of I lay. 
 
 Sec. 10. No person, except those to whom the Mayor shall grant 
 a license under section ill of the New York City Consolidation Act. 
 shall erect or have any scale or apparatus for weighing hay on any 
 avenue or public place in the Borough of Manhattan, under a penalty 
 
 of $-'> 
 
 Sec. 11. The Mayor shall designate in all licenses granted By 
 him the location at which the persons licensed shall erect their re- 
 spective scales for weighing hay. and such license sharll convey an 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CTTY OF NEW YORK. 259 
 
 authority and permission to erect at such location, under the direc- 
 tion of the President of the Borough, a scale for weighing hay, in 
 the mode previously in use in the former City of New York. 
 
 See. i J. The fee charged on granting license shall be $25 a year. 
 
 Sec. 1 3. In case of weighing bale-hay, the licensed weighers 
 shall designate in the certificate given by them the amount of tare 
 on each bale, and shall legibly mark the amount of said tare on each 
 bale, as well as the gross weight, under a penalty of $10 for each 
 omission to mark the said tare. 
 
 Sec. 14. No weigher of hay shall charge any person applying 
 for his services as such weigher, and for a certificate of the Weight 
 of any hay. more than 6 cents on each bale for weighing and marking 
 the same, and for a certificate thereof. 
 
 - . The Sale and Manufacture of Bread. 
 
 Sec. 15. All bread baked and offered or exposed for sale in the 
 Borough of Manhattan shall be made of good and wholesome flour 
 and meal, ami -old by avoirdupois weight. 
 
 Sec. 16. If any baker or other person shall make for sale, offer 
 or procure to be sold, any bread of any other than wholesome flour 
 or meal, or shall sell the same contrary to the preceding section of 
 this article, such person shall forfeit and pay the sum of $10 for 
 every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 17. All loaf bread offered for sale in this borough not in 
 conformity with the provisions of this article shall be forfeited, and 
 shall and may be seized and disposed of for the use of The Ctiy of 
 New York. 
 
 3. Coal. 
 
 Sec. 18. Xo person shall unload, vend, or expose for sale, any 
 charcoal at either of the slips in front of any of the public markets 
 of the Borough of Manhattan, under the penalty of $10 for every such 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 10. In the sale of anthracite coal the hundred-weight shall 
 consist of 100 pounds avoirdupois, and jo such hundred- weight shall 
 constitute a ton. 
 
 4. Sale of Poultry. 
 
 See. 20. Xo turkeys or chickens shall be offered for sale in the 
 borough, unless the crops of such turkeys and chickens are free from 
 food or other substance and shrunken close to their bodies. That 
 all fowls exposed for sale in violation of this ordinance shall be 
 seized and condemned; such of them as shall be tainted shall, upon 
 examination, be destroyed, and the re<t which is lit for food shall 
 be used in the public institutions of the City. 
 
3*0 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 21. Even- person exposing for sale any chicken or turkey 
 m contravention of this ordinance shall be liable to a penalty of $5 
 ior each chicken or turkey so exposed for sale. 
 
 5. Firewood, Hay and Straw. 
 
 Sec, 22. No firewood shall be sold otherwise than according to 
 the following regulations, that is to say: The stanchions of each cart 
 or sled which shall be employed in tin- carrying of such wood shall 
 fee 5 feet 4 inches high from the floor of the cart or sled, and no 
 feigner; and the breadth of such cart of sled between the two fore- 
 most stanchions shall be 2 feet 5 inches, and between the two hind- 
 most stanchions 2 feet 9 inches, and no more; in which space be- 
 tween the two stanchions every cartman who shall cart any wood 
 shall stow as much and as close together as can conveniently be put 
 or as much as will amount to 37 feet 3 inches, and twothirds of an 
 inch cubic measure, which shall constitute and be deemed a load, and 
 ahall and may be bought and sold accordingly. 
 
 Sec. 23. No person or persons shall buy or sell any firewood 
 contrary to the above regulations; and no cartman shall cart any 
 firewood brought to the Borough of Manhattan for sale except in 
 carts made and constructed as by law directed and loaded as above 
 mentioned under the penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 24. No crooked wood shall be stowed in any cart or sled 
 constructed in manner aforesaid with other wood, but the same may 
 ht sold or disposed of as refuse wood, not subject to the above regu- 
 lations; and if any cartman who shall cart firewood shall put, or 
 suffer to be put, in his cart any such crooked wood as will prevent 
 his cart from containing a full load between the stanchions thereof, 
 he shall for every load so carried forfeit the sum of $1. 
 
 Sec. 25. Hereafter it shall not be lawful tor any person to sell, 
 or offer for sale within the limits of the Borough of Manhattan, any 
 hay or straw by the bale, unless the exact gross and net weight 
 ihall be legibly and distinctly marked on every such bale of hay or 
 straw, under a penalty of $10 for each bale of hay or straw so sold 
 t>r offered for sale in contravention of the provisions of this or- 
 dinance. 
 
 Article 3 — Sales and Auctions in the Public Streets. 
 
 Sec. 26. Hereafter it shall not be lawful for any person to sell 
 or offer for sale in any of the streets, avenues or public places within 
 the limits of the Borough of Manhattan, any sawdust, except in bags 
 !y tied, which shall neither be filled nor emptied nor the con- 
 tents ihereof permitted to be scattered or blown about in any such 
 street, avenue or public place, under a penalty of $25 for every viola- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 261 
 
 tion of the provisions of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec 27. No auctioneer, or his agent or servant or any other 
 person, shall sell at auction or expose for sale or lay or place any 
 goods, wares, merchandise or other thing in any street, road, lane, 
 highway or public place in the Borough of Manhattan, unless such 
 person shall first obtain the consent or permission, in writing, of the 
 occupant of the lot or building before which such articles or any 
 part thereof shall be placed or exposed for sale, under the penalty 
 of $10 for every such offense, to be sued for and recovered from the 
 seller, auctioneer or his agent, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 28. No person shall sell or expose for sale or lay or place in 
 any street, lane, road, highway or public place, at any time between 
 the first day of June and the first day of November in each year, 
 any salted beef or pork, dried or pickled fish, blubber, hides, cotton 
 or wool, under the penalty of $10 for each offense to be sued for and 
 recovered from the seller, auctioneer or his agent, severally and re- 
 spectively. 
 
 Sec. 29. Every article exposed for sale at public auction, or sold 
 in any public place, street, lane, road or highway in the Borough of 
 Manhattan, shall be removed from the same by the setting of the 
 sun of the day of selling or exposing for sale, under the penalty of 
 $io for each offense, to be sued for and recovered from the auc- 
 tioneer, his agent or the purchaser thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 30. Xo bellman or crier, nor any drum or fife, or other in- 
 strument of music or any show-signal or means of attracting the at- 
 tention of passengers other than a sign or flag, shall be employed 
 or permitted to be used at or near any place of sale, or at or near 
 any auction room, or at or near the residence of any auctioneer, or 
 at or near any auction whatsoever, under the penalty of $10 for each 
 offense, to be sued for and recovered from the person using the same 
 and the auctioneer or his agent suffering or permitting the same, 
 severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 31. No auctioneer or other person shall sell or expose for 
 sale at public auction or vendue, any dry goods, hardware, wooden- 
 ware or tinware, by retail or in small parcels or pieces in any public 
 street, lane, highway or public place in the Borough of Manhattan 
 (articles of household furniture at the places and as hereinbefore pro- 
 vided alone excepted), under the penalty of $10 for each offense, to 
 be sued for and recovered from the seller, auctioneer or his agent, 
 severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 32. No auctioneer or his agent or servant shall sell or ex- 
 pose for sale at public auction any goods, wares, merchandise or 
 other thing whatsover; to any person or persons who at the time of 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 bidding for the same, or whilst examining the same shall be on the 
 sidewalk or carriageway of any of the streets of the Borough of Man- 
 hattan, under the penalty of $10 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 33, No auctioneer or his agent or servant, or any other 
 person, shall lay or place, or sell or expose for sale, any article of 
 household furniture in any street or public place in the Borough of 
 Manhattan, other than such as is hereinbefore designated or men- 
 tioned, under the penalty of $20 for every such offense, to be sued 
 for and recovered from the seller, auctioneer or his agent or servant, 
 severally and respectively. 
 
 Article 4 — Sale and Discharge of Firearms, Etc. 
 
 Sec. 34. No cannon or piece of artillery shall be discharged or 
 fired off in any street, avenue, lane or public park or place within the 
 limits of the Borough of Manhattan, without a written permission 
 from the Mayor, under a penalty of $25 of every offense. In no case 
 shall the calibre of the cannon exceed 4 pounds. The provisions of 
 this section, except that relating to the calibre of the cannon, shall 
 not apply to the fourth day of July in each and every year. 
 
 Sec. 35. Any person or persons, commander or other officer, or 
 private of any artillery or other military company, troop of horse, 
 corps, regiment, battalion, brigade or division, who shall violate any 
 or either of the provisions of this article of these ordinances, or shall 
 cause or permit the same to be done, shall severally forfeit any pay 
 the sum of $50 for each discharge or firing off of any piece of artil- 
 lery, to be paid into the City Treasury for the use of the City. 
 
 Sec. 36. The sale or use of the instrument known as the "patenl 
 flying cap exploder" is hereby prohibited within the limit- of the 
 Borough of Manhattan, under a penalty of $10 for each offense, to be 
 imposed by any City Magistrate of The City of New York, upon the 
 arrest of any offender, after proof of the violation of the provisions 
 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 37. The sale or disposal to minors of toy or other pistols 
 that can be loaded with powder and ball or blank cartridges to be 
 exploded by means of metal caps, is hereby prohibited, under penalty 
 of a fine of $10 for each* offense, said tine to be imposed by any 
 Police Justice of this City, upon the arrest of any offender, after due 
 proof of a violation of this ordinance. Nothing herein contained shall 
 apply to the sale or disposal of what are known as firecracker pistils, 
 torpedo pistols or such pistols as arc used for the explosion of paper 
 caps. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— NUISANCES. 
 Sec. 38. No persons shall swim or bathe in any of the waters 
 within the jurisdiction of the Borough of Manhattan, except in pub- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 lie or private bathing houses, unless covered with a bathing- suit so 
 as to prevent any indecent exposure of person, under a penalty of $5 
 for each offense; nor shall any person dress or undress in any place 
 in said Borough, exposed to view, under a like penalty. 
 
 Sec. 30. No person shall beat any drum or instrument for the 
 purpose of attracting the attention of passengers in any street in the 
 Borough of Manhattan, to any show of beasts or birds or other things 
 in said City: nor shall any person use or perform with or hire, pro- 
 cure or abet any other person to use or perform with any musical 
 or other instrument, in any of the streets or public places in the 
 Borough of Manhattan. The provisions of this section shall apply 
 only to itinerant musicians and side-shows, and shall not be con- 
 strued so as to affect any band of music or organized musical so- 
 ciety engaged in any military or civic parade or in serenading, who 
 shall comply with the Laws of the Slate relating to parades in The 
 City of New York, or to any musical performance conducted under a 
 license from the proper municipal authority-. No person shall use 
 or perform with or hire, procure or abet any other person to use 
 or perform with, any hand organ in any of the streets or public 
 places in the Borough of Manhattan, before the hour of 9 a. m. nor 
 after the hour of 7 p. m. of each day, nor during any part of the 
 firM day of the -week, commonly called Sunday, nor within a distance 
 of 500 feet of any public school house or house of public worship, 
 during school hours or hours of public worship, nor within a like 
 distance of any hospital, asylum or other institution, nor within a 
 distance of 250 feet of any dwelling house or other building, when 
 directed or requested by an occupant thereof not to so perform. 
 No person shall use or perform upon any hand organ except such 
 organ shall be licensed as hereinafter ordained. Upon the payment 
 of a license fee of $1 per annum, the Mayor may license Mich number 
 of organs as he may deem propet, not to exceed, however, the 
 total number of 300. Such license must be conspicuously displayed 
 Upon the front of said organ. No person using or performing 
 any hand organ licensed as hereinbefore recited shall solicit, ask or 
 request any money for such use or performance in any way, shape 
 or manner directly or indirectly. Any violation of this ordinance or 
 any part thereof shall be a misdemeanor, and punishable by a tine 
 not exceeding $10. or imprisonment not exceeding ten days for each 
 offense. 
 
 Sec 40. Xo person within the Borough of Manhattan shall, 
 from any window of open space situated in any story of a house 
 above the street floor, which window or open space is visible from 
 the street, or from the sidewalk on the opposite side of the street, 
 
2»U ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 exhibit to the public upon said street, or upon the opposite sidewalk, 
 any pantomime performance or puppet of other figures, ballet ofr 
 other dancing, corned}', farce, show with moving figures, play or 
 other entertainment of the stage or dramatic performance, or of 
 that nature, under the penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 41. Xo advertising trucks, vans or wagons shall be allowed 
 in the streets of the Borough of Manhattan, under a penalty of $10 
 for each offense. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the put- 
 ting of business notices upon ordinary business wagons, so long as 
 such wagons are engaged in the usual business or regular work of 
 the owner, and not used merely or mainly for advertising. 
 
 Sec. 42. It shall not be lawful for any person to place or keep 
 on any window sill, railing or balcony, top or porch or any other 
 projection from any house or other building in the Borough of Man- 
 hattan, any earthen flower pots, wooden box or other article or thing 
 for the cultivation or retention of flowers, shrubs, vines or other arti- 
 cle or thing whatever, unless every such dower pot, box or other 
 article is securely and firmly fastened or protected by iron railings, 
 so fastened as to render it impossible for any such pot, box or other 
 article to fall into the street, under a penalty of $10 for every fftense, 
 to be recovered in the manner now specified by law for the collec- 
 tion of fines imposed for violations of ordinances of the said Borough. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— PARTITION" FENCES AND WALLS. 
 
 Sec. 43. All partition fences in the Borough of Manhattan shall 
 be made and maintained by the owners of land on each side, and each 
 party shall make and keep in repair one-half part thereof when it 
 can be conveniently divided. 
 
 Sec. 44. In case of any dispute between the parties concerning 
 the division of any such fence, or as to what part or portion of it 
 shall be made or repaired by each party, respectively, and in all 
 cases of dispute concerning the sufficiency of any fence in the Bor- 
 ough of Manhattan, the matter shall be determined by an Alderman 
 for the time being of the district in which such partition or other 
 fence may be situated. 
 
 Sec. 45. W hen any partition fence cannot be conveniently di- 
 vided, the same shall be made and kept in repair at the joint and equal 
 expense of the owners of the land on each side. 
 
 Sec. 46. W hen the regulation of a lot. in conformity with the 
 street on which it is situated, shall require the ground of such lot 
 to be raised and kept up higher than the ground of the adjoining 
 lot or lots, and a partition wall for supporting the same -hall be 
 necessary, such partition wall shall be made and maintained by the 
 
ORDINANCES OF *THE : CITY OF NEW YORK. 265 
 
 ©wrters, respectively, of the land on each side, and when the same 
 can be equally divided cadi part}- shall make and keep in repair one- 
 halt part thereof. 
 
 Sec. 47. If any dispute shall arise concerning the division of 
 Sti€h partition wall between the parties, Of as to what part or por- 
 tion of it should be made or repaired by each party, respectively, 
 or concerning the sufficiency of any such partition wall, the same 
 shall be determined by the Alderman. 
 
 Sec. 4S. Where any partition wall cannot be conveniently divided 
 the same shall be made and kept in repair at the joint and equal 
 expense of the owners of the land on each side. 
 
 Sec. 40. Hie regulation of lots, in conformity with the street, 
 should be calculated not to exceed a descent of 2 inches 011 every 
 10 feet. 
 
 Sec. 50. Where any owner or owners shall insist on maintain- 
 ing his, her or their ground higher than such regulation, the surplus 
 partition wall which may be necessary to support such height shall 
 be made and maintained at the individual expense of such owner 
 or owners. 
 
 Sec. 51. W here any such owner or owners shall insist on regu- 
 lating his or her or their ground with adescent less than 2 inches on 
 every 10 feet, the surplus partition wall necessary to support the 
 ground in the adjoining lot. regulated in conformity with the pre- 
 ceding section, shall, in like manner, be made and maintained at the 
 individual expense of such owner or owners. 
 
 Sec 52. If any person whose duty it ma}* be to make or repair 
 any partition fence or partition wall, or any part thereof, in pursu- 
 ance of the provisions of this law. shall neglect so to do for six 
 days after being requested, in writing., by the owner or occupant of 
 the .adjoining ground, it shall be law ful for such owner or occupant 
 to make or repair such partition fence or wall or cause the same 
 to be done, .and to recover from sucU person the expense of making 
 or repairing so much thereof as ought to have been made or re- 
 paired by him or her, together with costs of suit, in any court 
 having cognizance thereof. 
 
 Sec. 53. All outside and boundary fences, and all fences erected 
 on the line of any public road, street, lane or avenue in the Borough 
 of Manhattan, shall be at least 5 feet high, and shall be built of good 
 and substantial materials. ai*l sufficient in all respects to keep out 
 and prevent the encroachment of cattle, sheep hogs and other 
 animals, and shall be kept in good repair, and of the height mentioned. 
 
 Sec. 54. The owner or owners, lessees or lessees, tenant or ten- 
 ants, of any lot. piece of ground or premises, upon which any fence 
 
266 ORDINANCES OF Till-: CITY ()!• \K\Y YORK 
 
 not of the height, and that shall not he erected in the manner or 
 maintained at the height mentioned in the preceding section, or who 
 having erected the same, shall not keep the same in good repair, 
 shall not recover for any damage he. they or she may sustain from 
 any cattle, sheep, hog. or other animal doing damage upon his oi- 
 lier premises; nor shall any cattle, sheep or other animal he placed 
 in pound for doing damage, unless such fence he erected and kept 
 of the height and in the manner mentioned in the last preceding 
 section. 
 
 Sec. 55. In case of any dispute between the parties concerning 
 any fence embraced within this article, of the sufficiency thereof, the 
 matter shall he determined by the Aldermen for the time being of 
 the district in which such fence may he situated. 
 
 CHAPTER 4. 
 Article 1 — Surface Railroads. 
 
 Sec. 56. Each and ever}- passenger railroad car running in the 
 Borough of Manhattan shall pa\ into the City Treasury the sum of 
 $50 annually for a license; a certificate of such payment to he pro- 
 cured from the Mayor, except the one-horse passenger ears and the 
 Ninth Avenue Rail Road Company, which shall each pay the stun of 
 $25 annually for said license as aforesaid, and except such as pay the 
 um of 3 per cent, or over on the gross receipts, or where the 
 franchise has been sold at public sale to the highest bidder. 
 
 Sec. 57. Each certificate of payment of license shall he affixed 
 to some conspicuous place in the car. that it may he inspected by 
 the proper officer, to he designated and appointed by the Mayor. 
 
 Sec. 58. For every passenger car run upon any of the railroads 
 without the proper certificate of license, the proprietor or proprietors 
 thereof shall be subject to a penalty of $50 for each day every such 
 car shall he so run, to he recovered by the Corporation Counsel, as 
 in the case of other penalties, and for the bene fit of the City 
 Treasury. 
 
 Sec. 59. Ever}- railroad car company whose Cars are propelled 
 or driven within the limits of the Borough of Manhattan shall pro- 
 vide each passenger car. baggage car. freight car or other vehicle in 
 use by said company upon their tracks or track of other companies 
 used by them, within the Bon ugh limits, with a good light or lan- 
 tern, which shall he placed in a conspicuous position on the front ot 
 the car, to warn persons of its approach, between sunset and sunrise 
 of each day. 
 
 Sec. 60. Every such company which shall refuse or neglect to 
 conform with the provisions of the foregoing section shall he subject 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 267 
 
 to a penalty of $100 for each and every trip, or part of trip, through 
 the Hi rough limits made by a car of such company that i< not pro- 
 vided with said light, such penalty to he recovered in the name and 
 for the use of The City of Xew York. 
 
 Sec. 6l. It shall not be lawful for any railroad company to 
 operate any cars upon any portion of its route in the streets or high- 
 ways of the Borough of Manhattan, without providing for the opera- 
 tion and management of every such car a conductor as well as a 
 driver. 
 
 Sec. 62. For every trip or part of a trip made by any car of any 
 street railway company, in violation of the provisions of the fore- 
 going section of this ordinance, the company so offending shall he 
 subject to a penalty of $50 for each trip or part of a trip which such 
 car >hall so make, to he recovered by the Corporation Counsel, as in 
 the case of other penalties. 
 
 Sec. 63. In all cases where, by law. a passenger is entitled to be 
 carried for one fare over the route or routes of any company or com- 
 panies operating a street surface railroad or railway in the Borough 
 Of Manhattan, and such company or companies shall require to trans- 
 fer such passenger from one car to another, there shall be conspicu- 
 ously posted and maintained by such company or companies, on the 
 inside of every Car employed in traversing such route or routes, a 
 notice that a transfer ticket will be furnished without additional 
 charge to each and every passenger who, having paid one fare, de- 
 sires to traverse such route or routes. 
 
 Sec. 64. Ever}- violation of the foregoing provisions of this or- 
 dinance shall subject such company or companies to a penalty of $5 
 for each day, or part thereof, during w hich the notice above provided 
 for shall not be posted and maintained as hereinbefore required, in 
 each and every of the cars included in the foregoing section of this 
 ordinance, to be recovered on behalf of The City of New York by 
 the Corporation Counsel, in any court of competent jurisdiction. 
 
 Sec. 65. The several railroad companies now running cars on the 
 surface of any of the streets in the Borough of Manhattan are hereby 
 directed and required to cause their cars to be run and operated on 
 their tracks as frequently as public convenience may require, and 
 not less than one car every twenty minutes, between the hours of 
 t w elve .midnight and six o'clock a. m.. each and every day. both ways, 
 for the transportation of passengers. 
 
 Sec. 66. Each and every company who shall neglect or refuse 
 to comply with the provisions ot section 1 of this ordinance shall 
 
2<»8 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 thereby incur a penalty of 8100 for each and every such neglect or 
 refusal, to be recovered by the Corporation Counsel, as in the case 
 of other penalties. 
 
 Sec. 67. It shall be the duty of every person, company or cor- 
 poration operating or controlling any railroad in the Borough of The 
 Bronx, City of Xew York, upon which cars are drawn by locomotive 
 engines other than those known as "dummies," to erect and main- 
 tain suitable and substantial gates or doors on each and either side 
 Of said railroad, at every point in said Borough at which its road 
 or tracks cross any public street, road or avenue at the grade thereof. 
 Such gates or doors shall be kept well painted and in good repair, 
 and be attended at all times during the approach and passage of 
 cars or trains by sober, careful and experienced men. whose duty it- 
 shall be to keep the tracks clear of all horses, cattle and vehicles, to 
 properly warn all the persons again si crossing said tracks during 
 the approach of any train, locomotive or car, and to close said gates 
 or doors at least one minute before the passage of any locomotive, 
 engine or car over said public street, road or avenue. 
 
 Sec. 68. It shall not be lawful for any person, company or cor- 
 poration, operating or controlling any railroad in the Borough of The 
 Bronx, City of Xew York, to run or allow to be run any locomotive 
 or locomotive and tender without cars across any public street, road 
 or avenue n said Borough, unless the gates or doors at such cross- 
 ing are closed or down, or to permit any locomotive or steam en- 
 gine, car, carriage, wagon or vehicle of any kind whatever, to stand 
 for a longer time than five minutes at the intersection caused by the 
 crossing of such railroad and any public street, road, or avenue at 
 the grade thereof. 
 
 Sec. 69. Every failure to comply with the provisions of this or- 
 dinance on the part of the president, directors, superintendent or 
 other officers of any company or corporation, or on the part of any 
 person or persons operating or controlling any such railroad, shall be 
 deemed a misdemeanor, and the person or persons so offending shall 
 be punished on conviction before any of the City Magistrates of The 
 City of New York, pursuant to the provisions of section 85 of The 
 N( w York City Consolidation Act of 1882. 
 
 Sec. 70. It shall be unlawful for any railroad company or com- 
 panies using the tunnel or tunnels in Park avenue, and for any mana- 
 ger, employee or servant of such company or companies to permit 
 bituminous coal smoke- to escape from any locomotive while in or 
 running through said tunnels. 
 
 Sec. 71. .Any company, manager or employee or servant of any 
 railroad company or companies who shall allow or suffer any viola- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 261 
 
 tion of this ordinance to be committed within any of said tunnels 
 shall pay a penalty of $50, and in default of payment of such fine, 
 shall be punished by imprisonment, as provided by section 85 of the 
 New York City Consolidation Act of 1882. 
 
 Sec. 72. Such penalty shall be without prejudice to the right oJ 
 action of any person injured by violation of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 73. The several railroad companies whose lines terminate at 
 the port of New York may draw or cause to be drawn their freight 
 cars by the use of dummy engines furnished by the said railroads, 
 or the Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company as 
 may be agreed upon, between the hours of 7 o'clock in the evening 
 and 5 o'clock in the morning, betwen the 15th day of .April and the 
 15th day of September, and between the hours of 6 o'clock in the 
 evening and 5.30 o'clock in the morning, between the 15th day ol 
 September and the 15th day of April in each year, over the railroad 
 tracks used by the said Central Park, North and East River Rait 
 road Company on West street, and from West street to and on the 
 East river side of the Borough of Manhattan as far as Orand street, 
 with the consent of said company, and also to lay down railroad 
 tracks to and upon any of the bulkheads and piers and into ware- 
 houses on the North and East rivers to connect with any railroad 
 tracks now laid on West street, and also to connect with any rail- 
 road tracks from West street to Orand street, on or near the Easl 
 river, used by the said Central Park, North and East River Railroad 
 Company, with the necessary branches, switches and turnouts, and 
 to run freight cars thereon, provided the consent of the owners, 
 lessee or lessees of said bulkheads and piers and warehouses for the 
 construction of said branches, switches and turnouts be first had and 
 obtained. Every railroad company which shall avail itself of the 
 permission hereby granted shall limit the number of loaded cars tfl 
 be drawn by a dummy engine at any one time to fifteen and the 
 speed of said engine to six miles an hour, and shall pay to The Citj 
 of New York an annual license fee of $50 for each dummy engine 
 run by said company. None of said cars shall be permitted to stand 
 on said railroad tracks, nor shall they be loaded or unloaded excep.1 
 on said bulkheads and piers or in said warehouses. Provided always 
 that said Central Park, North and East River Railroad Company 
 shall extend equal privileges to said first-mentioned companies foi 
 the use of its railroad tracks. 
 
 Sec. 74. The Sixth Avenue .Railroad Company, or the. Metro- 
 politan Street Railway C« mpany, lessee thereof, shall be required to 
 run cars over so much of its route as continues from West Thin! 
 street and Sixth avenue to Carmine street, to Varick street, to W all? 
 
210 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 street, to the Desbrosses street ferry and return, in the Borough of 
 Manhattan, at intervals of not more than live minutes, between the 
 hours of 5 o'clock a. in. and i I o'clock p. nr., under a penalty of $25 
 tor each violation of this provision. 
 
 See. 75. The Metropolitan Street Railway Company be and it i> 
 hereby directed to have placed on each and every ear operated on the 
 Lexington avenue branch of its system a sign indicating in plain let- 
 ters the exaet stepping point at the end of the run of each and every 
 car so operated on said Lexington avenue branch of the railroad 
 system of the Metropoitan Street Railway Company. 
 
 Sec. 76. Each and every violation of the provisions of the Fore- 
 going section shall be subject to a line of not less than ten (10) 
 dollars. 
 
 Article 2 — Elevated Railroads. 
 
 See. 77. There shall be phund or suspended and lighted, beneath 
 each depot station of the several elevated railways in the Borough of 
 Manhattan] two lights of gas, or other illuminating material of not 
 less power, inclosed in "boulevard lamps" or glass globes, of such 
 pattern and in such places under said depots as shall be approved by 
 the President of the Borough, and every such light shall be kept 
 burning during the same hours as the ordinary street lamps. Every 
 failure to comply with the provisions of this section on the part of 
 the president, superintendent, directors or other officer of every such 
 railroad company, shall be deemed a misdemeanor, and shall be pun- 
 ished, on conviction before any of the City Magistrates of The City 
 of New York, by a fine not exceeding ten dollars ($10) for each 
 offense, or in default of payment of such line, by imprisonment not 
 exceeding ten days. 
 
 Sec. 78. It shall not be lawful to permit any oil, grease, water, 
 coals, scraps of iron, tools, or other liquid or solid substances, to 
 fall or be dropped or be thrown from any engine, ear, track, depot 
 or other portion of the elevated railroads, into or upon any street, 
 avenue or public place in the Borough of Manhattan; and every per- 
 son offending against the above provisions of this section, and the 
 president, superintendent, directors or other officers of every such 
 railroad company who shall permit or allow any of the employees, 
 agents, or servants of any railroad company to violate any of said 
 provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and on conviction thereof before any of the Police Magistrates of 
 this City, shall pay a line not exceeding ten dollars ($10) for each 
 offense, or in default of payment of said line, shall be punished by 
 imprisonment not exceeding ten days. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 271 
 
 Sec. 79. Ail elevated railroad companies or other companies op- 
 crating elevated railroads in the Borough of Manhattan shall place 
 a guard-rail and a hoard pathway on each side and in the centre of 
 such elevated railroad structures throughout the entire length thereof 
 and keep and maintain the same, and that for a violation of this 
 ordinance each elevated railroad company or other company oper- 
 ating such railroads shall he liable to a line of not less than fifty 
 dollars ($50) for each day of such violation. 
 
 CHAPTER 5— MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES. 
 Article 1 — To Prevent Injury to Hose at Fires. 
 
 Sec. 80. The driver of any vehicle who shall drive any such 
 vehicle over or across any hose in use, or about to be used, or while 
 lying in the carriageway after being used in any street, avenue Or 
 public place in the Borough of Manhattan, by any portion of the Fire 
 Department, for extinguishing any lire that may occur within the 
 limits of said Borough, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and an conviction thereof before any Police Magistrate, shall pay a 
 line of $10, or in default of the payment of such hue, by imprison 
 ment, provided such imprisonment does not exceed ten days. 
 
 Sec. 81. The provisions of this last preceding section shall not 
 apply to drivers of wagons carrying the United States mail, t" 
 ambulance^! when conveying any patient or injured person to any 
 hospital, or when proceeding to the scene of any accident by which 
 any person or persons have been injured; or to any driver of any 
 vehicle who may be permitted to drive over or across any such hose 
 by the officer of the Fire Department in command of the force op- 
 erating at any such lire, and under his direction. 
 
 Article 2 — Placards on Lamp-posts, etc. 
 
 Sec. 82. No person shall attach, place or paste, or cause to be 
 attached, placed or pasted any sign, advertisement, notice or hand 
 bill, or other matter on any curbstone, flagstone or any other p >r- 
 tion or part of any sidewalk or curbstone in the Borough of Man- 
 hattan, under a like penalty. 
 
 Sec. 83. The violation of any of the provisions of the preceding 
 section shall be punishable by a line of not less than $] or more 
 than $10. 
 
 Article 3 — Defacing Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 84. No person shall deface any sidewalk in the Borough of 
 Manhattan, by printing thereon any advertisement or other matter, 
 without the consent of the owner thereof, under penalty of $5 lor 
 each offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE GITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Article 4 — Blasting of Rocks. 
 
 Sec. 85, In all cases of blasting rock within the Borough of 
 Manhattan, each blast, before firing it, shall be covered on the top 
 and sides with tin sufficiently large to cover the rock to be broken, 
 and the tin to be covered with at least twelve timbers 10 inches square 
 and 10 feet long each, to be held together at each end by -a chain of 
 either steel or iron three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The ex- 
 plosive to be used shall not exceed one pound in weight of 40 per 
 cent, explosive for each 4 feet depth of hole that is not 10 feet below 
 the curb, and one pound in weight of 60 per cent, explosive for each 
 4 feet depth of hole that is more than 10 feet below the curb. 
 
 Sec. 86. Three minutes' notice before firing the blasts shall be 
 given by displaying a red flag on a staff not less than 10 feet high, 
 set in a conspicuous place within 25 feet of the point where the charge 
 i- placed, and also by calirig out the words "A blast" several times 
 repeated and loud enough to be distinctly heard at a distance of 200 
 Feet from the point of discharge, and shall notify the occupants of all 
 hou>es within three hundred (300) feet of the place of blasting on the 
 •Morning of each day upon which blasting shall be done. 
 
 Sec. 87. For every violation of cither of the preceding sections of 
 Shis article the offending party, upon complaint and conviction there- 
 of before a City Magistrate, shall be liable to a fine of $25, ^fnd stand 
 &ommitted until the same is paid. 
 
 Article 5 — Ice Wagons. 
 
 Sec. 88. It shall not be lawful for the owner or driver of any 
 n agon used for the sale of ice in any of the streets, avenues or public 
 places in the Borough of Manhattan, to permit or allow the scale 
 thereon, or the beam to which it may be attached, or other imple-> 
 ments for handling ice, to project or hang outside or beyond the side 
 or end of such wagon when in motion, under the penalty prescribed 
 by section 85 of the New York Consolidation Act. 
 
 Article 6 — Racing Horses. 
 
 Sec. 89. No person shall run or race any horse in any public 
 street, road or avenue in the Borough of Manhattan, nor shall con- 
 sent to or suffer such racing, under the penalty of $50 to be recovered 
 from the person or persons who shall so race, or suffer or permit such 
 racing, and the owner, rider and the person having charge of any ani- 
 mal which shall so race and run. severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 90. The last preceding section of this article shall be con- 
 strued to prevent and punish the running, racing or trotting of any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 273 
 
 horse or horses, for any trial of speed or for the purpose of passing 
 any other horse or horses, whether the same be founded upon any 
 stake, bet or otherwise. 
 
 See. 91. Xo person shall drive any horse before a sleigh or 
 sled through any of the public streets or avenues of the Borough of 
 Manhattan, unless there shall be a sufficient number of bells attached 
 to the harness of sueh horse and sleigh or sled to warn persons 
 of his approach, under the penalty of $10 for each offense, to be 
 paid by the driver, owner or person having the care, charge or 
 keeping thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
 Article 7 — Automobiles. 
 
 Sec. 92. The Mayor of The City of Xew York shall, from time 
 to time, issue licenses, under hi- hand and seal, to so many and 
 such persons as he shall think proper, to keep for hire, in the said 
 City, horseless coaches, carriages and cabs, designed for propulsion 
 by electricity supplied by an electric storage battery or batteries, 
 and may revoke any and all of said licenses for cause. 
 
 Sec. The provisions and penalties of the ordinances of said 
 
 City of New York relating to the licensing of hackney coaches or 
 cabs and drivers thereof, and to rates and prices of fares, so far as 
 the same may be consistent, shall apply to coaches, carriages and 
 cabs to be licensed hereunder, and to the owners and drivers thereof. 
 
 Sec. 94. Every such horseless coach, carriage or cab shall be 
 equipped with a bell to be used to signal its approach to pedestrians 
 and t<. other vehicle.-. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 ORDINANCES AFFECTING THAT PART OF THE CITY OF 
 NEW YORK INCLUDED WITHIN THE BOROUGH 
 a OF BROOKLYN. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Article 1 — The Borough President. 
 
 Sec. 1. The Borough President shall have the power to grant 
 permits to builders to occupy not to exceed one-third of the carriage- 
 way of any street or avenue with building material, provided in his 
 opinion the public interests and convenience will not suffer thereby. 
 Such permits shall provide expressly that they are given upon con- 
 dition that the sidewalks and gutters shall at all times be kept clear 
 and unobstructed, and that all dirt and rubbish shall be promptly 
 removed from time to time by the party obtaining such permit, and 
 all such permits may be revoked by him at pleasure. Xo such permit 
 
274 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 shall be granted to any builder or builders unless such builder or 
 builders shall at the time said permit is granted have on deposit with 
 the Borough President, the sum of fifty dollars ($."">()), as a guarantee 
 that he or they will promptly comply with the eonditions of all 
 permits which may be so granted, including the prompt removal 
 of all dirt and rubbish placed upon the street from time to time, 
 and also for the prompt removal after the expiration or revocation 
 of any such permit, of any building material placed upon any street 
 or avenue thereunder. 
 
 The Borough President is hereby authorized and empowered t<> 
 use so much of the moneys so deposited as may be required to effect 
 the prompt removal of such dirt or rubbish as may be from time 
 to time left upon the streets by the party making said deposit, and 
 also for the purpose of removing any building material which may 
 remain thereon after the expiration or revocation of any permit under 
 •which it was so placed. 
 
 In case any such deposit shall become impaired or exhausted by 
 its use hy said Borough President in the removal of dirt, rubbish or 
 building material, the amount shall be made up immediately to the 
 sum of fifty dollars ($."><)). on notice from said Borough President and 
 in default thereof, all permits theretofore issued to the builder or build- 
 ers failing to comply with such notice shall be revoked and no permit 
 shall be . thereafter granted him or them until such deposit be made 
 good. 
 
 An}' builder or builders may at any time withdraw his or their 
 -aid deposit provided said builder or builders hold no unexpired 
 permits and have fully complied with all the conditions of all premits 
 theretofore issued, otherwise said builder or builders shall be only 
 entitled to withdraw and receive as much of said deposit as may re- 
 main unexpended after the provisions of this section relative to the 
 use of said money for the removal of dirt, rubbish or building ma^ 
 terial, as the case may be. have been carried into effect. 
 
 Sec. 2. Whenever any person or persons, corporation or corpo- 
 rations, association or associations, shall leave any building materials 
 (telegraph poles or other obstructions on any public street or place, 
 or shall make any excavations therein under the authority ot any 
 law, ordinance or permit, suitable lights shall be placed thereon in 
 the night time to indicate such obstructions or excavations. Any 
 such person or persons, corporation or corporations, association 
 or associations neglecting to comply with the provisions of this sec- 
 tion, shall be liable to pay a penalty of twenty-live dollars ($2.')) for 
 each and every offense: provided, however, that nothing herein con- 
 tained shall be construed to authorize the construction or excavation 
 of any street or place except as the same is authorized or provided 
 by law or ordinance. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 3- Aii\- person or persons owning or occupying premises in 
 from of which the gutter has been bridged to facilitate the passage 
 of vehicles, shall keep the gutter under such bridge free from ob- 
 structions, and in default of their so doing in any case, the Borough 
 President is authorized to remove said bridge, clean the gutter there- 
 under and, in his discretion, to replace said bridge or restore said 
 street to its original condition, all of said work to be done at the 
 cost of the said person or persons so owning or occupying the said 
 premises, to be recovered by an action to be brought by the Corpo- 
 ration Counsel for that purpose. 
 
 Article 2 — The Commissioner of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity. 
 
 Sec. 4. In case any person shall trespass on any part of the em- 
 bankment of the reservoirs, or go or remain on the same without 
 permission of the proper persons having charge of the same; or in 
 case any person does not comply with the regulations of the Depart- 
 ment of Water Supply. Gas and Electricity, as to the time they shall 
 leave the embankment of >>aid reservoirs, or the grounds or buildings 
 attached to said reservoirs, that then, and in that case, such person 
 shall be subject to a tine of $25, to be levied and collected in the 
 manner aforesaid: and in default of payment, imprisonment as in 
 like manner, not to exceed 25 days in the City prison. 
 
 Art/cle 3 — Sidewalks and Roadways. 
 
 Sec. 5. In all streets of the Borough of Brooklyn of the width 
 of 40 feet and upwards which shall hereafter be paved, the sidewalks 
 or foot walks between the Lines of the street and kennels shall be of 
 the following width, that is to say: 
 
 "In all streets 40 feet wide. 10 feet/' 
 
 "In all streets 50 feet wide, 13 feet." 
 
 "In all streets 60 feet wide. 15 feet." 
 
 "In all street 70 feet wide, is feet." 
 
 "In all streets 80 feet wide. L9 feet." 
 
 "In all streets SO feet wide, and not exceeding 100 feet. 20 feet." 
 
 "In all streets le>> than 40 feet in width, such proportion thereof 
 as may be directed by the Board of Aldermen shall be used and flag- 
 ged for the sidewalks and footpaths." 
 
 On all streets of the Borough of Brooklyn of 66 feet which here- 
 after be paved, the sidewalks or footwalks between the line of the 
 streets and kennels shall be is feet in width. 
 
 Sec. 6. All sidewalks in the Borough of Brooklyn which shall 
 hereafter be laid shall be raised from the curbstone in the proportion 
 of two (2) inches on ten (10) feet under the penalty of $10. to be 
 
276 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 sued For and recovered from the person laying the same, and the 
 owner or owners of the lot fronting on the sidewalk severally and 
 respectively. 
 
 Sec. 7. All sidewalks in the Borough of Brooklyn, and the flag- 
 ging or other materials which the same shall he laid or covered, shall 
 be repaired and kept in repair at the expense of the owner or owners 
 of the premises or lots fronting or adjoining the sidewalk. 
 
 Sec. 8. When any sidewalk in said City shall be out of repair in 
 any way, or the flags or other material with which it is laid or cov- 
 ered shall he loose, broken, decayed, removed or otherwise out of 
 repair, the Borough President shall report the same to the Board 
 of Aldermen, and if, after the authorization thereto by -aid Board 
 the owner or owners of record of any lot or premises fronting or 
 adjoining such sidewalk shall refuse or neglect to repair tin- same 
 in a good, sufficient and proper manner, as required by the Borough 
 President within ten days after a written or printed notice shall have 
 been served by such officer or other person in his name, on such 
 owner or owners, or either of them personally, or shall have left 
 at the place of residence of such owner or owners, or either of them 
 in this City, or if such owner or owners or any of them do not reside 
 in this City and such notice shall not be personally served, then within 
 fifteen days after such notice shall have been served by mail, addressed 
 to said owner or owners at his place of residence, or where such resi- 
 dence is unknown to the said Borough President, posted in a con- 
 spicuous place on said premises, such owner or owners shall severally 
 forfeit and pay $25 for each lot fronting on or adjoining the side- 
 walk which shall not have been repaired by such owner or owners 
 within the time and in the manner above provided. 
 
 And the Borough President may, with the consent of the Board 
 of Aldermen, after a like notice or without notice of such sidewalk 
 be in a dangerous condition, cause the same to be repaired as afore- 
 said at the expense of such owner or owners. The penalty aforesaid 
 and the cost and expense of repairing, where done by the said Bor- 
 ough President to be sued for and recovered in the name of The 
 City of New York. The Corporation Counsel shall cause a state* 
 ment of such cost and expense, together with a description of such 
 premises, to be filed in the office of the County Clerk of the County 
 of Kings. 
 
 Sec. 9. Any owner or owners of property in the Borough of 
 Brooklyn may lay a sidewalk in front of his. her or their premises, oi 
 such material and in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance, 
 or by the Borough President, but no sidewalk shall be so laid unless 
 under a written permit issued by the Borough President, which permit 
 shall state the kind of material to be used in forming such sidewalk. 
 If bluestone or granite flags are to beused. they shall be of the fol- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK XEW YORK. 
 
 277 
 
 lowing dimensions, to wit: Not less than five (.">) feet in length nor 
 less than three (.']) feet in width, and not less than two and one-half 
 (2 1-2) inches in thickness at the thinnest part, provided, however, 
 that where the sidewalk is to he laid the full width thereof, the outer 
 and inner courses of flags may be of a lesser length, but shall con- 
 form to the other courses in thickness and width. Each and every 
 course to be of flags of uniform length. The specifications for flag- 
 ging the sidewalks of various streets in the Borough of Brooklyr 
 to be done under public contracts, shall apply to the work to be don< 
 under any permit issued as aforesaid in every respect as to quality 
 of stone, foundation for flagging, tilling of joints, regulating the 
 grade of sidewalks, relaying of sidewalks to full width, cleaning up 
 rubbish, defective work, condemned material, etc.. so far as the 
 same can be made properly applicable to such private work. The 
 penalty for violation of any of the foregoing provisions shall be 
 $10 for each offense. 
 
 It shall be the duty of the Borough President to insert ir: all 
 specifications for flagging sidewalks with bluestone flagging under 
 proceedings for assessing the cost thereof upon the owner of the 
 abutting property, the following provisions: 
 
 "All flags to be laid under contract of which these specific;.' • ns 
 form a part shall be of the following dimensions, to wit: Not less 
 than five (5) feet in length, nor less than three (3) feet in width, nor 
 less than two and one-half (2 1-2) inches in thickness at their thinnest 
 part, provided, however, that when the sidewalks is to be laid the full 
 width thereof, the outer and innner courses of flags may be of a 
 lesser length, but shall conform to the other courses in thickness 
 and width and each and every course shall be of a uniform length. 
 The flags shall be placed upon the carriageway or sidewalk adjoin- 
 ing the premises in front of which such flagging is to be done and 
 shall not be placed in position until the same have been inspected 
 by some authorized Inspector from the Borough President, nor until 
 the bed for such flags shall have been approved by such Inspector." 
 
 Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the Borough President to remove 
 any flagging which may be hereafter laid contrary to the provi-i< ns 
 of the preceding section, the cost and expense of which, together 
 with the penalty aforesaid, shall be recoverable in any proper form 
 of action of the owner or owners, or occupant of the premises apper- 
 taining to the same respectively; such action to be taken in the 
 name of The City of Xew York. 
 
 The Corporation Counsel shall cause a statement of such cost 
 and expense, together with the description of such premises, to be 
 filed in the. office of the County Clerk of the County of King-. 
 
 Sec. 11. In all eases where the sidewalk or carriageway »; t 
 street shall be encumbered or obstructed by the caving in or falling 
 
278 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 off of any dirt, earth, rubbish or anything whatever, from any lot 
 adjoining such sidewalk's or carriageway, it shall be the duty of 
 the owner, owners or occupant of such lot to cause the said dirt, 
 earth, rubbish or other thing to be removed and cleaned from such 
 sidewalk or carriageway within ten days after a written or printed 
 notice shall have been served by the Borough President or other 
 person in his name, on such owner or owners, or either of them 
 personally, or shall have been left at the place of residence of such 
 owner or owners, or either of them, in this City, or if such owner or 
 owners or any of them do not reside in this City, and such notice 
 shall not be personally served, then within twenty days after such 
 notice -hall be sent by mail, addressed to such owner or owners 
 at his place of residence, or when such residence is unknown to the 
 said Borough President, posted in a conspicuous place on said premi 
 ses. 
 
 Sec. 1:2. If such owner, occupant or agent does not remove such 
 dirt, rubbish or anything whatsoever from the sidewalk or thorough- 
 fare fronting his premises within the time specified in the foregoing 
 -ection after notice thereof, it shall be the duty of the Borough Presi- 
 dent to cause the same to be removed at the expense of said owner 
 or owners, his or their occupant or agent, and such expenses shall be 
 sued for and recovered in the name of The City of Xew York, in 
 addition to the penalty imposed by the preceding section. The Cor- 
 poration Counsel shall cause a statement of such cost and expense, 
 together with the description of such premises, to be hied in the 
 office of the County Clerk of the County of Kings. 
 
 Sec. 13. Any owner or owners of property in the Borough of 
 Brooklyn may lay a granolithic, cement or concrete sidewalk in 
 front of his, her or their premises, hut no sidewalk shall be so laid 
 without a written permit issued by the Borough President. When- 
 ever such sidewalk is to be laid there shall be a foundation therefor 
 at least twelve (12) inches in thickness, composed of steam cinders 
 or clean, sharp gravel resting on a linn base. All material, composi- 
 tion and work shall conform to specifications approved by the Chief 
 Engineer and the Borough President, on tile in his Department; 
 and all provisions of these ordinances as to the inspection of material 
 or work in the flagging of sidewalks or as to the remedy to be applied 
 in the case of Magging inmproperly laid, shall apply equally to the 
 sidewalks laid under this section. 
 
 Sec. 14. The widths of the roadways and the sidewalks of the 
 streets in the Twenty-ninth and Thirty-second Wards of the Bor- 
 ough of Brooklyn are hereby fixed at the dimensions prescribed by 
 the ordinances of the former City of Brooklyn, instead of the dimen- 
 sions indicated upon the title pages of the maps of the former Towns 
 of I'latbush. Xew L'tretch. GraveSend and Flatlands, except in the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 279 
 
 case of the following-named streets and avenues where the width 
 of roadways and sidewalks shall remain as shown upon the above- 
 mentioned town survey maps, and where the streets have already 
 been paved : 
 
 Thirteenth avenue within the limits of the Twenty-ninth Ward. 
 Sixteenth avenue within the limits of the Twenty-ninth Ward. 
 Malbone street, within the limits of the Twenty-ninth Ward. 
 East Xew York avenue within the limits of the Twenty-ninth 
 Ward. 
 
 Church avenue for its entire length. 
 
 Tilden avenue (formerly Vernon avenue), between Flatbush 
 avenue and Holy Cross Cemetery. 
 
 Cortlyou road, for its entire length. 
 Clarendon road, for its entire length. 
 
 Avenue E (or Ditmars avenue), between Coney Island avenue and 
 West avenue, and between Remsen avenue and RockaAvay avenue. 
 
 Avenue F, between Rogers avenue and Ocean avenue. 
 
 Flatlands avenue, within the limits of the Thirty-second Ward. 
 
 Rogers avenue, from Malbone street to Flatbush avenue. 
 
 New York avenue, from Malbone street to Church avenue. 
 
 Albany avenue, from Malbone street to its southerly end. 
 
 Utica avenue, from East Xew York avenue to Flatbush avenue. 
 
 Ralph avenue, from Remsen avenue to Avenue T. 
 
 Remsen avenue for its entire length. 
 
 East Ninety-second street for its entire length. 
 
 Rockaway parkway for its entire length. 
 
 Avenue T, between Ralph avenue and Flatbush avenue. 
 
 Flatbush avenue, between Malbone street and Jamaica Bay. 
 
 Nostrand avenue, from Malbone street to the boundary line- 
 between Thirty-first and Thirty-second Wards. 
 
 Coney Island avenue, within the limits of the Twenty '-ninth 
 Ward. 
 
 Brooklyn avenue, from Church avenue to Avenue C. 
 
 East Ninety-third street, from Avenue X to Jamaica Bay. 
 
 East .Ninety-eighth street for its entire length. 
 
 Avenue X', from Remsen avenue to East Ninety-third street, and 
 from Flatbush avenue to Avenue U. 
 
 Avenue U, from Avenue X to Jamaica Bay. 
 
 Linden avenue, from East Ninety-second street to Rockaway 
 parkway. 
 
 Avenue A within the limits of the Thirty-second W ard. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER. 
 Article 1 — General Provisions. 
 
 Sec. L5. The provisions ot this ordinance shall apply to the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THH CITY OF XKW YORK 
 
 Borough of Brooklyn, and every pari thereof, except in cases other- 
 wise expressed, and the penalty for violating any of the same shall 
 be $H> for each offense, except in cases where a different penalty is 
 by this ordinance imposed for any violation thereof, and every person 
 violating any of such provisions shall be liable for such penalty 
 for each offense respectively. 
 
 Article 2 — Nuisances. 
 
 Sec. 1G. No person shall swim or bathe in the waters of or 
 abounding the Borough of Brooklyn by day, or in such water within 
 200 feel of any ferry or other public landing or bridge, at any time 
 without* being clothed so as to prevent any indecent exposure of the 
 body. 
 
 Sec. IT. No person shall deal, play, or engage in faro, roulette 
 or other device or game of chance, hazard or address, either as banker 
 player, dealer, or otherwise, for the purpose of gambling. 
 
 See. IS. Xo person shall wash, or cause to be washed, any cart, 
 carriage or other vehicle in any street, avenue or public place. 
 
 Sec. 19. Xo person shall raise or fly, or attempt to raise or fly, 
 any kite in any street or avenue. 
 
 Sec. 20. No bean shooter or other instrument for throwing 
 bullet-, stones or beans, shall be sold or offered for sale in the 
 Borough of Brooklyn, nor shall any bean shooter or other such 
 instrument be used in said City by any person for throwing bullets, 
 stones or other missiles or carried in said Borough by any person, 
 with the intention of being so used, under a penalty of not to exceed 
 ten (10) dollars for each and every offense. 
 
 Sec, 21. Xo person shall throw or cast any stone or other mis- 
 sile, in. from or to any street, lane, public place or unenclosed ground. 
 
 Sec. 22. No person shall raise or assist in raising a false alarm 
 >f fire, or shall make a cry of fire without any apparent cause there- 
 for, for the purpose of an alarm: or shall, unless he be a duly ap- 
 pointed bell ringer, ring any bell for the- purpose of raising an alarm 
 of fire, except in case of fire. 
 
 Sec. 23. Xo person shall paste, post, pain reprint or nail upon 
 or "ther public place of the Borough of Brooklyn by lounging in 
 or about the same. 
 
 Sec. 3 1. Xo person shall paste, post, paint, print or nail upon 
 any of the curb, gutter or flag stones, trees, lamp-posts, awning posts, 
 horse posts, telegraph poles, barrels, boxes and hydrants in any of 
 the public streets or avenues of this Borough any handbill, poster, 
 notice, sign or advertisement, under a penalty of $10 for each and 
 every offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF \'EW YORK. 281 
 
 Article 3 — Protection from Fire. 
 
 Sec. 2."). No person shall take or use in any barn or -table within 
 the said Borough any lighted candle, oil or fluid lamp, or any burning: 
 light of any kind whatsoever, unless the same 'be inclosed and secured 
 in a good glass, horn or other lantern. 
 
 Sec 26. No person shall, within the said Borough, deposit ashes 
 on the wooden floor of any building, or in any barrel, or box or other 
 wooden vessel standing on any such floor, or place any such barrel, 
 box, or other vessel containing: ashes, upon any such floor. 
 
 Sec. 27. Xo person shall drive any vehicle over any hose 
 stretched or laid at any fire or alarm of fire in the Borough of Brook- 
 lyn, under a penalty of $10 for each and every offense. 
 
 Article 4 — Atlantic Avenue Railroad Crossings. 
 
 Sec. 28. Xo person shall attempt to cross the railroad on Atlantic 
 avenue at an}- street crossing, while the gates for the protection of 
 such crossings are closed, or being closed, under a penalty of five 
 ($5.00) dollars for every offense, and it shall be the duty of t L e police 
 at once to arrest any person so offending. 
 
 Article 5 — Vault Covers, etc. 
 
 Sec. 20. Xo person shall remove or insecurely fix, or cause, or 
 procure, or suffer, or permit to be removed or to be insecurely fixed, 
 so that the same can be moved in its bed. an}- grate or covering or 
 aperture of any vault or chute under any street or avenue, but n< (th- 
 ing herein contained shall prevent the owner or occupant of the 
 building with which such shall be connected, from removing such 
 grate or covering for the proper purpose of such vault or chute, pro- 
 viding he inclose such opening or aperture, and keep the same in- 
 closed while such grate or covering shall be removed, with a strong 
 box or curb at least 12 inches high, firmly and securely made, and 
 provided that openings of more than two square feet of superficial 
 area shall be inclosed at such times with strong railings not les-; than 
 3 feet higlu to be approved by the Borough President, and provided 
 further that such grates or coverings shall not be removed until after 
 sunrise of any day and shall be replaced before one-half hour after 
 sunset. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— PARTITIOX FEXCES AND WALLS. 
 
 Sec. 30. All partition fences in the Borough of Brooklyn shall 
 be made and maintained by the owners of land on each side, and 
 each party shall make and keep in repair one-half part thereof when 
 it can be conveniently divided. 
 
282 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 31. In case of any disputes between the parties concerning 
 the division of any such fence, or as to what part or portion of it 
 >hall be made or repaired by each party, respectively, and in all cases 
 -of dispute concerning the insufficiency of any fence in the Borough 
 of Brooklyn, the matter shall be determined by an Alderman of the 
 Borough residing in the ward in which such partition or other fence 
 is situated, or by an Alderman residing in an adjacent ward, in case 
 there should not be a resident Alderman . within the boundaries of 
 the ward in which such dispute arises 
 
 Sec. 32. When any partition fence cannot be conveniently di- 
 vided, the same shall be made and kepi in repair at the joint and 
 equal expense of the owners of the land on each side. 
 
 Sec. 33. When the regulation of a lot. in conformity with the 
 street of which it is situated, shall require the ground of such lot 
 be raised and kept up higher than the ground of the adjoining lot or 
 lot.-, and a partition wall for supporting the same shall be necessary, 
 Such partition shall be made and maintained by the owners, respect- 
 ively, of the land on each side: and when the same can.bg equally 
 divided each party shall make and keep in repair one-half part thereof. 
 
 Sec. 3-1. If any dispute shall arise concerning the division of 
 such partition wall between the parties, or as to what part or portion 
 of it should be made or repaired by each party respectively, or con- 
 cerning the sufficiency of any such partition wall, the same shall be 
 determined by the Alderman as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 3."). Where any partition wall cannot conveniently be divided, 
 the same shall be made and kept in repair at the joint and equal ex- 
 pense of the owners of the land on each side. 
 
 Sec. 36. The regulation of lots, in conformity with the street, 
 should be calculated not to exceed a descent of 2 inches to every 10 
 feet. ■ 
 
 Sec. 37. Where any < wner or owners shall insist on maintaining 
 In-, her or their ground" higher than such regulation, the surplus par- 
 tition wall which may be necessary to support such height shall be 
 made and maintained at the individual expense of such owner or 
 owners. 
 
 Sec. 38. Where any such owner or owners shall insist on reg- 
 ulating his, her or their ground with a descent less than 2 inches on 
 every 10 feet, the surplus partition wall necessary to support the 
 ground in the adjoining lot. regulated in conformity with the fore- 
 going sections, shall, in like manner, be made and maintained at the 
 individual expense of such owner or ( wners. 
 
 Sec. 3,9. If any person whose duty it may be to make or repair 
 any partition wall, or any part thereof, in pursuance of the provision 
 of this ordinan.ee, shall neglect to do so for six days after being re- 
 quested, in writing, by the owner or occupant of the adjoining ground.. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. m 283 
 
 it shall be lawful for such owner or occupant to make or repair such 
 partition fence or wall, or cause the same to be done, and to recover 
 from such person the expense of making or repairing so much thereof 
 as ought to have been made or repaired by him or her, together with 
 costs of suit, in any court having cognizance thereof. 
 
 Sec. 40. All outside and boundary fences, and all fences erected 
 on the line of any public road, street, lane or avenues in the Borough 
 of Brooklyn, shall be at least ."> feet high, and shall be built of good 
 and substantial materials, and sufficiently in all respects to keep out 
 and prevent the encroachment of cattle, sheep, hogs and other animal-, 
 and shall be kept in good repair, and of the height mentioned. Nothing 
 herein contained shall apply to court yards or iron railings. 
 
 Sec. 41. The owner or owners, lessee or lessees, tenant, or ten 
 ants, of any lot. piece of ground or premises, upon which any fence 
 not of the height, and that shall not be erected in the manner or 
 maintained at the height mentioned in the preceding section, or who 
 having erected the same, shall not keep the same in good repair, shall 
 not recover for any damage he. they or she may sustain from any 
 cattle, sheep, hog or other animal doing damage upon his, their oi- 
 lier premises, unless such animals shall have been unlawfully at large: 
 nor shall any cattle, sheep, hogs or other animals be placed in pound 
 for doing damage, unless such fence be erected and kept of the height 
 and in the manner mentioned in the eleventh section, unless such 
 animals shall have been unlawfully at large. 
 
 Sec. 4:1. In case of any dispute between the parties concerning 
 any fence embraced within this chapter, or the sufficiency thereof, 
 tiie matter shall be determined by an Alderman of the Borough re- 
 siding in the ward in which such fence is situated, or by an Alderman 
 residing in an adjoining ward, in case there should not be a resident 
 Alderman within the boundaries in which such dispute arises. 
 
 See. 4:!. Any owner of a vacant lot or lots in the Borough who 
 shall refuse or neglect to fence the same, after having received ten 
 days' notice of the adoption by the Board of Aldermen of an ordi- 
 nance directing him to fence the same, in pursuance of an order of 
 the Department of Health, declaring the same necessary to abate a 
 nuisance, shall incur a penalty of live ($5.00) dollars, and of five ($5.00) 
 dollars for every ten days thereafter that such lot or lots continue 
 unfenced. 
 
 CHAPTER 4— STREET MUSICIANS. 
 
 Sec. 44. Xo person shall engage in the business of a street musi- 
 cian playing for hire or voluntary contributions from door to door, 
 or otherwise, without having first obtained a license therefor. Licens< - 
 shall be granted for such purpose by the Mayor upon the terms and 
 conditions hereinafter provided. The provisions of this ordinance 
 
184 " ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 shall apply only to itinerant musicians and shall not be construed 
 so as to affect any hand of music or organized musical or religious 
 societies engaged in any military or civic parade, or to any musical 
 performance conducted under a license from municipal authority. 
 
 Sec. 45. Licenses to carry on the occupation of street musician 
 shall he granted by the Mayor to such persons who apply therefor, 
 provided that the person or nersons applying shall have been residents 
 of the Borough of Brooklyn for at least one year prior to such appli- 
 cation, and shall pay for such license the sum of $10, said license to 
 be renewed from year to year upon the annual payment of said license 
 fee. The term of residence required hy this ordinance shall be proved 
 by affidavit of the person applying for such license and of two other 
 persons residents of said Borough, which affidavits shall state the dif- 
 ferent places of residence in said Borough occupied by said applicant 
 during the year preceding such application. 
 
 Sec. 46. No person shall use or perforin with any musical in- 
 strument, including a hand organ, in any of the streets or public places 
 of the Borough of Brooklyn before the hour of 9 a. m., or after the 
 In >ur of 9 p. m. of each day. nor during any part of the first day of 
 the week, commonly called Sunday, nor within a distance of 500 feet 
 of any school House or house of public worship during school hours 
 -or hours of public worship, respectively, nor within like distance of 
 any hospital, asylum or other institution, nor within a distance of 
 250 feet of any dwelling house or other building where directed or 
 requested by any occupant thereof not to so perform. 
 
 Sec. 47. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance shall be liable for a penalty of $10 for each and every offense. 
 
 CHAPTER 5— RAILROADS. 
 
 Sec. -48. Rate of Speed — No street surface railroad car operated 
 by electricity in any of the streets, avenues or public places of the 
 Borough of Brooklyn, shall be run at a rate of speed to exceed six 
 miles an hour within a radius of one and a half miles from the Bor- 
 ough Hall or within a radius of two miles from the Broadway ferries, 
 nor in any other part of the first twenty-eight wards of said Borough 
 at a rate of speed to exceed eight miles an hour. 
 
 Sec. 49. Stoppage of Cars. — Outside of the limits of Fulton 
 street, Myrtle avenue, Broadway and Grand street, defined in the 
 first section of this ordinance, no such street surface railroad car shall 
 .-top inside of any block which does not exceed 300 feet in length. 
 Jn case of blocks exceeding in length 300 feet there shall be a 
 -topping place located in the middle thereof and indicated by a sign 
 bearing the words "Trolley Station." All such cars must be brought 
 to a full stop before crossing the following named streets and avenues, 
 viz.: Bedford avenue, Eastern parkway, Hancock street.. St. Mark's 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 285 
 
 avenue, Schermerhorn street, State street. Dean street, Nevins street, 
 Lincoln place, Berkeley place. First street. Third street, Clinton ave- 
 nue. Bushwick avenue, Greene avenue. Lafayette avenue, Stuyvesant 
 avenue. Union street. Second street, Sixtieth street, Ninety-second 
 street. Sixth avenue. Eighteenth avenue, Throop avenue, Jefferson ave- 
 nue. Hey ward street. Grand street. Leonard street. Fifth street. Eighth 
 street, Fourteenth street. Thirteenth avenue, Henry street, Berry 
 street, Metropolitan avenue, and at junction of Fulton, Clinton and 
 Libert_v streets. Bridge street, Albany avenue. New York avenue, 
 Grand avenue, Lewis avenue and Thirteenth street, and between the 
 hours of 8 a. m. and 9 a. m., 12 m. to 1 p. m.. 3 p. m. to 4 p. m., they 
 shall be brought to a full stop before crossing any street on which a 
 school is located on the adjoining block, but such stoppages shall 
 not be for the purpose of receiving or discharging passengers. Pas- 
 sengers shall be received and discharged only from the rear platform 
 and at the far crossing. 
 
 Sec. 50. No persons except motormen, conductors or police offi- 
 cers in uniform shall be allowed on the front platform of any such 
 cars when in operation, except that such front platforms shall be used 
 for the ingress and egress of passengers at stoppages. The rear plat- 
 forms of cars shall also be used for the ingress and egress of pas- 
 sengers. 
 
 Sec. 51. Platform Gate — The rear platform gate on the track 
 side of every such car shall be always kept closed. 
 
 Sec. 52. Accidents — That any individual company or corporation 
 running cars upon the streets of Brooklyn shall, on or before 12 
 o'clock noon of each day report to the Commissioner of Police in 
 writing, all casualties or accidents and the nature thereof, occurring 
 upon the road under i t s management, whereby any person has suf- 
 fered or sustained injur}- during the day or twenty-four hours pre- 
 ceding the day of report. 
 
 Sec. 5. c 5. Penalty — Any corporation whose officers, agents or ser- 
 vants shall wilfully or negligently violate any of the provisions of 
 this ordinance shall be iablc for a penalty in the sum of $25 for each 
 and every offense. 
 
 Sec. 54. Each and every railroad company or companies oper- 
 ating cars upon any of the streets, avenues or public places in the 
 Borough of Brooklyn, whose motive power is electricity, shall place 
 or cause to be placed upon the motor of said car or cars a check or 
 governor, whereby it will be impossible to exceed a speed of ten 
 miles an hour on grade. 
 
 Sec. 55. Resolved, That there be placed in each and every car 
 operated in or upon any of the streets, avenues or public places in 
 the Borough of Brooklyn, whose motive power is electricity, an indi- 
 cator, in full view of any passenger or passengers that may be upon 
 
ORDINANCES OE THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 said oar, indicating the rate of speed thai said car <>r oars are trav- 
 eling. 
 
 Sec. .*)»!. Resolved. That each and everj railroad company oper- 
 ating cars by electricity on any of the streets, avenues or public place- 
 in the Borough of Brooklyn, shall equip each and every car so oper- 
 ated with a safety fender or guard attached to the front platform of 
 said car or cars, which shall extend from the platform of said car 
 or cars to within not more than !! inches from the tracks, and to 
 be made and modeled in such a manner that it will be impo -d>U- 
 for any person or persons to pass under the fender or the platform 
 of said car or car.s and come in contact with the wheels of said car. 
 The said front platform of said car to be constructed as the platform 
 occupied by the motorman, no matter in what direction the said cai- 
 rn ay be going. 
 
 Sec. 57. No railroad company operating cars by electricity upon 
 any of the streets, avenues or public places of the Borough <>f Brook- 
 lyn, for the purpose of carrying passengers, shall carry more passen 
 gefs than fifty per cent, more than its seating capacity. 
 
 Sec. 58. Penalty — Any corporation whose officers, agents or ser- 
 vants shall wilfully or negligently violate any of the provision- of 
 this ordinance shall be liable for a penalty in the sum of $25 for each 
 and every offense. 
 
 Surface Railroads. 
 Sec. .V.>. The amount to be paid by the railroad companies in the 
 Borough of Brooklyn to The Cit\ of New York for running their 
 cars shall be calculated by the average number of cars running annu- 
 ally on each route respectively, excluding the extra cars run on 
 holidays. 
 
 Sec. 60. It shall not be lawful for any person or persons to 
 smoke inside or upon the platforms of any car or other public con- 
 veyance in the Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 Sec. 61. Conductors, drivers or other employees are prohibited 
 from eating their meals in or upon any car. or other public conveyance 
 while making a trip. 
 
 Sec. 62. Xo car shall be used by any of the railroad companies 
 upon their respective routes which may have a broken wh.di w Of 
 door, or insufficient fastening, or be otherwise damaged, any longer 
 than during the day such break, irtsufficienl fastening or damage may 
 occur, nor shall any bell, rope or indicator rope on each car be so 
 arranged as to hang over either platform thereof from the roof thereof. 
 The penalty for violating the provisions of this section shall be $10 
 for each car for each and every day said car is operated in violation 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. 63. All railroad cars shall be distinctly numbered, both in- 
 side and outside, and the cars of different routes running in part on 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 287 
 
 the same track shall be distinguished by a difference of color, and 
 the appropriate lettering to indicate the streets or routes upon which 
 the same run; and in the night shall, in all cases, be sufficiently dis- 
 tinguished by the form or color of their signal lights, so as to prevent 
 the cars of different routes being mistaken tor each other. 
 
 Sec. <n. No person who shall be indecent or scandalous in be- 
 havior or filthy or foul in person, shall be carried on the cars; nor 
 shall an\- conductor allow any such person to remain in the cars. 
 
 Sec. 65. It shall be the duty of every conductor and driver to 
 give his name to any passenger who shall request the same. 
 
 Sec. <J(). The Brooklyn City Railroad shall he subject to the fol- 
 lowing regulations: (1) There shall be at all times when practicable, 
 between the hours of 6.30 a. m. and P'.iJO at night, from the 15th of 
 November to the 1st of Mav, and the hours of 5.15 a. m. and 12.30 
 p. m. in the other months, cars running on the respective routes of 
 the said company from the terries to their respective depots as the 
 public travel shall require; and beyond the respective depots of said 
 routes, and on Hamilton avenue, the said company shall run cars 
 at such times as shall be required by the Board of Aldermen. 
 
 Sec. <>7. The said companies shal be subject to a penalty of $50 
 for any violation on their part of any provision of -this, article, and 
 it shall be the duty of the police to enforce the provisions of this 
 article. 
 
 See. 68. It shall be the duty of the police to daily report all vio- 
 lations of laws, ordinances and regulations appertaining to railroads, 
 or other public conveyances, to the Corporation Counsel. 
 
 .Sec. 69. It shall not be lawful for any railroad company to lay 
 more than a single track on any street or highway therein when the 
 roadway of such street or highway shall not exceed thirty (30) feet 
 in width. 
 
 Sec. TO. Xo engine (running upon the railroad track laid upon 
 and along Atlantic avenue) eastward bound shall depart from the 
 station of the Long Island Railroad Company, at Flatbush avenue, 
 more frequently than once in five minutes, and that no engine west- 
 ward bound and running .upon said track shall depart from Jamaica 
 to run over said Atlantic avenue more than once in live minutes. 
 That is, there shall be an interval of five minutes between the de- 
 parture of all engines, eastward or westward bound from FiatSush 
 avenue, or from the point where the Manhattan Beach Branch joins 
 the main line. The blowing of whistles and the ringing of bells shall 
 not be permitted. No freight or passenger car detached from an 
 engine shall remain longer than ten minutes in any public street. 
 Bituminous coal shall not be used on any engine running upon said 
 railroad. At each street crossing between Linwood street and Flat- 
 bush avenue, men shall be constantly stationed at all hours of the 
 
288 ORDINANCES <>!• THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 night and day when trains arc in motion, and all crosswalks between 
 such street crossings shall be properly guarded by gates, which shall 
 also be closed during the passage of each train. Strong, heavy gates 
 at least 20 feet in width shall be placed at each street crossing and 
 closed before the passage of any engine or train. Whenever plat- 
 forms are placed in the streets for accommodation of passengers, the 
 railroad company shall at its own expense keep the entire slreet be 
 tWeen the platform and the curb wherever paved, and where unpaved, 
 in a cleanly and passable condition. This shall be construed to apply 
 to each station and each platform wherever erected within the said 
 limits along said avenue. The penalty for each and every violation 
 of any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be $100. It shall be 
 the duty of the police to make daily reports of any violation of this 
 ordiance, and on the complaint to the President of the 3orough of 
 Brooklyn by any three citizens of any violation of this ordinance, he 
 may proceed against the Long Island Railroad Company in due man- 
 ner for the enforcement of this ordinance and the collection of said 
 penalties. 
 
 CHAPTER 6— MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES. 
 1. The U^e of Court Yards on Bush wick Avenue Boulevard. 
 
 Sec. 71. No person or persons shall erect or construct upon the 
 20 feet on each side of the Bush wick Avenue Boulevard, by law set 
 apart to be used as court yards only, any piazza, veranda, covered or 
 inclosed porch, platform, or erection other than stoops, steps or plat- . 
 forms, with open backs and sides, or railing not to exceed 7 feet in 
 height, or to extend upon said court yards more than 7 feet, or of a 
 greater width than is necessary for the purpose of a convenient pas- 
 sageway into the houses or buildings to which the s vme shall be 
 attached; nor shall any person or persons dig. build or construct any 
 area into said court yard, 
 
 2. Fence Line Privileges on Newkirk Avenue. 
 
 Sec. 72. All court yard fence line and stoop privileges are^ hereby 
 prohibited and withdrawn on Newkirk avenue, between Flatbush 
 avenue and Coney Island avenue, and that it will be unlawful to build, 
 project or place any fence, stoop, piazza, projection or encumbrance 
 whatever beyond the private property line of the said street between 
 Flatbush avenue and Coney Island avenue. 
 
 3. Display of House Numbers. 
 Sec. 73. The owner or occupant of every private dwelling Louse 
 in the Borough of Brooklyn shall- cause the street number of the 
 same to be plainly and legibly displayed in such manner that the 
 same may be seen and read at all times of the day or night. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Any person violating the provisions of this ordinance shall be 
 liable to pay a penalty of $10. 
 
 4. Canarsie Cemetery. 
 
 Sec. 74. The cemetery situated on the southerly side of Church 
 lane, in the Thirty-second ward of the Borough of Brooklyn, in The 
 City of New York, which was formerly owned by the Town of 
 Flatlands. shall hereafter be known as Canarsie Cemetery, Borough 
 of Brooklyn. City of Xew York. The Mayor of The City of Xew 
 York is hereby authorized to appoint a commission of three numbers, 
 each of whom at the time of his appointment shall have b'een a resident 
 of the Thirty-second ward for three years, to have full charge and 
 control of said cemetery. Each of the members of said Commission 
 shall serve without compensation during the pleasure of the Mayor. 
 The Commission shall have power to charge fees for the opening of 
 graves sufficient to pay for the maintenance of the cemetery, and 
 also to make and enforce such rules and perform such other acts as 
 said Commission decides are necessary for the proper care of said 
 cemetery. 
 
 5. Watering Horses. 
 
 Sec. 75. Xo person shall suffer or permit any horse or other 
 animal to drink from a pail or vessel while the same is attached to 
 the spout or other part of any public pump or hydrant in any street 
 or public grounds. 
 
 G. Dog Snatching. 
 
 Sec. 76. Any person who shall remove, or cause to be removed, 
 the collar to which is attached the license tag, or either of them, from 
 the neck of any dog, or shall entice any properly licensed dog into 
 any enclosure for the purpose of taking off its collar or license tag, 
 or either of them, or shall for such purpose decoy or entice any ani- 
 mal out of the enclosure or house of its owner or possessor, or shall 
 seize or molest any dog while held or led by any person, or while 
 properly muzzled, or while wearing a collar with a proper license tag 
 attached, or shall bring any dog into the Borough of Brooklyn for 
 the purpose of taking up and killing or selling the same, shall forfeit 
 and pay a sum of not more than twenty ($20) dollars. 
 
 7. Speed on Bridges. 
 
 Sec. 77. Xo person or persons shall drive or cause to be driven 
 over or upon any of the bridges in the Borough of Brooklyn, any 
 animal or vehicle at any other pace than a walk, under a penalty of 
 $">.0() for each offeirse. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF \F\Y YORK. 
 
 8. Bells on Junk Carts. 
 
 Sec. 78. No junkman or other^person engaged in the buying or 
 jelling of goods, chattels or merchandise of any kind in the Borough 
 of Brooklyn, shall use or employ on any street, lane or avenue of 
 ?aid Borough, cither by having the same attached to his vehicle or 
 horse, or in any other manner, any hell exceeding six ounces in weight, 
 or more than three hells at any one time, or cause or allow the same 
 to be done, under a penalty of $10 for each and every offense, to be 
 several^' paid by the person doing and the person causing the same 
 to be done. 
 
 9. Marking Hay Bales. 
 
 Sec. 79. Tt shall not be lawful for any person to sell or offer for 
 sale within the limits of the Borough of Brooklyn any hay or straw 
 In- the bale, unless the exact gross or net weight shall be legibly and 
 iistinctly marked on every such bale of hay or straw, under a penalty 
 of ten dallars ($10) for each bale of hay or straw sold or offered 
 for sale. 
 
 10. Injury to Bridges. 
 
 Sec. 80. Every master or owner of any steamboat, ^teamtu-* (.:nal 
 Boat or sailing vessel, who through his fault or negligence, or through 
 the fault or negligence of his servant, agent or employee, injures, or 
 cause- or permits to be injured, any bridge belonging to the Borough 
 of Brooklyn, or in the charge or under the management of the said 
 Borough, or of any officer, officers or department of the said Borough, 
 shall be liable to a penalty of not less than $10 nor more than $250 
 for each and ever}' such offense. 
 
 11. Theatrical Billboards. 
 
 Sec. 81. . Billboards or signs (not exceeding two in number), to 
 advert - theatrical performances or public entertainments, may be 
 placed upon 1 the sidewalk in front of theatres and places of public 
 Entertainment adjacent to the curb, but each of said billboards or 
 signs shalJ not occupy a space across the street of more than 9 inches 
 and shall not be more than 3 feet in width parallel to the street and 
 shall not be less than 15 feet apart. 
 
 12. Protection of Piers at Wallabout, etc. 
 
 Sec. 82. No person or persons shall use or employ any horse or 
 other animal on any public dock, bulkhead or pier at the Wallabout 
 or at die foot of Washington avenue, for the purpose of loading or 
 Utloading any vessel lying at said docks, bulkheads or piers, with 
 any description of apparatus necessitating the going to and fro in a 
 iirect line of said horse or animal, unless he or they shall place upon 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 the same a temporary flooring of planks to prevent the wearing 01 
 rotting of the deck of the dock, bulkhead or pier so used, and such 
 temporary flooring shall be removed immediately after the loading i 1 1 
 unloading of said vessel by the person or persons using the same, 
 under the penalty of $25 for each and every violation of the pro- 
 visions of this section. 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS LONG 
 ISLAND CITY. 
 
 CHAPTER 1— PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER. 
 Article 1 — Hydrants. 
 
 Section 1. If any person, except one of the engineers or foremen 
 of tiie lire companies, or by special permit from the Department of 
 W ater Supply; Gas and Electricity, shall unscrew any of the hydrants 
 belonging to the City Water Works, erected for the extinguishment 
 of fires; or interfere with the same or any part of the works belonging 
 to the said establishment, or any or either of the pipes, hydrants, 
 stop-cocks, or any part of the works may be injured, or water taken 
 therefrom or wasted, they shall be liable to a penalty of $50 for each 
 and every such offense. 
 
 Article 2 — Washing Horses and Carriages. 
 
 Sec. 2. Xo person shall , wash, or cause, or procure, or permit 
 to be washed, any horses or carriages within 25 feet of any pump 
 in an>- street in that section of the City formerly known as Long 
 Island City, under the penalty of $.10 for ever}- such offense. 
 
 Article 3 — Cellar Doors, Steps and Street Obstructions. 
 
 Sec. 3. Xo person or persons shall construct or continue my 
 cellar door which shall extend more than one-twelfth part of any 
 >treet, or more than 5 feet into any street, under the penalty of $54J 
 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. -t. Every entrance or flight of steps projecting beyond the 
 house-line of the street and descending into any cellar or basement 
 story of an}- house or building, where such entrance or flight of steps 
 shall not be covered, shall be enclosed with a railing on each side* 
 permanently put up, from :> to feet high, with a gate to open in- 
 wardly, or with two iron chains across the front entranceway, one 
 near the to]) and one in the centre of the railing, to be closed during 
 the night, unless there be a light burning over the steps to prevent 
 accidents, under the penalty of $25 for every offense, to be recovered 
 from the owner or lessee thereof, severally and respectively. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec :>. If the owner of any such building shall not be liable for 
 the said penalty for not keeping any such gate closed or chains 
 tastened across the front of such entrance of flight of steps, when 
 not the actual occupant thereof, until after five days' notice, in writing, 
 from the President of the Borough, anything to the contrary in this 
 chapter contained notwithstanding. 
 
 Sec. 6. Xo person or persons shall hereafter construct any porch 
 over a cellar door under the penalty of $50. 
 
 Sec. 7. No person or persons shall construct or continue any 
 platform, stoop or step in any street in that section of the City for- 
 merly known as Long Island City, which shall extend more than one- 
 tenth part of the width of the street, nor more than 6 feet, nor with 
 any other than open backs or sides, or railing; nor of greater width 
 than is necessary for the purpose of a convenient passageway into 
 the house or building; nor any stoop which shall exceed 5 feet in 
 height, under the penalty of $50. 
 
 Sec. 8. All persons who wish hereafter to erect balustrades pro- 
 jecting beyond the street line shall first obtain a written permission 
 from the President of the Borough. 
 
 Sec, 9. No balustrades shall hereafter be erected, excepting from 
 the second story of any house, nor shall it project more than one- 
 twentieth of the width of the street wherein it ma}' be erected, nor 
 more than 3 feet in any case whatever. 
 
 Sec. 10. No braces or railings shall be used for balustrades unless 
 the strength and firmness shall have been tested or approved by the 
 President of the Borough, and in case he shall object to the same, it 
 shall be made as he shall direct, or removed, under penalty of $5.00 
 for each day's maintenance. 
 
 Sec. 11. No person shall place or fix. or continue in any street 
 in thi^ city, any awning-post, or any cloth or canvas for an awning, 
 unless under the direction of the President of the Borough and made 
 conformably to the next section of this chapter, under the penalty of 
 $5.00 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. \2. No posts fixed in any street for the purpose of sup- 
 porting any awning shall exceed 9 inches in diameter, and the rail 
 crossing the same shall not exceed 7 inches in width or height and 4 
 inche in thickness; the said posts shall be placed next to and along 
 the inside of the curbstone, and the upper side of the rail, which is 
 intended to support the awning, shall not be less than S feet nor over 
 10 feet in height above the sidewalk, and the cross-rail shall be 
 Strongly mortised through the upright posts. 
 
 Sec. 13. It shall be the duty of the President of the Borough to 
 order and direct any awning-post which is erected or continued in any 
 street in that section of the City formerly known as Long Island 
 City contrary to the provisions of this ordinance to be forthwith re- 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 293 
 
 moved, ana any person who shall neglect or refuse to comply with 
 such direction and order, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense 
 the sum of $5.00. 
 
 Sec. 14. The owners or occupants of property in any street of 
 this City exceeding the width of 40 feet and from which the wooden 
 awning-posts have been or may hereafter be directed to be removed, 
 shall be. and they are hereby permitted to erect in front of their 
 respective buildings thereon iron posts, and none others, for the sup- 
 port of awnings, with an iron cross-rail, which shall be feet and no 
 more, from the curb-stone to the top of said rail; said post shall be 
 placed 8 inches within the outer side of the curbstone, having the 
 approval of the President of the Borough. 
 
 Sec. 15. Such iron posts, as well as those which may be at the 
 time of the passage of this ordinance erected in any street of this 
 City, shall be well and securely braced from the building with wrought 
 iron rails or rods at least 1 inch in diameter, in the proportion of 1 
 brace for every post. 
 
 See. 16. The owner or occupants of property in any street not* 
 exceeding the width of 40 feet shall be and they are hereby permitted 
 to construct from their respective building thereon wrought iron 
 brackets for th'e support of awnings, which said brackets shall be 
 firmly secured to the building and project on a line with the inner 
 side of the curbstone, and shall be 8 feet and 6 inches, and no more, 
 in height from the curbstone to the top of the outer cross-rail. 
 
 Sec IT. It shall be the duty of the President of the Borough to 
 order and direct the removal forthwith of all awning iron posts and 
 brackets which are now or may be hereafter erected, constructed and 
 continuing in an}' street of that section of the City formerly known as 
 Long Island City, contrary to the preceding provisions of these ordi- 
 nances; and an>- person who shall neglect or refuse to comply with 
 such direction or order, shall forfeit and pay for every such offense 
 the sum of $5.00. 
 
 Sec. 18. The preceding sections relating to awnings and awning 
 posts shall apply where the erection of iron awning posts and brackets 
 are permitted by these ordinances. 
 
 See 10. Xo portion or part of any cloth or canvas used as an 
 awning shall hang loosely down from the same over the sidewalk or 
 footpath, under the penalty of $5.00 for each day's offense. 
 
 Sec. 20. The President of the Borough is hereby authorized, 
 whenever he shall deem it proper, to order any step stone used for 
 entering carriages, any railing or fence, any sign, sign post, any area, 
 bay window or any other window, porch, cellar door, platform, stoop 
 or step, or any other thing, which may encumber or obstruct any 
 street, to be altered or removed therefrom within such time as shall 
 be limited by the said President of the Borough. 
 
294 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 21. No person or persons in that section of the City former- 
 ly known as Long Island City, whether agent, owner or employee, 
 shall suffer or permit any cask, bale, bundle, box or any other goods, 
 wares or merchandise or any boards, planks, joists or other timber, 
 or anything whatsoever to be raised from any street, on the outside 
 of any building, into any loft, store or room, or to be lowered from 
 the same, on the outside of any building, by means of any rope, pulley, 
 tackle, or windlass, except by permission of the President of the Bor- 
 ough, under the penalty of $25, to be recovered by an action, from 
 such person, agent, owner or employer. 
 
 Article 4 — Streets and Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 22. If any cartman or other persons shall break or "thcr- 
 wise injure any footpath or sidewalk, he or the}' shall, within 24 hour* 
 thereafter, cause the same to be well and sufficiently repaired and 
 mended, under the penalty of $10. 
 
 Sec. 23. No person, without permission of the President of the 
 Borough, shall take up, remove or carry away any turf, stone, sand, 
 clay or earth from any street, public place or highway in that section 
 of the City formerly known as Long Island City, under the penalty 
 of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 24. No pavement or flagging in any street in that section of 
 the City formerly known as Long Island City which has been ac- 
 cepted by The City of New York, or to be kept in repair at the pub- 
 lic expense, shall hereafter be taken up. or the flagging or paving 
 stones removed, for any purpose whatever without the permission of 
 the President of the Borough and the deposit of such sum as he may 
 reasonably require to secure the relaying of the same, under the pen- 
 alty of $100 for ever}- offense. 
 
 Sec. 25. Whenever any flagging or pavement in any such street, 
 or part or portion thereof, has been or shall be taken up, or the pav- 
 ing stones in any such street or part of a street have been or shall 
 be removed therefrom, or from the place or position in which they 
 have been put in said pavement in violation of this ordinance, it shall 
 be the duty of the President of the Borough forthwith to restore 
 such flagging or pavement, as nearly as may be practicable, to the 
 condition in which it was before such taking or removal as aforesaid, 
 at the expense of the party removing the same, to be recover as 
 other penalties are recovered. 
 
 Sec. 26. Whenever an wood, timber, stone, iron or any other 
 metal has been or shall be put or placed in or upon any such pave- 
 ment, as mentioned in the preceding section, it shall be the duty of 
 the President of the Borough forthwith to cause such wood, timber, 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 295 
 
 stone, iron or metal to be taken up and removed from said street or 
 pavement so that they shall not encumber or obstruct said street and 
 the free use of the pavement therein. 
 
 Sec. 27. Whenever, hereafter, any person or association or body 
 of person-, or any incorporated company, shall attempt to take up any 
 such pavement in this ordinance mentioned, or removing the paving 
 stones, or any of them, therefrom, without authority of the President 
 of the Borough, it shall be his duty forthwith to prevent the same, 
 and generally to prevent the pavement in the street aforesaid and 
 every part thereof being taken up, removed, incumbered or obstructed. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— PARTITION FENCES AND WALLS. 
 
 Sec. 28. All partition fences in that section of the City formerly 
 known as Long Island City shall be made and maintained by the 
 owners of the land on each side, and each party shall make and keep 
 in repair one-half part thereof, when it can be conveniently divided. 
 
 Sec. 29. In case of any dispute between the parties concerning 
 the division of any such fence, or as to what part or portion of it 
 shall be made or repaired by each party, respectively, and in all cases 
 of dispute concerning the sufficiency of any fence in that portion of 
 the City formerly known as Long Island City, the matter shall be de- 
 termined by die Aldetmen for the time being of the district in which 
 such partition :>r 01 her fence may be situated. 
 
 Sec. 30. When any partition fence cannot be conveniently divided 
 the same shall be made and kept in repair at the joint and equal ex- 
 pense of the owners of the land cm each side. 
 
 Sec. 31. When the regulation of a lot, in conformity with the 
 street on which it is situated, shall require the ground of such lot to 
 be raised and kept up higher than the ground of the adjoining lot or 
 tots, and a partition wall for supporting the same shall be necessary, 
 such partition wall shall be made and maintained by the owners, re- 
 spectively, of the land on each side; and when the same can be equal- 
 ly divided each party shall make and keep in repair one-half part 
 thereof. 
 
 Sec. ,32. If any dispute shall arise concerning the division of 
 such partition wall between the parties, or as to what portion or por- 
 tions of it should be made or repaired by each, respectively, or con- 
 cerning the sufficiency of any such partition wall, the same shall be 
 determined by the Alderman as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 33. Where any partition wall cannot be conveniently divided, 
 the same shall be made and kept in repair at the joint and equal ex- 
 pense of the owners of the land on each side. 
 
29C ORDINANCES OF THK CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 34. The regulation of lots, in conformity with the street, 
 shall be calculated not to exceed a descent of 2 inches on every 10 
 feet. 
 
 Sec. 35. Where any owner or owners shall insist on maintaining 
 his, or her, or their ground higher than such a regulation, the surplus 
 partition wall which maj r be necessary to support such height shall 
 be made and maintained at the individual expense of such owner or 
 owners. 
 
 Sec. 36. Where any such owner or owners shall insist on regulat- 
 ing his, her, or their ground with a descent less than 2 inches on 
 every 10 feet, the surplus partition wall necessary to support the 
 ground on the adjoining lot, regulated in conformity with this ordi- 
 nance, that portion of the City formerly known as Long Island City 
 shall in like manner be made and maintained at the individual ex- 
 pense of such owner or owners. 
 
 Sec. 37. If any person, whose duty it may be to make or repair 
 any partition fence or partition wall, or any part thereof, in pursuance 
 of the provisions of this law, shall neglect so to do, for six days after 
 being requested, in writing, by the owner or occupant of the adjoining 
 ground, it shall be lawful for such owner or occupant to make or re- 
 pair such partition fence or wall, or cause the same to be done, and 
 recover from such person the expense of making or repairing so much 
 thereof as ought to have been made or repaired by him or her, to- 
 gether with cost of suit in any court having cognizance thereof. 
 
 Sec. 38. All outside and boundary fences and all fences erected 
 on the line of any public road, street, lane, or avenue in that section 
 of the City formerly known as Long Island City shall be at least 
 4 feet high, and shall be built of good and substantial materials, and 
 sufficient in all respects to keep out and prevent the encroachment of 
 cattle, sheep, hogs and other animals; and shall be kept in good. re- 
 pair and of the height above mentioned. 
 
 Sec. 39. In case of any dispute between the parties concerning 
 any fence embraced within this ordinance, or the sufficiency thereof, 
 the matter shall be determined by the Alderman for the time being, 
 of the district in which such fence may be situated. 
 
 Article 5 — Blasting of Rocks. 
 
 Sec. 40. In all cases of blasting rocks, or stone-, within that 
 section of the City formerly known as Long Island City, each blast, 
 before firing it, shall be securely covered with six timbers of not less 
 than 4 inches thick. 10 inches wide, and 10 feet long each, to be placed 
 over and around each charge, and to be held in place by at least 300 
 pounds of large stones piled on top of them. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 897 
 
 Sec. 41. Three minutes' notice before firing the blasts shall be 
 given by displaying a red flag on a staff, not less than 10 feet high,, 
 set in a conspicuous place within 25 feet of the point where the charge 
 is placed, and also by calling out the words, "a blast," several times 
 repeated, and loud enough to be distinctly heard at a distance of 200 
 feet from tlie point of discharge. 
 
 Sec. 42. For every violation of either of the preceding sections of 
 this ordinance the offending party, or if the work be done under con- 
 tract, the contractor, upon complaint and conviction thereof before a 
 Magistrate, shall be liable to a fine of $50 and stand committed until 
 the same is paid. 
 
 Article 6 — Venders. 
 
 Sec. 43. No owner or vender or retailer of charcoal, fish, fruit, 
 vegetables, brooms, wooden ware or kindling wood shall affix to, or 
 suffer Or permit to be affixed to, the cart, wagon or any other kind 
 of vehicle owned by or employed or used by him for the purpose of 
 transporting, conveying or selling thereout, in that section of the City 
 formerly known as Long Island City, charcoal, or fish, or fruit, or 
 vegetables, Or brooms, or wooden ware, or kindling wood, any bell, 
 iron, steel, or other metal bar, or any other instrument, nor shall 
 blow upon or use, or suffer or permit to be blown upon, any horn or 
 other instrument for the purpose of giving notice of the approach of 
 any cart, wagon, or other vehicle, in order to sell thereout charcoal, 
 ri>h, fruit, vegetables, brooms, wooden ware or kindling wood, under 
 the penalty of $5 for each offense, to be sued for and recovered of 
 the owner, employer, driver, or persons having charge of such cart, 
 wagon, or other vehicle, or of the owner of such coal, fish, fruit, vege- 
 table-, brooms, woodenware, or kindling wood, severally and respec- 
 tively. 
 
 Sec. 44. No goods, wares, merchandise or manufactures of any 
 description shall be placed or exposed to show or for sale upon any 
 balustrade that now is or hereafter may be erected in til at section of 
 the City formerly known as Long Island City, under the penalty of 
 $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 4a. Xo person shall hang or place any goods, wares or mer- 
 chandise or any other thing, at any greater distance than 4 feet in 
 front of his, her or their house or store or other building under the 
 penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 46. Xo person shall place, hang or suspend at any greater 
 distance than 4 feet in front of and from the wall of any house or 
 store or other building, any sign, show bill or show board, under the 
 penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
298 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY QF XKW YORK, 
 
 Article 7 — Noises. 
 
 Sec. 47. No person shall heat any drum or other instrument, or 
 blow any horn or other ftHsfrumeiit, for the purpose of attracting the 
 attention of passengers in any street in that section of the City known 
 as Long Island City, to any show of beasts or birds, or other things 
 in said City, under the penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Article 8— Sale of Oysters, Etc. 
 
 Sec. 48. No person shall erect any booth or establish or fix any 
 stand in- any of the streets or public grounds in that section of the 
 City formerly known as Long Island City, for the purpose of opening 
 and exposing for sale, or selling, any oysters or other shell provisions, 
 of any nature or kind, or any goods of any description whatever, un- 
 der the penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Article 9 — Surface Railroads. 
 
 Sec. 49. For every street or surface car operated within the 
 limits of that section of the City formerly known as Long Island City, 
 there shall be paid to the Comptroller for the use of the City, a 
 license fee of $15, and the said Comptroller shall, upon the receipt of 
 said sum, issue a license therefor, which license shall he posted in a 
 conspicuous place in each ear operated within tile limits as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 50. The penalty for each and every violation of any of the 
 provisions of this ordinance shall be $25. It shall be the duty of the 
 police to make daily reports of any violation of the ordinance, and 
 the same shall be transmitted to the Corporation Counsel for the 
 prosecution of the offending parties, 
 
 Sec. 51. All street railroads operated within the limits of that 
 section of the City formerly known as Long Island City, by electric 
 power shall have attached at the end of each car. in front <>f each 
 wheel, a suitable guard to prevent persons from being run over by 
 such car, and all violations of this ordinance shall be subjeel to a 
 penalty of $10 for each offense to be sued for, as other penalties in 
 said ordinance provided. 
 
 PART V. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE VILLAGE 
 OF FLUSHING. 
 
 CHAPTER 1— STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. < 
 Article 1 — Altering Grade of Streets. 
 
 Section 1. No person, without having been first previously au- 
 thorized by a permit from the President of the Borough, -hall fill in 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 299 
 
 or raise, or cause to be filled in or raised, any road, avenue, street, 
 highway or other public place in that section of The City of New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, or in any part of any 
 such road, avenue, street, highway or Other public place, or take up. re- 
 move or carry away, or cause or procure to be taken up, removed or 
 carried away, any sod, turf, stone, sand, clay or earth from any such 
 road, avenue, street, highway or other public place. Any person or 
 persons violating any of the provisions of this section of this ordi- 
 nance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a hue of not 
 less than $5 and not exceeding Sio. 
 
 Sec. 2. No avenue or street the width whereof is less than 60 
 feet, shall hereafter be accepted by the Board of Aldermen as a pub- 
 lic street or highway; nor shall the same be accepted unless the car- 
 riageway and said walks shall have respectively been properly graded 
 and regulated, and shall severally be in good order and condition for 
 convenient use. with sufficient gutters for the drainage of the same 
 ami <>t" the waters from adjoining lands. 
 
 Article 2 — Paving Streets. 
 
 Sec. 3. Fach sidewalk of all the avenues and streets laid out 
 and opened in that section of The City of New York formerly known 
 as the Village of Flushing shall respectively be one-fourth of the 
 width of the avenue or streets between the lines thereof. 
 
 Sec. j. All sidewalks in that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the \ illage of Flushing shall be paved to the 
 extent of not less than 4 feet of the width thereof respectively with 
 Stone flagging of square or oblong shape, with straight edges laid 
 c|ose together; and when any carriageway leading to or from the 
 adjoining premises shall cross any such sidewalk, so much of said 
 sidewalk shall be paved with Hat square or oblong stone with 
 straight edges laid close together, and of sufficient thickness and 
 strength for the purpose of such carriageway or what is commonly 
 known as bridge or crosswalk stone, not less than 4 inches in thick- 
 ness, which may be laid in strips not more than 6 inches apart, and 
 the intervals between the strips paved with round cobble or paving 
 Stone, to afford foothold for the horses or other animals crossing such 
 sidewalk. 1 he residue of any such sidewalk may be paved in like 
 manner as aforesaid, or with such other materials as shall be ap- 
 proved by the President of the Borough. 
 
 Sec. 5. Xo drain or drains to lead from any building or buildings 
 aero-- aUy sidewalks in any street, road or highway in that section of 
 The City ><i New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing 
 shall be constructed or laid down without permission having first 
 
300 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 been obtained from the President of the Borough so to dp, nor shall 
 any plank or board walk be constructed or laid down in any street, 
 road or highway of that section of The City of New York formerly 
 known as the Village of Flushing w ithout 'the like permission, under 
 a penalty of $20 for each offense, and a further penalty of $10 for 
 every day such drain or drains, of plank or board walk shall remain 
 after the President of the Borough shall have notified the offending 
 party or parties to remove the same. 
 
 Sec. 6. Whenever the President of the Borough shall cause any 
 sidewalk to be curbed, guttered, and flagged, all, any or either such 
 flagging shall be in conformity with this ordinance, or of such great- 
 er width as those who are to pay the major part of the expense of 
 such flagging may desire: all such curbstone shall not be less than 5 
 inches thick and 20 inches deep, 7 inches of which width shall be laid 
 above and the residue thereof below the surface of the kennel: the 
 ends shall be squared so as to form close and even joints, and the 
 front so laid as to present a fair surface. 
 
 Sec. 7. No sidewalk in that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of Flushing laid wholly or in part 
 with flagging shall be taken up. or the flagging removed therefrom, 
 for the purpose of digging out any lot or cellar, or for any other 
 purpose, except previously authorized by the President of the Bor- 
 ough, under the penalty for each offense of $10, to be forfeited and 
 paid by each and every person offending in the premises, and when 
 so taken up, or when any other sidewalk shall be broken, dug up or 
 in any wise injured by, or by the direction of, any person, the same 
 shall be well and sufficiently repaired and reinstated by such person 
 within such time as shall be specified for that purpose in any written 
 or printed notice from the President of the Borough, served upon 
 such person or upon the occupant .of the premises adjoining such 
 sidewalk, under the penalty of $10, and the further penalty of $2 for 
 each and every day after the expiration of the time so specified in 
 such notice, such person shall omit or neglect so to repair and rein- 
 state the same. 
 
 Sec. 3. The owner or occupant, or person having charge, of 
 each house or other building, lot or lots of ground, piece or parcel of 
 land, and of every church, meeting house or place of public or re- 
 ligious worship, and every cemetery or burial ground, public or pri- 
 vate, and the land thereunto respectively belonging, situated within 
 that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village 
 of Flushing, adjoining to any public avenue or street, shall at all times 
 keep the sidewalk in front of and adjoining such respective premises, 
 where such sidewalk shall have been made unobstructed and in good 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 301 
 
 order and condition, for convenient use by foot passengers, under a 
 penalty of $3 for each and every offense. 
 
 Article 3 — Obstructions in Streets. 
 
 Sec. 9. No person or persons shall erect or maintain any stoop, 
 steps, platform, bay window, cellar door, area, descent into a cellar 
 or basement, post, or erection or projection of any kind, or other ob- 
 struction or incumbrance, in, over or upon any street, road, avenue 
 or highway in that section of The City of New Y'ork formerly known 
 as the Village of Flushing, under a penalty of $20 for each and every 
 offense, and a further penalty of $10 for each and every day that the 
 same be maintained after the expiration of ten days' notice, in writ- 
 ing, to be given by the President of the Borough to the person or 
 persons, or either of them, erecting or maintaining the same. 
 
 Sec. 10. If the owner or owners, occupant or occupants, of any 
 premises in front of which shall be erected or maintained any such 
 stoop,, steps, platform, bay window, cellar door, area, descent into a 
 cellar or basement, or erection or projection of any kind, shall neg- 
 lect or refuse to remove the same, or such part thereof as shall pro- 
 ject or encroach in, over or upon any such street, road, avenue or 
 highway, for more than ten days after notice given by the President 
 of the Borough, as provided in this ordinance, the same or such parts 
 thereof shall be removed by the President of the Borough at the exr 
 pense of such owner or owners, occupant or occupants. 
 
 Sec. 1 J. It shall not be lawful for any person or persons, or for 
 any corporation, to lay any main in any road, avenue, street or public 
 place in that section of The City of New York formerly known as 
 the Village of Flushing, or to break up or disturb the ground lor any 
 such purpose, unless previously authorized by a permit of the Presi- 
 dent of the Borough, or otherwise than in conformity with the condi- 
 tions prescribed, and subject to any restrictions expressed or imposed 
 in any such permit, under the penalty of $30 for each offense and the 
 further penalty of $10 for each and every day any person or persons, 
 or corporation, shall neglect or omit to comply in all respects with 
 the requirements of any order of the President of the Borough, for- 
 bidding., the prosecution of such work, requiring the removal from 
 such road, avenue, street or public place, of any main or mains or 
 other incumbrances placed or caused to be placed thereon by any per- 
 son or persons, or corporation, the filling up of any trench dug for the 
 purpose of laying any main, and the restoring of the ground and pave- 
 ment, if any, of such road, avenue, street or public place, to the like 
 order and condition the same w as in immediately prior to the time ihe 
 same was disturbed, and in the case of the refusal or neglect <>f any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE C IT Y OF NEW YORK. 
 
 person or persons, or corporation, fully to comply with all the re- 
 quirements of any such last mentioned order within the time therein 
 specified after the service of a copy or of a notice thereof upon such 
 person or persons, or corporation, the President of the Borough may 
 at any time thereafter, cause all or any part of such work to be done 
 at the expense of said person or persons, or corporation, who shall 
 Le liable to The City of New York for all expenses which it may in- 
 cur in that behalf, together with such aforesaid penalties to be re- 
 covered with costs of suit. 
 
 Sec. 1 2. Jt shall be obligatory upon any person or person>, or 
 corporation, when laying any main or service pipe, or establishing 
 any lamp-post, in any road, avenue, street or public place in that sec- 
 tion of The City of New York, formerly known as the Village of 
 Flushing to perform all such work carefully, workmanlike, and sub- 
 stantially, disturbing the ground, and the pavement, curb, gutter and 
 flagging, no further than may be actually necessary for the careful 
 performance of any such work; to guard as far as practicable against 
 the future settling of the ground, pavement, curb, gutter or Magging 
 above any such main or service pipe, or around such lamp-post, or 
 resulting from the diging of the trench thereof by filling in around 
 and above such main or service pipe, and around such lamp-post, the 
 earth dug from any such trench, compactly and firmly; to repair all 
 damage which may be caused to any such road, avenue, street or pub- 
 lic place, or to any pavement, curb, gutter or flagging, by the laying 
 of such main or service pipe, or the establishing of such lamp-post, 
 aud to restore the same respectively to as good order and condition 
 as the same were in immediately prior to their commencing any such 
 work, to cause all such work to be performed with all reasonable 
 tie-patch and in such manner as not unnecessarily to incommode the 
 neighborhood or the public, and to promptly conform to all such 
 directions as the President of the Borough may from time to time 
 give in that behalf; under the penalty of $10 for every omission, neg- 
 lect, refusal, or delay, and in case of any such omission, neglect, re- 
 fusal or delay, it shall be lawful for the President of the P>orough to 
 cause any such work to be done at the expense of said person or per- 
 sons, or corporation, who shall be liable to The City of New York 
 for all expenses which it may therein incur, as well as such aforesaid 
 penalties in this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 13. No person or persons shall injure, damage or disturb, 
 or cause to be injured, damaged or disturbed, any main or service pipe 
 now laid or which may hereafter be laid in that section of The City 
 of .\'ew York formerly known as the Village of Flushing for the pur- 
 pose of supplying the same or the inhabitants thereof, or any part or 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 30* 
 
 portion thereof, with gas. Any person or persons violating any • -i 
 the provisions of this section of this ordinance shall, upon convic- 
 tion thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than $10 and nor v 
 ceeding $30. 
 
 Article 4 — Public Sewers. 
 
 Sec. 14. It shall not be lawful for any person to make any con- 
 nection with or any opening into any of the sewers except upon the 
 conditions prescribed in this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 15. Application must be made to the President of the Bor- 
 ough for permission to make such connections or openings, and his 
 written permit shall be the proof that such permission ha- bcea 
 granted. 
 
 Sec. 16. The price of each connection shall be $10-, and it shall be 
 understood that that price is for one house or building only. 
 
 Sec. 17. No larger opening shall be made in the sewers than a ill 
 admit a 6-inch pipe, and the work must be done by a licensed plumbet 
 or such other person as the President of the Borough may designate 
 and also under the supervision of the Superintendent of Sewers. 
 
 Sec. 18. Any person or persons violating any of the provh •: 
 of this ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a 
 line of $10. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER. 
 Article 1 — False Alarms of Fire. 
 
 Sec. 19. No person or persons shall raise, create or continue a 
 false alarm of fire, or aid. abet or assist in raising, Creating or con- 
 tinuing a false alarm of tire within the limits of The City of Nov 
 York, formerly known as the Village of Flushing. 
 
 Sec. 20. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a tine oi not 
 more than $10 for each and every offense. 
 
 Article 2 — Bathing. 
 
 Sec. 21. No person shall bathe or swim publicly, in a state ol 
 nudity, anywhere within the limits of that section of The City ol New* 
 York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, or on the shores 63 
 Flushing Bay, between the hours of 5 a. m. and 8 p. m. 
 
 Sec. 22. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a line of $3. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 Article 1 — Rules and Regulations. 
 
 Sec. 23. The hire Department of that section of The City ot 
 New York, formerly known as the Village of Flushing, shall consisl 
 
304 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 oi a Chief Engineer, a First and Second Assistant Engineers, a Treas- 
 urer and such enginemen, hose men and hook and ladder men as 
 may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Aldermen. The 
 Chief Engineer, First and Second Assistant Engineers and Treasurer 
 shall each hold office lor the term of two years, and shall be elected 
 on the second Wednesday in December of every second year, as here 
 to fore. Each of said officers shall be voted for separately, the ballots 
 being deposited in separate boxes. One or more of the members of 
 the Board of Aldermen shall act as inspector or inspectors of each 
 and every said election. 
 
 Sec. 24. The Board of Aldermen may. in their discretion, ap- 
 point two Fire Wardens, to hold office during the pleasure of the 
 Board. The F'ire Wardens shall, when requested, or when directed 
 so to do by the Board of Aldermen, examine and inspect dwelling 
 houses and other buildings or places in that section of The City ot 
 New York formerly known as the Village of Flushing; shall report 
 the result of such examination and inspection to the Board of Alder- 
 men, and shall perform the other duties usually appertaining to the 
 office of I'irc Warden. 
 
 Sec. 25. The Firemen shall be divided into engine, hook and lad- 
 der and hose companies, and each company shall consist of as many 
 members as the Board of Aldermen shall from time to time order 
 and direct. It shall be the duty of the Firemen to attend to the en- 
 gines, hose carriages and trucks committed to their charge and the 
 buildings wherein the same are kept. 
 
 Sec. 26. Each fire company shall be under the direction and 
 control of a foreman and two assistant foremen. The foremen shall 
 be responsible for the proper care of the engine, hose or truck house, 
 hose or truck and other fire apparatus or property belonging to The 
 City of New Y'ork entrusted to the company under their command; 
 they shall preserve order and discipline in the company at all times; 
 when on duty at fires they shall obey all orders of the Chief Engineer 
 or Assistant Engineers. In the absence of the Foreman, the First 
 Assistant, and in his absence the Second Assitant Foreman shall act. 
 Foremen shall report annually to the Chief Engineer a full account of 
 the duty performed by their respective companies, together with a full 
 account of the membership of the same, noting all losses by discharge, 
 death, expulsion or transfer; also a detailed statement of the proper- 
 ty entrusted to their care, noting the condition of the same. 
 
 Sec. 27. Each fire company shall appoint a secretary, who shall 
 keep a record of the proceedings of the company at its business meet- 
 ing-; also a record of all appointments or elections, resignations or re- 
 moval- of Firemen attached to such company, and shall perform such 
 
ORDIN \NCES OP THE C I TY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 305 
 
 other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the ordinances 
 of that section of. The City of New York, formerly known as the Vil- 
 lage of Flushing, the rules and regulations of the Fire Department, or 
 tin- by laws of the company to which lie is attached. 
 
 See. 28. Every member of the Fire Department shall receive a 
 Certificate of membership duly executed and signed by the City Clerk 
 and Chief Engineer, to he delivered by the Chief Engineer to the per- 
 son entitled to receive the same. The commencement of the term of 
 service of each member shall he computed from the date of such cer- 
 tificate. 
 
 Sec. 29. The Chief Engineer shall have and exercise supreme 
 command, at all times, over the officers, members and property of the 
 Department. He shall make a yearly report to the Board of Alder- 
 men on all fires as occurring in that section of The City of New York, 
 formerly known as the Village of Flushing, with the cause thereof, 
 when it can be ascertained, and a description of the building or build- 
 ings injured or destroyed, the names of the owners or occupants, the 
 amount of los> in each case, and, as far as can he ascertained, the 
 amount of insurance. The report shall also give a detailed inven- 
 tory of all the property in charge of the different companies, together 
 with a statement of the condition of such property; also a correct 
 statement of the number of officers and men in each company at the 
 end of the year. It shall also be his duty to take notice of all vio- 
 lations of law> or ordinances relating to the Department, and to re- 
 port the same to the Board of Aldermen at the next meeting there- 
 after. 
 
 Sec. 30. The Assistant Engineers shall be subject to order of the 
 Chief, and it shall be their duty to cause order to be observed by the 
 members of the Department in going to, working at, or returning 
 from fires, and all other times when the companies are on duty. In 
 the absence of the Chief, the First Assistant, and in his absence the 
 Secord Assistant Engineer shall perform the duties of* Chief. 
 
 Sec. 31. Each member of the Department shall provide himself, 
 at his own expense, with a uniform and such insignia of office as is 
 prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Department. Each 
 member -hall also be furnished by the Clerk of the Board of Alder- 
 men with a Department badge, and shall be required to conspicuously 
 -wear the same at all times when on duty. On receiving such badge 
 lie shall deposit with the Clerk the sum of 75 cents, which sum shall 
 be refunded to him when said badge is returned. 
 
 Sec. 32. It shall be the duty of all Firemen, whenever an alarm 
 of tire shall be given, to repair to their respective company houses 
 and proceed at once with the apparatus to the scene of the lire, and 
 
306 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF MEW YORK 
 
 there perform such duties as may be assigned to them by their offi- 
 cers. At all times when on duty they shall behave in an orderly man- 
 ner, and when not engaged at a fire shall repair to their respective ap- 
 paratus; and there .await orders from their officers. 
 
 Sec. 33. Every person not a Fireman who shall be present at a 
 fire shall he subject and obedient to the orders of the Chief or Assist- 
 ant Engineers in extinguishing the lire, preserving order, and the re- 
 moval and protection of property. 
 
 Sec. 34. All complaints by the Chief, or an Assistant Engineer, 
 or by any other person, made against Firemen for misconduct, shall 
 be referred by the Board of Aldermen to the Committee on Fire <j(t 
 -aid Board, to ascertain and report the facts, and a full opportunity 
 shall be given by the Committee to the party complained of to be 
 heard in his defense. Any member complained of may be suspended 
 until the final action of the Board on such complaint. 
 
 Sec. 35. Xo person shall, during any alarm of fire, or at any 
 other time, under any pretense whatever, take or remove any fire ap- 
 paratus out of its house, unless the Foreman, Assistant Foreman, or a 
 member of the company shall be present and consent thereto, under 
 a penalty of $5 each for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 36. No engine, hose carriage, or hook and ladder truck 
 shall be taken outside the limits of that section of The City of New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Flushing, except by the con- 
 sent of the Fire Commissioner of The City of New York. 
 
 Sec. 37. The right and privilege of any member of the Depart- 
 ment to entertain and express freely political or partisan opinions as 
 he may see lit. and his right to take part in and vote at primary and 
 nominating conventions will be deemed sacred and inviolate, hut the 
 members of any engine, hose, or hook and ladder company belonging 
 to the Department shall not combine or act together in their capacity 
 as Firemen to compass the election or defeat of any candidate or 
 candidates for 'any political or public office whatsoever, nor shall any 
 engine, hose or riook and ladder house in the use or possession of any 
 company in the Department, under any circumstances, be used or oc- 
 cupied for any political or partisan purposes of any nature whatso- 
 ever. 
 
 Sec. 38. Xo person shall, during a fire, or at any other time, 
 drive a wagon, cart, carriage or other vehicle over any hose or over 
 any other lire apparatus, under a penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 3Q. No person shall wilfully hinder or molest or attempt 
 to do any violence to any officer or working member of the Fire De- 
 partment while in the performance of his duty in going to. working 
 at, or returning from a lire, under a penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF TIIK CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 40. Any member of the Department who shall violate any 
 of the provisions of this ordinance, or who shall violate any of the 
 rules and regulations of the Department, or who shall be guilty of 
 any riotous or disorderly conduct while on duty shall forthwith be 
 expelled from the Department. 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK, FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE VILLAGE 
 OF JAMAICA. 
 
 CHAPTER 1— GENERAL REGULATIONS. 
 
 Article 1 — Filling in Streets. 
 
 Section 1. No person, unless previously authorized by the Bor- 
 ough President, shall fill in or raise, or cause to be filled in or raised, 
 any road, street or other public place within that section of The City 
 of New York, formerly known as the Village of Jamaica, or any part 
 of such road, street or other public place, to take up, remove or car- 
 ry away, or cause to be carried away, any turf, sand, stone, clay, 
 gravel or other earth under the penalty of $25 for every such of- 
 fense. 
 
 Article 2 — Unlawful Noises. 
 
 Sec. 2. It shall not be lawful for any person to blow any horn 
 or brat upon any tin pans or kettles or make any improper noise tend- 
 ing to disturb the peace and quiet of that section of The City of New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Jamaica, or build any bonfire, 
 or burn tar barrels in any of the highways, streets, lanes, alleys or 
 public grounds of the village under a penalty not exceeding $10,. or 
 imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days, or both 
 such penalty and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court having 
 cognizance thereof, for each and every person violating this ordi- 
 nance. 
 
 Article 3 — Ball Playing and Throwing of Stones. 
 
 Sec. 3. 'Ihe throwing of stones, snow balls or other missiles, 
 and the playing or throwing of balls within any street of that section 
 of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Jamaica 
 is hereby declared unlawful. 
 
308 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 4. An}- hoy or other person wilfully violating any provision 
 of the above section shall for each offense be punishable by a fine of 
 not less than $1 nor more than $5 or by imprisonment not exceeding 
 three days. 
 
 Article 4 — Hillside Avenue Speedway. 
 
 Sec. 5. The thoroughfare known as Hillside avenue, from Ack- 
 royd avenue, Jamaica, easterly to Flushing avenue, Mollis, in the Bor- 
 ough of Queens, is hereby designated as a Speedway, and the driving 
 of horses thereon at any rate of speed is hereby allowed between 
 thi' hours of 2 o'clock p. m. and 6 o'clock p. m. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— THE VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 Article 1 — Rules and Regulations. 
 
 Sec. 5. The Fire Department of that section of The City of 
 New York, formerly known as the Village of Jamaica, shall consist 
 <>f a Chief Engineer, Deputy Chief Engineer, Clerk, Treasurer and 
 three Eire Wardens, and firemen as arc or may from time to 
 time be elected by the different fire companies and confirmed by the 
 Hoard of Aldermen, and who shall respectively be distinguished by 
 the several appellations aforesaid; but no persons shall hereafter be 
 elected or confirmed unless he be a citizen of the United States, and 
 of the age of eighteen years, and any person between the age of 
 eighteen and twenty-one, upon furnishing the Board of Aldermen with 
 a certificate from his parents, master or guardian, giving his or their 
 consent to his becoming a fireman, may, by being elected, receive a 
 certificate of appointment. 
 
 Sec. 6. The term of office of the present Chief Engineer and 
 Deputy Chief Engineer of that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of Jamaica shall expire on the first 
 day of March next; and the Chief Engineer, Deputy Chief Engineer, 
 Clerk and Treasurer hereafter to be elected shall hold their respective 
 offices for the term of one year, unless sooner removed by the Board 
 of Aldermen for misconduct or neglect of duty. 
 
 Sec. 7. The nomination of the Chief Engineer, Deputy Chief En- 
 gineer, Clerk, Treasurer and Fire Wardens of the Fire Department 
 shall be made by the firemen, by ballot, on the first Tuesday in Feb- 
 ruary; in each year; such election to be held at the Village Hall, Ja- 
 maica, between the hours of 7 and o o'clock p. m., and each person 
 receiving the highest number of votes for any such office shall be 
 thereupon entitled to an appointment thereto by the Hoard of Alder- 
 men, unless in their judgment, for any cause, he ought not to he thus 
 appointed; and in case of such rejection, it shall be the duty of the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Board of Aldermen to order a new nomination; and at such new 
 nomination the person or persons thus rejected shall be ineligible*, 
 and all votes given for him shall be void and not counted. 
 
 Sec. 8. Such new nomination shall be made by an election, which 
 shall be held at such time and place as the Board of Aldermen shall 
 direct, and at least five days' notice of such election shall be given by 
 the Clerk of the Board of Aldermen to the secretaries of the differ* Tit 
 companies, and the Local Board of Jamaica, Borough of Queens,, 
 shall act as inspectors of all such elections; and 
 
 Sec. 9. It shall not be lawful for any person to vote a: any 
 election for officers of the Fire Department, unless he is an activ< 
 fireman, has not been expelled from his company, made an honorary 
 member or offered his resignation, whether accepted by his company 
 or not, unless such registration has been withdrawn at least sixty 
 days prior to such election, nor unless he has been a member of the 
 Department for sixty days previous to such election, and is subject 
 to all fines and dues imposed by the company to which he belongs. 
 
 Sec. 10. The Captain of each company shall return to the Board 
 of Aldermen at least thirty days before any such election a list of the 
 members of his company entitled to vote thereat, under the foregoing; 
 provisions, which shall be duly verified by such Captain, and also bj 
 the secretary of his company, and only the members named in such- 
 list shall be allowed to vote at any such election. 
 
 Sec. 11. The Chief Engineer, in addition to the duties prescribed 
 in section 15, title 7, of the Charter of the former Village of Jamaica^, 
 shall also report, in writing, to the Deputy Chief of Department in 
 Charge for the Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, all accidents by- 
 fire, with the causes thereof as well as they can be ascertained, and 
 the number and description of the buildings destroyed or injured, and 
 whenever any of the fire engines, hose carts, trucks and hook and 
 ladders, or any other fire apparatus, shall require to be repaired, it 
 shall be his duty to report the same to the Deputy Chief of Depart- 
 ment in Charge, Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, Fire Depart- 
 ment, and, under his direction, to the Superintendent of Repairs- 
 thereof, and to report all disobedience of orders to said Deputy 
 Chief of Department in Charge, Boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. 
 
 Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of the Clerk of the Fire Department 
 to keep in a book to be provided for that purpose an accurate ac- 
 count of all fires which may hereafter take place, with the causes 
 thereof, the number and description of the buildings destroyed or in- 
 
310 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 jured, the estimated loss at such lire, and the amount of insurance, 
 as far as the same can he ascertained. 
 
 Sec. 13. It shall he the duty of the several Fire Wardens, 
 -elected by the firemen of that section of The City of New York 
 forrnerly known as the Village of Jamaica to report, from time to 
 time, the existence of any unsafe depositor}- for ashes or any unsafe 
 chimney, fireplace, smoke pipe or smoke house, to the Chief or 
 Deputy Chief, who shall report to the Fire Marshall for the Bor- 
 oughs of Brooklyn and Queens; It shall also he their duty to attend 
 
 fire occurring, and aid and assist the Chief Engineer in the pro- 
 curement of water, and the general superintendence of the action of 
 the several lire, hose and hook and ladder companies, hut no person 
 shall be elected Fire Warden unless he shall have served live years as 
 a Fireman, and shall have received his certificate of discharge. 
 
 Sec. 14. The Firemen shall be divided into companies, to con- 
 sist of as many members as the Board of Aldermen have directed, or 
 shall, from time to time, direct, to attend the fire engines, hose 
 wagons and hoOK and ladders helonging, or that may hereafter be- 
 long to the Corporation of The City of New York, or to such hose 
 wagons and hook and ladders as the Board of Aldermen shall direct. 
 It shall he the duty of the said Firemen, as often as any fire shall 
 break out in the former Village of Jamaica, to repair immediately, 
 upon the alarm thereof, to their respective engines, hose carriages 
 and hook and ladders, and convey them to or near the place where 
 such lire shall happen, unless otherwise directed by the Chief Engi- 
 n< and there, in conformity with the directions given by him, to 
 work and manage the said engines, apparatus and implements with 
 all their skill and power, and when the lire is extinguished they shall 
 not remove therefrom but by the permission of the Chief Engineer, 
 Deputy Chief Engineer, or one of the Fife' Wardens, and on such 
 permission they .shall return their respective hose wagons, hooks and 
 ladders, engines and apparatus, well washed and cleansed, to their 
 several places of deposit. And for the more effectual perfecting of 
 -the Firemen in their duty, the keeping and preserving the said 
 lire engines and other implements and apparatus from decay, the said 
 Firemen shall at leas*t once in each of the mouths of May. June, July, 
 August, September, October and November, drive out their said en- 
 gine- and implements, in order to work and cleanse them, and to ex- 
 ercise the hor>e>. 
 
 Sec. 15. All rules, by-laws or regulations which shall be here- 
 after passed or adopted by any lire engine, hose or hook and ladder 
 company, before the same shall take effect or be in force, shall he 
 submitted to and he approved by the Board of Aldermen, and all 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NfEW YORK. 311 
 
 the rules, by-laws or regulations heretofore passed or adopted by 
 any such company shall, within thirty clays after the passage of this- 
 ordinance, be submitted to the Board of Aldermen for their approval. 
 
 Sec. 1 6. All Firemen attached to any tire engine, hose or hook 
 and ladder company whose machine and implements have been taken 
 away for want of a sufficient complement of men to manage the same,, 
 shall at every tire, report themselves to the Chief Engineer, or to the 
 Engineer in command, and be subject to his order and dictation, aivj 
 perform their duty as Firemen, and for ever}' default there"! each 
 Fireman shall forfeit and pay the sum of $3, to be sued for and re- 
 covered as other lines and penalties, to and for the use of The City of 
 New York. 
 
 Sec. 17. If any Fireman shall be expelled by a vote of the com- 
 pany to which he may belong, and the fact being reported to t he- 
 Board of Aldermen by the Chief Engineer, accompanied by 
 monstrance by the person so expelled, in every such case the sub- 
 ject shall be referred to the Committee on Fire of the Board of 
 Aldermen, who shall hear the parties, and report to the Board for 
 their action thereon. 
 
 Sec. 18. In order that the Engineers and Fire Wardens may be 
 more readily distinguished at fires, the Chief Engineer and Assistant 
 Engineers shall wear a leather cap, painted white, with a gilded 
 front thereto, and a tire engine blazoned thereon, with the words 
 "Chief Engineer" or "Assistant Engineer," as the case may be, 
 painted thereon, and shall also carry a speaking trumpet, and each 
 of the Fire Wardens shall wear a hat painted black, with the word 
 "Warden" painted thereon, and shall also carry a speaking trumpet. 
 
 Sec. 10. The Captain of the respective fire Companies and the 
 Firemen shall, when on duty, wear leather caps, and the said caps 
 shall be painted and distinguished in such a manner as the differ 
 companies shall determine; the cap of each Captain shall have on 
 the front thereof the word "Captain," with the number of the engine 
 to which he belongs. The cap of each Fireman shall have the nami 
 and number of the engine to which he belongs in front thereof, fl < 
 Assistant to each respective company shall wear a cap painted in 
 the same manner as that of the Captain of the company, with the 
 word "Lieutenant" in lieu of the word '"Captain." And it shall be 
 the duty of the Captain of the respective companies to report to the 
 Chief Engineer the name of every person who shall neglect or refuse 
 „to comply with the foregoing requisitions, which said person shall 
 thereupon be removed from his office. 
 
312 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 20. No fire engine, nor hook and ladder, nor hose cart, shall 
 in going to, or returning from any fire, or at any other time, drive 
 Upon any sidewalk, except by the special order of the Chief Engi- 
 neer, or some officer in charge, under the penalty of $5 for each of- 
 fense, to be forfeited and paid by each of the Firemen of the company, 
 and by each and ever}- person aiding or assisting or consenting to 
 the violation of any of the provisions of this section, to be sued for 
 iiid recovered in the name of The City of New York. And if any 
 offense against this section shall he committed by any Fireman he 
 -shall, moreover, in the discretion of the Board of Aldermen be re- 
 moved from his station and office as such Fireman. 
 
 Sec. 2]. Xo fire engine, or hose or ladder carriage shall be let 
 out for hire, or lent: or taken beyond the limits of that section of The 
 City of \'e\v York, formerly known as the Village of Jamaica, except 
 "by permission of the Fire Commissioner, except in case of a tire in 
 the neighborhood of the former Village of Jamaica, when the Chief 
 Engineer may permit them to be used on the occasion. 
 
 Sec. 22. Tt shall not be lawful for any person or persons wilfully 
 to raise or create a false alarm of fire, by proclaiming lire, or by any 
 other means whatsoever, under a penalty of $25 for each and every 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 23. It shall not be lawful for any member of the Fire De- 
 partment to use or aid in using any lire engine belonging to said 
 Fire Department of The City of New York for a wager of money or 
 
 Tip on any other wager, or in strife between engine companies, under 
 ;i penalty of $25 for every such offense. And each and every person 
 
 offending against the provisions of this ordinance shall be expelled 
 from the said Fire Department. 
 
 Sec. 24. No owner or occupant of any stable within that section 
 of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Jamaica, 
 or any person in the employment of such owner or occupant, •-hall 
 •Use therein any lighted candle or lamp, except the same shall be se- 
 curely kept within a lantern, under the penalty of $10 for every such 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 25. Tt shall be the duty of the Chief Engineer to sue in the 
 corporate name of The City of New York for all fines and penalties 
 -imposed and incurred under this ordinance, and when recovered the 
 same shall be paid to the Comptroller for the use of The City of 
 New York, provided that in case the said Chief Engineer shall incur 
 any penalty, it shall be sued in the corporate name of The City of* 
 New York by such person as the Board of Aldermen may direct. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 31$ 
 
 PART VII. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY^ 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE 
 VILLAGE OF RICHMOND HILL. 
 
 CHAPTER 1 — STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. 
 Article 1 — Obstructions. 
 
 Section 1. No person shall place or cause to be placed, or kept 
 or suffer to remain in any street or other public place, any logs, 
 lumber, box, cart, stoves, planks, boards or other articles or material 
 whatever, so as to incommode or obstruct the free use or passage 
 thereof; nor shall any person place any such article or materials on 
 any sidewalk within that section of The City of New York formerly 
 known as the Village of Richmond Hill, or allow them to remain there. 
 Any person offending against the. provisions of this section, or either 
 of them, shall forfeit a penalty of $2, and the further penalty of $5.00 
 for every twenty-four hours that any street or sidewalk shall be so 
 obstructed; but nothing contained in this section shall prohibit per- 
 sons from placing goods and merchandise or household furniture on 
 the sidewalks for the purpose of loading or unloading the same, pro- 
 vided it shall be done during daylight and without any unreasonable 
 delay, and provided a passageway for traffic at least 4 feet wide be 
 left open. Nor shall this section be construed to prevent the tem- 
 porary deposit of building materials upon any r street adjoining prem- 
 ises where a house or other building is in course of erection, pro- 
 vided the builder or owner of such building or premises shall first 
 obtain a permit to obstruct such street from the President of the 
 Borough, and no such materials shall be placed upon the sidewalk 
 or obstruct the flow of surface water through the gutter, nor shall 
 they occupy more than one-third of the total width between the curb 
 lines. No such license to deposit materials within the street lines 
 shall be issued unless it appears that there is not sufficient space 
 upon the owner's premises for such storage. 
 
 Article 2 — Encumbrances. 
 
 Sec. 2. No person shall erect or maintain a fence, structure,, 
 ditch, excavation or encumbrance of any kind within the limits of 
 a public street or place, and any such obstruction shall be summarily 
 removed by the President of the Borough, and the expense c>f such 
 removal shall be borne by and may be collected from the owner of* 
 occupant of the adjoining premises or the person maintaining such 
 encroachment, provided notice of such encroachment shall have been 
 
31 + 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THK CITY OF XFW YORK. 
 
 jpyen to such adjoining owner, From and after throe days from such 
 notice the adjoining owner or person maintaining or responsible for 
 such encroachment, shall forfeit a prenalty of $2.00 for every twenty- 
 four hours during which said encroachment or obstruction remains 
 within or across the lines of a public street or place. Nothing herein 
 contained shall prevent the planting of shade trees along the outer 
 -or inner edge of a public sidewalk, nor the placing of hitching posts 
 or stepping stones near the curb line, in such a manner as not to 
 obstruct the walkway. 
 
 PART VIII. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE 
 
 VILLAGE OF FAR ROCKAWAY. 
 Article 1 — Nuisances. 
 
 Section 1. Any person or persons who shall make, aid, coun- 
 tenance, encourage or assist in making any unusual or improper noise, 
 Tint or disturbance in the streets or elsewhere in that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, 
 or who shall collect in crowds on any of the highways, streets, lanes, 
 ■corner or public places in that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, for unlawful pur- 
 poses or to the annoyance or inconvenience of travelers, or persons 
 residing adjacent thereto, and all persons who shall use any obscene, 
 vulgar or profane language in any such highway, street, lane or public 
 place, shall be liable to a fine of not less than $5.00 nor more than 
 $20.00 for each offense. 
 
 S^c. 2. No person shall run or race any horse, or start the same 
 for the purpose of racing, in any public street or road within that 
 section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of 
 Far Rockaway, under a penalty of $.).00 for every such offense. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall bathe in any of the waters within the 
 corporate limits of that section of The City of New York formerly 
 known as the Village of Far Rockaway, between the hours of 6 a. m. 
 <ind 8 p. m., unless clothed in a suitable bathing dress, under a fine 
 of not less than $2 nor more than $."> for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 4. No person shall paste, nail, or in any manner place or 
 cause to be placed, any advertisement, placard, poster or sign, printed, 
 written or painted, on any building or other property belonging to 
 that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF \T.\V YORK. 
 
 of Far Rockaway, or on any fence or building belonging to any indi- 
 vidual, company or corporation, without first obtaining the consent of 
 the owner thereof, under a penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. .">. No person shall be in a state of intoxication in any street, 
 highway, thoroughfare, or other place within the limit- of that section 
 of The City of New r York formerly known as the Village of Far Rock- 
 away, or in any private house or place, to the annoyance of any cit- 
 izen or person, under a fine of not less than $."> nor more than $10 
 for ever}- such offense. 
 
 Sec. <>. Trades wagons shall not be allowed to collect on the 
 streets or public places of that section of The City of New York,, 
 formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway. to the obstruction 
 of travel or the annoyance of persons coming and going on the 
 streets, sidewalks or crosswalks, or an}' property owner or resident 
 in the vicinity. 
 
 The fine for every violation of this ordinance shall not be less 
 than $2 nor more than $5. 
 
 Sec. 7. No person shall throw any stone, stick or other missile, 
 or play ball in any street of that section of The City of Xew York 
 formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, under a penalty of 
 $2 for each offense. 
 
 Article 2 — Encumbrances. 
 
 Sec. 8. No person shall place or cause to be placed any stone, 
 timber, lumber or other materials for building in or upon any high- 
 ways, streets, avenues and public squares in that section of The City 
 of New York formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway. with- 
 out a written permission for that purpose first obtained from the 
 President of the Borough, under a penalty of $10 for each and every 
 forty-eight hours during which the articles <>r materials aforesaid 
 shall be or remain in any such highway, street, avenue or public 
 square without permission as aforesaid, after notice from the Pres- 
 ident of the Borough. 
 
 Sec. 9. No train of cars, or any part of any train of cars, includ- 
 ing the locomotive and tender thereof, shall remain or be left across 
 or upon any of the streets or walks of that section of The City of 
 New York formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, so a- to 
 obstruct or prevent free travel along the same for a longer period 
 than five minutes during any period or during any hour unless tin: 
 same can be made to appear unavoidable. Any officer, agent or em- 
 ployee of any railroad company, or any person having charge or con- 
 trol of any such train of cars or locomotive who shall violate ->r 
 suffer or allow r any violation of this ordinance, shall pay a line of not 
 less than $5 nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
T.!8 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 Sec. 10. No person shall wash, or cause to be washed, any car- 
 riage, wagon or other vehicle on any street, lane, sidewalk, crosswalk, 
 or other public place in that section of The City of New York for- 
 merly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, under a fine of not 
 less than $2 nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 11. No person shall mix or temper mortar, or cause the 
 same to be done, on any sidewalk or crosswalk in that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, 
 under a penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 12. No water company, gas company, person or association 
 of persons shall be allowed to dig up any street or public place in 
 that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village 
 of Far Rockaway, for the purpose of laying or repairing pipes, or 
 for any other purpose, without a written permit from the President 
 of the Borough, under a penalty of $10 for every offense, and the 
 further sum of $10 for every twenty-four hours the same may be dug 
 up or left unfinished in addition to the actual damage which the 
 corporation may sustain. For every such permit issued as aforesaid 
 there shall be paid the sum of $2 for permission to dig up a macadam 
 road, and in every case where such permit is granted as aforesaid the 
 person or persons to whom it is granted shall properly restore the 
 earth or- pavement taken up for excavating and leave the surface in 
 the same condition substantially as" before excavation was com- 
 menced. This work shall be done under the supervision of the 
 President of the Borough. 
 
 Sec. 13. Any person who shall have obtained a permit to place 
 any building material, or any material to be used in the construction 
 of any building, or to place any pile of earth or sand dug from any 
 •cellar or other excavation upon the street, or who shall, after having 
 obtained a permit therefor, dig into the sidewalk or street, shall 
 cause the obstruction caused thereby to be protected by a sufficient 
 barrier, and sufficient light or lights at or near the obstruction for 
 the protection of travelers and passengers from danger or injury by 
 reason thereof, and for a violation of the provisions of this ordinance 
 the penalt\- shall be a fine of ten dollars. 
 
 Sec. 14. No person shall place or cause to be placed, or keep, 
 or suffer to be kept, any box, barrel, cask or other articles on any 
 street or sidewalk in that section of The City of New York formerly 
 known as the Village of Far Rockaway, under a penalty of $5 for 
 each offense, and the further penalty of $5 for every twenty-four 
 hours that the same shall so remain after notice from the President 
 of the Borough. 
 
 Article 3 — False Alarm of Fire. 
 
 Sec. 15. If any person shall wilfully or designedly alarm the cit- 
 izens of that section of The City of New York formerly known as 
 
I 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 317 
 
 the Village of Far Rockaway by a false cry of fire, or any other 
 unusual noise, be shall be liable to a penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— VOLUNTEER FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Article 1 — Rules and Regulations. 
 
 <• 
 
 Sec. 10. The secretaries of the several fire companies in that 
 section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of 
 Far Rockaway shall within ten days after the election of officers by 
 said companies, certify to the City Clerk of The City of New York, 
 the names of the offices filled at such election and the names of the 
 persons elected to such offices. 
 
 Sec. 17. Within ten days after the election of a member of any 
 of the fire companies of that section of The City of New York for- 
 merly known as the Village of Far Rockaway, the secretary of the 
 company in which said member was elected shall certify his name 
 and the fact and date of his election to the City Clerk of The City 
 of New York. All resignations of firemen, as also all removals, with 
 a statement of the cause of removal in each case shall, within ten 
 days of the date thereof, be certified by the secretary of the company 
 in which the same shall take place, to the City Clerk of The City of 
 New York. 
 
 Sec. 18. Between the 1st day of October and the 1st day of 
 November of each year the secretaries of the several fire companies 
 of that section of The City of New York formed}' known as the 
 Village of Far Rockaway, shall furnish to the City Clerk of The City 
 of New York a correct list of the members of their respective com- 
 panies in good standing, and they shall certify in such lists only 
 those firemen who have complied with the by-laws of their respective 
 companies and who have done at least 50 per cent, of duty at fires 
 during the twelve months preceding the date of such certificate. 
 
 Sec. 10. If any fireman shall neglect or refuse to attend inspec- 
 tion or parade when ordered by the Chief, or if any fireman shall 
 be absent from duty at fires without sufficient cause, or shall refuse 
 or neglect to do his duty as ordered by the Chief or Foreman or 
 his company, he shall be liable to a penalty of $2 for each offense 
 and be subject to be removed from his position as fireman. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— FINES AND PENALTIES. 
 Article i — Violations of Ordinances. 
 
 Sec. 20. In case any by-laws, resolutions or ordinances of that 
 section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of 
 Far Rockaway, be violated or disobeyed, and there shall be no pro- 
 visions incorporated therein for a penalty for such violation or dis- 
 
318 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XKW YORK. 
 
 obedience, the person so violating <»r disobeying said by-law, resolu- 
 tion <»r ordinance shall forfeit and pay not less than $."> nor more than 
 $50, in the discretion of the magistrate before whom s"Uch perSOk 
 shall be convicted of such violation. 
 
 Sec. 2TJL All lines, penalties or violations of these ordinances may 
 be p^bsectvfed for and collected in the manner prescribed by law, 
 together with the costs of proceeding. 
 
 PART IX. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE 
 VILLAGE OF ROCKAWAY BEACH. 
 
 CHAPTER 1— GENERAL RhXULATlOXS. 
 
 Section 1. Any person or persons who shall make, aid. counte- 
 nance, encourage or assi>t in making any unusual or improper noise, 
 riot or disturbance in the streets or elsewhere, or who shall congre- 
 gate on any of the highways, streets, lanes, corners or public places 
 in that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as Rock- 
 away Beach", to the annoyance or inconvenience of travelers, or of 
 persons residing adjacent thereto, and .all persons who shall use any 
 profane, obscene or vulgar language in any such highway, street, lane 
 or public place, shall be liable to a line of not less than $1 nor more 
 than $20 tor each offense, or in lieu thereof, not more than 10 days* 
 imprisonment in the county jail or other place most convenient and 
 lawfully available. 
 
 Sec. 2. Xo person shall run or race any horse, or start the same 
 for the purpose of racing in any public street or road within the 
 limits of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as 
 the Village of Rockaway Beach, under a penalty of $5 for every such 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. Xo person shall place or cause to be placed, or keep, 
 or suffer to be kept, any box. barrel, cask or other articles on any 
 street or sidewalk in that section of The City of Xew York formerly 
 known as the Village of Rockaway Beach, under a penalty of $5 for 
 every 24 hours that the same shall so remain after notice from the 
 President oi the Borough. All garbage and swill shall, pending 
 removal, be kept in metal cans having covers of metal. 
 
 Sec. 4. No person shall wash or cause to be washed any car- 
 riage, wagon or other vehicle on any street, lane, sidewalk, cross- 
 walk or other public place in. that section of The City of Xew York, 
 
ORDINANCES OF T11K CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 319 
 
 formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach, under a fine of 
 not less than $2 nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. No person shall alter or disturb the grade of any street 
 br public place without a permit from the President of the Borough, 
 and then only under the supervision of the President of the Borough, 
 under the fine of not less than $10 nor more than $100. Xo person 
 or corporation shall dig in or upon any such street or public place 
 without such permit, and then only under such supervision under the 
 like fine. As the condition of granting such permit, the President of 
 the Borough may require a cash deposit of such sum as will be 
 sufficient, in his judgment, to restore such street or place to its former 
 condition. 
 
 Sec. 6. Xo water company, gas company, telephone, telegraph or 
 electric light company, or person or association of perso'ns shall be 
 allowed to dig up any street or public place in that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Rockaway 
 Beach, for the purpose of laying or repairing pipes, or for any other 
 purpose, without a written permit from the President of the Bor- 
 ough, under a penalty of $10 for ever}- offense, and the further sum 
 of $10 for every 24 hours the same may be dug or left unfinished 
 in addition to the actual damage which the former Village of Rock- 
 away Beach may sustain. For eyery such permit issued as aforesaid, 
 there shall be paid the sum of $2 per foot for permission to dig up 
 a macadam road, and in every case where such permit is granted as 
 foresaid, the person or persons to whom it is granted shall properly 
 restore the earth or pavement taken up for excavating, and leave the 
 service in the same condition Substantially as before the excavation 
 was commenced. As the condition of granting such permit, the Pres- 
 ident of the Borough may require a cash deposit of such sum as in 
 his judgment will be sufficient to restore such street or place to its 
 former condition. 
 
 Sec. 6 A. Xo train of cars, or any part of any train of cars, 
 including the locomotive and tender thereof, shall remain or be left 
 across or upon any of the streets or walks of that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach, 
 so as to obstruct or prevent free tra%el along the same, for a longer 
 period than five minutes during any period or during any hour, unless 
 the same can be made to appear unavoidable. Any officer, agent or 
 employee of any railroad company, or any person having charge or 
 control of any such train of cars or locomotive who shall violate or 
 suffer or allow any violation of this ordinance shall pay a fine of not 
 less than $o nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 7. No hay. straw. Chips, shavings, or other combustible 
 substances shall be set on fire or burned in any street at any time, 
 or in any lot in that section of The City of Xew York formerly 
 
320 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 known as the Village of Roekaway Beach under a penalty of $10. to- 
 be incurred by any person directing or causing the same to be dune. 
 
 Sec S. Trade wagons shall not be allowed to collect on the 
 streets or public places of that section of The City of New York 
 formerly kn< wn as the Village of Roekaway Beach, to the obstruc- 
 tion of travel or the annoyance of persons coming anil going on the 
 streets, sidewalks, or crosswalks, or of any property owner or resident 
 in the vicinity. The line for every Violation of this section shall not be 
 less than $2 nor more than $5. 
 
 See. !). No person shall, without written permission from the 
 President of the Borough, dig or remove, carry away, or cause the 
 same to-be done, any stone, earth sand or gravel from any public 
 street, highway, lane or public place in that section of The City of 
 New York fromerly known as the Village of Roekaway Beach. 
 Every person violating the provisions of this section shall be liable 
 to a fine of not less than $."> nor more than $10 for each such offense 
 
 Sec. 10. Xo person shall place or cause to be placed any stone, 
 timber, lumber or other materials for building in or upon any high- 
 ways, streets, avenues and public squares in that section of The 
 City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of Roekaway 
 Beach without written permission for that purpose first obtained from 
 the President of the Borough, under a penalty of $10 for each and 
 every forty-eight hours during which the articles or materials afore- 
 said shall be or remain in any such highway, street, avenue or public 
 square without permission as aforesaid. 
 
 Sec. 11. Any person who shall have obtained a permit to place 
 any building material, or any material to be used in the construction 
 of any building, or to place any pile of earth or sand dug from any 
 cellar or other excavation upon the street, or who shall, after having 
 obtained a permit therefor, dig into the sidewalk or street, shall cause 
 the obstruction caused thereby to be protected by a sufficient barrier, 
 and sufficient light or lights at or near the obstruction for the pro- 
 tection of travelers and passengers from damage or injury by reason 
 thereof, and for a violation of the provision of this ordinance the 
 penalty shall be a fine of $10. 
 
 See. 12. Xo person shall mix or temper mortar, or cause the 
 same to be done, on any sidewalk or crosswalk in that section of 
 The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of Roekaway 
 Beach, under a penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 13. Xo person shall paste, nail, or in any manner place or 
 c ause to be placed, any advertisement, placard, poster or sign, printed, 
 written or painted, on any building or other property belonging to 
 that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as the Vil- 
 lage of Roekaway Beach or on any fence or building belonging to any 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF XEW YORK. 21 
 
 individual, company or corporation, without first" obtaining the con- 
 sent of the owner thereof, under a penalty of $3 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 14. It shall be unlawful for any person to play a hand organ 
 or other musical instrument in any of the streets or public places in 
 that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as Rockaway 
 Beach, without having first obtained a license therefor from the Mayor 
 and paid for such license, for the use of The City of Xew York, not 
 le-> than ten dollars, nor more than fifty dollars, at the discretion of 
 the Mayor granting the license. Every such license shall provide that 
 the player shall at the request of any householder, move away to 
 a distance of 500 feet from said householder's residence, shall re- 
 strict playing to week days, between 9 a. m. and 7 p. m.. shall ex- 
 pire on the 1st day of May next succeeding the date of issue, and 
 shall not be transferred without the consent of the Mayor. This 
 ordinance shall not apply to parades of military or political organi- 
 zations. Any person violating this ordinance or the conditions of 
 the license granted to him thereunder shall be liable to a fine of 
 not less than live dollars nor more than twenty dollars for each 
 offense. 
 
 Sec. 15. The playing of a piano or other musical instrument in 
 any place or building shall not-be permitted after midnight without 
 the majority consent in writing by householders within the limit 
 of :>()() feet in any direction from such place or building, under tine 
 of hot less than five dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars. 
 
 Sec. i<). If any person shall wilfully or designedly alarm the 
 citizens of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known 
 as the village of Rockaway Beach, by a false cry of tire or other 
 unusual noise, he shall be lined not less than two dollars nor more 
 than five dollars for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 17. If any person shall throw any stone, stick or other mis- 
 sile, or play bail in any street of that section of The City of Xew 
 York formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach, under 
 a penalty of two dollars for each offense. 
 
 Sec. IS. Xo person shall be in a state of intoxication in any 
 street, highway, thoroughfare or other public place within that sec- 
 tion of The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of 
 Rockaway Beach to the annoyance of any citizen or person, under 
 a line of not less than $5 nor more than $10 for every such offense. 
 
 It shall be the duty of each and every Police Officer to arrest 
 any person drunk or intoxicated as aforesaid, and to confine such 
 person in jail. 
 
 Sec. 10. Xo person shall bathe in any of the waters within that 
 section of The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village 
 of Rockaway Beach, unless clothed in a suitable bathing dress, under 
 a line of not less than $2 nor more than $5 for each offense. 
 
J28 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 20. In case any ordinance of that section of The City of 
 S'ew Y<»rk formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach be 
 violated or disobeyed, and there shall be no provisions incorporated 
 therein for a penalty for such violations or disobedience, the per- 
 sons so violating or disobeying said ordinances shall forfeit and pay 
 not less than $."» nor more than $.">(> in the discretion of the Magis- 
 trate before whom such person shall be convicted of such violation. 
 
 Sec. 21. All fines, penalties, or forfeitures for violation of these 
 ordinances may be prosecuted for and collected in the manner pre- 
 scribed by law, together with the costs of proceedings. 
 
 Sec. 22. It shall be unlawful for any corporation, association or 
 individual hereafter to continue, construct, erect, maintain or string 
 above ground in any street, avenue or highway in that section of 
 New York City- formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach 
 any telegraph, telephone or conductors, poles or wires. Every cor- 
 poration, association or individual owning, operating, managing or 
 controlling telegraph or telephone poles, cables or conductors in- 
 cluding what is known as telegraph poles and the other appurten- 
 naces thereto, shall remove the same from the surface of all streets, 
 avenues, highways, public grounds or public places in that section 
 of New York City formerly known as the Village of Rockaway Beach 
 shall be forthwith- removed. 
 
 See. 2;;. All telegraph, telephone and electric light poles, wires 
 or conductors which at the time of the passage of this ordinance 
 shall have been standing for three months prior thereto, disused 
 or abandoned, or which shall hereafter remain or stand disused, or 
 become disused or abandoned, in. over or upon any of the streets, 
 avenues, sidewalks, public grounds or public places of that section 
 of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Rocka 
 Tyay Beach, shall be iorthwith removed 
 
 Sec. 24. It shall be the duty of the corporation, association, 
 person or persons owning, operating, managing or controlling any 
 disused or abandoned poles, wires or conductors, or any poles, wires 
 or conductors which are dangerous or unsafe, forthwith to take 
 down and remove the same; and a failure to do so is hereby declared 
 a violation of this ordinance, and shall constitute disorderly conduct, 
 and the corporation, association, person or persons so violating the 
 same shall be disorderly persons. 
 
 Sec. 25. This provision is made a police regulation in and for 
 that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Vil- 
 lage of Rockaway Beach, and in case the owner, owners, operators, 
 or persons controlling such wires, poles, conductors or devices shall 
 mot cau>e them to be removed from Mich streets, sidewalks and pub- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 23 
 
 lie places as in this ordinance required it shall Be the duty of the 
 President of the Borough to remove or cause the same to be removed 
 forth with. 
 
 Sec. 26. It shall be unlawful hereafter for any corporation, asso- 
 ciation, person or persons to lake up the pavements, streets or side- 
 walks of that section of New York City formerly known as the 
 Village of Rockaway Beach, or to excavate in, on or about any said 
 streets, sidewalks or public places, or in any manner to interfere 
 therewith for the purpose of laying underground any electrical con- 
 ductors unless a permit in writing therefor shall have been iir>t 
 obtained from the President of the Borough, and except with such 
 permission, no electrical conductors, wires, conduits or other figures 
 or devices therefor shall be continued, constructed, erected or main- 
 tained <>r strung under ground in any part of said village. 
 
 Sec. 27. For every violation of this ordinance the corporation, 
 association, or individuals violating the same shall be liable to a 
 penalty ot per day for every pole allowed to remain within that 
 section of Xew York City formerly known as the Village of Rocka- 
 way Beach, by the President of the Borough, or after a notice to 
 remove the same shall have been given by the President of the 
 Borough. 
 
 Sec. 28. In addition to this penalty it is ordained that any viola- 
 tion of this ordinance shall constitute disorderly conduct, and that 
 the corporation, association, person or persons violating the same 
 shall be disorderly persons. 
 
 PART X. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE 
 CITY OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE 
 VILLAGE OF ARVERNE-BY-THE-SEA. 
 
 CHAPTER i— PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER. 
 Article i — Nuisances. 
 
 Section i. Any person or persons who shall make, aid, counten- 
 ance, encourage or assist in making any unusual or improper noise, 
 riot or disturbance in the streets or elsewhere or who shall congre- 
 gate on any of the highways, streets, lanes, corners or public places 
 in that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as the 
 Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea, to the annoyance or inconvenience of 
 travelers or persons residing adjacent thereto, and all persons who 
 shall use any obscene, vulgar or profane language in any such high- 
 way. >treet. lane or public place shall be liable to a penalty of not 
 less than $i nor more than $_>0 for each offense," or in lieu thereof, 
 not more than ten days' imprisonment. 
 
324 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Article 2 — Prevention of Vice. 
 
 Sec. 2. Vice and immorality, disturbance of the public peace and 
 order, disorderly houses, gambling houses, instruments and devices 
 for gaming, and, in general, all acts, things and omissions forbidden 
 by the Laws of the State of Xew York, arc hereby forbidden. 
 
 Except as prescribed in these ordinances, the penalties for such 
 acts shall be those imposed by the laws of the State. 
 
 Soc. 3. It shall be unlawful to write, print, publish or post any 
 obscene or indecent writing, picture, or print in that section of The 
 City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the- 
 or to deface any post, wall, fence,, building, or other surface 
 with any obscene or indecent mark, writing, picture or print. 
 
 Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance 
 shall be liable to a fine of not less than $20 nor more than $50 for 
 each offense. 
 
 Article 3 — False Alarm of Fire. 
 
 Sec. 4. If any person shall willfully or designedly alarm the 
 citizen^ of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known 
 as the Village of Arvcrne-by-the-Sea, under a fine of not less than $2 
 unusual noise, he shall be lined not less than $2 nor more than $5 
 for each offense. 
 
 Article 4 — Miscellaneous Provisions. 
 
 Sec. 5. No person shall throw any stone, stick or other missile, 
 or play ball, in any street of that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of Arvcrne-by-the-Sea, under a pen- 
 alty of $2 for each offense. 
 
 See. 6. No person shall bathe in any of the waters within the 
 limits of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as 
 the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea, unless clothed in a suitable bath- 
 ing dress, under a fine of not less than $2 nor more than $5 for each 
 offense. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— STREETS AND HIGHW AYS. 
 Article 1 — Washing cf Carriages. 
 
 Sec. 7. No person shall wash or cause to be washed any car- 
 riage, wagon or other vehicle on any street, lane, sidewalk or other 
 public place in that section of The City of Xew York formerly known 
 as the \ illage of Avernue-by-the-Sea, under a fine of not les> than $2 
 nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 325 
 
 Article 2 — Encumbrances and Excavations. 
 
 S - 3. No person shall alter or disturb the grade of any street 
 or public place without a permit from the President of the Borough, 
 and then only under the supervision of the President of the Borough, 
 under a fine or not less than $io nor more than $100. No person or 
 corporation shall dig in or upon any such street or public place with- 
 out such permit, and then only under such supervision, under the like 
 penalty. As the condition of granting such permit the President of 
 the Borough may require a cash deposit of such sum as will be suf- 
 ficient, in his judgment, to restore such street or place to its former 
 condition. 
 
 Sec. 9. Xo water company, gas company, telegraph, telephone or 
 electric light company, or person or association of persons, shall be 
 allowed to dig up any street or public place in that section of The 
 City o: New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the- 
 Sea, for the purpose of laying or repairing pipes, or for any other 
 purpose, without a written permit from the President of the Borough, 
 under a penalty of $10 for ever}- offense., and a further sum of $10 
 for every twenty-four hours the same may be dug up or left un- 
 finished, in addition to the actual damage which The City of New 
 York may sustain. For every such permit issued as aforesaid there 
 shall be paid the sum of $2 per foot for permission to dig up a 
 macadam road; and, in every case where such permit is granted as 
 aforesaid, the person or persons to whom it is granted shall properly 
 restore the earth or pavement taken up for excavating and leave the 
 surface in the same condition substantially as before the excavation 
 was commenced. This work shall be done under the supervision of 
 the Pre -ident of the Borough. 
 
 As the condition of granting such permit, the President of the 
 Borough may require a cash deposit of such sum as. in his judgment, 
 will be sufficient to restore such street or place to its former condi- 
 tion. But nothing in this ordinance shall be construed as authorizing 
 or permitting the erection or maintainance of any poles or overhead 
 wire in the streets or avenues of that section of The City of New 
 York, formerly known as the Village of Jamaica. 
 
 Sec. 10. Xo train of cars or any part of any train of cars, in- 
 cluding the locomotive and tender thereof, shall remain or be left 
 across or upon any of the streets or walks of that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the- 
 Sea, so as to obstruct or prevent free travel along the same for a 
 longer period than live minutes during any period or during any hour, 
 unless the same can be made to appear unavoidable. Any officer, 
 
320 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 agent or employee of any railroad company, or any person having 
 charge or control of any Mich train of cars or locomotive, who shall 
 violate or suffer or allow any violation of this ordinance, shall pay a 
 fine of not less than $5 nor more than $10 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 11. No hay, straw, chips, shavings or other combustile sub- 
 stances shall be set on fire or burned in any street at any time, or in 
 any lot in that section of The City of \e\v York formerly known as 
 the Village of Arverne by-the-Sea, under a penalty of $10. to be 
 incurred by any person directing or causing the same to be done. 
 
 Sec. 12. Trades wagons shall not be allowed to collect on the 
 streets or public places of that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea, to the obstruc- 
 tion of travel or the annoyance of persons coming and going on the 
 streets, sidewalks or crosswalks, or of any property owner or resi- 
 dent in the vicinity. 
 
 The fine for ever}- violation of this section shall not be less than 
 $2 nor more than $5. 
 
 Sec. 13. No person shall, without written permission from the 
 President of the Borough, dig or remove, carry away or cause the 
 same to be done, any stone, earth, sand or gravel from any public 
 street, highway, lane or public place in that section of The City of 
 New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea. 
 Every person violating the provisions of this section shall be liable 
 to a fine of not less than $5 nor more than $10 for each such offense. 
 
 Sec. 14. No person shall place or cause to be placed any stone, 
 timber, lumber or other materials for building in or upon any high- 
 ways, streets, avenues or public squares in that section of The City 
 of New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea, 
 without a written permission for that purpose first obtained from the 
 President of the Borough, under a penalty of $10 for each and every 
 forty-eight hours during which the articles or materials aforesaid 
 shall be or remain in any such highway, street, avenue or public 
 square without permission as aforesaid, after notice from the Presi- 
 dent of the Borough to remove the same. 
 
 Sec. 15. Any person who shall have obtained a permit to place 
 any building material, or any material to be used in the construction 
 of any building, or to place any pile of earth or sand dug from any 
 cellar or other excavation upon the street, or who shall, after having 
 obtained a permit therefor, dig into the sidewalk or street, shall cause 
 the obstruction caused thereby to be protected by a sufficient barrier, 
 and sufficient light or lights at or near the obstruction, for the pro- 
 tection of travelers and passengers from damage or injury by reason 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF N'EW YORK. 
 
 327 
 
 thereof, and rif a violation of the provisions of this ordinance the 
 penalty shall be a line of $10. 
 
 Sec. l6. No person shall mix or temper mortar, or cause the 
 same to be done, on any sidewalk or crosswalk in that section of 
 The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne- 
 by-the-Sea. under a penalty of $10 for each offense. 
 
 Article 3 — Advertisements and Public Notices. 
 
 Sec. ij. No person shall paste, nail or in any manner place, or 
 cause to be placed, any advertisement, placard, poster or sign, printed, 
 written or painted, on any building or other property belonging to 
 The City of New York, or on any fence of building belonging to any 
 individual, company or corporation, without first obtaining the con- 
 sent of the owner thereof, under a penalty of $5 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 18. Any person who shall tear down, deface or destroy any 
 notice, handbill or poster put up or posted by or under the direction 
 of the Board of Aldermen, or by or under the direction of any au- 
 thorized body or official shall be liable to a penalty of $10 for each 
 offense. 
 
 Article 4 — Street Musicians. 
 
 Sec. 19. It shall be unlawful for any person to play a hand organ 
 or other musical instrument in any of the streets or public places in 
 that section of The City of New York formerly known as the Vil- 
 lage of Arverne-by-the-Sea. without having first obtained a license 
 therefor from the Mayor 4 and paid for such license, for the use of 
 The City of New York, not less than $10, nor more than $50, at the 
 discretion of the Mayor granting the license. Every such license shall 
 provide that the player shall, at the request of any householder, 
 move away to a distance of 500 feet from said householder's residence, 
 shall restrict claim to week days, between 9 a. m. and 7 p. m., shall ex- 
 pire on the 1st day of May next succeeding the date of issue, and 
 shall not be transferred without the consent of the Mayor. This 
 ordinance shall not apply to parades of military or political organiza- 
 tions. Any person violating this ordinance or the conditions of this 
 license' granted to him thereunder shall be liable to a fine of not less 
 than $5 nor more than $20 for each offense. 
 
 CHAPTER 3— AUCTIONEERS. 
 
 Article 1 — Licenses. 
 
 Sec. jo No goods, wares or merchandise or other property, real 
 or personal, shall be sold at auction in that section of The City of 
 
ORDINANCES OK Ti!K CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea by 
 an auctioneer, his agent or servant or by any other 'person, without 
 a written permit from the City Clerk of The City of New York, nor 
 in front of any house, store or tenement without the consent of the 
 owner or occupant thereof. For each permit for such auction or sale 
 there shall be paid to the City Clerk of The City of New York the 
 sum of three dollars for each day or part of a day that such auction 
 or sale shall be held or continued. Every person violating any of 
 the provisions of this section shall be liable to a fine of not less than 
 five dollars nor more than ten dollars lor each offense. 
 
 CFIAPTER 4— FINES AND PENALTIES. 
 Article i — Violation of Ordinances, Etc. 
 
 Sec. 21. In case any by-laws, resolutions or ordinances of that 
 section of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of 
 Arverne-by-the-Sea be violated or disobeyed, and there shall be no 
 provisions incorporated therein for a penalty for such violation or 
 disobedience, the person so violating or disobeying said by-law. reso- 
 lutions or ordinance shall forfeit and pay not less than five dollars 
 nor more than lift}- dollars, in the discretion of the magistrate before 
 whom such person shall be convicted of such violation. 
 
 Sec. 22. All lines, penalties or forfeitures for violation- of these 
 ordinances may be prosecuted for and collected in the manner pre- 
 scribed by law, together with the costs of proceedings. 
 
 All moneys for fines, licenses or damages which shall be collected 
 under any by-laws, ordinances, rules or regulations of that section of 
 The City of New York formerly known as the Village of Arverne-by- 
 the-Sea shall be paid to the Comptroller of The City of New York 
 within five days after the same shall be collected and received by any 
 officer or person who shall have collected or received the same, for 
 the use of the said City of New York. 
 
 CHAPTER 5— ABANDONED POLES IN STREETS. 
 Article i — Removal of Poles. 
 
 Sec. 23. All telegraph, telephone and electric light poles, wires 
 or conductors which at the time of the passage of this ordinance 
 shall have been standing for three months prior thereto disused or 
 abandoned, or which shall hereafter remain or stand disused or be- 
 come disused or abandoned in, over or upon any of the streets, ave- 
 nues, sidewalks, public grounds or public places of that section of 
 The City of NewYork formerly known as the Village of Avernc-by- 
 the-Sea, shall be forthwith removed. 
 
ORDINANCES OF TI1K CITY OF NEW YORK. :*29 
 
 Sec. 24. It shall be the duty of the corporation, association, per- 
 son or persons owning; operating, managing or controlling any dis- 
 used or abandoned poles, wires or conductors, or any poles, wires or 
 conductors which art- dangerous or unsafe, forthwith to take down 
 and remove the same: and a failure to do so is hereby declared a 
 violation of this ordinance and shall constitute disorderly conduct, 
 and the corporation, association, person or persons so violating the 
 same shall be disorderly person s. 
 
 Sec. 25. This provision i> made a police regulation in and for 
 that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village 
 of Arverne-by-the-Sea. and in case the owner, owners, operators or 
 persons controlling such wires, poles, conductors or devices shall not 
 eaus< 'urn to be removed from such streets, sidewalks and public 
 places as in this ordinance required, it shall be the duty of the Presi- 
 dent of the Borough to remove or cause the same to be removed 
 forthwith. 
 
 Article 2 — Permits for Laying Conduits. 
 
 Sec. 26. It shall be unlawful hereafter for any corporation, asso- 
 ciation, person or persons to take up the pavements, streets or side- 
 walks of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as 
 the Village of Arveme-on-the-Sea. or to excavate in, or about any 
 of the said strets, sidewalks or public places, or in any manner to 
 interfere therewith, for the purpose of laying underground any elec- 
 trical conductors unless a permit in writing therefor shall have first 
 been obtained from the President of the Borough, and except with 
 such permission, no electrical conductors, wires, conduits or other 
 figures or devices therefor shall be continued, constructed, erected 
 or maintained or strung under ground in any part of that section of 
 The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of Arverne- 
 by-the-Sea. 
 
 Article 3 — Penalties for Failure to Remove Poles. 
 
 Sec. 27. For ever}' violation of this ordinance the corporation, 
 association or individuals violating the same shall be liable to a pen- 
 alt}' of $5 per da}' for every pole allowed to remain within that sec- 
 tion of The City of Xew York known as the Village of Arverne-by- 
 the Sea, after notice to remove the same shall have been given by 
 the President of the Borough. 
 
 Sec. >8. In addition to this penalty, it is ordained that any vio- 
 lation of this ordinance shall constitute disorderly conduct, and the 
 corporation, association, person or persons violating the same shall 
 be disorderly persons. J 
 
330 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 PART XI. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE 
 CITY OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS 
 THE VILLAGE OF PORT RICHMOND. 
 
 CHAPTER i— GENERAL REGULATIONS. 
 Article i — Bathing. 
 
 Section I. No person shall be allowed to bathe publicly in a 
 state of nudity or partial nudity anywhere within that section of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, 
 between the hours of 5 o'clock a. m. and 8 o'clock, p. m., under the 
 penalty of $2 for each offense. 
 
 Article 2 — Injuring Street Signs. 
 
 Sec. 2. It shall not be lawful for any person to injure, deface, 
 obliterate, mar, remove, take down, loosen, destroy or in any other 
 matter interfere with or disturb any of the signboards containing the 
 names of the public roads, avenues, streets or places, whether such 
 signboards are now or may hereafter be erected or put up, or 
 whether they may be upon public or private property, under a pen- 
 alty of $10 for each and every offense. 
 
 Article 3 — Filling in Streets, Etc. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person, without being previously authorized by .1 per- 
 mit of the President of the Borough shall till in or raise, or cause to 
 be tilled in or raised, any road, avenue, street or other public place in 
 that section of New York City formerly known as the Village of 
 Port Richmond, or any part of such road, avenue, street or other 
 public place, or take up, remove, or carry away, or cause to be taken 
 up, removed or carried away any turf, stone, sand, clay or earth from 
 any such road, avenue, street or public place under the penalty of $JO 
 for every such offense; and every person so offending shall be fur- 
 ther liable for all expenses and damages which The City of Xew 
 York may incur in restoring Mich road, avenue, street or other public 
 place to its original condition, to be recovered with cost of suit. 
 
 Aritcle 4 — Dedication of Street. 
 
 Sec. 4. No avenue or street in that section of Xew York City 
 formerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, the width whereof 
 is less than 50 feet, shall hereafter be accepted as a public street or 
 highway; nor shall the same be accepted unless the* carriageway and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 331 
 
 sidewalks shall have respectively been properly graded and regulated 
 and shall severally be in good order and condition for convenient 
 use, with sufficient gutters for the drainage of the same, and of the 
 water- from adjoining lands. 
 
 Article 5 — Drains. 
 
 Sec. 5. All drains leading across any sidewalk shall be construc- 
 ted of hard brick or stone, and covered with flat stones of even sur- 
 face, with straight edges laid close. Ordinary gutters across side- 
 walks shall he formed of oblong strips of flat stones of even surface, 
 with straight edges, respectively not less than 2 feet in length, laid 
 beveling to the centre of such gutter, or of such materials, and in 
 such manner, as the President of the Borough shall approve of and 
 authorize. 
 
 Article 6 — Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 6. No sidewalk in that section of New York City formerly 
 known as the Village of Port Richmond, laid wholly or in part with 
 flaggings, shall hereafter be taken tip. or the flagging removed there- 
 from, or the grade thereof altered for any purpose whatever except 
 previously authorized by the President of the Borough, under penalty 
 for each offense of $10, to be forfeited and paid for each and every 
 person offending in the premises, and. when so taken up. or when 
 any sidewalk shall be broken, dug up, or in any wise injured by, or 
 by the direction of any person, the same shall be well and sufficiently 
 repaired and reinstated by such person within such time as shall 
 be specified for thai purpose, in any written or printed notice from 
 the President of the Borough, served upon such person or upon the 
 occupant of the premises adjoining such sidewalk, under the penalty 
 of $10, and a further penalty of $_> for each and every day after the 
 expiration of time so specified in such notice, such person shall omit 
 or neglect to repair and reinstate the same. 
 
 Article 7 — Obstructing the Streets. 
 
 Sec, T. It shall not be lawful to encroach upon or encumber any 
 public road, avenue, street or public place in that portion of The 
 City of New York formerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, 
 by any building or by any fence, porch, piazza, stoop, step, staircase, 
 platform, bow window, area, cellar door or descent into any base- 
 ment or cellar or by the projection of an\ sign over or upon any 
 sidewalk or otherwise; and if any person shall hereafter encroach 
 upon or incumber any public road, avenue* street or other place in 
 that section of The City pi -New York formerly known as the Village 
 
332 
 
 ORDINANCES OF XHE CITY OK NEW YORK 
 
 of Port Richmond, or continue any such existing encroachment, 
 encumbrance or projection, in violation of the provision of this 
 ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 8. The President of the Borough may give a written or 
 printed notice to the owner of the premises, by service upon such 
 owner, or upon the occupant of the premises, requiring such owner 
 to remove or alter every such encumbrance or projection within a 
 period to be specified in such notice, and in case of neglect <»r refusal 
 to comply with such notice, the owner of such premises shall forfeit 
 and pay the sum of $10, and also a further sum of $2 for each and 
 ever}- day he or she shall neglect or omit to remove or alter any such 
 encroachment, encumbrance or projection, after the expiration of the 
 time specified in such notice, until the same shall be done, and at 
 an\- time after the expiration of the time specified for thai purpose 
 in such notice, if such encroachment, encumbrance or projection 
 shall not then have been removed or altered, the President of the 
 Borough may. by notice, or order, direct and cause such encroach- 
 ment, encumbrance or projection to be removed and altered at the 
 expense of the owner or constructor thereof, who shall be liable to 
 The City of Xew York for all expenses which it may incur by such 
 removal or alteration, together with such aforesaid penalties, t" be 
 recovered with costs of suit. 
 
 Article 8 — Awnings. 
 
 Sec. 9. It shall be lawful for any person to place and fix awn- 
 ings made of cloth before his or her store, shop or place of business, 
 and to cause such awnings to be supported by posts and a rail there- 
 on, provided such posts and rails thereon be made and placed in the 
 manner hereinafter mentioned, that is to say: Such posts shall not 
 be less than 5 inches in diameter at the base , nor less than 4 inches 
 in diameter at the top, shall be placed next to and along- the inside 
 of the curbstone, if the sidewalk be curbed, otherwise within (> inches 
 of the outer edge of the sidewalk, including the rail, on the top, and 
 such posts or rails shall be turned or placed smooth and well 
 painted; and it shall not be lawful to erect or maintain any wooden 
 awnings or shed projecting in part or wholly over any sidewalk, 
 road, avenue, street or public place in that section of The City . : New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, without first 
 having obtained the permission of the President of the Borough so 
 to do. under the penalty of $10 for each offense, and a further pi nalty 
 of $2 for each and every day the >ame shall be permitted to '•.■main 
 , to be recovered of the owner or occupant of the premises, from which 
 such wooden awning or shed shall project. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK XEW YORK. 333 
 
 Article 9 — Gas Mains. 
 
 Sec. 10. It shall not be lawful for any gas company, or for any 
 person to lay any gas main or other pipe in any road, avenue, street 
 or public place in that section of New York City, formerly known as 
 the Village of Port Richmond, or to break up or disturb the ground 
 for such or an}- purpose, unless previously authorized by a permit 
 of the President of the Borough, or otherwise than in conformity 
 with the conditions prescribed, and subject to any restrictions ex- 
 pressed or imposed in and by an}- such permit, under the penalty of 
 $30 for each offense, and the further penalty of $10 for each and 
 every day any company or person shall neglect or omit to comply 
 in all respects with the requirement of any permit of the President 
 of the Borough, forbidding the prosecution of such work, requir- 
 ing the removal from such road, avenue, street or public place, of 
 any main, pipe or other encumbrance placed or caused to be placed 
 thereon by such company or person, the filling up of any trench dug 
 for the purpose of laying any main or pipes, and restoring of the 
 ground and pavement, if any. of such road, avenue, street or public 
 place, to the like order and condition the same was in immediately 
 prior to the causing the same to be disturbed, and in case of the re- 
 fusal or neglect to comply with all the requirements of any such 
 last mentioned permit within the time specified after the service of a 
 copy or of a notice thereof by the President of the Borough upon 
 the President or Secretary of the company, or upon any person doing 
 such work, the President of the Borough may at any time thereafter, 
 cause all or any part of such work to be done at the expense of said 
 company, or person, who shall be liable to The City of Xew York 
 for all expenses which it may incur in that behalf, together with such 
 aforesaid penalties to be recovered with costs of suit. 
 
 Sec. 11. It shall be obligatory upon such company or persons 
 when laying any main, or service or other pipe, or establishing any 
 lamp-post, in any road, avenue, street or public place in that se ;cti on 
 of Xew York City formerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, 
 to perform all such work carefully, workmanlike and substantially, 
 disturbing the ground, and the pavement, curb, gutter and flagging if 
 any, no further than may be actually necessary for the careful per- 
 formance of any such work: to guard, as far as practicable, ag; 51 
 the further settling of the ground, pavement, curb, gutter or flagging 
 above any such main, service or other pipe, or around such lamp- 
 post, or resulting from the digging of the trench thereof by filling 
 in around and above any such main or service pipe, and around such 
 lamp-post, the earth dug from any such trench, compactly and firmly; 
 to repair all damage which may be caused to any such road, avenue, 
 street, or public place, or to any pavement, curb gutter, or ftaggii g 
 
334 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK NEW YORK. 
 
 by the laying of such main or service pipe, or the establishing such 
 lamp-post, and to restore the same respectively to as good order and 
 condition as the same were in immediately prior to their commencing 
 any such work: to cause all such work to be performed with all rea- 
 sonable despatch and in such manner as not unnecessarily to incom- 
 mode the neighborhood or the public, and to promptly conform to 
 all such directions as the Borough President may from time to 
 time give in that behalf: under the penalty of $10 for every omission 
 ueglect, refusal or delay; and in case of any such omission, neglect, 
 refusal or delay, it shall be lawful for the Borough President to cause 
 any such work to be done at the expense of said company, which shall 
 be liablje to The City of New York for all expenses which it may 
 thereby incur as well as such aforesaid penalties specified in this sec- 
 tion to be recovered with costs of suit. 
 
 Sec. 12. If any person or persons shall wilfully and maliciously 
 injure, damage or disturb any main, service or other pipe, heretofore 
 or which may hereafter be laid by any gas company or person^ in 
 that portion of Xew York City formerly known as the Village of 
 Port Richmond for the purpose of supplying the same, or the in- 
 habitants thereof, or any part of portion thereof with gas, water or 
 drainage, such person or persons shall severally forfeit and pay 
 to The City of Xew York the sum of $30 for every such offense, to 
 be recovered with costs of suit and the imposing, recovery or pay- 
 ment of such penalty or penalties shall not in any wise impair or 
 interfere with any claim of such company or person against any 
 person or persons guilty of any such act, for any damage which -aid 
 company or person may sustain therefrom. 
 
 Sec. 13. Xo person or persons shall affix any such thing to 
 any private buildings and fences or blank walls within that section 
 of Xew York City iormerly known as the Village of Port Richmond, 
 unless with the permission of the owner of such private buildings and 
 Eences, under the penalty of $2 for each and every offence. 
 
 PART XII. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE 
 CITY OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS 
 THE VILLAGE OF NEW BRIGHTON. 
 
 CHAPTER 1— STREKTS AM) HIGHWAYS. 
 Article 1 — Encumbrances, Excavations and Laying of Pipes. 
 
 Section 1. Xo person shall place or cause, to be placed any stone, 
 timber, lumber, plank, boards or other materials for building, in or 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 333 
 
 upon any street, lane or public square, without a written perim--!' r. 
 for that purpose, first obtained from the President of the Borough, un- 
 der penalty of $5 for each offense, and the further penalty of $5 tor 
 each and every forty-eight hours during- which the articles or ma- 
 terials aforesaid shall he or remain in any such street, alley or pub- 
 lic square. 
 
 Sec. 2. The President of the Borough is authorized to grant any 
 person permission to place any building materials in any of the 
 streets, alleys and public squares of that section of The City of New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Xew Brighton; such permis- 
 sion, however, shall not be for a longer period than one month, nor 
 authorize the obstruction of an}' part of the sidewalk, nor more than 
 one-third of the carriageway of the street opposite the lot or place 
 where the building is proposed to be erected. For every permit so 
 granted the applicant shall pay such fee as the Borough President 
 shall require. 
 
 Sec. 3. Every person to whom permission is granted as afore- 
 said shall cause all the timber, building materials and rubbish to be 
 removed after a notice in writing to do so shall be served upon them 
 by the President of the Borough, and for neglect or refusal so to re- 
 move, shall be liable to a penalty of $10 for every twenty-four hours 
 such encroachment shall continue after the expiration of said'notiee. 
 
 Sec. 4. No person shall, without the permission of the Presi- 
 dent of the Borough, dig, remove or carry away or cause the same 
 to be done, any stone, earth, sand or gravel from any public street, 
 highway, lane or public square in that section of The City of New 
 York formerly known as the Village of Xew Brighton, under the 
 penalty of not less than $0 or more than $.">0 for each offense, in the 
 discretion of the Magistrate convicting. And it shall be unlawful for 
 any person to drop or deposit any stone, gravel, sand or other ma- 
 terial on an>- of the streets of that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of New Brighton, under a like penalty. 
 
 Sec. 5. No person shall place or cause to be placed, or it shall 
 not be lawful for the owner or occupant of any estate within that 
 section of the City of New York formerly known .is the Village of 
 New Brighton, or for any other purpose to erect, place or continue 
 or cause to be erected, placed or continued upon any sidewalk. r<>atL 
 avenue or street adjoining such estate any encumbrance, encroach- 
 ment or obstruction which shall in any manner impede, obstruct i »r 
 prevent the full, clear and tree passage of such sidewalk, road, ave- 
 nue or street, but the said owner, the agent or occupant of such es- 
 tate shall forthwith remove any such encumbrance, encroachment or 
 obstruction on being notified so to do by the President of the Bor- 
 ough, and shall be liable to a penalty of $5 for each and every day 
 that such encumbrance, encroachment or obstruction shall remain 
 
330 
 
 ORDINANCES OF Til K CiTV OF NEW YORK. 
 
 after notice a> aforesaid. In case any such encumbrance, encroach^ 
 menf or obstruction shall not have been removed within a reasonable 
 time alter notice as aforesaid, it shall be the duty of the Borough 
 President to cause the same to be removed at the expense of the 
 owner or occupant of the estate in question. An}' person who shall, 
 after notice and removal as aforesaid, replace or renew, or cause to 
 be replaced or renewed, an>' such of similar encumbrance, encroach- 
 ment or obstruction upon any sidewalk, road, avenue or street within 
 the limns of that section of The City of Xew York formerly known 
 as the Village of Xew Brighton shall be liable to a line of $•"> for each 
 and every such offense. Xo rail or post placed on the outer edge of 
 the sidewalk and not interfering with or impeding the free passage 
 of the whole width of such sidewalk or any crosswalk, shall be held 
 to be an obstruction. 
 
 Sec, 6. Any person who shall injure, take up or displace any 
 pavement, side or cross walk, drain or sewer, or any part thereof, 
 or who shall dig any hole or ditch, or drain in any street, pave-* 
 ments or sidewalks, without authority from the President of the 
 Borough, or who shall hinder or obstruct the making or repairing 
 of any pavement, side or cross walk, which is or may be making 
 under the authority of the Borough President, or who shall hinder 
 or obstruct any person employed by The City of New York in 
 making or repairing any public improvement or work ordered by 
 The City of New York, shall, for every offense, forfeit and pay a 
 fine of not less than $5 nor more than $50, in the discretion of the 
 magistrate convicting. 
 
 Sec. 7. It shall not be lawful for any gas company or for any 
 person to la'y any gas main or other pipe, in any road, avenue, street 
 or public place in that section of The City of Xew York formerly 
 known as the Village of Xew Brighton, or to break up or disturb 
 tli. ground for such or any purpose, unless previously authorized by 
 the ! 'resident of the Borough, or otherwise than in conformity with 
 tlie conditions prescribed, and subject to any restrictions expressed 
 or imposed in and by any such resolution, under th„e penalty of $30 
 for each offense, and a further penalty of $10 for each and every day 
 any company or person shall neglect or omit to comply in all re- 
 spects with the requirements of any order of the Borough President 
 forbidding the prosecution of such work requiring the removal from 
 such road, avenue, street or public place, of any main, pipe or other 
 encumbrance placed or caused to be placed thereon by such com- 
 pany or person, the filling up of any trench dug for the purpose of 
 laying any main or pipes, and the restoring of the ground and pave- 
 ment of any such road, avenue, street or public place to the like order 
 and condition the same was in immediately prior to the causing the 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 same to be disturbed, and in case of the refusel or neglect to comply 
 with all the requirements of any such last mentioned resolution, with- 
 in the time specified after the service of a copy or of a notice upon 
 the president or secretary of the company, or upon any person doing 
 such work, the President of the Borough may. at any time thereafter, 
 cause all or any part of such work to be done at the expense of said 
 person or persons, who shall he liable therefor to The City of New 
 York for all expenses which the} - , the Trustees, may incur in said 
 company's behalf, together with such aforesaid penalties, to be recov- 
 ered with costs of suit. 
 
 Sec. 8. It shall be obligatory upon such company or person when 
 laying any main or service, or other pipe, or establishing any lamp- 
 post in any road, avenue, street or public place in that section of 
 The City of Xew York formerly known as the Village of Xew Brigh- 
 ton, to perform all such work carefully, workmanlike and substantial- 
 ly disturbing the ground and the pavement, curb, gutter and flagging, 
 if any. no further than may be actually necessary for the careful per- 
 formance of any such work; to guard, as far as practicable, against 
 the future settling of the ground, pavement, curb, gutter or flagging 
 above any such main, service or other pipe, or around such lamp- 
 post, or reciting from the digging of the trench thereof, by filling 
 in. around and above such main or service pipe, and around such 
 lamp-post, the earth dug from any such trench, compactly and firmly, 
 J:o repair all damage which may be caused to any such road, avenue, 
 street or public place, or to any pavement, curb, gutter or flagging, 
 by the laying of such main or service pipe or the establishing such 
 lamp-post, and to restore the same respectively to as good order and 
 condition as the same were in immediately prior to their commenc- 
 ing any such work; to cause all such work to be performed with all 
 reasonable despatch, and in such manner as not unnecessarily to in- 
 commode the neighborhood or the public and to promptly conform 
 to all such directions as the President of the Borough may from 
 time to time give in their behalf, under the penalty of $10 for every 
 omission, neglect, refusal or delay; and in a case of any such omis- 
 sion, neglect, refusal or delay, it shall be lawful for the President of 
 the Borough to cause any such work to be done at the expense of 
 said company or persons liable therfor to The City of Xew York for 
 all expen>e> which they may thereby incur, as well as such aforesaid 
 penalties specified in this section, to be recovered with costs of suit 
 against such company. 
 
 Sec. <). If any person or persons shall wilfully and maliciously 
 injure, damage or disturb any main, service or other pipe, heretofore 
 or which may hereafter be laid by any gas company or persons in 
 that section of The City of Xew York formerly known as the Vil- 
 lage of Xew Brighton, for the purpose of supplying the same, or the 
 
338 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 inhabitants thereof, or any part or portion thereof with gas, water 
 or drainage, such person or persons shall severally forfeit and pay to 
 The City of New York the sum of $:>0 for every such offense, to he 
 recovered with costs of suit, and the imposing, recovery or payment 
 of such penalty or penalties shall not, in any wise, impair or inter- 
 fere with any claim of such company or person, against any per- 
 son or persons guilty of any such act. for any damages which said 
 company or persons may sustain therefrom. 
 
 Sec. 10. Any person who shall place or cause to be placed in any 
 of the streets, alleys or public squares in that section of The City of 
 Xew York formerly known as the Village of New Brighton, any 
 building materials, or any heap or pile of earth, stone or sand, or any 
 obstruction whatever, or who shall make, or cause to be made, any 
 excavation in any said street, alley or square, shall, during every night 
 that the same shall continue, cause such excavation to be surrounded 
 by a good and sufficient barrier, and a sufficient light or lights to be 
 maintained near such obstruction or excavation, for the protection of 
 travelers and passengers from damage or injury by the reason of such 
 obstruction or excavation, under a penalty of $25 for each of- 
 fense, and the like penalty for every night during which the same 
 shall be continued. 
 
 CHAPTER 2— PUBLIC SAFETY AND ORDER. 
 Article 1 — Nuisances. 
 
 Sec. 11. Any person or persons who shall make. aid. countenance 
 or assist in making any improper noise, riot or disturbance in the 
 streets or elsewhere in that section of The City of New York formerly 
 known as the Village of Xew Brighton and all persons who shall col- 
 lect in bodies and crowds in that section of The City of New York 
 formerly known as the Village of New Brighton for unlawful or idle 
 purposes, to the annoyance or disturbance of the citizens or travelers, 
 shall, for each offense, forfeit and pay a line of not less than Si. nor 
 exceeding $50, in the discretion of the Magistrate convicting. 
 
 Sec. 12. No person shall wilfully tear down or deface any notice, 
 handbill or ordinance posted up in the former Village of New Brigh- 
 ton, under a penalty of $10. 
 
 Sec. 13. Bathing in any of the waters within the limits of that 
 section' of The City of New York formerly known as the Village of 
 New Brighton, or adjacent thereto, between the hours of 7 o'clock 
 in the morning and 8 o'clock in the evening, unless in a suitable bath- 
 ing dress or covering, consisting of a shirt and drawers, is hereby 
 prohibited, and any person violating this ordinance shall pay not less 
 than $2 nor more than $5 for every Mich offense. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 PART XIII. 
 
 ORDINANCES RELATING TO THAT SECTION OF THE CITY 
 OF NEW YORK FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE VILLAGE 
 OF EDGEWATER. 
 
 C 1 1 ATT E R 1 — RA 1 LR O ADS. 
 Article 1 — Blocking Street Crossings and Warning Signals. 
 
 Section 1. No railroad company or incorporation whose track 
 passes through or within the limits of that section of The City of 
 New York formerly known as the Village; of Edgewater. either by 
 themselves, their agent or agents, person or persons in the employ 
 of said company, shall suffer or permit any train of cars to stop on or 
 across any street, lane or highway in that section of New York City 
 formerly known as the Village of Edgewater, or suffer or permit 
 an}- detached car or cars to stand on or across any such street, lane 
 or highway, under the penalty of $25 for each offense. 
 
 Sec. 2. Every railroad company or corporation whose track 
 passes through or within the limits of that section of The City of 
 Xew York formerly known as the Village of Edgewater. shall em- 
 ploy a person or persons to give notice of the approach of any cars 
 or locomotive engines" by ringing a bell at said crossing and closing 
 a swinging bar across said street where said track crosses, and also 
 by erecting a sign over said crossing, notifying persons of the danger 
 of crossing the track, under a penalty of $20 for each day such pre- 
 cautions are omitted. 
 
 PART XIV. 
 
 ORDINANCES GENERALLY AFFECTING THE BOROUGH 
 OF RICHMOND. 
 
 CHAPTER I— STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. 
 Article 1 — Openings of Streets and Sewers. 
 
 Section 1. Xo person or corporation shall open or excavate any 
 highway or place any encumbrance thereupon, or open any public 
 sewer or private sewer leading into a public sewer or any private 
 sewer in a public street, or cause any of the above acts to be per- 
 formed in the Borough of Richmond without a permit issued by the 
 President of the Borough of his duly authorized representative. 
 
 Sec. Application for Permit— Application for such permit must 
 be made in writing to the President of the Borough, upon blank 
 
340 ORDINANCES OF T!!K CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 forms to be furnished by him. such form of application to contain a 
 diagram of the location affected, with the dimensions of street sur- 
 face to be disturbed. 
 
 Sec. 3. Time — Work must be begun within twenty-four (24) 
 hours from the time of issuance of the permit, and be prosecuted 
 without unnecessary delay to completion. 
 
 Sec. 4. Refilling Trenches — Excavations in public street- shall be 
 refilled by the party by whom such excavation was made, but only 
 under the supervision and at all times in the presence of a City In- 
 spector especially assigned to the work by the Superintendent of 
 Highways, whose duty shall be to see that each and every part of the 
 idling shall be placed and thoroughly rammed in layers of not more 
 than eight (8) inches in depth up to the level of the bottom of the 
 street pavement. The said pavement shall be loosely and temporarily 
 replaced by the part)' by whom the excavation has been made, but 
 in such manner as in the opinion of the City Inspector .-hall be safe 
 for travel. 
 
 Sec. 5. Guarding — Any trench or opening or encumbrance upon 
 the highway shall at all times be properly guarded for the prevention 
 of accidents, and be properly lighted at night. 
 
 Sec. 6. Rock Refills — Wherever rock is excavated not more than 
 one of the total excavation shall be refilled with the broken -tone, 
 which must be in small pieces, and replaced in Such manner, mingling 
 with clean earth or sand, as to insure the thorough and compact filling 
 of all spaces. 
 
 Sec. 7. Tunnelling — Tunnelling under crosswalks and railroad 
 tracks will not be allowed at any time. The bridge stones forming 
 such crosswalks must be removed and placed out of the way of street 
 traffic, being carefully relaid and thoroughly imbedded when the work- 
 is completed. 
 
 Sec. 8. Extent of Street Opening — At the intersectioiT of cross 
 streets not more than one-half of the width of the street shall be 
 opened at one time; the other half shall remain untouched for the ac- 
 commodation of traffic until the first half is restored for safe use. 
 
 Sec. 9. Access to Hydrants and Mail Boxes — All work shall be 
 so prosecuted as not to interfere with easy access to fire hydrant- and 
 United States mail boxes. 
 
 Sec. 10. Pavement Restored by City — The full restoration of the 
 pavement shall in all cases be made by employees of the Bureau of 
 Highways or persons having contracts with the City, affecting said 
 pavement, which make it their duty to restore the same. 
 
 Sec. 11. Inspection Fee for Back Filling of Trenches — The fee 
 for the inspection of the back filling of any trench in a City street or 
 highway shall be as follows: 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 341 
 
 For trenches not more than four (4) feet in depth, or more 
 
 than thirty (80) feet in length $2 00> 
 
 For trenches over four (4) feet and under nine (9) feet in 
 
 depth and not more than thirty (30) feet in length . 00 
 
 For trenches over nine (9) feet and under sixteen (16) feet 
 
 in depth nor more than thirty (30) feet in length 4 0(> 
 
 For trenches of greater dimensions than the foregoing, 
 special charge. 
 
 Sec. 12. Sewer Inspection and Fee — Every sewer connection 
 shall be made under the supervision of a City Inspector of Sewer 
 Connections. 
 
 The fee for Mich inspection will be $3, which shall be deposited 
 with the Department of Finance and credited to a special fund en- 
 titled "Sewer Inspection and Repair, Borough of Richmond." 
 
 Sec. 13. Fees, Restoration of Pavements — Fees for the restora- 
 tion of pavement shall be as follows, for areas less than ten I 10) 
 
 square yards: 
 
 For restoring granite or other blocks or bricks on concrete 
 
 foundation, per square yard $2 50 
 
 For restoring granite or other blocks or brick on sand 
 
 foundation, per square yard 1 00 
 
 For sheet asphalt on concrete foundation, per square yard.. 3 00) 
 
 For macadam, per square yard SO 
 
 For areas in excess of ten (10) square yards, special, as may be 
 determined by the President of the Borough or his representative. 
 
 Sec. 14. Computing Area of Work — The area of surface 
 repaved shall, in all cases, be computed by the President of the 
 ough or -his representative, from the diagram in the application, as 
 verified or corrected by comparison with the maps and records 
 file. 
 
 Sec. 15. Uses of Moneys Paid — All fees for inspection and for 
 restoration of pavements must be paid by the applicant in cash tp i 
 the issuing of the permit, and a receipt shall be given therefor. Regu- 
 lar return of the money shall be made to the Comptroller of The City 
 of New York, who shall credit it to the special fund for "Rest, ring 
 and Repaying Streets in the Borough of Richmond." 
 
 Sec. 16. Special Uses of Streets and Charges — For special uses 
 of the streets, permits may be issued and the President of the Bor- 
 ough or his representative ma}- require therefor as security. dep< sits 
 such sum or sums as may seem to him fair and just such mom; - 
 be deposited with Finance Department, to be drawn upon by the 
 Comptroller upon order of the President of the Borough after proper 
 completion of the work, payable to the party taking out the original 
 
342 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 permit, either in full or to the amount of such balance as may be 
 left, if it shall be found necessary to use said deposit for purpose of 
 repairing damages. In the latter event the amount retained shall 
 Ik credited to the fund drawn upon for making the repairs. 
 
 In general. Mich deposits shall be similar to the following: No 
 permit shall be given for over ninety (00) days without formal ex- 
 tension. 
 
 Placing building material on highway $."> 00 
 
 .Moving one ( 1 ) story building over highway 10 00 
 
 Moving building larger than one (1) story over highway 2"> 00 
 
 Moving steam roller over highway 2~> 00 
 
 See. 17. Consent of Corporation.- — The applicant for a oermit to 
 move a building on or across Streets where there are car tracks or 
 overhead wire construction must obtain and hie with the application 
 "the consent of the company affected. 
 
 Sec. is. Gutters Clear — Storage of building or other material on 
 •the streets will only be permitted on express condition that the gut- 
 ters to the full width of three (3) feet shall be kept absolutely clear 
 --and free for the passage of water; such storage shall he limited to 
 the frontage of the property mentioned in the application and to one- 
 third of the width of the street. 
 
 Sec. 10. Sidewalks Protected — where any heavy teaming i> neces- 
 sary across sidewalks, either the flagstones shall be removed and a 
 -clean dry walk maintained, or the crossing shall be so thoroughly pro- 
 tected with heavy planking as to prevent injury thereto and present 
 no obstruction to the safe use of the same by pedestrians. 
 
 Sec. 2<). Non-interference with Traffic, etc. — Ail work to be done 
 must be carried on in such manner as not to unnecessarily interrupt 
 business on the street-, or in any way interfere with existing sewers, 
 piping, subways; tracks or other public conveniences or utilities al- 
 ready laid under authority. 
 
 Sec. 2\. Snow Removal — The person or corporation to whom a 
 permit for street opening is granted must remo\ e within twenty-foul 
 hours all snow and ice that ma}' fall or form upon the street within 
 feet upon either side of the opening and keep the space free from 
 .snow and ice until the opening is properly refilled. 
 
 Sec. 22. Competent Men — All work must be carried out by men 
 -competent and skilled in their respective duties, and full compliance 
 must be given to all laws affecting the work or the employment of 
 labor. 
 
 Sec. 2'.',. Penalties — Failure to comply with any of the conditions 
 of this ordinance by any person or corporation, or failure to perform 
 any of the above acts in the manner prescribed and directed by the 
 .President of the Borough, or his Inspectors or other duly appointed 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 345 
 
 agents, will be punishable by the revocation of the permit for such- 
 work, the refusal to issue further permits to the offending party for* 
 any purpose whatever for a period not exceeding six months, or for- 
 feiture of the temporary security deposits, or any or all of these pen- 
 alties. 
 
 Article 2 — Widths of Sidewalks. 
 
 Sec. 24. In carrying out street improvements in the Borough <>jF 
 Richmond, where the regulation of sidewalks and curbing is affected,, 
 in all new streets and in old ones, where possible, unless serious diffi- 
 culties interfere, to be then determined by the President of tti< Bor- 
 ough. the sidewalks between street lines and curbs shall be of widths- 
 as follows: 
 
 A — Where street is less than forty (40) feet wide— to be 
 
 determined by the President of the Borough, as 
 each special case may require Special 
 
 B — Where street is fort}- (40) feet wide and less than fifty 
 
 (50) 10 feet 
 
 C — Where street is fifty (50) feet wide and less than sixty 
 
 (60) 12V 2 feet 
 
 D — Where street is sixty (60) feet wide and less than seven- 
 ty (70) 15 feet 
 
 E — Where street is seventy (70) feet wide and less than 
 
 eighty (80) 1TV 2 feetr 
 
 F — Where street is eighty (80) feet wide and less than one 
 
 hundred (100) 20 feet 
 
 G — Where street is one hundred (100) feet wide and over. 25 feet 
 
 Sec. 25. For all new sidewalk pavement the footway shall be- 
 not less than live (5) feet in width, with either flagstones or artificial 
 stone, in full accordance with or better than called for in the standard! 
 specifications for this work, on file in the office of the Presiden: of tin- 
 Borough of Richmond. 
 
 Sec. 26. All sidewalks shall be laid on a grade rising from top o£ 
 the curb, one-half (1-2) of an inch to each foot, where only one five 
 (5) foot width of pavement is laid: and of one-third (1-3) of an inch 
 where the whole sidewalk width is to be paved. 
 
 PART XV. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ORDINANCES AFFECTING THE BOR- 
 OUGHS OF QUEENS, RICHMOND AND THE BRONX. 
 
 C 1 1 A PT ER 1— Ml SCELLANEOUS. 
 Article 1 — Publication of Session Laws in the Boroughs of Queens 
 
 and Richmond. 
 
 Section 1. The compensation for publication of the Session Laws 
 
ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 in the Counties of Queens and Richmond is herein fixed at the rate 
 of 50 cents per folio. 
 
 Article 2 — Fees for Certain Sewer Connections in the Borough of 
 
 The Bronx. 
 
 Sec. 2. All plumbing contractors performing work on any muni- 
 cipal or public buildings in the Borough of the Bronx, in The City 
 of Xew York, shall be exempt from charge of lees by the Borough 
 President or Commissioner of Public Works for connecting into any 
 public sewer or sewers in any street, alley, or highway, except a 
 nominal charge of $10 for each such municipal or public building 
 owned by The City of Xew York, provided, however, that this resolu- 
 tion shall not affect any existing contract. 
 
 PART XVI. 
 Penalty for Violations. 
 
 \\ herever in the foregoing ordinances no specific penalty is pro- 
 vided tor the violation of any such ordinance, the penalty for the vio- 
 lation thereof shall be the sum of ten dollars ($10). 
 IN" THE BOARD OF ALDERMEN: 
 
 An Ordinance to amend section 449 of the City Ordinances 
 adopted October 30; 1906, and approved November 8, 1906, relat- 
 ing to the Rules of the Road. 
 
 Be it Ordained, by the Board of Aldermen of The City of 
 Xew York as follows: 
 
 Sec. 1. Sec. 4-19 of the City Ordinance adopted October iJO. 190(1, 
 •ami approved November s. 1906, is hereby amended so as to read as 
 follows : 
 
 Sec. 449. Right of W ay of Certain Vehicles— The Officers and 
 men of the Fife Department and Fire Patrol, with their tire apparatus 
 of all kinds, when going to. or on duty at, or returning from a fire, 
 -and all ambulances, whether of public or private character, and all 
 other vehicles when employed in carrying sick or injured persons to 
 hospitals or other places for relief or treatment, and the Officers and 
 men and vehicles of the Police Department, and all physicians who 
 have a Police permit (as hereinafter provided), shall have the right 
 of way in anj' street and through any procession, except over vehicles 
 carrying the United States mail. The Police Department is hereby 
 empowered to issue, upon application therefor, a permit for such 
 -right of way to any duly registered physician, which permit shall not 
 l>e transferable. 
 
 Sec. :J. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. December 4. 1906, a ma- 
 jority of all the members elected voting in favor thereof. 
 Approved by the Mayor, December 11. 1906. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 4S 
 
 AMENDMENTS TO CODE 
 
 FROM JANUARY /. 1906 TO JANUARY 1, 1908 
 
 In relation to vehicular traffic on the Ocean parkway, m the 
 Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 Section 1. Hereafter it shall be unlawful to drive any vehicle 
 oVer the easterly side road or bridle road of the Ocean parkway, 
 between Prospect Park and the Cone}' Island Concourse, except as 
 it may be necessary to cart or convey supplies to the residences 
 along s?.id easterly side road, or in case of buildings being erected 
 fronting on said side road, when it shall be lawful to cart building 
 materials thereon. In all cases, however, vehicles must enter said 
 side road from the street nearest to said residence or house in course 
 of construction, and must leave the same at the next following in- 
 tersecting street. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any person who violates the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance shall be liable to a penalty of $5 for each and every offense. 
 
 Sec. 3. All ordinances or parts of ordinances of the municipal 
 and public corporations consolidated into The City of Xew York 
 inconsistent or conflicting with the provisions of this ordinance are 
 hereby repealed. 
 
 .Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, February 14, 1906. 
 
 Received from his Honor the Mayor, February 28, 1906, with- 
 out his approval or disapproval. 
 
 No. 162. 
 
 Whereas, By ordinances heretofore adopted by the Board of 
 Aldermen of The City of New York, the use of certain parkways 
 in said City by business vehicles has been regulated; and 
 
 Whereas, By chapter 494 of the Laws of 1905. West End avenue, 
 north of Seventieth street, in the Borough of Manhattan, in said 
 City of Xew York, was placed under the jurisdiction and control 
 of the Department of Parks of The City of Xew York, and made 
 a parkway, and it is desirable that the said rules regulating the u^e 
 of parkways be extended to the said West End avenue. 
 
 Xow therefore be it ordained, that the delivery of supplies to 
 the residents of West End avenue, north of Seventieth street, in 
 the Borough of Manhattan, in The City of Xew York, will be per- 
 mitted in the forenoon: but no business vehicle shall enter upon or 
 pass over said parkway after the hour of noon, except by special 
 
346 ORDIXAXCKS OK THK CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 permission of the Commissioner having jurisdiction. Tn passing over 
 the. said parkway, business vehicles must go direct to place of de- 
 livery, must leave the said parkway without unnecessary delay and 
 "by the shortest route — the place of entry, if possible. Said park- 
 ways must not be used to enable business vehicles to reach places 
 -exterior to them. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. March 6, 1906. 
 
 Received from his Honor, the Mayor. March 20. 1006. with- 
 out his approval or disapproval. 
 
 No. 180. 
 
 Governing sidewalk widths in the Borough of Queens. 
 
 Section 1. In carrying out street improvements in the Borough 
 of Queens, where the regulation of sidewalks and curbing is affected 
 in all new .streets and in old ones, where possible, unless serious 
 difficulties interfere, to be then determined by the President of the 
 borough, the sidewalks between street lines and curbs shall be of 
 widths as follows: 
 
 A — Where street is less than fort}' (40) feet wide, to be de- 
 termined by the President of the Borough, as each special case may 
 require, special. 
 
 B — Where street is forty (40) feet wide and less than fifty (50). 
 
 10 feet. 
 
 C — Where street is fifty (50) feet wide and less than sixty (60), 
 12.5 feet. 
 
 D — Where street is sixty (60) feet wide and less than seventy 
 <70). 15 feet. _ < 
 
 E — Where street is seventy (70) feet wide and less than eighty 
 <8o), 17.5 ^et. 
 
 Where street is eighty (80) feet wide and less than one hundred 
 
 <ioo), 20 feet. 
 
 G — Where street is one hundred (100) feet wide and over, to 
 be determined by the President of the Borough as each special case 
 may require, special. 
 
 Sec. 2. For all new sidewalk pavement, the footway shall be 
 not less than five (5) feet in width, with either flagstone or artificial 
 stone, in full accordance with or better than called for in the standard 
 specification for this work, on file in the office of the President of 
 the Borough of Queens. 
 
 Sec. 3. All sidewalks shall be laid on a grade rising from top 
 of the curb, one-half of an inch to each foot, where only one 
 
 five (5) foot width of pavement is laid; and of one-third (1-3) of an 
 inch where the whole sidewalk width is to be paved. 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF \K\V YORK. 347 
 
 Sec. 4. All ordinances, or parts thereof, now in effect con- 
 flicting with these, arc hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 5. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. March jo, 1006. 
 Approved by the Mayor, March 27, 1006. 
 
 No. 238. 
 
 Governing connections with sewers, certain uses of the public 
 streets, and the making of openings in pavements and the restora- 
 tion thereof in the Borough of Richmond. 
 
 Section 1. Section 13 of an ordinance governing connections 
 with sewers, certain uses of the public streets, and the making of 
 openings in pavements and the restoration thereof in the Borough 
 of Richmond, approved July 27, 1903, is hereby amended so as to> 
 read as follows: 
 
 Section 13. Fees, restoration of pavements. 
 
 Fees for the restoration of pavement shall be as follows, for 
 areas less than ten (10) square yards: 
 
 For restoring granite or other blocks or brick oil concrete 
 
 foundation, per square yard $3 00 
 
 For restoring granite or other blocks or brick on sand' 
 
 foundation, per square yard 1 00 
 
 For sheet asphalt on concrete foundation, per s< [iiare yard.. 3 oo> 
 For macadam, per square yard 80 
 
 For areas in excess of ten (10) square yards, special, as may bo 
 determined by the President of the Borough or his representative^ 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, April 10. 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, April 17. 1906. 
 
 No. 239. 
 
 Extending the application of sections 312, 313 and 314 of the 
 Revised Ordinances of 1897 to all the boroughs of The City of 
 New York. 
 
 Section 1. Sections 312, 313 and 314 of the Revised Ordinances 
 of The City of New York are hereby re-enacted and made applicable 
 to all of the boroughs of The City of New York in all reaped > 
 save that covered by section 2 of this ordinance. 
 
 Sec. 2. Section 313 of the Revised Ordinances is hereby amended 
 by striking out the words "the Commissioner of Public Works .,t. 
 tlie end of the first sentence thereof and by inserting in lieu thereof 
 the following words, viz.: "the President of the Borough in which 
 the work is to be done." 
 
348 ORDINANCES OK THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Bee. 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, April 10, 1906. 
 Approved by the Mayor. April 17, 1906. 
 
 No. 286. 
 
 Amending section 14 of Article I. of "An Ordinance in Relation to 
 the Rules of the Road." 
 
 Section 1. Section 14 of Article I. of "An Ordinance in Re- 
 lation to the Rules of the Road," approved and signed by the Mayor 
 "December 14. 1903, is hereby further amended so as to read as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Sec. 14. Surface Cars Taking On or Discharging Passengers — ■ 
 Surface cars shall stop on the far side of the street at the cross- 
 walk to discharge or take on passengers, excepting that the surface 
 cars operated on Eighth avenue, in the Borough of Manhattan, shall 
 stop both on the near and far side of the street at the intersection 
 of West One Hundred and Thirty-fifth street with said avenue. 
 
 S \ -\ This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, April 17, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, April 27, 1906. 
 
 Xo. 291. 
 
 Amending section 721 of the Revised Ordinances of The City of 
 New York of 1897, relating to the use of firearms. 
 
 Section 1. Section 721 of the Revised Ordinances of the City 
 of Xew York of 1897, relating to the firing of firearms, hereby is 
 amended so as to read as follows: 
 
 Sec. 72J. No person shall fire off or discharge any gun, pistol, 
 fowling piece or other firearm in The City of Xew York, under a 
 penalty of ten dollars for each offense. The provisions of this sec- 
 tion shall not apply to Washington Park, Hamilton Park, Bender's 
 Schutzen Park. Bellevue Garden, Harlem River Park, Christ's Park, 
 Kuntz's Elm Park, National Park, Karl Park. Hudson River Park, 
 Brien's I ndercliff Park, High Bridge; the dock at the foot of One 
 Hundred and Fifty-fifth street. North river; the land lying between 
 One Hundred and Sixty-eighth street, the Hudson river, One Hun- 
 dred and Seventy-second street and the Kingsbridge road, while 
 said property is used for the purpose of a rifle range by the Fort 
 Washington Rifle Club, and no longer: Manhattan Park, situated in 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth street, two hundred feet west of Eighth 
 avenue; Cosmopolitan Park, located on One Hundred and Sixty- 
 ninth street and Tenth avenue, near High Bridge; Zeltner's Park, 
 located at the northeast corner of Third avenue and One Hundred 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 349 
 
 and Seventieth street; St. Nicholas Park, located on One Hundred 
 and Fifty-fifth street, between Eighth and Columbus avenues; Fort 
 George Park, located on Amsterdam avenue, west side, between One 
 Hundred and Ninety-fourth and One Hundred and Ninety-seventh 
 streets; Rifle Range, located on the east side of Amsterdam avenue 
 between One Hundred and Eighty-seventh and One Hundred and 
 Eighty-eighth streets; Manhattan Field, on Eighth avenue, from 
 One Hundred and Fifty-fifth to One Hundred and Fifty-seventh 
 street-: the premises of Tony Eiser, on the northeast corner of One 
 Hundred and Eighty-fifth street and Amsterdam avenue; the Berke- 
 ley Oval, on Burn side avenue, between Sedgwick avenue and Ma- 
 comb's Dam road: the premises of Henry Martens, No. 1151 Sreb- 
 bins avenue, known as Pioneer Park; the premises of Theobald Noll 
 (Morrisania Schuetzen Park), No. 1390 Boston avenue; the premises 
 of Morris Dietsch, situated on the East River, adjoining the premises 
 of the Oak Point Yacht Club, in the Twenty-third Ward; the grounds 
 of the Columbia College Gun Club at Williamsbridge ; the premises 
 of the Washington Heights Club, One Hundred and Fifty-second 
 street and Amsterdam avenue; the premises of the Country Club 
 of Westchester County, situated on Eastchester Bay, in the late 
 T<»wn of Westchester, now New York City; the grounds of Mrs. 
 M. W. Ditmar, in Bay Chester; the grounds of the Kingsbridge Gun 
 Club; the premises at the corner of Willow avenue and One Hun- 
 dred and Twenty-ninth street, in The City of New York; the grounds 
 of the Melrose Shooting Club, at the end of Beretto's Point; the 
 grounds of Frank Strassburg. Broadway and Myers road, Van Cort- 
 landt. New York City; the premises of Frederick Lohbauer, known 
 as Bay View Park, Pelham Bay, Throgg's Neck, Westchester, in 
 The City of New York; the premises known as Nunley's Railroad 
 Hotel and Casino, on Seaside Boulevard, South Beach, Staten Island; 
 the premises of David Crabb. Linoleumville, Staten Island; Madison 
 Square Garden, New York City; the grounds occupied by the Transit 
 Rod and Gun Club, located near Lafayette avenue and the Bronx 
 river; the premises known as Manhattan Casino Park, situate on the 
 north side of One Hundred and Fifty-fourth street, between Eighth 
 avenue and Central avenue, in the Borough of Manhattan; the 
 premises of the Craig Lea Rod and Gun Club, Pelham Bay, Bronx 
 Borough; grounds Fox Hills Gun Club, Vanderbilt avenue. Clifton, 
 Fourth Ward, Richmond Borough; the grounds occupied by James 
 A. !!enderson, on the westerly side of Pelham Bay, fifteen hundred 
 feet southerly of the New Road Dock; the grounds of D. J. Mac- 
 Leod, known as Greenfield Park, on Coney Island avenue and Ave- 
 nue L, in the Thirty-first Ward, in the Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 Sec. 2. The provisions of this ordinance permitting the dis- 
 charge ui firearms on certain grounds and places shall apply with 
 
 1 
 
350 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW York. 
 
 equal t*<»rco to all the grounds and places named in section 1 hereof, 
 in whatsoever borough situated. 
 
 Sec. 3! All ordinances »>r parts of ordinances inconsistent with 
 the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. April J4. 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor. May i, njo6. 
 
 No. 314. 
 
 Amending section 105 of the Ordinance of The City of New York, 
 known as the Building Code. 
 
 Section I. Section 105 of the ordinance known as the Building 
 Code is hereby amended so as to read as follows: 
 
 Every building hereafter erected or altered, to be used as a 
 hotel, lodging house, school, theatre, jail, police station, hospital, 
 asylum, institution for the care or treatment of persons, the height 
 of which exceeds thirty-six feet six inches, excepting all buildings 
 for which specifications and plans have been heretofore submitted 
 to and approved by the Departmenl of Buildings, and every other 
 building the height of which exceeds seventy-five feet, except as 
 herein otherwise provided, shall be built fireproof; that is to say — ■ 
 
 They shall be constructed with walls of brick, stone. Portland 
 cement concrete, iron or steel, in which wood beams or lintels shall 
 not be placed, and in which the floors and roofs shall be of materials 
 provided for in .section 106 of this Code. 
 
 The stairs and staircase landing shall be built entirely of brick, 
 Stone, Portland cement concrete, iron <>r steel. 
 
 No woodwork or other inflammable material shall be used in 
 any of the partitions, furrings or ceilings in any such fireproof 
 buildings, excepting, however, that when the height of the buildings 
 does not exceed twelve stories nor more than one hundred and fifty 
 feet, the doors and window- and their frames, the trims, the casings, 
 the interior finish when filled solid at the back with fireproof ma- 
 terial, and the tloor boards and sleeper- directly thereunder, may 
 be of wood, but the space between the sleepers shall be solidly filled 
 with fireproof materials and extend up to the under side of the floor 
 boards. 
 
 When the height of a fireproof building exceeds twelve stories, or 
 more than one hundred and fifty feet, the floor surfaces shall be of 
 stone, cement, rock asphalt, tiling or similar incombustible material, 
 or the sleepers and floors may be of wood treated by some process 
 approved by the Board of Buildings, to render the same fireproof. 
 All outside window frames and sash shall be of metal, or of wood 
 covered with metal, the inside window frames and sash, doors, trim 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 351 
 
 and other interior finish may be of wood covered with metal, or 
 of wood treated by some process approved by the Board of Build- 
 ings to render the same fireproof. 
 
 All hall partitions or permanent partitions between rooms in fire- 
 proof buildings shall be built of fireproof material and shall not be 
 started on wood sills, nor on wooden floor boards, but be built upon 
 the fireproof construction of the floor and extend to the fireproof 
 beam tilling above. 
 
 The tops of all door and window openings in such partitions shall 
 be at least twelve inches below the ceiling line. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. May I, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, May 8, 1906. 
 
 No. 330. 
 
 In relation to the Discharge of inflammable or explosive gas or vapor 
 into sewers or drains, either public or private, in The City of 
 New York. 
 
 Section 1. No connection with or opening into any sewer or 
 drain in The City of New York, either public or private, shall be 
 used for the conveyance or discharge, directly or indirectly, into 
 said sewer or drain, of any volatile inflammable liquid, gas or vapor, 
 it being noted that a volatile inflammable liquid that will emit an 
 inflammable vapor at a temperature below one hundred and sixty 
 degrees Fahrenheit. 
 
 Sec .2. Every owner rind occupant, severally and respectively, 
 of any premises which may be connected with a sewer or drain, 
 either public or private, who shall violate any of the provisions of 
 this ordinance, shall be subject to a penalty of fifty dollars ($50) 
 for each and every offense. 
 
 Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, May 1, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, May 9. 1906. 
 
 No. 372. 
 
 Amending an ordinance relating to the use of firearms. 
 
 Section 1. The ordinance relating to the firing of firearms which 
 was adopted April 24, 1906. and approved May 1. 1906, is hereby 
 amended by adding to the end of section 1 thereof, the following 
 words: "The grounds of the Aquehonga Gun Club, situated on the 
 northerly side of the Mill road, about five hundred feet westerly from 
 the \mboy road, Richmond Valley, Borough of Richmond." 
 
352 ORDINANCES OF Vfi% CITY OF NEW York. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermeiv, May 15. 1906. 
 Approved by the Mayor, May 22, 1906. 
 
 No. 430. 
 
 Section 143, Part XXVII. of the "Building Code," relating to fire 
 
 limits. 
 
 Section 1. Section 143, Part XXVII., of the Building Code, re- 
 lating to lire limits, so far as the same applies to the hirst Ward, 
 Borough of Queens, is hereby amended so as to read as follows: 
 
 On the north by a line one hundred t 100) feet north of the north- 
 erly >ide of Nott avenue to a point one hundred (100) feci southeast 
 of the southeasterly side of Jackson avenue; thence southwesterly 
 along Jackson avenue one hundred ( 100) feet from the southeasterly 
 side thereof to a point ninety (90) feet east of the easterly side of Van 
 A 1st avenue; thence southerly ninety (90) feet east of the easterly 
 side of Van Alst avenue to Xewlown creek, the southerly and west- 
 erly boundaries to remain a.s now established. 
 
 Sec. 2. Ail ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent or con- 
 flicting with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 3. This ordinance shall lake effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, June 12, 1906. 
 
 Received from his Honor the Mayor, June 26, 1906, without his 
 approval or disapproval. 
 
 No. 468. 
 
 To prevent the public display of indecent pictures or prints as ad- 
 vertisements, tending to incite to acts of immorality or crime. 
 
 Section 1. Xo person shall post, paste, print, nail, maintain or 
 display upon any billboard, fence, building frame or structure, and 
 in any manner expose to public view, as an advertisement of any 
 show, play or performance, any indecent print, or any picture or cut, 
 tending to represent the doing of a criminal act. or representing in- 
 decently the limbs or any part of the human body, or the position of 
 persons in relation to each other, tending to deprave the morals of in- 
 dividuals, or shocking to the sense of decency, or tending to incite 
 the mind to acts of immorality or crime, or to familiarize and accus- 
 tom the minds of young persons with the same. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any person offending against any of the foregoing pro- 
 visions of this ordinance shall be punished by a hue of no'1 less than 
 $10 nor more than $100, or imprisonment not exceeding ten days; each 
 day such violation shall be wilfully maintained or continued shall be 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 353 
 
 deemed to constitute a separate offense and render the offender liable 
 to additional arrest and prosecution. 
 
 Sec. 3. The ordinance entitled "An ordinance to promote public 
 morality in The City of New York," adopted October 17, 1905, and 
 approved October 24. 1905. is hereby repealed. 
 
 Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen June 19. 1906. 
 
 Received from his Honor the Acting Mayor. July 2, 1906, with- 
 out his approval or disapproval. 
 
 Xo. 486. 
 
 Fixing the office hours of all public offices in The City of New York. 
 
 Section 1. Section t, of an ordinance adopted by the Board of 
 Aldermen. April 22. 1002. and approved by the Mayor April 29. 1902; 
 is hereby amended by adding thereto the words following: Provided, 
 however, that during the months of July and August all public offices 
 in The City of New York, except as otherwise provided, shall be 
 closed at 3 o'clock p. m.. except on Saturdays, when such offices shall 
 be closed at 12 o'clock noon, and further provided that the heads of 
 all departments may. when public business requires it, keep the said 
 offices open after 3 o'clock." 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, June 26, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Acting Mayor. July 3. 1906. 
 
 No. 491. 
 
 In relation to the discharge of inflammable or explosive gas or vapor 
 into sewers or drains, either public or private, in The City of New 
 
 York. 
 
 Section 1. Xo connection with or opening into any sewer or 
 drain in The City of New York, either public or private, shall be 
 used for the conveyance or discharge, directly or indirectly, into said 
 sewer or drain, of any volatile inflammable liquid, gas or vapor, it 
 being noted that a volatile inflammable liquid in any liquid that will 
 emit an inflammable vapor at a temperature below one hundred and 
 sixty degrees Fahrenheit. 
 
 Sec. 2. Every occupant of any premises which may be connected 
 with a sewer or drain, public or private, who shall use or permit or 
 allow to be used said sewer or drain for such purposes as hereinbe- 
 fore specified in section r, and every owner of any premises who shall 
 use, permit or allow the use of such sewer or drain for such purposes 
 as hereinbefore specified in section 1. and every owner of any prem- 
 ises who shall use. permit or allow' the use of such sewer or drain for 
 such purposes shall be deemed to have violated the provisions of 
 
i54 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 this ordinance and be guilty of misdemeanor, and shall be punished 
 «pon conviction thereof by a fine of fifty dollars ($50), or imprison- 
 ment for thirty (30) days. 
 
 Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, June 26, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Acting Mayor, July 6, 1906. 
 
 No. 544. 
 
 To provide for the removal of buildings into, along or across any 
 street, lane or avenue, or any public place, in the Borough of 
 The Bronx, in The City of New York. 
 
 No person shall remove, or cause or permit to be removed, or 
 shall aid or assist in removing any building into, along or across any 
 street, avenue, lane, alley or public place in the Borough of The 
 Bronx, City of New York, without permission of the President of said 
 borough under the penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars ($250) for 
 each offense. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, July 31, 1906. 
 Approved by the Acting Mayor, August 10, 1906. 
 
 No. 620. 
 
 Amending section 530 of the Revised Ordinances of the Mayor, Al- 
 dermen and Commonalty of 1897, of The City of New York. 
 
 Section 1. Section 530 of the Revised Ordinances of the Mayor, 
 Aldermen and Commonalty of The City of New York of 1897, be and 
 is hereby amended by inserting Sec. 530. No licensed peddler, ven- 
 der, hawker or huckster shall be allowed to cry his or her wares with- 
 in two hundred and fifty feet of any school, court-house, church, 
 building in which religious services are held or hospital between the 
 hours of 8 o'clock a. m. and 4 o'clock p. m. on school days; or stop 
 or remain in Nassau street, between Spruce and Wall streets; or in 
 Chambers street, between Broadway and Centre street; or in Fulton 
 street, between Broadway and Pearl street; or in Avenue A, be- 
 tween Houston and Seventh streets; Park row, from New Chambers 
 to Ann street; Centre street, from New Chambers street to Park 
 row, and Nassau street, from Park row to Ann street, from 8 o'clock 
 a. m. to 6 o'clock p. m. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, October 23, 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor, October 30, 1906. 
 
 No. 668. 
 
 Providing for the removal of buildings along and across the high- 
 ways of The City of New York. 
 
 Section 1. Section 269 of the Ordinances of The City of New 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 355 
 
 York, adopted October 30, 1906, and approved November 8, 1906, is 
 hereby amended by adding thereto at the end thereof the following: 
 
 "Such permit of the President of said Borough may be granted 
 or refused by him in his discretion. 
 
 "No person shall remove or cause or permit to be removed, or 
 shall aid or assist in removing, any building into, along or across 
 any street, avenue, lane, alley or public place in The City of New 
 York without the permit of the President of the Borough in which 
 such street, avenue, lane, alley or public place may be situated, under 
 the penalty of two hundred and fifty dollars for each offense/* 
 
 Sec. 2. This Ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen November 20. 1906. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor December 3, 1906. 
 
 No. 6S4. 
 
 Amending section 449 of the City Ordinances adopted October 30, 
 1906, and approved November 8, 1906, relating to the Rules of 
 the Road. 
 
 Section 1. Section 449 of the City Ordinances adopted October 
 30, 1906, and approved November 8, 1906, is hereby amended so as to 
 read as follows: 
 
 Sec. 449. Right of Way of Certain Vehicles — The officers and 
 men of the Fire Department and Fire Patrol, with their fire apparatus 
 of all kinds, when going to, or on duty at, or returning from a fire, 
 and all ambulances, whether of public or private character, and all 
 other vehicles when employed in carrying sick or injured persons to 
 hospitals or other places for relief or treatment, and the officers and 
 men and vehicles of the Police Department, and all physicians who 
 have a Police permit (as hereinafter provided), shall have the right of 
 way in any street and through any procession, except over vehicles 
 carrying the United States mail. The Police Department is hereby 
 empowered to issue, upon application therefor, a permit for such right 
 of way to any duly registered physician, which permit shall not be 
 transferable. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, December 4. 1906. 
 Approved by the Mawor, December 11, 1906. 
 
 No. 60. 
 
 To minimize danger to passengers boarding and alighting from 
 railroad cars on Broadway, between Fifty-ninth and Manhattan 
 streets, in the Borough of Manhattan. 
 
 Section 1. For the purpose of minimizing danger and in order 
 that passengers may more conveniently board and alight from the 
 
356 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OK \KW YORK 
 
 railroad cars operated on Broadway, between Fifty-ninth and Man- 
 hattan streei>, in the Borough of Manhattan, the railroad company, 
 or companies, operating cars on said thoroughfare shall require 
 the conductor to open the gate- on the rear end of each and every 
 car on the side nearest the parkways or small parks in the centre 
 of said Broadway. 
 
 Sec. 2. A failure on the part of the company, or companies, 
 open-ting cars on said Broadway, or on the part of the employee 
 or eiTipkiyees thereof, to comply with the provisions of this ordi- 
 nance, shall subject the company, companies or other persons so 
 offending to a penality of twenty-live dollars for each and every 
 failure so to do. 
 
 Sec. 3. All ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent or 
 conflicting with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby re- 
 pealed. 
 
 Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, February 26. 1007. 
 Received from his Honor the Mayor. March 12, 1907, without 
 his approval or disapproval. 
 
 No. 111. 
 
 Providing for the conspicuous numbering of buildings in the Borough 
 of Manhattan, City of New York. 
 
 Section 1. The owner of every building in the Borough of Man- 
 hattan, City of New York upon a street to which street numbers 
 have been assigned shall cause the streel number of the same to 
 be plainly and legibly displayed in such manner that the same may 
 be seen and read from the sidewalk in front thereof. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any person violating thi> ordinance shall be liable to 
 a penalty of $25. to be recovered in an action which shall be brought 
 by the Corporation Counsel after giving thirty days' written notice 
 to the owner of the building to comply with the ordinance. Such 
 notice shall be given by depositing the same, together with a copy 
 of this ordinance, in a postpaid wrapper in the New York Post 
 Office, addressed to the owner of the building at the building. 
 
 Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Police Department to re- 
 port to the Corporation Counsel all violations of this ordinance 
 ft >rth with. 
 
 The Corporation Counsel -hall furnish the Police Department 
 with duplicates of all notices sent to the owners of buildings, and 
 it shall be the duty of the Police Department, immediately after 
 the expiration of thirty days from the date of said notice, to re- 
 port to the Corporation Counsel each instance of non-compliance 
 with the ordinance. 
 
)&DINANCES OF THE CI TV OF NEW YORK. :*57 
 
 Sec 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. March 19, 1907. 
 Approved by the Mayor. March 27. 1907. 
 
 Regulating the placing of electric signs in The City of New York, 
 and providing that the same shall be licensed. 
 
 Section t. Any electric letter, word, model, sign, device or 
 representation in the nature of an advertisement, announcement or 
 direction erected at right angles to any building shall be deemed 
 to be an electric sign. 
 
 Sec. 2. Electric sign.- may be hung or attached at right angles 
 to buildings, and extend not to exceed six feet therefrom in said 
 space, and to be ten feet clear above the level of the sidewalk in 
 front of such building, upon the payment of an annual license fee 
 of 10 cents for each square foot of sign space or part of square foot 
 of such sign space, to be collected by the City Clerk of The City 
 of New York. The square feet of sign space on one side of an 
 electric sign, however, shall be deemed to be the entire number 
 of square feet of sign space for the purpose of computing the 
 license fee herein referred to and required to be paid. 
 
 All electric signs shall be constructed entirely of metal, in- 
 cluding the uprights, supports and braces for the same, properly 
 and firmly attached to the building, and shall be so constructed as 
 not to be or become dangerous. 
 
 Before any permit is issued by the City Clerk plans and state- 
 ments of the proposed sign and method of attachment to the build- 
 ing must be hied with the Superintendent of Buildings having juris- 
 diction, as provided in part 2, section 4. of the Building Code, and 
 his certificate of approval be obtained as to the sufficiency of the 
 construction and method of attachment to the building. . A certifi- 
 cate must also be obtained from the Department of Water Supply, 
 Gas and Electricity certifying that the proposed electric wiring 
 and electric appliances are in conformity with the rules and regu- 
 lations of that Department. 
 
 Sec. 3. Xo certificate shall be given by the Superintendent of 
 Building.-, and no permit shall be issued by the City Clerk, for the 
 erection of electric sign or signs on any building when such build- 
 ing adjoins a building occupied exclusively as a private residence., 
 unless the written consent of the owner or owners of said private 
 residence for the erection of such electric sign be first obtained. 
 
 Sec. 4. No electric sign shall be placed, hung or maintained, 
 except as in this ordinance provided, under a penalty of ten dollars 
 for each offense, and r .'urtlier penalty of ten dollars for each day 
 or part of a day the same shall continue. 
 
358 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 Sec. 5. All ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent or 
 conflicting with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. 
 Sec. 6. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. April 30. 1007. 
 Approved by the Mayor, May 7. 1907. 
 
 ^ T °- 376. 
 
 In relation to the erection of warning signs to preserve the peace 
 and quietude of persons confined in hospitals and like places in 
 The City of New York. 
 
 Section 1. The several Borough President are hereby author- 
 ized to erect, within their discretion, on lamp-posts, or, in the absence 
 of lamp-posts, on such posts as they may find occasion to erect, at 
 corners of intersecting streets, avenues or thoroughfares on which 
 may be located a hospital, lying-in asylum, sanatorium or other in- 
 stitution reserved for the treatment of the sick, a sign or signs dis- 
 playing the words "Notice — Hospital Street.*' and such other warn- 
 ing or admonition to pedestrians and drivers to refrain from making 
 any or such noises or fast driving as may tend to disturb the peace 
 and quietude of any or all of the inmates of such institution. 
 
 Sec. 2. Any person guilty of making any unnecessary noise 
 or a failure to drive at a speed not faster than a walk on any of 
 the streets, avenues- or thoroughfares which have hereunder been 
 designated as "hospital streets." and for which such warning signs 
 as described in the preceding section have been erected, shall, upon 
 conviction thereof by a City Magistrate or upon a confession of 
 guilt, be fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars ($10). and upon 
 a failure to pay such fine, to imprisonment in the City prison for 
 a term not to exceed ten days. 
 
 Sec. 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, June 25. T907. 
 
 Approved by the Mayor. July 2, 1907. 
 
 No. 620. 
 
 Regulating the matters provided for in section 1481 of the Laws oi 
 1897, as amended by chapter 46b of the Laws of 1901, known ac 
 the Greater New York Charter. 
 
 Section 1481 being one of the sections specified under the tit *e 
 '•The Second Schedule." 
 
 "Section to remain in force until changed by the Board of Al- 
 dermen." 
 
 Section 1. Tt shall not be lawful to exhibit on the first day of the 
 Week, commonly called Sunday. t<» the public, in any building, gar- 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 35» 
 
 den, grounds, concert room or other room or place within The City 
 of New York, the performance of an}- tragedy, comedy, opera, ballet, 
 farce, negro minstrelsy, negro or other dancing, wrestling, boxing 
 . with or without gloves, sparring contest, trial of strength, or any 
 part or parts therein, or any circus, equestrian or dramatic perform- 
 ance or exercise, or any performance or exercise of jugglers, acro- 
 bats, club performances or rope dancers. Provided, however, that 
 nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prohibit at any such 
 place or places on the first day of the week, commonly called Sun- 
 day, sacred or educational, vocal or instrumental concert-, lectures, 
 addresses, recitations and singing, provided that such above men- 
 tioned entertainments shall be given in such manner as not to dis- 
 turb the public peace, or amount to a serious interruption of the 
 repose and religious liberty of the community. Any person wil- 
 fully offending against the provisions of this section, and every per- 
 son knowingly aiding in such exhibitions, except as herein pro- 
 vided, by advertisements or otherwise, and every owner or lessee of 
 any building, part of a building, grounds, garden or concert room, 
 or other room or place, who shall lease or let out the same for the 
 purpose of any such exhibition or performance, except as hereire 
 provided, or assent that the same be used for any such purpose, 
 shall be subject to a penalty of live hundred dollars, which penalty 
 the Corporation Counsel of said City is hereby authorized, in the 
 name of The City of New York, to prosecute, sue for and recover; 
 and on the recovery of a judgment for the penalty herein provided 
 for against any manager, proprietor, owner or lessee consenting 
 to or causing or allowing or letting any part of the building for 
 the purpose of any exhibition or performance, prohibited by this 
 ordinance, the license which shall have been previously obtained 
 by such manager, proprietor, owner or lessee is of itself vacated 
 and annulled. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen. December ^7- I9Q7- 
 Approved by the Mayor. December 19, 1007. 
 
 No. 627. 
 
 Amending sections 277 and 280 of the Code of Ordinances of The 
 City of New York, adopted October 30, 1906, and approved 
 November 8, 1906, relating to Surveyors' fees. 
 
 Section t. Section 277 of the Code of Ordinances of The City 
 of New York, adopted October 30, 1006, and approved November 8, 
 1906, hereby is amended so as to read as follows: 
 
 Sec. 277. The City Surveyors employed by any Borough Presi- 
 dent shall receive compensation for their services as follows, and 
 
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 
 
 no Surveyor's bill shall be paid unless the same be first certified l>y 
 the Borough President employing him: 
 
 For a preliminary survey in regulating a street or avenue or 
 for making a country road, for the first line of levels five cents per 
 linear foot, measuring through the centre of the street, avenue or 
 road, and for each additional line of levels one and one-half cents 
 per linear foot, to be measured in the same manner. 
 
 For grading, when done alone eight cents per linear foot meas- 
 uring through the centre, of the street or avenue. 
 
 For grading and setting curb and gutter when done under the 
 same contract, twelve cents per linear foot, measuring through the 
 centre of the street or avenue. 
 
 For grading and setting curb and gutter and flagging or pav- 
 ing, when done under the same contract, fourteen cents per linear 
 foot, measuring through the centre of the street or avenue. 
 
 For setting curb and gutter alone four cents per linear foot 
 along the line of the work done. 
 
 For setting curb and gutter ami flagging or paving, when done 
 under the same contract, but not in connection with the grading, 
 twelve cents per linear foot, measuring through the centre of the 
 street or avenue. 
 
 For flagging, when done alone, five cents per linear foot along 
 the line of the work done. 
 
 For fencing, including preliminary survey, five cents per linear 
 
 loot 
 
 For making a country road fourteen cents per linear foot, meas- 
 uring through the centre of the road. 
 
 For establishing a new grade line one and one half cents per 
 linear foot, measuring along the line. 
 
 For making the necessary surveys and furnishing all necessary 
 copies of damage maps in street opening proceedings, three cents 
 per linear foot, measuring along the exterior line of the street or 
 avenue, and along all interior boundary lines of each parcel included 
 within said street or avenue lines: and for assessment lists and maps 
 for street openings or other improvements, three cents per linear 
 foot of map front; and for every additional copy of list and map 
 required, two cents per linear foot of ma]) front. 
 
 A Surveyor employed by one of the Borough Presidents to make 
 a survey, the compensation for which is not otherwise provided, 
 shall receive such compensation as shall be agreed upon in writing 
 "between the Surveyor and said Borough President, before the survey 
 or work be undertaken, and after the completion of the said survey 
 or work the Surveyor's bill shall be certified by the Borough Presi- 
 dent in accordance with the terms of such agreement. 
 
ORDINANCES < >F THE CITY OF XK\Y YORK 
 
 361 
 
 Sec. 2. Section 280 of said Code of Ordinances hereby is 
 amended so as to read as follows : 
 
 Sec. 280. A Surveyor shall he entitled to receive fifteen dollars 
 for ever}- certificate for payment to a contractor on any work done 
 by contract made upon public advertising and letting, which shall be 
 paid by the Borough President makii% the contract, and except as 
 herein otherwise provided, no Surveyor shall be entitled to any pay- 
 ment for a certificate to a contractor. 
 
 The amount so paid for a certificate shall be deducted from the 
 payment to be made to the contractor on account of the work cer- 
 tified to be done. 
 
 Sec. 3. All ordinances and parts of ordinances inconsistent here- 
 with hereby are repealed. 
 
 Sec. 4. This ordinance shall take effect immediately. 
 
 Adopted by the Board of Aldermen, December jo. 1907. 
 
 Received from his Honor the Mayor, December 31, 1907. with- 
 out his approval or disapproval. 
 
 No. 1203. 
 
 Amending sections 242, 248 and 249 of Article XIV. of the Revised 
 Ordinances of the City of New York of 1897. 
 
 Section 1. Sections 242, 248 and 249 of Article XIV. of the 
 Revised Ordinances of The City of New York of 1897, in relation 
 to "Flagging. Curbing and Repairing Sidewalks. " are hereby amended 
 so as to read as follows: 
 
 Sec. 242. All streets in the (City of Xew York) Boroughs of 
 Manhatan and The Bronx, of twenty-two feet in width and upward, 
 shall have sidewalks on each side thereof laid with granite or blue- 
 stone flagging, or artificial stone, (not less than three inches thick, 
 and not less than two feet wide, and containing a superficial area 
 or at least eight square feet.) in full accordance with that called 
 for in the standard specifications for this work on file in the offices 
 of the Presidents of the Boroughs of Manhattan and The Bronx. 
 
 Sec. 248. No sidewalk or any part of a sidewalk laid with 
 (brick or flagging) granite or bluestone flagging or artificial stone 
 shall hereafter be taken up or the (brick or flagging) granite or 
 bluestone flagging or artificial stone removed therefrom, for any 
 purpose whatever, in the Venty-third or Twenty- fourth Wards 
 of The City of Xew York) Boroughs of Manhattan and The Bronx, 
 without the written permission of the (Commissioner of Street Im- 
 provements of said wards, or in any other part of The City of Xew 
 York, without the written permission of the Commissioner of Pub- 
 lic Works,) President of the Borough of Manhattan, or the Presi- 
 dent of the Borough of The Bronx, respectively, as jurisdiction may 
 
362 
 
 ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 
 
 apply, under the penalty of twenty-five dollars for each offence; but 
 the provisions of this section, unless such work should come within 
 the limits of an ordinance of the (Common Council) Board of Alder- 
 men, shall not apply to any person engaged in the necessary re- 
 pairs of any such sidewalk, the resetting, when necessary, of any 
 curb or gutter stones that may have become displaced, broken or 
 sunken, or the necessary repair or alteration of any coal slide under 
 any such sidewalk, nor shall a permit for any such purpose be 
 necessary. 
 
 Sec. 249. All private cartways, crossing any of the sidewalks 
 of the (City of New York) Boroughs of Manhattan and The Bronx, 
 and all sidewalks whatever shall be paved with granite or bluestone, 
 or artificial stone (not less in size than eight superficial feet, hewn, 
 and laid closely together) and not with brick or with round or 
 paving stones, under the penalty of ten dollars upon the owner and 
 occupant of the lot in front of which such cartway or sidewalk shall 
 be. severally and respectively. 
 
 Sec. 2. This ordinance shall take effect immediately 
 
 Adopted October 22. 1906. 
 
 Received from the Mayor November 3, 1906. 
 
INDEX 
 
 PART I. 
 
 General Ordinances and Ordinances of a General Character. 
 
 Chapter i — Executive Department 3 
 
 2 — Legislative Department 4 
 
 3 — Law Department 5 
 
 4 — Department of Finance 6 
 
 5 — Borough Presidents 19 
 
 6 — Department of Water Supply, Gas and Electricity - • • 57 
 
 7 — Bureau of Licenses * 61 
 
 8— Weights and Measures 80 
 
 9 — Cleaning Streets and Sidewalks 84 
 
 " 10 — Sale, Use and Transportation of Explosives 89 
 
 " 11 — Discharge of Firearms 91 
 
 " 12 — Rules of the Road 93; 
 
 " 13 — A! iscellaneous Ordinances 100 
 
 " 14 — Sanitary Code 11c 
 
 " 15 — Building Code 154 
 
 " 16— Park Ordinances, Rules and Regulations 244 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Ordinances Affecting that Part of The City of New York Included 
 Within the Borough of Manhattan. 
 
 Chapter ] — Sales of Commodities, Etc 257 
 
 " 2 — Nuisances 262 
 
 " 3 — Partition Fences and Walls 264 
 
 " 4 — Surface Railways 20(v 
 
 " 5 — Miscellaneous Ordinances 271 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Ordinances Affecting that Part of The City of New York Included 
 Within the Borough of Brooklyn. 
 
 Chapter 1 — The Borough President 27£ 
 
 2 — Public Safety and Order 279. 
 
 " 3 — Partition Fences and Walls 281 
 
4 — Strict Musicians 283 
 
 *' 5 — Railroads 284 
 
 6 — Miscellaneous Ordinances 288 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as Long Island City. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Public Safety and Order 291 
 
 2 — Partition Fences and Walls 295 
 
 PART V. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Viallage of Flushing. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Streets and Highways 298 
 
 " 2 — Public Order and Safety 303 
 
 " 3 — volunteer Fire Department 303 
 
 PART VI 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Jamaica. 
 
 Chapter 1 — General Regulations 307 
 
 " 2 — Volunteer Fire Department 308 
 
 PART VII. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Richmond Hill. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Streets and Highways 313 
 
 PART VIII. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Far Rockaway. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Public {Safety and Order 314 
 
 " 2 — Volunteer Fire Department 317 
 
 " 3 — Fines and Penalties 3 l 7 
 
 PART IX. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Rockaway Beach. 
 
 Chapter 1 — General Regulations 318 
 
PART X. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Arverne-by-the-Sea. 
 
 Chapter l — Public Safety and Order 323 
 
 " 2 — Streets ai;d Highways • • •. 324 
 
 " 3 — Auctioneers 327 
 
 " 4 — Fines and Penalties 328 
 
 " 5 — Abandoned Poles in Streets 328 
 
 PART XI. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Port Richmond. 
 
 Chapter 1 — General Regulations 33a 
 
 PART XII 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of New Brighton. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Streets and Highways 334 
 
 2 — Public Safety and Order 338 
 
 PART XIII. 
 
 Ordinances Relating to that Section of The City of New York 
 Formerly Known as the Village of Edgewater. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Railroads 339 
 
 PART XIV. 
 
 Ordinances Generally Affecting the Borough of Richmond. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Streets and Highways 339 
 
 PART XV. 
 
 Miscellaneous Ordinances Affecting the Boroughs of Queens. Rich- 
 mond and The Bronx. 
 
 Chapter 1 — Miscellaneous 343 
 
 PART XVI. 
 
 Penalty fur Violations 344 
 
AMENDMENTS. 
 
 Vehicular Traffic on Ocean Parkway 345 
 
 Width of Sidewalks — Queens 346 
 
 Opening of Pavements and Sewer Connections — Borough of 
 
 Richmond * 347 
 
 To Rules of the Road 348 
 
 The Use of Firearms 348 
 
 To Building Code 350 
 
 Discharge of Gas or Vapor into Sewers, Etc. 351 
 
 The Use of Firearms 351 
 
 Fire Limits of Building Code 352 
 
 Display of Indecent Pictures, Etc. 352 
 
 Fixing Office Hours in Public Offices in New York City 353 
 
 Removal of Buildings Across Streets, Etc. — Bronx 354 
 
 In Relation to Rights of Peddlers, Etc. 354 
 
 Removal of Buildings Across Streets, Etc. — New York City 354 
 
 Right of Way of Certain Vehicles 355 
 
 Danger of Passengers of Street Cars . . 355 
 
 Numbering of Buildings — New York City 356 
 
 Electric Signs — City of New York 357 
 
 Peace and Quietness of Inmates of Hospitals, Etc 358 
 
 Exhibitions — Theatres — Etc., on Sundays 358 
 
 Surveyor's Fees • 359 
 
 Repiaring Sidewalks, Flagging, Etc. 361 
 
NEW YORK PREPARATORY SCHOOL, | 
 
 15 WEST 43rd STREET, MANHATTAN 
 TEL. 2956 BRYANT. 
 
 200 JORALEMON STREET, BROOKLYN 
 TEL. 1908 MAIN. 
 
 Prepares For All Civil Service Examinations 
 
 The New York Preparatory School is the oldest, 
 largest, best equipped and most successful school train- 
 ing students for Civil Service and Regents examinations. 
 It has over 8,000 Alumni. 
 
 The faculty of this school is made up of men who 
 are specially equipped by training and experience for 
 these lines of work. 
 
 The building on 43d Street contains a large and fully 
 furnished gymnasium, which is under the management 
 of one of the best known directors in New York. The 
 physician in attendance will make a full preliminary 
 examination. 
 
 Particular Attention Will be 
 Given to Applicants for 
 Appointment as Letter Carrier 
 
 Send for Catalogue 
 
 CMIL E. CAMERER, A. M. Li. B., Prindpal SAMUEL E. BATES, Registrar 
 
4 * 
 
 ESTABLISHED 10 YEARS 
 
 I G YMNASIUM & 
 
 CIVIL SERVICE SCHOOL f 
 
 The Oldest and best Known Civil Service School. 
 
 115 117 West 23rd Street 
 
 NOW AS THE TIME TO PREPARE 
 FOR THE 
 
 Coming Examination 
 for Post Office 
 
 1 \ental and Physical training for applicants for the POLICE and FIRE departments. 
 Money refunded if you fail to pass. 
 
 Investigate our Civil Service School with others, but be sure not to make any deposits 
 until you have seen our plant, the largest and most up- to date In the business. 
 
 We have placed more men in these departments than all other schools com- 
 bined. Ask any POLICEMAN or FIRE MAN about us. 
 
 CALL FOR ONE OF OUR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES. 
 
 WM. J. BROWN, Manager. 
 
J