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 DR. GILMAN'S 
 
 INTRODUCTORY LECTURE. 
 
 DELIVERED NOV. 6, 1840. 
 
INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS 
 
 STUDENTS IN MEDICINE 
 
 COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF THE STATE OF NEW-YORK. 
 
 Delivered Nov. 6, 1840. 
 
 By CHANDLER R. GILMAN, M. D. 
 
 LECTURER ON OBSTETRICS AND THE DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENTS. 
 
 1840. 
 

 
 
 H. LtJDWIG, PRINTER, 
 
 72, Vesey-street, N.Y. 
 
New- York, November 7, 1840. 
 Sir, 
 
 At a meeting of the Students of the College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons of New- York, held at the College, on Friday, Nov. 6, 1840, it 
 was, on motion of Mr. Hull, unanimously 
 
 Resolved, That a Committee of four, with the Chairman and Secre- 
 tary, be appointed to wait on you, to request a copy of your very appro- 
 priate Introductory Address for publication. 
 
 The Committee take more than ordinary pleasure in being permitted 
 to communicate to you the wishes of the class, viewing as they do the 
 chaste, flowing, and scholar-like diction of your Introductory Address, 
 together with its agreeable delivery, as emblematical of the excellence 
 of the ensuing course of lectures. That you may succeed (as doubtless 
 you will) in giving full and entire satisfaction to the Trustees and Fa- 
 culty of the College, as well as to the Students generally, is the sincere 
 desire of Your obedient servants, 
 
 A. Cooke Hull, "| 
 
 Richard H. Cooltdge, 1 ~ 
 Henry F. Quackenbos, \ Com ^ttee. 
 Fred. J. Painter, J 
 
 Wai. R. Wagstaff, Chairman, 
 Philip A. Davenport, Secretary. 
 To Chandler R. Gilman, M. D. 
 
 Lecturer on Obstetrics, &c. 
 
 New- York, November 9, 1840. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your letter, communicating the proceedings of a 
 meeting of the Students of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, held 
 Nov. 6, 1840, was duly received. 
 
 The lecture, of which you speak in such flattering terms, was prepar- 
 ed simply and solely to afford you pleasure, and, if possible, profit. If 
 your pleasure in it will be increased by its publication, it is entirely at 
 your service. 
 
 For the very kind manner in which you wish me success in my new 
 undertaking, be pleased to accept my cordial thanks. Be assured that 
 no efforts of mine shall be wanting to realize your flattering anticipa- 
 tions. I remain, Gentlemen, 
 
 Yours, truly, 
 
 Chandler R. Gilaian. 
 To Messrs. A. Cooke Hull, "i 
 
 " " Richard H. Coolidge, „ 
 
 » Henry F. Quackenbos, > Committee, 
 " " Fred. J. Painter, 
 " " Wai. R. Wagstaff, Chairman. 
 *• " Philip A. Davenport, Secretary. 
 
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE. 
 
 MR. PRESIDENT— GENTLEMEN : 
 
 By the kind confidence of the Trustees, I 
 appear before, you this clay as lecturer on Ob- 
 stetrics and the Diseases of Women and Chil- 
 dren in this College. 
 
 It is with no ordinary satisfaction that I find 
 myself thus honourably associated with such a 
 faculty as ours, among whom I recognise early 
 and highly valued professional friends ; and for 
 this honour I beg leave to offer to you, Mr. Pre- 
 sident, and to the Board of Trustees, my cordial 
 and hearty thanks. 
 
 Thanks, however, do but poorly pay our obli- 
 gations. I shall strive most unremittingly to 
 afford to you, sir, and to the Board, the only re- 
 turn for your kindness, which, as I am assured 
 you desire, by a faithful, diligent and zealous 
 performance of the duties you have assigned 
 me. 
 
 With the importance of those duties to the insti- 
 tution over which you so worthily preside, and to 
 the profession in which we all delight to labour, 
 I am deeply impressed, and in this view of them, 
 sensible of my own limited fitness, I receive the 
 
honourable and responsible office you have con- 
 ferred upon me, with a pride which is deeply 
 mingled with humility. 
 
 The first duty which devolves upon a public 
 teacher of medicine is, by an introductory ad- 
 dress, to endeavour to create in the minds of his 
 pupils such an interest in the subject of his 
 course as will excite them to a zealous and per- 
 severing study of it. That such incitements 
 to exertion are necessary, will be doubted by 
 no one who is acquainted with the amount of 
 the labour required, with the discouraging and 
 often disgusting' circumstances under which that 
 labour is to be performed, and the number and 
 character of the obstacles to be overcome, be- 
 fore the student can tread even the threshold of 
 his profession. And do his difficulties cease, 
 are his labours to be remitted, when that thresh- 
 hold is passed? Far otherwise. These early 
 difficulties are soon forgotten, but it is in the 
 countless cares, anxieties, fatigues and annoy- 
 ances, which beset the practitioner of physic, 
 from the first moment, when a young graduate, 
 he sits in his office waiting and hoping for busi- 
 ness, to the last, when an old man, his strength 
 exhausted by fatigue, his health broken by ex- 
 
posure, his spirit vexed by disappointment or 
 worn by care, he finds rest from his labours in 
 the quiet of the grave. 
 
 And should encouragement be refused, should 
 even stimulants to exertion be denied to those 
 who are entering on a course like this 1 Sure- 
 ly not ! But where are they to be found 1 
 Where are the motives strong enough to tempt 
 any one to enter voluntarily on a youth of 
 study, only to prepare himself for a life of 
 toil? 
 
 Other paths are open. The law tempts him 
 with early opportunities of public display and 
 a ready and early passage to the high honours 
 of political life. Commerce pours out before 
 him her golden treasures, and bids him remem- 
 ber that his country is one whose merchants 
 are princes. Or if he rather choose a calm 
 and quiet course through life, agriculture points 
 to her waving fields and yellow harvests, her 
 green retreats and sunny glades, and says — 
 " Happiness is here" 
 
 And what has medical science to offer that 
 she should enter into a competition with these ? 
 She cannot promise opportunities of public dis- 
 play, for hers are emphatically private, and 
 
often confidential duties. She cannot even 
 speak of political honours, for no profession is, 
 from its very nature, more alien from political 
 strife than the medical. Can she rival com- 
 merce in the golden gains by which her vo- 
 taries are repaid 1 Too often is the physician, 
 for his toil, his care, his time, his skill — shall 
 I say repaid ? — were it not better to say in- 
 sulted 1 — a pittance which a day-labourer 
 would scarce envy. Medicine cannot name 
 peaceful ease and quiet contentment among 
 her attractions ; but in their stead must threat- 
 en, never-ending toils, — anxieties to which the 
 most stoical cannot remain insensible, nor the 
 most patient always endure without repining. 
 
 And has she nothing more to offer to her 
 adorers'? Is toil, is care, is wasted strength, 
 is broken health, is poverty, is premature 
 old age, the only dowry she brings? Not 
 so. With poverty she brings a wealth, with 
 care a happiness. She can make the poorest 
 of us rich in the consciousness of well-perform- 
 ed duties, and our most anxious hours happy 
 in the luxury of doing good. 
 
 These, students of medicine, are the rich re- 
 wards by which you are to be excited to dili- 
 
gence and zeal in the study of your profes- 
 sion. They belong, however, alike to each 
 and every branch of the healing art. 
 
 And has not the particular department in 
 which I shall have the honour to direct your 
 efforts its peculiar attractions. Its require- 
 ments are high : to thorough knowledge of 
 general principles must be added a perfect fa- 
 miliarity with minute details ; and these, in 
 their application to practice, must be regulated 
 and guided by a presence of mind, which no 
 sudden danger can disturb, a fertility of re- 
 course which no emergencies can exhaust, and 
 above all, a patience, on which neither time 
 nor fatigue, nor the repinings of friends, nor, 
 hardest of all to resist, the entreaties of suffer- 
 ing, can produce any effect. 
 
 These are the requirements of Obstetric 
 medicine — her toils are not less, and her anx- 
 ieties are greater. And has she no special re- 
 ward, no peculiar prize for her votaries ? She 
 has. Their toils are in the cause of woman, 
 and woman's ardent gratitude and woman's un- 
 failing confidence are their abundant reward. 
 It is our happy lot to repay in part the incal- 
 culable debt which man owes to woman — to 
 
10 
 
 woman, too olten the sport of his wayward 
 passions, by his licentiousness made a play- 
 thing, by his brutality a slave. But when left 
 to the guidance of her own purer and better 
 nature, ever ready to take that place by the 
 side of man which their common Creator as- 
 signed to her, and become his best friend — often 
 his wisest, because always his most disinter- 
 ested, adviser ; in short, to become what God 
 himself has called her, a help mete for man. 
 
 There have not, I know, been wanting, in 
 every age, and there are not wanting in our 
 own, those who would willingly lure woman 
 from this her good and happy sphere, to make 
 her man's rival. But such efforts are too di- 
 rectly in opposition to the nature of woman, 
 ever to obtain more than that temporary and 
 limited success which novelty insures to any 
 and to everything. 
 
 The character and extent of woman's duties 
 are too clearly marked out by Him w T ho so ad- 
 mirably fitted her to perform them. Nor is 
 His wisdom and His benevolence less clearly 
 manifested in that, while by her mental and 
 physical organization He has admirably adapt- 
 ed her for one sphere, He has not less distinct- 
 ly disqualified her for the other. 
 
11 
 
 To be convinced of this, we need scarce do 
 more than cast a glance at the external con- 
 figuration of the two sexes. Woman man's 
 rival ! Mark the modest lowliness of her sta- 
 ture. See the slender and well-rounded limbs, 
 the small flexible joints, the smooth and polish- 
 ed skin, the graceful curve in which every out- 
 line flows. Now contrast this with man. His 
 towering height, his broad chest, his large and 
 
 DO' ' D 
 
 muscular limbs, his rough and hirsute skin, the 
 angularity and squareness of his figure. In 
 woman everywhere power is sacrificed to grace, 
 and strength to beauty. She is a being to love 
 and be beloved, to cherish and be cherished ; at 
 once to feel, and be herself the object of all the 
 soft and tender emotions. 
 
 And was this being, thus curiously and deli- 
 cately framed, created to be man's rival? to 
 arrogate to herself his privileges, attempt his 
 duties, or cope with him in power? Not so. 
 His rival she can never be; but in her own 
 sphere she can be something better than his 
 equal, something nobler than his rival. Man's 
 inferior in strength and courage, she leans on 
 him for support, she looks to him for protection. 
 
12 
 
 But the arm is strengthened when woman leans 
 upon it, the courage rises when woman is to 
 be protected. 
 
 Above all, and best of all, to woman is as- 
 signed by her Creator, a chief and prevailing 
 part in the continuance of the species. This 
 is her great duty. In this all her powers, her 
 faculties, her feelings and her passions concen- 
 trate. To this every other duty and every 
 other feeling is secondary. The study of her 
 mental and physical organization will convince 
 any one that this is the great duty of woman. 
 
 On this subject I shall, at a future day, en- 
 ter into minute detail, for the present, a slight 
 sketch of the peculiarities of the female sys- 
 tem (aside from the strictly sexual organs) will 
 suffice. 
 
 We have already spoken of her external 
 configuration, and contrasted it with that of 
 man. But there is one peculiarity, interesting 
 in this point of view, to which I did not then 
 allude. Not only is woman's stature inferior 
 to that of man, but the shape of the figure, as 
 a whole, is essentially and characteristically 
 different. In man we have a broad chest, 
 strongly formed shoulders, with a comparative- 
 
13 
 
 ly small pelvis and narrow hips. In woman, 
 on the contrary, we have the whole trunk long- 
 er in proportion than that of man, the chest nar- 
 row, the shoulders small, while the hips are 
 large and the pelvis wide. By this peculiarity 
 of formation alone, and if there were no other 
 structural differences, man would possess great 
 advantages in the performance of every variety 
 of labour, and in the power of steady, rapid, 
 and vigorous progression. For all of which 
 advantages woman has compensation only in 
 the wide capacious pelvis, enabling her to bear 
 her precious and well-loved burthen in safety. 
 But woman's duty to her offspring is not alone 
 to carry in her bosom the germ of the future 
 being'; she is to afford it nutriment in all that 
 mysterious progress by which a vesicle, so mi- 
 nute that the unassisted eye can scarce detect 
 it, becomes a highly organized, living, moving 
 human being. 
 
 For this purpose, and to supply the prodi- 
 gious drain it makes upon her fluids, the or- 
 gans of woman are everywhere pervaded by 
 cellular texture which, while, its regular dis- 
 tribution adds much to the beauty of her figure, 
 serves to retain in its minute areola the fluids 
 
14 
 
 which, at the call of nature, are to contribute 
 to the sustenance of the new being - ; and these 
 nutrient fluids are preserved from waste by the 
 very limited degree in which exhalation is per- 
 formed through her fine and delicate skin. It 
 is by this arrangement that women, even the 
 weakest of them, are enabled to support the 
 long-continued and profuse drains upon their 
 system, which are caused by gestation and lac- 
 tation, while the dryer, though more vigorous 
 system of man, soon succumbs under a much 
 smaller degree of any similar exhausting pro- 
 cess. 
 
 This abundant supply of nutriment is all 
 that the child requires from his mother during 
 uterine life, for during that time his security is 
 for the most part bound up in her own, and 
 may be made dependent on her own instinct 
 of self-preservation. But the period of foetal 
 life once passed, the child once born, how va- 
 rious and how great are his demands upon a 
 mother's love. Not only must her breast afford 
 him his supply of nutriment, but upon her bo- 
 som he seeks his needful rest, it is to him at 
 once a fountain of life and a bed of repose. 
 Upon his mother's watchful care his life de- 
 
15 
 
 pends at almost every moment of his early 
 existence. Her eye must be ever upon him, 
 her ear ever open to his cry. 
 
 These kind offices, so essential to the ex- 
 istence of the new-created being, have not 
 been, by the all-wise Creator, left to depend 
 on the moral sense, on the feeling of duty, on 
 expediency, or even on that ordinary parental 
 affection which is common to the two sexes. 
 An impulse to perform them is implanted deep 
 in the heart of woman. It is a part of her- 
 self, a necessity of her existence. 
 
 Nor is it, as I conceive, difficult to trace 
 much of this moral nature to the peculiar phy- 
 sical organization on which it depends. In 
 woman, an inferiority of the locomotive appa- 
 ratus, the apparatus of action, of physical la- 
 bour, is apparent in all its parts. The bones 
 are small and slender, smooth, or nearly so, 
 and capable, from their structure, of resisting 
 only a very moderate amount of violence. 
 The muscular system, throughout its whole 
 extent, has the same general character, deli- 
 cate in texture, small in size, endowed with 
 great mobility and little power ; but it is in 
 the nervous system that the peculiarities of 
 
16 
 
 the female are most marked and have the 
 most prevailing influence on her moral nature. 
 The great nervous centre, the brain, is both 
 absolutely and relatively smaller in woman 
 than in man. But the nerves (the branches 
 from that mighty root) pervade her structure 
 to a much greater extent, and bear a much 
 larger proportion to the rest of her body than 
 they do to that of man. Of the peculiarities 
 in the intimate structure of this system, and of 
 the organs of sense, on which the different de- 
 grees of perfection in which their functions 
 are performed, depend, we are profoundly ig- 
 norant, and cannot in this respect make a 
 comparison between the two sexes. 
 
 But if we adopt for them another mode of 
 study, and without attempting to establish dif- 
 ferences of intimate structure, which are too 
 minute for our means of investigation, content 
 ourselves with observing these organs in their 
 exercise, who does not know that quickness 
 of sight, nicety of touch, and delicacy of all 
 the senses, are the acknowledged attributes of 
 woman? 
 
 Let us now make a brief summary of the 
 peculiarities in the organization of woman. We 
 
17 
 
 have first an abundant supply of soft and semi- 
 fluid cellular tissue ; we have a muscular and 
 locomotive apparatus possessing great mobili- 
 ty with but little power, a nervous system, 
 wide-spread and largely developed, affording 
 to every part an abundant supply of its in- 
 fluence, and giving to every fibre the highest 
 degree of susceptibility and irritibility ; lastly, 
 we have organs of sense, whose functions are 
 performed with a delicacy and quickness to 
 which those of man are strangers. Now with 
 such an organization what mental traits are 
 likely to be associated 1 
 
 The abundance of the cellular tissue, by 
 rendering the whole fabric more soft and deli- 
 cate, contributes to impress a like character 
 of softness and delicacy on the mind ; the 
 weakness of her apparatus of action, while it 
 unfits her for powerful effort or long-continued 
 exertion, has a necessary tendency to give to 
 her mind a character of non-resistance, of pas- 
 sivity, which, under favourable influences, is 
 developed and modified into that habit of self- 
 sacrifice, that readiness to concede, that total 
 absence of selfishness, which is the best trait 
 
 in the character of the best women. The full 
 3 
 
18 
 
 development of the nervous system and its pre- 
 dominance over the cerebral centre, gives to 
 every part a susceptibility so acute, that the 
 impressions made, and the sensations excited, 
 are always of the most vehement character ; 
 and these being less under the control of the 
 brain, woman becomes, from the very necessity 
 of her nature, a creature rather of impulse than 
 of reflection, of feeling than of thought, of 
 passion than of reason. Her extreme and easi- 
 ly excited sensibility, when united with the 
 gentleness and softness of her nature, give to 
 her mind a proneness to compassion, to pity, 
 and to tenderness. And such should be the 
 mental character of a mother. For to what 
 other feelings than those of pity, of compas- 
 sion, and of tenderness, can that most helpless 
 of all beings, a new-born infant, appeal. His 
 powers, his faculties, his organs of sense, are 
 all undeveloped ; the lines of humanity are 
 scarce yet traced upon his countenance ; he 
 can have no advocate but his own utter help- 
 lessness. The first offices of kindness to him 
 must be prompted rather by compassion than 
 by affection ; he must be pitied before he can 
 be loved. And well and wisely hath the Fa- 
 
19 
 
 Iher of all provided for this the frailest of his 
 works, when he consigned it to woman's prompt 
 compassion, to woman's unfailing and exhaust- 
 less tenderness ! 
 
 Such, students of medicine, is a sketch of 
 woman and her peculiar adaptation to her most 
 important office. It has been brief, for the 
 time would not admit, nor the occasion justify, 
 any amplification of detail ; imperfect, for who 
 will say that he is able to do justice to the 
 theme ? 
 
 vThis interesting being, in the hour of her 
 extremity, will call on you for aid. She ap- 
 peals to the tenderest, the holiest sympathies 
 of your nature. She is about to become a 
 mother — Oh, that sweet word, mother ! Is there 
 a heart in any bosom here that does not throb 
 thick and fast at the sound? Is there one 
 among you who needs to have counted up 
 before him the infinite debt he owes to his own 
 mother ? 
 
 Look back on your past life — back, far 
 back, to childhood, if it be possible, to infancy. 
 By your cradle's side she kept her patient vigil. 
 Childhood's sorrows and joys, the rain and 
 sunshine of life's April day, were soothed and 
 
20 
 
 shared by mother's ready sympathy. And as 
 your life advanced, has not her gentle influ- 
 ence been, like a guardian angel, ever present, 
 to check the impulses to evil, and lure you on- 
 ward in the path of duty. And oh, happy are 
 they to whom, amid the cares and toils of man- 
 hood, the Divine mercy has vouchsafed a con- 
 tinuance of the blessed influence of a mother's 
 gentle wisdom. But there are those of us to 
 whom that great blessing has been denied, to 
 whom mother is altogether a word of memory. 
 Yet to us — perhaps to us chiefly — it is* a 
 holy and a blessed word, recalling, as it 
 does, the thousand tender and grateful re- 
 collections of days gone by. To us, nay, to 
 all, woman will not appeal in vain when she 
 bids us, if we love a living, or cherish the 
 memory of a dead mother, to give aid and suc- 
 cour to her in this her hour of trial, " that 
 hour of perilous hope," as it was beautifully 
 called by one* who, alas ! did not survive it. 
 If aid and succour be afforded skilfully, you 
 may hope that, after a few brief hours of suf- 
 fering, all will be well — the woman's agonies 
 
 * Princess Charlotte of England. 
 
21 
 
 all forgotten in the mother's joy. And the hus- 
 band too, will he not bless you, when all the 
 husband's anxieties and fears are banished, lost, 
 forgotten — in the proud joy of being a father 1 
 
 This issue may be hoped for, but is there 
 not another that must be feared? The suf- 
 fering, the apprehension, the alarm, the con- 
 fusion, the tumult, all are passed. Silence 
 reigns in the lately noisy and agitated house- 
 hold ; but it is the stillness of despair ! The 
 bird of death, that hovered so far off that scarce 
 the eye of apprehension could catch his figure, 
 a speck in the heaven of hope, has made his 
 fearful stoop, and now in triumph he riots o'er 
 his prey. He who hoped to have been a fa- 
 ther is now a lonely and despairing man, and 
 she who should have been a mother, is, for 
 this world, nothing. 
 
 All the hopes and joys that clustered round 
 the once happy home, now take their flight. 
 We can almost fancy, that, like the priests of 
 Jerusalem, when the guardian angels of the tern- 
 pie left their charge, we hear the rustling pinions 
 of the departing host, and their wailing cry, 
 
 " Let us go hence," 
 
 I will not ask you, students of medicine, 
 
22 
 
 which of these two pictures you would wish 
 to see realized in your own experience. If 
 the question were not a mere mockery, it would 
 be something worse. But let me remind you, 
 that hopes and fears are idle, when they are 
 not efficient stimulants to zeal and industry. 
 
 Whatever may be your hopes, your wishes, 
 or your fears, they will not influence the re- 
 sult. Which of these two pictures will be 
 most frequently realized in your experience — 
 whether, in her hour of peril, you are to be 
 to suffering woman the minister of good or 
 evil — whether you will bring to her and to 
 her offspring life or death, and to those around 
 her happiness or misery, will depend mainly on 
 the manner in which the next two or three 
 years of your lives are spent. Improve them, 
 and all will be well. A career of labour, but 
 of honourable and useful labour, is before you. 
 Nor will your labour fail of its appropriate re- 
 ward. True, your name may not fill the trump 
 of Fame, nor be written on any blood-stained 
 page of your country's history, but it will be 
 graven on the hearts, it will live among the 
 cherished memories of those to whom you have 
 been God's minister for good. 
 
23 
 
 It is but a few years since such a one lived 
 and laboured here among us, and well and 
 kindly is he remembered ; for could we forget 
 his venerable form, his mild, benignant coun- 
 tenance, his calm and courteous bearing, yet 
 would the ripe wisdom, the well-digested ex- 
 perience, above all, the unfailing kindness, the 
 perfect uprightness in all the relations of life, 
 which distinguished the late Wright Post of 
 this city, live in the hearts of those who had the 
 advantage and the pleasure of being in any 
 way associated with him. His was a life use- 
 ful and honourable, a death peaceful and happy, 
 a memory cherished by the wise, and blessed 
 by the good. 
 
 A career like his may now be opening to 
 some of you ; but it will only be to those who 
 from the first, from this very hour, resolve to 
 neglect no opportunity of professional advance- 
 ment, to allow no moment of time to escape 
 them unimproved, in short, to shrink from no 
 amount of needful labour. 
 
 But should you choose another and a baser 
 course, to what can a youth of neglected oppor- 
 tunities and wasted hours lead ? To a life of 
 insignificance ? Of uselessness ? This is not 
 
24 
 
 all. The ill-instructed physician is not a mere 
 negation of all that is good, a mere drone in 
 the political hive. He goes forth armed with a 
 power which he must exert. It is not, as I 
 conceive, putting the case too strongly, to say 
 that he goes forth God's minister for evil, God's 
 scourge, his curse upon those whose evil fate 
 leads them to employ him. 
 
 Students of medicine, these two courses of 
 life are now placed as alternatives before each 
 one of you — to be useful, to be loved and 
 cherished in life, to be honoured and mourned 
 in death ; or to be, on the other hand, not sim- 
 ply a thing of nought, but a thing of evil — not 
 simply a cumberer of the ground, but a poisoner 
 of the soil — not simply a broken staff, but a 
 spear piercing where it should support. Be- 
 tween these two you are now to choose. If a 
 prize like this to be gained, and a fate like that 
 to be avoided, afford not a sufficient stimulus 
 to your industry, no words nor thoughts of 
 mine can supply one. 
 
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