NEW HISTORY: Compleat View of th eBritiJh Marine. The Royal Navy and the Merchant’s Service ARE TRACED THROUGH All their PERIODS and different BRANCHES: WITH The LIVES of the ADMIRALS and NAVIGATORS, who have Honour’d this Nation , and Diftinguifli’d Themfelves BY THEIR CONDUCT, COURAGE, VICTORIES, and DISCOVERIES. INCLUDING Themoft confiderable NAVAL EXPEDITIONS, and SEA-FIGHTS: our RIGHT to The Dominion of the SEA, and the Dignity of the BRITISH FLAG: THE LAWS and REGULATIONS The Government and Oeconomy of His Majesty’s N AV Y The Business and Management of the feveral R O.Y.A L Y ARDS and DOCKS in this Kingdom. TO WHICH ARE ADDED Our Right and Title to the British Colonies in North - America : AND Ah Abftract of the LAWS now in Force for regulating our Trade and Commerce. Illuftrated with COPPER P L A'T E S. By J O H N E N £ I C K, , M. A .1- Printed for R. Manby, near Ludgate-Hiil ; W. Reeve, near Serjeant's Inn, in FleetJIreei ; W. Biz in St. Clement’s Church-yard; P. Davey and B. Law, in Ave-Mary-Lane ; and J. Scott, Pater-nopr-row. M. DCC. LVII. ^ _ TO THE HONOURABLE EDPFARD FERN ON, Efq; ADMIRAL of the White, Elder-Brother of the Trinity-Houfe, and Member of Parliament for Ipfwicfa Honoured Sir* . - - I N paying this Tribute to ydur iihiltriobs Anions, 1 have this Ad- : vantage, above other .Writers, that I ami fupported By fhd uhlrife mous-Voice of all grat-efiii Britons. , who' have rejoiced at you¥ Gbridh'ft' and Courage, bewail,the national Lofs' of fifftrafve and fuCceisfuf a ! Gobi- mander, and teach their Children to revere your Memory;';' : The SubjeA of this Hiftory, and the Luftre, which the Expeditions and other Services,' undeFyour Command, have added to the Maffhe of- Great-Britain, make it my Duty, as well as Inclination, to prefix the Name of fo great an Admiral, who carried the Glory 6F the B'ritiftj Flag to a-Heightj not equalled By any Atehievements of the r Anciefits,' and- which has been declining in its Dignity Broth the TimB,- Miffepre- fentation or Envy deprived Great-BRitaiN of your Servihel To repeat the Gonqueft or PoRf o-BSllo with Sint SMps 6)11 and the intire Suppreffion of the Piracies" oh the' SjjdHiJB- Gdardd G8ftas\- after the inactive and ingloridus Expeditions of Hdjier ahd others' ; to" cele¬ brate your extenfive Schemes formed, and which,' Had ! they' Been’ effbd-' tually fupported by thofe in Power, would have reduced the Illand of Cuba, put Britain in Poffeffion of the' Mdvdnha, or Key of the TFeft- Indies , and driven the French and Spanijh out of thofe SeaS, or made them Tributaries to the Britijh Monarch; and to recollect how much "Jamaica,- and" her neighbouring Iilands, and even England itfelf, are indebted to your Watchfulnefs, Diligence, Activity, and Superiority of Judgment, in preferying them from the Power and Policy of France ; is Vmoft agffeeabfc Entertainment for every Well-wifher to the Britijh Diadem; but thefe are more largely commemorated in the following Naval Hiftory , than could poffibly be collected within the Compafs of this Addrefs; We’ D E D I C . A T I O N, We admire thofe Services, which reduced the Pride of Spain 5 re¬ covered a free Trade, and curbed the Ambition of France: But what might we not expect from your Activity, Knowledge, or Refolution, had you not been obftru&ed by the Pride, Ignorance, and Hatred of thofe, with whom you was connected in Council abroad; and difcharged by the Intereft of fuch, as were jealous of your fuperior Abilities, at home. It was you. Sir, that the Lords of the Admiralty in the Year 1745, under the greateft Apprehenlions of an Invalion, careffed, and intreated to accept of a Command to counter-a£t the French Embarkation at Dun¬ kirk : Then they declared it to be their Inclination to fee you at the Head of the whole Fleet of the Kingdom: It was your Conduit and Judg¬ ment that intimidated the Enemy, and totally defeated their Refolutions to make a Defcent on England ; though you had no more than four Ships of the Line, fix from 50 to 20 Guns, and nineteen Sloops, Pri¬ vateers, and Tenders. Yet how were thefe eminent Services rewarded? Your Honour was hunted out of that Command by the operative Hand of fome malicious and induftrious Agent: But not till you had the pleafing Satisfaction of feeing a whole Nation pay a due Refpe£t to that Merit, which was contemptuoufiy treated by thofe, from whom the greateft Regard was naturally to be expected. Permit me therefore, honoured S t r, to prefent this Hijiory of the British Marine for your Approbation and Acceptance, in the Name of thofe Britons , who are not only fenfible of the Value of the Services you have done for your King and Country, but alfo of the Lofs they now fuftain by your Retirement: And, wilhing you the En¬ joyment, which every great and noble Mind has in being confcious of having lived and laboured for the public Good, I, with the greateft Pleafure and Refpecf, infcribe this Work to your Memory, and beg Leave to profefs myfelf to be. Honoured SIR, Your mojl obedient , Humble Servant, John Entick, IN fRODtJCflO N. Army, compofed of hireling Foreigners; from fevefal Na- ties in a Year which exhaufte Bons, was entirely routed and (lain {A. D. 296.) and their Spirits ; fo that ini The Advantage of a fuperior naval Force grew fo evi- futhcr Stand in Defence of th, dent, from thefe late Armaments, that in the Settlement feemed determined to hub-nit 1 th vaM Aff 7 ' Gwe ™" enc *? ***»• d f Care was taken than to expire with a prccado of naval Attars, and Garrifons were placed in Haflims. Such was rh* minlc Cr, Dover, Hytbe,Brancbefier, Tarmoutb, Reatlver, Richborougb, Alfred began his Rei^n over Newenden, and or Elderington, near Shorebam, and magnanimous Prince prcl then accounted the beft Sea-ports on that Side of Britain, better Hopes into his bleed™ which was moil: infefted by Pirates. But when that mighty to them the Iniquity of thofe f ‘ ne ^- and ft and Idfcneft »«ch preferred a llnd to a S invaded our Shores; the Navy dwindled away; the floating as the bed Security avainft In C aft*es, the Bulwarks of our Kingdom, were fuffered to proper Conftrudtion, to defen, rot in their neglefted Brine ; and the Ports became an eafy Force of their Enemies A Prey tp our ambitious Neighbours (A. D. 463.) However Advice we find rhrv ; m m,J Vcrimer, a Branch of the old Britijb Stem, reftored the of their naval Affairs, 7 and to Fleet, and defeated the Saxons, near the Ifle of Thant, in Conftnrclion deidfed hv thr“ Alfred began his Reign 'over them. However, this wife and magnanimous Prince prefently infilled new Spirits and better Hopes into his bleeding Subjefis. He reprefented to them the Iniquity of thofe Councils in former Remm which ^ T -»nri r* o --i _, J INTRODUCTIOJS Upon the Death of Swain, his fon Canute was recog- his Head. The Duke of ed his Succefior by the Danes fettled in England: But merous Army of Nornu \ Saxons recalled Etbelreld. Thus the Kingdom was di- Bretons , on board a prodi< led between thefe two, and 4 continued fo till the Death which, upon his landing Edmund Ironftde^ Etbelred's Succefior, in the Year 1016, Prjenfey in Suffix, he ord Vi 1 JSt T R 6 D cumftatlces and advantageous Situation. Now could it ever have been pofiible for their Sovereigns to maintain and mann a continual Fleet, which at certain Periods far exceeded the Numbers of Ships in the Navy of later Princes, had there not at the fame Time been carried on anextenfive Commerce by Shipping? the only and curctml Method of training up a Generation of good and able Sea¬ men, for the national Service. Thus I have traced through the dark Ages of Hiftory, the molt material Accounts of the naval Affairs, from the earlieft Times among the native Britons of this Ifland, to The SOVEREIGNTY of tht They that have infilled upon an abfolute,- unlimited, and exclufive Right to the Sovereignty of the Britijb Seas, firft fettle the Bounds of thofe Seas in this Manner: The eallera and fouthern Coalls'of Britain are walked by the German Ocean, and that which Ptolemy calls particularly the Britifa Sea, and which according to Mila, in his Trea- tife ds Situ Orlis , lib. II. cap. 3, reaches, as far as the northern Cosll of Spain . And the Arabian Geographer (Clim. 4. part 1.) fays. Towards the North, Andalujia, by which Name the Arabians comprehend all Spain, is walhed with th nEnglijb Sea ; adding, there are nine Stages from Toledo to St. James’s, which Place he fays (Clim. 5. part, t.) is fituated on a Promontory of the Englijb Sea. St. James’s is a Town in the Province of Galicia. On the well Side of Britain lies the Vergroian Sea, which, where it wafiies the Coaft of' Scotland, takes from thence the Name of the Deucaledonian Sea: Of this Vergkoian Sea, the Irijb, or Sr. Georges, Channel, is a Part. Upon the north of Britain flows the Caledonian Sea, in which are fi- tuate the Orcades. Thus the Britijb Sea, or the Channel lying between England and Prance, the Vergroian, the Dcu- caleiotnan, and the Caledonian Seas, arc properly called the Britijb Seas, and as luch are fubjeS to the Britijb Empire. Then they quote the Authority of Hugo Grotius : “ The “ bare Poffefiion of the Shore is not fufficient to intitle “ any People to a Right to the adjoining Sea: Nor is it “ enough for a Prince to imagine, or write himfelf Lord “ of the Sea, without proclaiming himfelf by fome Ovcrt- “ Act to be fo.” And argue from thence in this Form: By this he certainly means, that it is not from a bare Oc¬ cupation or Poflefikm of the neighbouring Land, but from an actual and peculiar Ufe and"Enjoyment of the Sea itfclf, and exerting all the Fun&ions of a Sovereign upon it; fuch as prel'cribing Rules of Navigation to thofe that frequent it, punilhing Delinquents, protecting of others, and receiving from all that Homage and Advantage due to every lawful Sovereign, that fufficient Arguments can be derived for proving a lawful Title to the Dominion of it. Now, if wc make it appear, that the Pofiefiion of the Bri¬ tijb Sea was at firft acquired, and ever fmcc afierted, in the very Manner fpecified by that Author, though he wrote againft it, we hope there will be no Room for Objeftion, by which the Argument can be invalidated. Before we proceed further, it may be proper to obferve, that the Extent of the Britijb Dominions in the Eaftern and Southern Seas was fettled by a Treaty concluded in the Year 1674, between King Charles II. and the States- Gcnera !; by which it was to reach from the Middle-point of the Land Varf.aten in Hortsay, to Cape Finijlerre. The Dominion of the Sea intitles the lawful Poffefibrs to the fix following Prerogatives. (10 The Royalty of granting thelibeftynf Billing for Pearl, Coral, Amber, and all other fuch precious Commodities. (2.) To grant Licences to filh for \Vf12le, Sturgeon, Pil¬ chard, Salmon, Herring, and all other Sorts of Filh whatfo- cver, as is ufual in Spain, Portugal , and feveral other Places. (3.) To impofe. Tribute and Cuftom on 2II Merchants Ships, and Filhermen filhing and trading within the Li¬ mits of the Sea that is (objected to any particular Dominion. (4-) The regular Execution of Juftice for proteSing the Innocent, and punilh'ing the Guilty for all Crimes com¬ mitted within the Extent of fuch Sea Dominions. introduction. Ti ftm i Goods funk, with a Cork or Buoy tied to them, to direft to the Place, are called Lagan or Ligan: All thefe Goods, if the Ship pefilhes, and no Owner can be proved, belong to the King in Right of his Crown, as Treafure Trove and EJlraii at Land do; and all Dereiifts, whofe Property is loft, the Law adjudges them to the Kino, as Owner Paramount. Alfo royal Fifties, as Whales, Sturgeons, Isc. taken bv the King’s Subjefts on the Seas of England, appertain to the King by his Prerogative Thus fat 1 '- j~.~~.~a - -i-- N "i"" were bn purpofe to prevent fuch a Conllruftion, ’tis eir prefly faid to be a Refpea. The Words of the Treaty 1(173, are thefe: “ In Acknowledgment of the King of “ Great-Britaiid s Right to have his Flag rdpedted, They; “ i. e. the Dutch, fhall ftrike their Flag, and lower their “ Topfail, in the fame Manner, and with,the fame Re- “ fpeft, as hath at any Time, or in any Place, been for- “ merly praftifed.” ’Tis true, it has been offered at, to make this Refpeft pafs into an Acknowledgment of Sove¬ reignty, but it was but an Offer, and fo vaniftied ; of Sea Dominion, neither extending it to impeach the free the Projeft or Concept of 27 Articles, delivered in the Navigation and Commerce of peaceable Traders due to Year 1653, by the then Engiijh Commiffioners to the Dutch them of natural Right, and by the Law of Nations, not- Ambaffadors, in the 15th Article it was thus propofed: withftanding fuch Dominion: Nor yet making it a verbal “ That the Dutch Ships, both Men of War, and Mer- Notion only conlifting in Words and Forms of Speech, “ chants, (befides ftriking the Flag) fliould fuffer them- ■without any real Fruit and Effeft; but have inftanced in “ felves to be vifited, if required, and fhould perform all three weighty Things, as the infeparable Incidents of it. “ due Offices of Honour and Acknowledgment to Eng- I fhould now proceed to the Matter of Facl; but foraf- « laud, to whom the Dominion and Sovereignty of the much as fome without Examination take it for granted; “ Britijh Seas of Right appertained.” But this Article that the accuftomed Salutation at Sea by the Flag and was rejefted by the Dutch , as were feveral other Propofals Topfail, is an Aft of Recognition and Acknowledgment of a high Nature; for it was then urg’d, and for fome of the fovereign Dominion of the Sea inherent in that Time infilled on, that there (hould be a Coalition of Eng- Prince, to whom fuch Salutation is performed, I ilmll exa- land, and the United Provinces, into one and the fame Re¬ mine this in the firft Place. publick; not an Union only, but an Adunation •, not A' The Salutation at Sea ly the Fla 0 and Topsail. mere Coition into a drifter Bond and League of Friend- The Salutation at Sea by the Flag and Topfail, was ne- /hip, but a Coalition of both into one Government. But ver covenanted in any publick Treaties, betwixt England this was rejefted too, as impracticable, and other Nations, but in tliofe with the United Netherlands If the Queftion were only concerning the’Antiquity of ~ - praftifed amongll only. And never in any of them till the Year 1654. this Ceremony, how long it has been praftiled .. „ And I am inclinable to believe, that there were particular thefe European Nations, (for it had a Time when it firft Reafons, why it was then covenanted ; partly, becaufe at began, and it does not obtain univerfally) we have a Re- chat Time the royal Dignity of England was debafed and cord in our Admiralty; which would be pertinent to this difguifed under the oblcurer Name of a Protectorate; and Purpofe. It is that Edift or Proclamation, publilhed by they who had not refufed it to an anciently crowned Head, King John [A. D. 1200.) at Hajlings in Sujfex, in the fe- And partly, becaUfe that War began upon a Difpute for is tranferibed by IV the Honour of tf ’ - r “ : - ' r -'~ ' *’ r ' Caufe of the War, ■whilft Blake was at Dover Road with the Engiijh Fleet, “ the Command of the King’s Lieutenant or Admira.. Trump with double the Number of Ships, but not equal “ of his Lieutenant, then to be compelled to do it by in Goodnefs, ftood over from the Coaft of Calais, direftly “ fighting them, and, if taken, their Ships and Goods to towards him, and came up clofe with him, with his Flag “ be cbnfifcated as may be feen more at large In the aloft; Jacks and Pendants flying; and all the Bravery he ' Place noted in the MarginBut the Proclamation fays not; could difplay. {A.D.May 1652.) Blake was too flout to that this lowering their Sails was to be done, as an Ac- brook the Affront, and fo in plain Engiijh the two Generals knoivledgment of the King’s Dominion in the weftern fell together by the Ears, neither of them knowing how Channel, to which Sea it efpecially relates; and yet none foon he might be called to a fevere Account by his Supe- could have better required it than King John, for he was’ riors, for what he had done. But they juftified themfelves. at that Time in actual Poffeffion, both of England and by calling the Blame one upon the other; and thus the Ser- Normandy, and confequently was aftual Lord of both vants Quarrel foon became the Mailers, and both Nations Shores, and might have reckoned the Channel as an Ap- engaged in a fierce War ; which ended in 1654, and in pendant and AcceflTon to the Land, and to have followed the 13th Article of the Treaty of Peace then concluded, to it as the Acceffory does the Principal; as he is Lord of prevent the like Difpiites for the future; it was covenanted, the intermediate River, who is Lord of both the Banks. ” f '’ ~ c "he United' Provinces, as well thofe But as this Proclamation exprefles no filch Thing, fo nei- in the Bri- ther does the penning of it lecm to inclin’e that Way: For ■ -" s not Ships of War, who, as fuch, ought the “ fitted for War, as others, which (hould “ tijh Seas any the Ships of War of England, (hould ftrike “ their Flag, and lower their Topfail, in fuch Manner; as rather to be oblig ' any Time praftifed before, under any former being mod likely a — _,_ifpute it; but only Ships laden or un- i.iMi.t, that this was laden, Nefs ou Veffeaulit charges ou voids, referring to Merc by Covenant, which chants and Traders, be their Ships light or freighted ; and 1 not fo clear in that thefe Merchant-men are to do it, not at the Command of n the Foot of Cour- every Body, but, an Commandement dll Lieutenant dll Roy, confirmed by a ou d’ Admiral du Roy, ou fin Lieutenant, at the Command prejudicial to England, to take that they held before by Prefcription, I an Opinion. For what ftood before upo tely, or of Cuftom at the bed, wa: fupervening Contraft, and paffed into a national Law, of the King’s Lieutenant' or the King’s Admi founded upon mutual Confent. And from the Treaty in Lieutenant, intimating a perfonal Refpecl due to their Rank 1654, it paffed into that made at Wejlminjler by his then and Quality, efpecially from Ample Traders. Majefty in 1662 ;.and from thence, into that made at Breda However, ’tis certain, rhac this honorary Refpeft or in 1667, in which, as in the former, the Flag and Top- Civility, call it what you will; is no natural Exprcffion of fail are exprefty covenanted for in tile Britifi Seas. But by a Subjection to a Sovereign ; for ’tis not founded in Na- a later Treaty, viz. 1673, inftead of the Britijh Seas, there ture, but in Inllitution; and is a Praftice peculiar to the is an Enlargement to the Seas, betwixt Cape Finifierre, to weftern Nations ; and the Modes of Refpeft are fo various the middle Point of the Land Van Staten in Norway. in different Countries, that what in one is a Civility; in an- Here ’tis to be obferved, that in the forementioned other is a Rudenefs. And as it is no natural Expreftion of Treatife the Salutation by the Flag and Topfail is no where Subjeftion, fo neither is it a neceffary one; as if it mull faid to be an Acknowledgment of the Sovereignty of the neceffarily fignify that or nothing; for lowering the Flag; Crown of England, in and over the Briti/h Seas, nor fo or Sails, is but like uncovering the Head, by vailing the much as intimated or implied; but on the contrary, as’it the Hat or Bonnetr, which, amongll us, is ufed as a Token * Co. Rep. 7. Cafe de Swam, f. 16. # b Mar. Chuf. lib. H. cap. 2 6. « *Tis fo called in the Journal of King Edw. 6. wrote with his he Flemings Men of War. would have paffed our Ships without vailing Bonnet, which they feeing, lhot at theitf, lpf '* ~fK. Edw. Journal; in the 2 d Part of Dr. Burneu Hah of Reform. INTRODUCTION. dmiralty of the North, i. e. from the Mamcr-mouth “ fclvcs principally bound to advance, before wards, the following Rates : “ Refpefts: So finding that our Continuance To take of every Ship, going and coming upon that “ not only given Occafion of over-great En INTRODUCTION XlK and not to kill any Perfon belonging to fuch Ship in cold ccuting that Office for the Time being, are fupreme iri this Blood or to treat them otherwife than according to Cuftom Court. Under them are a Depucy-judge (ufually a Doftor fuch Cafes. of the Civil La "0 two Reg‘ft«s» Advocates, Proctors; and a V They are forbid to attempt or do any Thing againfl: Marthal. The Judge is conftituted by theKing’s Letters Pa- the true Meaning of any Article, Treaty, or Treaties* de- tents* and' holds his Place, quota dm ft hnegejfent; t. e. dur- gending between the Crown of Great-Britain and its Allies, mg good Behaviour. or againfl: the Subjefts of fuch Allies. This is not • efteemed a Court of Record* the Lawyers VI. It is declared lawful for the Captors, after Condem- fay, becaufe it proceeds by the Civil Law, the Judge hav- nation to fell or difpofe of fuch Prizes, with the Goods and ing no Power to take fuch a Recognizance as a Court of Merchandizes on board them, fuch only excepted, as by Record may: yet it is thought this Court may hue and Aft of Parliament ought to be depofited for Exportation. imprifon tor a Contempt in the Face of thd Court; ■ The VII. They are required .to aid and affift any Ship or Procefs and Proceedings are in the Name ot the Lord High Veffel'of his Maiefty’s Subjefts, that may be attacked by Admiral* and by Libel: the Plaintiff and Defendant enter the Enemy . into a Stipulation, or Bail* by a kind of Recognizance, for VIII. Such Perfons who fhail ferve on board Merchant- Appearance, and to abide the Sentence. fhips, with Commiffions of Marque, or Reprifal, are in no This Court is generally ruled by the Civil Law, and wife to be reputed or challenged as Offenders againfl: the the maritime Laws of Olerm. It has Power to determine Laws of the Land. all maritime Caufes arifing wholly upon the Sea, out of IX. The Merchants, or others* before their taking out the Jurifdiftion of a County. fuch Commiffions, are to deliver in Writing, under their The Jurifdiftion of the Admiral, or of the Commiflion- Hands, to the Lord High-admiral, or to the Commiffioners ers for executing that Office, is declared by feveral Sta- for executing that Office, or to the Lieutenant* or Judge* tutes, which cannot be difpenfed with by any nan obfantCi of the High-court of Admiralty* an Account of the Name becaufe all the King’s Subjefts. have an Intereil in the Ju- and Burden of the Ship, with the Captain and Owner’s rifdiftion of the Admiralty. ■ Names, her Number of Gur.s and Men, and for how It time Ihe is victualled. X. The Commanders of fuch Ships are to hold a com ftant Correfpondence with the Secretary of the Admiralty, and to give an Account of the Defigns and Motions of the Enemy’s Ships, as far as they can difcover, or be informed « craft, or thereof, as alfo of- their Merchant-fhips and Vefiels, and “ either by XI. They are reftrained from wearing the King’s Co¬ lours, commonly called the Union Jack, and Pendant; but, befides the Colours borne by Merchant-lhips, they are allowed to wear a Pendant, together with a red Jack, .with the Union Jack deferibed in a Canton, at the upper Corner thereof, next the Staff. • XII, They are required, upon due Notice given them, to obftrve all fuch other Orders and Inftruftions as his Ma- jefty lhall think fit to direft. XIII. It is alfo further declared, that thofe who violate thefe Inftruftions lhall be feverely punilhed, and be obliged to make full Reparation to Perfons injured. XIV. Before Letters of Marque, orReprizal, are iffued,' it is required that Bail be given in the High Court of Ad¬ miralty, before the Judge thereof, in the Sum of 3000/. if the Ship carries about 150 Tons ; and, if a le’fler Num¬ ber, 1500 /. to make good any Damages that lhall be done contrary to the Intent and true Meaning of their Inftruftions and (in cafe the Whole of the Prizes is not given to the Cap- appointed by Commiffion, whofe Sentence is final. By the 13th Richard II. chap. 5. “ The Admirals and their Deputies (hall not meddle with any Thing done within the Realm ; but only with Things done upon the Sea.” By the 15th Richard II. chap. 3. “ The Court of Admiralty has no manner of Cognizance of any Con- " iy other Thing, done within the County, _ _and or Water, nor of Wreck of the Sea: but of Death of Man, or of Mayheim* done in great Ships, being and hovering in the main Stream of great Rivers only, beneath the Points of the fame Rivers, the Admirals lhall have Cognizance. And alfo to arrefl: Ships in great Fleets, for the Voyages of the King and Kingdom ; and (hall alfo have Jurifdiftion in fuch Fleets during fuch Voyage.” By the 2d Henry IV. chap. 2. e 13 th Richard II. chap. 5. is confirmed; and “ the Party grieved againfl: the Form of that Statute lhall (by Aftion upon his Cafe) recover double Damages againfl: the Profecutor in the Admiralty, and the Profecutor lhall alfo forfeit 10 1. to the King.” By the 5th of Eli- ibetb, chap. 5. p. 30. “ The Offences before-mentioned, which hereafter lhall be done upon the main Sea, or Coaft of the Sea, being no Part of the Body of any County, and without the Jurifdiftion of the Cinque Ports, and out of any Haven, or Pier, lhall be cried and determined'before the Admiral.” Appeals from the Admiralty are to a Court of Delegates’, of the Prizes, Goods, and Merchandizes, accordin fame lhall be appraifed, as alfo fuch Cuftoms as due to the Crown. His prefent molt gracious George II. was pleafed to give up, during the lai thele royal Advantages, which his Prerogativ erfon as From inferior Admiralty-courts, the Appeals lie to the ith Parc Lord High Admiral b , or Lords Commiffioners of the as the Admiralty, in this Court: but the Warden of the Cinque rail be Ports is fupreme Admiral within his own Jurifdiftion. Pi- lajefty racies and Felonies, committed within the Admiral’s Jurif- War, diftion =, may be tried at Sea, or on Land, according to the Court of the Admiralty. 3, for the Benefit of the Britijh Seamen of The Admiralty, on the entering into a War, give reftions to the Navy and Viftualling-Offices, for the u ting ready and victualling fuch Ships and Vefiels as, by Report of the Commiffioners to their Lordlhips, _ in actual Service and Pay aboard his Majefty’s ■ Ships of War d , committing any Crimes upon the Shore Di-. in foreign Parts, may be tried and punilhed for the fame, ;et- as if the Offences had been committed on the main Sea % or on board any Ships or Vefiels of War. ... - c -, - Within the Cognizance of this Jurifdiftion are all Affairs or Service, and to rebuild or repair the reft, as they that particularly concern the Lord High Admiral, or any direft, and to contraft with Mafter-builders in the Mer- of his Officers, as fuch; all Matters relating to the Navies chants Yards for fuch Purpofes, £*. but it is to be ob- of the Kingdom, the Vefiels of Trade, and the Owners ferved, that nothing of Importance can be done, or any thereof, as fuch ; all Affairs relating to Mariners, whether Contrafts made, by fuch inferior Officers, without a Re- Ship-officers or common Seamen, their Rights and Privi- port by them firft delivered in, and an Order thereupon leges refpeftively ; their Office and Duty ; their Wages; obtained from the High-admiral, or from the Commif- their Offences, whether by Wilfulnefs, Cafualty, Ignorance, fioners, who have before them a Lift of all the Navy-Ihips Negligence, or Infufficiency, with their Punilhments : alfo and Vefiels fit for Service, or otherwife, with their Rates, all Affairs of Commanders at Sea, and their under Officers, Tunnage, Complement of Men, and Guns. with their refpeftive Duties, Privileges, Immunities, Of¬ fences, and Punilhments. In like manner, all Matters that concern Owners and Proprietors of Ships, as fuch ; and . all Matters, Pilots, Steerfmen, Boatfwains, and other Of- and to have three Ruffles given them. “ That Rear-admirals have the fame Refpefts as Ma- jors-general ; which is, to have two Ruffles, and not “ to be faluted by any Officer. “ That Commodores with broad Pendants have the “ lame Refpefts as Brigadiers-general; which is, to have “ one Ruffle. Given at our Court at Kenfmgton, the 27th “ Day of June 1 734, in the eighth Year of our Reign. *■ By Majejly's Command, “ William Strickland.” Of Colours. 1. Flag-officers, and Captains,' are ftriftly forbidden to wear any other Flag or Pendant, than what belongs to their proper Rank. & 2. R any Officer, wearing a Flag or broad Pendant, lhall happen to be flam m Fight with the Enemy, th? faid ie faluted by all the Officers, the Colours excepted. “ That Vice-admirals have the fame Refpefts as Lieu- ‘ tenants-general of Horfe or Foot; that is, upor ’ Flag or Pendant (hall nevcrthelefs Continue flying, and not be taken in, whilft the Enemy is in Sight; hut the Admi¬ ral; who commands in Chief, as alfd the Flag-officer, tti whole Squadron or DiviGon he belonged, flluil immedi¬ ately be acquainted with it; and if it be the Commander in Chief wiio is killed, the next commanding Officer is to be forthwith informed of it, who fliall immediately repair on-board the Ship of the deceafed Commander, and give the necefiary Orders, leaving his Flag, or broad Pendant; flying in his own Ship. 3. For tlie better Diftinftion of Flag-officers palling in their Boats, the following Regulation is. to be oblerved ; the Admiral of the Fleet, the Admirals of the White and Blue, and the Vice-admiral of the Red, may carry their proper Flags ar the Head of their Boats, when they think proper ; but there fliall be in the other Flags the following Diftinftion, viz. a white Ball in the Flag of the Rear-ad¬ miral of the Red; a blue Ball in the Flag of the Vice of the White; and two blue Balls in the Flag of the Rear of the White; a white Ball in the Flag of the Vice of the Blue, and two white Balls in the Flag of the Rear of the Blue: The faid Balls to be in a Canton, at the upper Corner of the Flag, next the Staff. 4. Mcrchant-ihips are to wear a red Enfign, with the Union-jack in a Canton at the upper End next the Stall'; and a white Jack, with a red Crofs, commonly called St. George's-Crofs , palling quite through the fame. " 5. Ships having private Commiffions, or Letters of Mart or Rcprizals, ate to wear the fame Enfign as Mer¬ chant Ships ; and a red Jack, with the Union-jack in a Canton, at the upper Corner next the Staff. 6. Ships or Veffels in the Service of any publick Office,- are to wear the fame Enfign and Jack as Ships having Let¬ ters of Marc, only that in the Body of the Jack or Enfign, fhall be iikewife deferibed the Seal of the Office they belong to. And all Ships wearing prohibited Colours lhall be pro¬ ceeded againft in the Admiralty-court. 7. The Commanders of his Majelly’s Ships are not to fulfer any forcigri-Ships to ride in any of his Ports or Roads with fail'e Colours; and if they perfift therein, after being admonifhed, they are to put the faid Ships under Arreft; and lend an Account thereof to the Secretary of the Ad- Rules to be obferved in tie Appointment of Officers in foreign Parts. 1. Commanders in Chief not to appoint Officers in the Channel. 2. Nor to prefer any to be Lielitenaiits iri foreign Parts; but fuch as have palled their Examination ; which if they have not already done at the Navy-OJfice, they may autho¬ rize any three of their principal Commanders to examine them; and if it fhall appear, by their Certificates; that they have fetved fix Years at Sea, and have been rated two of the faid fixYears as Midfhipmen, or Mates, in fome of his Majefty’s Ships, and that they do produce regular Journals and good Certificates from the Commanders they have ferved with, and are in all Refpefts qualified for that Employment; and not under twenty Years of Age, they may prefer them, and not othenvife, taking Care to fend the faid Certificates of Examination to the Secretary of the Admiralty, to be depofited in that Office. 3. Commanders in Chief may appoint fuch of their Officers as may happen to be Members of Trinity-Htmfe ; or, if there be none, fuch of their Commanders or Matters, as they think proper to examine Matters, or their Mates, or others, applying for the Employment of Matters; and according to their Certificates, may promote them to any Vacancies in the Voyage; but, after their Return home; they are to be re-examined before the Corporation of Tri- nity-Houfe, and fliall not be employed again, without their Certificates of Approbation ; but in cafe there are fecond Matters on-board any of the Ships of the Squadron; they arc firft to be provided for according to their Senio¬ rity and Qualification, before any new one is made; and no other fecond Matters are to be created in their Room. 4. Surgeons, and their Mates, are to be examined by fome of the,principal Surgeons of the Fleet or Squadron, if they have not already patted their Examination at Saf* i gems* XXXIV 1 N T R 0 D by himfclf and the figning Officers, to the Navy-board, ir order to their paying them two Months Wages. 5. But if, at the End of the faid fix Months, the Ship £ba!I be on the Coaft of Ireland, or in foreign Parts, the Captain Ihall then mufter his Company, and ftt down in L ; fts as aforefaid, the Names of luch inferior Officers and Seamen only, who (hall dcfire to have two Months Wages paid in Lend™ to their Attorneys, and fend the fame home, by the nrft lafe Opportunity, to the Navy-board. 6. When the Ship Hull have been twelve Months in Sea-pay, the Captain is to make out other Pay-lifts as aforelaid, of the Names of the inferior Officers and Sea¬ men belonging to the Ship under his Command, and tranf- mit the fame to the Navy-board, and fo from Time to Time to obferve to do the fame at the End of every enfu- ing fix Months, until the Ship fhall be finally paid off. 7- As to the Term, inferior Officers, the Captain is to take Natice, that the fame does not include any Commif- fion Officer, nor any Warrant Officer, except the fecond Mailer, Surgeon’s Mates, Cook, Armourer, Gunfmirh, Scnoolmaftcr, Mailer at Arms, Corpora!, and Saii-maker. S. But notwithftanding what is before directed, for the making out Pay-lifts, at the End of every fix Months, for the inferior Officers and Seamen only, in order to their being paid two Months Wages, yet if it fhall fo happen, that at the End of eighteen Months, the Ship fhall be in any Port of Great-Britain, or on the Coalts of the fame, the Captain fhall then make out Pay-books for twelve Months, containing the Names of 2II the Officers and Sea¬ men of the Ship, and tranfmit the fame to the Navy-board, it being directed by the A cl, that the whole Company ihalJ then receive twelve Months Pay, including what may have been advanced. 9. The Captain is to make out the like Pay-books every Time that the Ship fhall have been eighteen Months in Sea-pay, beyond the Time fhe has been cleared to, in order to the Officers and Company being paid twelve Months Wages again, as before. 10. The Captain is to take Care, when any inferior Of¬ ficers or Voluntier Seamen are turned over into the Ship under his Command from any other Ship, not to rate them on the Ship’s-books in a worfe Quality, or lower Degree or Station, than they ferved in the Ship they were removed from; and for his Guidance, be is to demand from the Commander of the Ship from which they are turned over, 2 Lift under his Hand of their Names and Qualities. He is to fend Lifts of rhe faid Men to the Navy-board, in order to their receiving two Months Wages Advance, before the Ship proceeds to Sea. But if there be more inferior Officers than the Eftablilhment of the Ship allows, he is immediately to acquaint the Secretary of the Admiralty therewith. 11. When a Captain is ordered to turn over any infe¬ rior Officers or Voluntier Seamen from the Ship under his Command into 2ny other of his Majefty’s Ships, he is to fend alfo complete Pay-lifts to the Navy board. 12. If any Ship is by Accident cfifiibled from going to Sea, and her whole Company is removed into another Ship, the fame is not to be taken to be a Turning-over, within the Meaning of the Act. 13. If any Seamen who fhall ferve his Majefty volunta¬ rily, can at 2r.y Time get better Preferment in any other of his Majefty’s Ships, the Captain he ferves with is here¬ by required to difeharge him to the Captain defiring him, upon the faid Captain’s giving him a good Man in His 14. No Letters of Attorney made to empower Perfons to receive Wages, are valid, unleis they be* made revoca¬ ble, and figned before, and attefted by the Captain or Commander, and one other of the figning Officers of the Ship to which they belong; or by the Clerk of the Cheque of fome of the Deck-Yards; or by the Mayor, or chief Magi ft rare of fome Corporation. 15. The Captain is to difeourage the Seamen of his Ship from felling any Part of their Wages, and never to atreft to the Letter of Attorney of any Seaman, until he is fully finished that the fame is not granted in Confider2tion of Money given for the Purchafe of his Wages. U C 7 l 0 Zf. 16. When any inferior Officer or Seaman dies, the Cap' tain is forthwith to make out a Ticket for the Time of his Service, and fend the fame, by the firft fafe Convey¬ ance, to the Navy-board, in order to the Wages being forthwith paid to the Executors or Adminiftrators of the 17. When any of his Majefty’s Ships are in foreign Parts, and his Majefty’s Governors, Minifters, or Con- fuls, or any two or more Britijb Merchants, ihall apply to the Captain to receive any Seafaring Men or Boys, Sub- je&s of Great-Britain or Ireland, who Ihall, by Shipwreck, thole Parts, he is to receive them on-board, and to bear fitch as come within his Complement for Wages and Vidlu- als, and the reft for Victuals only: He is ftriclly charged, upon his meeting with any of his Majefty’s Ships, to in¬ form himfelf from the Captain, if fhe is fhort of her Com¬ plement, and to put as many of his Supernumeraries on- tinue to do the the fame, until they are all difpofed of; but if he fhall not meet with any of his Majefty’s Ships, he is then to difeharge and let alhore the laid Supernumera¬ ries at any Port in Great-Britain, that he Ihall be bound to. Rules for tbe Cure of sick or hurt Seamen on-boari their ovm Ships. 1. A convenient Place fhall be fet apart for fick or hurt Men, to be removed with their Hammacoes and Bedding, when the Surgeon fhall advife the fame to be neceffary. And fome of the Crew (hall be appointed to attend and ferve them, and to keep tile Place clean. The Cooper fhall make Buckets with Covers, and Cradles if neceffary for their Ufa. 2. All Ships of War, furnifhed with Fiihing-tackie, being in fuch Places where Filh is to be had, the Captain is to employ fome of the Company in Fifhing, to be di- ftributed daily to fuch Perfons as are fick, or upon Reco¬ very’ ; and the Surplus, by Turns amongft the Meffcs of the Officers and Seamen, withouc Favour or Partiality, and gratis, without any Deduction of their Allowance of Provifions on that Account. Rules to he olferved in fending sick or hurt Seamen out of bis Majesty’s Ships for Cure. 1. None are to be fent into the Hofpitals, cither attend¬ ing the Fleet, or afhore, but whofe Diftempers or Hurts are fuch, as may make it inconvenient to have them kept on-board their .own Ships. 2. When any Men are ordered into the Hofpitals afhore, their Cloaths and Bedding are to be fent along with them, together with a Ticket diredted to the Agent, expreffing their Names, Entry, and Numbers on the Ship’s Books, with the Quality of their Difeafe or Hurt; which Ticket is to be figned by the Captain, Surgeon, and other figning Officers of the Ship. 3. The Captain may order them Slops, if needful; 4. And is to take Care to fend them afhore under .the Charge of a diferect Officer, accompanied by the Surgeon or one of his Mates; and thofe Officers are to fee them fafely conveyed to the Hofpital, with proper Carriages, or otherwife, at the Expence of the Hofpital. 5. The Captain is to fend a Commiffion-officer to the Hofpital twice a Week (on the Mufter Days) with a Boar, to receive fuch of his own Men from the Agent, as may be recovered. And he fhall likewife receive fuch other recovered Men (whofe Ships are not in the Way) as the Agent fhall defire, unlefs any appear to be unfit for Ser¬ vice ; in which Cafe, he is to give a Certificate thereof to the Agent, for his Juftification. 6. He is likewife to receive fuch recovered Men, as an Agent of the Sick and Wounded fhall fend to him. 7. If the Captain, who receives recovered Men belong¬ ing to another Ship, ihall meet with that Ship, he fhall return them to their own Ship, bearing them only for Viflualss but if their proper Ship fhall at that Time have . her full Complement of Men, he is then to enter them as Part of his own Ship’s Company, if he be in Want of Men, or otherwife difpofe of them to fuch of his Majefty’s Ships introduction. XXXVI Cafe, the Captain cr Commanding-officer fhali firft caufe 2. Seamen may have Slops as far as a Month’s Wages, the fame to be iurveyed by the proper Officers. in Time of Prefs. 16. The Captain is frequently to order the proper Offi- 3. None are to receive a fecond Supply, until they cers to infpcct into the Condition of the Provifions, efpc- Jhall have ferved full two Months, and then not to above daily in foreign Voyages, and if the Bread proves damp, the Value of ten Shillings, whether it be in Slops or Bed- to have it aired upon the Quarter-deck or Poop ; and alfo ding and fo in Proportion every two Months ten Shillings to examine the Fleffi-cafk; and if any Pickle be leaked more, if they fhall want NecciVaries, to the End of the out, ro have new made and put in, and the Calk made Voyage. tight and fecure. 4. All Slop-cloaths, Dead-mens Cloaths, and Bedding, 17. If the Purfcr of a Ship fhall have fupplied the Pur- are to be ifiued out to the Men publicity upon Deck, in fer of another Ship at Sea v.-ith Provifions, the Captain’s the Prefence of the Officers and Company. Order fhall be fufficicnt Warrant to the Agent, at the next 5. The Captain is to take Care to note upon his Mufter Port the Ship fhall put into, to fupply him with the like and Pay-books the Value of the Cloaths or Bedding every Quantity, upon producing the faid Order and Receipt. Man fhall have been lupplied with ; and likewife to keep iS. When any of his Majefty’s Ships fhall come into a feparate Slop-book; and before the Payment of the Ship, Pert, either at Home or Abroad, where there is an Officer or on his Removal, he is to fend the faid Book to the of the Victualling, they fhall be fupplied two Days in the Comptroller of the Navy, fjgned under his own Hand, Week with Frefh-beef or Mutton, one Day in lieu of and alio by the Mafter, Boatlwain, and Purfer, or any two Salt-beef, and the other in lieu of Salt-pork, when it can of them. be conveniently done, for which the Captains are to fend 6. Upon the Difcharge of any Man by Ticket, the their Boats. And it is ro be obferved. That three Pounds Captain is to take Care that there be noted on the Ticket, or Mutton are to be accounted equal to a four Pound Piece in Words, the Value of the Cloaths he lias been fupplied of Beef, or to a two Pound Piece of Pork with Pcafe. with. 19. When any Prizes fhall be taken from an Enemy in 7. In cafe the Neceflitics of the Men fliall require the foreign Parts, aud it fhall be judged necehary by the Com- Buying of Cloaths in foreign Parts, the Captain is to fee mandcr in Chief to fupply the Wants of his Majcfty’s Ships that they be as near the Kinds ufed in the Navy as poffible, out of their ProtiGons, the fame fliall be firft regularly and that moderate Rates be fet upon them. He is to fend, furveyed, and fuch Quantities thereof as fhall be found by the firft Opportunity, an Iffvoyce of the faid Goods, good in their Kind, may be ifiued to the Purfcrs, and they with the Prices, to the Navy-board, and to charge them be charged therewith. diflinctly in his Books, as he does the other Slops, under the Head of the Perfon fupplying them. 8. Contractors for Slops are to allow to the Purfer Twelve-pence in the Pound, for his Pains in keeping and 1. When Money is ordered for the Payment of Short- ifiuing out their Cloaths, and managing their Accounts, allowance, cr the Ship comes into Port to be laid up, the 9. The Purfer, or other Officer entrufted, fhall enter Captain, with the Afiiftance of the Purfer, is to caufe three into Bond to the Contractors for the faithful Difcharge of Lifts to be made out, with an Alphabet thereto, containing his Truft, and at the End of the Voyage, 3nd before the the Names of the Officers and Seamen belonging to the Ship, Payment of the Ship, to render them a juft Account of the within the Time of Short-ailowance ; and, after comparing Goods committed to his Charge ; and he is not to receive the lame with the Mufter and Sick-books, and being farisfied the Payment of his Wages, without Certificates from them, that they agree together, he is to fend them, figned Dy him- of their having no Claims upon him. lelfjthc Purfer, Mafter, and Boatfwain, to the Commiffioners 10. Bedding being furniffied by his Majefty, the Cap- of the Victualling, or to their Officer appointed to pay tain muft demand no more Beds than he forelees will pro- the fame. , bably be ifiued. 2. ‘But if the Ship is in foreign Parts, where there is no 11. When any one dies aboard, his Cloaths and other Of the Payment cf Short Agent-victualler, the Captain fhall caufe the faid Lifts 1 be made out every three Months, and duly examined and figned; and, after calling the Sums, due to thofe only re then belonging to the Ship, into Money, he * _ the Ship may be fold by Auiftion, for ti_._ the Executors or Adminiftrators of the Deceafed. The Purfer is to be allowed Twelve-pence in the Pound for his Pains, who is to give the Executors or Adminiftrators " prclent the Lid Lifts to die Commander in Chief, or fenior the Deceafed a particular Account of the Cloaths fold, and Captain, who fhall give his Warrant to the Purler to take to whom, £?r. in order to its being examined and certified up fo much Money as the Total fhall amount to, upon from the Pay-books, for Payment. the beft Exchange, and draw Bills upon the Commiffioners 12. No Seaman fhall be permitted to bid for dead Of- of the Vi&ualling for the lame. ficers Cloaths that are above their Wear, or be fuffered to 3. The Commander in Chief is £0 atteft Bills, and comp- bid for any Effects beyond their real Value, according to troll the Payment. the Judgment of the Mafter and Purfer, who fhall be 4. If there be 2 Surplus of Money, it is to go to the prefent *, nor to purchafe more than the Wages due to next Payment. them can anfwer, agreeable to the Allowance of Slop- 5. The Captain is to do as the Commander in Chief, cloaths. if alone. 13. Upon the Death or Removal of a Purfer, a Survey 6. The Purfer is, by the firft Opportunity after a Fay- is to be taken by the fame Officers who furvey the Pro- menr, to tranfmit Hcpie to the Commiffioners of the vifions and Stores, of the Slops, Dead-mens Cloaths, and Victualling one of the Lifts,, and another by the next fafe Bedding that remained in his Hands, which are to be de- Conveyance. ^Jivered over to the fucceeding Purfer by Inventory, in which 7. All Money paid to Seamen in foreign Coin for Short- are to be diftinguifhed fuch as are damaged and unfervice- allowance, fhall be paid them according to Sterling Value, able, and a Copy entered in che Slop-book, figned by the and they fliall have the Benefit of the Exchange. Officers employed in the Survey. S. It is ftridtly forbid to all Officers or others, to con¬ cern themlelves dire&lyor indirectly in buying the Sea- pr Pilotage. mens Short-allowance Money; and the Officer, who has the Payment of the fame, is charged to pay the Parties 1. When any of his Majefty’s Ships are bound out of themfclves, without any Regard to Notes, or any other the River of Thames, or from the Nore, the Captain is to Obligation whatfoever. apply timely to the Navy-board for a Pilot, and not to employ any other Perfon, but who fhall be fent to him Of Slop-cloaths from the ' Trini ^ hou f s of Deptford-ftrond, But when the J ’ Ship is to depart from the Downs to the River of Thames , or Medway, the Captain is to employ a Pilot belonging to the Society of Pilots at Dover. iM T R O D V C r / O M xxxi* 9. It is cxpcftccT, that he keep an exaft and perfeft to be ufed till the Ship’s firft eftabliflied Proportion is all Journal•, and when the Ship is ordered to be laid up, he expended. is to deliver a Copy of the fame into the Navy-office; to- 9. When any of the Parchment-cartridges, or other gether with his Log-book, figned by himielf. perilhable Stores, fball become unfit for Service; and con- demned by a regular Survey, he is not to throw them over- Tbc Boatswii n. board, but return them into the Stores. , The Twrirain is ro receive into his Charm- the Rin. 10. He is not. on nnv Prerenr-r. rn (have nr .. INTRODUCTION. xliii 27. He is to keep an exaft Muller-book of tlie Time who are to take Care, that ail the Inftruments, Drug', anti of Entry, Difcharge, Defertion, Death, Attendance and Medicines, be of the Suns, Goodnefs, and Quantity re- Abfence of every Peffon belonging to the Ship, and to quired, and to give him a Certificate thereof. And when fet off againft their Names the Slop-cloaths, Dead-mens the Survey is over, the Chcff is to be locked, and the Seals Cloaths, Beds and Tobacco, they have been fupplied with, of the Phyfician and of the Surgeons Company to be affixed He is carefully to note down, on the Front of the faid thereto in fuch Manner, as to prevent its being after- Book, the Times of beginning and ending Petty-wafraric wards opened, before it comes on-board -, nor is the Cap- or Sea-viflualling, as all'o Short-allowance, and the Nature tain to admit any Chelt into the Ship, without thofe Maries and Quality of the faid Allowance, and what Money has upon it. been paid on that Account. z. The like Method is to be taken in furveying the Re- 28. It is allowed to him,' at fuch Times as the Captain mains, and recruiting the Cheft in London ; but in the Out- Ihall appoint, and in fome public Place upon Deck, to ports, the Phyfician and Surgeon of the Sick and Wounded iflue out to fuch Seamen as do fmoak, and fliall defire it, at tile Port are to make the Survey; or, if there be none cut and dried fweet-feented Tobacco, not exceeding two fuch, the Surgeon of the Yard is to do it fingly, and to Pounds fir Month to a Man, at the Rates fettled by the obferve the fame Methods as in the preceding Article, Navy-board. • taking care to deftroy all fuch Medicines or Drugs,' as fhall 29. He is not to vidlual any Supernumeraries', but by be found in the Cheft, not fit for Ufe; Warrant in Writing from the Captain. 3. He is to provide himfelf, before his going on-board, 30. When he vidtuals any other Ships Men, by his Cap- with a competent Number of printed Sick-riciccts, which tain’s Order, he is to demand Repayment for the fame will be delivered to him at the Sick and Wounded-officc ; from the Purfer of that Ship (unlefs they are chequed there arid a fufficient Number of Smart-tickets from tlie Office out of Viduals) and in cafe of Refufal, to fend by the firft of the Clerk of the Adis. Opportunity a perfedl Lift of the faid Mens Names, and 4. He is to examine the Necefiaries fent on-board for Time of Victualling, certified by his Captain, to the Vic- the Ufe of the fick Men, and if they are not good in theii' tualling-office. -Kind, to acquainc the Captain. ■ He is to keep the faid 31. He is not to fpare any Provifions or Stores, to any Neceffaries in his Cuflody, aqd take care that they be duly other Ship, but by his Captain’s Warrant in Writing, upon ftrved out for the Relief of tfie fick Men. the Back of which he is to take the Purler's or Steward’s 0 5. He is to vifit the Men under his Care (at lead) twice a Receipt, mentioning the Quantity of each Sort in Words Day -, and oftner, if their Circumftances require it ; and at at Length, with the Time when, and Place where; and he other Times; to diftribute his Mates and Affiftants amongft is, by the firft.Opportunity, to fend a Copy of the faid them; that none may want due Attendance and Relief. Receipt to the Commiffioners of the Victualling. 6. In Cafes that are difficult, if there be a Phyfician in 32. He is to keep a Book of all Men fent fick out of the Squadron; he is to refort to him for Advice, and fol- the Ship. He is Iikewifc to keep a perfefl Slop-book, low his Prefcriptions. Book of Dead-mens Cloaths, and a Tobacco-book, which 7. He is to inform the Captain every Day of the Con- he is to deliver into the refpeftive Offices, before the Pay dition of his Patients. of the Ship. _ _ 8. When any fick Men are ordered affiore to the Hof- 33. When any Ship returns from her Voyage into Port pital, or on-board the Hofpital-lhip attending the Squadron, to be laid up, upon the Purfer’s fending Notice to the he is to fend along with them to the Surgeon, an Account Vidlualling-office, there will be immediately fent off Vef- (in Writing) of the Time and Manner of their being taken fels or Lighters, to bring away the Remainder of the Ship’s ill, and the Methods ufed towards their Recovery. Provifions, together with the Calk, Iron-hoops, and Bif- 9. In an Engagement, he is to keep himfelf in the Hold, cuit-bags ; and the Purfer is to fend, with the faid Pro- where a Platform is to be prepared for the Reception of Vifions, his Steward, or fome careful Perfon, to fee the the wounded Men; and himfelf, and his Mates and Af- fafe Delivery of them to the Agent, or other Officer ap- fiftants, are to be ready and have every Thing at-hand for pointed to receive them. flopping their Blood, and dreffing their Wounds. 34. Touching the Number of Staves, of which each 10. He is to keep a Day-book of his Praflice, noting Sort of Calk fhall be reputed to confift when returned, it therein the Names of the Men that come under his Care; is to be obferved, that each Butt returned, if fhaken, fliall their Hurts or Diftempers -, the Day they were taken ill, confift of no lefs than twenty-fix Staves; every Puncheon and the Day of their Recovery, Removal, or Death ; to- of twenty-two; every Hoglhead of twenty; and every gether with his Prefcriptions and Methods of Treatment Barrel of feventeen Staves, Heading included, whereof two while under Cure. Pieces are to be reckoned a Stave; always accounting each ix. He is, from the faid Day-book, to compofe two Stave above forty-four Inches long, for a Butt Stave; from Journals, the one of his Phyfical Praflice in Difeafes; forty-four to thirty-eight Inches, for a Puncheon Stave; other of his Chirurgical Operations in Cafes of Wot from thirty-eight, to thirty-two Inches, for a Hoglhead or Hurts ; and, at the End of the Voyage, to deliver Stave; and from thirty-two to twenty-eight Inches, to be firft to the Phyficians in the Commiffion of Sick reckoned a Barrel Stave. _ Wounded, or (if there be no fuch) to the Phyficiar 35- No Receipts fliall be given for Provifions returned Greenwcb Hofpital, and the latter to the Governor: into Store, until a regular Survey be taken thereof. Surgeons .Company, who are to examine the fame, 30. He is to deliver in his Books and Papers fo timely, certify their Judgment thereupon, that his Viflualling-account may be palled within fix Months after the Ship’s being paid off at farcheft; and, The Master at Arms ; and the Corporal. when he delivers in the faid Accounts, he is to produce ■ None fhall be admitted to ferve as Mailer at Arms ms Amoavn, that the particular Quantities of every in- on-board his Maiefty’s Ships, but fuch as are appointed by dmdual Species °f Provifions, therein mentioned, were Warrant from the Lord High-admiral, or Lords Conx- actually delivered on-board the Ship in Kind, and that he miffioners of the Admiralty; and they are to be Men of ™ p™ 1 !? Money, or other Confideration, in lieu Serv i ce , and well (killed in martial Difcipline. of any Part thereof, nor was fupplied with any more Pro- 2 . The Mailer at Arms, is daily co exercife, at Small- ^recharoed ’ ° n publ ‘ C Account ’ tl,an what is 3rms > the Petty-officers and Ship's Company-by Turns, as 0 ■ 'the Captain fliall appoint. . Surgeon. 3*"He is to place and relieve the Centinels; to mount i. When a Surgeon is warranted to ferve in any of his with the Guard *, and carefully to fee, that the Fire-locks Majefty’s Ships, he is to provide himfelf with Inftruments and other Arms, be conftantly preserved clean, and in and a Cheft of Medicines, according to the Rules of the good Repair * and to obferve all fuch Direclions, as the Navy, and prefent the fame to be viewed by the Phyficians Lieutenant at Arms fhall give him. in the Commiffion of Sick and Wounded, or (if there be 4. He is to fee that the Fire and Candles are put ouc pone) by the Phyfician of Greenwich Hofpital, in Con- in proper Seafon, according to the Orders of the CaptairH junction with the Governors of the Surgeons Company 5 and to acquainc him when the fame is done. ■I N T R 0 D g. Flag-officers fhall commence Pay from the Date of their Commiffions, or Orders to repair to their Squadrons, and continue in Pay to the Day that they (trike their Flag by Order, or that it is fignified to them the Expedition is 10. Captains and Lieutenants (hall commence Pay from the Date of their Commiffions, unlefs they are appointed in the Place of an Officer removed, who is to enjoy his Pay until he is relieved by his Succeffor. 11 A Lieutenant fucceeding to the Command of the Ship," upon the Death of the Captain in foreign Parts, (hall receive the Pay and Allowances of a Captain, until he is fuperfeded by another Captain appointed to command 12. All Commiffions toCaptains and Lieutenants (hall be entred in the Navy-office. 13. Commiffion or Warrant-officers quitting their Em- u cr 10 n. xivii Of Gratuities to tie Relations of Officers and others Jlain in Fight with the Enemy. 1. The Allowance to the Widow (hall be a full Year’s Pay, according to the Pod: her Huiband ferved iri at the Time of his Death, 2. The Allowance to each Orphan (hall be one-third in Proportion to the Allowance to the Widow ; and poft- humous Children (hall be efteemed Orphans. But no Al¬ lowance (hall be made to any Orphan married at the Time of the Father’s Death. 3. ff the Party (lain (hall have no Widow, but leave a Mother that is indigent, a Widow, and above fifty Years of Age, at the Time that her Son was (lain, (he lha]l be allowed Bounty equal to a Widow. 4 - The Relations of Officers (lain in Fireffiips (hall re- xlviii INTRODUCTION. 1. Boatfw G C enters, Purfers, and Cooks, (whofe Employments arc conftant) fhall have frrved full fifteen Years; Milters, and Surgeons, (whofe Employments are not conftant) eight Years in their refpec- tive Offices, before they fhall be entitled to apply for Su- 2. Every Officer applying to be fuperannuated, fhall be examined by the Phyficians in the Commiffion of Sick and ■Wounded, (or in default of fuch Commifiion, by the Phy- fidan of the Royal Hofpital at Greenwich) in Conjunction v;i:h the Maker, Wardens, and Affifiants of the Sur- Eeons Company in Lcxdcn, who are to infpect into, and make Judgment of the State of his Body, or Mind, and of his LY.fitnefs to ferve his Majcfty, and to make Report thereof under their Hands. 3. Officers, whofe Employments are conftant, being admitted to Superannuation, fhall receive an annual Pen- fion equal to their Pay in the Ship of the higheft Rate they have ferved in. 4. The Penfions to be allowed to Matters, fhall be equal to half their Pay, according to the aforegoing Rule. Surgeons in this Rei'pect fhall be efteemed as Makers; that is to fay, a Surgeon fuperannuated from a Ship of the firft Rate, fhall enjoy a Pennon equal to a Maker luperan- nu2ted from a Firk rate, and lb on. 5. His Majeky is pleafed to referve to himfelf to confi- der the Merits and Pretenfions of Commiffion-officers, who fhall be worn out or difabled in his Service, as their Cafe fnall be reprefented to him by the Lord High-admi¬ ral, or Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty, and to fet¬ tle fuch Allowances or Penfions upon them, as his Ma¬ jeky fhall think fit. The Q economy of the Navy; containing the feveral Duties of the Commiffioners and principal Officers of the Navy-office, and of the Officers, and the Management of his Majejiys Docks or Yards; eftabliffied firft by JAMES Duke of YORK, on the 2Sth of 'January, 1661, then Lord High-admiral of England and Ireland. Tcs Dl-ty of ih fnr.dpa! 0 fairs cr.i Ccualffr-Kcrs of Ids Navy, fiprt’dy, cc^iofd. 1. They are to cor.fuk and advife together how to tranf- nct 2II Afihirs, tending either to the V.'ei!-governing of his Majefty’sNavy, and ali fubordinate Mir.ifters thereof, wherein they are to proceed by Common-council and Argument of moil Voices, endeavouring jointly to advance his Majefty’s 2. They are to propofa to their Conliderations the pre- fer.t State and Condition of the Navy, either in refpefi of the Number or Shies, their Tonnage, Manner of Building, Age, Defects, ct?r.‘ or of the Magazine of Stores of all forts whatfoever, how furv.ilh’d, in the general, or diftri- buted to each parriculat Yard, where the Service may re¬ quire their Expence. 3. They are ro confrder what Cordage is fit and requi- fits lor twice Mooring and Rigging, and letting to Sea, all \ \ f r fix Months'lor Hcme-fervice, and to ftate the Number cf Tons required as a competent Quantity for a Magazine of that fort. Provifions to be always in Store for a Supply of all Sendees. In like Man¬ ner they are to proportion a certain Quantity of Maks, Yards, Sails, Anchors, Cables, Timber, Planks, Rofin, Tar, Beats, err. to be either belonging to each Ship, or remaining in Store as a fuffirient Magazine of each kind for the Supply for any fudden Sendee. 4. They are to take a Survey in all his Majeky’s Yards, Ships and Store-houfes, of all Provifions then in -Store, and compare the Magazine required, and the Survey together, bailanring what Part of each Provifion is in Store, and what is wanting and contracting with the Merchants for fupplying of what is wanting of the full Magazine, if they have Efiimates to hear it, or if there be no Eftimates to maintain the Supply, then to prefent to the Lord Admiral the Ballance of the Magazine, with the Survey and De¬ mand, in way of an Eftimate for Supply of the Magazine, cf all Stores that fhall appear to be wanting, to -be rated and put into Money, as the Market of thofe Provifions may then be rated to be. -- I hey are to take care that no Provifion of any con- fiuetacic Quantity or Price be ferved into his Majeky’s Stores, without Contract made for the fame in a public Meerr.g, where both the Provifions, their Quality, Quan¬ tity, Dimenfions and Price may be maturely fcanned, 2nd accordingly fpecified in the Contract, which, being once pafied, they are to fend its Copy to the Clerk of the Cheque, iubferibed by the Clerk of the Records; with their Commands to them, to compare the Provifions with the Contract, as they fnall be from time to time ferved into the Stores ; and if in Point of Quantity, Quality or Di¬ menfions, it {hall not agree with the Contract, then to re- fufc its Receipt, and certify their Reafons, under their Hands, unto the Officers, of their Reftifal. 6. When the Magazine is luted, and the Defeats of it fupplied by Contracts, they are to confider of an equal Dikribution thereof unto all and every of his Majeky’s Yards, according to the Number of Ships, either riding in each Harbour, or repairing, or in likelihood of Repair, in each Dock'or Yard, that lb Abundance may not glut die Stores, and wake the King’s Treafure for want of a prefent Ufe in one Yard, or by Want and Neceflity either in un- ncceffary Charge of Supply from another Yard, or the Supply of more than the Magazine, at an exceffive Rate, from a private Perfon’s Store or Yard. 7. They are by themfelves or Purveyors, at the Seafon of the Year when the Ecft Country Commodities come into the River, to enquire the Market-price of all thole Pro¬ vifions, as Maks, Yards, Deals, Spars, Hemp, Tar, Pitch, and to buy where is beft and beft Cheap, not tying themleives unto any particular Man; nor to fuffer the Goods to be firk delivered into the Yards before the Contract made, but to infpeft, to be in the Yards after, to fee whether they be according to Contract; lek after the Delivery in, the Merchant may, by undue Means, induce the inferior In- kruments in the Yards (which he will then have Knowledge of) to give fuch Teftimony of them as may delude the Officers in their Contract, and induce the giving exorbitant Rates. 3. They are to order that an Invoice be Weekly brought them from the Cuftom-hoqfe, of fuch Goods as are to be, or have been entred, and are ufeful to the Navy, with the Names of the Merchants who enter them, that fo the Pur¬ veyor may not delude them with Pretence of Scarcity when Choice may be had, or oblige them to one Merchant, when divers may be had to afford more Choice, and at eafier Rates. 9. They are from the ill Confequences of it, to take car? that neither themfelves, nor any inferior Officer in the Navy, do prefume to trade in any fuch Commodities, or any way go Sharers with any Merchant, in any way whatfoever, for fuch Commodities as are fold to the Navy •, and if any (hall be detetted of fuch fraudulent Practices, upon Information given unto the Lord Admiral, luch Officers for- the find Offence fhall be difmifled the Service, and rendred inca¬ pable of ever holding any Employment for the future, fince it is more than probable, that fuch Practices (if al¬ lowed) would make way for ferving in, and receiving, un¬ fit Commodities at an exorbitant Price. lvi- 1 N TROD U CT 10 N. it cart fully difpofcd of and given to the Store-keeper, till it be laid and wrought into Cordage, and delivered into the Store-keeper’s Charge. 5. He is to keep the Tallies and Account of each Mer- chands Hemp and Tow difhnctly, and obferve the Good- r.efs, Wafte and Expence of it in Spinning and Ufe; and tho’ it mas received as good, and approved before the Ufe of it upon Survey fo to be, if it (hall appear to be culled, wet, fmall-bound Hemp, thick Calk for Tar, or to have any other conGderahle Defect, to certify the Officer of it, that they may take fuch Order about it as Ihall be thought fit. 6. He is to keep the Account of the Proceed of each Parcel of Hemp diftinfily, and to be able to fatisfy the Officer upon Demand, how much Cordage was made of fuch a Parcel of Hemp bought of fuch a Merchant, what thereof was wafted in Tow, and what Sizes it was laid into, and what it advanced by the Ton. The Porter’s Duty. t. To be conftantly at the Gate, to open and fhut it, for all Comers and Goers in and out of the Yards. а. To deliver the Charge of the Gate, at Eight of the Clock at Night, to the Watch appointed for that Night, and upon the going off of the fame to receive his Charge back again from them. 3. To ring the Bell to call and difcharge the Men at the proper Hours, and to keep the Glafs turned, and a due Proportion of Time between every Difmiffion, according to the Cuftoms of the Service, Appointment of the Offi¬ cers, and the Seafon of the Year, both for their Difcharge from and calling to their Labour. 4. To be careful after the Bell is rung, and Men come to their Work, to keep the Gate fhut and locked, and not to fuffer any of thofe that are bottle upon the Works' that Day to depart out of the Yards, till the Bells ring them from their Labour, without Notice given to the Clerk of the Cheque to prick them for their Abfence. 5. Not to fuffer any Man whatfoever in Days Wages to come late, or at unfeafonable Hours, in the Yard or Works, but to keep the Gate locked upon thofe that fhall negleft their Appearance at the Bell ringing, but to acquaint the Clerk of the Cheque with the Abfence or Late-coming of thofe who only feck to fave their Call and fhun their La¬ bour, that he may perform his Duty in pricking them all or any Tart of the Day as they fhall appear to be abfent. б. To take notice of all Back-doors, or private Pafiages by Water in the Shipwrights or Caulkers own Boats, or through Mens Houfes, or over the Walk, Sc. and ob¬ ferve, from time to time, all thofe that ufe fuch Conveyances, and negleft the common Paflage of the King’s Gate, and give the Cletk of the Cheque Notice thereof for their Cheque and Amendments. 7. He is to obferve and fe2rch all Shipwrights, Caulkers, Sc. (in the Abfence of the Mafter-fhipwright and his Af- fiftants) at their going from their Labour, and take from them all fuch Pieces of ufeful Timbers, Pianks,Tree-nails, (Sc. which, under the Pretence of Chips, he fhall find them carrying away out of the Yards, giving Notice thereof to the Mafter-fhipwright and Clerk of the Cheque for their future Punifhment, as fhall be fay them thoughc fit. 8. He is not to meddle with the felling of any Drink in his own Houfe near the Gate, unto any Labourers,Watch- men, or others appertaining to the Yards; fo many Abufcs having been occafioned by this means 5 but if he fhall de¬ fire to have the vending of any Beer, it muft be only in the Summer-time, and of fix Shillings Price, fuch as is fit to quench Mens Thirfl that drink thereof, to enable them the better to perform their Labour; and not fuch as will diftemper them, and detain them from their Labour in the King’s Services; in which cafe he is to be allotted Room in the Middle of the Yard, where his Beer is to be kept and publickly fold, that they may not, under the Pretence of Drinking, be fkreened from the Sight of the Foreman, and fo loiter away their Time, and his'Majelly’s Service prejudiced thereby. The Boatswain cf the Yard’j Duty. 1. To be charged from the Store-keeper with the Cranes and all Things thereunto belonging, fmall Ropes, Malls, Saws, Wedges, Crows, Drags, Timbrels, Wheel-barrows, Screws, Hand-pieces, and other petty Provifions that fhall, from time to time, be delivered to the Labourers working in the Yards; and when the Works determine, to give an Account thereof to the Store-keeper lor the King’s Behoof. 2. He is every Morning to attend the Mafter-attendant and Mafter-fhipwright, how and where to quarter the Men for that Day, and accordingly to fee them tlifpofed to their feveral Places and Labours, to load or unload Hoys, to receive, and i3ue, and difpofe all manner of Provifions, and to appoint the Foreman to attend one Company, and himfelf another. 3. He is to attend the Cleaning of the Docks, and' pre¬ pare Crabs, Blocks and Tackle for all or any of his Ma- jefty’s Ships that are to be launched or cleaned, and to take care all fuch Stores be not loft or embezzled that have been ufed in the faid Service, but deliver them to the Store¬ keeper for future Services. 4. To look to all Long-boats, Pinnaces, Skiffs, or other Boats of the King’s, that they may be carefully laid up in a convenient Place which is appointed for them ; and when any of them are ufed, to acquaint the Store-keeper there¬ with, and after the Service is pafied, to fee them laid up without Danger of finking, bilging or going adritc. The Charge cf holding a Ship cf each Rale, and furnijk- ing her with Mafis, Tards, Sails and Rigging, together ■xitb a Proportion cf eight Months Boatfsiahis and Car¬ penter's Sea-fores, as calculated by Mr. Burchett, Secretary to the Navy. For a Ship of a 35.553 1- 29,886 23,638 J 7>7 8 5 . And from hence it will be eafy to fum up the Value or Coft of the whole Royal Navy, according to the Lift given on page ii. fuppofing every Ship to be furnilh’d as above. Ships. Guns. Coft of one. Coft of all. 6 — 100 —. 35,553 l. - 213,318 l. 12 — 90 — 29,886 - 358,632 12 - 80 23,638 - 283,656 85 Sloops, Bombs,! and Firefhips, one h with another, at ' Befides Yatchs, Tenders, Store-fhips, (Sc. Afe Iviii INTRODUCTION James Stuart, EJq-, Admiral of lbs Fleet. Hon. George Clinton, ? , Sir William Rowley, Knight cf the Bath, \ A - tVMe - William Martin, Efo\ — — n Ifaac Townfend, Efq; — — \A. Blue. Right Honourable Lord Anfon, — J Perry Mayne, Efa-, — — 3 Honourable John Byng, — — \V. A. Red. Henry Olbcrn, Efq-, — — 3 Thomas Smith, Efq-, — — j Thomas Griffin, Efq-, — — \V. A. While. Sir Edward Hawke, Knight cf the Batb, 1 Charles Kr.owles, Efq-, — — 1 Honourable John Forbes, — — TV. A. Blue. Honourable Edward Bofcawen,-•> Charles Watfon, Efq-, — —\ti A R-i Temple Weft, Efq-, — George Pocock, Efq-, — — ) „ • Honourable George Townfhend, — S R ' A ' Wh!le ' Savage Moltyn, Efq — — — ? „ , m Francis Holbume, Efq-, — A. Blue. A Vfi cf the Captains cf bis Majesty’s Fleet, wi the Datesi/ their frfi Com missions or Captain freer, vebieb they are alleged to take Reft. JohnFktchcr — — — Sir Edward Blacker. Bart. — Edward Falkingham — — — Samuel Mead —-— William-Henry Fleming — John Wingate — — — — as Coopt James Rycaut James Lloyd - Henry Harrifon-— — Thomas Cotes — — Robert Pett — — — Brad. Thompfon — — — — •Thomas Frankland - Right Hon. Lord Harry Powlett— Charles Wager Purvis — — Solomon Gideon-— Roger Martin — — — ElTcxHoIcombe — — — Richard Hughes — — — — Honourable George Murray- Richard Edwards (ill.) — — Charles Colby-— — William Mice- Nathaniel Watfon — — — — Henry Swayfland- Honourable John Hamilton- John Brett--- Thomas Brodrick — — — — Daniel Hore-— — — Thomas Pye-— — — Henry Godfalve —-— Henry Ward- Plenry Dennis- George Cockbume- Thomas Tucker — — — — Sir Charles Hardy-- Sheldrake Laton — — — — Rt. Hon. George Ear! of Northelk Right Hon. Henry Lord Aylmer . January 26 February 29 Augufi 26 July 6 April 3 January 14 nZembcr io Augufi 30 Augufi 28 February 12 il toy 1 5 J u b ■5 7“iy i 5 July 15 July *8 July 6 September 16 September 12 OBcber 24 October 3 November 4 November 12 January 16 January 16 January 25 March 10 April yMay 15 May 6 June ijune lyjuly TO Augufi >5 Augufi '■5 Augufi '8 September 2 6 September ’ Jofeph Hamar — — — •—■ John Lovett — — — ' Frederick Rogers — —• Honourable George Dnvvnay Charles Stcevens — — — John Pritchard — —- Phillip Durell — — — Charles Holmes-— — Elliot Smith — — — — Samuel Cornilh — — — — Sir Charles Molloy — — — Thorpe Fowke — — — — Smith Califs' 7 -•- John Wickham- George Brydges Rodney — — Robert Erfkine - - — - - Sir William Burnaby —- William Fielding — — — Edward Dodd — — — - Samuel Goddard — —- Peter Toms — — —- Richard Watkins — — — — Polycarpus Taylor — — — James Young - -- b William Marih — — — — , Edward Pratten — ■— — — William Boys .—• — — — Arthur Scott — — — — - Warwick Calmady — —- S Sir Peircy Brett — —--— o Charles Powlett- 2 Charles Catford — — — — 2 John Moore — — — — 7 Richard Tyrrell ■— — — — 8 John Simcoe — — — _ 2 Frederick Cornewall — — — 7 Robert Robinfon — — — — 8 Right Hon. Alexander Lord Colvil 8 James Douglafs- 9 Thomas Hanway — — — 9 George Elliot — — — — 9 Edward Spragge — — — — o Edmond Toll — — — — 0 Richard Collins — — — — 0 Thomas Mogg — — — — 0 William Gordon .— .— — d Honourable George Edgcumbe — o Robert Swanton — — — — o Lachlin Leflie — — — — 0 Samuel Graves — — — .— 3 William Parry — — — — 3 John Hardy — — — — 3 Patrick OHara — —- 3 Coningfby Norbury — — — 3 Honourable Auguftus Keppel — 3 John Amherft — — — — ) Peter Denis — — —- > Honourable Archibald Stuart — > Edmond Horne — — — — r Arthur Forreit — _ _ — : Richard Tiddeman — — — : Robert Hughes — — ■— — Hugh Bonfoy — — — — : Timothy Nucella — — — Robert Jefferis — — — — Honourable William Montague — Arthur Gardiner —. —- Mathew Buckle — — Robert Man — — —- — Clark Gayton — — — .— Thomas Stanhope — — — Thomas Andrews — — — John Hume — — — — 25 February 12 March 6 April 24 May 30 June 9 Augufi ' 1 November 9 November 13 November cj December 11 January 24 Februaty 2 May 1 6 May 25 May 2 June introduction. John Ornie — — — —' Samuel Maifterfon — — — John Hill — — — — — Henry Dyve — — — — William Bladwell — — — John Barker — — — — Richard Spry — — — — John Rous — — —- Thomas Noel — — — — John Weller — — — — John Fawler - - - - Lucius O Brien — — — — John Montagu — — — — Abel Smith — — — — Cotton Dent — — — — Charles Knowler — — — William Harman — — — Thomas Craven — — — Thomas Allifon — —- Robert Harland — — — — James Sayer — — — — Edward Falkingham — — Jervis Henry Porter- Honourable Richard How — Andrews Jelfe — — — _ Waflrington Shirley — — Samuel Faulknor — — John Douglas — — — Hugh Pigot .—■ — — Julian Legge - - - Molineux Shuldham — — Robert Wellard — — — James Webb - Anthony Kerly _ _ — Henry Huilh — — Jofeph Knight .— — — Thomas Knowler — O Brien Dudley — John Llo U yd han - Charles Proby — — John Ferguffone — Robert Duff — — John Reynolds — Frederick Hyde — — — — Hugh.Pallifer — — — — Charles Wray — _ _ ' _ Honourable John Byron — — Honourable Aug. John Hervey — George Mackenzie — — Mathew Barton — — Thomas Latham .— — Peter Parker — — — Patrick Baird — _ - Richard Gwynn — — Honourable Samuel Barrington — Mariot Arbuthnot — _ Na: 1745 Robert Roddam 1745 Samuel Marflial - 1745 William Brett — ■■6 Augujl 7 September 9 September 23 September 1745 Joh September 745 Edward Clarke — — 745 George Darby _ _ 745 Willliam-Saltren Willi Thomas-How. Huch 745 Chriftopher Hill —. — 1 November 1745 James Gambier _ — ’9 November j 745 Michael Everitc — — 2 December 1745 William Lloyd — — 3 December 1745 Samuel Scott — — 15 January 1745 Francis-William Drake — -- January 1745 Edward Hughes — — .3 Jam ’■3 January 26 January 9 February 19 March 26 March 25 June 2 July 12 July 31 July r 1 Augujl 11 Augujl ii Augttji 6 May 27 May 1745 Edward Jekyll — — 1745 David Brodie — — 1745 Henry Marfh — — 1745 Hyde Parker — — 1745 William Holburne — — 1745 John Evans — •— 1746 Mathew Whitwell — .—. 1746 Henry Barnfley ■— .— 1746 Mark Millbank — — 1746 James Kirk — — 1746 Nicholas Vincent ■—• — 1746 Edward Wheeler — — 1746 William Martin — — 1746 Richard Clements —■ — 1746 John Storr — — — 1746 Vincent Pearce — — 1746 Thomas Saunrarez •—• — 1746 James Campbell — — — 1746 William Prelton — — 1746 William Mantell — — 1746 Edward Chriftian .— .— _ 1746 Andrew Cockburne — — 1746 Carr Scrope .—• — .—. 174 6 Edward Vernon — — 1746 John Hollwall — .—. 1746 Jolhua Rowley —. — — 1746 Dudley Digges — — — 1746 Richard Edwards (2d.) — — 1746 Henry Speke •—. — - 1746 Thomas Foley — — 1746 Abraham North — —. 1746 Robert Routh — — — 1746 Edward Le Cras — — 1746 Richard Dorrill — — _ 1746 Thomas Hankerfon — — — 1746 John Rawling — — — — 1746 William Brown — — 7 July LI y.ugujl 23 June 5 7«(f 23 July 1 6 Augujl 29 September I November 4 November 27 November 2 6 January 8 June 28 July 16 January 14 November 3 April 4 December 18 December 27 December January 1 6 January 19 January 4 February II February 11 March 11 March 17 June 1747 Befides thefe Offic 1747 Lift, 1747 S5 Mafters and Commandt 1747 632 Lieutenants. there are now upon the l of the Lord High-admirals, and Commissioners for executing the uffice ot Lord High-admiral from the Year 1673, when Hts RoyalHighnefs the Duke of YORK refigned. J & J ti- r> ,, 9th July 1673, 25th Charles II. ties Royal Higbnefs Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland. . I 4 th September 1677, 29th Charles II. t!L°"V/' Lord Chancellor -j ani ^ r 0 f. R °yal Highnefs Prince Rupert, Duke of Cumberland. Eord Treafurer ‘ Heanege Lord Finch, Lord Chancellor. - Lord Privy-ieal J Tl "ie being. Thomas Earl of Derby, Lord Treafurer. Arthur Earl of Anglefen George Duke o/Buckingham. James Duke of Monmouth. John Duke of Lauderdale. James Duke of Ormond. Henry Earl of Arlington, Secretary of State. Sir George Carteret, Vice Chamberlain. Henry Coventry, Eff, Secretary of State. Edward Seymour, Efy, Arthur Earl of Anglefea, Lord Privy-feal. James Duke of Monmouth. John Duke of Lauderdale. James Duke of Ormond. Thomas Earl of OITory. Henry Earl of Arlington, Lord Chamberlain. introduction. Sir John Ernie, Chancellor and Under-treafurer of the Ex- SfrThomasChicheley, Kit. Mailer General of theOrdnance.- Edward Seymour, Efri 14th of May 1679, 31ft Charles II. Sir Henry Capell, Knt. Daniel Finch, Efr-, Sir Thomas Lee, Bart. Sir Humphrey Wynch, Bart. Sir Thomas Meers, Knt. Edward Vaughan, EJ j; Edward Hayles, Efr 19th February 1679, 3 2d darks II.' Daniel Finch, Efr, Sir Humphry Wynch, Bart. Sir Thomas Meers, Knt. Edward Hayles, Efr, William Vifcount Brouncker, Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. 20th January 1681, 33d Clarks II. Daniel Lord Finch. - Sir Richard Onflow, Bart. Henry Prieftman, Efr, Anthony Vifcount Falkland. Robert Auftin, Efr, Sir Robert Rich, Bart. . 1 6 April 1693, 5th Wiliam and Mary. Anthony Vifcount Falkland. Sir John Lowther, Bart. Henry Prieftman, Efr Robert Auftin, Efr, Sir Robert Rich, Bart. Henry Killigrew, Efr-, Sir Ralph Delavall, Knt. 2d May 1694, 6th Wiliam and Mary. Edward Ruffell, Efr, Sir John Lowther, Bart. Henry Prieftman, Efr-, Robert Auftin, Efr-, Sir Robert Rich, Bart. Sir George Rooke, Knt. Sir John Houblon, Knt. Sir Humphry Wynch, Bart. Sir Thomas Meers, Knt. Edward Hales, Efr, William Vifcount Brouncker. Henry Saville, Efr-, Sir j'.i'.r. Chicheley, Knt. 17th April 1684. Daniel Earl of Nottingham.! Sir Humphry Winch ,. Bart. I Sir Thomas Meers, Knt. Sir Edward Hales, Bart. [This Commiflion was re- Henry Seville, Efr, I voked 22d May, 16S4. • Sir John Chicheley, Knt. I John Lord Vaughan. I Arthur Herbert, Efr-, J King James the II. managed the Affairs of the Admiralty by Secretary Pcpys all his Reign. 8th March 168S, ill IVUliam and Mary. Arthur Herbert, Efr-, John Earl of Carberry. Sir Michael Wharton, Knt. Sir Thomas Lee, Bart. Sir John Chicheley, Knt. Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven, Bart. William Sacheverille, Efr-, 20th January 16S9, tft William and Mary. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. John Earl cf Carberry. Sir Thomas Lee, Bart. Sir John Chicheley, Knt. Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven, Bart. 5th June 1690, 2d William and Mary. Thomas Earl cf Pembroke. John Earl of Carberry. Sir Thomas Lee, Bart. Sir John Lowther, Bart. Edward Rufiell, Efr-, Sir Richard Onflow, Bart. Henry Prieftman, Efri 23d January i6go, 3d William and Mary. Thomas Earl cf Pembroke. Sir Thomas Lee, Bart. Sir John Lowther, Bart. Sir Richard Onflow, Bart. Henry Prieftman, Efr-, Anthony Vifcount Falkland. Robert Auftin, Efr-, 10th March i6gi, 4th Wiliam and Mary. Charles Lard Cornwallis. Sir John Lowther, Bart. 2Sth February 1693, 7th Wiliam and Maiyi Edward Ruffell, Efr-, Henry Prieftman, Efri Robert Auftin, Efr-, Sir Robert Rich, Bart. Sir George Rook, Kr.t. Sir John Houblon, Knt. James Kendale, Efr-, 5th June 1697, 9th Wiliam III. Edward Earl of Orford. Henry Prieftman, Efri Sir Robert Rich, Bart. Sir George Rook, Knt. Sir John Houblon, Kit. James Kendale, Efr, Goodwin Wharton, Efr-, 2d June i6gg, f ith Wiliam III. John Earl of Bridgwater. John Lord Haverlham. Sir Robert Rich, Ban. Sir George Rooke; Kit. Sir David Mitchell, Knt. ill November 1699, nth Wiliam III. John Earl of Bridgwater. ‘ John Lord Haverlham. Sir George Rooke, Knt. Sir David Mitchell, Knt. George Churchill, Efri 4th April syoi, 13th Wiliam III. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. John Lord Haverfham. Sir George Rooke, Kr.t. Sir David Mitchell, Kit. George Churchill, Efr, 2 6 January 1701, r 3th Wiliam III. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Lord High- 28th May 1702, ill Anne. His Royal Highnels Prince George of Denmark, Lord High-admiral of England. Council appointed by his Royal Higbnefs during the Lime be •mas Lord High-admiral of England. 28th May, 1702. Sir, George Rooke, Knt. Sir David Mitchell, Kit. George Churchill, Efri Richard Hill, Efri 29 i ith Amt. INTRODUCTION. 29th March, 1703. Sir George Rooke, Kit. Sir David Mitchell, Knt. George Churchill, Efq; Richard Hill, Efq; Han. James Bridges. 30th April, 1704, Sir George Rooke, Kit. Sir David Mitchell, Kit. George Churchill, Efq-, Richard Hill, Efq-, Honourable James Bridges, Efq-, Honourable Henry Paget, Efq-, 8th February, 1705, Sir David Mitchell, Kit. George Churchill, f Richard Hill, ' \Efqs-, Honourable Henry Paget, ■> Sir Cloudefly Shovell, Kit. Robert Walpole, Efq-, Sir Stafford Fairhorne, Kit, 20th June, 1707. 6th Amt. His Royal Highnefs George Prince of Denmark, Lord High-admiral of Great-Brltain, on account of the Union. 19th April, 1708. David Earl of Wemys. George Churchill, l Richard Hill, >Efqs; Honourable Henry Paget, * Sir Stafford Fairborne, Kit. Sir John Leake, Kit. 20th June, 170S. David Earl of Wemys. George Churchill, o Richard Hill, \Efqs-, Honourable Henry Paget, i Sir John Leake, Kit. Sir James Wilheart, Knt. Note, His Royal Highnefs the Prince died the 28th of October, 1708, and the Queen a fled in the Interval till next Commiflion by Mr. Secretary Burcbet. 29th November, 1708. 7th Anne. Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, Lord High- admiral. 8th November, 1709. 7th Anne. Edward Earl of Orford. Sir John Leake, 1 Sir George Byng, Y S ' George Doddington, 3 Paul Methuen, \EJqs-, 4th OSioBtr, 1710. gtli Aim, Sir John Leake, 1 „ Sir George Byng, j"'" - George Doddington, j Paul Methuen, Sir William Drake, Bart. John Aiflabie, Efq-, 20 December, 1710. 9 th Am Sir John Leake, Kit. Sir 'George Byng, Kit. Sir William Drake, Bart, John Aiflabie, Efq-, Sir James Wilheart, Knt. George Clarke, Efq-, 30th September, 1712. Thomas Earl of Strafford. Sir John Leake, Knt. Sir George Byng, Kit. Sir William Drake, Bart. John Aillabie, Efq-, Sir James Wilheart, Kit. Geofge Clarke, Efq-, 19th January, 1713. The fame Commiflioners, leav Sir George Byng, Knt. 9 th April, 1714. 1 Thomas Earl of Strafford. Sir John Leake, Knt. Sir William Drake, Bart. Sir James Wilheart, Kit. George Clarke, Efq-, Sir George Beaumont, Bart. 14 OSober, 1714. Edward Ear! of Orford. Sir George Byng, Kit. George Doddington, Efq-, Sir John Jennings, Kit. Sir Charles Turner, Bart. Abraham Stanyan, Efq-, George Baillie, Efq-, 16th April, 1717. James Earl of Berkeley. Matthew Aylmer, Efq-, Sir George Byng, Knt. and Bart. John Cockburne, Efq-, William Chetwynde, Efq-, i 9 th March, 1717. James Earl of Berkeley. Sir George Byng, Knt. and Bart. Sir John Jennings, Kit. John Cockburne, Efq-, William Chetwynde, Efq; Sir John Norris, Kit.. Sir Charles Wager, Kit. loth OUobtr, 1721. James Earl of Berkeley. Sir John Jennings, Knt. John Cockburne, Efq; Chetwynde, E' Sir John Norr Knt. ' 1 ith June, 1725. James Earl of Berkeley. Sir John Jennings, Kit. John Cockburne, Efq; William Chetwynde, Efq; Sir John Norris, Knt. Sir Charles Wager, Kit. . Sir George Oxenden, Bart. l&June, 1727. James Earl of Berkeley. John Cockburne, Efq; William Chetwynde, Efq; Sir John Norris, Kit. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir George Oxenden, Bart. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. 2d Auguft, 1727. George Vifcount Torrington. John Cockburne, Efq; Sir John Norris, Kit. Sir Charles Wager, Kit. ha Sir Ixii INTRODUCTION. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. George Vifcount Malpas. Samuel Molyneaux, Efa-, ift June 172S. TG«. II. George Vifcount Torrington. John Cocfcburae, Efa-, Sir John Norris, Knt. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. George Vifcount Malpas. Sir William Young, Knight of lit Bath. 19 Mo}, 1729. 2d Gee. II. George Vifcount Torrington. John Cockbume, Efa-, Sir John Norris, Kr.t. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. Sir William Yonge, Knight of the Bath. Lard Archibald Hamilton. , 13th May, 1730. 3d Geo. II. George Vifcount Torrington. John Cockbume, Efa-, Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. Lard Archibald Hamilton. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Thomas "Winnington, Bart. 15th Jane, 1732. 6th Geo. II. George Vifcount Torrington. ' Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. Lord Archibald Hamilton. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Thomas Winnington, Efa-, Thomas Clutterbuck, Efay ti&June, 1733. 7th Geo. II. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. Lard Archibald Hamilton. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Thomas Winnington, Efa-, Thomas Clutterbuck, Efa -,. Lard Harry Paulett. 22d May, 1736. gth Gio. II. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. Lard Archibald Hamilton. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Thomas Clutterbuck, Efa\ Lard Harry Paulett. John Campbell, Efai March, 173S. 12th Gta. U. Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Littleton, Bart. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Thomas Clutterbuck, Efa-, Lard Harry Paulett. John Campbell, Efa-, Lard Veto Beauclerke. 13th May, 174a.' Sir Charles Wager, Knt. Sir Thomas Frankland, Bart. Lard Harry Paulett. John Campbell, Efai Lord Vac Beauclerke. John Vifcaunt Glenorchy. Edward Thompfob, Efa-, 14th Gta. IL March, 1741. Daniel Earl of Winchdfea ana John Cockbume^ Efa-, Leri Archibald Hamilton. Charles Lord Baltimore. Philip Cavendilh, Efa-, George Lee; Efa-, L.L. D. John Trevor, Efa-, \ofir December, (743. 17th Geo. II. Daniel Earl of Winchelfea and Nottingham. John Cockbume, Efa-, Lord Archibald Hamilton. George Lee, Efa-, L. L. D. Sir Charles Hardy, Knt. John Phillipfon, Efa-, December, 1744. iSthGeo. II. John Duke of Bedford. John Earl of Sandwich. Lord Archibald Hamilton. Lord Veto Beauclerke. Charles Lord Baltimore. George Anfon, Efa-, George Greenville, Efa-, 1746. 19th Gt John Duke of Bedford. John Earl of Sandwich. Lord Vere Beauclerke. George Lord Anfon. William Vifcount Barrington. William Vifcount Duncannon. Welbore Ellis, Efa-, February, 174J. 2 John Earl of Sandwich. Lord Ye re Beauclerke. George Lord Anfon. William Vifcount Barrington. William Vifcount Duncannon. Welbore Ellis, Efa-, Honourable John Stanhope, Efa-, February, 174J. 2 John Earl of Sandwich, Lord Vere Beauclerke. George Lord Anfon. William Vifcount Barrington. William Vifcount Duncannon. Welbore Ellis, Efa-, Honourable Thomas Villars, Efa-, November, John Earl of Sandwich. George Lord Anfon. William Vifcount Barrington. William Vifcount Duncannon Welbore Ellis, Efa-, Honourable Thomas Villars, Granville Vifcount Trentham. 1749. 23d Geo. II. February, \ycfa. 23d George Lord Anfon. William Vifcount Barrington. William Vifcount Duncannon. Welbore Ellis, j flsmrarui/eThomasVillars, > Efas j William Rowley, J Honourable Edward Bofcawen, Efa ; It was defign’d to finilh this Introduction with an Ab- ftraft of the effential Laws and Regulations, made for the Benefit of the Commerce and Navigation of Great-Bri¬ tain : But as. the Particulars already inferted, abfolutelv neceflary to be known, for the right underftanding. of the following Work, and which could not be fo properly in¬ grafted upon any other Part thereof, have brought it to a fufficient Length -, it has been thought more agreeable to our Readers, to referve them for the Conclulion of the Volume, and to proceed immediately to the main Subiefl •of the Hiftory. A NEW N AVA L HISTORY: • OR, Complete View of the British Marine. B O O K I. Containing the LIVES of the Admirals and Navigators, Naval Expeditions and Se a-fightS) and other material Circiimftances relating to our Navy and Commerce , from the Acceffion of William the Conqueror , to the Death of King Richard III.' CHAP. r. Containing the Marine Affairs in the Reigns of King William I. furnamed the Conqueror, King William II. furnamed. Ruius, and King Henry I. T HE-Duke of Normandy, as you have read on page v. of the Introdutlion, invaded England with a prodigious Fleet of (goo) Tranfports, which he burnt, after landing his Army; and by the deciftve Battle near Hajlings, he feized upon the Crown of England by the Name of William I. The Reafon afligned by the bed Hiltorians for burning thofe Ships was their Incapacity to ftand an Engagement with the national Fleet, which muft convince.us, that the naval Power.of England^ at that Time kept in fuch a Situation as to be able to defend the Coaft againft foreign Invalions, had it not been juft before very unadvifedly order’d into Port for the Winter-feafon, and to be refitted after the Deftruc- tionof the Norwegian Fleet; not fufpefting any Danger from the Coaft of Normandy. ■ It is confeffed that, upon the Death of Harold, and the Succefs of the Conqueror, the greateft Part of that Fleec was . carried off to the Coaft of Norway, by the Sons of the (lain Monarch, which for a while might deprive him of that natural Strength of his infular Dominion ; but this, which not only left him expofed, but threatened him with all the traordinary Power that combined againft him from a]l Quar¬ ters. The Beginning of his Reign was greatly difturbed by unfuccefsful Rebellions, fomented by the difeomented Nobility, who fet up Edgar Atbeling's Title to the Crown. And tho’ they provoked him fo much, that every B.ody ex- petffed their Defeat would ferve him with a Pretence to make himfelf a real, inftcad of a nominal Conqueror , yet like the Lion, who difdains to fall upon thofe Animals that couch and proftrate themfelves at his Feet, William dif- daining that any who fubmitted to him, lhould have fo much the better of him, as not to be pardoned, prevented their Fears by a general Aft of Indemnity, not excepting his very Competitor Edgar. When this Prince furrendered Favour , with this Majeftic Declaration, Petits fe vengent, je fardonm , and afligned him a Penfion fuffident to fup- port him as a Prince, and to lecute him from the Danger of Sufpicion. But neither his Clemency, Courage, nor Wifdom was • able' to Item the Envy, Ignorance, and Malice of a People, that could bear no Impofition of new Laws, they under- 0r. Complete View of the British Marine. for is Days together. From whence we can draw no fuf- other Deeds, the Ports fitted out too Sail, and encounter’d ficient Proof for the feparate Charge of each Port. But in 2co Sail of Frenchmen with I'ucli Succefs that they ruined ' » o 2 d Tear of the fame Reign, the Proportions are the Navy of Trance fo cffeflually, as to put it ot Proportions are the Navy of France i o elfediually, a 1 clearly""fet* forth* by ’Stephen Penclejler, then Conftable of Power for many Years to recover the Lois of their Men Ztew-Caftle, in ^ ■ :,n ' 1 SMn ' . The Port of Iiaflingt he charges with 3 Ships. Fcvmfey - -J f 1 Ettherhitbe — / .,1 1 Bekejborm in Kent — I its Members with k 7 _ _ Grcnche at Gillinghamy p | The town of Rye l ; ts Members with j 5 Tenterden — — I c The Town of IVhichelfea with — — 10 TtePbrt of..R™*? j its Members with{ + The Port of Hytbe with — — 5 The Port of Dover with — — 19 SZ, The Port of Smdcnich 1 Ferdziuch — >its Members with|- 5 Dale, &c. —J J In all 78 and Ships, five Ports tt Iron and Oil. From this Time all remained quiet in England, and Wil¬ liam vifited his Norman Dominions \ But the next Year produced a War on the Continent between him and France, i urwhh , h n sn" ' n w h' ic h he loft his Life by a Fever contracted with his Uif.ilgx) 6 llps Over-fatigue at the Siege of Mens, and a Fall from his Horfe, which damaged the Rim of his Belly. He died on the 9th of September , 10S7, greatly lamented by the Normans, and not iefs deferving of the Love of the EnglijJj, . had they not been prejudiced again!! him by the intrigues of the Clergy, and of the Lords, whofe Power he had leflened for the Benelit of his Subjects. William II, furnamed Rufus, the lecond Son of the hi King, fucceeded to the Throne of England, accordirg to h:s Father’s Defire ; who could never cordially forgive Robert, his elded Son’s Rebellion in Normandy. William taking the Advantage of his Brother’s Abfence in Germany at his Fa¬ ther’s Death, fecured his Incerell and Settlement on the Eng- lift Throne by a proper Diftribution of the Riches he found locked up in his Father’s Coders at Wincbejler •, and by ingra¬ tiating himfclf with th zEnglijb Nobility, whom he pretended in all his Favours to preler to the Norm a ns. However, Robert To be fitted out within 40 Days after fummoned, armed did not lufter him to continue long in Peace. Having andarrayedattheirownCharge,witli2oMenineach, befides fettled Affairs in Normandy, which was left him by his F.i- ' the Mafter of the Mariners 5 to be maintained 5 Days to- tiler’s Will, he meditated how to dethrone his Broth: r gether at their own Coft, paying to the Mafter 6d. per William \ but-inftead of looking him in the Face, he tried, Day; 6d. to the Conftable per Day; and 3 d. per Day to if poffible, to fpring a Mine under his Throne, whilft he each Mariner; and at the Expiration of thofe 5 Days to be began his Battery at an inaccefiible Diftance. He tampered maintained by the Crown. • with thofe neareft inTruft about him ; amongti whom was Another Account extracted from a Latin Roll belonging his Uncle Odo, Bifliop of Bayadx ; and they formed one to the Town of Hyde feems to be more particular, and of the moft formidable Rebellions to be met with in our nearer the Truth: This Record is thus tranflated. Hiftory ; founded on fuch furc Grounds, and managed by The-five Ports belonging to our Sovereign Lord the fuch powerful and artful Men, that the King’s Council King, that enjoy Liberties which other Ports do not, are were at a Iofs how to oppofe it. But William , who not Uajlitigs , Romenal, He lb, Dover, Sandwich the chief Town, only inherited his Father’s Courage, but his Wifdom and The Services they are obliged to perform. Readinefs of Mind alfo to extricate himfclf out of Dangers, Hajlings lhall find 21 Ships; in every Ship 21 Men, and dealt fo dextroufiy with the Confpirators fingly, that by a Boy called Gromet. To which belong as Members of. gentle Lenitives, eafing their Taxes, confirming their Pri- one Town, the Sea-lhorc in Seaford , Pevenfey , Hodeney, vileges, and indulging them more than ever King had done IVinchelfca, Rye , Thame , Behejbornc , Grenge , Nortbie , Bui- before, he prevailed with them to join with him again!! verhithe. the Invader, and, after deftroying the Forces landed in Erg- ' Romenal lhall find 5 Ships, in every Ship ar Men and land to fupport their Infurre&ion, to carry the War into a Boy; to which belong, as Members, Bromball,' Lede, Normandy again!! his Brother Robert. This anlwer’d a very Eajhuejlon , Dengemarys, old Romney. . good End to the Englijh ; for it once more put Arms into Relb lhall find 5 Ships, whofe Member is Wejlhctbe. their Hands, who during the former Reign had been kept Dover fliall provide 2 r Ships, whofe Members are Falk- under by an Army of Foreigners • and procured them n ""\ Fcverjham, and St. Margarets , not concerning the Leave to fit out Ships of Force again!! their Enemies b ; * *"- ^ which deftroyed the Norman Fleet, and foon put- ar r ’ - - 1 ’$ Defignr- 77 Land, but for the Goods and Chattels. Sandwich lhall provide 5 Ships, whofe Members Fordwicb , Reculver , Sene and Dele, ° for the Goods. 3t for the Soil, b Robert’s Defigns upon England. The Marine by this Liberty reftored to the Natives, prefently increafed for feveral Years ; but it fuffered again very much in the Expedition again!! Scotland in the Year 1091, by tlie Unfeafonablenefs ot the Weather, it being Mi¬ chaelmas before the Fleet put to Sea ; and many Ships were loft or difabled by Storms on the Scottijh Couft. However, the frequent Invafions made on Normandy afterwards, ftiew This Service, fays the fame Record, the Barons of the that Care was taken to repair the Damage, and that the five Ports do acknowledge to be their Duty to the King, maritime Power in this Reign was greatly Improved, and a by Summons for 15 Days together at their own Cofts and Check put to the Danes and others, who had given his Father Charges, accounting that for the firft Day of the fifteen, on fo much Trouble. And but for the King’s untimely Death, which they fhall fet fail upon the Service commanded by his occafioned by an accidental Shot of an Arrow from one his Majefty took the Pleafure of Hun Sum of Ships — — Of Men .— — 1 Of Boys — — fail upon the Service commanded by his occafioned b Majefty; and to ferve during the King’s Pleafure at the of the Company, as I Charge of the Crown, after the laid 1 5 Days lhall be expired. ing in Ncw-fcrcft, w. „ In the , R “ S " ° f K j n S J 0,m ( J - D - I2I 7 ') n :,krt of P ious Account of tl which were then in great Forwardness. The Abfcncc of R favour of the this Time engaged with the Crufade in the Conqutft of . ,, , - -- the King’s Name 40 tall PakJUne , was of great Advantage to Henry, the youngeft Ships, weil armed, from the Cinque-ports, and took, funk Son left by the Conqueror, in his obtaining his Broth, r or difcomfited 80 Sail of Frenchmen in a gallant Engage- miliar, d s Crown. For being fortunately upon the Spot, ment on the High-feas. We IhalUlfo fee the grea.t Services and availing himfclf of the popular Superliition, winch ingft from fome dark Exprtffions uttered by his dying Father, ^ / King John (A.D. 1217.) Burgo, then Captain of Dover, being informed of a Frencb Invafion intended by Lewis , the cldeft Son of the King of France, with a new Supply of Soldiers - ^ dilcontentcd Barons, affembled in theic Ports did under Htpry III. and Edward I. when an b Hovcden. p. 4C1, 462. Joan Or, Complete View of the British Marinis. 6? Thus end the Reigns of William the Conqueror, and Ins two Sons miim and Henry. In which we have ihewn from undoubted Authorities, the Ufe, Advantages and Necefiity of a naval Force to defend this Nation from the Encroach¬ ments of Foreigners, and to protcft our Trade: For they who rightly confider that there does not appear to have been any want of Wealth, but that on the contrary thefe three Kings raifed immenfeSums of Money on their Bri- tilh Subjects; every Shilling then containing aoout thrice tiie Quantity of Silver'it does now; muftbe convinced that the Trade then carried on mull alfo have been very con¬ siderable. Another Conviftion of the Attention paid in thefe Days to Trade, is the Law made in Henry's Reign, which gave every Wreck to the Owner, if any living Creature fhould be found on-board•. Henry all'o dillinguifhed his Zeal among thofe chriftian Princes who fent Forces to the Holy-war ; being behind¬ hand with none. His Admiral Hardine being one of the chief Commanders in that memorable Fleet of 200 Sail, that landed at Joppa, in the Year of Chrift 1102, and de¬ feated the Saracens of whom were flam 3000, but very few CbriJUans \ In the Sth Year of this fame Reign, the JerujaieinCkro- nich 1 informs us, that a very great warlike Fleet of the catholic Nation of England, to the Number, of about 7000; joined by leveral Men of War from Denmark, Flanders and Antwerp, failed ailb a Joppa in Palejline, oii'erma their Aid to Ba/dwinKing of Jerujalem, in the Siege of thcCity of Sidra, called Sagitla ; and they mud have reduced it by Ckrjhan Arms, had not Baldwin been bribed by the Saracens, with a large Sum of Money, to draw them off, and raife the Siege. All which confirms the Attention given to mari¬ time Affairs in that Age; when a Fleet, lo confidcrable a; to tranfport 7000 Men, could be fitted out, at one Time; for a Voyage a-crofs tile Weftern Ocean, and through the Straits of Gibraltar, and the Mediterranean Sea. An Ex¬ pedition, which according to the prefent (Economy, could not be performed for lels than half a Million of Money; And yet fuch is the Careleffnefs of the Monkifii Writers, to whom vve arc indebted for the Hillory of this Epoca, that we fhould never have come to the Knowledge thereof, had not the Author of the Jerufalent Chronicle preferved fuch a memorable Service, undertaken out of pure Zeal for the Support of the Cbrjlian Caufe againd the Saracens, CHAP. II. Containing the Maritime Affairs during tl King Richard I JdfENRT had taken all the prudential Steps in his ■er p owcr t0 fecure the Crown lie by Death was deprived of, to his only Child and Daughter Maud. But in vain. For fuch is the Curfe of Ufurpation, that Providence fooner or later recompc-nces tile Crime. The Throne was r.o fuoner vacant, than Stephen, the fecond Son of his Siller (whom he had made rich, and powerful by procuring for him a Match with the Hcirefs of the Earldom of Boulogne, to en¬ able him the better to fupport his Daughter’s Title, in cafe th eEnglifi, on his Demife, Ihould hefitate in their accepting of her for their Queen) feized the Throne, as Grandlon to the Conqueror, without regard either to the natural Right of his elder Brother -Theobald, Earl of Blois, or the legal Right of the Emprefs Maud, which hiraielf had fworn in the Life of her Father to maintain. But what he wanted otherwife, Stephen made up with Boldnefs, which happened, as Matters were then circuni- ftanced, to give him a better Title than Blood. As to his Brother Theobald, he ftopt his Complaints with a fmall Pen- fion. And the Engagement of his younger Brother, then Bilhop of IVincbeJler, and Pope’s Legate, for his Perform¬ ance of Promifes, which were greater than any made by former Kings, fecured to him the filtered: of the Clergy, and thereby the Crown, in wrong of his Kinfwoman, whom the People of England, in fome meafure, rejected on ac¬ count of her Sex, her covetous and griping Temper, and above all, for her Attachments to thofe foreign Interelts file had contracted by her two Marriages ; which they were afraid might, one Day, be attended with fatal Confequences • to the Liberties of England. Never was there a greater Appearance of a happy and peaceable Reign than at the Beginning of this. Stephen llrove by all means to fecure the Affeftion of his Subjects. . The Money, which Henry had feraped together by many oppreflive Methods, he difperfed among the Nobility and Clergy; and, towards all, his Performances exceeded his Promifes ; that he may even be faid tb have purchafed their Love and Fidelity, by a Relaxation of Taxes, and granting them Privileges and Immunities which none of his Pre- deceffors could be prevailed upon to part with. But no¬ thing ferved him more than his Acknowledgment of his Right to the Crown by the Election of the Clergy and People. And his Moderation kept fuch Pace with his Bounty, that the King of France his greateft, David King of Scots his neareft, and Geoffrey Earl of Anjou his moll inveterate Enemy, were ptrluaded to acknowledge him King of England ; and tho’ the firft was Coufin-german, the J'econd Uncle, and the third the Hufband of his Com¬ petitor, they all agreed with him upon certain Terms of <1 Reigns of King Stephen, King Henry II. . and King John. Peace ahd Amity, quitted their Prctenflons, and left the Lady to affert her Right alone. However Maud was not difheartened ; and taking the Opportunity of a Difiilieflion ftirred up by fome of the Bifhops, Clergy, and fevcral factious Lords, about the proper Regulation of the Cattle; and Fortifications lately built and difpofed throughout the Kingdom, which by a bad Piece of Policy the King had been perfuaded to fubftitute for the Defence of the Nation againfi: all Invaders, inltead of a Navy differed to decay in his Ports; file landed with a fmall Party of 140 Men only at Portfmoutb, in September H39, and marching di- reCtly to Arundel, ihe prefently was joined by the Mal¬ contents: The Kingdom burd out prefently into a Flame; the Cadies of Briflol, Hereford, Ludlow, Sbrewfbury, and many more declared for her; and in a little Time the Emprefs Was in a Condition to meet him in the Field of Battle ■h In this War Stephen gave great Proof of his Courage i and Maud, as great of her Wil'dom; and both of their Diligence. In the mean Time the Marine was neglected; Trade ruined, and the Land became a Field of Blood *. But while the Body-politic, thus miferably tormented with the Convulfions of Might and Right, languiflied under the growing Didemper, behold afudden Change which feemed the more mortal, for that the Grief feized upon the Head: The King is taken Prifoner, with whofe Liberty one would have thought all the Hopes of that Side had been lod; but it fo happened, that the feminine Victor found hcrfelf en¬ gaged in a more equal Conrcd with one of her own Sex, and as of the fame Spirit, fo of the fame Name. King Stephen’s Wife takes up the Sword whilft her Hulband continues a Prifoner, and heading her Hulband’s Forces, - lhe brought the Title to a fecond Trial, with fo much better S'uccefs than he, that the victorious Emprefs was forced to give place to the more victorious Queen; and fd hardly efcaped, that, to faVe her Life, Ihe was content -to be reckoned among the Dead, being carried off in a Coffin, as if lhe had been killed, and fo forced to leave him i Prifoner behind, that was indeed the Life of her Caufe, the Earl of Gloucejler her Brother, and her General, whofe Li¬ berty being fet againft that of the King, both Sides be¬ came even again in the Lid of their fatal Contention; And now the King’s Party labours to recover w’hat they had lod : thofe of the Emprefs her FaClion drove only to keep what they had gain’d ; till both having tired out and almod baffled the Courage of their Partisans at home, fought for Recruits abroad : Maui fends into Normandy, the King into Flanders ; each Side feems to fight from this Time forward, not fo much for Victory as Revenge. But * SqJden, Jan. Ang. s Chron. J Chton, Sax. p. 23S. Crompton. Malt, rorif/ Malmcib. Hilt. NovsI. 68 A NEW N AVA L H I S T O R Y: w'nilft they flight the People with a Noife of their great expelling thofe falfe Lords, that contrary to their Oath Preparations, the Bubble of Expectation ffwolen to its given to his Mother, took part with the Ufurpcr Stephen. full Height) broke, and the Hopes of either Side funk fo he at once fatisfy’d his Revenge, and confirm’d the Opi- low by the Death of Prince Eujiace , Son and Heir to the nion conceiv’d of his Jufticc and Piety ; and laftly, by King, and that of the Earl of G'.cucefier, the only Pillar reftoring the royai Navy, he fecured Trade, and main- vhicli fupported the Emprcfs, that they concluded a Peace tained his Right to the Britijb Seas, for Want of Strength, rather th3n by Defire: all Things Thus having got the Start in point of Honour, as well ending as they began, by Determination of the free Vote as of Riches, of all the neighbouring Princes his Con- of the People; who in an open Parliament at IFincleJter temporaries ; one would have thought fo profperous a Be- parted the Stakes as evenly as they could, giving to King ginning mult have concluded with as profperous an End- Stepber. the Crown during Life, to Henry Son of Maud (and ing; but it fell out quite otherwife ; for to the reft of his as fome think by Stephen) the Reverfion after his Death, Greatnels was added that of having great Troubles, andTrou- Earth, (3.) If any oneJball be convicted upon credible Evi¬ dence, that he bad drawn bis Knife againfi another *, cr that be had drawn Bleed cf him, be Jball hfe bis Hand. (4.; And if any enejhikes another with bis Hand without drawing Blood, be Jball he ducked thrice in the Sea. *- (5.) Wbofoever Jball uje opprobrious or contumelious Speeches, or cttrfe bis Companion, Jball pay as many Ounces of Sihcr as be Jball barae reviled or mifufed him. (6.) Any one convffied of Theft faall he Jbsrne or Jbavon ad modum campionis, and boiling Pitch poured upon bis Head, and Jlrewsd with the Down of Feathers that be may he known, and Jet afbore at tbejird Port the Fleet Jball make. Witnejs ibe King bimjelj at Calais c . And by another Proclamation he commanded the faid Ma¬ riners to be obedient to the Words and Commands of tbofe Officers to whofe Care he had committed the Fleet f . The two Armies raifed by Richard and Philip confifted of 100,000 Men and upwards s; fo that after their Treaty figned at Vezelai, having marched together as far as Lyons, they found it neceflary to feparate Philip taking the Rout of Geneva JRichard, of Marjeilles, where he arrived before his Fleet, which had been feparated and detained by a Storm 5 and Part of them forced into UJlon, at the Time the Moors befieged the Town of Santaren, and were contained by the King of Portugal to affift him in raffing the Siege K weigh Anchor till the 10th of April, waiting for his Mo¬ ther and Berenguella or Berengaria, Princels of Navarre- his deflined Spoufe. Upon their Arrival, Richard de parted from Mejfma with a glorious Fleet of 150 tall Ships, and 3^ great Gallies well manned and armed, befides ter large Ships laden with Provffions and Ammunition, and r great Number of Yatchs and Tenders for the Service oi the Fleet: Which meeting with a Storm in the Archipe¬ lago were difperfed, fome to the Ifle of Crete with the King on-board, and came to anchor in the Haven at Rhodes: others were driven on the Ifle of Cyprus, with the Queer Dowager Joan, and the King’s Spcufe Bcrengana on¬ board ; and fome were wrecked, on-board of which was Roger the King’s Vice-chancellor, who was found floating on the Sea with the King’s Seal hanging about his Neck. The King of Cyprus, named ljaac, retained luch a Ha¬ tred to the Engljh, that he denied them Entrance, as thev flood oft the Port of Umijfo ; and made them Pri loner who efcaped the Ship-wreck, and fazed their Effich Which King Richard being informed of by his Scouts di! patched to find out his Queen and Sifter, he immediate!;, vowed Revenge againft the Tyrant, and gathering all hi Force together invaded Cyprus, reduced the Ifland to hi: Obedience, and feized upon the Tyrant, his Daughter Of .Complete View of the British Marine. “ vigacion, ’tel, que pueda rcgir la Nave a falla de Pi- &attx, orany other Place, happens in theCourfeof « loco,” according to the Ordinances of Spain. The Mate’s to be rendered unfit to proceed therein, and tl 73 lierVoj Command reached from the Stern to the Mi latter included. It will not be thought improper by the Curious to mention here the feveral Officers of a Ship, ei¬ ther Men of War or Merchant-men, us they were diftin- guilhed abroad, a Century ago. In Royal Navies, the firft Officer was the Admiral s then the Vice-admiral; then the Captain-major, or Chief of a Squadron. In every Man of War, the firft Officer the Captain, Mariners Lading as poffibly they can ; if the Tenants require the Goods of the Mailer, he may deli- them if he pleafes, they paying the Freight in proper- • to the Part of the Voyage that is performed, and the is of the Salvage : But if the Matter can readily repair s Veffel, he may do it; or, if he pleafes, he may freight iother Ship to perform his Voyage. And if he has pro- People who helped him to fave the Ship, the Colts fecond the Pilot, who enjoyed that Place third, or the half Part of the Goods faved, for the Dang r. r.rr.j —' tliey^ran, the ^Judicatures of the-Country Ihould confidef ' '' 'ey have been at, and reward them ' _ any regard to the Promifes made them by the Parties concerned in the Time of their Diftrcfs. Obfervalicn. This Law does not relate to an entire Lofs, '.' ' ~ ° ' Shipwreck, b Science he profeffed and praflifed to him was the Matter, who had the Charge of the Tackle the'Pains and Trouble and Furniture, and then the Captain and Lieutenant of the accordingly, without Soldiers. In a Merchant-man, the firft.Officer was p- Matter, the fecond the Pilot, the third the Mate, the four the Faftor or Supercargo; then his Affiftant, Accomp. ... _ mts, the Surgeons, the Steward, four Corporals, the Cook, the Difabling of a Ship, fo that file cannot proceed in her the Gunner, the Cockfwain; the Gunr tiled to work before the Malt, as well as tl There is a great deal of Difference between Precedency on-board of Ships now, and what For the Captain and Lieutenant of the Soldiers would til ’ ' ' ' to the Pilot and Matter of ‘ tie Factor .'n the M Surpcrcargo will as difficultly be perfuaded r of a Vefiel’s Superiority, except in what Voyage without Refitting. In which Cafe, the Merchants c reu oi tnc may have their Goods again, paying the Freight, in pro¬ portion to the Way the Ship made. If the Merchant has the Order of not Money to pay the Freight, and the Matter will not vas formerly :• credit, the latter may take-his Goods inpayment at the Market-price'. If tile Mailer can, in a little Time, refit his Veffel, and render her fit to continue her Voyage; that is, if he can do it in three Days Time at the .molt, according to the licmfe-Jciat Laws; or if he will himfelf take Freight for Superiority, relates 10 uic Navigating the Ship. ..... .. ; Article 2. If a Ship or other Veffel beiri Port, waiting the Merchandife aboard forWeather and a Wind to depart, the Malter ought ' that, comes, before bis Departure, to confult.his Coi and fay to them ; Gentlemen, what think you ofthisWind.: If any of them fee that it is not fettled, and advife him K Itay tilt it is ; and others, on the contrary, would have him Allov/a...... ........ .... . make life of it as fair; he ought to follow the major Part: there was adjudged to the Di It he does otherwife, and the Veff- 1 l--'—-- —e— he ill all be obliged to make good the Value upon a juft Appraifemer Obfivoalim, It is a Maxim, or a general Sea-law, that a Milder of a Ship Ihall never fail out of a Port, never weigh or drop Anchor, cut Mads or Cables, or, indeed, do any thing of Confequence, let him be in whatever Dan¬ ger may happen, without the Advice of the major Part of lis Company, and the Merchants, if there are any aboard : d for i which he was .bound, he may do it; and,-i. .... impany. Accident did not happen by any Fault of his, the Freight ,, Ihall be paid him, by the Rhodian Laws'. As for the Charges of Salvage, there are very great theSah’ers, Lege Jibed.' By this Law ind Salvers, the half, the le fame, according to to the Depth of the Water out"of which they w.... fifteen, eight, or one fathom ; as alfo a tenth Part for Sal¬ vage on the Coaft, and the fifth to him that, faving himfelf, carries and faves fomething with him. The Promifes that are extorted in Danger upon this Account, ought always to be regulated according to Juftice, with Reafon and Pro- without keeping to the Expreffions of fuch Pro- He mutt call, all togethe, l«uu« Art. 3. If any Veffel, thro’Misfc , ^ __ . away, in whatsoever Place it be, the Mariners‘fliall be obli- Ship ged to ufe tlieir bed: Endeavours for faving as much of the Means die bmp and Lading as poffibly they can : And if they pre- -"r..„„i.i„ lerve Part thereof, the Matter Ihall allow them a reafonable Confideracion to.carry them Home to their own Country ; and in cafe they fave enough to enable the Matter to do tins, he may lawfully pledge, to fome honed: Perfohs, fuch .- ...., .... Part thereof, as may be diffident for that Occafion. But have wherewithal. of'If not endeavoured to fave as aforefaid, then the Matter Ihall not be bound to provide for them in any thing, but ought to keep them in fafe Cnftody, until he Itnnws the 1 leafure of the Owners ; in which he may aft a prudent Matter, for if he does otherwife, he Ihall Art. 5. If a Veffel departing from one Port, laden or happens to be catt empty, arrives -at another, the Mariners thall not leave the "■ " ' Matter’s Confent: If they do, and by that is to be loft or damnified,, they thall be Damage ; but .if the Veffel be moored, be obliged to make SatisfacV Obfervation. The Ship’s Crew lies in their Power to fave Things from Shipwreck, anc. ?nd rhot "i ,at $ ey . kVC ’ on P 3in of iofin S thdr Wages s and thole that hinder or difluade them from it, fhali be teverely pumfhed. This Law is very well explained by an Ordinance of King Philip n. of s f ai , h in th P Year X By which it is ordained, that the Seamen diall be bound to •ne as much as they can from Shipwreck ; and, in fuch Cafe, the Matter , s b0[lnd t0 ^ tfcirW ’" ' to give them a further Reward for their Labour out of the Goods . But it the Seamen refbfe to do their Endeavour to f Art a Vd?n 1 ' 1 ' ndthcr have P ‘T nor R'^rd ". ART.4. II at did departing wich her Lading from Uour- and lying at Anchor, with a fufficient Number of Men aboard to keep-the Decks and Lading, they may go with¬ out the Matter’s Confent, if they come back in good Time, otherwife they thall be liable to make Satisfaftion, if they vithal. m. In regard to this Article relating to Seamen, .. ..... .,w. ee unacceptable to the Reader to obferve, what other Cuftoms and Ordinances we have met with concerning them. 0 Mariners are obliged to look carefully after every Thing . that relates to the Prefervation of the Ship and Goods', iged to do all that For which Reafon, they ought not to go a-lhore and leave " ." ’ the Veffel, without the Matter’s or Mate’s Permittion : If they do, they are bound to anfwer to all the Damages that happen to the Ship or Merchandife in their Abfences. If any Seaman goes a-diore without Licence, and' if in his Abfence the Ship happens to be loft for want of Hands, the Seaman thus abfent Ihall be. apprehended,' and kept a Bread and Water; and, if any one Ihould Year in Prifon he killed or of it, he ft 8o A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: fixing a Flacart of it on the Doors of the Parith-church. change their Proprietors; but may be claimed and rc- Thstonfulate provides for the Salvers more largely, al- covered by them, within the lawful Time appointed by- lowing them half of the Goods faved, and the Lord and Ordinances and Cuftoms to claim, even while the Goods the Poor the other half, cap. 252. By Come Laws in are in being and unfold, as appears by what has been Laid Or, Complete View of the British Marine; land in England ; and 1 far exceeded that of F. the Approach of the i Wind, as pretended ; bt the Interpofition of the Interim to King John, repelling any Force that could he held with John 's Ambaffadors, ahd the Difdain with s Fleet; that covered the Coaft, which he rejefted the Offer; as alfo the Provocation given mce. In this Pollute John waited by the Pope and ills Adherents ; there is very little Doubt ■each, who waited only for a fair to be made of its Veracity. ; as appears more' probable (from Upon his Return into England, which iiappehed in AV ’ope’s Legate, who came in the i-eml/cr, that fame Year, the Barons, lengthened by the to offer his Compromife) were Misfortunes of theit Prihce, had drawn their Demands into : of a Battle, that might be at- Form \ and they infilled fo peremptorily oh his Royal Con- ences to Frances the Englijh Ar- firmation of them; that there was no Alternative left to the Interpofition of the Pope’s Legate, who came in the vernier, that fame Year, the Barons, lengthened by the Interim to King John, to offer his Compromife) were Misfortunes of their Prihce, had drawn their Demands into afraid to venture the Iffue of a Battle, that might be at- Form ; and they infilled fo peremptorily oh hiS Royal Con¬ tended with bad Confequences to Frances the Englijh Ar- firmation of them; that there was no Alternative left to mament having exceeded all Expectations. John fearing the his Majellv, but either to cdmply, or put the Iffue to the Treachery of his Barons", was prevailed upon to fubmit Fate Of a civil War. He inclined to the Latter, but his himfelf and Kingdom to the See of Romes on Condition, Finances Were fo exhaulled, and the Event of a War witli that Philip lliould be prohibited to proceed in his Expedi- his Barons fo hazardous to himfelf, ahd ruinous to his tion againlt England \ Subjects, that he granted all they allied in the great Char- Thus ended Philip’s Attempt upon England. But hav- ter, which to this Day is called Magna Ciarla, and the in 11 fufpedted that the Earl of Flanders had fecretly corref- Bafis of tile Liberties of this Nation c. ponded with King John *, lie, therefore, ordered his Fleet Had John rciled Contented after this Agreement, It is to fail to the Coalls of Flanders, and he himfelf followed probable the reft of his Reign might have been fpent ih with iiis Army by Land. And the Earl of Flanders being Peace: But repenting of lus Condefcenfion, he involved thus attacked upon King John’s Account, he could in himfelf in a new and more defperate War with his Nobles; Honour do no lels than hallen to his Aid. To this End by revoking the faid Charter, or at lead refufing to com- he lent him a Fleet, confiding of five Hundred Sail, com¬ manded by William Earl of Salijbury ; his Brother William Duke of Holland-, and Reginald Earl of Boulogne. They met with the French Fleet on the Coaft near Dam, a City- of Handers, and obtained a fignal Victory over it; and then, landing their Forces, they obliged the French to re- I tire, after having fuftained a confiderable" Lofs. Father : Daniel, in his Account of this Sea-fight, in which, how- ; ever, he quotes Mattb. Paris, allows, that three Hundred 1 Sail of French Ships, moll of them of Burden, and filled i y with the Contents ; by which he forfeited his Royal r ord, and drew upon himfelf filch a Force, that Obliged m to fly to the JJk of Wight, and commit his Perfon to e Protection of his bailors, who never forfook him in ail i Diftreffes. WcndeVer writes, that finding lie could not ep fafe alliore, the King took Sanftuary in his Ships; d by harrafiing tile Ellates of his Enemies along the Coaft; d leizing the VelTels of his dilloyal Subjects, he fupporteil Tifclf and thofe few Loyalifts who took Part in his Mis^ erfdk, Suffolk, Dorfet, and 5 ford, EJfex, Cornwall and D .c Cinque Ports. III. f. Commerce, during the ld III, and Richard II S8 A N E W N A V A L HISTORY: Thu Charter was a!fo . Denmark and Brunfwig or Brmfwiek*. A Charter was alfo granted to the Merchants of Ger- snnny, who were fettled at the Steelyard in London, in this “ At the Requeft of the moil gracious Prince Richard, “ King of the Ramans, our mod beloved Brother, We “ do grant unto the Merchants of Germany, namely unto “ thole who have a Houfe in our City of London, com- “ aronly called rhe Guildhall of the Dutch Merchants, that t: we will throughout our whole Realm maintain all and “ every of them in all thofe Liberties and free Cuftoms, “ which both in our Reign, and in the Reigns of our Pro- “ genitors, they have ufed and enjoyed. Neither will we “ inforcc ! them beyond thofe Liberties and free Cuftoms, “ nor in any wife permit them to be inforced \ In wit- It is ncceflary to be obferved, that by this Charter it ap¬ pears the Dutch Merchants had been fettled, and enjoyed certain Privileges in England many Tears before; becaufe it refers to the Liberties and free Cuftoms granted to them by this King’s Progenitors. And the like Obfervation is properly made on the Charter granted 20th Henry III. to the Merchants of Colcn. All which, and the Law paffed 13th Henry III. for re¬ gulating fotne Branches of the Weaving Bufinel's, in the Giherent Kinds of Broad-eloth, occalioned by an Attempt of the Scotch to rival England in this Staple-commodity, might fufuce to give the Reader a juft Idea of the State of both our foreign and domeftic Trades and of the Sourifliing Condition of our Manufactures. The Care that was taken of the current Coin in this Reign, is another Argument of the Government’s Atten¬ tion to the national Commerce. The Dealers complained of the Money, which had been greatly diminilhed and dipt by the Jems. To redrels which Evil, a Standard of Weight was ordained: And it was agreed, that to obviate the Fraud, which had been introduced upon the Conqueror's Standard who ordained that a Penny fhould weigh 32 Grains of Wheat out of the miriit of the Ear, that for the future, there Ihould be fubftituted 24 Pieces of Brafs, equal in Weight to the 31 Grains of Wheat, and allowed to be the Penny-weight: Becaufe Brafs cannot be fubjeft to the like Inconveniencies and Variations as Wheat is by the Change of Weather; and 24 Parts is an eafier Number to divide than 32. And as a further Caution, it was alfo ordained, that ail Payments fhould be made by Weight =. It may be hinted upon the Credit of the Monkijb Wri¬ ters, efpecially of Matthew Paris, who hated him as much or more than they did his Father, and reprefent him in the worft of Lights, both as a Tyrant and a Beggar, that the Stare of the Nation in this Reign was very poor, and confequently that its Trade was brought very low. But if we review the feveral Expeditions of the King into France, Ireland, Wales, &c. of his Brother Richard into Syria, and his expenfive Purchaie of a Title in Germany -, of his Son Edward's, and many of his Nobles, againft the Saracens the Sums it coft both Parties in his Wars with the Barons; and the feveral Supplies granted him by Parliament, a Ca¬ talogue of which is recited by Speed' ; there will be more Realbn to wonder where fo much Money could be drawn from, to be fpent chiefly in foreign Countries, than to doubt of the extenlive and profitable Trade, which was ncceflary to anfwcr thofe extraordinary Demands. And what Improvements might there not have been made in our Commerce, had the State of the Nation beer, more fettled! Edward the Firft, the Son of Henry deccafcd, tho’ ab- fent in the Holy-mars, was fo highly efteemed by the Eng- lifi for his Virtue, that notwithftanding it was the latter Hnd of July £ , before he arrived in England, he was una- nimoufly acknowledged his Father’s SuccefTor -, and the Kingdom remained undifturbed by any Competitor, or Faction. In his way to England, his Majefty made a ihort Stay in Sicily, from thence he made the Tour of Italy thro’ Rente, and was received at the Defcent of the .dips. the Merchants of as he entered Savoy, by a great Number of Prelates ami Peers of England, congratulating his Safety, and paying their Homage. And before he pad over into England, his Majefty fettled the Affairs ol his Dominions on the A univerfal Joy feemed to fpread over the whole Nation on his Arrival at London. His Coronation was performed with all convenient Speed, in the Abbey of St. Peter’s Wejiminjlcr, in the Prel'ence of Alexander King of Scots, the Duke of Bretagne, and a Multitude of the Engiijh Nobi- Iityj who endeavoured to out-do each other in Marks of Loyalty and Affection b . The inteftine Divifions, which had made his Father fo unhappy, were greatly abated by the Deaths of the factious Chiefs. And to prevent the Revival of national Difcon- tents, he immediately applied himfelf to compofe old Dif¬ ferences among the fuperior Nobility -, and to make Laws for reftraining the Licentioul'ntfs of the People ; promoting and protecting Trade, and to fecure the Throne from all Attempts that had made it fo uncafy under his Progenitors.- In thefe Precautions Edward paid a peculiar Regard to the Depredations of the Welch and Scots on the Borders, and to the Security of the Inhabitants on the Sea-coaits, which could not be done without putting the Navy into a refpec- uble Condition. The firft Ul'e of Arms In this Reign was againft Lionel* lin Prince of Wales, who refufing to pay Homage, alter the Cuftom of his Anceftors, to King Edward, and de¬ pending upon his Alliance with France, and fuperftitioufly led by the Interpretation of fome old Prophecies, to ima¬ gine himfelf able to contend with England, drew upon him the Refentment of his Sovereign, who fent a powerful Army to reduce him to his Obedience; and at the fame Time commanded his Squadron to fail from Brijlol ro pre¬ vent his receiving any foreign Aid by Sea. This Squadron took a French Ship, with the Daughter of Simon Maun/erd, the late rebellious Earl of Leicejler, intended to be given to Llewellin in Marriage, in hopes of ftrengthening his Inte- reft among the Engiijh Barons: And fo effefttully aflilled the Royal Army to reduce his Country to fucli a low Con¬ dition, as to oblige him to fubmif to the following hard Conditions of Peace 1 . Firft, To pay to the King uf Eng¬ land 50,000 /. Sterling, if demanded. Secondly, That he Ihould pay a Fine of 5000 Marks, and the yearly Rent of ioou Marks k , to the Crown of England, for the Fee-farm of the Ifle of Angleley ; and that after Llewellin’s Death, the Kingdom of Wales Ihould be diffolved, and be added to the Crown of England. Edward, to Ihew his Reconciliation to be fincere, here¬ upon not only gave Llewellin the Lady betrothed to him, but honoured the Nuptials with his own Prefence But the Welch are not to be overcome by Civilities, nor to be tied by Treaties, which they efteem dilhonourablc and hurtful. So that we foon find them again in Arms”, headed by Llewellin and his Brothers. The Cruelties com¬ mitted by the Welch in this War were extravagant: And taking the Engiijh unprepared, it was for a while very doubtful on what fide Victory would declare. But Edward having fummoned together all his Forces, purfued them to the utter Deftruftion of their State ; flew Lkwelin ; and, adding Wales to his other Dominions, declared his new¬ born Son Edward, Prince thereof “; and put an End to the Britcjh Race °. In order to put an End to the Fatigues and Hazards from thefe Quarters for the future, the King diftributed the inland Country to the Lords that had ferved him in this War; eftablillied Engiijh Laws and Officers for their Government; and kept ail the maritime Towns and ftrong Holds on the Sea-coaft in his own Poffeflion. By which Policy he fecured the Affeffions of the Lords; lie civilized the People ; encouraged Induftry and Trade, and cut off all their Dependance and Connection with foreign Powers. . The Riches of thefe Times may be gueffed at from King Edward’s Bounty of 30,000 /. cowards the Ranlom of Charles Prince of Achilla y taken in .1 Sea-fight on the Coaft .4.D. 10S3. Tho. Rudbom. « Sat. 53 Hen. IH. ' Speed's t-Roet. Higden, lib. t il. 1 U dlingnani. Pulydor. Virg. l ab.iiii. • Polychr. lib. VII. Or, Cdifiplete View of the British Marine. pi fl>ould liot be admitted to Bail*. And for the better re- “ Pannage, Arid .that in Cities, Boroughs, and Market-'- llorin" the Coin to its ancient Purity, in'his third Year he “ towns of the faid Kingdom and Dominion they may dtablifhed, That in a Pound of Money, containing twelve “ traffick only by the Great, as well with the natural Sub- Ounccs, there Ihould be eleven Ounces Two-pence Far- “ jefts and Inhabitants of our aforefaid Kingdom and Do¬ rians pure Leaf-filver, commonly Called Silver ot Gh.' 4 c«h- “ minion, as with Foreigners) Strangers; or private Per- Une°a\A Seventeen-pence Halt-penny Farthing Allay ) the “ fons: Yet fo, that thtife Merchandifes, which are com- faid’Pound to weigh twenty Shillings and Three pence in “ monly called mercery Wares, and Spices, may be fold Account i the Ounce Twenty-pence , every Penny twenty-- “ by the Small, as heretofore hath been acciiftrirrirri. And four Grains and a Half". Yet nctwithftanding all this Care, the Jews were not deterred from trying Practices on the current Coin* From the feventh Year of this lame Reign, the Money was fo ____ much detaced by rounding and clipping, that it was ne- “ dom, thofe Merchandifes which they Ihall bring"_ celTary to call it in, to be re-coined. But in order to pu- “ foreiaid Realm and Dominion, or buy, or otherwife pur- niih the Criminals, and tb make up the Deficiencies of “ chafe in our faid Realm and Dominion, paying fucli the Coinage, all the Jeivi were feized throughout England “ Cultoms as they ought to do ; except only Wines °which one Dav, that the Guilty might not eicapes and great “ it fhall not be any ways lawful for them to ca’rry out by the Small, as heretofore hath been accuftomed. And “ that all the aforefaid Merchants miy carry, or eaufc to be carried, whither they will, as well within our Realm or Dominion, as out of the fame j faving unto the Coun- of . tbemanifeft and known Enemies of our King- Numbers of them, being convifted of clipping and coining were executed, and their Elfatcs, Goods and Chattels were eltreared to the King’s Ule c . But the greateft Improvement of the Money feems to have been in the 1 Sth Year of this Reign ; when the King, > perfeft this great Work, employed certain Florentines in making Money, and exchanging Silver. They, on this “ of thole which are Owners of their Lodgings. ‘ of ot ‘ Realm and Dominion. “ 2 - Item, that the aforeli-id Merchants may at clieir Plca- fure lodge and remain with their Goods in the Cities; Boroughs, and Towns aforefaid, with the good LikinV 1 Towns aforefaid, \ OccafionT had thirty Furnaces in London, eight at Canter-, Imry , befides three belonging to the Arcbbiihop, twelve at Brtjlo !, twelve at Turk, befides many more in other great Towns; in ail which Places, the King’s Changers, at cer¬ tain Rates or Piices prefcribed to them, took in the clipped, bought Gold and Silver of the Merchants anu others to” be “ the principal Bargai; fabricated into new Money. To fecure which from De- “ arife about the far... _.... , facing and Diminution, ic was ordained, by Proclamation “ thereof ihall be made according to the Ufes and Cuftomf throughout the whole Kingdom, That whoever ihould clip “ of the Fairs and Towns where it chanced that the faid 'he new Money Ihould be hanged, quartered, and forfeit “ Bargain was made and contrafted. 3- Item, that every Bargain made by die faid Mer¬ chants with any Manner of Perfons, of what Places fu- eYer they be, lor any kind of Merchandife whatfoever, fhall be firm and ftable, lb that none of both the Mer- chants Ihall fhrinlt or give back from that Bargain, after that the Earned-penny be once given and taken between ;. And it peradventureany Strife Bargain; the Trial and Enquiry all their Lands, Tenements, LV. lifted', That no other Coin Ihould be current bi Kings of England, Ireland and Scotland ; that fucli ... _ arrive from beyond Seas, fliould fliew the Money they of the “ ing for ever 1 filould “ we will not ir promife the aforefaid Merchants grant'- >r us and our Heirs, chat from henceforth any wife make, nor caufe to be made, any ly Delay by reafon of Arreft of their the King’s Officers, and not hide it between “ Wares, Merchandifes or other Goods, by ourfelves. n Fardels or Bales, upon nain nr Fnrfi-inm «« K„ ... r- m..j . Henry Wakis , Mayor of London , it was afterwards forbid “ ment of fuch a Price as the Merchants would have fold by any other or others, for any Need or Accident againft the Will of the laid Merchants, without prefent *Payc > bring foreign light and bafe Money into England, ... Forfeiture of Life and Goods ; and to carry Silver Coin or Place out of the Realm •. To thefe Obfcrvations on Money we Ihall add that re¬ markable Charter granted by the fame King f to loreign Merchants, tor the greater Incouragemvnt of Trade, winch for its Contents was called the Merchant’s great Charter*. . “ Edward by tile Grace of God King of England, Lord “ of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine ,-to Archbiffiops, Bifiiops, “ Ajbot?, Priors, Furls, Barons, Juftices, Vilcounts, Go- ‘‘ vernors, O,liters, and ail Bailiffs, and his faithful Peo¬ ple, iendeth Greeting. We have fpecial Care for the good Efface of all Merchants of the Kingdoms, Lands, “ and Countries following, to wit, of Almaine, France, Portugal, Navarre , Lombardy, Florence, Provence, r Duchy of Aquitaine, Lbolofe, Catnr- thofe Merchandifes for to other Men, or without m ■■ king of them other Satisfaction, fo that they (hall hold “ them (elves well contented ; and that no Price or Valu- “ ation (hall be fet upon their Wares, Merchandifes, and “ Goods, by os, or by any Officer of ours. “ 5- Item, we will that all Bailiffs and Officers of Fairs, “ Cities, Boroughs, and Market-towns, Ihall do fpeedy “ Ju fti ce from Day to Day without Delay, according to the “ Law of Merchants h , to the aforefaid Merchants, when “ they Ihall complain before them, touching all and fine c: gular Caufes, which may be determined by the fame “ Daw. And if Default be found in any of the Bailiffs “ or Officers aforefaid, whereby the faid Merchants or any “ °f them have fultained, or do fulfain any Damage thro’ “ Delay, though the Merchant recover his Loffes againft “ the Farty principal, yet the Bailiff, or other Officer, bejjunifned to us-ward, according to the Quality Inch come into our Kingdom of England, and there main, tnst tile faid Merchants may live in quiet and full , .. verity under our Dominion in Time to come. Where- “ where Punilhment of Death is directions may be more readily -inclined . our .Servian t | ]e Service of our Kingdc Brabant, and of all other foreign Coun- “ of the Default. And vie do grant this Punilhme... ... it Name foever they be called, “ favour of the aforefaid Merchants, in regard of the haffening of their Juftice. all Manner of Pleas, faving in cafe of Death is to be inflicted, Where a Merchant is impleaded, or fueth another, of what Con¬ dition foever he be which is fued, whether Stranger or Home-born, in Fairs, Cities, or Boroughs, where fuf- “ fiCient Numbers of Merchants of the torefaid Countries “ are, and where the Trial ought to be made, let the one “ half of the Jury be ot tile faid Merchants, and the other “ half of good and lawful Men of the Place where the “ Suit fhall fall out to be; and if fufficient Number of “ Merchants of the faid Countries cannot be four : put “ favourably agreeing to their Petitions, for the° fuller af- „ ftV Vu™' “roaming m form as lolloweth: -lift, that all Merchants of the faid Kingdoms and „ C ° u "tr:« may come into our Kingdom of England, and oht Serjeants, and Archers on Borfeback, five Thou- fand one Hundred and hour, each by the Day, Six-pence. Paunccnars, (they were molt Strangers, and perhaps lo called from the ancient Saxon and German Word Pantzcrn , which fignifies a Coat of Mail) three Hundred fifty-five, each by the Day, Six-pence. Hobelars (perhaps Pioneers, from the Saxon and German Verb, bobelcn, to plain or make even) live Hundred, each by the Day, Six-pence. Archers on Foot, fifteen Thoufand four Hundred and Eighty, each by the Day, Three-pence. Mafons, Carpenters, Smiths, Engineers, Tent-makers, Miners, Gunners armed, and thole that had the Care of the Artillery, three Hundred and fourteen, lbme at a Shil¬ ling, others at Ten-pence, Six-pence, and Three-pence, by the Day. Welchmen , Foot, four Thoufand, four Hundred and Seventy-four, whereof two hundred Vintenars, each by the Day, Four-pence; the Rtfidue, each by the Day, Two- The whole Number of the Men of the Army was, be- fides the Lords, thirty-one Thoufand, two Hundred and Ninety-four. Matters, Captains, Mariners and Boys, for ieven hun¬ dred Ships, Barges, Balingtrr, and Victuallers, fixteen Thoufand. The Sum Total of the War, with the Wages of the Mariners, from the fourth of June , in the twentieth Year of Edward III. to the twelfth of October, in the twenty- firft Year of his Reign, one Year and a hundred and 'thirty-one Days, one Hundred twenty-feven Thoufand, Hundred and one Pounds, Two-(hillings and Nine- 3 Neither thefe Misfortunes, nor the facred Ties of the if 282 hte Truce, were Efficient to deter the French Monarch 2 ^ 4^ ~ from attempting privately to effedt by Treafon, what he 2 ^6 o could not hope to obtain by Force. The Governor of ^ ^ Calais was particularly tempted with a large Bribe to deli- 1 ^ * ver it up : But King Edward receiving Intelligence of the 1 17 1 17 Plot, arrivc< ^ * n r ^ at Fortrefs with his Son, and nine hun- - ' ' dred fe1e& Men at Arms, and Archers, fo fuddenly and 1 fecretly by Night, that the twelve hundred French, who ^ r> 1 ! j ^ ~ were to be put in Poffefiion, were all either killed or taken J 2 \ Prifoners, on their Approach to the Walls of Calais b . I ® This fame Year, in the Month of November, zSpanifi _ 1 ^ Fleet, in the Time of a profound Peace between the two Total of the North Fleet 217 4521 2,7 452, Nations, piratically liized ten- Merchant-Ihips in ' J _ ' the Channel, returning from Gajcoigne , plundered them or their Cargoes, murder’d the Sailors, and funk the Ships. This lnfulc and Lofs being reprefented by the Merchants, his Majefty refolved in Perfon to make Reprizals, till he could give his Subjects full Satisfa&ion. A Fleet of fifty Sail was immediately ordered to be fitted for Sea; and being inform’d that a rich Fleet was ready to depart from Sluys, he, accompanied with the Prince of Wales, and a great Number of Nobility of the firft Rank, went on-board, and waited for it off Wincbelfca ; and tho’ it confifted of 44 large Carracks, which appeared in the Water like float¬ ing Cattles above the Englijh , and for a confiderable Time made an obftinate Defence, was obliged to yield to the Su¬ periority of the Englijh Archers, none efcaping, but fuch as fled under the Cover of the Night, The Englijh took 17, fome fay 24 or 26 Sail of thefe large Ships, richly- laden with Cloth, (3 V. befides what were funk; and thole that recovered their own Coaft, were fo (battered that they t* T’*. fcWW “ caui u y uie sj\x y, oix-imuings ana Jivery tning remained ror a wnne in perfe£t Tranquillity ig t-pence. on Side of France , till the Death of Philip dc Valois , r ior Jv ur Barons and Bannerets, each by the Day, which happened this Year alfo-, and the Truce was re- “fa. newed withes his Succefior, for four Years. But the' 'v ** an ^ an ^ forty-fix Knights, each by the Day, French Perfidy, having firft endeavoured to find the Englijh iwo-lhillings. 'enough to do at Home by fpi^iting up and aflifting the f. j Conftables, Captains and Leaders, four Thou- Scots with Money to attack the Northern Borders, cried all and and Twenty-two, each by the Day, One-Chilling. Means to drive the Englijh out of France-, which obliged Ed- V intenars, that had the Command of twenty Men, or, ward to fend the Duke, late Earl of Lancajler , with a ftrong Scrres ’ Daniel, Froifiard. Walfingh. A. D. > 349 - c About Midfummer, 1350. Speed. Trivet. Foreigners. Bayon I5 43g 15 439 Spain 7 .84 y 184 Ireland r 25 I 35 Handers 4 134 14 133 Guddcrland i 24 1 24 Total of the whole Fleet 738 14956 738 14956 The Charge of the King’s Fleet and Army in this Ex¬ pedition may be colletfed from the following Account 3 . The Prince of Wales twenty Shillings per Diem. u ML mwvuw men umi wuau, w«c » The Bifliop of Durham, Six-fhillings and Eight-pence, had great Difficulty to get into Harbor E / h ‘ rteen Earls, each by the Day, Six-fhillings and Every thing remained for a while in A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: r, with Orders to rake the Coaft ; who ac- Parliament, to refume his Right to the Crown of France K it the Suburbs of Boulcgn, plundered Efta- The Refolution of Parliament to fupport his Majefty on irg and lermeimt, burnt above ico VelTels this Occafion with their Lives and Fortunes, put Charles urs, proceeded with Fire and Sword to Argues upon a Projeft to terrify the Englifa with an Invafion: For , and 11 ruck fuch a Terror into the whole which Purpofe he coMed a very numerous Fleet, p ur . It John i'ued for a new Truce by the Media- chafed or hired from all Parts ol, Europe. But Edward, jpe S which was granted. But the relllcfs convinced by the Experience of all Ages, that fo long as he trer.cb Monarch, in Defiance of all Trea- he could maintain tire Dominion of the Seas, he Ihould i Power, forced Edward to penetrate once have nothing to fear from the Continent, equipped ln s Heart ot his Country, to maintain his Right Fleet with all Expedition; which no fooner appeared at ■ith which Duchy King Jobr. ventured to in- Sea, under the Command of his Son the Duke of Ltm. le Dauphin. cafier, but the French fculked into their Harbours, dif- rd on his Part invefied his Son alfo with the embarked their Forces, and with great Difficulty prevented Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 105 Obfcurity was generally called an Abyfs. Some laid it obtain the Land he hoped to find. The Nearncfs of the was'the Mouth of Hell, and were upheld in their Opi- Obfcurity did augment their Fears, it appearing higher nlons by Divines, as Ample as themfelvcs, who offered to and bigger as they nearer approached to it. About Mid- prove, both by Argument and Authorities, that it might day the Sea feemed altogether darkned, an unufual Black- very well be fo. The Hiftorian who pretends to be more nefs filling the whole Horizon ; neither was there anySign knowing than the others, did efteem it to be the Ifland an- of Land, for the grofs Cloud, into which they were notv piently called Cipango, which God had wonderfully hidden entered, covered both Sea and Sky; This was the Caufe in the Clouds to proteft the Spanijh and Portuguefe Biiliops of a ilrange Confufion ; and the Vicinity of their fuppoftd and Chriftians, who had retired themfelves thither, out of Danger, made them all cry out and earneftly entreat Goe¬ the Perfecution of the Moors and Saracens. And that it falvo chat he would not proceed ; which if he did, they was direflly contrary to God’s Pleafure to endeavour a looked upon themfelves as dead Men, befecching him not clearer Difcovery ; for if he had pleafed to have it per- to be the Deftrudlion of fo many Innocents, formed, he would have manifefted his Approbation by Their Outcries did not at all ftartle their Captain ; but fuch Miracles as ufually precede his Allowance ; and that calling together the Officers, Mariners, and Soldiers, anil befides, divers fuch 'ancient Prophecies, under fevere Pe- placing himfelf to be heard by them all, more to juftify nalties, forbid the further Search into this Myltery. his Conltancy, than futisfy their Dcfires, he made them Gonfalvo failed towards the Ifie of Porto Santo in very this Oration, fair Weather, and proper for his Voyage; but fearing in the Dark he might pafs fomething worthy of Note, he made them every Night lower their Sails, and lie at Hull, proceeding only in the Day, that he might the better fee any Land they Ihould accidently difeover. This was no fuch Plindrance unto him, but that in a little Time he ar¬ rived at Porto Santo ; where he and the reft of his Com¬ pany werefirewed the black Cloud before-menrioned, Jem de Morales judged to be the Begi-”- p ■ they fought after. Here the held a Council, and refolved to ftay in the I(lc that Quarter of the Moon, to fee if that Cloud of Darknefs did either vary its Shape, or diminifh its Bignefs; but it always continuing in the fame Form and Magnitude, 1, by the ' “ Do you think, my Friends and Comrades, that I “ efteem my Life lefs than you do yours, if not, none “ certainly ever went about to perfuade you, that if you “ mifearry I have any means to fave myl'elf; that indeed “ would be the greateft Injufticc in the World, that I “ foould reap the Glory, and you the Hazards of this En- “ terprife, but equally we are to participate in both. If ig of that Land “ therefore I at prefent appear more hardy than fuits with " your Content, it is becaufe I highly efteem you ; for I am infinitely glad you underftand what Perils you ex- pofe yourfclvcs unto, that it may hereafter be famed, you deliberately, mu of purpole, not by Chance, ditl -- confront thei'e more than human Dangers. I do not defpair, than hope “ therefore at all wonder at your Fears, but I do not by " any means approve of the Way you would put in Exe¬ cution to remove them. With what Juftice can you pretend to more Glory than otiier Nations, if you do “ not thus expole your Lives ? if you follow but the “ Footfleps of your noble Anccftors, you may trace them “ in fuch Adventures as we are now a making. For what “ Rcafon did we come from our Country ? for what Rea- “ fon did our Matter fend us hither ? wherefore amonv “ Thoufands, which rendered themfelves for this Employ- “ ment, did he make Choice of us ? wherefore doth he “ (hew himfelf a Father to our Families ? wherefore doth “ he take fo kinkly our Devoir ? ’tis not furely that wa “ Ihould do our Bufinefs by halves, or leave off our Ad- “ ventures, before finiflied. Confidcr, that as there is but “ one Lite, fo there is but one Death ; and it is neither “ without Rcafon, that you Ihould fear the Elements more a War “ than Men, for twice, by either of them, you cannot die. and “ If you do not rerufe to hazard your Lives againft the' . ig, what is it that you dread in do you think a Wave, or a Gull 1 than the Sword or Lance of an Enemy ? is not the Peril the fame you meet with, in any Rencounter, feeing you cannot but once receive your Deaths ? Think upon what Grounds we are en¬ tered into the Service of our King and Prince ; is ic not to make Difcovery of unknown Provinces, which your Courage is to conquer and lay at their Feet ? This ought not to be abandoned by your Difobedience and Fear, cfpecially being commanded on this Voyage, by their immediate Orders. Truly, Friends, ’tis more fcandalous to return home, and die with Shame at Ltf. ion, than unhappily perilh in the Sea, if fo Ill-fortune Ihould attend us. Let us bravely then undergo this Rifque ; for be you certainly affured, when once ouf Rcfolutions are fixed to proceed, we fhall find all Things “ as eafy as we can with. The Night is never more dark, “ than w hen Day approaches; the ftrange Conftcrnation “ --is the greater Sign our look’d for Good-' near. Couragioully, Friends, examine . ur Timidity, Rcafon will foon inform you, that the Cloud, which is the Caufe, is but a Sha¬ dow. If both Nature and Fortune did expofe us, I would be the firft Ihould take the Care of our Lives j but feeing we have nothing but our foolilh Fancies to fear, which is milbecoming valiant Men to dread, Ice us in the Name of God proceed.” The Pilot, Jean de Morales , was of Opinior Information he had received from the Englijh, Courfe he had made them {leer, that thelfiand he fought after was not far from thence and told Gonfalvo that the Rays of the Sun lying very hot on the Earrh, and draw¬ ing thence the Humidity (of which there was a great Quantity, by reafon of the Multiplicity of Trees) made a grofs Vapour to afeend, which filling the Sky with its Fogginefs, was the Reafon of the Obfcurity they faw, and that lie was confident by chefe Tokens, the Land they fo much coveted to difeover, was not far from that Place. All of them were of a contrary Opinion to Morales, and tumultuoufiy cried, how that he being a Cajiilian , and by confluence an Enemy, was very well pleafed to fee their Nation expoled to evjdentDangcrs; that it was enough for Men to encounter Men, without commencing a War againft the Elements 5 that ic became only Heathens and •Infidels to penetrate into the Secrets of God, that they “ Enemies of yt were to expeft nothing but Death by that Cloud, and “ the Wind or V that to proceed further was only to dare the Almighty ; “ of Wind, that the Infant was ill ferved to have his Servants expoled ” to fuch unprofitable Dangers, but the King was worfe ufed in regard they were his molt faithful Subjefts, who might ierve him in more feafible Undertakings, than to fearch alter a fuppofed Land on no other Ground than the Pilot’s They farther argued that Gonfalvo was a Nobleman of great Merit, he might expefi: large Recompcnces from his own Dtferts, without precipitating himfelf and them into fuch Certainty of Peril; that Valour was never fhewn in puthing forward Defpair; that it was no Charity under pretence of Religion to find out People and feize on their •• morn Countries, whereby they (hewed themfelves rather covetous “ Rifqt of their own than God’s Glory, but that they ought to be “ n -<'- 1 content with thofe Lands they already poffcfftd ; and finally affirmed they were but Men, and therefore would not un- "!u Tr C ^ med t0 be above Mortals Strength. __, A I tltefe Clamours did not flagger their Commander’s “ fortune draws ?v„ r U “ \ , he thtr <;fore for the prefent gave them good “ the Caufe of yc ^f° r / S |’ re I°l vln g (becaufe he was^of greater Courage than " ’ ■' at ot them) to furmount the Difficulties, which now feem- “ Skater, by reafon of the Avcrfenefs of thefe Men ; and E“ n f his Thoughts only to Jean de Morales, he hoifted his Sails, and weighed Anchor, fleering his Courfe S fisv'ml S th f, Bl, S- bear Shadow, making all. the Sail his \ c-ffcls could bear, by that means the fooner io6 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: This Difcou'rfe worked fo powerfully on thofe to whom it was addrefied, that it made ail their Fears vaniih, and cumpofed their Minds fo firmly, that unanimoufly they protcfted Gtmfaho ihould not only govern them as their Chief, but command them as abfolute Mailer of their Lives and Liberties -, they rcfolving to obey him blindly, and without Difpute in all Things. Though the Weather was fair, yet the Sea being ex¬ treme rapid, the Current carried the Vefl'els contrary to their Courfe to prevent which Gonfaho fitted out iwo Shaiiops to tow them, committing one to the Care of An¬ thony Gaga, and the other to Gonfaho Levis, Men of known Valour and Experience -, they rowed towards the Cloud, which they approached nearer and nearer, as the Current permitted them. The Voyage continuing for fome time in this Manner, the Cloud,’into which they where now entred, feemed to leficn and dccteafe towards the Eaft, but the Waters made a terrible Ncifr, r.otwithftar.ding they pafTed the Oblcu- rity ; and having fo done (a Cloud, which hung on the Earth, hindring their clearer Profpect) they thought; hey difcovered Land, and law many armed Men of a prodigi¬ ous Bignefs thereon. But they after found, that the Slmre being lull of high Rocks was the Occanon of their Mi- flake. The Air prefenily clearing, and the Sun fhining out, they plainly made the Land. This Happinefs they received with the greater Joy, becaufe not bv them ex¬ pected. The firft Place prdented .itfclf to their View was a high Point of Land, to which Gonfaho gave the Name of Cape St. La-.erev.ee. Which Point having doubled, they faw a brave and fertile Country, full of fair and high Trees, which in Woods and Groves extended themfelves from the Moun¬ tains thro’the Valleys, to the very Sea- fide. The Cloud was now fo far retired, as it feemed only to crown the Heads of the Mountains. This pleafant Sight gave the Minds of our Voyagers a great deal of Content, the Dan¬ gers and Hazards, they had formerly mutined about. :, they e, right of Defcent from the Sovereigns of the Seas, his Pro', genitors. And he manifefted his Care to commit the fame Title of Sovereign of the Sea uncontefted down to his Sue-' ceffors, by referving* all the Hands, as Guernfey, Jerfty, &c. dependant upon Normandy, when he renounced his Title to that Dukedom. To this I add that Piece of Gold-coin called a Noble-. for, according to a judicious Antiquarian, Stephen Marlin Leake , Efq ; Garter King at Arms a , the Occafion of finking this famous Coin, was not, as Lapin ' invidioufly fuggefls, to perpetuate the Memory of an Action of little Importance, namely, for clearing the Channel of (what he. calls) a few Corfr.irs -, (which, neverthelefs, was a memor¬ able Aftion) for they were coined four Years before; hut to alfert King Edwards. Dominion of the Seas, and Title to France, and to commemorate his great and glorious Naval Vidtory over the French Fleet, in 1340 ; the great- ell 1 that ever was obtained at Sea before by the Englifn ; and the firft, where a King of England had commanded in Pcrfon, wherein the French c are faid to have loll 30,000 Men. An Adtion worthy the Monarch of the.Seas, ami to be tranfmitted down to us, after the Roman Manner, upon the brir Gold Money; lb that this Coin may truly be called Noble, as well for its Beauty and Value, as the Subject it commemorates, and indeed may be elltemed a Medal ; h Joy, • rendring Thanks firft to God, and then to their Comman¬ der, by whofe Encouragement and Perfuafron, they were now come to fo glorious an End of their Labours, highly praifmg their Pilot, who had fo fuccefsfully conducted them. Sailing on they faw a large Bay, which Jean de Mercies judging to be the Place where the Er.glijh had for- They landed on the very fame Place Lionel before had done, and by certain Tokens Jean de Morales had given, found with much Satisfaction the Focrfteps of the Engljh, and divers Trees notched with a Hatchet, which they knew to be infallible Signs of Men having been there: palling thence into the Foreft they faw the great Tree, and com¬ ing nearer perceived the Crofs, and read the Epitaph of our Lovers, which abfolutely confirmed the Pilot’s Rela¬ tions. This Spectacle caufed a great deal of Companion in Ruy Pees, and his Companions, who were detach’d aftiore firft, making them lied foftie Tears, thereby con¬ firming what long fince Seneca wrote, that Pity is the frft Degree of Kir.dr.ejs among Men. Jean Gcr.fako difpofed himfelf to difembark, which he did with all the Precaution and Solemnity imaginable, ta¬ king Poficfiion of the Place for and in the Name of Don John King of Portugal, and of the Infant Don Henry, Mailer of the Order and Knight of Chrift; the Water was bleffed by two Religious, and with it the Air and Earth cleanfed by calling on the Name of God. An- Al¬ tar was alfo erected, and Mafs faid where Lionel and Ara¬ bella lay buried. This Ceremony was performed on the Feaft-day of St. Elizabeth. The Sovereignty of the Sea was zealoudy maintained by King Ed-coord. In one of the Preambles to an A ft of Par- - lament, we find that he was ufually accounted or filled King or Sovereign of the Sea by ail Nations*. In his CommiEons to his Sea-ofEcers, his Majefty deduced the Grounds of his Inftru&ions, and of the Authority com¬ mitted to them by him ", from that Power he enjoyed in great Prince is therefore very properly reprefented upon thelc Nobles as Sovereign of the Seas, Handing tri¬ umphantly in a Ship, compleatly armed, the Crown upon , his Head,"a naked Sword in his Right-hand, and a Shield in his Left, whereon, as aliening his Title to France, he quar¬ ters the Arms of that Kingdom, (being fane de Lys) in the firft Quarter with the Arms of England: The firft Inftance of quartering Arms by our Kings, either upon their Seals or Coins, after the Example of Ferdinand the Third, King of Spain, when he united the Kingdoms of Cajiile and Lan. This is likewife the firft Money whereon the Arms of England appears, viz. three Lions Pafifant Guardant, tho’ fome will have them Leopards ; and,- what is mod extra¬ ordinary, they are frequently fo called in our Acts of Par¬ liament, and other public Acts. But, befides that, there is no fuch Creature in Nature as a Leopard, ex Lecena S ' Pardo, the Term Leopardi relates only to the Guardant Pofture, which can no way alter the Property, and in that Pofture principally confifts the Majefty of the Lion ; anil from this Bearing it was, that our King Richard the Fill had the Nick-name of Cor Leanis. So that the Notion of Leopards arofe from the indiferiminate Ufe of the Fremb Term Leopardi-, for at the fame Time it was apparent, what they called Leopards, were true Lions; which, tho’ the French will not admit in Terms of Blazon, they have often experienced to their Coft. As thefe Nobles bear the Arms of France, they have the Title of France, edward. dei or a. rex. angl. z. franc, dxs. hyb. but upon his Great-fcal the Title of France is placed firft, agreeable to the Bearing of the Arms; Whereas before, his Titles were Rex. Angl. Dm. Hyb. Aqitit. the Title of Aquitaine being now immerged in that ot Frond. Upon the Sides of the Ship, towards the Bottom, are two Spikes Handing out, and above them in a Row three Lions of England, and four Fleurs de Lis, viz. a Fleur de Us, and a Lion alternately. Revcrfe, a Crofs Fiery, with a Fleur delis at the Points, a Lion of England under a Crown in each Quarter, and the Letter e within a ftnall Rofe in the Center, all within a Compartment, called a Rofe <* eight Parts or Leaves, or, as Mr. Evelyn ‘ calls them, eight Goderoons; circumfcribed with this Legend in old Englfo Characters, hic. autem. traxsiens. per. mediv. illo- rum. ibat. which our Alchymifts 1 profoundly expound, that as Jeftis palled invifible, in moft fecret Manner, by the Middeft of the Pharifees (John viii. 59.) fo that Gold was made by invifible and fecret Art Alchymical, of Ra)’ m,: ' Lully in the Tower: But others fay,- that Text was only an Amulet, ufed in that credulous Age to efcape Dangers, fuperftitioufly applying the Words of the Gofpel, to make the Wearers invulnerable. This laft Conjcdlure ft-— ot. Parlhn. 45Edw.IH. m ). b Rot. Scotis, Lcdiard’s Naval Hill, p s Sandford’s Gencalog. Hift. p Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 109 J EXPORTS. I One and thirty Thoufand fix Hundred -j I fifty-one Sacks and a half of Wool, at C i 1 61. Value each Sack, amount to J > Three Thoufand fix Hundred fixty-five x j Felts, at 40 s. Value each Hundred | i Whereof the Cuftom amounts to — ] fourteen Laft, feventeen Dicker, and -j 1 five Hides of Leather, after 6 A Va-1 I lue the Laft — — —> { Whereof the Cuftom amounts to — 5 Fourteen Thoufand feven Hundreds : feventy-four Cloths and an half, after t > 4 o j. Value, the Cloth is — — J i Eight Thoufand and fixty-one Pieces , and an half of Worded, after 6 s. 8 d.l ■5 Value the Piece, is — —J • Whereof the Cuftom amounts to — 54$) 6,7171 IMPORTS. One Thoufand eight Hundred thirty-1 two Cloths, after 61. Value the Cloth 5 Whereof the Cuftom amounts to — Three Hundred ninety-feven Quintals' and three Quarters of Wax, after the’Value of 40*. the Hundred or Quintal - - - Whereof the Cuftom is —. One Thoufand eight Hundred twenty- nine Tons and a half of Wine, after l 40 s. Value per Ton — —i Whereof the Cuftom is — Linnen Cloth, Mercery and Grocery " r -- - ’ ” ’ r Manner oft Exports 294,184 17 Whcreo Imports 38,970 13 8 Balance 255,214 13 8 It this Diftance of Time it is impoflible to 1 % Richard the Second, the Son of the Black Prince, who had before been declared Earl of Chejler , Prince of Wales, and Heir and Succeflor to the Crown, was unanimoufly n ilaimed King of England at the Death of his Grand¬ er Edward III. * His Minority, the Decay of the Navy, and the Murmurings of the People, occafioned by the Mal-adminiftration at the latter End of the late Reign, bad Profpedt to the Nation, and encouraged the - to infult our Coafts b . Before he was crown’d, his Subjefls were alarm’d with a Defcent at Rye in SttJJex % made on the 29th of June, by a Fleet of fifty French Ships, commanded by Admiral de Vienne ; which, after plundering and burning that Town, and the Neighbour¬ hood, proceeded to the Ifle of Wight, and railed a Contri¬ bution of one thoufand Marks d , without being able to re¬ duce the Caftle. They alfo burnt Hajlings, Plymouth, Portsmouth, and Dartmouth ; but where repuls’d at Win- cheljea by the Abbot of Battle '. In the Midft of thefe Infults and Loffes, the King was crown’d with a Solemnity beyond any Coronation of his Anceftors. But the Lords of the Regency difagreeing , among themfelves about Power, the Enemy met with no ■RefiHance capable of preventing their Depredations ; and ; the Sovereignty of the Seas feem’d to be entirely given up \ to our Enemies. To add to our other Calamities, the Scots - ravaged our Eaftern Coafts, the next Year, with a large / Number of Ships, under the Command of one Mercer , j who plundered and took all the Englijh Ships that came in ; his Way, and made a very great Booty. No Care be- mg taken by thofe at the Helm to prevent thefe Injuries, - or to chaftife the Authors of them, one John Philpot ', a ■ wealthy Citizen and Merchant of London, to his own, as : well as that City’s everlafting Honour, fitted out at his own Expence a little Fleet with a thoufand Men, and in Perfon fet fail in queft of this Pirate. It was not long ! before he had the Satisfaftion to come up with him, and . to defeat his whole Fleet; took him Prifoner, and retook all the Prizes he had made upon the Englijh, with 15 richly lack n French and Spanijh Veffels s. ' Yet this Bgnal Service done to the Trade of the Na- •: t1 ™’, ™ s , *" taken by the Government, as an Expedition, ' a? ^ d n0C the Sana:ion of their Confent, and ferform- ; ed by Forces levied without any publick Authority. Pbil- \ i 0t x, as ’ L hereforc > committed to Cuftody at his Return • AA^ eCe ?- tJ, , 0n the one Side > and Generality on t h e other, , added to his known Honefty, and the vifible Uprightnefs : ot h,s Intention, oleaded fo ftromdv for him. wh™ l,„ Thanks, inftead of the Reproof, or heavier Punifiiment, he was threatned with ll . Application was made to Parliament for Money to en¬ able his Majefty to reftore the Navy, and to proteft the Trade and Navigation of his Subjefts; and accordingly a Duty was laid for that Purpofe on all Ships that ihould fail from the Mouth of the Thames Northward, to be paid at the Rate of 6 d. per Ton by every Ship and Filhing- boar, except fuch Veffels as traded from Flanders to Lon¬ don with Merchandife, and from London to Calais with Wool and Hides. Fiftiermen, employ’d in the Herring- filhery, were to pay 6 d. per Ton every Week; other Filhery only 6 d. every three Weeks; Colliers, once a Month ; and the like monthly Duty was charged on all Merchantmen failing to RuJJta, Norway, or Sweden. And this Ordinance, fays the Record ‘, was by the Advice of the Merchants of London, and of other Merchants to the North, by the Affent of all the Commons in Parlia¬ ment, the Earl of Northumberland, and the Mayor of London, for the Guard and Tuition of the Sea and Coafts under the Jurifdiftion of the Admiral of the North Seas. And as this Ordinance was fubmitted to, and was fupport- ed only by fix armed Veffels to colled the Duty from fo¬ reign Ships, as well as Englijh, it is a clear Proof that our Sovereignty of the Seas was admitted of by all Na¬ tions in this Reign. In Confcquence of this, and other Aid of Parliament,’ the Regents, at length, refolved to fit out a powerful Fleet to fecure the Coafts. While this Fleet was prepar¬ ing, the Earls of Arundel and Salijbury were commilfioned to go into Normandy, to take Poffeflion of Cherbourg, which the King of Navarre had mortgaged to the Englijh. They were met by a ftronger Party of Spanijh Men of War, who attacked them with great Fury, did them fome Damage, and killed or took Prifoners feveral Englijh Knights, Gentlemen, and others. Philip and Peter Court¬ ney, who had the Command of the Fleet that fought, are by fome charg’d with Temerity. However, they both behaved like good Commanders; Philip efcaped with fe¬ veral Wounds; but Peter, who was taken with a few of his Men, was never heard of afterwards l . Thefe Misfortunes haften’d the grand Fleet, which fail’d with the Duke of Lancajler on-board, who made a Defcent upon Bretagne, burnt feveral Ships in the Port of St. Malo, — J by laying Siege to that Place drew- the Duke of Anjou Or, Complete View of the B Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 113 “ may be an Example unto others prefuming to do the “ jike. “ Moreover (high and mighty Prince and Lord) it was “ reported unto our Maftcr-general, that his former Le- “ gates required of your Majefty fafe Conduft freely to “ come into your Highnefs’ Realm. Which when he “ heard, he was exceedingly offended thereat, fithence un- “ doubtedly they did not this at his Commandment or Di- “ region. We therefore humbly befeech your Grace, as “ touching this Overfight, to hold the Mailer-general ex- “ cufed, becaufe there is no need of fafe Conduit, between “ fo fpecial Friends. “ Furthermore, fundry Damages and Complaints of the “ forefaid general Mailer, and his SubjeSs are briefly ex- “ hibited, and put down in the Bills following.” “ Richard by the Grace of God, King of England and “ France, and Lord of Ireland, to all, unto whom thefe “ pre-fent Letters fliall come, Greeting. We have feen “ and confidered the Compofition, Ordination, Concord “ and Treaty, between our well-beloved Clerk, Mailer “ Nicholas Stocket, Licentiate in both Laws, Walter Sihel “ and Thomas Gray, Citizens of our Cities of London and “ York, our Meffengers and Ambaffadors on the one Part; “ and the honourable and religious Perfonages, Conradus dc “ IValrode great Commander, Sifridus Walpode de Bajfen- “ beim chief hofpitalary Commander in Elhurg, and Ulricas " Ihuhenberg Treafurcr, the Meffengers and Ambaffadors “ of the right reverend and religious Lord, Lord Conradus “ Zolner de Rothenjlein Mailer-general of the knightly Or- der of the Dutch Hofpital of St. Mary at Jerufalem, on “ the other Part, lately concluded and agreed upon in thefe “ Words. In the Name_ of the fupreme and indivifible - - . ... 0 __ “ Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft, “ the Laid right reverend Lord the Maller-ge “ Amen. Forafmuch as the Author of Peace will have “ ----- 1 -- ^ ’ ' • “ Peace-makers to be the Sons of Bleffednefs, and the exe- “ crable Enemy of Peace to be expelled out of the Domi- “ nions oi : Chriftians; therefore for the perpetual Memory “ of the Thing, be it known unto all Men, .. _ _ ... “ Firft, that all Arreftments, Reprifals, and Impigno- “ they have mutually: “ rations of whatfoever Goods and Merchandifes in Eng- “ Ambaffadors of the right fovt “ land and Prujfta, made before the Date of thefePrefents, “ — J - ° .’ “ are from henceforth quiet, free, and releafed, without “ all Fraud and Diflimulation: Infomuch that the Da- “ mages. Charges and Expences occafioned on both Parts “ by real’on of the forefaid Goods arrefted, are in no cafe “ hereafter to be required or challenged by any Man ; but “ the Demands of any Man whatfoever propounded in “ 'Ms Regard, are and ought to be altogether fruftrate “ and void ; and all Affions which may or lhall be com- “ menced by occafion of the faid Goods arrefted, are to “ be extinct and' of none effect. ” “ all lawful Merchants of England whofoever lhall have “ free Licence and Authority, with all kinds of Ships,. “ Goods and Merchandifes, to refort unto every Port of “ the Land of Prujfta, and alfo' to tranfportall fuch Goods “ and Merchandifes up farther unto any other Place in the “ faid Land of Pruffa, and there with all kinds of Perfons “ freely to bargain and make fale, as heretofore it hath et from ancient Times been accuftomed. Which Privilege “ is granted in all Things and by all Circumftances unto “ the Prujfans in England. And if after the Date of thefe “ Prefents, between the faid Kingdom of England and Land ‘‘ of Prujfta, any Diffenfion or Difcord (which God fore- “ fend) Ihould arile; then the forefaid fovereign Prince “ and King of England, and the faid right reverend Lord “ the Mailer-general, are mutually by their Letters and “ Meffengers to give Certificate and Intimation one unto “ another, concerning the Matter and Caufe of fuch Dif- “ fenfion and Difcord ; which Intimation, on the Behalf “ of the forefaid fovereign Prince and King of England, “ lhall be delivered in the fore-named Caftle of Marien- “ burg: But on the Behalf of the faid right reverend Lord “ the Matter-general, fuch Intimation lhall be given in the “ City of London aforeiaid, unto the Mayor of the faid “ City -, that then fuch a Dcnuntiation or Intimation being “ made, the Merchants of England and the Subjedts of “ the Land of Prujfta may, within the Space of one Year “ next following, freely and fafely return Home with all “ their Goods and Merchandifes ; if at the lead, in the “ mean while, fome Compofition and friendly League be- “ tween the two forefaid Countries be not in fome fort “ concluded. And that all the Premires may more firmly “ and faithfully be put in due Practice and Execution on “ both Parts, for the ftrong and inviolable keeping of “ Peace and Tranquillity ; and alfo for the full Confirma- “ tion and Strengthening of all the faid Premifes, the three lurable and religious Perfonages being by " lafter-general ap- the above-written dination and Compofition, have caufed their Seals to thefe Prefents to be put; and the faid Ordination o, and Letter in the fame Tenor Word for Word, and all Points even as it is inferted into thefe Prefents, ibove-named three „ King of England - ... the Caftle of Marienburg in the Year of our Lord aforefaid, upon the 20th Day of the Month of Attgufl. And we therefore do accept; approve, ratify, and by the Tenor of thefe Prefents do confirm, the Compofition, Ordination, Concord, and Treaty aforefaid. In Teftimony whereof we have caufed thefe our Letters to be made Patents. Witnefs ourfelves at Wejlminfter the 22d of October, in the 13th Year of our Reign.” Then having promifed under a reciprocal Obligation, proceedt By this Treaty and Agreement figned by both Princes; the Trade was again open’d with Prujfta, and every Thing till the Year 1398, when Conradi that his Majefty would do all in his Power for obtaining de Jtntgingeu fucceeded to the Mafter-generaiihip of Pruf- with the Privileges to be enjoyed by tl both Nations, faying >, rrivnege: “ a1|o j ‘I is farther concluded and agreed upon, that Prujfta ». CHAP. V. Of the Naval Affairs, and the State of Trade and Com] King Henry IV. King Henry V. King Henry VI. King Ed and King Richard III. J-fENRT Duke of Lancrfter, having afeended theThrone proved of the hard Meafure of their Sovereign King r , 1 ! 1 *; h T e banner alread y mentioned c , by the Intrigues Richard ; depos’d by a Faction 5 and contrary to the very A™ 0 lV HOUf r S f * >arliament ‘ and afrum ’ d che Sdle of Article of his Agreement with the Ufurper, deprived IV - prefently difeoyered fuch a Difaffeffion among of his Liberty, and Friends; that made it neceffary to ob- ™ ieople, both in England and Attain, who difap- viate the Effects of their Difconfent; as alfo to appeafe A NEW NAVAL HISTORY is French Court, whofe Intereft in Queen ut 12 Years old, and by the dethroning of bard, deprived of a Kingdom, would na- hem in her Hufband’s Favour, and to at- iration. Wherefore Henry in the firft place ;a;n the Afifcfrion of the People, by reliev- the arbitrary Proceedings in Calcs of Trea- by the Government in the late Reign, by lament th2t reduced their State to a more Then he recall’d and rewarded thofe No- id been banilhed, or obliged to withdraw ecurions of Richard's Minifters; and en- h the Eftatcs of the greateft Men in that n he diverted not only of their Pofieflions, itlcs alfo, that they might not have it in > attempt any thing in Richard's Favour, his Peace with France , the Captive King be privately afiaffinated, which put an End f the Infant Queen ; who was immediately irfe Mcafures were not fufficient to prevent it home, nor the Attacks of his Enemies Sects enter the northern Borders, the French aGift the Gcfceignes , and the difeontented jnd laid a Scheme to afiafilnatc Henry, end rd to the Throne by the Aid of a French :h Plot being dilcovcred by an Accident \ :nd ended with the Lives of the principal ho were fdzed at Cirencejlsr , and beheaded e . rich a powerful Army into. Scotland, and ition to make an advantageous PeaceAs es, his Majefty fent his Fleet with an Army zr Piercy Earl of IVcrcefter, which prefently d their Allegisr.ee. But the Infurrection of t the Conduct of Cznen Glendczvr, who had King Richard II. gave him more Trouble s . he Forces fent againrt him by Henry, under of Edmund Mortimer Earl of Merck . the Weapons of their Hufbands and Acquaint; and Pebbles, which fell like Showers of Enemy in Battle: Yet the Remains of join’d by the Flemings± kept hovering. Damage on the Coart, interrupted the I carried on their Piracies with lb much C the Seamen that fell into their Hands, tl to threaten the Extirpation of the Engtijb : France imagining this to be the proper an Advantage, forgets the Treaty between tl and at once the perfidious Monarch invad 12,000 Men, and fends a Fleet of 140 S: ance of Qzsen G lend czar ; which arrived Voyage at Milfcrd-baz-en in great Dirtrcfs which their Horfes had well nigh perifhY the French Admiral landed 12,000 Men, a took Carmarthen , and ieveral other Places, inform’d of the Approach of King Henrj rous Army, and of his Fleet from the Cim Lord Berkley and Henry Pay, to attack th Harbour; they embark’d with great Plur return home. The Engli/b Fleet however r fifteen, and took fourteen of their Ships, got clear cf the Haven *. In return for this Perfidy, Henry refold Coaffc of Flanders, then futject to a Princ of France, by a Fleet p under the Come Lord Lancajier, and the Earl of Kent. 1 Harbour of Slays, and burnt four great Sh found at Anchor there: And putting to Se; with three large Gaicefe Carracks richly la< took,-after a very gallant Refinance. 1 with great Booty to Rye. The hereditary Prince of Scotland gc France , lome iwrtoic manners or Cley n6 A NEW NAVAL' HISTOR Y: “ Friend) fuch Injuries (if any) as have been a “ again!! your Subjects, were never committed by o empted “ of fwt ill and Content, as we think that yourlelf i “ Side have done the like. Sithens alfo, fo much as in us “ lieth, we are ready to exhibit full Juftice with favour unto any of your People being defirous to make Com- “ plaint, fo that accordingly Jullice may equally be done “ unto our Merchants by you and your Subjects, which “ Merchants have in like fort been injured, wifhing with “ all our Heart, that the ancient Fricndlhip and Love, “ which hath continued a long time between our Realm “ and your Territories and Dominions, may perfevere in “ time to come; and that fweet and acceptable Peace, “ which is to be embraced of all Chriflians, may according “ to the good Pleafure of the Author of Peace, be nou- “ rilhed and maintained : We do moft heartily require the “ faid Friendlhip, exhorting you in the Lord that you “ would on your Behalf confent and ordain (even as, if “ you lhall fo do, we for our part will confent likewife) “ that from this prefent until the Feaft of Eafter next en- “ fuing (all Moldtations and Injuries which may be offered “ ceafing on both Parts) our Subjects by your Territories “ and Dominions, and your Subjects by our Realms, may “ peaceably and fecurely travel, and that according to their “ wonted Manner, they may friendly convcrlc and exercife “ mutual Traffic together; becaufe we are determined to “ fend unto you and your Counfel in the mean time fome “ of our AmDaffadors, friendly ro intreat about the fore- “ faid pretended Injuries, lb far forth as they lhall concern “ our Subjects. At whole Arrival we (land in good hope “ that by the due Admimllration of Juftice on both Parts, “ fuch Order (by God’s Afiiftance) lhall be taken, that “ mutual Pe2Ce and Tranquillity may be cftabhfhed be- “ tween us in times to come. Alfo our Defire is in par¬ 's ticular, that our Merchants and Licgc-fubjecis may have “ mure tree Paffage granted them ur.to the Parts ol Sccrie, “ for the providing of Herrings and of other Fifties there, “ that they may there remain, and from thence alfo may “ more fecurely return unto their own Home: And we “ befeech you in confideration of our own fclves, that you “ would have our Merchants and Liege-fubjects efpecially “ recommended unto you, fafely protecting them (if need “ lhall require) under the Shadow of your Defence ; even “ as you would have us to deal in the like Cafe with your “ own Subjeits. Moreover, whatfoever you lhall think “ good to put in prafiice in this Behalf, may it pleafe you “ of your Friendlhip, by our faithful Subject John Brcrjjr.e “ the Bearer hereof to give us to underftand. In the Son “ of the glorious Virgin fare ye well, with continual Pro- “ fperity and Felicity according to your own Heart’s Defire. “ Given under our Privy-feal, at our Palace of Weji- “ ndnfier, the fifth Day of June, and in the fifth Year of “ Our humble Recommendations, with our moft inftant “ Majcfty taken in good Parr, fife. Moft fovereign^IGng, “ mighty Prince, gracious Lord, and unto us moft un- " feignedly beloved, we received of late your gracious Let- “ ters by your Majefty’s Licge-fubject Join Brcrume, the “ Contents whereof feemed to be thefe following. Firft, “ that of long time heretofore, there have been between “ the Merchants of your Realm and of our Lands, not “ only quiet and peaceable Accefs one unto another, bur “ abb mutual Participation, and common Traffic of their “ Wares, being right commodious and available for them “ both: Howbeit, that now the aforefaid profitable Con- “ verfation, by reafon of certain notorious Robberies, “ committed upon the Sea by Pirates againft both Parts, “ the wonted Accefs alfo of your Subjects unto our Do- “ minions, were altogether forbidden. Moreover, you call “ to remembrance the ancient Amity and Friendlhip be- J tween both our Lands, with the invaluable Commodity - able Peace, which are by all faithful Chri. utmoft of their Endeavour to be embraced, “ Whereupon you of your exceeding Clemency, do oiler “ your Majefty’s full Confent, that the forelaid Prohibition “ being releafed until the Fcaft of Eajler next enfuing, the “ faid Merchants of your Dominions may in our i c rri. “ tories, and our Merchants likewife may in your Realms “ (all Moleftations ceafing) exercife their wonted Traffic; “ efpecially Athens in the mean Seafon your royal Wildotn “ hath determined to direct unto us your honourable Am- “ baflfadors in friendly fort to treat and parle with us as “ touching the pretended Injuries, fo far form as they may “ concern your Subjects. Adding moreover in particuiar, “ that when your People lhall repair unto the Parts or “ Scor.ia to fifh for Herrings, having Confideration and “ Regard unto your Mjjefty, we would have them efpe. “ daily recommended unto our Protection, ink., Molt “ fovereign Lord and King, and gracious Prince, ive do “ with unfeigned and hearty Affection embrace the Oia- “ cies of your Majefty’s moft courteous and acceptable “ Offer; wherein you have ufed moft diligent and eiicc- “ tual Perfuafions, that Complement of Jultice Ihould be “ done unto the Parties injured, and that Peace and Frnnd- “ fhip (hould take Place, making no doubt of your own royal Perfon, nor of ourfelves or of any appertaining “ regard “ juft, *w us, but tl : our Inclinations and Ddire: 1 very deed molt happy 11 “ Moreover, whereas your Highnefs hath farther requdnd “ US, that the Prohibition of your Subjects .Accefs umo “ our Dominions might, until the Fcaft of Eajier n,st “ enfuing, be releafed ; we anfwer (under Correction of your Majefty’s more deliberate Counfel) that it is fir “ more expedient for both Parts to have the faid Fruhi- “ bition continued than releafed, until fuch time as S.us- ; “ taftion be performed on both Sides unto the Parties en- “ damaged, not in Words only, but actually anu really j “ in Deeds, or by fome Courfe of Law or tri.ndly Com-! “ pofition. For there is no equal nor indifferent kmu of; “ Confort or Trade between the impovcrilhed Party and > “ him that is inriched, between the Party which hath ob- ■ “ taintd Juftice and him that hath obtained none, between j “. the Ofiender and the Party often'led ; becaufe t.iey are i “ not moved with like Affeiftions, For the Remembrance j “ of Injuries eaftly ftirreth up inconfidcratc Motions of “ Anger. Alfo, fuch a kind of Temperature or Permix- ; “ tion, as it were, by way of Contrariety breideth more “ Bitternefs than Sweetnefs, more Hate than Love ; where- “ upon more grievous Complaints as well unco your High- “ nefs as unto ourfelves, might be occafioned. The Lord “ knoweth, that even now \ve are too much wearied and “ difquieted with the importunate and inftant Complaints “ of our Subjeits, infomuch that we cannot at this prefent “ by any convenient Means releafe or diftfolve the faid f’ro- “ hibition, before we be fufficiently informed by your Ma- “ jefty’s Ambalftdors, of the Satisfadtion of our endamaged “ Subjects. Furthermore, whereas your Majefty’s Requeft, “ concerning your Subjeits that lhall come unto the Parts “ of Sccnia, is that we would defend them under our Pro- “ tection : Be it known unto your Highnefs, that for tli- “ vers Confiderations us reafonably moving, being pro- “ voked by the Queen of Denmark and her People, being “ alfo urged thereunto full fore againft our Wills, for the “ repelling and avoiding of Injuries, we have fent forth “ our Army againft them. Howbeit, for a certain time a “ Truce is concluded on both Parts, fo that our People “ are aitually returned Home. Far be it from us allb, “ that our Subjeits being occupied in Wars, Ihould in any “ fort willingly molelt or reproach any Strangers, of what “ Lands or Nations foever, not being our proftffed Ene- mies. For this Ihould be to opprefs the Innocent inftcad ;t of the Guilty, to condemn the Juft for the Unjuft, than 11 which nothing can be more cruel, nor a Revenge ot * greater Impiecy. In very deed (moft gracious Prince 1 and Lord) we are moved with right hearty Sympathy * Id. ibid. p. 160. NEW NAVAL HISTORY: 4 ed unto, if, at the Time when they were taken, they had 4 been to be fold at the Town of Bruges in Blunders. “ Forafmucb alfo, 25 divers and fundry Pruffians (who : exhibited manifold Articles of Complaints, being re- 1 ceivcd by the faid Englijb Ambaffadors at their Abode ;i in Pruffa) made not their perfonal Appearance before ‘ the faid Englifo Ambaffadors, in the Land of Pruffa 41 unto the firft: Day of the Month of May : And alfo it 44 was agreed upon by the faid Ambaffadors, Procurators, 44 and Commiflioners, that the faid Parties which had not “ appeared before, fhall have Liberty granted them law- 44 fully to make their Appearance upon the firft of May “ aforefaid, at the Town of Bor dr Ml, cither by themleh'cs 44 or by their Procurators, and alfo to bring with them 66 the Letters ttftimonial, and Patents, fealed with the “ Seal of the faid Lord the Mafter-general, (he having 44 firft of all received found and fuiScier.t Information 44 from the Cities whereof the Parties Plaintiff are Citi* 44 zens, of the Damages and Grievances any way unjuftly 44 inflicted upon them, or any of them, by die Enghjb) 44 to the end that they may there by Articles conveniendy 44 declare and prove, before the Ambaffadors, Procurators, 45 Mef&ngers, and Commiflioners of both Parts, the 56 Rate and Value of their faid Goods: and that in fo 16 doing they may obtain convenient, juft, and reafonable “ Reftirution for all A&s unjuftly attempted againft them, “ then, or 2t fome ether Times effectually to be let down “ and limited at the forefaid Place, by the Confent of the 44 Ambaffadors and CommiEoners of both Parts, even as 44 it was above promifed unto the Merchants of Livonia. if they of Pruffa lafl above-mentioned, fhall not “ upon the hr ft of Mere, and at the Place appointed, for “ fome Caufe, make their Appearance, that then it fhall 44 be lawful for them at any Time within one whole Year 44 next following, to repair unto the Lord Chancellor of 66 England, at the Gty of London , and to infinuate and “ dedare unto him their Complaints before exhibited unto “ the faid Enghjb Ambeffadors in the Land of Pruffa , or 64 which Complaints fhouid have been delivered at the “ forefaid Term and Place, or elfe, the which were not 44 then and there fully finifhed and difpatched ; and alfo “ by A nicies as is aforefaid, to declare and prove the true “ Worth and Eftimation of all Damages and Grievances “ any ways unjuftly offered by the Enghjb unto them, or “ any of them : To the end that they may (as it is above “ mentioned) effectually receive, and alfo fpeedily and kS eafily obtain convenient, juft, and reafonable Reforma- 14 non and Satisfaction for all Acts unjuftly attempted • c againft them, which are contained in the Complaints no: as yet fully declared and finifiied. “ Moreover, it is appointed and agreed upon between the forefaid Ambaffadors and CommiEoncrs, that the forenamed Sovereign Lord, and the faid Lord the Ma- •* iter-general, are to fend and fet forward their Ambafia- core, Mcllrngers, and Commiflioners, upon the firft: of 1 May unto the Place appointed, to treat, parle, agree, and ‘ conclude about thofe Affairs which fhall then and there '* happen to be treated of and handled among them. V Furthermore, between the often mentioned Ambafla- - our?. Procurators, ana Commiflioners, it is enacted and 4 concluded, that unto all and lingular lawful Statutes, 4 Ordinations, and Prohibitions framed, made, and or- s of Grie: a of ctl “ in the Lend of Pruffa , unto the Obfervation whereof, * c as well the SuhjeCts of the faid Maftcr-general, as Fo- reigners and Strangers, are tied and bound: unto the Ij m= ouiLutcs, Oiuiuauoiis, and Prohibitions, all 44 Englifo Merchants whatfoever, reforting unto the Land 44 of Pruffa , muft be firmly fcounden and fubject. 4 ' Alfo it is ordained, that whatfoever Sail-cloths are cs clreaay tramported, or at any Time hereafter to be tran- 44 lported out of England into Pruffa by the Enghjb Mer- tc chants, and fhall there be offered to be fold, whether 44 they be whole Cloaths or half Cloaths, they muft con- 44 tain both their Ends. 14 Laftlv, that the Matters above-mentioned fall not 44 fhort and void of their wifhed EffeCt; the Treaty £r ^ 44 Conference about all and Angular Damages and Griev. 44 ances (whereof there is not as yet done, but there muft 44 be, by the virtue of thefe Prefents, performed, a R c . 44 formation and Amendment) muft be continued and 44 prorogued until the firft of May next enfuing, as by 44 thefe Prefents they are continued and prorogued, with 44 the Continuation of the Days then immediately follow. 44 ing, at the Town of Bordral1 aforefaid : At the which 44 Time and Place, or at other Times and Places, in the 44 mean Space, as Occafion fhall ferve, by both Parties to 44 be limited and afiigned, or elfe within one Year after 44 the laid firft: Day of the Month of May next enfuing be 44 expired; the hurt and damaged Parties generally before. 44 mentioned, fhall have performed unto them a conve. 44 nient, juft, and reafonable Reformation on both Part?. 44 Provided always, if within the Term of the faid Year 44 fome convenient, juft, and reafonable Reformation be 44 not performed unto the Parties injured and endamaged, 44 which are generally above-mentioned ; that then, within 44 three whole Months after the forefaid Year fhall be ex- 44 pired, the Pruffans fhall depart out of the Realms and 44 Dominions of the laid Sovereign Lord the King of Em 44 land, together with their Mcrchandilc, and with other 44 Goods which they fhall have gotten or bought, within 44 the Space of the forefaid rhree Months; and that the 44 Er.glijbir.cn alfo arc likewife in all RefpeCts bounden to 44 avoid, and (no lawful Impediment hindering them) to 44 withdraw thcmfclvcs, and to depart out of the Tcrrito- 44 ties and Dominions of the Lid Mailer-general, without 44 all Moleftation, Perturbation, and Impediment whatfo* 44 ever, none other Intimation or Admonition being need- 44 iary in this Regard. 44 Howbeit, left that by the Robberies and Piracies of 44 fome infolent and perverfe People, Matter fliould k 44 miniflrcd unro the faid Lord the Mafter-general, of 44 fwerving from the faithful Obfervation of the forefaid 44 Agreements, or (which God forbid) any Occafion be i 44 given him of not obferving them : it is alfo decreed by! 44 the often above-mentioned Ambaffadors and Mefiengers,: 44 that if the Goods and Merchandife of any of the faid 44 Lord Mafter-genera} his Subjects whatfoever, fhall k\ 44 from henceforth unjuftly taken upon the Sea, by anr j 44 Englijb Pirates, and fhall be carried into the Realm of i 44 England, and there received, that the Governors and, 44 Keepers of Ports, and of other Places, (with whatfo- 44 ever Names they be called) at the which Ports and 44 Places fuch Merchandifcs and Goods fhall chance toar- 44 rive, being only informed of the faid Goods and Mcr* 44 chandiles, by lole Report, or (other Proofs wanting) by 44 probable Sufpicion, arc bound to arrell and to keep 44 them in fafe Cultody, favourably to be rcftorecl unto 44 the Owners thereof, whenfotver they fhall be lawfully 44 demanded ; which if they fhall emit or deny to per- 44 form, from thenceforth the laid Governors and Kecpcrt 44 compence of their Loffcs. 44 And for Fault of Juftice to be executed by the faid Governors and Keepers, our Sovereign Lord the King above-named, after he fhall conveniently be requefted by the Parties damnified, is bound within three Months next enfuing (all lawful Impediments being excepted) to make correspondent, juft, and reafonable Satisfaction unto the faid Parties endamaged. Otherwife, that it fhall be right lawful for the faid Lord the Mafter gene¬ ral, to arreft, and after the Arreft to keep in Lie Cu- ftody the Goods of the Englijb Merchants being in the Land of Pruffa , to the condign Satisfaction of fuch Injuries, as have been offered unto his Subjects, until his faid Subjects be juftly and reafonably contented. 44 Likewife alfo in all RefpeCts, the fame Juftice is to be done unto the Englijb by the faid Lord the Matter- general and his Subjects in Pruffa, even as it hath been cnadted and decreed in the above-written Claufe, begin¬ ning, Cuierum ne per, &c. In Englifo , Howbrit left that, for the faid Mafter-general, and his Subjects, by the forefaid Ambaffadors of England, and the Com* mifiioners of the faid Lord the Mafter-general, that in like Cafes Juftice ought to be adminiftred on the Be; id Merchandizes, Or, Complete View of the B k IT i s ii Mari n E. “ Item, in the Year of our Lord 1394, certain Male¬ factors of Wijmer and Ropk, upon tile Coafts of Urn- mark and Norway, beneath Scawe, and at Amid, took nomas Adams and John Walters Merchants of Termutb, and Robert Cattmbrigge and Reginald Leman Merchants of Norwich , in a certain Ship of Elb'tr.g in Pruffta (where¬ of one Clays Goldefmitb was Mafter) with divers woollen Cloths of the faid Thomas, John , Robert and Reginald, to the Value of 1000 Marks Englifo ; and carried the 1 'crfons and Goods aforefaid away with them ; and the faid Thomas, John, Robert and Reginald they imprifoned at Courthatreffow, and there detained them, until they paid an 100 Marks for their Redemption. “ Item, in the Year of our Lord 1401, fomeof the In¬ habitants of Ik’ifmer and of Rojlok, wickedly took at Long- foimd in Norway, a certain Ship of IVeJl-Jiowe in Zealand (the Mafter whereof was one Gerard Dedijfen) laden with divers Goods and Merchandifes of John Uughfon of Yar¬ mouth, namely with the Hides of Oxen and of Sheep, with Butter, Malts, Spars, Boards, Quefting-ftonts, and wild Werke; to the Value of 100 Marks; and do as yet detain the faid Things in their Pofleflion, forne of ‘ (whereof William Noie was Mafter) and conveyed it unit) ‘ Maujlnnd, and there robbed the faid Mafter and hid ! Company of divers Commodities, as namely of I'urni- ‘ ture and Salt-fifties, being in the laid Ship, to the Valui ‘ of 406 Nobles. “ Item, in the Year next above-mentioned, upon tlii ‘ Saturday, about the forefaid Feaft, the fore-named Gode- ‘ kins and Stertebeker, and other their Accomplices of the ‘ Hattfe, unlawfully took upon the Sea a certain Ship of ‘ one Thomas Lyderpoie of Cley, called the Helena (wherein ‘ Robert Alwey was Mailer) and alfo wickedly and un- ‘ juftly drowned in the Bottom of the Sea divers Com- ‘ modifies, as namely Salt-fifties, together with the Ship itfelf. “ Item, in the Year of our Lord 139S, about the Feaft “ of St. Michael 1 the Archangel, the forefaid Godikln ant: “ Stertebeker , with other their Confederates of the Hanfi “ took at Langjound in Norway, a certain Crayer of on: “ ThomasMotte of Cley, called the Peter (wherein 7 boras “ Smith was Mafter) and the forefaid Crayer they wick 22 A N E W NAVAL HISTORY: a certain Craver ofonsJtaf^of Unr.e, being “ to the Value of 440/. Item. From A*iny. laden and bound for Dantzick in P V ff,r. “ Fardel of Cloth, and one Cheft wuh mv. “ Item, pitifully complaining the Merchants of Urine do “ dmes therein, to the \ alue or 101. avouch, verifv and affirm, that about the Feaft: of St. “ Item, the above-named Merchants com Gejrjetkyhnyr, jntheYwrfourUwd^ fundry A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: Fufticn. and Linen-cloth Wool ar.il 'I'in. In his Lcond Chapter luted the Trade wii England, ',FiS 5 > rrith Bra, Crtft-cloth and Can- y interrupted the Navigation cf this Kingdom, both ting the Merchants Ships, and plundering and bum- lie Towns on the Sea-cosft, tiil King Edvard III, rteu in his Kcign, granted Letters of Recrizals to the itants of Dartmouth, Fly-mouth and Fcvtrj ; which :J the Duke of Bretagne ro l'ue for F - " J - for the ft tuic Behaviour of his Subjeas. The fourth and Efth Chapters resort the Trade with Scotland for Fells, Hides and Woof in the Fleece; ami from PrnJJlj, High-Germany, and the Eaft Countries, for tieer. Bacon. O.moiid. Copper, liu'.vitives. atcel. Wax. 1 1 D F C Thread, C C I n c p Silver- wedges and Metal, could not be carried on to the Southern Farts of E-amp: without Leave; for — If they would not our Friends be We niighr lightly flop them in the Sea. And if they fltould except be any Tiling It were but Sugar, trull to my Saying: Fie that trufleth not to my Saying and Sentence, Let him better fearch Experience. In this Matter I wiil not larther preale, Wliofo not believeth, let him leave and ccale. Thus thefe Galleys for this licking Ware, Ann eating Ware, bare hence our bed Chaffare: Cloth, Wool, and Tin, which, as I laid before, Out of this Land word might be forbore. For each other Land of Ncceflity Have great Need to buy lome of them three: And tve receive of him into this Colt Ware and Chaffare that lightly will be Iofl. And would Jefus, that our Lordis wold Confider this well both young and old : Namely, Old that have Experience, That might the Young exhort to Prudence; What Flarm, what Hurr, and what Hinderar.ee Is done to us, unto our great Grievance, Of fuch Lands, and of fuch Nations : As expert Men know by Probations, By Writings as difeovered our Counfails, And falle Colour always the Countertailes Of our Enemies; that doth us hindering Unto our Goods, our Realm, anil to the King;' As wife Men have fhewed weil at eye ; And all this coloured is by Merchandy. The fixth Chapter briefly relates the State of Trade with Gir.se, whence were imported to us the Commodi¬ ties, we nuw ourfclves fetch from the Coaft of Africa and India -, and the Gene:/: truck’d them for our Wool and woollen Goods, in large Ships called Carracks. The Genuois come in fundry wiles Into this Land with divers Mcrcfcandifcs In great Caracks, arrayed without in lack With Cloth of Gold, Silk, and Pepper black They bring with them, and of Crood great plenty, Wool, Oil, Woad-alhen, by Veffcl in the Sea, Cotton, Rochalum, and good Gold of Game. And then be charged with Wool again I wenne. And woollen Cloth of ours of Colours all. And they adventure, as oft it doth befal. Into Flanders with fuch Things as they buy. That is their chief Staple fekerly : And if they wouid be our full Enemies, They fltould net pals our Streams with Mercnandife. Concluding with Obfervations on the Frauds commititj by the Italian Bankers and Factors. What Reafcn is it that we fltould go to ode In their Countries, and in this Engtijb Colie, They fltould not fo ? blit have more Liberty Then we ourfclves not'/ alfo motte I thee. I would to Gifts Men fltould take no heed That letteth our Thing publick for to fpced. For this we fee well every Day at Eye, Gifts and Fells ftopen our Policy. j Now fee that Fools be either they or we : ! But ever we have the worfe in this Country. Therefore let him unto ofte go here, Or be we .free with him in like Manner In their Countries: and if it will not be. Compel them unto ofte, and ye fliall fee Much Advantage, and much Profit arile. Much more then I can write in any wife. The Trade with Fauci takes up the feventh Chapter, He alfo Ihews the Difadvantages our Englijh Merchio of which our Author greatly difapproves; as confiiting labour’d under in Point of Trade to foreign Markets, chiefly of Commodities that fed the Luxury of the Peo^ pie, and carried the Balance much againft us. Conceive well here, that Englijhmen at Marts Be difeharged, for all her Crafts and Arts, The Great Galh'es of Va-.ke and Fiorina In Brabant of her Merchandy Be well laden with Things of Complacence, All Spicery and of Grocer’s Ware : With fweet W ines, ail of manner of Chaffare, Apes, and Japes, and Marmufets tailed, Nifles and Trifles that little have availed : And Things with which they featly blear our Eye: With Things not inauring that we buy. For much cf this Chaffare that is waftable Might be forborn for dear and deceivable. In our England are fuch Commodities, Withcutcn Help of any other Land Which by Wit and Practife both found : ■Which that we g!eder°ivith our Englijb Cure : That we [houid have no need of Scamoney, Turbit, Euforbe, correct Diagredy, Rhubarb, Sena, and yet they be too needful. But I know Things alfo fpeedful. That growen here, as thofe Things fald. Let of this Matter no Man be difmay’d; But that a Man may void Infirmity Without Degrees fet fro beyond the Sea. In fourteen Days, and again liaflily In the lame Days fourteen acharged eft. And if they bide longer all is bereft. Anon they (houid forfeit her Goods all. Or Merchandy; it Ihould no better fall. And we to Marts in Brabant charged been W'ith Englijb Cloth full good and fair to feen: We be again charged with Mercery, Haberdaiher-ware, and with Grocery : To which Marts, the Englijhmen call Fairs, Each Nation oft maketh her Repairs: Englijh, and French, Lombards, Jemcyes, Catalones, there they take her Ways: Sects, Spaniards, Irijbmen there abides. With great Plenty bringing of Sale-hides. And I here fay that we in Brabant buy, Flanders and Zelcnd more of Merchandy In common Ufe then done all other Nations: This have I heard of Merchants Relations. And if the Englijb be not in the Marts They be feeble, and as nought been her Parts. For they buy more, and fro Purfe put out More Metchandife then all the other Rout. Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 133 il thee, Tile eighth Chapter explains the Trade of Brabant, Zt- !,md, and Renault, both by Sea and Land •, and remarks that the Englijh Merchants were the greateft Dealers at all their Fairs. Yet Merchandife of Brabant and Zeland The.Mader and Woad, that Dyers take on hand To dyen with, Garlick and Onions, And Salt-fifh all’s for Hufband and Commons. But they of Holland at Caleis buy our Fells, And Wools our, that Englijhmen him fells. And the Chaffare that Englijhmen do buy In the Marts, that no Man may deny. Is not made in Brabant that Country : It cometh from out of Henauld, not by Sea, But all by Land, by Carts, and from France, Bourgoyne, Cokin, Camer'et in Subftance, Therefore at Marts if there be a Rellraint, Men fee plainly that lift no Fables paint. If Englijhmen be withdrawn away, ■ Is great Rebuke and Lofs to her Affray: As chough we fent into the Land of Frame, Ten thoufand People, Men of good Puiffance, To war unto her Hindring multifary, So be our Englijh Merchants neceffary. If it be thus affay, and we (hall witten Of Men expert, by whom I have this written. For laid is that this carted Merchandy Draweth in Value as much verily. As all the Goods that come in Ships thither, Which Englijhmen buy moft, and bring it hither. For her Marts be feeble, fhame to fay, But Englijhmen thither drefs her Way. And then remarks, that fo long as we keep the Domi¬ nion of the Sea, it is in our Power to ftop and deftroy their Trade ; and complains of the Infolence of certain Ships belonging to the Hanfe-tcwns, and of the Folly of Englijh Merchants colouring the Goods of Foreigners im- Then I conclude, if never fo much by Land Were by Carres brought unto their Hand, If well the Sea were kept in Governance They would by Sea have no Deliverance. We fliould him ftop, and we fhould him deftroy. As Prifoners we Ihould him bring to Annoy. And fo we fhould of our cruel Enemies Make our Friends for fear of Merchandife, If they were not fullered for to pafs Into Flanders. Then fhould worfhip unto our Noble be In Feat and Form Co Lord and Majefty : Like as the Seal the greateft of this Land On the one Side hath, as I underftand, A Prince riding with his Sword ydraw. In the other Side fitting, foth it is in faw. Betokening good Rule, and punifhing In very deed of England by the King. And it is fo, God bleffed might he be. So in likewife I would were on the Sea By the Noble, that Sword fhould have Power, And the Ships on the Sea about us here. The Author in the ninth Chapter gives a copious and exafl Relation^ of the Trafhck of Ireland-, and fpeaks Fells of Kids, and Conics great Plenty. So that if Ireland help us to keep the Sea, Becaufe the King cleped is Rex Anglia, And is Danilins alfo Hybernia, Old pofieffed by Progenitors : The Irijhmen have Caufe like to ours, Our Land and hers together to defend. That no Enemy fhould hurt nor offend, Ireland nor us but as one Commonty Should help well to keep about the Sea: For they have Havens great, and goodly Bays, Sure, wide and deep, of good Affays, At Waterford, and Coafts many one. And as Men fay in England be there none Better Havens, Ships in to ride. No more fure for Enemies to abide. Why (peak I thus fo much of Ireland? For all fo much as I can underftand. It is fertile for Things that there do grow And multiply, loke who lull to know. So large, fo good, and fo commodious. That to declare is Arrange and marvellous. For of Silver and Gold there is the Ore, Among the wild Irijh, though they be poor. For they are rude and can thereon no Skill: So that if we had their Peace and Good-will To mine and fine, and Metal for to pure, In wild Irijh might we find the Cure, As in London faith a Jewellere, Which brought from chence gold Ore to us here, Whereof was fined Metal good and clear, As they touch, no better could be feen. Now here beware, and heartily take Intent, . As ye will anfwer at faft Judgment, That for Slought and for Rachefhede Ye remember with all your Might to hede. To keep Ireland that it be not loft. For it is a Butterafs and a Poft, Under England, and Wales another: God forbid, but each were other’s Brother. The Trade for Stock-fifh to Iceland, and the Ufe of the Mariner’s Compels, are plainly deferibed in the tenth Chapter. Of Ifeland to write is little need, Save of Stock-fifh: Yet forfooth indeed Out of Briftowe, and Coafts many one. Men have praftifed by Needle and by Stone Thitherwards within a little while, Within twelve Years, and without Peril Gone and come, as Men were wont of old Of Scarborough unto the Coafts cold. And now fo fele Ships this Year there were. That much Lofs for Unfreight they bear: Ifeland might not make ’em to be fraught he Hawys: Thus much Harm they caught. Then hi :h Neec d of the Commodities Eaft and Weft, South and North they be. And chiefly keep the fharp narrow Sea, Between Dover and Caleis: And as thus That Foes pafs none without Good-will of us: And they abide our Danger-in the Length, What for our Coafts and Caleis in our Strength. I call to fpeak of Ireland but a little: Commodities of it I will entitle. Hides and Fifh, Salmon, Hake, Herring, Irijh Wool, and Linen-cloth, Falding, And Marterns Good be her Merchandy, Harts Hides, and other of Venery. , —- - r _ He concludes this Chapter with a Remark on the Im* tnding ftrictly portance of Calais -, and proceeds with fome Obfervations on the Strength of the naval Power in the Reigns of King Edgar, King Edward III. and of King Henry V. and con¬ cludes with the following earned Exhortation to all Englijh Statefmen, to confider the Importance of his Arguments concerning our Trade, Navigation and Power of the Sea, as the only Means to preferve the Peace, Plenty and Pro- fperity of this Ifland. Now Or , Complete View of the Briti Truft and Power ; formed a Scheme cither ard to negleft his Conforms Relations in his Places of Truft and Power in the Govern- place Henry upon the Throne. He.firft fe- ice and Affeftion of King Edward's Brother larence , to whom he gave his Daughter in withdrew with his Son-in-law to Calais ’; o Brothers, the Archbifhop of York and the mtagttt in tHeir Confpiracy, and entered into je with the King of France \ as entirely devoted to the Earl; and when bought to be ripe for A<5fron, the Duke of d with him to England and they were foon o defeat Edward's Army at purfued by Edwa Cing fupplying them with Men and Money, ] again far England ; and landing ztDartr,south, \ ,ed by fuch Numbers, chat King Edward < to fly the Kingdom in his Turn, and beg the ■ i Brother the Duke of Burgundy , to reftore his mpon IVarwick came to London , and having . mient, Henry was again recognifed King. 1 lpon King Henry and his Ifiiie ; and in de- fue, on the Duke of Clarence and the Heirs The Earl of IVorceJler , Lord-deputy of Ire- b y Ia Y in g Siege to Boulogne, frighten’d the v ' , mt ° an advantageous Treaty of Peace *. This fame A Qi ieen was delivered of Prince Henry. 'I acr^nifff. thc Armanu ‘ nt . which was this Year employ’d hr.® Ji > . aace9 our Hiftorians mention another Squadron 3 dill, Vr hlps ?/ War fcnE b y Kin S to alfift the Arch- :-4 kt AIaxil ^un againft Count or Baron Ravenjtein, who was turn’d Pi rate j feized upon the Town of Stays, and with a confiderable Number of Ships plundered the Veflels of all Nations he met with at Sea. This Squa¬ dron was commanded by Sir Edward Poynings , who after driving their Ships into the Harbour of Stays, then be* fieged by Land by the Archduke’s Army commanded by the Duke of Saxony, block’d them up, and by continue Battery of the two Caftles, which covered the Entrance, reduced the Rebels to a Capitulation, furrendering the Town to the Elector, and the Caftles to the Englifi. Henry rightly judging that Trade would be the beft Means to enrich his Kingdom, and to give him the Su¬ periority over the neighbouring States, from this Time did all in his Power to divert the Minds of his Subjcfts from War, or making Conquefts on the Continent, to Trade j which he endeavour’d to promote with his neigh¬ bouring States by Treaties of Commerce; Privileges and Encouragements for Merchant-adventurers 5 clearing the Coaft from Pirates j and by extending it into Parts till then undifeovered by Europeans, till Death deprived this Nation of fo great, glorious and wife a King; who departed this Life in Peace at his Manor of Richmond, on the 2 2d of Jlprtl 1509. This King was the firft that inftituted a peculiar Guard of his Body, or a certain Company of Archers under a Captain, named the Yeomen of the Guard, with Pay for that Service ; to be continued to the Kings and Queens his Succeflors f . The Concern which this King fhewed for Trade appears more particularly from his Order to the Lord High-chan- cellor to recommend Trade and Manufaftures to the Con- fideradon of his Parliament in the Year 1487 s Ionic of whole Laws are ftill in Force. For by the Aft 19 Henry VII. cap. 21. no Perfon fliall bring or caufe to be brought into this Realm to be fold, any manner of Silk wrought by itfelf, or with any other Stuff, in Ribbands, Laces, Girdles, Corfes, Caules, Corfes ofTiffues, or Points, on Forfeiture, or the Value there¬ of half to the King, half to the Seizer: All manner of Silks, as well wrought as raw, lawful to be brought in and fold. Nor did his Encouragement of Trade ftop here. He was a Merchant himfclfs employed a Number of.Ships in the Merchant Trade, and on all Occafions was ready, on reafonable Confiderations, to affift Adventurers at Sea, and Manufacturers with confiderable Sums of Money and Ship¬ ping. He even was pleafed to accept of the Freedom of the City of ’ London, and of the Merchant-taylors Com¬ pany *, with whom he would frequently dine, and aft as Mafter. He is accufcd of opprclfive Meafures, by which it is infinuated he filled his Coffers with a prodigious Sum of Money. But it is certain, that his Taxes were neither large nor burthenfomc ; and 1 am apt to believe, rfie 5,300,000/. chiefly in foreign Coin, which was found in • A. D.'i ,cY. 485 * ^d 3 ?' n S J se ‘!* Hoi!sr.fcciL Lord Ifecon\ Life of Henry VIL b A. D. 1481. Id. ibid. £ Bacon, HollinlW, i ' • C A.D. f Hollinfhed, A. D. 1485. 14S A NEW NAVA “ nets, and SubjcSs of tb= King, as might be willing to ‘ “ S° wilh him ” He then departed from Briftol, and (as it is related by Sir Humphry Gilbert, who was employed afterwards by Queen Elizabeth on the like Services) failed very far Weft- ward, with a Quarter of tire North, on the North Side of ‘Terra is Labrador, the i irh of June, till he came into the North Latitude of Gxry-feven Degrees and a half, and find¬ ing the Seas ftill open, might and would, as he affirmed, have gone to Cathay, if he had not been prevented by the DilTentions between the Matter, and the Mariners. But this we find, by the Difcovery made in thofe Parts, fince that time, he could not have performed. After this, he, or at lead: his Son Sebajiian, made fcveral Voyages that way, during the Reign of King Henry VII. and difeovered the Iiland oL3/rmi.w7now much better known by the Name ith the reft of the North-eaft Part ot America fwhere now we have fo many flourishing Colonies) as tar as the Cane of Florida ; and landing in fcveral Places, took PoiTcflion of them, in the Name of the King of England. I ne verv Dav on which they made the firft Difcovery of this new World is known by a great Map in his Ma- jefty’s Privy-gallery at Whitehall, of which Sebaftian Cabct was therein called the Author, and where was to be feen his Pifiure, with this Title: Ejf.gies Seb.Ccboti, Ar.gli, Fdn Jo. Calsli, Venetian!, Mililis aural:, &c. On this Map there was likewife the following Account of the Difcovery, the Original of which was in Latin. In the Year of our Lord, 1497, John Cabot, a Venetian, and his Son Sebaftian (with an Englijb Fleet) fet out from ErijicI, and dilcovereG tnat Lana, wn:ch no Man before had attempted. This Difcovery was made on the 24th of Jar.:, above five of the Clock in the Morning. This Land he called Prima Vifta (or Firft Seen) becaufe it was that Part of which they had the firft Sight from the Sea. The Ifland, which lies out before the Land, he called the Ifland of St. John, probably becaufe it was difeovered on the Fe- lbival of St. John Baplift. The Inhabitants of this Ifland wore Beafts-fkins, and efteemed them as the fineft Gar¬ ments : In their Wars they ufed Bows, Arrows, Pikes, Darts, Clubs of Wood and Slings. They found the Soil barren in fome Places, and yielding little Fruit; but it was full of White Bears, and Stags, far larger than thofe of Europe. It yielded Plenty of Filh, and thofe of the larger Kind, as Seals and Salmon. They found Soles there above a Yard in Length, and great Abundance of that kind of Filh, which the Savages called Baccalacs. They alfo ob- frrvcd there Patridees, as likewife Hawks and Eagles, as black as Ravens. By a Piece which we Snd in Hackluit, it would feem as if the Voyage was made by Sebaftian alone. L HISTORY: “ all Things appertaining to the Voyage, which, to “ bed of my Remembrance, was in the Year .1496, “ the Beginning of Summer. I began therefore to lail’to- “ wards the North-weft, not thinking to find any other “ Land than that of Cathay, and from thence to turn to- “ wards India : But after fome Days, I found that the Ln) “ run towards the North, which was a great Difappoint- “ ment to me. Neverthelefs, failing along by the Coift, “ to fee if I could find any Gulph that turned, I f oua ) “ the Land ftill Continent, to the fifty-fixth Degree, under “ our Pole. And feeing that the Coaft ftretched there “ towards the Eaft, defpairing to find the Paflime, I turned “ back again, and failed down by the Coaft of that Land “ towards rhe EquinoSial (thinking ftill I fliould find fe “ Paffage to India) and came to that Part of the Con- “ tinent, which is now called Florida ; where my IV “ vifions failing, I departed from thence, and returned to “ England." Baptijla Ramujius, in his Preface to the third Volume of his Navigations, writes of Sebajiian Cabot as follows: “ In the latter Part of this Volume are fome Relation; “ of John ie Verarzana, a Florentine, and ot a great Cap. “ tain, a Frenchman, and the two Voyages of James Car¬ lo failed 11 ae Land ! A Difcourfe of Sebaftian Cabot, touching his Bifecneery of part of the Weft-Indies, cut of England, is the time of King Henry VII. fpoksn to Galeacius Butrigarius, the Pope's Legate in Spain. t; When my Father (faid Sebaftian) departed from Ve- “ race, many Years fince, to dwell in England, and to “ follow the Bufinefs of a Merchant, he took me with “ him ’ co th = City of London, while I was very young; “ yet having fome Knowledge of Letters of Humanity, “ and of the Sphere when my Father died, in that time, “ when News was brought, that Don Cbriftopber Columbus, “ 3 Genoefe, had difeovered the Coafts of India, of which K there was a great Rumour in all the Court of King “ IleayYll. who tnen reigned; infomuch that all Men, “ divine than human, to fail by the IFeft into the Eaft, “ where Spices grow, by a way that was never known be- “ fore: I was by this Fame and Report excited with a great Defire ro attempt fome notable Thing; and un- “ derftar.dmg, by reafon of the Sphere, that if I Ihould “ tail by way ol the North-weft, I Ihould, by a Ihorter Tract, come into Isdta: I thereupon found Means to have “ hts Majeftv acquainted with my Thoughts, who imme- “ cutely commanded two Caravels to be furnilhed with “ Degrees of Latitude to the North, wltic “ France, which Lands are not hitherto pmecuy icntrai, “ whether they join with the Continent of Florida ami ok: “ Hifpania, or whether they are feparated by the Sea, “ Iflands; and whether by that Way there is a Pjfijgen; “ Sea to the Country of Cathay: As was written to it: “ many Years paft by Sebajiian Cabot, a Man oi gr-.t “ Experience and Skiii in the Arc of Nr “ Knowledge of Cofmographv, who failed beyond t!a “ Land of Nevs-France, at the Charge of llcay VII. “ King of England. Thus Cabct acquainted me, that Ira- “ ing failed a long Time, Weft and by North, bcyosl “ thofe Iflands, unto the Latitude of 67 Degrees and t “ half, under the North-pole ; and, on the util of Jus: “ finding ftill the open Sea, without any Manner of lm- “ pediment, he thought verily, by that Way, to hart “ failed to Cathay, which is on the Eaft, and would Ira: “ done it, if the Mutiny of the Matter and Mariners lai “ nor hindered him, and obliged him to return homeward “ from that Place. This is, however, exploded, as 11st “ obferved above.” Peter Martyr’s Account >. “ Thefe North Seas have been fearched by one Schfta “ Cabot, a Venetian, who furnifhed two Ships in Engld “ at his own Expence, (herein this Ac “ others) and firft, with three hundred Men, diredled Itit “ Courfe fo far towards the North-pole, " Month of July he found monftrous Heaps of Ice, fivim- “ ming on the Sea, and in a Manner continujl Day-light-, “ yet he faw the Land, in that Tracr. tree irom w, “ which had been melted by the Heat of the Sun. Ss- “ ing fuclr Mountains of Ice before him, he was force! “ to turn his Sails, and follow the Weft, coafting ftill b “ fuch Manner, by the Shore, that he was thereby brought “ fo far into the South, by Reafon of the Land bcniat; rrain Account we have of the Country ght by Sebajlian Cabot, “ a Venetian, who fitted out two Ships, at the Coll of , , „ - . ~ n .. f “ Kine Henn VII. of England, with the Intent of traf- and the Spint of Perfection againll all Diffenters from Ins ficking for Spices, as the Porluguefe did. He carried fix fanguinary Articles of Religion) interrupted the laud- ° r . .. - Ul -1 profitable Adventures, fet on root with Jo great ficking fc « wards h ‘thebTyondThe Cape of LaHador, Succefs, 'for Difcove, « till he was beyond fifty-eighty Degrees. He related, only by Heathens; neverthelefs, as « that in the Month of July, it was fo cold, ar J ' u - T ~* r,a,m hv wh,rh 4 hold Newfoundland , and the neigbour- 10 ercai, luul nc uuhl not pafs any farther: That the ing Settlement of Nova Scotia, on the Continent, it will be ■■ Days were very long, aimoft without any Night, and proper “ give the Defection thereof in this Place. “ that even the Ihort Night they had, it was very clear. « Cabot, feeling the Cold, turned towards the Well, re- Newfoundland, “ freihing himfelf at Baccalaos, and afterwards failed along Is an Ifiand of a triangular Form, about as big as Ire- “ the Coaft unto 3S Degrees ; from whence he fhaped his land, and 310 Leagues, or 030 Miles in Circuit. On the “ Courfe to return to England.” North it is feparated from Terra de Labrador, or New Bri¬ tain, by the Streight of Belleijle, which runs Norrh-eaft, A Note of Sebaftian Cabot’r firfl Difcovery of Part of the and is about twenty-three Miles over in its narrowed Part. Indies, taken out of Robert Fabian’r Chronicle. On the Weft it has the Gulph of St. Laurence, and on the “ In the 13th Year of the Reign of King Henry VII, South and Fall the Weftern, or Atlantic Ocean. Cape Race, “ that King, at the Inftance of John Cabot, a Venetian, or R az, the moll foutherly Point of the Ifiand, lies in ert in the Knowledge of the Globe, Nrnh Latitude 46.45, the mod northern Poirn - - r “ caufed a Ship to be mann’d and vifiual’d at Brifiol, “ his own Colt, to fearch for an Kland, which he faid He knew was rich, and afforded Plenty of Merchandize. With .this Ship, thus manned and vidtual’d at the King’s Cod, Teveral Merchants of London ventured fmall Stocks, under the Care of the faid Venetian. And in the Com¬ pany of that Ship went three or four more Ships out of Brifiol, freighted with (light Merchandifes, fuch as coarfe Cloth, Caps, Laces, Points, and other Trifles; and they departed in the Beginning of May.” tudeji. 30. So that the greateft Length of the Ifiand, from Soutli to North, is 280 Miles. Cape Raye, its mod wtfteriy Point, lies in North Latitude 47. 35, and between it and Cape Race, the Diftance is about So Leagues, or zao Miles. unt they give of its that ill: Sky is almoll and verdant Fields, covered with Strawberries, (Ac. that ...... .. the Bullies are nothing but Rafpberries of a delicious Tafte And in the next Year the fame Author informs us, that ks\ trirfiat thereT“eS^^ t rhe e T^ a '‘. V “ S'*"" naturally without Culture, and is very nomifhing ^ , ,1 t, nPcL- f TJI (h r ’ wcre and that the He abounds with all Sorts of Game. Amongft Lanvnate" a^tach-ed 1 Z " thefe is tbe fam ° US Negator Sitbari Whit; Language, aud behaved like-brute Beads. who i„ l6 2 3 publilhed the following Account by Mr. John Smith, Author of the General Hiftory of Vir- Authority, gillie, writes, “ The natural Inhabitants of the Country were few in “ We find that Columbus offered his Service in the Year Number, and fomething rude and favage People, having nei- “ 1488, to King Henry VII, and by Accident undertook ther Knowledge of God, nor living under any kind of civil “ the Difcovery of unknown Lands, for the Spaniards. Government. In their Habits, Cuiloms and Manners, they “ In the Interim, King Henry gave a Commifiion to John refemble the Indians of the Continent. “ Cabot, and his three Sons, Sebajlian, Lewis and San- All along the Coaft of this Country (fays my Author) “ tins. John and Sebajlian, well provided, fetting fail, are many fpacious and excellent Bays, ionic of them ftretch- “ ranged a great Parc of this unknown World, in the ing into the Land, one towards another, more than 20 “ Year 1497. For though Columbus had found certain Leagues. On the Eaft-fide of the Land, are the Bays of “ Ides, it was 1498 before he faw the Continent, which Trinity and Conception, which Ilretch thcmfclves towards “ was a Year after Cabot. So that, in reality, the Honour the South-weft; Tor Bay and Capeline Bay, lying alfo on “ of this great Difcovery is as much, or more due to the- the Eafl, ftretch towards the Well; the Bays of Trepajfey,- “ Englijh Nation, than to the Spanijh. Americas, from St. Mary, Borrell and Plaifance, on the South part of the “ whom this whole Continent has taken its Name, only Land, extend their Arms towards- the North ; the great “ fwepc away the Gleanings (if I may be allowed the Ex- Bay of St. Peters lying on the South-well Side of the “ Dreffinnl nf rKeC. g rca t Difcoverers; but Sebajlian Land, and Eall, Southerly from the great River of Ca- " of them ; for he failed to naiy, being about 20 Leagues diftant, the fame- ftretcheth “ preffion) of thefe , “ Cabot went farther than “ about 0 Degrees Southward of the Line, and to 67 the North.” The Advocates for John Cabot'urge, that his Son Seba- Jhan was not above twenty Years old at the Time of their JJilcovery of Newfoundland, &c. and therefore too youno- to undertake fuch . an Expedition. But when we put this > the Balance againll the Authority of fuch Wri- * | - c i s probable ig of the Li- iwards the Eall; from the Bay of St. Peter, round about the Weft Side of the Land, to the grand Bay, which lieth on the North Side of the Country, and fo from thence, back to Trinity Bay. Trinity Harbour lies near in 49 Degrees North Latitude, commodioufiy feated to receive Shipping in xr.' -- A - ' ’ from thence reafonable Weath to fail tc cencc and the Departure of the Fleet; and the Education from the Harbour’sIV ?! the young Sebajlian might over-rule all Objeftions to Side, and within the Mouth. Clofe adjoining to the Rivet propofed was of Great-Britai . - is certain the Difcovery ftored with Grafs, Winter and Summer, t ide to the great Satisfaftion of the Ad- of ordinary Cattle, befidcs Hogs and Goa at this Time infilled upon by the Court cth North, mod of any Harbour in the I in our Claim of the Settlements on Nsw- Q.q Or, Complete View of the British Marine Italy, 3000/. Worth of Fifh, and clear tremity lies in or about the 41ft Dcgr< :1s than 2000 l. to the Proprietors ; i'o that tuder and its Northern Extremity in 49. 2 Or, Complete View of the B r i t i s i-i Marine. 153 implied 1 ((retching along to the South-weft*. And here aimed at; for, ntceflary to obferve, that though the Rcftitution Ceffion to be ma Ireton to the Crown of England was, doubtlefs, a maiden Fiffiei n the Terms of this Article, as well as that of whereas Nevfom. 'in ; though Cape Breton was always reckoned a veral Ifiands to belong to I t Scotia ; yet, the Englijh w ' lhrt of Nova Sc ■i though Queen dated, that ftie looked upon Cape Breton I -i as a Fart ot the ancient Territory of Novo the 13th Article of the Treaty aforefaid, ‘■i bare-iacedly tricked out of this important a .ace, .v,m.n % was treacheroufly given up to the French , and they were I fuffered to keep it, till it was taken in the late War by the J Force of Nets England , and given to France again, by the S late Peace made at Aix la Cbapelk. The Province of Nova Scotia, (known in the French ;{ Maps under three Denominations, viz. Acadia, Gafpnf.a, and Main) ' ' ^ the Utrecht Treaty, they procured a to them of the liland of Cape Breton, that had fcarce ever been touched ; and was greatly exhaufted, and alio fe- le Gulph of St. Lawrenc .. and therein included by the Patents; with this, they further obtained a Liberty of curing and rying their Fi!h, letting up Stages, ai Iflaild of Newfoundland, during all the Time that it is of any ufe to relort thither; that is, during the Filbing-fea- lon. They, indeed, delivered up the Poffeflion of Pla¬ centia, and lome other Places in Newfoundland ; but did they not take care to have a better Place yielded to them in lieu thereof ? And with this extraordinary Favour to them more than to us, that they have the Liberty granted them to frequent our Jfland of Newfoundland, and erect Stages, (Ac. thereon, for curing and drying their Filh ; but we have not the Privilege allowed us of doing the lame ,, „ . on any of their Iflands, or on the Ifland of Cape Breton. is ueen conquereu by France from England ; Thus they are our Rivals in the Filhery, by our own re-conquereo by England, from France again ; ceded by Confent, which is the more extraordinary, feeing it has ! England to France by Treaty ; and fully, we fee, receded been owing to this Filhery, that they have dared to con- ! again, by France to England, by the Treaty of Utrecht, for tend for the Mattery at Sea with the maritime Strength of the laftTitne, without referve of any Part or Parcel what- England and Holland united. : foever: therefore France can have no room to claim any The Hiftory both of France and England will (hew. that ; Part of this now. it is fince their procuring leave to filh at Newfoundland, I For, if that Nation Mould obtain more than their Right and their Settlement of Cape Breton, that they have grown ‘ in this Part of America, they may, with the contiguous fo formidable at Sea, and that their Navy Royal has aug- ' Colony of Cape Breton, (Ac. be rendered more powerful in mented, in Proportion to the Number of Ships employed A America, than all the other Acquifitions (lie has hitherto in their Filheries here. J ever made there,^ can poffibly do ; becaufe it may for ever Befides thefe Acquifitions obtained by France, to the pro- ■| fecure to her a Superiority in the Filhery there ; fecure the digious Benefit of that Nation, and the r.o ltfs Difarivan- whole Fur-trade o( the northern Continent; afford her fe- tage of our own, have they not turned their Eyes alfo to iveralof the bed Ports, Harbours, and Materials for build- the Miflifftppi, having a View, according to tin ir royal | log Ships of the greateft Force, from whence they may be Map-maker, of no Ids Extent, than to have a Communi- f immediately launched into the Ocean ; inftead of their be- cation of Commerce from the River St. Lawrence to the , ? ing brought with great Difficulty and Hazard (as they Bay of Mexico ? An extenfive Defign, indeed, but what ? now are) from Quebec, down the River St. Lawrence, where, will not an all-grafping, reftiefs, and infatiable Court aim ;• while we poffefs, as the Treaty expreffes, all the ancient at ? Is it out of our Power to check their Career, in thofe (Boundaries of Acadia,. or Nova Scotia, they might be eafily mighty Strides to Dominion? Our Carolina, ((retching efe additional Advantages, Frame to the Mouth of the Miffffippi, if the Country be duly .11 our northern Colonics upon the pqffcffed and fortified, and proper Alliances were made s mull affect our I(land-colonies with the Indian!, could not that River be rendered ufclefs n, is much eaficr conceived than to them ? As to their Title to the Country bordering upon that ir Rivals in the River, ’tis as great a Jell, as their confident Pretenlior.s .jvnnciics uere, auu me mcreaieu to men a prodigious De- to lop off a Part of our Acadia, or Nova Scotia. Grants yrgrec, that they employ above five hundred Sail of Ship- from Crowns of Lands that never were before heard of by : ;l vl o y earl y from St - Ma! °> Rochelle, Granville, St. Mar- the Granters, are of no more Confideration in Juftice and •i.i tms, IJle of Rea, Bayonne, St. Jean de Laze, Sibour, &c. Reafon, than the Legacies in Diego’s Will: but, even ac- c , arr y ?" thc ( r Finery, both wet and dry, on- the great cording to this Title, the Englifh have a prior Right to the ’"''ini' ° f hew f muilmd ' and on the Coaft of that Idand. French in the Mfifippi- King Charles the Firft granted all •;k By this means, they not only lupply themlelvcs with the the Country between Carolina and that Rive -Si™ tty formerly had Irom us, but furnifli many Parts ward, which was called Carolina. Sir Rot act ipatn, Portugal and Italy therewith, and rival us there his Affigns alienated it to the late Dr. Daniel Cox, who in oho a ptod'gmus Lofs They have the propereft fort of King William's Reign, fent two Ships to the Miffjfppi, with •i ” their 0W V’ , which J enders their Voyages much lliorter 200 People, to make a Settlement; over whom Sir IVd- S ?i J ; hetog obliged to go from hence to Rochelle, Ham Waller, fo aftive in the Difcovery of the Popilh Plot, ^ aon » Martin^ to fetch that Commodity, which was to have been Governor. Is not this a plain Proof, that nr D . oors ’ and thereby we frequently the Englijh have at leafl: as great a Right to the MiffiQippi ■e IP nnr Vnvntrac ri,, n they do. as the French, at leaft to a good Part ol it, that which lies irodigious Ad- on the Back of Carolina, and extends to the River’s Mouth upon purfuing in the Bay of Mexico ? I fhall further obferve, both in regard to Newfonn cr a Terror to yean be reprefented. it prefent fo much 01 to the South- they have __. 3 fpend a Month or more in our Voyages th A France is fo extremely fenfible of the i vantage of this Filhery, and fo very inten | Ly 1 '?’ from their firft Attempts to make themfelves cun- liderable at Sea, they have had it perpetually in View.— and Novo j They firft artfully obtained leave to filh, upon the Treaty of Utrecht, which ■S rw y n artf oll5'obtained leave to filh, upon paying a this refpeft is confirmed by that of Aix-la-Chapdle, Nw- , r^ 1 afterwards they got that Acknow- foundland was ceded to G reat-Britain, referving to the u ledgment rchnquilhed : this was far from being all they French, through the good Offices of our iniquitous Ad- i S 6 A N E W N A V A L H I S T O R Y : of his Men only.. He caufed, at firft, a great Diforder ; hat his Galley, by fome Accident or other, fwinging loofe in the Inli2nr, they were left to the Mercy of the French, who preffed upon them, with fo great a Number of Pikes, that they were not able to refill the fuperior Force, but were bore into tiie Sea without any Diftinflion of Perfons. The Lord Ferrers, with his Galley and the fmaller Veffels, was in the mean time engaged with the other Gallies -, but all his Shot being fpcnr, without obtaining any Advantage, end feeing the Admiral’s Galley fall off, he concluded his Pcrlbn was at lcaft in Safety, and therefore retreated. The Admiral being, however, loon miffed, a Flag of Truce, with Sir CScT.cy, Sir Richard Cornwall, and Sir John Wa'dcp, was lent to Prcgcnl, to enquire what Prifoners he had made. The Anfwer was, one common Sailor only, who had informed him, that the Admiral was among the Perfons they had forced over-board. The Fleet having now loft its Commander, was difeouraged from any farther At¬ tempt, and fo returned to the Coafts of England. But Pregent fiulhed with this unexpected, tho’ inconfiderable Succefs, loon followed them, fended fome Men in Suffer, raven: li the Country, and carried away fome Booty; being obliged to retire by the fuperior Force of Sir Thomas Hcw- crd~\\ ho fuccecricd his Brother as Lord High-admiral, and o ha frelh Squadron. The Seas bring freed from the French, this Squadron helped to convoy the King and his Army to Calais ; where he arrived, with four hundred Ships, the thirtieth of June, 1513, the beft Part of his Army, under the Command of L L Vary, and the Lord Herbert, having been tranfporred thither before him. His Armies had before mvelted Teroucnnc, on the aad of June. ~l'he French made an Attempt to relieve it, bur were defeated, and the Place was obliged to furTendcr on the 2ad of Auguft. Tourney foon afr.-r underwent the fame Fate. The King’s Army arrived before it on the 15th of September, and it held out but feven or eight Days, though they had placed this In- feription over the Gates, “ Thou baft never loft thy Vir- “ ginity.’’ With the Reduction of this Place, Henry ended the Campaign, and returned to his Englijb Domi¬ nions, where he arrived the 21ft of OBober. A Treaty of Peace enfued; but in the Year 1514, Fregent, of whom Mention is made in the Tranfaciions of the foregoing Year, fended on the Coaft of SuJJix, and burnt Brightelmjlone, whereupon Sir John Wallop was fent to revenge this Affront, by fending in Normandy. He burnt 21 Towns and - Villages. A Peace being concluded between England and France, we read no more of any confidcrable naval Armament till the Year 1522, when a new War broke out with that Na¬ tion % occafioned by Henry’s Alliance lately concluded with the Emperor of Germany, Charles V. who thereby engaged to join the Englijb Fleet with 1 So Sail. Sir Thomas Howard, now Earl of Surrey, and Lord High-admiral, commanded the Enghjb Fleet, and, by Ipe- cial Permiuion from the King, had a Commiilion, at the lame time, of High-admiral, to command the Imperial Fleet likewile, in this extraordinary Form ‘: “ Charles V. by the divine Favour and Clemency elecfc- “ ed, molt auguft Emperor of the Remans, King of Ger- * c many, Spain, both Sicilies, yeritfalein, Hungary, Dalma- M tin, Croatia, See. Archduke of Avjiria, Duke of Bur- « gundy, Brabant, Earl of Haifperg, Flanders, Tirol, Sec. “ Whereas the moft ferene and powerful Prince, Henry “ VIIL King of England and France , our moft dear Bro- “ ther. Uncle and Confederate, according to die Tenor of the League entered into with us, hath moft juftly “ proclaimed War againft Francis, King of France, for « ! his Breach and Violation of the Treaty concluded with “ either of us joining herein with' us, who have been “ invaded by the faid King of France : And, to carry this “ on more effeaually, hath, among other warlike Prepa- rations, fitted out a Fleet, which he hath put under t[ie “ Command of the molt iliuftrious Thomas, Earl of Sur- “ rey, our moft dear Coufin, Knight of the moft noble “ Order of the Garter, Lord High-admiral of England, *• Wales, Ireland, Normandy, Gafccgns and Attain: We likewife, with the fame Reafon, have decreed to irf.ft the faid common Enemy, the King of France, “ with ouf Forces at Sea, by joining our Fleet wi “ of our aforefaid moft ferene Uncle, both in Confided “ ation of the Valour, Skill, and Courage, and other fin- “ gular Virtues of the faid Adm.ral, whereby lie is ren- “ dered capable, not only of this, but even of a greater “ Truft, as alfo becaufe whatsoever is undeicaken by con¬ s' federate Forces, and united Arms, may be better exe- “ cured, by being under the Conduit of one Captain ge- “ neral than many : Therefore we judged it not unlit, ii:; c . “• wife to place the Charge of our Fleet, and the Confect “ of this War by Sea, under the Command of che laid “ Admiral of England. By thefe, therefore, our letters “ Patent, we grant and give to the faid moft iliuftrious “ Thomas, Earl of Surrey, Lord High-admiral, and Cap- “ tain-general of the Navy of the aforefaid King our moft “ ferene Uncle, the fame Authority, lull and plenary “ Power over our Royal Navy, the Captains, Soldiers, “ and Seamen thereof, of what Degree, Title or Rank . “ foever, which the faid Admiral hath in the King his “ Mailer’s Fleet: Both in promoting the Officers, in con- “ ferring the Honour of Knighthood on Perfons of Merit, “ in punilhing Malc-fadtors, in giving out fitting Orders, “ judging and trying all Caufes, as alfo in executing and “ appointing all and every Thing under his Command, “ according to the Authority by the aforefaid King to him “ granted, and as the lingular Skill and Prudence of him, as Captain-general and Commander in,Chief of the Fleet, “ fliall, on all Occafions, judge needful or expedient to be “ done. To this end, hereby ftridtly commanding and “ enjoining all our Flags, Captains, Lieutenants, Baroni, “ Noblemen, Officers, Mailers, Pilots, Seamen, and ail “ our Soldiers, both Horie and Foot, that either now are, « or lhall be, in our Fleer, that they pay all Obedience, “ Duty and Refpect to the faid Earl, their Admiral and “ Captain-general, or to any Perfon by him lawfully dc- “ puted, in all Things as is fitting, as they fhall at their “ Peril anfwer the concrary. In wirnefs whereof, we have " fubferibed rhis our Commilfion with our own Eland, “ and thereto affixed our Seal." Given in London, June the eighth, 1522, in the third Year of our Reign over the Romans, and fev.nth over the reft of our Dominions. By the Emperor J. All: d. King Hern Before thefe two combined Fleet order’d his Vice-admiral Sir William Filzwilliams lu iu« the Channel, to take all the French he met with, and to fecure the Navigation for the Merchants The combin’d Fleet fail’d together for the Coaft of Ifo- mar.dy, landed at Cherbourg, Janet he 13th; and-having laid watle all the Country round about it, re-imbarked their Men, and returned to Portland. The Fleet again in a few Days, on a new Expeditic Mertm rich they fended on the firft of 74 > Town being taken by Storm, and plundered d . The Mafter-gunner difeharged a Piece ' fo fortunately, that he broke the Wicket, by which fome of the tart s Men entered in the Smoak, and opened the Gate and M reft following, the Town was quickly f-efr’A and burn:, and a rich Booty carried ing befides bui ‘ r Navy. The Admiral kar¬ ri Ships on lb Coafts, returned with the Fleer, and a very great Bon*, to Southampton -, but firft detached a Squadron, under ta- Command of Vice-admiral Filzwilliams, with Orders to continue cruifinsr, and fcouring the Seas. The Emperor, lying at Southampton, ready to embark for Spain, the wra High-admiral took him on-board, on the fixch of M and fended him in a fewDays at St. Anderos, in the ° f Indie Year-1523, a Fleet of fix and thirty Sail of la® Ships was fitted out, and fent to Sea, under the Comnw of Sir William Filzwilliams, with Orders to crude on «■ Coafts of France, and, if pofifible, to intercept the lfe * Herbert. Holin&ed. Ecfcard. b Herbert. c Edurd. Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 157 of fbaIK, then Regent of Scotland, who was to pafs from the Duke of Norfolk, and fevcral other Lords, Knights arid France into that Kingdom, with fome Forces *. Gentlemen, for Calais -, and followed them himfclf, with IFJinJhed fays the Fleet confided of but 2S Sail; but the Remainder of his Troops, in July. The Ship the King then he adds, leven other Ships were fent towards Scotland, went over in had Sails cf Cloth ot Gold. He landed on the which entered th e Forth, and would have boarded the Scotch 14th at Calais ; and ordering his Troops to march to Box- Ships that lay in che Havens: But the Scots run their Ships logne, he befitged it in Ferfon by Land,while the Lord High - on lhoar, and the Englijh followed with Boats, landed and admiral (heightened it with his Fleec by Sea. The Town let them'on fife. Anthony Points had at the fame time the was fo vigoroufly attacked on both Sides, that on the 14th Command of a conliderable Fleet to guard the Weltern of September it fugendered, upon Terms, to the King, if, g e2S But Henry having a numerous Garrifon, and great Store L '’Sir William had the Fortune to meet with 12 French of Provisions in Boulogne, departed for England on the 30th Ships, which had feveral Perfons of the firrt Quality of of September. Scotland on-board, among whom was the Archbifhop of The Lofs of this important Place fo gauled the French Glafcciv, and purfuing them, obliged them to retire for King, that in order- if poflible, to recover it out of the Shelter into the Ports of Boulogne and Diep, after having Hands of the Eng/ip, he aflembled his whole Fleet, con- loft- two of their Ships. Here he left a Number of Ships fitting of 1.50 large Ships, and 60 letter, on the Coaft of Sufficient to block them up; and filling with the Remainder Normandy , and gave the Command of it to Monfieur of the L ; !eet along the Coarts of France , landed in feveial d' Annebault, Admiral of France. To this Fleet was joined Places, and laid the Country watte wherever he came. 25 Gallics from the Mediteiranean, under the Command of His Utt Exploit was at Treport , which he attacked, and Paulin Baron de la Garde', with Orders to be in a Con j burnt the Suburbs; and then having dertroyed all che Ships dition, at the firrt Notice given, to fail for Boulogne , and in the Harbour, and made a very great Booty, returned there to take their Station in iuch manner, that it might with the Ships under his Command to the Coarts of not be practicable for the Englijh to bring any Relief to it Fniiand. by Sea, while the King himlelf beficgol it on the Land- Of this Sir William Fitz Williams (fays Mr. Secretary fide. Burchett) it was obferved, that there was not a ferviceable In che mean time, our Ships of the Weft-country, and Mm under him whofe Name he knew not; not a Week other Coart?, cruifed the Sea, and took ahove 300 French pift'evl but he paid his Ships ; not a Prize, but his Seamen Ships j fo that the Grey Friars Church in London , was laid ihared in it, as well as himfelf; it being his Rule that none full of Wine, and the Aujlin Friars and Black Friars Full of {ought well, but thofe who did it for a Fortune. Herrings and other Filh that was taken 0 . And in the fVe read no more of the Royal Navy till b William Fitz Month of June, before the French Fleet put to Sea, the IPuliem Earl of Southampton, was lent with a Fleet of 50 Lord LJle, with the Englijh Fleet, confuting of 160 Sail, Sail to bring over the Princefs Ann of Clcves, to whom entered the Mouth of the Seine, where lay 200 French Henry \\\\s married on the 6th of January following. This Ships, and 26 Gallics ; and by exchanging fome Shot with Marriage was, however, foon annulled by a Divorce. them, gave occaficn to the Gallics to come out. It being Hairy being engaged in a War with Scotland c , the Lord at firrt a Calm, the Galiies had fome Advantage ; but a JJJle, who had fucceeded the Ear] of Surrey, in the Office Hidden Storm arifing, they could not keep the Si a ; and of Lord High-admiral, received Orders to invade that the Eng/p , for fear of the Flats, were obliged to make Kingdom with a Fleet. The Earl of Hertford , who was the main Sea, and fo failed to Portfnwtttb , where the King Lieutenant-general in the North, with fevcral other Per- was. fons of Diftinltion, and a confiderable Body of Land-forces, The French King gave Orders for his Fleet to annoy the embarked on 200 Tranfport Ships at Ncwcajilc : From Coafts of England. The Admiral accordingly fet Sail with thence the whole Fleet failed to Leith , near which Place his whole Fleet for St. Helens, in the Beginning of July f ; the Troops were fet on-ttioar on the 5th of May. They But before the Departure of the Fleet, the Admiral’s Ship, foon became Matters of Leilh ; and were not long before called che Carracon , took fire, and notwithttanding all they reduced the City of Edinburgh , which they burnt and pottible Diligence, it was not to be extinguilhed. She had, plundered for three Days fucccffively : Here the Lord according to Mr. da Bel/ay, 100 Picas of large Brals- Evers, Warden of the Eatt Marches, joined them, having cannon on-board ; but they mutt have been very fmail a large Body of 7 roops under his Command. '1 he Cita- ones, in proportion to what we now call large Brafs-canncn j del of Edinburgh ftood out againft this united Force under for he himlelf allows, flie was but of 800 Tons Burden, the Lords High-admiral and General * and they finding It is neverthelefs certain, that file was the rtouteft Ship the little Probability of reducing it, retired to Leith, which French had. Ah Author, who wrote about Naval Affairs they likcwife burnt, together with the Pier of the Haven, at that time (Baif de re navali) fays, fhe appeared like a From hence the Fleet failed to fcour the Coafts of Scotland , Caftle among the other Ships of the Fleer, and that fhe and Having every where taken or deftroyed all the Ships had nothing to fear at Sea but Fire and Rocks. She'had and (mailer Vcffels they found in the Creeks and Havens on-board the Money for the Payment of the Troops, and as they paffed, they returned Home. The Land-forces, it was not without Difficulty it was Caved, m the mean time, having burnt Sum, Hadington and Dim- King Ilemy, upon the firft Notice of the great Prcpa- bar, with a great Number of other Towns, Caftles and rations France was making, went to PortfmotUb, to haften luces, made their Retreat to Berwick, where, after having the Fleet of about too Sad, which he had given Orders to laid all the Country watte thro’ which .they paffed, they be fitted out * Here it was he received Advice of the entered the 18th of May, without having loft, in ail this Approach of the Enemy’s Fleet; and to oppofe it, ordered Journey, above 40 Perfons. all the Ships that were ready, to fail out to Spithead. In 1 he Lari of Lenox having foon after this made a Treaty this Ihort Paffatre, the Englijh had the Misfortune to lofe with Kmg Henry \ he w 5 s Cent into Scotland in the Month one of their largcft Ships, the Mary-Rofi, commanded by msiugujt, with 12 or 14 Ships, and about 600 Men under Sir George Carew, with her Commander, and the whole the Command of fome Englijh Knights. With this little Ship’s Crew. This Fleer, which confided of about So iiorce he ravaged the Iftands of efrraw and toe, and burnt Sail, had a Skirmifh with the French Fleet, which con- r , , ,°“l es there - He afterwards landed in the Earl tinued till Night feparated them ". Th n French landed Come O nrgyle s Country, near the Caftle of Dutrvin, which he of their Men the next Morning at three Places in the Ifte urnt, and then took and fpoiled Caintyr. Returning with of IVigbt, but were quickly obliged to retire*. This full m r^ 01 r,° n a cn"’ 35 , 3S , 3 ' n fent out with fome Ships, Repulle did not however difeourage them ; for they pre- K°„J H C °i 0f , *nt]y liin ‘ W a o a in, and began to “confider of Means how Henry,yoo-axWhnfmttde, tranfported a Part of his they might reduce, and when reduced, keep this Ifiand. -Army, conlilting ot 30,000 Men, under the Command of They found, upon Deliberation, that the latter was not to * ttvhrthed. Herbert. Buchanan. i S 8 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: be done without erecting Fort?, which they had neither Time nor Men to effcduate, and fo wifely refolved to re¬ embark. They fct Sail for Porlet, near Boulogne ; but pafiing by the Coafts of Sujfex, landed fome 1 roops near Brigbtehnjione and Nevsbaven, which were Hkewife repulfed with great Lofs. At Portet they landed 4000 Men, but the Wind coming about to the Eaftward, they returned again to our Coafts. But the Er.gUJb Admiral, having now a Fleet of 100 Sail, with Orders from the King to engage, offered the French Battle, which they accepted. The En¬ gagement was lliarp for the Time it Jafted, but Night coming on about two Hours after the Battle begun, fepa- rated the two Fleets. The French made the Deft of their Way to Havre ds Grace , and attempted nothing more this Year. The Lord High-admiral refolved now, in his Turn, to vifit the French Coafts 5 and landing 6oco Men at Trc- rert, burnt the Town and Abbey, with 30 Ships which were in the Harbour-, and having done all this with the Lofs of 14 Men only, returned with' his Fleet to England. In the Memoirs of Sieur Martin du Bdlay , we have a particular Account of the Manner of Fighting in thefe three Iaft Sea-battles; which, with F. Daniel’s Remarks, will be proper to add for the Inftrudion and Entertainment of the Reader. The Number of Ships, fays Monfieur du Bdlay, which fifed ofOT^HundrerradHfifty hr^Tships’" befides fifty Veffels of {mailer Burden, and five and twenty Galiies all which let faii the fame Day, being the fixth of July, from Havre de Grace, la Fcjfe d'Eure, Ihrjicur , Harf.eur and Deep, and directed their Courfe for the Ifte cf JFtgbt, and the Harbour of Pcrlfmoutb , in the latter of which Places the Naval Force of England then lay. The Admiral being arrived eft cf the JJle of JFigbt, on the eighteenth, fent the Baron ds la Garde, with four Gal- lies, as well to take a View of the Ifland, as far as St. Helen's Point; as to fee in what Polture the Englijb lay, it being his Refolution to attack them. He returned with the Report, that their Fleet confifted of 60 tall Ships, excellently well equipped for War, 14 of which had taken the Opportunity of a Land-wind to get out of Pcrtfmostb, with as much Alacrity, good Order, and leaning Uncon¬ cern, as if their .Defign was to Hand the Brunt of our whole Fleet: But our Admiral advancing, with the reft of the Galiies, the whole Englifo Fleet came out of the Harbour, and faced him. After a long, but difrant Fight, the Eng¬ lijb began to retreat under Shelter of the Land, to a Place where they were fecured, on the one Side, by the Cannon .of certain Forts, which were on the Eminences on-lhore, and, on the other Side, by blind Sands and Rocks, which traverfe the Road, and leave only a narrow and oblique Pafiage, juft enough for a few Ships to pafs in Front. This Retreat, and the approaching Night, put an End to the Battle, for that Day; and, notwithftanding the conti¬ nual Fire from the Enemy’s Cannon, and ftnall Arms, our Galiies received no considerable Damage. During the Night, ’the Admiral difpofed the Order of Battle, for the next Day 5 which was in the following Manner. He placed his own Ship, fupported by 30 other feled Veffels, in the Front; the Lord de Boutieres com¬ manded a Squadron of 36 Ships on the Right, as the Baron de Curler, did another, of the fame Number, on the Left: And in confideration of the advantageous Situation cf the Englijb , it was ordered, that 2t Day-break, the Galiies lhould advance towards ihdr Fleer, while at An¬ chor, and by firing upon them, with all poffible Fury, provoke them to an Engagement, and then retreating, endeavour to draw them out of their Hold towards the main Battle. This Order was executed with a great deal cf Intrepidity, and the Weather favoured our" Attempt beyond our \Vi files ; for it proving in the Morning a per¬ fect Calm, our Galiies had all the Advantages of working which they could defire, to the great Damage of the En- gdjb, who, for Want of Wind, not being able to ftir, lay expofed to cur Cannon; and being fo much higher and bulkier than our Galiies, hardly a Shot miffed them ; while they, with the Help of their Oars, fnifted at Plea- fure, and thereby avoided the Danger of the Enemy’s Artillery. Fortune favoured our Fleet in this Manner, for above an Hour, during which Time, among other Damaoa which the Englijb received, the Mary-Rofe, one of thur principal Ships, was funk by our Cannon, and of 5 or Men, which were on-board, only 35efcaped; their Ad- miral-fiiip, the Great Henry , was fo diftrefied, that if ft; had not been relieved by the Ships which were neared her, fhe would have undergone the lame Face. Their Damage would have been far greater if the Weather had not chang^ in their Favour, and delivered them from this Peri!; but a Land-wind arifing, and the Tide favouring them at the fame Time, they bore down full Sail upon our Galiies: This Change was fo fudden, that our Galiies had hardly Time and Room to manage their Oars to tack about; for during the Calm, and in the Height of the Battle, they were got fo near to the Enemy, that they rrmft inevitably have perilhed, by the Bearing down of their Ships upoa them, if, by the Refolution of their Commanders, and the Alacrity and Experience of the Mariners and Rowers, they had not Ihifced their Prows, and by this Management, with the Help of their Sails, got, in a few Hour?, to the Diftance of a Cannon-Ihot. They then retreated, 0: flneken’d their Ccurfe, juft as it was mod conducive to their main Defign of drawing the EngHJlj out of dus Cover. The Englijb had a fort of light Veffels or Pinnaces ( t ’ K French called them Rambarges) which were longer than or- dinary, in Proportion to their Breadth, and were much narrower than the Gailies ; but were worked, like them, with Oars and Sails. Thefe Veffels, their Sailors knew how to manage, with fuch Dexterity, in the Currents 0! thofe Seas, that for Swiftnefs they vied with the Galiies; they bore down uoon them with that Impetuofity, and gauled their Sterns in fuch Manner, with their Artillery, the Gailies having no Cannon, to defend them on their Poops, that nothing but apparent Deftniftion appeared on all Sides; for if they had offered to rack about, th Englijb would have been on-board of them under full Sail, and muff inevitably have funk them: Neverthelcfs, th: Prior of Capua , Brother of the Lord Peter Stroffe, not be¬ ing able to put up with this Indignity any longer, begn to tack about upon one of the Enemy’s Veffels, which v?a advanced before the reft, and was at the very Stern-pci of one of our Gailies ; but tire Englijb Veffel being ftorttr, and of courfe nimbler, fhifted quicker, and foon regained the Fleet; after which, neither ihe, nor the reft of th Fleet, continued the Purfuit any farther. In the mm Time the Admiral, having ranged his Fleet in the Order I have already deferibed, gave the Signal for the BsrJc, believing the Enghfb would continue their Courfe; butt: was foon undeceived, and found they were more circus- fpect than he expected : They had only purfued the Gd- lies, as far as they could do it with Safety, and then re¬ treated towards their Forts, thinking that we, depending upon our fuperior Strength, would have followed them, and have hazarded a Battle at fo great a Difadvantagc. In this Skirmifh we loft fome Gally-flaves, and a few private Soldiers, but not one Perfon of Diftinftion. The next Day the Admiral, perceiving that the £a$S would not hazard a Battle in the open Sea, began to think of attacking them where they Jay: To this End he called together a Council of the Pilots, Captains, and chief Mi; riners, to be informed of the Nature and Circymftmcrso: rhe Place, and by what Means he might belt form ik Attack amidft the Difficulties which attended it. IR* 5 ' prefented to them how much we were fuperior to the b- glijh , as well in Number of Ships, as the Valour of oar Men ; and what Advantage a Victory (which he belie*® was in their Option) would be of to their King and Coun¬ try. As well the Men as the Officers expreffed a g r; * Willingnefs to engage; but the Sea-commanders and W*® declared it was not to be attempted without an Lofs: The Reafons they alledged were thefe; that tn;y could not attack the Englijb without venturing into a Chan¬ nel, where but four Ships could go in Front, and theft ® Englijb might oppofe with the fame Number ; and befides, as they could not go in but by Favour of the Wind Tide, as foon as the firft Ships were engaged,-thofe wnicfi followed would inevitably drive upon them with the Stream. i6z A N E W NAVAL HISTORY: to be corned into fefiams, going for twelve Pence a-piece. Groats, half Groats, Pence, Halfpence, and Farthings. And by Proclamation”, the 16th of May 1544, and the thirty-fixth of his Reign, Gold was railed to forty- eight Shillings, and Silver to four Shillings yhe Ounce. And the next Year it was (HU worfe *, the Gold being only twenty Carrats fine, and the Silver but four Ounces fine, and eight Ounces Allay, whereby the Pound of pure Gold was raifed to thirty-fix Pound, and the Pound of fine Silver to feven Pound four Shillings. Alfo Rent of Lands and Tenements, with Prices ot Victuals, were raifed, far beyond the former Rates. The Spirit of failing in quell of unknown Countries greatly increafed in this Nation as well as in Spain and Portugal. The Difcovcries made by them in the Eajl and JPrji-Indies, and the Way opened by Cabot to Cape Flo¬ rida in Hortb-America , raifed an Emulation in our Englijh Navigators. Mr. Robert Thorite Merchant, who had re¬ dded many Years at Seville in Spain, obferving the great Increafe of" Wealth, in a (fcort time, to Spain and Portugal, from their new Settlements, wrote a moll pathetic Letter to King Henry VIII. exhorting his Majclly not to drop the Advantages, which would follow to the Englijh Nation by pur fuing the Discoveries begun in the late King his Fa¬ ther’s Reign, by the Cabots. Part of which Letter, as alfo a longer Difcourfe of his to enforce the fame Advice, are worthy of our Attention, and will (hew how greatly the Navigation of Europe was improved in a very few Years. “ Now I conlidering this your noble Courage and De- “ fire, and alfo perceiving that your Grate may at your yea nothing at all, where fo great Ilono is hoped for; and confidering well the C the Danger and Way is fhorter to us, than Portingall, as by evident Reafons appearct “ And now to declare fometlring of the and Utility of this Navigation, it is very clea that the Seas that commonly Men lay, \ Danger, Difficulty and Peril, yea rather it to pafs, that thole fame Seas be navigal out any fuch Danger, but that Ships n have in them perpetual Clearnefs of the any Darknefs of the Night: which Thir Commodity for the Navigants, to fee t round about them, as well the Safeguard and how great Difference it is between the and Perils of others, which lofe the moll J four and twenty Hours the find Light, ant nefs groping their Way, I think there is r rant but peredveth this more plainly, tit expreffed. Yea, what Advantage (hall Subjects have alfo by this Light to difeove Lands, Countries, and Grafts ? For if tht covered, to fail by them in Darknefs is wi ger, much more then the Grafts not difeo gerous to travel by Night, or in Darknel Dangers or Darknefs hath not letted the . Pcrtingals, and other, to difeover ma Realms to their great Peril. Which co that your Grace’s Subjects may have the it will feem your Grace’s Subjects to be vity or Courage, in leaving to do this glori Enterprize. For they being pad this littl Or , Complete View of the British Marin rt of a Difcourfe written by the right Worfhipful Mr. Ro¬ bert Thorne in the Tear 1527, in Sivil, to Dr. Ley* Lord-ambaffador for King Henry VIII. to Charles the Emperor, being an Information of the Parts of the World , difcovered by him and the King of Portingal; and alfo of the Way to the Moluccaes by the North. \ht Noble and Reverend in, &c; “ To write unto your Lordfliip of the new Trade of Spicery of the Emperor, there is no doubt but that the Iflands are fertil of Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, and Cin¬ namon j and that the faid Iflands, with other thereabout, abound with Gold, Rubies, Diamonds, Balafies, Gra¬ dates, JacinCts, and other Stones and Pearls, as all other Lands chat are under and near the Equinoctial. For we fee, where Nature giveth any Thing, flie is no Nigard. For as with us and other, that are aparted from the faid Equinoctial, our Metals be Lead, Tin, and Iron, fo theirs be Gold, Silver, and Copper. And as our Fruits and Grains be Apples, Nuts, and Corn fo theirs be Dates, Nutmegs, Pepper, Cloves, and other Spices. And as we have Jett, Amber, Cryilal, Jafper, and other like Stones*, fo have they Rubies, Diamonds, Ba- lafles, Saphires, JacinCts, and other like. And though fome fay that of i'uch precious Metals, Grains, or Kind of Spices, and precious Stones, the Abundance and Quantity is nothing fo great, as our Metals, Fruits or Stones above rehearfed j yet if it be well confidered, how the Quantity of the Earth under the EquinoClial, to both the tropical Lines, (in which Space is found the Jaid Gold, Spices and precious Stones) is as much in and efpecially to know what Navi' thofe Iflands Northwards, and Norc “ For if from the faid Iflands the Si out Interpofition of Land, to fail fr Ihould come to the new-found Iflands and fo we fliould be nearer to the fai 2000 Leagues than the Emperor, c tingal are. And to advife your L thefe Spiccries of the King of Porting ward, and finifheth in the Land th is called here Terra de Labrador, i the faid Land that we found, and \ one main Land. il The faid Coaft from the faid Indit the Card your Lordfliip may fee, c declare more at large; the which againft 315 Degrees of Longitude, a Altitude from the Equinoctial 53 Land from the faid Beginning of t Grient are certain Iflands of the Can Capo verde. But the firfi: main Lai Equinoctial is the faid Capo verde, and ward by the Streight of this Sea of loweth Spayne, France, Flanders, Ain Norway, which is the higheft Part And over againft Flanders are our Ifl Ireland. Alfo returning to the fore Coaft goeth Southward to a Cape c, fperanfa ; which is right over-sgainfl Degree of Longitude. And by thi Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 165 hall ; at the Sight of whom the King anti all the Nobility did not a little marvel, and not without Caule; for in Ins And hitherto “ Cheeks were Holes made according to their lavage Man- and therein frnall Bones were planted, Handing an the faitl Holes, which in his own Country “ But it is a general Opinion of all Geographers, that o naflintr the feventh Clime, the Sea is all- ice, and the .< Cold Tb much that none can fuffer it. And hitherto “ they had all the like Opinion, that under the Lme-equi- “ fince'iby 1 ExpeVcnce^s^oved ^no^LandVo much “ was reputed for a great Bravery. He had alfo another : „ And l conclude, I think « Hole in his nether Lip, wherein was fee . - preoous Stone ' « the lame fliould be found under the North, if 1 experimented. For as ail judge, nihil fit [ “ rum nature. ; fo I judge there is no Lan • „ nor s e3 innavigable. If I lhould wi “ about the Bignefs of a Pea: All his Apparel, Behaviour, “ and Gefture were very (Irange to the Beholders. “ Having remained here the Space almoft ot a whole “ Year, and the King with his Sight fully fatisfitd, Mailer too prolix, and it “ Hankins, according to his Promile and Appointment, enc Matter. God “ purpofed to convey him again into his Country: But it ...... of Diet, the faid lavage King died ai_ 11 was feared would turn to the Lofs of the Life of Martin “ Cockeram, his Pledge. Neverthelefs, the Savages being fully perfuaded of the honell Dealing of our Men with • ' r ' ' " ' ' the faid Pledge, .■' “ their Prince, “ urefenteth this ui . ■ • feemeth not rec, ... , .1 knoweth, that tho’ by it I lhould have nt i “ vet I have had, and Hill have, no little i»j,nu 1 u Bufinefs: fo that if I had Faculty to my Will, it lhould ■; .. be the firll Thing that I would undertake, even to at- i « tempt if our Seas Northward be navigable to the Pole, i “ or no. I reafon, that as feme Sickneffes are hereto...-=-••••- v - ; .. rious, and come from the Father to the Son, fo this “ Harm to him, or any Man of the Company •, whic ; u Inclination or Defire of this Difcovery I inherited of my “ Pledge of theirs they brought Home again into Eng- ■i Father, which with another Merchant of BriJtow named land, with their Ship freighted, and furnilhed with the " u j-hub Eliot were the Difcoverers of the new-found Lands, “ Commodities of tne Country. \\ h:c;i Mai tin Coda am, <■ oflhe which there is no doubt, (as now plainly ap- “ by the Witncfs o( Sir John Hauhus, being an Officer m ii “ ceatetii) if the Mariners would then have been ruled, “ the Town of Plimmtb, was living within thefe few .5 « anc l followed their Pilot’s Mind, the Lands of the Weft- “ Years.” PA tTJH ^FnTalMs one Coall, as by the Card appeareth, And upon the fame Authority it appears, that the Mcr- ” - 1 -of London and Southampton traded to the "i “ and is aforefaid.” chants of’ London and Southampton traded to the Bay of. Saints in Brafd ; and that Edouard Cotton, Efqs built a f ui. for the Englijh near to the faid Bay. ;d two Ships to be manned and victualled, and ■-! 'to fail under the Direaion of Mr. Thorne \ in quell of a “ In the Year 1536, fays the fame Author, one Mailer : | Mrtb-wejl Piijfage to the Eajl- Indies : But to no Purpofe. “ Hore of London, a Man of goodly Stature and of great li One Ship was loll; the other was obliged by the Ice to put “ Courage, and given to the Study of Cofmography, in a bark, without Succefs. Mr. Thorne was afterwards Mayor “ the 28th Year of King Henry VIII. and in the Year ot I of the City of Briftol, and lies buried in the Temple Church “ our Lord 1536, encouraged divers Gentlemen am - ■ .. 1. ,-Tifted by the King’s Favour and good .; st London, under this Epitaph, Robertus jacet hie Thorne, quern Briltolia quondam Pretoris merito legit ad officium. Htiic etenim femper magnar refpublica curie, Charior & cunflis Patria divitiis. Ferre inopi auxilium, trifles componere lites Dulce huic confilio, quofquc juvare fuit. Qui pius exaudis miferorunr vota, prcccfque, Chrille huic cceli des regione locum. : This Difappointment in the North did j further’Attempts towards Difcoveries in oilier Parts. For, 1 as Hackbut writes, “ Old Mailer William Hankins of Plnu- “ mouth, a Man for his Wifdom, Valour, Experience and “ Skill in Sea Caufes much efteemed, and beloved of King “ Henry VIII. and being one of the principal Sea-captains ; “ in the Well Parts of England in his time, not contented “ with the Ihort A r oyages commonly then made only to the “ known Coafts of Europe, armed out a tall and goodly “ Ship of his own, of the Eurthen of 250 Tons, called ... _. ^ _ “ the Paule of Plimmoulb, wherewith he made three long “ Father to the Worlhipful M. William Wade, r impany him in a Voyage of Difcovery upon “ the North-weft Parts of America ; wherein his Pcrfua- “ (ions took filch Effedt, that within fhort Space many “ Gentlemen of the Inns of Court, and of the Chancery, “ and divers others of good Worfhip, defirous to fee the “ ftrange Things of the World, very willingly entered “ into the Action with him, fome of whofc Names were “ as followeth : M. Wcekes, a Gentleman of the Weft- “ country of 500 Marks by (he Year living ; M. Tucks 1 “ Gentleman of Kent-, M. Ttidfield-, M. .Thomas Buns, “ the Son of Sir William Butts, Knt. of Ncrfolkc, which “ was lately living, and from whofe Mouth I wrote moll “ of this Relation; M. Hardie, M. Bircn, M. Carter, “ M. Wright, M. Raftal Serjeant Rajlal’s Brother, M. Rid- tc Icy, and divers others, which all were in the Admiral “ called the Trinitie, a Ship of 140 Tons, wherein M. Here “ himfelf was imbarked. In the other Ship, whofe Name “ was the Minim, went a very learned and virtuous Gen¬ 's tleman, one M. Armigil Wade, afterwards Clerk of the Counfels of King Hemy VIII. and King Edouard Vf. v Clerk “ the Ntgroes,and took of them Elephants-teeth,-- “ Commodities which that Place yieldeth ; and fo arriving “ °n the Coall of Brafd, he ufed there fuch Difcretion, “ and behaved himfelf fo wifely with tliofe favage People, “ that he grew into great Familiarity and Friendlhip with “ them. Infomuch that in his fecond Voyage, one of the “ favage Kings of the Country of Brafd, was contented to “ take Ship with him, and to be tranfported hither into “ England ; whereunto Mailer Hankins agreed, leaving be- “ hind in the Country, as a Pledge for his Safety and Rc- “ “ rn a S ain > one Martin Cockeram of Plimmouth. This “ Braftlian King being arrived, was brought up to London, “ an<1 ptefented to King Henry VIII. lying as then saWbite- t>ook m iC page° S ° ba11 ™ Calwt "’riteth in an E P ilUl: t0 Bapdlta Ramufius. the Trinitie and the Minion, were about 120 Pcrfons, “ whereof 30 were -Gentlemen, which all we muftcrcd in warlike Manner at Gravefend, and after the receiving of the Sacrament, they embarked thtmfelves in the End of April 1536. “ From the time of their fttting out from Gravefend, they were very long at Sea, to wit, above two Months, and never touched any Land until they came to part of the Weft Indies about Cape-Briton, (haping their Courfe thence North-caftvvards, until they came to the Ifland of Penguin, which is very full of Rocks and-Stones, whereon they went, and found it full of great Fowls, white and grey, as big as Gcefe, and they law infinite Numbers of Ilackluil 1 7 o A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: CHAP. III. The Naval Affairs, and State of tbs National Tp.ade and Commerce, inchnh Discoveries, and Memoirs of the mof eminent Sea-officers' and Navigators, tbs Reign of King Edward VI. ft'DTPARD VI. only Son of King Henry VIII. by Queen Jar.; Seymour, his third Wile, luccceded to the Crown, being about nine Years of Age at his Acceffion \ King Kerry having no Son living by either of his former Wives, ar.d both Queen Kasberme and Queen Aunt being dead before he married Queen Jane, no Objedlion can be made to the Legitimacy of this Prince, or to his Title. King Edmari VI. was crowned the 20th of February 1547. This Prince is faid to have had a ftrait 2nd well propor¬ tioned Body, a fweet and beautiful Afprct, efpecialiy in his Eyes, which Teemed to have a Barry Livelinefs and Luftre in them. As there was a great Vivacity in his Looks, fo the Beauties and Perfections of his Mind were incompa¬ rable for his Age. He was not only learned in the Tongues and the liberal Sciences, but was well Bulled in the State of his Kingdom. He kept a Taoie-uooK, in which he had writ the Charaflers of all the eminent Men in the Na¬ tion. He ftuditd Forrincation, underftcod the Mint, and knew all the Ports, Havens, and Harbours, in his Do¬ minions, with the Depth of the Water, and way of Accefs to them. He was lo well verfed in foreign Affairs, that the Ambafiadors lliat were lent into England publilhed ex¬ traordinary Things of him in all the Courts of Europe. He had great Quicknds of Apprehenfion ; but being diffi¬ dent of his Memory, he took Notes of every material Thing he heard, in Greek Charaaers, which he afterwards copied out fair in the Journal he kept. His Virtues were admirable, being truly juu, ana mcrciiui in his Difpoiition, and taking fperi2l care of the Petitions that were given him by the Poor and Oppreffed. But his pious Zeal for Reli¬ gion crowned all the relt; which did not proceed from an angry Heat, but from a true Tenderntfs of Confcience, founded on the Love of God and his Fellow-creatures. Tl Q. h h m Swcctnefs and Affability, made him univerfally beloved by all his People. The Council appointed by his Father’s Will to be King Edmard’s Governors till he arrived at tile Age of eighteen and flioulu, under certain" Kedriftions of Affairs in the King’s Name •, and it that the laid Power and Authority lhe Earl of Hartford , with toe Title of King's Perfiu, and Pro:-tier of the Kin Oppoftuon ;rom Lora Cuancniur ' land, and Defcents into Ireland ; and the French declare! their Intention to aid and afiifl them in cafe they were driven to a Necefijty to demand their Help. In theie Straits it was found moft advisable to c:rr? War into the Dowds or Scotland ; for which Purpcfe a con- fiderable .Army was levied, and entered that Kingdom under the Command of the Protestor himfelf; who pro! pofed Terms of Peace, on condition the States would an* their Queen in Marriage to King Edward\ and on the co:- trary, threatened them with Ruin and Dellru&ion. | The Englijb Army was fupported by a Fleet on tht | Coaft: of 65 Sail, 35 whereof were Ships of Force, com.! manded by Lord Clinton, Admiral of the North Sea, al; Sir UBllians IFocdboufe , his Vice-admiral, which upon th: Day of Battle greatly annoyed the Scots J ; their Cannon¬ balls cutting oft a whole Lane of Men at once ; and giv* the Victory to England with the Lofs of 14000 Scots killed, and 1500 taken Frifoncrs. The Protestor improved this Succeis, who entered Leith, while his Fleet burnt the S» towns of Fife, deftruyed all the Craft that lay in the Hr- hours, and recovered ieveral Ships that had been taken tyl the Enemy. He detached alfo a Squadron to the Mourn of the Taj, which reduced tiie Caitle of Brought], ik\ commanded that River, battered Edinburgh, a ' ' Places. But thefe Advantages, which were ftill a .. 31 under the Protector’s Conduct, were fruftrated by the h j trigues of his Brother, who poffeffed with an ambitiw View to divide the Government with the Protector, andtJ gain the Poffdiion of the King’s Perfon, joined with his Brother’s Enemies, and forced him to leave the Laurelscf a general Ccnqudt of Scotland, and to return to Court 0 j prevent his own Rum; who in this glorious Expedition fci loll but 60 Men. So that inftead of a Peace, the .s’:;/. 1 , depending upon the DuTentions at the Englijb Courr, re- foivcJ to continue the War; and, to remove the young' Queen beyond the Engljh Power, provided a Fleet t: convey her to France , which was accordingly effeded bjfj fleering their Courie North abour, to avoid the Hazardts j the Englijb Fleet, llationed by the wife Protestor The French after this acted openly in favour of ilieSrtft 1 A large Supply was fent them from France, which afliild s the Scots in the Recovery of feveral Forts, and the Si$ j of Hadington. In the mean time the Lord High-adnu^ * of England was fent to ravage the Coaft, while the Earkj Sbrewjlwy marched to the Relief of Hadington ; whd Service the General performed with Succefs. But the Ad¬ miral, after making two Defcents, in which he loftn® Men, was obliged to return without Honour; and ws next Year f empeached for High-treafon and beheaded. His Death did not abate the Oppofition to the Prottdot, whofe moft powerful Enemy, the Earl of F'arwich, ^ \ furvived, who improved every Adtion of the Earl of rnerjet to his Bifadvantage: which occafioned great Mil"®' derllandings among the Miniftry. And the Variety of Op-; nions about Religion, being feconded by the DiftronreflB J of the Commonalty of the Nation againft the Nobility. Vl ^ I deprived them of the Privileges of common Grounds,Jr inclofing them for Pafturcs, the internal Peace of the* -'. 171 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: t the fame time : gain’d a competent Skill in the practical Part of Navigj. Perinn. after the tion alfo, betore he was feventrai Years old. p,^ hange any coin’d whence it appears more credible, what has been advanced 1 t or paying any concerning his foie undertaking of che Voyage in the Year ild be declared by 1497, by which our Seamen were firft taught how to ft Kr >r, the Money fo to North America ; if not, it mud be allowed, from the Party differ Fine concurring Evidences of Pc'.cr Martyr !, Sebafiian’s intimate Acquaintance ; of Ram.uf.us, the mod faithful Collector of me 1 .- m lnsorovc Voyages in I:alias: the different Accounts of the Ships3 anti oumects, his employed, and of the Degree of Longitude ° to which the -an Steelyard Fac- Voyage was made ; tint after the Return of John Coin , of England into the Father, this Son Sebafiian undertook a fecond Voyage mafcied to fet fuch into thofc Seas of North America, and extended the Dff. ires of this King- coverit-s made by his Father in 1497; which ftems the molt tened the national probable ; and is mod certainly referred to by Sir/ft r ’ Monfon, who in his Preface to the third Volume of hh excellent Collection, has this remarkable Paffage : “ To come to particulars of Augmentation ot our Trade, ■ every Bulhel lo to be “ or our Plantations, and of our Difcoveries becaufe every r conveyed into the Parts “ Man dull have his Due theiein, I will begin (fays hr) ’ ,r •- T - r -- “ with Newfoundland, lying npon the main Continent ot America-, which the King of Spain challenges as hid “ Dilcoverer. But as we acknowledge the King of S[m with final Deftrufiion ; and caufed 10 Pcrfons diall jhip, lade, carry or ' he Parts beyond the Seas, K’nrr. a nd half to the Ir.fur- ;, fo neceflary for the well- O^i which the Fiihint ’arJ and Ic, rement iris Majedy “ the find Light of the Wed.and S. W. Parts of At 00k Difcoveries of “ fo he, and ail the World mud confefs, that sve were ill: srrnncs in the new “ firft that took Poffefiion for the Crown of England, of lie Inftance “ the North Part thereof, and not above two Years Difo. 4. d. granted to Se- 11 rence betwixt the one and the other. And as thetya. was created Pilot- “ niards have from that Day and Year held their Poflcllim his great Skill in “ in the Weft ; fo have we done the like in^ the North, the Service done to “ And tho’ there is no refpecl in comparifon of tile Wealth he latter, the Act “ betwixt the Countries, yet England may boaft that the r Thing by any “ Difcovery fiom the Year aforefaid to this very Day, 'and, is a lulling “ hath afforded the Subjects annually 120,000 /. and en- Me Seas was laid “ creafed the Number of many a good Ship and Mari- ‘ ners, as our Wcftern Parts can witnefs by their Fiihitg ‘ in Newfoundland .—Difcovered in the Reign of Henry YK. by Sebafiian Cabot, who called it by the Nam hole Obdrurtions with which that In- 1 fant-fiihery had been clozg’d, were removed. But nothing ' expreffed his Maiefty’s Zeal more for the Trade of his Sub- ' _ . jefls, than his Commands to Mr. Smith, his Agent at Ant- “ callao, an Indian Name for a Fijh, which was found by anerp, upon a Complaint of the Merchants, to tell the Re- “ him in great Abundance on that Coaft.” Which is a gency ol that City (who thought it ltrange that King Ed- great prefumptive Proof that Sebafiian Cabot was not only ward paid more regard to his Merchants than to the Em- the Principal in the Difcovery of the Ifland of Neafcai- perot’s Fricndfhip) that the King of England would fup- land, but alfo that he eftabliflied a Vfiery at the fame Time pert the Commerce of his Subjects at the Hazard of any on that Hand and Coaft, which was continued with great Monarch’s Friendfnip upon Earth ! . The fame Spirit ap- Advantage to England ; and has been ever lince to this peared in his Majefty’s Remonftrances and Meafures taken Day a Source of Riches and naval Power to Great-Britek fcv the Fretub. ' And when Death took him ok the Throne vigatcr (who may in juftice be faid to lay the Foundation he was fcuiy in preparing certain Schemes for the Ir.creafe of our maritime Strength, by erecting a Nurfery of S» and Encouragement pf Seamen, and for preventing the men, and open’d a way to thofe Improvements in Aomin, ruinous Mttnod of carrying on a Trade here in foreign which can be better conceiv’d than expreffed, and enable Bottoms b . us to give Laws to the Ocean, and to extend our Trade 10 By rhele Means his SubjcSs were prevail’d upon to con- the mod diftant Climates) was fo neglected or difgufted ts fider Trade, as the only Means to enrich the Nation, and to be driven to a Necelfity of entering into the Service of to venture their Fortunes in its Support; and a Founda- Spain ? Some attribute this Change of Mailers and tac¬ tion was laid for all the Riches and Commerce that has reft to his Difappointment in a Voyage, which he under- Cnee that Time fo much fiourilh’d in this Nation. took by the Advice, and with the Afliftance of Sir Thai The mod eminent Navigators within this Period were Pert, Vice-admiral of England, who lived at Blackball, i» Sebafiian Cabot, the Son of John Cabot, employ’d by the Hamlet of Poplar, about three Miles Eaft of Zffifa. Henry VII. in the Difcovery o t Newfoundland, Roger Bo- near the Thames. Of which we have the following Account ". ’ Hackiuit ? . “ Sir Thomas Pert and Sebafian Cabot, about the 8th ot der.ham, Thomas tl indbam, and Richard Chancellor. Memoirs of the Life of Sebastian Cabot. Sebafiian Cabot, of whom Mention is made before in Partnerfhip with his Father John Cabot, commiffion’d to make Difcoveries of unknown Lands by King Henry VII ’. was the fecond Son of that great Navigator and Cofmo- grapher, born at Briftol, and educated in all the Knowledge tor which his Father is celebrated; who the better to en¬ graft the Theory of his fit ft Rudiments in Navigation, fent Sebafiian early to Sea, by which Means our young Sailor L! Henry VIII. q were fent by the faid King Henry wth “ certain Ships, upon a Voyage of Difcovery toward “ Brazil and the South-Seas 1 which had ic not been lot “ the Faint- hearcednefs of Pert, the Riches of which PW “ are carried from Peru to Spain, might have been pd- “ fefs’d by the Crown of England, and confign’d to the “ Tower of London. Thefe Adventurers made the Co* “ of Brazil, which he was obliged to quit by Sir Th<0 “ Perl’s Mifconducl; and thence fteer’d for the Bland « “ Hijpa* in Hackiuit, ibid. p. 131. s 1 See Page 147 of this Hifloty. J" Ships; oSe lout Ship belonging.to tleW this Hirtory. 0 John Cabot is lad ® Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 177 ;t them, as well from Countries near hand, as far remote, “ Setter-forth of this Journey or Voyage, he cite laid Se- “ commending themlelves to their Protection. And if it “ bafiian fliould be the fit ft and preicnt Governor of the “ be Right and Equity to Ihew fuch Humanity toward all “ fame Fellowlhip and Commonalty, to have and enjoy '• Men, doubtlefs the fame ought chiefly to be {hewed to “ the faid Oflice of Governor to him, the faid SebaJUan “ Merchants, who wandering abouc the World, fearch “ Cabota, during his natural Life, without removing or “ both the Land and the Sea, to carry fuch good and pro- “ difmifling from the fame Place V’ A Declaration and “ fitable Things, as are found in their Countries, to re- Privilege, which will do him more Honour to all Pofterity, “ mote Regions and Kingdoms, and again to bring from than the greateft Titles which the Crown could grant him. “ the fame, fuch Things as they find there commodious And, according to the bell Accounts, Cabot greatly merited “ for their own Countries ; both as well that the People, the Honour of this new Port, not only by his former Con- “ to whom they go, may not be defiritute of fuch Com- du£f, but by his continued Adivity in the Management of “ modities as their Countries bring not forth to them, as the Company’s Affairs till the Day of his Death, which “ that alfo they may be Partakers of fuch Things, whereof happened abouc the'Year 156;, being turned of 70 Years “ they abound. For the God of Heaven and Earth greatly of Age. “ providing for Mankind, would not that all Things ; “ fliould be found in one Region, to the End that one Memoirs of the Life of Captain Roger Bodexham. . “ fliould have Need of another, that by this means Friend- Mr. Roger Bodenbam, Captain of a flout Ship, named ; “ fliip might be eftablilhed among all Men, and eveiy one the Aucber, from its Owner Sir Ambon y Aucber, departed ■ “ lct ’ k t0 8 rat,f y al1 - For the Eflabhfhing and Further- from Gravefend on the 1 3 th of November 1550, lor Candia ' “ ancc of which umverfal Amity, certain Men of our and Ohio, two Hands in the Levant -, but was by contrary S “ Kealm, moved hereunto by the faid Defire, have infti- Winds detained in the Hope till the 6th of January fol'ow- 1 “ tuted and taken upon them a Voyage by Sea into far ing. In his Way he touched at Cales, where he unloaded ; “ Countries, to the Intent that between our People and part of his Merchandife, and took more on board. He “ the,n ’ a Way ma >' be opened to bring in, and carry out did the fame at Mefftna, on the Hand of Sicily ; where all'o Merchandlfes, defiring us to further their Enterpril'e. he had been promifed by his chief Merchant Anfd.n Sal¬ ic" Who affenting to their Petition, have licenfed-the right gado, a Pafs-port to keep him clear of the J-i,k whole va ' ianc and worch y Sir Hugh Willoughby, Knt. and other Ships at that time trready interrupt! the Uniitun Navi- ; “ our trufty and faithful Servants, which are with him, gation in the Levant •, but it could not be obtained the according to their Defire, to go to Countries to them Mujfelmen preparing to befiege Malta. heretofore unknown, as well to Peek fuch Things as we l n this Strait Captain BoaetiL lack, as alfo to carry unto them from our Regions, deliver the Cargo at his own R ; “ fuch Things as they lack. So that hereby not only Cbio, refolved to try his Fonuo Commodity may enfue both to them and us, but alfo fleer clear of the Turk.fh Fleet, h ■ “ “ and P er P et u a > League of Friendfliip be any fmaller Craft that mighc lie c tho’ his Men were exceeding unwilling tc irit Place he touched upon in the Archipelago was the fma!l “ ^F ereof a J e deftitute. We there- fcrce/pil^Tand"when'he'fiTed'took under his Convoy Vfe-chfns k 1, hoping tc Coaft a , iftablifhed between us both, while they permit “ take of their Things, fuch whereof they have Abun- “ dance in their Regions, and we again grant them fuch Hand of Mice whereof they are dcftitute. We there- a Greek Pilot; and when he faced took Princes, and all other, to a Number of Hoys, which traded among thp r. n „ r 7 V "o'm the ? arth ’ t0 P er ” !t ™° for Cbio ; which were attacked within Sight of the defired «■ Dominions r 1 ^ h { y °"l and Port b y three Turkijh Privateer.Long boats 5 but Captain Dominions ; for they (hall not touch any Thmg of yours Bodenbam obliged them with his °reat Guns to fheer off unwilling unto you. Confider you that they alfo are without their Prev * “ Mcn ; r U therefore tbe y ftal l ftand in need of any Thing, The Captain having come to an Anchor before the Mole ;::hipn-^s h :^^ “ yourfelves fo ttwards fe^ 011 “ ^wonHdepo^t his'Lading” Nm‘could yourlelvesio towards them, as you would that we and they prevail with him on any other Conditions than an ln- .. vams katanvdme fh™ “*‘7 S - demnification of 12000 Ducats ibr the sternky of his Ship, „ “THUS doing, y we promlfe b^te^of ^Tlfings ^ .“ *at are contained in Heaven, Earth, and the Sea and p!? c l- ■ S m ° for 20 Days « time they tlFcome h ‘ S ^ ^ ^ ^ ° f ^ ^ Merch ““ : LSrDo d mfl y % * ** the Favour and Benignity which yo'u haTe L^dTour a PmyToThe’ h'cTS Roter'tl L “f ^ l't ^tkhtn r Huma V nitv erir d d r y0UKingSand ^ ^ Bur ’ What with Threats,’ and thek ow'n natural “ on well*-beloved Servants””^ and , f aVOUr > t0 ' Conneflions, the Seamen were at length brought to Reafon, :: ***££$%$ H s srs “ Day of the Month, 5 and feventh Year oLour Rei/ ” 4th Gjllc y' naV(;s ot their Men: this being the Place of j.\ei 0 n. Rendezvous for the Fleet intended for the Siege of Malta, If this Expedition or Voyage did nor mlWr tr wll .- h t0 ? :th<:r amou nted to 250 Sail. •peftation; yet the Inflruftions are a * p y c r ,■ l r<>t ? 1 hence Ca P t31n Bodenbam took his Courfe for Can- ; 'he Sagacity and Penetration of Mr Cahat wh,? - h was wcli ,orti 6cd againft an Invafion ; it not ution of his Conduit therein c ba " S Certain co what Place the ’Armament was de¬ bate their Origin from this UndtrtaWnV ^‘- 1 ) f" CK the Aucb ‘ r ^ tiU thc F,£et '' ailed P aft for Charter was not oranted tfll the Vvi S ' F j 1 ' 0 o, he ! r the Mediterranean. Then taking in a Loading of Wine •and Mary, it i s herein particular^ ord!?neH “ tranfporting Sol- ; ad b - en . the ch «*ft diets, from fome Turkijb Galliots that had laid them on- • W.o’df;s“! d rcad mht of T “ k!ih md Egyptian, February, interpreted by them the Mgr.th to tS 4 A N E W N AVA L HISTORY: C'-.-k! a RWt and Title as themfelvcs to a free Trade at all out a ftrong Squadron likewife for the fame Parts, ‘- -c-s on The fame Co-ft, not in their aftual Poffeffion or the Command of Prince Rupert ; which the States no foontc Occupation ; yet, from this time forward, the Dutch Weft- had Notice of, but they altered their Language, and, f or trice Company always kept one or two Cruizers on the avoiding the Effufion of Chnftian Blood, as they pretended ! .id Coaft, w hofe chief Bufinefs was to watch all fuch Erg- propofed that the Fleets on either Side might be detained Shins as came to trade there, and to follow them from within the Harbours, and not fuffered to put to Sea; and Place to Place, and either to lie between them and the that feme Expedients might be found out by Treaty for S^ore, and intemept their Trade with the Natives, or to each other’s SatisfaBion: But, in the mean time that they frighten them off the Coafi, and ruin their Voyages, or were making this plaufible Offer, they fent fccret Orders t „ e-'-r* -o.l c -ny them to St- Gf'-gf dll Mira ; and this Co their Fleet in the Strcigbts, under the Command of ft r.o: only when fuch Ships were found trading on the Gold- Ruyter , to make all poffible Hafte to Guinea, to execute coad, and at Places near any of the faid Dutch Company’s all thole Inflruflions, which they had given to their Fleet Fens and Settlements, but alfo at Places lcvcral hundreds at home which Orders he executed fo rigoroudy, that lie c: Miles diitjr.t irom them. noE on ty retook the Fort near Cape dc Verd , and feized Kir« Charles II. foon after his Reftoration, being made and confilcated all the Englifb Ships that he could mm acquainted with the dangerous and precarious State and with, but alfo, by the Afiifiance of the Natives of one of Condition to which the Trade of his Subjects in thole Farts the adjacent Countries, who had been bribed by tlt L - Daub was reduced; and bavins likewife received many Com- General at del Mina for that Purpofe, he attacked and tool; plaints touching the Interruptions given to, and Depreda- tie Englifb Fort at Ccrmantim, and put a Dutch Garritai c.ons committed upon, the Shios of this Nation, by the into the lame. Dutch lift India Company on the Coaft of Africa , it be- Some time b: fore this the Parliament had made an En¬ case neceflary to cunfilkr not only of a proper Method for qulry into the Obftru&ions and Incroachments of the //;/- protecting and leaning the laid Trade for the future, but landers upon cur Trade, and into the Loftes which ou t - likewife how and in what manner Reparation might be ob- Merchants had luftained thereby 5 which they found to t-iined for lech Damages and Depredations. ° amount to the Value of 7 or 800,000 /• and thtreuj oa both For the firft, it being now evident that the Tingle and Houles came to this Refolution, April a 1, $ 664, That t h; frparate Endeavours of private Er.gllfo Merchants were by .Wrongs, Difoonours, and Indignities done to his Majeft- s fulficknt to contend with the united Power and by the Subjects of the United Provinces, by invading ^ ■India Company in thofe Fights in India, Africa, and elfowhcre; and the Damages 7- • -• - Affronts, and Injuries done..by them to our Merchants were the greateft Cbftru&ions of our foreign Trade j an d that the fame be humbly and fpeedily prefented to his Ma- jefty, and that he be mod humbly moved to take fome ipeedy ‘and efiectuai Courfe for Redrefs thereof, and all other of the like Nature, and for Prevention of the like laid. Dutch Parts of the World *, and the E-iglfo .... _ . , former Experience in the Eajhhdics, what little Strcfs was to be laid on any Treaty that might be concluded between the two Nations in Europe, for the Security of fuch a ai- ftunt Branch of our Trade : The only Choice which his Majtfty had left for maintaining and defending the Right ot his Subjects to a free and unmolefted Trade in Africa, againft the Pretenfions and Incroachments of luch a Rival, was to incorporate and unite fuch of his own Subjects, Oppofitions whatfoever. as mould be willing to engage in the laid Trade, into one 1 nis Refolution being prefented to his Majefty the 27th Body, and to give and grant unto them luch Powers, Pri- of April 1664, lie was thereupon pleafed to renew his In- vileges, and Encouragements, as the Circumftances of the ftances with the States for the Satisfaction fo long demanded, by Letters Patents under the Great-foal of England, bearing dience of the 2.5th of June following, he told the Dunk Date the 10th Dav of January 166-2 and the laid united Amfcafiador, That it was not to be fulfered that the Dutch Body of Englifb Merchants was called The Company of Royal V/eft India Company, only by the means of a few Ford, Adventurers cf England trading into Africa. " • and three or four Ships, fhouid pretend to render the Coils As to the lecond, his Majefty was pleafed to caufe a of /#r/« : inacceiuble to all others, by blocking up the Ha* particular Account of the Damages complained of to be vens againft their Commerce, and keeping them off, and drawn up, and tranfmirad to his Envoy at the Hague , driving them from every Place. But the States turned a with Orders to demand and infill upon full Reparation for deaf Ear to all thefe Rcmonftrances: The Loftes of our the fame. And, for the better prote&ing of the new Com- Merchants amounted to too. great a.Sum to be eaBIy rc* pany, it was likewife judged neceffary to fit out a Man of .imburfed ; and .the Advantages of the Trade to Jjm, War to the Coaft of Africa, under the Command of Capt. could they have wholly engrafted and fecured the fame to Holmes. But neither the one nor the ether of thefe Steps themfelvcs, were too great and important to be willing!)' had the defired Fticcfc; For in Holland the States ftarted fo parted with., And therefore, inftead of Ihewing any In* many Difficulties, and made fuch Delays, that no Satis- clinarion to give the requifite Satisfaction on either of thole faction could be obtained for any paft Injuries. And as to Heads, they chofe to renew their Attacks' upon the Erfip Affairs in Africa, as loon as they had Advice that Capt. in Africa with, more Refolution.than ever, under the Con- Hdmcs had by Aftault taken, and poftefted himfelf of a duift of their'Admiral De Riiyter, as afofefaid. And on Fort near Cape d: Verde , belonging to their IVefi-India the other hand, the King having tried all other Methods Company, they made all imaginable Preparations to fit out in vain, found himfelf obliged, upon the 'firft. Notice of a Squadron for the Coaft of Africa, to retake the faid Fort De Ruyter 3 s Proceedings in Africa , to comply with the by Force of Arms; notwithftanding his Majefty affured Defites of his Parliament, and with the Voice of Ills PcO; them, that he had given no CommiGion or Order to Capt. pie » and accordingly, on the 2 2d Day of February i 65 f, Hclr.es for that Purpofe, nor did know upon what Grounds his Majefty declared War in Form againft the States-g:r,{r: f he had proceeded to that Ad ofHaftility; that he ex- of the United Provinces. " ‘ . peered him ihonly at home, and that he would then pro- Nothing is- more.evident, than that.the chiefYiejfw cecd in a very ffrict Examination of his Proceedings, and the Dutch at this time, and for fome Years before, M? would caufe exemplary Juftice to be done, as well in re- been to exclude the Englifb entirely from the Trade to delivering the Fort, as in pumfliing the Pcrfon, if his Car- Africa, and to engrofs the Tame wholly .fo themfelvK. •riage and Demeanor deferred it. Which Iiaving no better And it is equally apparent, that the Value which they then •Succels than the former Mefiages, in relation to Reparation, fee upon this Trade was fuch, that, rather'than confine For about twenty Ships taken Irom his Subjects on the Coaft that the Englifb ftiould enjoy a Share thereof' peaceably aw .of Oumea ; ana ray Dutch Ambaffador teiiing his Majefty quietly, they made it their Choice to ftand all the Haw™?, in plain Terms, That they had given Inftructions to the and to bear all the.Inconveniencies of a War with Enw r *' Aamir.il ot their-Fieet, that was then going for Guinea, But, however, it fo fell out," that the Event didyiot aniwci to t^kc their Fort near Cap: Verde by Force, and to take their Expectations: For, in fpite of all the Efforts of the any Englifb which had had a Hand in doing them Injury: Dutch, the EngHfo Company kept their footing m 1 i himfelf under a Ncccffity of fitting and, by the third Article of the Treaty of Peace concfacG In this Situation Affairs continued 7 ; and the Companies of each Na- 1 Places on the open Coaft (not in any of the others) frome Cafe Blanco Or Complete View of the British Marine. rcter came for me into the outer Chamber, where “ veral Crowns upon his Head in one D icre fat the Duke himfclf with his 1 a fair Company.' They fat round at 1 high, yet fo that he himfclf fat m i a Staff of Cryftal and Gold ii is other Hand half leaning o :ellor flood up with the Seen Vfter my Duty done, and my L ten-waiters Meat with his own Hand, and •rink. His Intent thereby is, as I have very Man fhall know perfeftly his Ser- when Dinner is done, he calleth his No¬ rn Name by Name, that it is wonder to tuld name them, having fo many as he hath, inner was done I departed to my Lodging, Hour within Night.” , and my Letter Tho’ England had no C juired oi me the Empire, it was evident fi I anfwered that that the Mufamites were ' was now in the fame. Cot . The Chancellor pre- and Court, that they were well acquainted with the Treafurcs and Merchandife of China and Perjia. For during the Stay of Captain Chancellor at Mofcow , the Flemings,\vho had forfeited their Privileges which they enjoyed in ancient 1 imes, by their deceitful Traffic, and were now foliating their Reftoration to his Majelly’s Favour, without Succefs, endeavoured to prevent theSettltrnent of the Englijb Traders me into the Hall, which was fmall, and not great ; the King’s Majefty’s of England ; and the Table w; vered with a Table-cloth, and the Marfhal fat at tl: nd of the Table with a little white Rod in his Hant rich Board was full of Vefl'cls of Gold ; and on th Her Sale ol tne Hall did Hand a fair Cupboard of Plati om thence I came into the Dining-chamber, where tl; ake himfelf fat at his Table without Cloth of Elian a Gown of Silver, with a Crown imperial upon In ead •, he fat in a Chair fomewhat high ; there k me near him by a great way. There were long Tabic i round about the Chamber, which were, full fet wit ch as the Duke had at Dinner ; they were all in whiti lib the Places where the Tables Hood were higher b o Steps chan the reft of the Houfe. In the mid the Chamber flood a Table or Cupboard to fet Plal i, which Hood full of Cups of Gold ; and among Nature of Brutes, - and very jealous of Strangers. But their Sovereign paid more Regard to the King of' England's Letter J , than to the Flemifb Calumny ; and difmiffed the Navigators with Alfurances of Fritndfhip, and Permilfion to trade with his People : as more exprelsly appears by the following Letter, which the faid King, who fliled himfelf Duke of Mufccvy and Emperor of llujfia , lent by Captain Chancellor , to King Edward VI. “ The Almighty Power of God, and the incompre- Emperor of all Rufia, great Duke of o, and Ncvogrod, King of Kazan , King rd of Plejko , and Great Duke of Smo- ia, Jotighoria, Pertain, Vadjka, Bulgbo- Lord and Great Duke of Novogrod in y, of Chcrnigo, Rezan, Polotjkoy, Roftoue, i lozera. Lief and, Oudoria, Ohdoria, and A N E W i they i IpO ct VefTcis, v;h?n and “ with good Afiurarv___ .. And if you fend one of your Alajcfty’s Counfe ts with us whereby your Country Merchants may NAVAL HISTORY: pillage, “ Merchandil'es in all your Lordfhip may freely , • ' '■ “ L > bcrt )' v avc * ouc and in without Hindwana,^ c any Lett, Damage, or Impediment, according our Letter, our Word, and our Seal, which we immar.ded to be under lealed. Written in our ion, in our City and our Palace in the Caftle of in the Year 7060, the fecond Month of Fe- Afiiiiani written in the Mitfccntian Tongue, in Letters much like to the Greek Letters, very fair written in Paper, with a Broad-feal hanging, at the fame, fealed in Paper upon Wav. This Seal was much like the Broad-feal of England, having on the one Side the Image of a Man on Horfe-back in complete Harnefs fighting with a Dragon. Under this Letter was another Paper written in the Dutch Tongue, which was the Interpretation of the other written in the MifitrAau Letters. Thefe Letters were fenr the next Year after the Date of King Edward's Letters, 1554 1 . _ The Succtfs of this Voyage was the Eftablifhmtnt of the Rdfa Company, which was incorporated in the 2d Year of Philip and Mary, and confirmed by an Ac! of Parliament in the Sth of Queen Elizabeth. The Subfcri- bers to this Expedition were the firfl Members of this Company, and the Trade and Navigation was completely fettled by Captain Chancellor, in fevcral fucceeding Voyages. His next Voyage took Place in the Year 1555, when he carried an Anfwer from King Philip and Queen Mary to the Letter wrote by Juan Vafi&saicb, Emperor of Rujfia, to King Edzoard VI. deceafed, in this Form : “ Philip and Mary by the Grace of God, King and “ Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerufalem, and Ire- “ land. Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spline and “ Sicilie, Archdukes of Aujlricb, Dukes of Burgundie, Mil- “ k/cr, and Braianl, Counties of Hafpurge, Flanders, and “ stroll ; to the right high, right mighty, and right cx- 11 cellent Prince, garnnhed with all Gilts of Nature, by “ God’s Grace John Fafilraskb Emperor of all Rutile, ” Great Duke of Volcdemer, dsiafeo, and Nerasgrcd, King “ of Cazan, King of Ajlracan, Lord of Plefco, and Great “ ^ke of Smolenfie, of Tueria, Joughoria, Permia, Vadfia, Eulgoona, and others. Lord and Great Duke of 1\osa- - gren or me Low-country, of Cbernigo, Rezan, Pokt- “ fiv, Refuse, Terajiarse, Bealozera, Uefiani, Ouioria, “ Oidoria^ ana Condenfa, Commander of all Siberia, and ”* wie '.suim ran,, and Lord of many other Countries, “ Grc f dr S- Whcreas b 7 Confent and Licence of our - “ aiofl: dear and entirely beloved late Brother, King Ed- ward .P urfu ward \ l, whofc Soul God pardon, fundry of our Sub¬ jects Merchants of the City of London, within this our Realm of England* did at their own proper Cofts and Adventure fumifli three Ships to difeover, fearch, and find Lands, 1 (lands. Regions, and Territories before this Adventure not known, ns commonly haunted and fre- * one of which three Ships, named re (whereof our right well-beloved ; then Governor and great Captain) of God, and the good Conduct ’ ' in the North Merchandi out and in without' Hindm^ : And of your farther ample (A that our^Ambailadors, if We f ..j tout any Hinderance or Lofs, P with fuch 1 come unto you, and to return the fame m 0 “ , written in your lordly Palace and CaftkoUlK lie Year 7060, the Month of February, moreath?” carcth. Like as we cannot but much commtS ir princely Favour and Goodnefs, and in like mmc . ik you for the aboundant Grace, extended to it Richard Chancellor, and others our Suhjefls M„' nts: Even fo thefe are to pray and requeft yon B tinue the fame Benevolence toward them, and other Merchants and Subjects, which do or hereafttr lhd| Merchandifc with your Subjects an ' Merchant} our Contemplation to affign and authorife i'uch Com. our well-beloved Subjefls and Merchants, the faid ft chard Chancellor, George Killingwertb, and Richard Gree Bearers cf thefe our Letters, who are by us authoriftd ior that Purpofe 5 and to confirm and grant fuch oths T . p r ; v j|,,g es llnt0 t h e Governor, Conftili, 1 Commonalty of the Fellowlhip of fe iaiu ivieitnauis, a; the faid Bearers in their Name pro. pone and require by you to be granted for their fd: Conduft, good Government, and Order to be erected and continued among them in your faid Dominions; and this with fuch your Clemency and Expedition, a v.-e, upon the next Arrival of the faid Richard Cbm- be informed of your gracious Dilpolitiond Which your Benevolences fo to be extended, I ded to requite towards any your Subjects Me- chans, that Ihall frequent this our Realm at your Ck- " templation therefore to be made. Thus right high, righ excellent, and right mighty, Almighty God the Fatter, the Son, and the Holy Ghoft, have you in his bldli Keeping. Given under our Seal at our Palace of ll'ip minjler, the ill of April, in the Year from the bltliid Incarnation of our Saviour Jefus Chrift 1555, and inti: firfl and fecond Years of our Reigns.” In this Letter was inclofed the Charter of Incorporate the Merchant-adventurers in thole Parts. And the Em- ror Vafili-askh having received it in the fame Pomp, a Capt. Chancellor ; he alii), his firfl: Audi o . .units h's Parc > confirmed the fame by granting the following of our Privileges to the Engljh Merchants - n —' J - L -— at Ihould thence-for- k Ed-ard Bcnasent 'Scbard Chancellor w; hanced by the Grac f the faid Cbancelt Empire of Rujp.a: Forafmuc t.eu.Lcy .mormed by the Report of our trufty and well- Ceioved Subject, that your Majefty did not only call h:m and certain of his Company to your imperial Pre¬ tence anil Speech, entertained and banquetted them with a.l Humanity and Gentlenefs; but alfo being thereunto requefled partly by the Letters of our faid Brother, and partly Dy Kequelt of the faid Richard Chancellor, have by your Letters Parents under your Seal among other tn:ngs granted, that all fuch Merchants as Ihall come forch o: any of our Realms of England or Ireland with all manner of \\ arcs, if they will travel or occupy within your Dominions; the fame Merchants with .their The firfl Privileges granted by the Emperor of Ruflfia lilll Englifli Merchants in the Tear 1555. “ John Vafilitsoieb, by the Grace of God Emperor of “ Rujfia, Great Duke of Novogrcde, Mofcovia, &c. to til “ People that Ihall fee, read, hear or underhand the!' “ Prefents, Greeting. Forafmuch as God hath planted all “ Realms and Dominions in the whole World with finer/ “ Commodities, fo as the one hath need of the Amity “ and Commodities of the other, and by means thereof cc Traffic is ufed from one to another, and Amity thereby “ increafed ; and for that as amongft Men nothing is mere “ to be defired than Amity, without the which no to “ ture being of a natural good Difppfition can live ® “ Quietnefs, fo that it is as troublefome to be utterly “ wanting, as it is perceived to be grievous to the Body “ to lack Air, Fire, or-any other Neceffaries mod rtqtn- “ ftte for the Confervation and Maintenance thereol» “ Health; confidering alfo how needful Merchant!® “ which furnilheth Men of all that which is convenient “ f° r tbeir Living and Nurture, for their Clothing, Trim- “ ming, the fatisfying of their Delights, and all 1 °““ “ things convenient and profitable for them; and tost “ Merchandife bringeth the fame Commodities from^r.en Or, Complete View of the British ivl Quarters in fo great Abundance as by means thereof « l' n rr is lacking in any parr, and that all things be m ! "f" place (where Intcrcourfe of Merchandifes is re- “ la an d imbraced) generally in Rich lbrt, as Amity „ riifrcbv is entred into, and planted to continue, and the „ jnioiners thereof be as Men living m a golden World : „ ijpon thcfe Relpetts, and other weighty and good Con- ,= (-.derations, us hereunto moving and chiefly upon the a Contemplation of the gracious Letters, directed train „ .t, rivht high, right excellent, and right mighty Queen by the Grace of God Queen of England , France , „ jn .be Favour of her Subjects, Merchants, the Go- veriior, Confuls, Afiiftants, and Commonalty of Mer- tl chants-adventurers for Difcovery of Lands, &c. “ Know yc therefore, that we of our Grace fpecial, “ mere Motion, and certain Knowledge, have given and (( arante d, and by thefe Prefents for us, our Heirs and <= Succeffors, do give and grant as much as in us is and o jicth, unto Sebajlian Caboia Governor, Sir George Barnes, 4. j; nti &c. Confuls, Sir John Grejbaw, &c. Afiiftants, u and to the Commonalty of the aforenamed Fellowfhip, « 2nd to their Succeflurs for ever, and to the Succeffors « of every of them, thefe Articles, Grants, Immunities, Franchiles, Liberties and Privileges, and every of them “ hereafter following, exprelfcd and declared, videlicet, • « j, Firft, we for us, our Heirs and Succeffors, do by “ thefe Prefents give and grant free Licence, Faculty, Au- “ thority and Power, unto the faid Governor, Confuls, « Aflilhnts, and Commonalty of the faid Fellowfhip, and «ro their Succeffors for ever, that all and fingular the “ Merchants of the fame Company, their Agents, Factors, “ Doers of their Bufinefs, Attorneys, Servants, and Mi- “ nifters, and every of them, may at all Times hereafter “ for evermore furely, freely and fafely, with their Ships, « Merchandifes, Goods, and Things whatfoever, fail, come « and enter, into all and fingular our Lands, Countries, “ Dominions, Cities, Towns, Villages, Cattles, Ports, Ju- “ rifdiftions and Diftrifts, by Sea, Land, or Frefh-waters, ” and there tarry, abide and fojourn, and buy, fell, barter, “ and change all Kind of Merchandifes, with all Manner of “ Merchants and .People, of whatfoever Nation, Rite, “ Condition, State, or Degrees they be, and with the “ fame or other Ships, Wares, Merchandifes, Goods and “ Things, whatfoever they be, unto other Empires, King- “ doms, Dukedoms, Parts, and to any other Place or u Places at their Pleafure and Liberty, by Sea, Land, or “ Frefh-waters, may depart, and exercife all Kind of Mer- “ chandifes in our Empire and Dominions, and every Part “ thereof, freely and quietly, without any Reftraint, Im- “ peachmenr, Price, Exaction, Preft, Streight-cuflom, Toll, “ Impofition, or Subfidy % to be demanded, taxed, or paid, “ or at any Time hereafter to be demanded, taxed, fer, “ levied, or inferred upon them or any of them, or upon “ their Goods, Ships, Wares, Merchandifes, and Things “ of, for, or upon any Part or Parcel thereof, or upon the “ Goods, Ships, Wares, Merchandifes, and Things of any “ of diem, fo that they fhall not need any other Safe-con- “ du& or Licence-general, ne fpecial of us, our Heirs or “ Succeffors, neither fhall be bound to afic any Safe-conduct “ or Licence in any of the aforefaid Places fubjeft unto us. ** 2. Item, we give and grant to the faid Merchants this “ Power and Liberty, that they, ne any of them, ne their “ Goods, Wares, Merchandifes or Things, ne any Part “ thereof, fhall be by any means within our Dominions, ** ^nds, Countries, Caftles, Towns, Villages, or other “ Place or Places of our Jurifdiction, at any Time hcre- u n r atcac ' ne ^> foied, arretted, ne difturbed, for any ‘ Debt, Duty, or other Thing, for the which they be not principal Debtors or Sureties; ne alfo for any Offence ii °, ri;l P als committed, or that (hull be committed, but only for fuch as they or any of them (hall aftually com- nut, and the fame Offences (if any fuch happen) (hall be ' by us only heard and determined. and atinut < tradition, our Heirs commended unto us, our Heirs or Succeffors, by the Governor, Confuls and Affiftanrs of the faid Fellow-- Ihip, refldenc within the City of Louden , within the Realm of England , to be their chief Factor within this our Empire and Dominions, may and fhall have full Power and Authority to govern and rule all Englijhmen that have had, or (hall have Accefs, or repair in or to this faid Empire or Jurifdiclions, or any Fart thereof; and fhall and may minilfer unto them, and every one of them, good Julhce in all their Caufes, Plaints, Quar¬ rels, and Dilorders between them moved, and to be moved ; and affcmble, deliberate, confult, conclude, de¬ fine, determine and make fuch Acts and Ordinances, as he fo commended with his Afllftants (hall think good and meet for the good Order, Government, and Rule of the Paid Merchants, and all other Englijbmen repairing to this our faid Empire and Dominions, or any Part there¬ of ; and to fet and levy upon all, and every Englijhman, Offender or Offenders, of fuch their Acts and Ordi¬ nances made, and tu be made. Penalties and Mulfts, by Fine or Imprifonment. 11 5. Item, if it happen that any of the faid Merchants, or other Englifmnan , as one or more, do rebel againft fuch chief Faftor or Factors, or his or their Deputies, and will not difpofe him or themfclves to obey them and every of them as (hall appertain, if the faid Rebels or Difobedients do come, and be found in our faid Empire or Jurifdiiftions, or any Part and Place thereof, then we promife and grant, that all and every our Officers, Mi- niffers, and Subjects fiiall effectually aid and affilt the chief Faftor or Faflors, and their Deputies, and for their Power (hall really work, to bring fuch Rebel or difobedienc Rebels, or Difobedients, to due Obedience : And to that Intent (hall lend unto the fame Faflor or Factors, or their Deputies, upon Requelt therefore to be made, Prifons, and Initruments or Punilhments, from Time to Time. “ 6. Item, we promife unto the faid Merchants, and their Succeffors, upon their Requeft, to exhibit and do unto them good, exaft, and favourable Juftice, with Expedition, in all their Caufes; and that when they or any of them (hall have Accel's, or come to or before any ot our Jufticcs, for any their Plaints moved, and to be moved, between any our Subjects or other Stranger, and them or any of them, that then they (hall be firft and forthwith heard, as foon as the Party which they (hall find before our Jufticcs fhall be depeached ; which Party being heard forthwith, and as foon as may be, the faid Enghjh Merchants fhall be rid and difpatched: And if any Adlion fiiall be moved by or againft any of the faid Merchants, being abfent out of our faid Empire and Dominions, then fuch Merchants may fubftitute an At¬ torney, in all and fingular his Caufes, to be followed as need (hall require, and as (hall feem to him expedient. “ 7. Item, we grant and promife to the faid Merchants, and to their Succeffors, that if the fame Merchants or any of them (hall be wounded, or (which God forbid) (lain in any Part or Place of our Empire or Dominions, then good Information thereof given, we, and our Ju- ftices and other Officers, (hall execute due Correcftion. and Punilhmcnt without Delay, according to the Exi¬ gence of the Cafe ; fo that it fhall be an Example to all other not to commit the like. And if it fhall chance “ fil li lK . m ’ We S * VC and ? rant ’ t,lat t * le l " aicl Merchants “ the Faftors, Servants, or Minifters of the faid Merchants, flwll and may have free Liberty, Power, and Authority, tn name, chufe, and aflign Brokers, Shippers, Packers, Weighers, Meafurers, Waggoners, and all other meet and neceffary Labourers, for to ferve them in their Feat “1 merchandifes, and minifter and give unto them and ir offend, whereby they or :£ any of them fhall incur the Danger of Death or Punilh- ;t meht, the Goods, Wares, Merchandifes, and Things of :c their Mailers, fiiall not therefore be forfeited, confilcated, » fpoiled, ne feifed, by any Means by us, our Heire or Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 195 their Colds, burnt the Town of Treport, and feme other Villages; and, the trench Army advancing, offered-them .Bank, which they declined ; and he thereupon re.mbarked L Troops, havinsr, in this Expedition, loll only a Angle and done infinite Mifchief to the Enemy *. The r me’Year he was, together with Dr. Culbbert Tonfiall, Bi- ’- Zl of Durham, and Dr. Nicholas Wottan, Dean of Can- \,J»ry and Dork, appointed a Commiffioner to take the ; o a th of Francis the Wench King, for obferving the Treaty '’ofPeace fign edjune the 7th, 1546^-, which he performed \vith areat Solemnity. On the 16th of ORober following - he Wes’, together with many other Perfons of Rank, named a Commiffion for fettling the Accompts of the Army. , W as one of the laft Services he performed in the Reign . 0 f that great Prince, to whom he owed all his Honours - ant j Fortune ; receiving from him, towards the Clofe of : bis lfcign, very large Grants of Church-lands, which deli- 1 vered him from the Inconveniences that mull otherwife have ■' cn f U ed from his unbounded Generofity; which Grants, how- '■ ever, created him many Enemies =. The King’s Health -.daily declining, his Majefty made the belt Provifion he could for the Safety and Quiet of his Son’s Reign ; in order ■ to which hecaufed his laft Will and Teftament to be framed, ;with much Deliberation, by the ableft and wifeft of his ; Counfdlors, which he fealtd and fubferibed December the ,oth, 15+6 1 ; and therein, as the laft Mark of his Affec¬ tion and Truft, he named Sir John Dudley, Lord Vifcount one of his fixteen Executors, and gave him alfo a Tr Legacy of 500 1. which was the higheft that, he bellowed p i upon any of them ". By this Will they were conllituted ; fftivy-counfellors, and had the Government put into their "'.Hands, which gave them a legal Authority, fince this Will '■ .eras founded upon an Aft of Parliament'. On the laft Day j:of the Month of January fucceeding. King Henry VIII. [died, and his Son Edward VI. fucceeded him, to the ge- /neral Joy and Satisfaftion of the Nation =. It was not long : before great Alterations were made in the Difpofitions by : the late King’s Will. The Earl of Hertford, who was the .'King’s Uncle, got himfelf declared Proteftor, that the . State might have fome vifible Head. And amongft the ufirlt of the Proteftor’s Projefts one was, to get his Brother, J Sir Thomas Seymour, made High-admiral, in whofe Favour 1;the Lord Vifcount Lifle refigned, not willingly 1 ’ to be fure, . 'but upon the bell Terms he could make. Accordingly, -j February the 17th, 1547, the very fame Day that the new I Lord Admiral’s Patent paffed, he was created Earl of IVar- ■ wick, and made Great-chamberlain of England ; neither "was it long before he had great Grants from the Crown, i particularly Warwick Cattle and Manor *. The Duke of -•Sacerfit, Lord-proteftor, finding himfelf under a Neceffity ,of matching an Army into Scotland, tefolved to command ■ it in Perfon, and took the Earl of Warwick with him, in : Quality of his Lieutenant-general k ; in this Expedition he added to that great Reputation which he had already ac¬ quired, as even his Enemies themfelves confefs, being the chief Author of that Viftory which was then obtained, and would alfo have puftied the War to a glorious Conclufion, II lie had been intrufted with the foie Command ; as it was, hisConduft was univerfally commended, and all the Blame tell elfewhere ‘. He was next employed by the Duke of : Somerfei, Lord-proteftor, in conjunftion with many other honourable Perions, to compromife Matters with AveFrencb, who, after the Death of King Henry, were very defirous of getting Boulogne again into their Hands ” ; which it was of great Confequcnce to the Proteftor to prevent, and yet to P°,® bk ’ L en B a Si"g in a Wat. Both which Ends e ettected for the prefent; to which the Induftry and Authority of the Earl of Warwick did not a little contri- ute». An Army of 6000 Foot, and 1500 Horfe, were fent Kfi v C ? mmand of 7oba Earl of Warwick, againft the "•eoclAtf j whofe known military Abilities rendered him fitteft for this Service. He preferved Norwich with fome Diffi¬ culty, and afterwards fought with the Rebels, who both, in drawing up their Men, and in the Courfe of the Attion, be¬ haved much better than could have been expefted from l’uch raw Soldiers •. The Earl, however, deteated them, and kill¬ ed about looo Men, other Writers fay many more. This greatly difeouraged, but did not dillipate them ; on the contrary, they collected all their fcattered Parties, and of¬ fered him Battle a fecond time. The Earl marched dire&ly towards them, but, when he was on the very Point of en¬ gaging, he lent them a Mellage, “ That he was lorry to “ fee lo much Courage exprefied in lb bad a Caufe; but “ that, notwithftanding what was palled, they might de- “ pend upon the King’s Pardon, on delivering up of their “ Leaders:” To which they anfwered, “ That he was a “ Nobleman of fo much Worth and Generofity, that, if “ they might have this Afiurance from his own Mouth, “ they were willing to fubmitV’ The Earl accordingly went amongft them: upon which they threw down their Arms, delivered up Robert Ket , and his Brother IVilliam , and tlie reft of their Chiefs, who were hanged ; upon hear¬ ing which the Yorkfttire Rebels diiperfed, and fo all was quiet again This Rebellion being fupprefled in the Sum¬ mer, the Lords of the King’s Council, amongft whom was the Earl of Warwick, began in the Autumn to confer amongft themfelves, as to the Caufes of that vfiftrefied and difeonuented State into which the Nation was reduced. The Protector upon this lent Secretary Petre to know the mean¬ ing of their Meetings, whom they kept with them and, October the 8th, 1549, they went into the City, where, having acquainted the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common- council, that they had no other Views than for the Safety of the King’s Perfon, the Redrels of Grievances, and the reftoring the Peace of the Kingdom, the City thankfully concurred with them ; upon which the Protector, who had removed the King from Hampton-ccurt to IVindfor , fub- mitted himfelf, and was fent Prisoner to the ‘Power on the twenty-eighth of the fame Month r . The Earl of War¬ wick was again made Lord High-admiral, by the King’s ' Letters Patents, with very extenfive Powers •. He flood, at this time, fo high in the King’s Favour, and had fet¬ tled fo firm a Friendlhip with the reft of the Lords of the Council, that nothing was done but by his Advice or Confent-, to which, therefore, we muft attribute the Re¬ ftoring him to fome Share of Power and Favour at Court. The King was much pleafed with this, and, being defirous that the Friendlhip of thefe two great Men ffiould not be barely in Appearance, a Marriage was propofed between the eldeft Son of the Earl of Warwick and the Lady Anne Seymour, Daughter to the Duke of Somcrfet ; which, at length, was brought to bear, and, on the third of June, 1550* w as folemnized in the King’s Prefence, who ex- preffed great Satisfaftion thereatThe King’s Favour to him ftillcontinued, or rather increafed, lb that upon his furrendering the Office of Lord High-chamberlain of Eng¬ land, which was bellowed upon the Marquis of Northamp¬ ton , the King was pleafed to make him Lord*fte\vard of his Houlhold u . In the Month of April, 1551, he was conllituted Earl-marlhal of England v ; a fhorc time after¬ wards he was made Lord-warden of the northern Marches *} and, on the nth of Oftobcr the fame Year, he was ad¬ vanced to the Dignity of Duke of Northumberland r . About Cbrijlmas lie was elected Chancellor of Cambridge z , in the Room of the Duke of Somerfet ; but at what Time he became High-fteward, which Dr. Heylyn allures us he was *, and that thefe two Officers have never been in one Perfon before or fince, is very uncertain. This great Po¬ litician had now raifed himfelf as high as it was poflible, in Point of Dignity and of I 5 ower ; the Afcendancy he had gained over the young King was fo great, that he directed p s An " ds - P- S 95 - 1 See Patum's Wion, inienea com m Hayward ana Hon Chionicle, VofTt. .*>** , c„...I "fe? I 1 ** “ d "7 diil “ Chronicle, ) Rymcr's Fccdera, to indent, tom. XV. p.^8.^ ^ ‘ Tanner's Notitia, p. 4 s ^ f ^Scc Lord ’H«Ws EMory of Hent7V.ni. md ; in Hayward and Hollinfboi m Rymcr’s Fcedcra, to . » a . u ,ig and very dillindt Relation of this Expedition in Speed. 9 Stowe’s Annals, p. ^97. 1 Burnet's Hiilory of the Reformation, Vol. II, . ‘ Taken from King Edward’s Journal. “ Pat 4 Edward VI. p 2. , s Edward VI. p. 7. - • y Pat. 5 Edward VI. p. 4. * Hittory of Cambridge, Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 97 kni hither by ,hl %f‘ m s * er 1SanU 1 l mi 1 obey it, laid the Duke, / befeeeb you, my ndof Arundel, «/' Mercy l™°rds me, knowing the Cafe ■ ft is. My Lord, anfwered the Earl, you fhouid have ■- Lbtfor Mercy footer, I mujl do according to my Command- It And thereupon committed the Charge of him, and : Hr others to the Guard, and Gentlemen that (food by ’. : tv oath of Juh, the Duke, with the reft, were brought ■J 0 the Tower of Loudon, under the Conduft of Henry Earl ; f j riw del, with a Body of Light-horfemen b . On Friday i8th of Augvji he was arraigned, a great Scaffold being ; fa up in iVejiminJter-ball, with John Earl of Warwick, his Son and Heir, and William Parr Marquis of Northampton, : y- ore Duke of Norfolk, High-fteward of England on that Occafion. As to his Behaviour at his Trial, it was equally model!: and decent'. The Indidlment having ; been read, containing a Charge againft him of High-treafon; ■ the Duke of Northumberland, with great Reverence to- j wards the Judges, protefted his Faith and Allegiance to the ■ Queen, whom he confefled grievoully to have offended, j U3 Paid he meant not to fpeak any thing in defence of his :: A a s , but requefted to underftand the Opinion of the Court 1 in tivo Points': : Fitlf, Whether a Man doing any Aft by the Authority 0 f t he Prince’s Council, and by Warrant of the Great-feal d of Inland, and doing nothing without the fame, might '■ be charged with Treafon for any thing he might do by : Warrant thereof ? 5 Secondly, Whether any fuch Perfons as were equally d culpable in that Crime, and thofe by whofe Letters and ? Commandments he was direfted in all his Doings, might ’be his Judges, or pafs upon his Trial as his Peers? ; To which it was anfwered : “ That the Great-feal which } “ he had for his Warraht, was not the Seal of the lawful ? “ Queen of the Realm, nor paffed by Authority, but the 11 Seal of an Ufurper, and therefore could be no Warrant ! “ to him. And that if any were as deeply to be touched • “ in the Cafe as himfelf, yet fo long as no Attainder was ; “ of Record againft them, they were Perfons able in Law . “ to pafs on any Trial, and not to be challenged but at ; “ the Prince’s Pleafure.” After which Anfwer the Duke lifed few Words, but confefled the Indiftment; lay whofe Example the other Prifoners arraigned with him did the like, and thereupon had Judgment. The Duke, on re¬ ceiving his Sentence, faid: “ I befeech you, my Lords, all “ to be humble Suitors to the Queen’s Majefty, and to “ S rant me for Requefts : Firjt, That 1 may have that “ Death which Noblemen have had in times paft, and not “ the other. Secondly, That her Majefty will be gracious “ to my Children, which may hereafter do good Service, “ confidering that they went by my Commandment, who “ am their Father, and not of their own free Wills. “ Thirdly, That 1 may have appointed to me ibme learned “ Men for the Inftrucftion and Quiet of my Conl'cience. “ And, fourthly. That Ihe will fend two of the Council “ to commune with me, to whom 1 will declare Inch “ Matters as (hall be expedient for her and the Common- “ wealth. And thus 1 befeech you all to pray for me.” , After his Condemnation he was carried back to tile Tower, where he remained a ciofe Prifoner. Monday, the 2 ift of Augujt, was the Day fixed for his Execution/when a vaft Concourfe of People aflembled upon Tower hill, all the ufual Preparations being made, and the Executioner ready; but, after waiting fome Hours, the People were ordered to depart. This Delay was to afford time for his making an open Shew of the Change of his Religion, for on that very Day, in the Prefence of the Mayor and Aider- men, as well as fome of the Privy-council, he heard Mafs in the Tower c . The next Day he was actually brought out to fuffer Death, on the fame Scaffold, on Tower-hill, where he made a very long Speech to the People; of which there remains nothing but what relates to his Religion, which he not only profefled to be then that of the Church of Rome, but that it had been always fo; taking upon himfelf thq odious Character of a Hypocrite in the Sight of God, as well as a Diffembler with Men'. John Fox affirms, that he had a Promife of Pardon even if his Head was upon the Block, if he would recant and hear Mafs 1 ; and fome have believed that he entertained iuch a Hope to the laft. becoming Courage and Compol'ure, putting off his Da- malk-gown when he had done fpeaking, and then kneeled down, faying, to them that were about him, I befeech ycu all to bear me witnefs that I die in the true Catholic Faith, and then faid the Pfalms of Miferere, and De profmtdis, his Pajler nojier, and fix of the firft V'erfes of the Pl'alm, In te Demine jperavi, ending with'this Verfe, Into thy Hands, 0 Lord, I commend my Spirit. And when he had thus ended his Prayers, the Executioner alked him Forgive- nefs : to whom he faid, I forgive thee with all my Heart, do thy part without fear. And bowing towards the Block, he faid, I have deferved a thoufdni Deaths •, then laid his Head on the Block, and was beheaded ; whofe Body, with the Head,was buried in the Tower near the Body of Edward Duke of Somcrfet: fo that there lie between the High-altar in St. Peter’s Church, two Dukes between two Queens, viz. Queen Anne and Queen Catherine, ail four beheaded k . Such was the End of this potentNobleman, (who, with the Title of a Duke, exercifed, for fome time, a Power little inferior to that of a King) in the 51 ft, or at moft in the 52 d Year of his Age. CHAP. IV. Ihe Naval Affairs, and State of the National Trade and Commerce, including the Discoveries, and Memoirs of the mojl eminent Sea-officers and Navigators, during the Reign of King Philip and Queen Mary. T H E Death of King Edward made way for the Exe¬ cution of the Duke of Northumberland’s grand Scheme ot Securing the Throne to Lady Jane Grey, who a little “tore had been married to Lord Guildford Dudley, his brace s cldcft Son ; according to a Plan contrived with great Artifice during the late King’s Sicknefs 1 . She was accordingly proclaimed * Queen of England, purfuant to the Will of King Edward -, tho’ not till the Duke had gained . a conflderable Interefl: in the Corporation and principal razens of London, whom he, in Confidence, made privy 0 the King’s Death fome Days before it was divulged. Araongft thefe Confidants were fix Merchants of the Staple, and fix Merchants-adyenturers. Such was the Efteem in Which Trade was then held. The Duke’s next Precaution was to block up the Port of Yarmouth with fix Men of War, to prevent the Efcape of Princefs Mary, the eldeft: Daughter of King Henry VIII. who was the next Claimant of the Crown by Blood, and was, at all Events, to be detained from feeking foreign Aid. But the News of the King’s Death arriving in thofe Parts before the Squadron of Obfervation, Matters were fo well concerted by thofe in Mary’s Intereft, that the Sea¬ men were gained'to her Party, and declared in her Favour, not only on-board this Fleet, but at the Cinque-ports in ■Kent ; where the Lord Warden proclaimed her by the Stile of Mary Queen of England. This Defedtion, and the De¬ claration of the Suffolkmen alfo for her Title to the Crown, fo over-awed the reft of the Nation, that the Defedtion became general: the very Privy-council, who had fet up Queen Jane, revoked and annulled their Proceedings in 2.00 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: 44 advanced and fee forward, for to difeover, defery, and find files, Lands, Territories, Dominions, and Seigno- 44 ries unknown, and by our Subjects before this not com- 44 monly by Sea frequented, which by the Sufferance and 44 Grace of Almighty God, it fhall chance them failing “ Nonhwards, North-eaftwards, and North-wcftwards, or 44 any Parts thereof, in that Race or Courfe which other 44 Chriftian Monarchs (being with us in League and Amity) 44 have net heretofore by Seas trafficked, haunted, or fre- ‘‘ quanted, to find and attain by their faid Adventure, as ‘‘ well for the Glory of God, as for the illuftrating of our 44 Honour and Dignity royal, in the Increafe of the Re- “ venues of our Crown, and general Wealth of this and ‘‘ other our Realms and Dominions, and of our Suhjefts “ of the fame: And to this Intent our Subjects above 44 fpecified and named, have moil humbly befeeched us, ‘‘ that our abundant Grace, Favour and Clemency may be “ grarioully extended unto them -in this Behalf: "Where- “ upon we inclined to the Petition of the fore&id our “ Counfellors, Subje&s and Merchants, and willing to “ animate, advance, further and nourilh them in their faid “ godly, honeft, and good Purpofe, and, as we hope, “ profitable Adventure; and that they may the more wil- “ lir-gly, and readily atchieve the fame, of our efpecial Grace, certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, have “ granted, and by thefe Prefents do grant, for us, our “ 44 Heirs and Succeffors, unto our faid right trufly, and “ “ right faithful, and right well-beloved Counfellors, and “ “ the other before named Perfons, that they by the Name 44 44 of Merchants-adventurers of England, for the Difcovery 44 “ of Lands, Territories, Ifles, Dominions, and Seignories “ “ unknown, and not before that late Adventure or Enter- “ “ prife by Sea or Navigation, commonly frequented as “ ‘‘ aforefaid, fhall be from henceforth one Body and per- “ 44 petual Fcllowfhip and Commonalty of themfelves, both “ 44 in Deed and in Name, and them, by the Names of 44 “ Merchants-adventurers for the Difcovery of Lands, Ter- “ 44 ritories, Ifles and Seignories unknown, and not by the “ “ Seas and Navigations, before their faid late Adventure “ “ or Enterprife by Sea or Navigation commonly fre- “ 44 quented, we do incorporate, name, and declare by thefe “ 44 Prefents, and that the fame Fellowfhip or Commonalty “ “ from henceforth fhall be, and may have one Governor 44 44 of the faid Fellowfhip and Commonalty of Merchants- “ “ And in confideration that one Sebajlian Caida hath “ been the chiefeft Setter-forth of this Journey or Voyage, “ therefore we make, ordain, and conltitute him the faid “ Sebajlian to be the firft and prefent Governor of the fame “ Fellowfhip and Commonalty, by thefe Prefents ; ‘ to “ have and enjoy the faid Office of Governor, to him the “ faid Sebajlian Cabs!a during his natural Life, without “ removing or difmiffing him from the fame Room. 46 And furthermore, we grant unto the fame Fellowlhip 44 and Commonalty, and their Succeffors, that they the “ faid Fellowfhip and Commonalty, and their Succeffors, “ after the Dcceafe of the faid Sebajlian Cabola, fhall, and 44 may freely and lawfully in Places convenient and honeft, “ afiemble themfelves together, or fo many of them as “ will or can afiemble together, as well within our City of “ London, or elfewhere, as it fhall pleafe them, in fuch “ fort 2nd manner, as other worfhipful Corporations of our “ kid City have ufed to afiemble, and there yearly name, “ ckci ar._d choofe one Governor or two, of themfelves, and their liberties, and alfo as well yearly during the “ natural Life of the faid Sebafiiar. Cabala now Governor, 44 as alfo at the Election of fuch faid Governor or Gover- “ nors before his Dcceafe, to choofc, name and appoint “ twenty-eight of the molt fad, difereet, and honeft Per- “ Ions of the faid Fellowfhip and Commonalty of Mcr- 44 chant-adventurers, as is above fpecified, and four of the “ moft expert and fkiiful Perfons of the fame twenty-eight “ to be named and called Co.j'jls, and twenty-four of the “ tefidue to be named and "called Afiiftants to the faid “ Governor or Governors, and Confuls for the time being, “ which fhall remain and (land in their Authorities for one “ whole Year then next following. And if it fhall fortune 44 the faid Governor, Confuls, and Afiiftants, or any of “ them fo to be elected, and chofen as is aforefaid, to die “ within the Year after his or their Eleftion, that t ! i-n, j “ Fellowfhip and Commonalty, to deft and 0 ^!''! “ themfelves other Governor or Governors, Confuls’. l | 44 Afiiftants, in the Place and Stead of fuch as f„ nm 44 happen to die, to ferve out the fame Year. y 44 And further we do make, ordain, and conil;,,,. 44 George Barms Knight and Alderman of our Gt» ' 44 Landau, William Garret Alderman of our faid g 44 Anthonie Hufie, and John Sulbcot, to be the Hrd " fl 44 prefent four Confuls of the faid Fellowfhip an d cy™ 44 monalty, by thefe Prefents, to have and enjoy theta 44 Offices of Confuls to them the faid George Bams 44 Ham Garret, Anthonie Hufie, and John Sulhcet, forTcr 44 of one whole Year next after the Date of thefe „ a 44 Letters Patents: And we do likewife make, ordain Jj 44 conftitute Sir John Grejbam, Knt, Sir Andrew Juddt V,. 44 Sir thomas White, Knt. Sir John Torke, Knt. fiZ 44 Offley the Elder, Thomas Lodge, Henry lierdfm Wt, 44 . Hopkins, William Watfon, William Clifton, Richard hk. 44 ter, Richard Cbamberlaine, William Malltrie, !}-.!, 44 Pallie the Elder, William Allen, Henry Becber, Getm 44 Walkenden, Richard Fowles, Rowland Heyward , Gin 44 Eaton, John Eliot, John Sparke, Blafe Sanders , 44 Miles Mcrding, to be the firft and prelent twenty-four 44 Afiiftants to the laid Governor or Governors, andC«. 44 fuls, and to the faid Fellowfhip and Commonalty, b 44 thefe Prefents, to have and enjoy the faid Offices tf 4 Afiiftants to them for Term of one whole Year, nut after the Date of thefe our Letters Patents. / ' ther, we for us, our Heirs and Succeffors, as _ in us is, will and grant by thefe Prefents unto the faid I Governor, Confuls, Afiiftants, Fcllowfhip and Compaq of Merchants-adventurers aforefaid, and to their Sue- cefTors, that the faid Governor or Governors, four Con- fids, and 24 Afiiftants, that now by thefe Patents m nominated and appointed, or that hereafter by the faij Fellowfhip and Commonalty of Merchants-advemurttt, or the more Part of them, which fhall be then preleg fo from time to rime to be chofen, fo that there ’ “ teen at the lead: wholly agreed thereof, the faid nor or Governors, or one of them, and two of the H Confuls lhall be there, and twelve of the refidue of tb faid Number of 15, lhall be of the faid Afiiftants, ad in the Abfence of fuch Governor, that then three ([ the faid Confuls, and twelve of the faid Alfiftants at th: Jeaft, for the time being, fhall and may have, ufe ad exercife full Power and Authority to rule and govern a! and Angular the Merchants of the faid Feilowlhip ad Commonalty, and to execute and do full and Jpeedj Juftice to them, and every of them, in all their Cauls, Differences, Variances, Controverftes, Quarrels, ad Complaints, within any our Realms, Dominions ad Jurifdicfions, only moved, and to be moved, touching their Merchandife, Trafficks, and Occupiers aforeffl, or the good Order or Rule of them or any of them. 44 Alfo we for us, our Heirs and Succefiors, fo mail 4 as in us is, do likewife by thefe Prefents grant, thank 4 faid Governor, Confuls, Afiiftants, Fellowfhip and Com¬ monalty, and their Succeffors fhall and may have per¬ petual Succefiion, and a common Seal which (hall p* 4 petually ferve for the Affairs and Bufinefs of the kd Fellowlhip and Commonalty. And that they and their Succeffors, fhall and may be for ever able Perfons, id capax in the Law, for to purchafe and pofiefs in F« and Perpetuity, and for Term of Life or Lives, orfo Term of Years or otherwife, Lands, Tenements, Rent- 4 ' Reverfions, and other PofTcffions, and Hereditament! whatfoever they be, by the Name of the Governor, Confuls, Afiiftants, Fellowlhip and Commonalty of ifc Difcovery of Lands, Territories, Ifles, Dominions, ad Seignories unknown, and before the faid laft Advow® or Enterprife by Seas not frequented, as before is Ip cified ; and by the fame Names fhall and may lawfully alien, grant, let and let the fame, or any Part thereof, to any Perfon or Perfons able in the Law to take receive the fame. So that they do not grant nor aW the fame, or any Part thereof, into Mortmain , -°4 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: this they have a Navigation to the Northern Ocean, can fit out Ships to Spitfcergen (Greenland) and, by the North Cape, into the German and Caledonian Oceans, and may fend Ships to any Part of America, palling by the North of Scotland and Ireland , with as great Eafe as the Dutch, who go North about, do to the fame Countries. 2. They have the Port of Peterjburgb , in the Gulph of Finland ; by which they have opened a Door into the Baltic Sea, and by that Sea, into the Britijb Channel, and fo with all the reft of the World. They have alfo the intire Pofirfiion of It'ibcrg, Narva, Revel, and Riga, four of the beft Ports for Trade in th2t Part of the Baltic-Sea. 3. They have the Port of Aftracan, in the Cafpian-Sea, by which they have 2 Navigation to the Coaft of Georgia and Perfia, and where they are likely one Day to open effe&uaily the moft important Trade in that Part of the World, notwithftanding they met with fome Obftruction, in relation to the Perfian Raw-fiik Trade from Geylan, on the fide of Georgia and to that Purpofe the Jate Czar for- rifted Terki, on the utmoft Weftern Bound of Crcajfia , and the late Czarina built a Fort and royal City there, .which they boaft will, in time, be equal to that of Peterjburgb in the Gulph of Finland. 4. They have three fmall Ports on the fide of the Black- Sea, which, w’ ’ " n they took Afopb from the Turks, they rg refolved to make Afopb the Seat of a flighted, as having refolved to make Afopb naval Power, equal to that of the Turks, and lo nave obliged the Grand Seignior to allow them a free Paflage cut of the Palus-Meotis , and the Black-Sea, by Conjhn- Sincple, into the JV Uditerranean , which would have been a Doer of Trade worth a Kingdom itfelf; but that great Drfign mifrarried afterwards, by the Lofs of Afopb % which they were obliged to reftore to the Grand Seignior, by that fatal Treaty made on the Banks of the River Prutb, in lSjtldaSza ; and, fince that, they are glad to make ufe of thefe fmalier Ports in the Black-Sea ; but they have not yet appeared to be of much Service, either in Matters of Trade cr War, having no Harbours to Seaward capable of re¬ ceiving any Ships of Burthen, nor any navigable River by which to carry on their Commerce by Land, the Country next adjoining being moftly defart, and incapable of Trade: Yet it is Lid the late Czar, had he lived, would have fettled a Communication that way by Caravans, and fo have bad a Trade to Terki on the Cafpian-Sea. Thefe are the four Seas into which the great Extent of their Dominions gives them an Entrance; which yet are fo exceedingly diftant and remote in their Situation, as to have no practicable Communication by Sea with one an¬ other: But the Situation of Mufccvv is fuch, that, by the great River I'/olga, which runs from North to South thro’ the Heart of their Dominions, they may one Day form a Communication for Trade between all thefe Parts, being able, wit!) the Help of two fmall Canals, which his Czarifti Maicfty haj begun before his Death, to join the Waters of the I-ake Onega with the Stream of the IVolga, and fo in effect caufe the Waters of the Ccfpian , the Baltic, and the V/bite-Sea , to meet one with another. In the like man¬ ner, by a Canal at Varcnitza, he had brought the Navi¬ gation of the Rivers IVolga and the Don, or Tanais, toge¬ ther, and fo joined the Waters of the Cafpian with thofe of the Euxine-Sea ; tho* by the difmantling of Afopb, as aboye, that Communication is not rendered near fo ufcful to this Country as it otherwife might have been. Having thefe Advantages for extending their Commerce by fuch a ftrange kind ot River-navigation, we will pro-- cced to enquire into the Funds of Trade which are to be found in this vaft Dominion. And here we may obferve, that tho* the Induftry of the People of Mufcovy is really fcandalcus (at leaft it was fo before their Prince fired their Minds with Expectations of getting great Things from Trade) and that their Manufactures were very few ; yet now no fing’e Country (take it complexly) has fo many, and fuch valuable Things for Exportation, as the . \hifco- t/A r Dominions, and thole both of Land-produce and Ma¬ nufacture, and which, confequently, bring a prodigious o the Country in Money but till the late Czar Baltic-Sea, and bringing hi ^ _ _ _ after the German and French Manner, they hYtl"nQ ConCumption of Britijb or French ManufaSurcs a 3 them, and, confequently, no great Commerce this but now their Exports and Imports are exceeding 1 creafed, and are daily increafing; and certain it ' the Balance of Trade is greatly to the Advantage of T Ruffians, with moft Countries with which they I,,' Dealings. ‘ The Produce of the European Part of this Countrv' as follows : ’ “ 'Tar in a prodigious Quantity. Honey and Bees-wax. Riiff-a Leather, Deer, Bear, and Elk-fkins Pot-allies, Timber and Plank, Iron, andfc®. From I Copper, the laft from Kexkolm, or t„,I Ruff,a and I Finland. North ■! Hemp and Flax. Parts of I Linnen and Linnen-yarn. Furrs, fuch as Sable, Black-fox, Ermin, R a i„. deer, Marcins. Raw-filk, by the V/olga. Perfian, Indian, and China Goods, the lad fo Land-carriage. r'Tar, -‘Deals, Fir-timber, . Mails, LIron, and alfo Copper. 'Hemp, Flax, Linfeed the bed in Eunpt, Corn, Sturgeor — 1 ^. Pitch and Tar. Linnen-clotb of feveral Sorts. Ruffia-Ymnesi, properly fo called, Diaper, a late Manufadture. Sail-cloth, the like,} , , . Canvas and Duck, 1 both lm P rov From Circaffia ,—Tobacco, which is very much increafed. All thefe are extraordinary Exportations, and the more becaufe exported in an extraordinary Quantity: but their Manufadures are but fmall in Proportion to thefe, except their Linnen, Linnen-yarn, and Riffa-leather; and thefe, it muft be acknowledged, are Articles of very great Ex¬ tent, and have been much increafing for many Years pad. Of thefe Merchandizes, the Tar is a prodigious Article, The late Czar was, as the Czarina now is, the foie Mer¬ chant, and in is principally exported at Jrcbangtl and Wiberg. The Czarina is likewife faid to be the only Merchant in the Tobacco of Circaffia, which, as it grows in exceeding Plenty, and very good, the Ruffians are fupplied from thence wholly, r,nd~the Government makes a very great Revenue from it. The Country of Circaffia, they fay, yields above 6o or 70,000 Hoglheads of Tobacco yearly, and they vend no inconfiderable Quantity of it in the Belltt, and in Sweden and Poland. Between the Port of JJlracait and the Coaft of rtrp, there is a very large Commerce carried on. From Siberia, the Czarina’s Share only of the Sables and rich Furrs taken there, is faid to amount to above 150,000;. Serling a Year, and the Duty paid upon the reft toasmuc The Trade in their new Conquefts was very great before, and is not leffened fince their failing into the Hands of the Ruffians. The Hemp, Flax, and other naval Stores top¬ ped off every Year at Riga, Revel, Narva, F/ib^b * Peterjburgb, are fo exceeding great, that the Dutch only -= faid to load 30c Ships a Year at Peterjburgb, and near many at IViborg. The aia fckjKt Or , Complete View of the British Marine the Kingdom of Peru, to Panama , and to have of him ; and refolving, upon tl ),ooo Pezzots (or Pieces) of Gold, and a they fhould not carry at all, went out in 1 of Provifions: At the End of - fix Days he to do him this Service. Having got a 1 :rk coming from Lima , in which he found together for that Purpofe, upon his Retu me. He found had happened, upon which he was recon id fo failing to and promifed 'them half of the Treafuri : came near to ftand by him to recover it out of the H nzes, and went uiards, and the Negroes promifed to affifi: Bows and Arrows. Bur riwr now hnvtn a I Or, Corftplefe v ie\v. of the British Ma rini:. him, had put them upom many Expe- out that it held Gold, and that very richi more fecure, expeditious, and convenient tity ; and the faid Goldfmiths promifed i mprovement thereof. This had been the any Quantity thereof could be had; w|‘ View in all their Attempts to the N. E. duced a fecond Voyage, aties with Rujfta. But thofe Projedb not In this Voyage they gave Karnes to inguine Expedations; feveral London Mer- Bays, Capes, Streights, E*. as Elizabeth ’< ailed upon by Mr. Martin Forbijher, in the Labrador, GabriePs Illand, Prior’s Soun it him out upon a Difcovery of a N. W. Ham’s Ifland, Botlrcbet 's Illand, Forbiffoer's Solicitation of 15 Years Continuance, as defcribed the Country-people to be' like t ks *. His principal Patron in this Scheme long Black-hair, broad Faces, Hat Noles, Hey Earl of Warwick ; and our Navigator wearing Garments of Seal-(kins. He an ith two finall Barks, the Gabriel and Mr- the 2d of ORober. All which is more ons each, and one Pinnace of 10 Tons firmed by the journal, of Cbripper Hall, i bijher in this his firft Voyage. bijher in this his firft Voyage. the Command of the Gabriel ; the Secretary Woolley was fent from her Maiefti one Captain KjnderJJey, fubjefl: to the Charge to the Company of the Ship to obey thei ■bijher. This little Squadron, with and be diligent in all Things; he obfcrves at ( -a-days fcarce venture to the Extent and found the Latitude 51 Deg. 23 Min Ya r. Forbijher. This little Squadron, with and be diligent in all Things; lie obfcrves now-a-days fcarce venture to the Extent and found the Latitude 51 Deg. 23 Min. oaft, failed from Blackwall, on the River Deg. i. >ur Miles Eaft of London, on the 15th of June 24th, He had Sight of Faires Itle. h the moft Northern Seas for a Paflage had Sight of the Swinburne in Shetland tht the frozen Zone, and the North Pole, to Cape bears N. N. W. Fairely at the fame ti ina, and the Wejl-Indies. Of the Succefs failing from thefe Bearings with Swinburne ; we have the following Accounts. he had Deptli 60, 5 o,- 40 Fathoms. I Land, he Fairely b ie fame for Depth 59 ar if his fmall ir, Shetland t 5- W. N. W. 6 Leagues offryi Or , Complete View of the British Marini rent you by thefe Bearers, Pen, Ink and They have two forts of Boats, as bt rite back again ; if perfonaliy you can, come for one Man, the other for 1 6 ; they . ie 0 f their Eltate.” Flelh with Darts ; and it may be thou fome other Place to live in Winter, far Captive being on-fliore, fet up five final! fide; they will eat their Flefh and Filh, rcle one by another, with a fmall Bone placed filthily. What Knowledge they have ol The Englijh conceited thereby, that he they adore, is unknown. They make £ tis Countrymen to underhand, that for five wear bright Places of Gold in their Fore I the lali Year, he was taken Prifonerj which try is high and mountainous, great C y the Bone in the Midft. lying thereon ; there is little plain Grot made Signs that they had a King carried on but that which is like unto Mofs, s ers, a Man far furpafiing any of ours in Big- Ground, fuch as we get Turf upon, rare. It may be thought they are ufed to at all. There is great Quantity of De Or, Complete View of the British Marine. ii) : fether of his Company, difeovered (as they affirmed) a ■ r Foreland, where they would have it alio, that there , % a great Likelihood of the wideft Paffage towards the ; c t-L The Eimmel in her Courfe homeward, dif¬ fered ro the S.E. of Friejland, a great Ifland in Latitude c _, / which had not till then been known; along the emit of which they failed for three Days, and found the I and feemingly fruitful, full of Wood, and a champain Country. It was remarkable, that in a Fleet of 15 Ships, r hich encountered fo many Difficulties and Dangers, no rat in theil 1 to be Farce -- -— Atlantis, \ thofe Weftcrn Iflands which bear now the Narne ‘ of America, countervailing thereby the Name of Atlantis, ‘ m the Knowledge of our Age. Then, if when no Fart of the laid Atlanta was op- prefl'ed by Water and Earthquake, the Coalfs round navigable; a r ‘ about the fame “ moll: Part of it was, fine muie u,a,. ^ _ “ w ' [ h Water, which could What railed the Spirit of the Nation to promote this “ Deeps and Channels, Difcovery, which ' f ‘ ' ” . J — J = “ ' : “ inlarging of th . ...its tenuous Advocates, were chiefly the Rea- “ many new. Why Ions wen by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, Knt. before the Queer’s “ N. W. Paffage Council, againft the Poflibility of the N. E. Paffage, which “ s ” r -- : - hitherto had engroffed their Attention, without the lead Hope of fucceeding any further than in the Difcoveries made by Captain Chancellor to Archangel, and the Cabots to Cape Florida ; and his Arguments for a N. W. Paffage to Calaia, China, Eajl-Iniies, &c. Sir Gilbtrl’s Arguments, and upon which our modern Advocates build their Opinion of a N. W. Paffage, are taken from Reafon, Experience, Circumftance, and other uncontrcverted Motives. • He firlt takes it for granted, that America is by all De- Tcriptions or Maps, ancient and modern, an Ifland fur- , rounded by Sea; on the South by the Streights of Magel¬ lan-, on the Welt by the South-fea, running towards the : North, and feparating America from the Eaft- parts of Afta, (where the Catalans inhabit; on the Eaft by the Weftern (Ocean; and on the North by the Sea that fevereth it from iCrmloud-, “ thro’ which Northern-feas, fays Sir Gilbert, “the Paffage lieth, which I now take in hand to dif- cover.” To confirm this Affertion he quotes Plalo,vtho, Tmno, and in the Dialogue called Critics, “ difeourfeth of an incomparable great Ifland, then called Atlantis, being greater than all Affrie and Afta, which lay Weft- ward from the Streights of Gibraltar, navigable round about; affirming alfo that the Princes of Atlantis did as well enjoy the Governance of all Affrie, and the molt (.“ Part of Europe, as of Atlantis itfelf. “Alfo to prove Plato’s Opinion of this Ifland, and the •“ inhibiting of it in ancient Time, by them of Europe,- to “ be of the more Credit, Marineus Siculus, in his Chro- nicle of Spain, reporteth that there hath been found by “ the Spaniards in the Gold-mines, of America, certain ,. . Pieces of Money engraved, with the Image of Auguflus Obferv able; a far greater Hope by the N. W. feeing the rhac Time, fwaiiowed up it utterly take away the old iuc rather be ail Occafion of the ind alfo an inforcing of a great n fhould we now doubt of our 0 --.-Vigation from England to India ? “ &c. feeing that Atlantis, now called America, was ever “ known to be an Ifland, and in thofe Days navigable “ round about, which by Accel's of more Water could “ not be diminilhed. ^ “ Alfo Arijiolle in his Book Be Mundo, and the learned “ German, Simon Gryneus, in his Annotations upon the “ fame, faith that the whole Earth (meaning thereby, as manifeftly doth appear, Afta, Afric, and Europe, being “ all the Councries then known) to be but one Ifland, com- “ paffed about with the Reach of the Sea Atlantine ; which “ likewife approveth America to be an Ifland, and in no “ part adjoining to Afta, or the reft. “ Alfo many ancient Writers, as Strabo ‘, and others,- “ called boch the Ocean Sea (which lieth Eaft of India) “ Atlanticum Pelagus, and that Sea alfo on the Weft Coafts “ of Spam and AJric, Mare Atlanticum ; the Diftance be¬ tween which two Coafts, is almoft half the Compafs of the Earth. “ So that it is incredible, as by Plato appeareth ma¬ nifeftly, that the Eajl-Indian Sea had the Name Atlan¬ ticum Pelagus, of the Mountain Atlas in Afric, or yet the Sea adjoining to Afric Had Name Oceanus Atlanticus of the fame Mountain; but that thofe Seas and the Mountain Atlas were fo called of this great Ifland At¬ lantis-, and that the one and the other had their Names for a Memorial of the mighty Prince Atlas fome timd King thereof, who was Japhet, youngeft Son to Noab 9 in whofe Time the whole Earth was divided between the three Brethren, Sem, Ham , and Japhet “ Wherefore I am of Opinion that America by the N.W.' will be found favourable to this our Encerprife.” His Proof from Reafon for a N.W. Paffage is art )n, that assail Rivers, Bays and Havens wax Ihal- . . Pieces were fent unto the Pope «* ^Ttftimony of the Matter, by John Rufus Arch-biihop N.W. a : the Paffage is expefted, there is good Hope that the faid u . ,? r ^, ver, r , t l - 1S was not on ty thought of Plato, but Paffage to the South feas may be difeovered. Another . ( ) r a, J ,l ' us rianus, an excellent Florentine Philofopher, Reafon is taken from a Suppofition, That was America UflMr the \Qretian, Produsf, and alfo Philo the fa- joined .to Afta, either the Arians, or Scythians, or Tartars, ous (as appeareth in his Book De Mundo, and in or other People bordering thereon, would long ago have e ^o.-nmentaries upon Plato) to be overflown, and penetrated into that Parc of the World ; whereas it is very wauowed up with Water, by reafon of a mighty Earth- certain, that there were no Appearances of any fuch Vi- T1 I!- j , n i m S down of the heavenly Floodgates, fiters found by the Europeans, when they firft difeovered , le [ c w hereor^happened unto fome Part of Italy, America . He urges the fame Argument from the Diver- r - rClb ^ ncls C ^ e callec * Su P erum -> ic fity of Animals, alledging, that there cannot be found any Dearth trt)m C° m i nent of Calabria ,.as ap- Beaft proper to Cataia, or Tartary, &c. in America, or U Anc * there chanced the like in Zea- they proper to America in Cataia, Tartaiy, &c. or any Part “ A t ° of He draws feveral Inferences alfo to proved*- Me&th P /° p Cles °f Pp’doa and Antiffa, about rica to be an Ifland from the Current of the Seas: which a ‘ U ’ , r,lto t ' le > n the Corinthian are very judicious, but too long to be inferred in this 0010m, commonly called Sinus Cormthiacus, have been Hiftory. ^ His nex!: p roo p ; s Experience of divers Travellers; uch as Eaulus Venetus, who dwelt many Years in Cataia, ind affirmed that he failed 1500 Miles upon the Coails of Mangia and Anion, towards the North-eaft, always find- ng tile Seas open before him, not only as far as he went, jut alfo as far as he could difeern. And after enumerating feveral more Authorities to the . - fame Purpofe, concludes with this Declaration of our Coun- “ asoooo’Ye "7 ~T' °‘ tlle w ° r l• Prince, by eroding them in any of their uled Trades, whereby they might take any juft Occafion of Offe ” rt all Search for a N. W. Paflage, and prevailed with her Jhjsfty to grant Sir Humphrey a Patent to pr—- J : Difcovery, and to make Settlements on the Sh unknown Seas, to the Diftance of m the Shores of thofe ' \ lty Mayefly to Sir Hum- « tr ; es as a f ore f a y ; ;f. t | 1C y (i, a |i not t, e before planted or lirey Gilbert, JOu. for the inhabiting and planting of « inhabited within the Limits aforefaid, with the Subjefls ir People in America. “ of an y Chriftian Prince, being in Amity with her Ma- Elhdieth by the Grace of God Queen of England, “ jelly, where the faid Sir Humphrey, his Heirs or Afiigns, ' ' , r r, r - „ „ “ or any of them, or his or rheir, pr any of their Affo- “ ciates or Companies, lhall within fix Years next en- “ fuing, make their Dwellings and Abidings, or that lhall “ enterprife or attempt at any time hereafter unlawfully to annoy either by Sea or Land, the laid Sir Humphrey, his Heirs or Afiigns, or any of chem, or his or their, or any of their Companies -, giving and granting by thefe Prefents, further Power and Authority to the faid Sir ulu . r .._. any Difcoveries made._ Parts by the French ; and therefore by the Law of Nations is 2 judicial Proof againft the Encroachments made from Caiedo towards the N. W. Seas. _.. .. all People to whom thefe Prefents lhall cc Greeting. Know ye that of our efpecial Grace, certain Science, and nicer Motion, we have given and granted, and by tiiel'c Prefents for us, our Heirs and Succeflors, do give and grant to our trufty and well-beloved Ser¬ vant Sir Humphrey Gilbert of Compton, in our County of Deeonjhire, lint, and to his Heirs and Afiigns for ever, free Liberty and Licence from time to time, and at al' ' :r hereafter, to difeover, find, fearch out, “ Humphrey, his Heirs and Afiigns, and every of them heathen and barbarous Lands, Chriftian Prince or People, as to him, his Heirs and Afiigns, and to every or any of them, lhall feem good -, . and at all times for ever hereafter to take and furprife by all manner of means whatfoever, all and every Perfon and Perfons, with their Ships, Vef- fels, and other Goods and Furniture, which without d the fame to have, hold, occupy and enjoy to him, “ the Licence of the faid Sir Humphrey, or his Heirs oi his Heirs and Afiigns for ever, with all Commodities, Jurifdidions and Royalties both by Sea and Land ; and “ tile faid Sir Humphrey, and all fuch as from time to time “ by Licence of us, our Heirs and Succeflors, (hall go “ and travel thither, to inhabit or remain there, to build aforefaid, (hall be found sour or Harbours, Creek or Creeks, within the Li- aforefaid, (the Subjedls of our Realms and Dorni- s, and all other Perfons in Amity with us, being anti travel thither, to inhabit or remain there, to build “ driven by Force of Temped or Shipwreck only ex- and fortify at the Difcretion of the faid Sir Humphrey, “ cepted) and thofe Perfons and every of them, with their : ' 1 " " ' ’ ~ " " " " Ships, Vefiels, Goods and Furniture, to detain and pof- fefs, as of good and lawful Prize, according to the Dif¬ cretion ot him the faid Sir Humphrey, his Heirs and any ocher A£t, Statute, “ Afiigns, and of every or ar.y of them. And for uni- * ' ■.--■r .. tin g jn more p er f e a. league and Amity of fuch Coun¬ tries, Lands and Territories fo to be pofieffed and in¬ habited as aforefaid, with our Realms of England and Ireland, and for the better Encouragement of Men ‘ “ and of his Heirs and Afligns; the Statutes or Adis of Parliament made againft Fugitives, or againft fuch as (hall depart, remain, or continue out of our Realm of England without Licence, or any ocher A£t, Statute, Lav;, or Matter whatfoever to the contrary in any wife nonvithllanding. And we do likewife by thefe Pre- lents, for us, our Heirs and Succeflors, give full Au- thorityaml Power to the faid Sir Humphrey, his Heirs and Afligns, and every of them, that he and they, and “ this Enterprife ; we do by thefe Prefents grant, and de* ir any of them, (hail and may at all and every ...... ,.i.d times hereafter, have, take, and lead in the lame \ oyages, to travel thitherward, and to inhabit there with him, anti every or any of them, fuch and fo many °1 our Subjefts as (hall willingly accompany hint and tnem, anti every or any of them, with fufficient Ship¬ ping and Furniture tor their Tranfportations, fo that none of the fame Perfons, nor any of them be fuch as hereafter fnall be lpecially reftrained by us, our Heirs and Succeflors. And further, that he the faid Humphrey, his Heirs and Afligns, and-every or any of them (hall have, hold, occupy and enjov to him, his Heirs or Alhgns, and every of them for ever, all the Soil of all Inch Lands, Countries and Territories fo to be difeovered or poflyh-d as aforefaid, and of all Cities, Cadies, Towns anti Villages, and Places in the fame, with the Rights, loyalties ami Jurifdictions, as well Marine as other, wmim the laid Lands or Countries of the Seas thereunto --aiming, t 0 be had or ufed, with full Power to difpofe ■e.-not and oi every Part thereof in Fee Ample, or w ” 1 - , accordil ’ s “ the ° rtier of the Laws of En Z~ an' T ,ai - "tv- M t ' K ’ * ame conv enicntly may be, at his, or' thTn i! 11 a " d Plcaf “ rc ’ t0 an y Perfon then being, 1 lhall remain within the Allegiance of U', our “ DuoV'anrn^ 110 ^ payil ’ s l,nco us r ° r a " Services, '■' S ai,d Demands, the fifth Part of all the Ore of dare, that all fuch Countries fo hereafter to be poffefied “ and inhabited as aforefaid, from thenceforth (hall be of “ the Allegiance of us, our Heirs and Succeflors. And “ we do grant to the faid Sir Humphrey, his Heirs and “ Afiigns, and to all and every of them, and to all and “ every other Perfon and Perfons, being pf our Allegiance, “ whole Names lhall be noted or entered in fome of our “ Courts of Record, within this our Realm of England, “ and that with the Affent of the faid Sir Humphrey, his “ Heirs or Afligns, lhall now in this Journey for Dif- “ covery, or in the fecond Journey for Conqueft hereafter, “ travel to fuch Lands, Countries and Territories as afore- “ faid, and to their and every of their Heirs, that they, “ and every or any of them being either born within our “ faid Realms of England or Ireland, or within any other “ Place within our Allegiance, and which hereafter lhall “ be inhabited within any the Lands, Countries and Ter- “ ritories, with fuch Licence as aforefaid, (hall, and may “ have, and enjoy all the Privileges of free Denizens and “ Perfons native of England, and within our Allegiance ; “ any Law, Cuftom, or Ufage to the contrary notwith- “ Handing. “ And forafmuch, as upon the finding out, difeovering “ and inhabiting of fuch remote Lands, Countries and “ Territories as aforefaid, it (hall be neceffiiry for the Safety “ of all Men that fliall^ adventure themfelvcs in thofe 224 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: A NEW NAVAL HISTORY rays°EO fee executed, which you fhall think nth the Confent alfo of any four of them, the nntr been debated, and fo afTcnted to, in the if your faid Affiftants. And in cafe that fuch e and Debating the Opinions of the aforeiaid be found, in e£fed, any way to differ -, then ;ht meet, that all fu'ch Matters fo argued upon, to be put in Execution, in fuch fort as you : moft meet, having the Affent of any four of aforefaid. And if any of thefe Affiftants ftiall the Number of the one half of the Survivors :h the Captain-general, for Confent in all Things 11 which your Affemblies and Confutations for rs aforefaid, we think very convenient that ar and true Note fhould be kept- For which appoint Mr. Maddox Minifter, and if he ffiould hen the General, with half the Affiftants Sur¬ name one to keep a Book of all fuch Matters, : brought in Confultation, and of all fuch Rea- all be propounded by any Perfons, either on ide, or on the other; what was refolved oh, iofe Confent; who diffented from them, and Caufes. In which Book he fhall in the Begin- :he Note of every fuch Affembly, fet down ‘ ly the Day and the Place, if it may be, the ‘the Perfons then prefent, and upon what Oc- e faid Confultation was appointed or holden ; have, to every Act, the Hands of the General, 11 , or fo many of the faid Affiftants, as will ; which Book, the faid Mafter Maddox, or , upon his Deceafe appointed in his Place, fhall et, and in good Order, to be exhibited unto us there happen any Perfon or Perfons employed Tvice, of what Calling or Condition he or they Ihould confpire, or attempt privately Or pub- ,y Treafon, Mutiny, or other Difcord, either the taking away of your own Life, or any Authority under you, whereby her Majefty’s in this Voyage, might be overthrown or im- ws will therefore, that upon juft Proof made ich Treafon, Mutiny, or any other Difcord, at- as aforefaid, the fame fhall be punilhed by you. Lieutenant, according, to the Quality arid Enor- the Fad. Provided always, and it fhall not be neither for you, nor your Lieutenant, to pro- Jie Punifhment of any Perfon, by Lofs of Life », unlefs the - Party fhall be judged to have de- : by the reft of your Affiftants, as is before ex- or at the lead by four of them. And that iall concern Life to be by the Verdid-of twelve the Company employed in this Voyage, to be lied : for that Purpofe, with the Obfervation of n of'our Country Laws, in that Behalf, as near nay. Provided, if it fhall not appear, that the fg of the Execution by ; Death, fhall minifter increafe the Fad of the Offender, then it were 3 convince the Party of his Fad, by the Oaths c indifferent Perfons, and to commit him to hard ament, until the Return. And as well of the immitfed 'by-any, as alfo of the Proof thereof, the Opinion of you, and your Affiftants, and nnei* of the Puniffimenr, the Regifttr fhall make ular and true 1 Note, in the'Book of your Con- n, as is before appointed, ou fhall not remove' Captain William Hawkins, ieutenant,'Captain Luke Ward, your Vice-admj- Captain of the EdwardBor.avcr.iure, nor Captain “ this whole Voyage, if it fhould pleafe 6 * away, it is thought meet that there fhoi 14 of fuch Gentlemen fecretly fet down t “ Place, one after the other, which are “ in Parchment, included in Balls of \ 44 her Majefty’s Signet, put into two Cof 44 the feveral Locks, whereof one Key * c Cuftody of Captain Luke Ward, the 44 Hawkins, and the third of Mr. Madt 44 and the lame two Coffers to be put 44 Ships, viz. the one Coffer in the Gallec 44 of the General, and the other in the 44 litre, in the Cuftody of the Vice admira “ Coffers, upon any fuch Cafualty of the « by the Confent of the Affiftants whii 66 to be opened* and the Party therein t “ in the Place, who fhall thereupon tal 44 Charge in the faid Voyage, according " General do continue ftill, then fhall 44 turn, deliver back the faid Coffers “ fealed, in fuch fort as they be, witho 44 unlefs it be in the Cafe aforeiaid. 44 S. You fhall make a juft and true 44 Ship and Veflel appointed for this “ Tackle, Munition, and Furniture ui “ at their letting forth hence, and of “ whatfoevtr, and one Copy thereof, 44 and under the Elands of your Vic “ nant, to be delivered to the Earl ol “ other to the Governor of the Comp: 44 fore your Departure hence, and the 1 44 your Return home, of all Things th< 44 faid Ships arid Veffels, with a true C 64 by what Means any Parcel of the “ fpent or loft. 44 9. You fhall ufe all Diligence, pof 44 Southampton, with your faid Ships : 44 the laft of this prefent Month of A\ 44 your Courfe, by the Cape of Good H 44 the Streight of Magellan, either goin 44 cept upon great Occafion incident, t 44 otherwife good to you, by the Adv 44 your faid Affiftants, or four of them 44 10. You fhall not pafs to the No 44 40th Degree of Latitude at the moft; 44 right Courfe to the Hies of Moluccos, “ covery of the North-weft Paflage, 44 ranee of your Trade, and within tin 44 can get any Knowledge concerning t 44 of you fhall do well to be inquifu 44 this fort may ferve. 44 11. You fhall have fpecial Reg 44 parture from the C'oaft of England « Courfe, as that your Ships and Veff 44 other, but keep Company together, 44 homeward. And left, if they ha] one from the other, by Tempeft, c 44 not be amifs, that you appoint t( 44 Matters, certain Places, wherein yc 44 Days. And every Ship palling a 44 knowing what is become of the ot 44 upon every Promontory or Cape, : 44 Sight, with a Writing lapped in L 44 Day of their Paffage. And if any 44 left, in this Behalf, fhall appear in 44 Tons, that fhall have Charge of ai ie in Danger any way, by Leak (hoot off a Piece, and prefently her with one Light for a (hort t again 5 thereby to give Know- n her Token. A N E W NAVAL HISTORY: : io. Item, Whenfoever t cr EnGgn in the Mair.-Pn “ Wind to the Fleet after the Difcovery, whereby they are “ feparated, then every Ship to repair unto their hit good “'Port, there to meet again. Cter Course agreed upon. “ The Courfe firfl to be taken for the Difcovery is ti bear diredily to Cape At/e, , the molt Southerly Cape 0 NesrfcundlanJ, and there to harbour ourfclves either ii the Harbour, having been retufed Entrance by the V if, which were filhing within, to the Number of ,6 Sail 3 all Nations. This oblig’d Sir Humphrey to prepare to m t good his Paffage, by Force of Arms ; but bavin* 6^.';! in his Boat to inform the Mailers of the Fiflnnv-brrt that he had a Commiffion from the Queen to take’PolTf fion of thofe Lands for the Crown of England, they m , fatisfied, and fubmitted to the Levying of a Tax of pi" “ from the Fleet to repair to that Place fo tad as God « lhall permit, whether you lhall fall to the Southward or “ to the Northward of it, and there to flay for the Meet¬ 's ing of the whole Fleet the Space of ten Days; and when “ you fhall depart, to leave Marks. vinons from each Ship, tor lupplying th Humphrey’s fmali Squadron: And on the ft pbrey , and his Company, were conducted c Mailers of the Englijh Fifliing- vends, : le General having caufed a Tent to bsfst nil the Ships in the Harbour, to tbs Num- go and 40 Sail, and being accompanitd by A Direction of cur Course ante the Newfoundland. “ Beginning our Courfe from Scilly, the neared is by “ have brought ourfelves in the Latitude of 43 or 44 De- “ grets, fctcaufe the Ocean is fubjecr much to Southerly “ Winds in June and July. Then to take traverie from “ 45 to 47 Degrees of Latitude, if we be inforced by con¬ s' trary Winds ; and not to go to the Northward of the *' Height of 47 Degrees of Septentrional Latitude by no “ means, if God fhall not inforce the contrary; but to do “ your Endeavour to keep in the Height of 46 Degrees, “ fo near as you can poffibly, becaufe Cape Rafe lietn “ about that Height. Poffeflion of thofe Territories. Being affembled, he his Commiffion, under the Great Seal of England, openly read, before them, and to be interpreted tc who were Strangers to the Englifo Tongue. By vii invefted her Majelly with the Title and Dignity thereof! and, having had (according to Cullom) a Rod and a Tut of the Soil delivered to him, entered PoffriTion alio for himfelf, his Heirs and Affigns for ever. He fignihtd to by contrary Winds we be c t of Er,glared, then to repair 1 jr AlTcmbly or Meeting, we he driven back by coni ot pafs the Coaffi of Ireland, t not happen to meet at Cape Reft, then endtzvous to be 2t Cape Breton, or the r unto the Wellward of Cape Bretcn. of other Shipping we may not fafely (lay Territories as appertaining to the Queen of England, and himfelf authorized, under her Majefly, to pofiefs and en¬ joy them; with Power to ordain Laws for the Govern- ment thereof,' agreeable (as near as conveniently could be) to the Laws of England ; under which all People coming thither for the future, either to inhabit, or by Way of Traffick, fhould fubmit and be governed. To exercife this Act of Jurifdiftion, he enafted tint Laws, which were to take Place and be of Force imm:- “ Wtftward; every Ship leaving their Marks behind then for the more Certainty of the After-comers to knov “ where to find them. “ The Marks that every Man ought to leave in fuch “ Cafe, were of the Genera’s private Device, written b “ himfelf, fealed alfo In dofe Wax, and delivered unt “ every Ship one Scrowl, which was not to be openei 'f until Occ2lion required, whereby every Man was cer “ tided.what to leave for Inftruction of After-comers “ that every of us coming into any Harbour or Rive “ might know who had been there, or whether any wer 1. With regard to Religion ; 11 That the public Exer- “ cil’e of it Ihould be according to the Rites of the Church “ of England.” 2. For the Maintenance of her Majelty’s Right and Poffeflion of thofe Territories ; “ That if any Thing rat “ attempted by any one, to the Prejudice thereof, ti: “ Party or Parries offending Ihould be adjudged and at- 11 cuted, as in Cafes of FJigh-treafon, according to tis themfelves, or their Affigns. , „ There now remained only to gather in the Tax “ vifions, granted by every Ship which filhed upon the . adjoining; and while fome .of- the Men were empF , doing this, others were fet to repair or trim the Ships s the Remainder, the General fent to enquire concerning Commodities and Singularities of the Country, w |C to be found by Sea or by Land. m The third of Augul :ry: Having made an exact Obfervation of St. John's Jr, which found it to be in 47 Degrees 40 Minutes, ached Cape Race , which is 25 Leagues diftant, by :t : And from thence failed, in eight Degrees about 87 Leagues towards Cape Briton , with an in- About this Time the Trade to Mufcovy fell into Difcouragement, by means of the Intrigues of otherfi 0>‘, Complete View of t dili-ovcr fotne Coaft of America, not yet pofftffed by “Vwffita Plpmitb on the 27th of April- s they ir" vith the Coaft of Florida, in ihoal Water, on the '?7,A and fmelt a moft delightful Flavour, as if they heen in the Midft of a Garden abounding with the a „anrif“rous Flowers, which was a Sign of being near, hw no Land. Accordingly on the fourth they Jcoverd the Continent, and failed along the Coaft 40 rill thev came 1 to a River where they anchored, U . B on fhore upon the Ifland of Wokohn, on the rmftof °he Country fince called Virginia, in 34 Degrees „f Latitude, they took Poffeffion in Right of Queen Eli- " h ., b and for the Ufe of the Proprietors; and m it they Lin'd Deer, Rabbits, Hares, Fowl, Vines, Cedars, Pines, cTfrw Qrorefs and Maftich-tfees. The Author of the the British Marine entirely new and furprifing, pleafant, and all the Neceffaries of Life ; and the Clim fo temperate, fwect and wholefomc ; the fo charming and fruitful, and all other able, that Paradife itfelf feemed to be then State. They repreftnted they found Grapi dance, as was never any where known; ft: Oaks, and other Timber; Red-cedar, Cy other Evergreens and Sweetwoods, for Ta nefs, exceeding all they had ever heard added, that the native Indians , fo affable, kind, and good-n; Learning, Trades, and Falhior Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 241 n H lender them, by laying violent Hands on difmayed. The Spaniards befought the Captain to lay his “ n0 " . (j, a |i not give Occafion that they may be Command on his Men, to give over the Fight. Cut his » them, •' f orr) by the Favour and Affiltance of Anfwer was, “ That fuch was the Courage of the Engl fa ,i griesi- ^ charge and command our Officers of our “ Nation in Defence of their Lives and Liberties, that they “ f' an j Fortreffts, and all fuch as bear any Audio- “ would make no Scruple of killing him, with them, if .1 our Dominions, and likewife all the common “ he ffiould offer to curb their Fury.” ;; f J? ' t | ut ; n no wife they do moled them, in iuch Their Deck was covered with Spaniards, dead or wound- “ f they be no way offended or wronged. And ed, who lay weltring, or rather fwimming in their own “ I's our Commandment fhail remain inviolable, being Blood ; and their Companions, who were not yet entered, I, 1 ” o crcc i in the Midlt of the Month of Rahil, in the were glad, as fad as they boarded, to retire again, by ‘‘ g ” jumping either into their Boats, or into the Sea, with the ‘ \f this Letter agrees with the loth of March, {f int a "d uncertain Hopes of recovering the Shore. Thus fTJbieh 1, Abdel Rachman el Catan, Interpreter on . e “ cans or otker ’ the Ship was m a very little time f'L Moiefy. have tranflated out of the Arabian, clea J ed ot th , em ; and very few efcaped to give an Account J -L‘Zanli Word for Word as is contained therein, ™i 10re ’ w J hat was bec °™ ot , t 1 hclr Companions. Four if\Vi’rnefs hereof have fubferibed my Name, thcm endeavouring to fcramble up the Ship’s Side, the and m u cnus ' » Captain took Pity of them, and perceiving they were ail “ ‘ Abdel Rachman el Catan. ™ unded ’ ordcr ' d J h ,™ to be taken on-board, and their VVouncis to be drefled by the Surgeon, not knowing th. n i\bouc the lame Time the Queen, by a very furprizing "' b0 thc y ; but it afterwards appeared that one of Incident, got a very convincing and authentic Proof of the was the Corregidor himfelf; and that they had ail Kin" of ipahi 's Treacheries, and hoftiie Intentions againffc buffed their Bofoms with Paper, to defend them againlt Frdimi which hitherto he had fo artfully cover’d and dc- thc Force of die fmall Shot. In this gallant AcTion 2S y It was as follows: The good Ship Primrofe, Capt. E-ngiiJhnen gained a compleat Viftory over 97 Spaniards, Paler of London, Burden iso^Tons, lade.n with Bale- with the Lofs of one Man only killed, and fix wounded. .,oods and delivering the fame at Bilboa, in the Bay of Captain Fofter law it was in vain to ttay any long, r ; and was on the fccond Day after her Arrival vifited by preferring a lmall Evil to a greater, tho’ lie had already a Spslifn Pinnace, in which was the Corregidor, or chief landed upwards of 20 Tons of Goods, and had then two civil Magiftrate of the Province of Bifcay, with fix other Men on-fiiore, fet Sail with all Expedition, and arrived at Petfoas °who feeming all to be Merchants of Bifcay, or Linden on tile 8th of June, with tile Corregidor, and Ins Traders, were readily admitted on-board. They brought other Spanifs Pril'oncrs, tho’ they offered him a confidcrable Cherries with them, and fpoke very friendly to the Cap- Sum t0 be «*-t on-ffiore in any other Place, uin, who entertained them with the belt the Ship afforded. . The Corregidor being alked, during the Voyage, what Soon after the Corregidor, with three of thefc Ferfons, bad induced him to deal thus treacheroufly by the Eng!fa, event back in the Pinnace, leaving the other three Men "’bo were then in Amity with the Spaniards, produced a kinking, and who affedted to be very merry with the Cornmiffion from the King of Spain, for what he had done. i But the Captain miftrufting fome ill Dcfign on him or '• liis Ship, gave private Orders to his own People to be 1 upon their Guard, and at the fame time continued his j friendly Behaviour to his Gueils, without making the k-aft ! Shew of Miftruft. Soon after he perceived a large Boat, ■ in which, as it afterwards appeared, there were 70 Pcrfons, ) and tlie Pinnace, which had brought tire firft feven Pcr- ? funs, with 24 more, making off from the Shore direQly J towards the Ship ; tliefe likewife put on the Appearance of / Bijaym Merchants. The Corregidor, with three or four j ot theft Men, came on-board ; but the Captain feeing their if great Number, and confidering he had but 27 Men in his ,'i Ship, infilled on it that the Remainder fhould continue in : their Boars along-fide. The Spaniards, who were already 5 ““'hoard, as well as they in the Boats, agreed to th” 1 Rfquetf ■, but they foon embracing, as they thought, .. s'. proper Opportunity, at a Signal given by a Drum they e W with them, every Man drew their Weapons, which j? 11,1 !l >™ wne concealed, and boarded the Ship on all Sides ii a once, with great Fury ; feme planting themfclves in i leveral p arts 0 f t b e ship, the better to maintain their Hold 1 ™ e others waited for the Word of Command. 1. \l 1e Corrcguior, who now difeovered himfelf, and had . Jj Oificer Handing by him, with a white Wand in his i ™?> cri «> out to the Captain, Field, for you are the 1 ag j Prifiner. The Captain at the fame time gave the .4 fgnal to his Men, by calling out. We are betrayed. The u P on this pointed their Daggers to the Captain’ ■ h-M and Threatened him with immediate Death, if he 0: .. »> Men offered to make any Refiltance. But the Men ™ inquifition would be their Lot, if they ihould a Tranilation. The King of Spain’.! CommiJJon for a general Embargo lo be laid on the Engliffi, &c. directed to his Majefty's Corn- gidor of the Seignory of Bifcay. “ I have caufed a great Fleet to be put in Readinefs in “ the Haven of Lifbon, and in the River of Seville ; and “ there is required for the Soldiers, Armour, Victuals, and “ Munition, which are to be employed in the lame great “ Store of Shipping, of all forts, againfl: the time ot Ser- “ vice ; and to thc end there may be Choice made of the “ belt, upon Knowledge of their Quantities and Qualities, “ I do therefore require you, that immediately alter the te Arrival of this Courier, and with as much Difiimuiation “ as may be (that your Defign may not be known, till it this “ be puc in Execution) that you give Orders for the Stop- " ping and Arreiting (with all poffibic Furefight) all cite Shipping that ffiali be found upon the Coait, and in ■■ ’ -. ’ aillol- “ thc Ports of the faid Seignory, excepting no “ land, Zealand, Eafterland, Gennanr, England, “ Provinces thac are in Rebellion againft me, laving chol'e “ of France, which being of fmall Burden, and no Force, “ are deemed unfit for die Service. “ And they being in this manner flopped, you are to “ have efpecial Care that fuch Merchandifes, as the faid “ Ships or Hulks luve brought, whether they be all or “ part unladen, may be taken out, and thac the Armour, “ Munition, Tackling, Sails, and Provifions, may be fafely “ bellowed ; and alio that you have Care, that none of he or “ the faid Ships or their Men efcape. All which Things exprefs for that Purpofe, of your Proceed- - ■' ’ plain — 1 ” -.—-the word; of Captivity, ... p t!lc Attt mpt s and feizing their Javelins, Lan- v»„ n' rpe , ars ’ and ocher w "ap°"s> laid about them fo 1 ‘ h,1C evcr '' Stroke either killed a Spaniard, or of°thr | tW ° 01 tbrce ot " t,lem ’ nt0 Inactivity- Some Arm, m l. P were undef the Hatches, having five fmall “I'oiwl e WerC ad tke y bad charged in Readinefs, fired I'iyinm P Spaniards through the Gratings, and continued •• rney nave on-ooaru t lo tne enc dual h"''.' lo ,' varml y w kh their Shot, that they con- “ thereof, having made Choice of tne Number of the Crew was Tar greater, and grew “ Service, I may farther direft you “ ffiali have, in fuch manner, flopped on your Coafts and “ Parts, mis. whence every fuch Ship, belonging to my “ Rebels, is comer Of what Burden they are, and what “ Goods are in them ? What Number of Men is in every “ one of them ; and what Quantity of Armour, Ordnance, “ Munition, Provifions, Tackling, and other Nrceff.irirs “ they have on-board ? To thc end that upon the Sight ’ ing made Choice of fuch as Ih.ili be lit lor lay farther direct you wh.it you have to do. A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: «3 alfo caufe them to be Wind flacking, the Fleet came to Anchor before Hopped and arrefted, according to the fame Order, ufing and the Admiral preparing to furpnze that City by, therein ibch Care and Diligence, as may fhe Con- ™n ^ :o fee this my Command im- which the Admiral made a Prize, and ordered the FifW diftributed amongft the whole Fleet. Two Days af [Er ^ Fleet :o Anchor before j ual M; their Head, was metin'theVi?. fcnt by the Governor to demai>j t:ie Kcuion ot their coming into that Port, whomthtAd Treaties, fo manifeftly difcovered in miral detain’d ; and fent Capt. Sampfin to demand of fe on, remov’d all Scruple in the EvgUJb Governor, whether he knew that there were any Wars k- Conduft with Spain: And as herMa- tween Spam and England? and why the Englijb Mcrckn, i Sati'-faction for her Snbjefis in a more and their Ships, were arrefted and detain’d in the Ha. e immediately granted Letters of Re- hours of Spain ? To which the Governor replied, thatb the taking and arrefting all Ships and Merchan- knew oi no Wars between thole Nations; and that he hi mierht be found at Sta or elfewhere, belonging received Command from his tpanijb Majefty to dilchao- " ' r the Kino- of Stain ; and fent Sir Francis all Evgiifa Merchants, Goods and Ships; confirming lil: , , i ...r.L . in-r c,;i nf lame hv the Atrrftation of rhnfe Envlijb lV“" k . 1 Command fror all Englijb Merchants, Goods ; Admiral, with a Fleet of 21 Sail of lame by the Atteftation of thofc Englijb Merchants,^ War to annoy tint Monarch in the Weft-Indies, in trading at Bayonne, 3 cut oil, or to prevent the Supplies fent yearly from The Night approaching, and the Admiral with his Boa in Gold and Silver to Old Spain. bcm S advanced almoft to the City, thoughc it molt ti ; FieeCthe Names of whofe Ships and Comman- vifcabie to land for that Nighc; and accordingly fa, -re as follows: lodg’d alhore in a convenient Place, and under a prop; : ain Marlin Forlifb'r Vice-admiral, a Man of great Guard, he was prefented by the Governor with a Regaled Experience in fca-faring Aflions, and had had chief Bread, Wine, Oil, Apples, Grapes, Marmalade, Sr. Afcm; Command of manv Ships himfeif, in fundry Midnight the Weather ovtrcafting, it ’ ' ’ out to Sea, and the Speedwell as tar den Temped. This Storm continued End of which Lieutenant-general Ci with his own and three more Ships to 1 amongft other Booty he feized in a Boai gilc, a, Voyages before,being now ihipped in the Primrcfe -, * ar y t0 make the belt of Captain Francis Kttollis, Rear-admiral in the Galliot they could recover the Ships, Lnajter ; *“.‘ ’ Mr.fcsarat Fenner, Captain in i\itE!izebelb-Ber.a~e::!ure, under the General Mr. Edward IFir.ter, Captain in the Fid ; Mr. Cbrijtcpbsr Carlijle the Lieutenant-general, Captain in the Tyger ; Henry White, Captain of the Sea-dragon ; Thaos Drain, Captain of the Thomas-, Thaos Seely, Captain of the Minicn ; — Bailey, Captain of the Bark Talbot ; Robert Crofs, Captain of the Bark Bond ; George Fertefcule, Captain of the Bark Bo Edward Carelefs, Captain of the Hope ; James Erizo, Captain of the IFbite-Iion -, Thomas Mesne, Captain of the Francis -, John Rivers, Captain of the Vantage ; John Vaughar., Captain of the Drake -, Join Varney, Captain of the George ; John Martin, Captain of the Benjamin-, -d Gilman, Captain of the Sc ■Haw, nd other Church-furniture. He was follow'd by fe Fleet, and they all anchor’d a little above F/pu take in freili Water, which was permitted by the Goran of Galicia, who on this Occafion was march’d into tint Neighbourhood with 2000 Foot and 300 Horfe; a promife that the Englijb, having taken on-board ivli Water they wanted, and other Provifions to be provide! by the Spaniards for ready Money, would depart tram tk Coaft. Admiral Drabs leaving thefe Parts, bent his Courfe a ward Cape Verd //lands, whete h : “ J — - 1 ” :he 16th of ifr Tom SI. fa called Plaje or Praje. A thoufand Mo, Richard Hawkins, Captain of the Galliot, called the under the Command of Lieutenant-general Carlijk, fact! Dock-, here in the Evening, furprized St. Jago, the chief Tom, — Bitfield, Captain oF the Swallow. lacked the Place, and carried off a confiderable Booty if Thefe carried 2300 Men, Seamen and Soldiers, under their Gold, Meal, Wine and Oil. And. after a Stay of aha proper Land-officers; who were fourteen Dayr, neither the Governor, nor the Bifhop, w Mr. Cbrifiopber Carlijle Lieutenant-general, a Man of any of tile Inhabitants, either of the Town or Ifland, com- iong Experience in the War, as well by Sea as ing near them, to entreat fome Favour for the Place, ffij Land, and had formerly carried high Offices in destroy’d the Town, and ail the Houles in the adjacea both Kinds in many Fights, which he difeharged Country, with Fire, fparing none but the Hofpital. always very happily, and with great good Repu- From hence they fail’d for Dominica: But foonio tation; their Departure from the Ifland there died near 300 Mu Anthony Powell Serjeant-major; of a burning Fever and continual Ague; and many its Capt. Matthew Morgan, and Capt. John Sampfim, Cor- recovered of this Diftemper were nr' ^ nnIV u ' porals of the Field. a iong tii— 7 - ■ L: - r '--- 1 -- ~ ’ ir the reft of the Land- ' --- Thefe Officer captains, whofe Names hereafter follow; Capt. Anthony Plat ; Capt. Edward Winter ; Capt. John Goring ; Capt. Robert Pew -, Capt. George Barton ; Capt. John Merchant-, Capt. HTUiam Cecil ; Capt. Walter Bigs -, Capt. John Hamam-, Capt. Richard Stanton. This Fleet fail’d from Plymouth on I 5S5, for the Coaft of Spain, ftriclly freih Water, it foil'd Weftward to St. Kits, " went alhore, and /pent their Cbrijtmas, without feeing 1 ’ Inhabitant. On the ill: of January, in pursuance of a Ke» taken by a Council of War held in the Holidays, they “ rived at Hifpardola, and landed about 1200 Men Lieutenant-general Carlijle, on a convenient Beach, * ' 10 Miles from the City of St. Domingo -, which, routed 150 Spanijb Horfe, and an Ambulh of Mufqne - fent to impede their March, the Englijb entered pul-'_ with the Spaniards at the Wcftern Gate, while the Jo'. people in great Fear ran out by the North Gate- . ilution’of the Englijb to march with fo mu™ ^ by the Way: amongft which was a French Brig, deferred dity into the very Mouths of their Cannon, "hkh by its Crew, and detain’d by the Admiral, to ftrve him as to do fome Execution, ” l a 1 aider 5 and a Spanijb Banker, la n with Poor Jack , They now m Market-pl* i 5 2 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY; they work any Form of Bead, or Fowl, or Fifli, in Gold, with their Canoes to give them Come Divcrfm, t i,„ — r "" a D —and Colour in Leave, the Admiral giving them a Gun at tC "' : he juft Pr r, or Silk, with ail every Part, and giving i- -.- - excellent Painter can do, or Nature herfelf bellows on the June 24. They let fail, and living Original: And ’ris plain, that thefe Men muft Manilla, fleering North-weft bet bring a very gainful Trade to Manilla, fince they made a Gu " at i n a j°ng the C 03 |! e 1 Hand Majbat : _re of Gold than they did; for, as they brought great ceived the Spaniards to keep a drift Watch, ^ Quantities of that precious Metal along with them, fo they Fires, and difeharging their Pieces all Night long "If 1 ? exchanged it there Weight for W'eight for Silver. taken the Alarm of their Coming. The illand The fame 14th Day in the Evening they entered the a plain level Country in many Places, affording v Srreighrs, between the Hand Lucsn, and the Hand of and ftrait Trees for the making Ship-mafts, and h!rj C Contain. The 15th, they fell in with the Hand of Capa!, feveral Mines of very fine Gold, which are in Cufl d- palling a very narrow Streight between that Idand and an- the Indians. To the Southward of it lies the Mw “ oiher,° in which the Tide was cor.fidtrably great, and a Negroes, a very large Hand, almoft as bfe as £»,/ f Ledge of Rocks lay on one Side them off the Point of and in 9“ North Latitude. It appeared to be the mof f-’ Capa’, but they paffed without Danger. Within the Point of it low Land, and very fruitful; the People are min was a fair Bay, and a good Harbour, in four Fathom Slaves to the Spaniards, nor any other Nation but is Water, within a Cable’s Length' of the Shore. About own entire Matters. June 29. at fix in the Mornino A- ten in the Morning they came to Anchor, and prefently a fet fail, palling through the Streight between Pimm a] Canoe rowed up to them, in which was one of the feven Negro Hand, when, having made about fixeecn chief Cafupcs of the Hand ; they paffed for Spaniards with they found a fair Opening in the Streight, tendin» thefe People, who, according to their ufual Way of trading weft and by South ; about this time their Brut, uft' with them, came and brought their Cocoas and Potatoe- they had fent out before them in the Morning, cai ’ roots to the Englijb in like manner. They gave them a them again, in which the Admi" 1 r —- - " Yard of Linnen-c'oth for four Cocoas, and as much for afhore, with a Meffage to his Capiam, who i about a Quart of Potatoes, which, in that Hand, arc very Ship that lay at Panama the Night before, lweet and excellent Meat, either roafted or boiled. The was to this Effeft : that he Ihould be fure to Caji'pae that came aboard them had his Skin ftreaked, and Store of Gold againft the Admiral came thai painted full of very ftrange Devices all over his Body; they kept him with them, and defired him to fend fon of his Indian Servants, that managed his Canoe, to go an .. ' " ’ er Cafques - ”■ “■ling, came up 10 Cad rery quickly ca co their Reqi t, and ae intended to make him a Vific at Manilla, \r, : being a long Voyage, would deferve good Entertainm: i and farther, that he had certainly come now and' wti: le of his golden Bags in an Englijb Pair t er Boat to land hi en upon fc Hand. Fcbmary 8, they faw in the Morning the Ilia] Batocbina, which lies, near Gilolo, and is in f Ncm ..eleven or t«b: irgc Train of the People of the Hand, brought vaft Numbers of Hogs and Hens, and a ’ Market of Cocoas and Potatoes; and now the E;. nothing elfe to do for all that Day but to deal v. People, who loirl to them just as tney did to the Spaniards, Sea; they lie near the Moluccas, aim me in 3 ioaca viz. eight Rials of Plate for a Hog, and one for a Hen. Latitude. Here a juft Execution was performed upon a Spanijh Pilot Having patted the Screights of Java Major and jlfa, taken in the great Si. Anne, who had plotted to betray they anchored, on the ill of March , under the S.fV, them into the Hands of the Spaniards, for which he was Parts of Java Major, where they faw lome People Sfc; banned. in a Bay under the Hand ; the Admiral lent out the Be They lay about this Hand of Capa! for about nine Days, to them, in which was a Negro, that could fpeak ib ..- -d with frefh Victuals, good Morcfco Tongue, which is much ufed in Java ; but thy, Pczcr.s d Wood. The 1 3 are Lid both t. -fhip and ci of being common, and hardly p cept in Pegu. They make a Perfora Sea-fide, when the Negro called, and directed drain find frefh Water, and carried a Meflage Irorn the Admird ut tneir wains, ana an- to the King, Certifying him, that he was come thither a ind fo under the Twift, traffic for Victuals, or any valuable Commodities that fct The Rice of Circum- Hand afforded. March 11, there came nine or tent! I them ; befides which, the King’s Canoes, as full laden with all forts of ProviSia, tion, which is far from as they could fwim. They brought them Oxen, Hog!, fed any-where elfe, ex- Hens, Geel'e, Eggs, Sugar, Cocoas, Plantanes, Oranga, \ sregu. Tney make a Perforation quite through the Lemons, Wine, and Aqua-vitae. Two Pirlugutft of the Penis with a Nail of Tin fplit in the lower - came to fee them, and to inquire about their King dutsa, End, and riveted, which they order fo as to take out, then in England, gave them a large Account of the Mo¬ und put in again, as they have Occafion. They invented ners and Cuftoms of thefe People. The King of chat Pat this for a Prevention of a certain unnatural Crime, which of the Illand was a Man of whom his Subjects flood fl the Men of the Hand were it feems horribly addifted to ; exceeding Awe, and who exercifed fo abfolute a Po“ and it was done at the humble Petition of the Women, over them, and all they had, that no Man dared fo m® who laid the Cafe before the Magiftratcs, and obtained this as make a Bargain without his Leave; and, if nny ® Remedy. On the 23d, the Admiral fummoned all the prefume to do it, he paid for it wich his Blood. I® Cojcaes of this Hand, and ot one Hundred more, (which Prince had 100 Wives (as his Son had 50) who m? had paid him Tribute) to appear before him; and here poffibly be very happy as long as he lives, but cannot!- he difeovered himfelf, and his Company, to them, telling fo any longer; for, he being dead, the Body burnt, » them, that they were Englijb, and the greateft Enemies the Royal Allies laid up in an Urn, within five Days » the Spaniards had in the World. At the fame time he this, the Tragedy of his Wives begins and ends; tbj - generoufiy gave them back in Money the Value of all the of them go to an appointed Plaee, where, when tb}' j Tribute he had received, and which'was paid by them in come, the favourite Wife throws a Ball out of hern®’ Hogs, Cocoas, Potatoes, and the like. This unexpefted which, where it refts, marks out the Place of then' 1® ' Favour of the Admiral furpriied the whole Affcmbly of Being come thither, they turn their Faces to the baa, Caf.zues ; they admired his Bounty and Generality, and and, with their Daggers, ftab themfelves to the rk'' engaged to affift him with all the Forces of their refpeftivc and taking out Handfuls of their own Blood, bd [,lf - ar[ d Dominions, whenever he would begin a War with the Bodies with it, and thus they die. This barbarous J Spaniards m tnoic Pans; and fo, no fefs pleafed with find- crifice of themfelves to the Ghoft of their dead Hom¬ ing them to be Englijb, than with the Kindnefs they had are the Queens of Java oblged to make, by the L “®j received from them, having rowed about the Ship a while of their Country. The Men of this Hand are very, ^ Or , Complete View of the British Marine. 257 “ Eyes upon this Mark, as we are bound, I do command, Ships. Salras. TV Gtflpufcom Squadron, commanded by a # m '0ghtldeOjtumb — — —5 4 Tlic Squadron of Italian Ships, commanded 7 by Don Martin de Fertendomm — —5 Ban' Antonio de Mendoza'% Squadron — 4 19 dm Juan ie Medina’s Squadron of Ureas, 7 or Hulks — — — — — — 5 The Squadron of Don Diego de Flores de-, Valdez, confiding of Ships from St. Lucar (14 4 and the Indies — — — — — J The Squadron of Pataches, commanded by 7 Don Alonzo Flores — — _ *3 Ships go 47 Sabras and Pataches 47 Galeafles, commanded by Don Hugo de Mon- 7 faia — — — — — — —5 4 Galleons, commanded by Don Diego de Me- 7 >45 ...uch defire every one, to give Charge u mu ult “ Inferiors, and thofe under their Charge, to embark “ themfelves, being ihriven k , and having received tlie “ Sacrament with competent Contrition for their Sins: “ By the which Contrition, and Zeal to do God fetch great “ wil1 carI 7 and guide us to his great Glory: “ Which^ is, that which particularly and principally is “ In like manner, I do charge and command you, to “ have particular Care, that no Soldier, Mariner, or other, “ that ferveth in this Army, do blafphemc, or rage againft “ God, or our Lady % or any of the Saints, upon Pain “ that he lbali therefore fharply be corredled, and very “ well chaftened, as it fltall feem belt unto us: And for “ other Oaths of lefs Quality, the Governors, in the fame “ Ships they go in, fhall procure to remedy all: They “ (hall punifh them in taking away their. Allowance of “ Wine, or otherwife, as they (hall think good. And for “ that the mod Occafions come by Play, you (hall pub- “ lickly prohibit it, efpecially the Games that are forbid- “ den: And, that none do play in the Night, by no The Difference between the 13 Pataches, faid to be (ommanded by Don Alonzo Flores, of which we find no Mention made in any other Lifts; but if thefe Pataches be tvliat, in fome Authors are called Caravels, of which 20 ate mentioned for the Service of the Fleet; the Diffe¬ rence between the Lifts would not be very great, c.ea.. -i.„ Mariners and Soldiers above-mentioned, with Befides tin “ And to avoid Inconveniences that might enfue in this Army and Force of his Majefty, if that thefe here written were not put for Remedy, by thefe Prefents, I do com¬ mand, that, particularly and generally, all Quarrels, Angers, Defiances, and Injuries, that are, and have been, before this Day, and until the Publication hereof, of all iv i-xe , - -. - Perfons, as well by Sea as Land, of greater or lefs Qua- ibeir refpective Officers, there were 124 Volunteers, of the “ litres, be fupprefied and fufpended, fo that none goetli chief Quality and Families of Spain, attended by 456 Ser- “ in this Army for the time that this Voyage continueth vims bearing Arms j and 238 Gentlemen maintained by “ and Jafteth, although they be old Quarrels: Yet, for my King, with 263 Servants-, 177 Perfons, with two En- “ exprefs Commandment, lhall break’this Truce and For- eers, one Phyfictan, one Surgeon, and 30 Servants, be- “ bearance of Arms, direftly, or indiredtly, upon Pain of. longing to the Artillery; 85 Phyficians and Surgeons, for “ Difobedience, and incurring into High-trealonb and die the Hofpital-fhips; 180 Churchmen, Dominicans, Fran- “ therefore. Flagellans and Jefuits ; 23' Gentlemen belonging “ In like manner, I do give Charge, that aboard the totheDuke s Court, and 50 Servants; 17 Supe'rihtendants : “ Ships there be not any one thing offered to the Difgrace General ot the Army ; and 100 Servants more, beloneine “ of any Man. “ Declaring herewithdl, that there cannot be any Dif- “ grace imputed to any Man for any Thing that fhall be “ offered, nor yet be a Reproach, whatfbever happeneth “ aboard any Ship. “ And for that it is known, that great Inconveniences , “ and Offence groweth unto’God, by confentirig that'eom- Ene- “ mon Women, and fuch like, go’in like Armies: “ I do ordain and command, that there be none em- . barked nor carried in the Army: And if that any will , --—- “““• “■ —, ■». —«JT - carry them, I do command the Captains and Matters of te more particularly feen in the following Copy of the “ the Ships, not to confent thereto: Whofo doth, of dif- r ers by the Duke of Medina a . “ fetnbleth therewith,-fhall be grievoufly punithed. Lord of ih 7 ’ CaCheflne m Afnea, “ give’ t he gO'dd’Mofrow a by the Main-matt, and at Se of tr l f “ Night the xftie Maria ' d , and fume’Days the Salve Re- Mai l r ff?d°ftb,sArmyofb's « gina ‘: Or, at leaff, the Saturdays with a Litany: SV & ° f 0f “ And 1 for’afnVu'ch’ as- it importeth for the Prtftrvifion ‘ . “ and gobd Succefs of this Army, that there be between ‘I do ordain and command, that the General-matters, “ the Soldiers and Mariners much confirmed Friehdlhip, of the Field, all Captains, Officers of the Camp, and. “ and fuch Amity, 'that there’ be not any Difference, nor oMhe Sea, Pilots, Matters, Soldiers, Mariners, and “otherOccafionsqfmurmuring,IcbmmandittdBe.pub- lilhed, that no Body do carry any Dagger, nor thwart one' another, or give’any Occafions, But that all do obey the fuperior Officers: And if any Scandal of Offence • •• come', he that was the Beginner, fhaU‘ftfaightiy be. to fie ubderftood “ punifhed.' L.n. -- .i’- t—n- when the Galleon St'.' Marten, wherein myfelf go, “ Admiral of this Fleet, doth make a Sign with a Piece “ of Ordnance, it fhall be a Sigh of Departure for the. “ whole Fleet, that, founding their Trumpets, (hall.follow to the Offices of Juftice. Not only the Strength and exceeding great Warlike Pre- ' parations, already deferibed, but the political and military ' Orders to preferve good Harmony among the Soldiers and. Sailors, and due Obedience from - both, to their refpedtive Commanders; and to avoid all Confufion, in cafe of a Storm, or other difaftrous Accident, fhew that our Ene- '1 had taken all the Precautions that human Prudence d conceive to accomplifh their Schemes, for the Ruin iur Eftablifhment both in Church and State; as' „ 9®“ rs > and whatsoever other People, for the Land -’ta-fervice cometh in this Army, all the time that it „ “ du reth, fhall be thus governed, as hereafte'r folldweth,, “ Fir A and before all Things,__ „ y al1 tl >e above-named, from the higheft to'the Ioweft, that the principal Foundation and Caufe,. that have. „ ® ove< I the King his Majefty to make and - continue this. „ J° u ™y, hath been, and is, to fetve. God,-and-to return ,. lmt0 his Church a great many of' contrite Souls, that are oppreifaj by the Hereticks, Enemies to our holy „ a j. lic Faith, which have theffi-Subje&s to tlieir Softs and Unhappinefs: And for that every one may fix his 1 without lofing.Time, and without coming foul of* each * other, and cutting,Sail, (hall do the like : Having great ‘ Care of the Sands’and Catchops, carrying their Boats and 1 Skiffs ready for any Thing that may happen. on by Thomas Qnvin, in 158S i te Virgin Mary. A C Cufiom ililf'obferved Uu’c W NAVAL H I S T O Sea-board, every Ship ihall “ Sails, he fhall fhew Lights, Or, Complete View of the Britis.h Mari n e. 2.6 5 „ ■ t j je i r Top-fails, ftaid thcmfelves there, to make as it “ were a certain Experience of their Manhood, upon the „ 'spatith Fleet, behaving tliemfelvcs honourably for a Sai'on. In which time the Triumph, being to the Northward of the Spanijh Fleet, was fo far off, that 11 doubting that certain of the Spanijh Ships would admit “ her to the Windward, they fuccoured her with divers 11 Boats, that got the Wind eafily; for the Bear and the 11 Elaakib-Jonas, even at one Infant, having Knowledge n cf the Danger wherein the other were, drew near unto 11 them, defiring both in regard of the Honour of their ‘I Common-wealth, and alfo for the Prefervation of their 11 friends and Countrymen, to be Partakers of the like *| Danger and Difficulty. “ Whereupon each Ship doing her Duty, they jointly “ faved the Triumph from all Harm, and recovered the “ Wind. And thus this Day’s work ended; whereof I “ may fay, that the Conflict: was no whit Ihorter than the *| Day itfelf. “ At this prefent the Englijhmen confidering the great Waite of Powder and Shot that had heretofore been “ made, the Lord Admiral determined not to affault the “ Enemy any more, until he were come nigh unto Dover, “ in which Place he knew he fliould find the Fleet under “ the Charge of the Lord Seymer and Sir William Winter, “ who were ready to join with him, that thereby he might “ both fortify himfelf with a greater Number of Ships, “ and in this manner provide themfelves of Munition, from “ that Part of the Realm. Upon Friday therefore, being “ the 26th of the Month, ceafing from Fighting, the Lord “ Admiral (as well for their good Deferts and honourable “ Service, as alfo to encourage others to like Valour) was “ dclirous to advance certain Perl'onages to the Degree of “ Knighthood, for that, behaving themfelves manfully as “ well with their Ships as their good Advice, they were “ worthy that Degree of Honour; and fo much the more “ worthy, in that, being far feparated from all courtly “ Favour, which many times imparteth the chiefeft Ho- “ nours unto the lead deferring Men, they declared their “ Valour in the Eyes of either Fleet. “ Therefore the two Lords, viz. the Lord Howard, “ and the Lord Sheffield s Roger Tomfend, John Hawkins, “ and 'Marlin Forbijher were called forth, and the Order “ of. Knighthood given them, by the Lord Admiral, as “ their General. “ This Day there ca “ in her Fleet, divers “ Blood and Place, but much more in refpecl of their “ Courage and Virtue, for that, in thele public Affairs “ and fo neceffary Service of the Wars, they willingly “ offered their Service ,in the Defence of their Country and “ Honour of her Majefty. “ This Day alfo, and the next, being the 27th, the “ Spaniards followed their Coutfe quietly, before the Eng- “ lijb Fleet. In which time, the Earl of. Suffex, the Lord “ Buckhurjl, Sir George Cary, Knt. and the Captains of the “ Forts and Cattles thereabout, fent their Men with Pow- “ der, Shot and Victuals, to the Lord Admiral, to affift “ and help the Army. The fame Saturday towards the “ Evening, the Spaniards drew nigh to Calais under the “ Coaft of Picardy, and there fuddenly call Anchor, almoft “ right againft the Left-handi of. the Haven, to the Weft- “ ward, a'little lefs thaniive.Miles from Calais Cliffs. The “ Englifi Fleet alfo call Anchor, within a Culverin-lhot of “ Enemy to the-Weftward. , - “ In the mean Seafon, the Lord Seymer and Sir William “ Winter joined with the .Lord Admiral, whereby the “ Engiijh Fleet increafed to the Number of 140 Ships, of “ a jl forts. But the Spaniards, with all Speed, fent Ti- “ dings unto the Duke of Parma of their Arrival, who at “ 'Hs prefent was at Bruges-, who, having, retained with 1 “ him all his feafaring Men, many Days before to this “ Purpofe, yet proceeded no farther in the Matter for that 11 time, although for fuch time as the King had limited ' “ him, he for his Part took as much Care as might be ‘ teokedTorat his Hands. For, having already embarked " a terrain Number of his Soldiers, he was careful in like to difpatch the red, as fonn as they fliould be¬ at they might take Opportunity to come forth; hem abundantly with Victuals .md Munition. frullratc, not only iiis, but the Conceit alfo ol the Duke of Medina, and wholly overthrew their Enterprfa, in her Majefty w.i_ ... ... “ Mind, concerning the Succefs of thefe Affairs, albeit “ Ihe herfclf had committed her whole Fortune into the “ Hands of Almighty God. “ Moreover, alio the Lord Admiral, having, by cer- “ tain Notice, underftood, that the Duke of Parma had “ prepared a great Number of Tons of Water, and 10,000 “ chofen Footmen, to be embarked for the joining with “ the Fleet, which could not be avoided, if the Duke of “ Medina were not compelled to avoid that Place ; know- “ ing alfo the evident Peril, that was to be feared, if the “ Spanijh Fleet (hould be fuffered to relrclh itfelf, and to “ be lurnilhed with fo many Soldiers, he applied bis Wits “ fo, in the Deliberation ol thefe Matters ot Weight ai d “ Importance, having the Confent of others more prac- “ tifetl, that no Time might be loft, for the Furthtmce “ of this Service; and, for fo much as the Forces of the “ Enemy were not yet united and joined together, there- “ fore the 28th of this Month, at Midnight, he provided “ eight fmall Ships, dreffed with artificial Fire *, to the “ Intent to drive the fame upon the Spanijh Fleet. This “ Thing was diligently and e fa flu ally brought to pais, “ under the Charge of Captain Toting and Captain Pr. ti/1, et two valiant and courageous Men. By rcafon l ereol, “ the Enemy was not only inforced to break his Sleep, “ but, the Fire coming fo fuddenly upon him, (not re- “ membering himfelf, at the very inftant Time, of any “ other Remedy, either more fate for himfelf, or more “ excufabie) to cut his Cables, to let flip his Anchors, and “ to hoift up Sails, as the only wav to fave his Fleet from “ fo imminent and unexpected a Mifchief. Furthermore, “ by means of this Tumult and Conlufion (which, in “ truth, was very great) the chief Galliafs fell foul with “ another Ship, upon the Cable of whole Anchor, her “ Stern was fet fo fail, that they could not loofe her all “ the Night long, fo that the next Day following Ihe was “ inforced with her Oars to make toward the Land, and to “ draw nigh to the Haven’s Mouth of Calais, to fave herfclf “ in that Place ; but, not knowing that Water, and having the Service of her Majefty, “ no profitable and convenient Counfel for the Time, (lie 1 " 1 >th by “ fell upon.a Shelf. ThisThing being, ir, good time, cfpied C .1. ■ .1 by the Lord Admiral, he fent thither his greatcll Boat, ‘ under the Charge of shnicus Prejlon his Lieutenant, and ' together with him, Thomas Girrard and Mr, Harvie, * two ot her Majeily’s Gentlemen and Servants, and 1 others of the Court, and of his own Servants, who ! fought with her, but unequally, for that the Ship be- 1 ing gravelled, could, with her Force, prevail hut little. ■ In this Conflict it chanced that a Mulket-lhot ftruck ; Hugo de Monfada, chief Captain of the Galliafs, a noble '■ and valiant Man, in the Head. The which Mifliap, ; joined with' the Difficulty of ftirring themfelves in their Defence, bred fuch a Defpair in every Man, that the : greater fort leaped into the Water, to fave themfelves by fwimming into the plaven, although many of them perilhed in the Water. By this Diforder of the Enemy, the Englijhmen being more fccure, took her, and lacked her to their great Commodity, above too Men being entered into her, and their Company increafing" more and more. “ Whereupon Monfieur Gordon , Governor of Calais, 3 a Man of good 'Eftimation in refped of his Prerogative in that Place, fent his Nephew to give the Engtjhmm to underftand, that they fliould content themfelves with the ordinary Spoil, and that they fliould leave behind them the great Ordnance, as a Tiling belonging unto him. by virtue of his Office. The which Embafiage, fent the fecond time unto Men more intentive unto their . Prey than other Mens Reafon, made the Gentleman to be evilly entertained by our Men, in fuch fort, that they would have forceably taken from him fome trilling that Fire-iliips were ufed in a Sea-fight. Jbis vxs the Lord’s Doing, and it was marvellous in our qu. Pfalm cxviii. The very Day the laft Engagement was between the two Fleets, the Duke of Parma , having paid his Ad- drefles to our Lady of Hall , came to Dunkirk , tho’ fome- latelt; for which Reafon the Spaniards re- a very reproachful Manner, as if, out of fome Queen Elizabeth , he had purpofely flipp’d ortunity of doing Wonders for the Service of The Duke, to aDoeafe this Storm, Dunifh’d from the Spanifi and Popery Ty a-part, by Authority, to be kej Majefty’s Dominions •, and it is fo great a Mercy and Duty flioi as a certain great Writer obfer Women, who would not have b Baal, had then been put to i had been tolled at the Pike’s dallied out by fome ill-faced A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: age, provided her Majefty would keep a Gxth of My to meet him, with nine of h age, provided her Majefty would keep a Gxth of My to meet him, with nine of his Regimen.;, 1 ShiDS at Sea. to affift them in cafe of leaving the other five with Sir Francis Drake, to guard r. ^ Artillery and the Cloifter. Thefe marched in three fo joined by the States of Holland in this and Captain Middleton having given the firlf Charge, nt two Ships well equip’d, to follow the feconded by Captain Wingfield, who beat them from l>| a; , 272 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: •f St. Sebsfimn and the nain Land; But the Englijb, for . nr of a good Boat, and by reafon of the bad Weather, could neither board her, nor go on ihore. So that lhaping their Courfe, in extream Mifcry, for the Iflands of Cape Verd, ana fo to the Azores, the Canaries being fomewhat out of their Courfe, the firft Land they made ' as the Wand of Ali&nej. They re might be conjectured from feveral Infcriptions of CRn and CROATAN, that they were removed to thatlilari^ about 20 Leagues South of Roamock. ' In this Search one of tire Boats overfet; by which a c . cidenc Captain Spicer, and fix of the belt Sailors itc-- drowned. On the Spot, where Mr. Whitt had left hj . ."„n..-•'■he Ph. about Companions, their Houle was pull. ' is ftrongiy inclo 1 " J ’ ' alfo found feve high Paili . _ _ )een agreed in cafe of Did refs. They feveral Iron-bars, two Pigs of Lead, four Fowl. , fome Iron-lhor, (sic. fcattered carcltlly, rer-grown with Weeds; but no Ordnance. Therefore it as refolved to weigh Anchor, and to fleer for Cratss- but a Storm arifing, which made them part'from thdt . Anchors, and drove them all to Sea, the Want of An- chors, and the Scarcity of Provifions, altered their formtr 'e for Hifpamia or Tri. k the belt of his Way eight Miles to the Weft of Cherbourg in Normandy, whe her only Anchor flte had left coming home, and having no more than fix Men left, Ihe run on the Rocks and Iplit: But the fmall and miferable Remains of this unhappy Com¬ pany, being only four ErgHJbmtn, were laved. Her Majefty, early in the Year 1590, repeated her Ef¬ forts againft Spain-, and fent ten Ships of her own, in two Squadrons, the one to be commanded, by Sir John Ham- kins, the other by Sir Martin Fsrbifitr. Thefe Ships were the Ravage, the Mary-Rofe, the Lion, Refolution ; and the Bsna-aenrnrc, the Rainbow, the Hope, the Crane, the mdada, while the Vice-admiral Acquittance, the Fcrejtgbt, and the Swiftfare. Befldes the for England^ ^ ^ d ' 1 f 11 ' others in thefe Fleets, the following renowned Captains, Ships bound from Mexico to the Han anna, one of which”, Sir Edward Tcrk, Captain Fcr.nw, Captain George Beejlon, after a fmart Engagement, he took off of Cape St. Antem. Captain Bofioei, and Captain Burnell. with the Lofs of his Lieutenant, and four Men kill’d; tbj This fo alarmed the King of Spain, that he fent out Captain’s Right-arm, and lixteen Men wounded. In this twenty Sail of Ships, under the Command of Don Alon/o Prize, fcarce able to fwim for the Holes made in her Sides de Bajfan, Brother to the famous Marquis of St. Crux, with the Englijb great Guns, they found thirteen Pipes of to fecure home the Indian Fleet and Carracks. However, Silver^ and much rich Merchandife; Miich being handed Ships to ten of ours, he fent for Den Akr.Jo back again, made the beft of his way”for the Wefiern Iflands, and there and difpatched Orders to the Indies, commanding the Fleet joiped his Companions; who, elevated with the Trcafure there to winter, rather than to hazard their coming home they had taken, thought no more of returning towards that Summer. This caufed many Bankrupts in Sevil and Croatan, but fet fail lor England, where they arrived fafe other Places ; belides, it was fo great a weakening to their on the 24th of OStober in thac lame Year at Plynnuh. Ships to winter in the Indies, as it was many Years before -And Sir Walter Raleigh, the Patron of thefe Difcovtries they could recover their LofTes. And our Fleet being thus prevented, after having fper.i feven Months in vain upon the Coaft of Spain and the Iflands, without taking one Ship of the Spaniards, re- been cut off by the Savages. The DiflracKons occafioned by the Spanijb War had fo lies was ordered t engaged the Attention and Strength of the Nation, from °f Gibraltar, to the rime of Mr. White's* Arrival from the Infant-colony in formed that ten Virginia , that it was the Year 1590 before he co 11 u 1 c ~ a '" r ' complifh the Supplies he requefled of the Proprietc Settlements, falling into Difgrace, the poor People, “ ' Mercy of the Indians for fixteen Years follow- . lore heard of, and are fuppofed to have A Fleet of twelve Gal* o cruife off the Mouth of the Streigb intercept our Levant Trade 5 being in- of our Merchantmen were homeward- Seas. But they did not gain their Point. For the Englijb having w it was the 20th of March when he fet Sail from Plymouth each ocher, and being w with three Ships and two Shallops. ftout Defence in cafe 0 n Latitude for mann’d, and provided fora isllops. itout Defence in cale of an Attack, which from their The Ships were named b the Hopewell, the St. John Evan- Courfe in thofe perilous Times was to be expeded, • re* gelijr, and the Little John with thefe Mr. White fleered folvcd to fight their way at all Adventures, for the Coaft of Barbery ; and on the 25th at Night, the There were no more than ten Englijb Merchantmen'; Sea running very high, the Shallops, by the Negligence which near the Streights Mouths, and not far from the of the Boatfwain, being towed at the Stern of the Ship, Barbary Shore, difeovered the Enemies Gallies lying in were ftav’d to pieces; and on the 30th they made the Land wait for them. This was about the Clofe of the Day \ fo between Cape Cantin and the Bay of AJaphi, and next Day that the Englijb had the Cover of the Night to prepare pafifed by the Ifland of Mogadcr, and anchored in the Road the better for their brave and refolute Defence. By Day- of Santa Cruz on the ifb of April. break on the 24th of April \ they perceived the Gallies Here they met with two Londoners taking in Sugar, who bearing down upon them, and as they approached were fparing our Navigators two Boats, they next Day proceeded convinced that it was a Squadron under the Command of to the Canaries. A moft extravagant Courfe in a Voyage Don Andria Daria, the King of Spain's Viceroy, in the to Virginia / and to be attributed only to Prejudice or Ex- Streights of Gibraltar, and a moft inveterate Enemy of die nple; for tho* they were well acquainted with the Globes, Enghjb. Both Sides hoifled the Flags of their refpefiive 1 were well fkilled in Navigation, fuch was the Defe- Sovereigns; and tho* the Croud of Men which covered the rence paid to the Judgment of the firft Difcoverers, that we Decks of the Spanijj) Gallies, to the Amount of two or find they rather chofe to fail 1000 Leagues about, than three hundred in each, was almoft ten Times more than attempt a more direct Pafiage. However, this Courfe at the Englijb could mufter, it was refolved to give them prefent did not want its Advantages; for amongft the Battle, and to continue in their prefent Situation, with their Iflands they picked up feveral good Spanijb Prizes j not fmaller Ships in Front, to be fupported by the larger be- veering about till they were come to the Height of the hind, expecting their coming up. Bazamiah, on the IQand of Cuba . ^ The Spaniards begun the Fight; but the Solomon, which By this Delay of cruifing upon the Enemy’s Coafl, it had feveral caft Guns on-board, gave them fo warm a was the Middle of Augufi before they arrived on the Coaft Salute, that cleared one Side of a Galley of her Men, 2nd of Virginia. But tho’ they law Smoke on the Shore, yet pierced her through and through, in fuch manner, that after landing on the Ifland of Roannock , and diligently lhe was ready to fink. However they pulhed the Attack learching for the Englijb left there in the Year 15S7, they with greater Fury: And the Englijb gave them a general b Hacklait, Part III. p. John, belonging to id the Richard, be ging to Alderman Barnam, of ! HreUt*°’Vof. 11 Or, Complete View of the British Marine Spamjh Ships which attempted to board the Re- Lives (hould be laved, the Company lent 'U?\ Or, Complete View of the British Mar then meafure me by your own uncharitable Con- os? All the Company knoweth indeed, that in this e you praftifed to the mmoll of your Powers to ,hcr me and the Mailer caufelefs, as God knoweth ; :h Evil in this Place we did remit you; and now I conceive without doing you Wrong, that you again ,ofe fome Evil in bringing thefe Matters to Repe- n ; but God hath fo (hortned your Confederacy, as I nothing doubt you ; it is for your Mailer’s Sake I have torborn you in your unchriltian Practices; here I proteft before God, that for his Sake alone II yet indure this Injury, and you lhall in no fort be udiced, or in any thing be by me commanded ; but n we come into England (if God fo favour us) your ter lhall know your Honellies; in the mean Space ,'oid of thefe Sufpicions, for God I call to witnefs, enge is no part of my Thought. They gave him nl;s, defiring to go into the Plarbour with the Ship, :h he granted. So there were ro left upon the Hie, the laft of OSober we entered the Harbour. Our ter at our lad being here having taken careful Notice very Creek in the River, in a very convenient Place, a fandy Ooze, ran the Ship on-ground, laying our hor to Seaward, and with our Running-ropes moored to Stakes upon the Shore, which he had fattened for Purpofe; where the Ship remained till our De- ,'he 3d of November our Boat with Water, Wood, as many as fhe could carry, went for the Ide of gains j but being deep, {he durlt not proceed, but rned again the fame Night. Then Parker , Smith, »M wi* five others, defired that they ;ht go by Land, and that the Boat might fetch them :n they were againft the Me, it being fcarce a Mile n the Shore. The Captain bad them do what they ught bed, advifing them to take Weapons with n. For (laid he) although we have not at any Time 1 People in this Place, yet in the Country there may Savages. They anfwered, that here were great Store oil inftead of Butter. This Herb that it took away all kind of Swi died, and reitored us to perfect I we were in as good Cafe as whe England. We ftayed in this H; December, in which Time we 1: guins; and the Captain, the IV made fome Salt, by laying Salt- in Holes, which in fix Days wt God did feed us even as it \ “ The 22d of December we dep the Ifie, where with great Diffic duftry of our Matter we got 1. had almoft loft our Captain in Birds aboard 5 and had not our in the Set of thofe wicked Tide: Fafhions, we had alfo loft our , but God of his Goodnefs hath been our Protedlor. So the 22 with 14000 dried Penguins, no reft, and fhaped our Courfe for tain rated our Vi&uals, and bre ance, as chat our Viduals mig our Hope was, that within fix ft our Country, tho* our Sails wer lowance was two Ounces and a l Day, and to have fo twice a Weel ferve for a Week. Three Day three Spoonfuls for a Man a D Week Peafe, a Pint between Or, Complete View of the British Marine, . ■ „ a good Bullock for a three-penny Knife, and a “ there. This was the furtheft Place that we were at to the Sheep°for any odd Trifle, of the Natives, who were Blacks, “ S. E.' and here, becaufe our Company by this time was and cloathed with raw Hides. “ much wafted and diminilhed, we refolved to turn back On the 3th of September, the Penelope and Bonaventure “ to the Iflc of Zeilan. We weighed Anchor in the Month OT i»hed Anchor to proceed on their Voyage, and doubled “ of November, and arrived at Zeilcm about the End of the the Cupe »/ G ood ^ ie ftme Day, in their Courle to “ fame Month. In this llland groweth great Store of ex- Cote Corientes. But on the 12th they were feparated by a “ cellent Cinnamon, and the belt Diamonds in the World, Hurricane; and in the Evening of that fame Day, the “ Here our Captain meant to ftay to make up our Voyage; Bonaventure faw a great Sea break over the Penelope, which “ whereof he conceived great Hope, by certain Intelli- imcnediately extinguilhed her Lights, and it is thought “ gence which we had received ; but the Company, which fallowed her up, for the was never feen more. “ were in all but 33 Men and Boys, being in a Mutiny, This Storm was followed by fuch frightful Thunder and “ and every Day ready to go together by the Ears (the Lightning, that four Seamen, who were in the other Ship, “ Captain being Pick and like to die) would not ftay, but in! their Necks fo diftorted by the Force of the Light- “ would needs go home. „; n a, that they inftantly died ; and of 94 more, fome were “ The 8th of December 1592 we fet Sail homeward, but (tafclt blind, and others lame, befides fome who were “ 15 Days before we had Sight of the Cape of Good Hope, ftized with horrible Pains, and voiding of Blood, and others “ we were forced to lhare our Bread, by reafon we had liretched out at Length, as if they had been racked. Their “ certain Flies in our Ship, which devoured moft part of Main-malt was torn from the Top to the Deck, and fome “ our Bread before we were aware; fo that when we came Spikes, which were to Inches in the Timber, were melted. “ to flaring, we had but 31 Pounds of Bread a Man ter Mr. Henry May, who was on-board the Bonaventure, and “ carry us into England, with a fmall Quantity of Rice wrote the Hiftory of this Eaft-lndia Adventure, gives the “ a Day. following Account of the Sequel of this Voyage. “ In “ The laft of March 1593 we doubled the Cape of “ omber following we in th t Edward fell in with theWeft- *' Bona Speranza. “ ermoft Part of the Me of St. Lawrence about Midnight, “ In April next enfuing, we came to Anchor at the “ knowing not where we were. Alfo the next Day we “ Ifland of St. Helena, where we found an Englijh Taylor, “ came to an Anchor at <%uitangone, a Place on the main “ who had been there 14 Months before we came thither; “ Land of Africa, which is two or three Leagues to the “ fo we fending our Boat on-(hore with 10 Men, they “ Northward of Mozambique, where the Portugals of the “ found this Englijhman in the Chapel; who by reafon of “ Ifle of Mozambique fetch all their ifefh Water, plere we “ the Heat of the Climate was inforced to keep himfelf “ took a Pangaia, with a Portugal Boy in it, which is a “ out of the Sun. Our Company hearing one fing in the “ Vdfel like a Barge, with one Mat-fail of Cocoa-mt “ Chapel, fuppofing ic had been fome Portugal thruft “ Leaves. The Barge is fewed together with the Rinds of “ open the Door, and went in unto him ; but the poor “ Trees, and pinned with wooden Pins. In this Pangaia “ Man feeing fo many come in upon him on the fudden, “ we had certain Corn called Millio, Hens, and fome Far- “ and thinking them to be Portugals, was firft in fuch 3 11 dels of blue Calicut-cloth. The Portugal Boy we took “ Fear, not having feen any Man in 14 Months before, “ with us, and difmiffed the reft. From this Place we “ (and afterwards knowing them to be Englijhmen, and “ went for an Eland called Comoro, upon the Coaft of “ fome of them of his Acquaintance, in fuch Joy) that “ Melinie, about 11 Degrees to the South of the Equi- “ what between exceflive fudden Fear and Joy, he became “ r.oQial; in which Eland we ftaid all November, finding “ diftrafted of his Wits, to our great Sorrows. Here we “ the People black, and very comely, but very treacherous “ found of his drying 40 Goats. The Party had made “ and cruel; for the Day before we departed from thence “ him for Want of Apparel two Suits of Goat-Ikins with “ they killed 30 of our Men on-Ihore, among whom was “ the hairy Side outwards,, like unto the Savages of Ca~ “ I'/illiam Mace our Mailer, and two of his Mates. From “ nada. Here we ftaid all this Month: This Man lived “ hence we went for the Ifle of Zanzibar, on the Coaft of “ until we came to the Wefi-bdies, and then he died. “ Mdinde, where we ftaid and wintered until the Beginning “In the Month of June 1593, we arrived at the Eland 11 of February following. “ of Trinidad in the Weft-Indies, hoping there to find Re- “ The 2 lI of February 1592 we weighed Anchor, and “ frelhment; but we could not get any, by reafon that the “ let fail direftly for the Eajt-Indies ; but having Calms “ Spaniards had taken it. Here were we imbayed between “ and contrary Winds, we were until the Month of June “ the llland and the Main; and for Want of Vi&uals the “ Wore we could recover the Coaft of India near Calicut ; “ Company would have forfaken the Ship; whereupon “ "'hereby many of our Men died for Want of refrefliing. “ the Captain was inforced to fwear every Man not to for- “ In this Month of June we came to an Anchor at the “ fake the Ship until we Ihould fee further Occafion. Out “ lilts of Puh Pinaom, where we ftaid until the ill Day “ of this Bay, called Boca ie Dragone, it pleafed God to “ of September, our Men being very Pick, and dying apace. “ deliver us; from whence we direfted our Courfe for the “ This Day we fet Sail, and diredted our Courfe for Ma- “ Ifle of St. Juan de Puerto Rico, but fell in with the fmall “ lata-, and we had not been far at Sea, before we took “ Ifle of Mona, where we abode 15 Days, finding in that “ a ship of the Kingdom of Pegu, of about 80 Tons, with “ Place fome fmall Refrefhment. And here arrived a Ship “ "ooden Anchors, and about 50 Men in her, with a “ of Caen in Normandy, whereof was Captain one Monfieur “ Pinnace of 18 Tons, at her Stern, both laden with Pep- “ Charles de la Barbotiere, who greatly refrelhed us with “ per. But their Pinnace Hole from us in a Guft in the “ Bread and other Provifion, which we greatly wanted. “ Morning. Here we mighc have taken two Ships more “ And fo we rook our Leaves the one of the other. 11 of Pegu, laden likewife with Pepper and Rice. In this “ In July having foul Weather at Mona, we were forced “ Month alfo we took a great Portugal Ship of 6 or 700 “ to weigh Anchor, and to fet Sail, directing our Courfe " Tons, laden chiefly with Viftuals, Chefts of Hats, Pin- “ for Cape Tiburon ; and in doubling of the Cape we had “ tados, and Calicut-cloths. Befides this we took another “ a Guft from the.Shore, which carried away all our Sails “ Portugal Ship of fome hundred Tons, laden with Vic- “ from the Yards; fo that we had left but one new Fore- " tua k, Rice, Calicoes, Pintados, and other Commodities. “ courfe to help ourfelves withal, which Canvas the afore- “ Jhefe Ships were bound for Malacca with Vifluals. “ faid Frenchman did help us withal. Alfo having doubled “In the Month of November 1592, we lhaped our “ the forefaid Cape in the Diftrefs afore-named, the fore- ^ Courfe for the llland of Nicubar, fome Leagues N. W. “ faid Captain de la Barbotiere, with his Pinnace gave “ of the Eland of Sumatra. After we arrived there, the “ Chace unto us again -, who being come near unto us, I | People (whom we found in Religion Mahometans) came “ went aboard him, certifying him what Diftrefs we were l aboard us in their Canoes, with Hens, Cocoas, Plan- “ in. The Gentleman replied to me again, that there was ,i J sni:! > and Other Fruits ; and within two Days they “ not any thing in his Ship he could fpare, but what he brought unto us Rials of Plate, giving us them for Ca- “ would help us withal. So to conclude, we agreed with [■cloth; which Rials they found by diving in the * him for Canvas ; moreover, he faid, that if we would . which were loft not long before in two Portugal “ go with him to an Harbour called Gonnavy % which is ’ ahips which were bound for China, and were call away “ to the Northward of Cape Tiburon, that then he would “ help A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: frefh Victuals enough. Whereupon I re- the Voyage ; and though it. was attended wi: d our Ship, and certified our Captain of fonur.es and Difficulties, yet the Experience, • Lde it known unto the Company, who no his People gained in this Voyage,.gave then: of it, but they would all go in. So here tion, that they firft taught their Countrymen h the aforefaid Frenchman 15 Days; but of Trade in the Eaji-Indies , and laid the F iment we could get, becaufe the Spaniards that fince fo extenfivc and fiourifhing Trade. : Fear of the French Man of War, fuppofing This fame Year is aifo memorable for a S 5e a Portugal* and that we were his Prize ; tween three Englijb Ships and a Bark, and fix ae certified them to the contrary. And in of War. Sir George Carey, then Marlhal of ig with him, and having little Refrethmenr, Houthold, and Captain of the IJle of IVigh y began to be in a Mutiny, and made Re- Lord Hunfdon, Lord-chamberlain, and Capra 1 Captain and I went aboard the Frenchman good Cheer, and had not any Care of them; t before God, that our Care was to get reby we might have been gone from him. ean Time a great Part of our Company had take away the Frenchman's Pinnace, and oard the Man of War. While thefe Things dotting, one of their Conforts went aboard n, and certified him of all the Confpiracy. die Captain of the French Ship fent for our nourable Band of Gentlemen-pcnfioners, three Ships and a Bark for the IVefi-Indies, 13th 0 (June, of this Year, being off of ( in the IFeji-Indies, difeovered about fii fix Sail of Spar.ijh Ships b . The Englijb , believing them to be tbeC lat News ? Who anfwered us, that either of. Whil from him, or elfe he muft go feek fome they faw a Whereupon I told Captain Lancajler, the Hope® to tell him that rather than we would be with all t me, while we were thus talking together, m weighed and fet Sail; which wc per- afkcd him what he meant by ir. He re- Captain and me, that he kept us for his that our Men had purpofed as is aforefaid. ne thwart our Ship, it blew a pretty Gale e Boat beinc aftern of them, havinsr in her ) hot for them, to have laid them on-boarc jht continuing between the Consent, and t wifi Ships, tor the Space of three Hours re forced at lafl to (land to the Northwart ms Or, Complete View of the British Marine; 289 and and got frefli Supplies of all Necefiariei, purfued Hawkins to vlfit China , the Hands of Japan, Mohu 'nbmh and t0 ft retc h as f ar t0 tlie Northcn_ __. .. „ llu he poJhhly could. after a brave and obilinate Fight for three Days and three The firft fetting out of this Voyage was much delayed Nights, drove Hawkins to the Neceflicy of accepting the 1 djicouraged by contrary Winds, and fome Difafters in Offers of Life and Liberty, for himfeif and his Men which the Channel, occaftoned by bad Weather, and the Bafcnci's were left, with their Paffage to England as loon as might •aid Villainy of his Mariners. Befides which, nothing oc- be; cho’ not till all his Sails were torn, his Malls ihattered, iors worthy of Notice till this Adventurer arrived on the his Pumps (hot to pieces, his Ship all over mangled, the Cold of the Hand of St. Aim, where his Pinnace was ac- greater Parc of his Men killed, and .feven or eight Foot c^entally burnt. Water in the Hold and the Admiral himfeif wounded "From Si. Ann's they failed for the River of Plate ; at and weak. Notwithftanding all which, he would hardly ,he Mouth of which they took a Portuguefe Ship loaded have confented to it, had it not been for the Importunity with Caffavi -meal and Sugar, bound for Angola. Hence of his People, tho’ his Ship was in a meafurc- finking they proceeded for the Streights of Magellan ; but one of under him. the Ships, commanded by Captain ‘Iharlton, who had After the Admiral was taken, Don Bertrand iliewed him been the chief Inftrument of Halting Admiral Candijh’s laft a Letter from the King of Spain , to the Viceroy of Peru, Expedition, deferred him before they arrived at the Mouth giving a particular Account of his Voyage, the Ships, their of thofe Streights. By which means Captain Hawkins's Number, their Burden, their Ammunition, and whither Expedition was now alfo overthrown, and his Crew ex- they were defigned ; adding, “ You may lee by this, whe- er the King my Mailer ha “ England." To this Hawkins replied. ._ e ‘ Wonder his Matter had fo many Friends every where, “ fince he had fo much Gold and Silver; and it was no “ uncommon Thing to fee them make People tell Tales ut of School, and out of Country too.” Don Bertrand treated Hawkins and all his People with poled to the greateft Diftrefs. For being left alone, : great Pittance from Shore, in the Latitude of about Degrees, he happened upon a fruitful, but an unknc Coili, abounding withWood, and having good Harbours; 1 no Sea-chart making Mention of any Land, which lay in ' that Manner, and about that Height. It was a goodly diampain Country, and, by the Multitude of Fires upon the Coaft, fuppofed to be well peopled ; tho’ for Wane of great Humanity, as 1 their Pinnace they could not come near enough to fpeak to being afterwards carriedTnto Spain, he was, notwithftanding any of tire Inhabitants, nor difeover the Shore. It had the Agreement, detained Prifoner there feveral Years. ° Abundance of frclh Rivers, whofe Out-flioots difcoloured the Sea in many Places. The Earl of Cumberland this Y'ear 1 undertook a fixth Mr. Hawkins entiled up and down, from Weft to North, Expedition; in which he commanded in Pcrlon. His for the Space of 6o Leagues, till being driven back by Squadron confuted of fix Ships; the Golden Lion, named contrary Winds, he made the Streights of Magellan in Ja- the Admiral; the Bonaventure, Vice-admiral; the Anthony, aery 1594, and failed up it to the Height of 56 Degrees, of 120 Tons; the Pilgrim, of 100 Tons 1 and two Idler But after fpending fix Weeks among the Hands of thefe Vcffcls, called the Chalion and Difcevery b . Streights, driven about with uncertain and dangerous Cur- At firft fetting out, his Lordiliip took two rich French rents, he got fafe into the open Sea ; and failing along the Ships belonging to the Leaguers, which alone fatisfied the Coalt of Chili, at Val Parizo (or Villa Paraifo) he plun- whole Expence of the fitting out of this Squadron; thrice dered the Spanijb Store-houfes on the Shore, and took five laden Merchant-fhips; one of whi 1 ’ ’ "" ’' ' was fome Gold brought from Bale told. And according to Sir IVtiliam Monfon, the Earl being - J m the Coalt of Portugal from his Fleet, 1 ' " . Hulks near Peniche, which refufing he reft for 2000 Duckets. Thence proceeding the Englijh Flag, he attacked ; and they difdaining to (trike 1 there met and attacked, by the Viceroy’ Command, by Bertrand di Cajlro , with eight Ships, which were fitted out to take a fevere Revenge of Hawkins for Iris Piracies, and manned with 2000 Men. The Englijh and : Spaniards being within Sight of one another, great Prepa¬ rations for the Fight were made on both Sides; bur the 1 Wind interpofed, and fought fo well on the Behalf of the Englifn, that the unwieldly Ships of the Spaniards came off with broken Malts, and ihattered Tackling. The Ad¬ miral fnapp’d her Main-maft afunder, and fo began to lag allern, and with him two other Ships; the Vice-admiral fplit her Main-fail, and the Rear-admiral crack’d her Main- yard, and one only Ship of the Armada, which was got to the Windward, was at leifure to fight; but Ihe had no Stomach to it, and durft not begin the Attack. Thus they lay for a whole Day, viewing one another ; but as Night came on, Hawkins began to confult with his Officers what Courfe was belt to take. They were in a manner fur- rounded ; for the Spanijb Admiral, with two more; were attorn of them, the Rear-admiral right ahead, the Vice- admiral to the Leeward, and one upon the Loof; and molt of them within Shot. In fhort, alter many Debates it was concluded, that they Ihould bear up before the Wind, and make three feveral Attacks endeavour to make their Efcape between the Admiral and mediately decamped, and Iheitcreu cncuncivcs m me w oous. Vice-admiral, Which they accordingly put in Execution be- The Englijh took to the Value of about 2000 /. in Pearls, fore the Moon was up, and very happily performed; and befides ocher Pillage, and marched off again without Di- iteering his Courfe for the Bay of Atacama, he met about fturbance, to fome Place of Repole for that Night; but 5? Leagues to the Northward of Lima, and in Sight of the in the Morning they went on-board the Fifhing-boats to Town of Mongon, with a Spanifi Ship of about 100 Tons, eat Oyfters, tire Pearl of which paid the Opening. After laden with Wheat, Sugar, CWoxwMkins, and Miele de this Expedition, they made away to their own Ships again, Canos ; took her, and having pillaged her of what they and then failed up to the Town itfelf, and obliged the Spa- I'wd, fet her a- fire, having put her People firft on-fhore. niards to compound for 2000 Duckets in Pearl, to (live The Spanijb Admiral having reinforced his Squadron, their Houles and Barks. Thefe . Of¬ fence, and willingly delivered up a great Quantity of Gun¬ powder and Ammunition, which they were carrying to Por¬ tugal, on account of the King of Spain. He then Iteered for the Azores-, but being feized with a violent Sicknel's, he was obliged to give up the Command, and return home. The Anthony, commanded by Captain James Laidton ; tlie Pilgrim, by Captain Francis Stingjhy ; and the Difco-jcry, piofecutcd their Voyage to the kVeJt-Indies ; where at the Iilc of St. Lucia they refreihed a few Days, and refolvcd upon feizing the Pearl-fiiheries of Margarita. The Engliflj kept out of Sight all the Day, for fear of Difcovery ; and at Night landed and marched to two of the Fifheries, which were both empty ; but feizing by good Fortune a Spaniard, they made him their Guide to the other Filhery, where the Trade was carrying on ac that Inftant. The two Captains marched by Land with 28 Men, and the Boats followed them upon the Water; They ivided their little Army into three Bodies, that they might but the Spaniards im- Englijh Regiments dion of jumper. 11 which held a third Part of Gold ; bcfides feveral Trials pel them to go farther, they arrived at the Town of St.Jago “made in the Country, and by others in London, But deLeon, which they took on the 29th and 30th of May, after “ becaufe there came, bad with the good, and belike the very little Refiftance; butthe Inhabitants, havinghad timely « (aid Alderman was not prefented with the belt, he was Notice of their Coming, had removed their beft Effects « pleafed to Jay a Scandal upon all the reft, and to dif- to the Mountains. They ftay’d there till the third of “ parage the Enterprize to the utmoft of his Power. It June , and had fome Conferences with the Spaniards con¬ gas alfo been concluded by many, that if there had been cerning a Ranfom, but could come to no Agreement. “ any fuch Ore in Guiana, and I had difeovered it, I The Englijh demanded 30,000 Duckets, but could never “ fhould have brought home a greater Quantity: But bring the Spaniards to offer more than 4000, and that “ firft, I was not bound to fatisfy any Body of the Quan- only to gain Time, till they could get fome Troops toge- “ tity, excepting thofe who were Adventurers, if any Store ther. They therefore burnt the Town, and feveral Vil- “ had been returned ; but it is very true, that had all iages in the Neighbourhood, and then returning to their their Mountains been of maffy Gold, it was impoffible Ships, fet fire to the Fort, ar.d embarked, without lofing “ for us to have made any longer Stay to have wrought one Man in this tirefome and dangerous Journey and Atr “ it: And whofoever has feen with what Strength of Stone tack. “ the beft Gold-ore is encompaffed, will not think it ealy Then failing for Corn, they burnt three Spanijh Ships 11 to be had out in Heaps, efpecially by us, who had on the Coaft, which they could not bring off, becaufe the “ neither Men, Inftruments, nor Time to perform it.” Spaniards had carried the Sails on-fhore ; and on the ninth entered the Bay of Ceres ; on the .irth took the Town, The Spaniards in the TVefi-Indies were alfo vifited this after fome Refiftance, which they reduc’d to Allies. The Year 1 by Capt. Ami as Prejlon and Capt. George Sommers , Spaniards having fecured their beft Effefts, and meeting who in the two Ships, Afcenfton an d Gift, with a fmall with nothing elfe worthy of Remark, they returned home- Pinnace, fail’d from Plymouth on the 12th of March, and wards, and arrived at Milford haven the 10th of September. were follow’d on the 19th by Capt. Jones in the Darling, and Capt. Proivfe in the Angel. The Earl of Cumberland ftill breathing Revenge againft Capt. Prejlon by chacing a Ship loft Company of his the Spaniards, had built a fine Ship at Deptford, Bur- Fellow-adventurersand in that lone State courageoufly then 900 Tons 5 which being the Iargeft ever built by attack’d and plunder’d the lmall Ifland' of Puerto Santo any Englijh Subjeft, her Majefty was pleafed to favour his near Madeira , routed 500 Spanijh Soldiers, reduced the Lordlhip with her Prefence at the Launching thereof, and chief Town and feveral other Places to Allies, with 60 to give it the Name of the Scourge of Malice. Men only. His Lordftiip intended to have performed this Voyage Before they entered the Town, tl)e Pcrtuguefe had con- himfelf, in his new Ship; and had fitted out the Akedo , v eyed away their Wives, Children, and beft Effefts to the under the Command of Captain Monfon , for his Vice- Top of a very high Hill, which ftands near the Town, admiral •, the Anthony, commanded by Captain Daniel Jar - and could not be attempted without great Hazard. They ret j and the old Frigate j but when he was got as far as knt feveral Times to offer a Ranfom for the Town, which Plymouth , he was obliged to return by her Majefty’s was handfome and large*, but Prejlon had refolved, in re- Order. turn for their Treachery and Cruelty to one Capt. Harvey Of which Incident Captain Monfon gives the following ar >d his People, to (hew them no Favour. He likewife Account. “ I engaged myfelf, by Promife, to attend my 5 o 4 i NE W NAVAL HISTORY: that my tingle Care of your Lives and Surety hath made “ me drink, fo deep of Lethe's Flood, that I neither cared “ nor recked of what might elfe befal, which tho’ no: the beft bellowed, when it was fo neglected, yet it approves my - -- -- -- -- -- mutt abide; fince for fuch two I did it. You have made me famous, dreadful and renowned, not more for your Victory, than for your Courage; nor mure for either, than for fuch plentiful Liquor of Mercy, which may well match the invent Words fufficing my thankful Acceptance, nor “ Lordlhips in Remembrance of the former D : "Thanks enough for fuch Demerit. This only yet re- “ which we lately fent to your Lordfhips by her mains - -- -- -- -- - - - - - “ fpecial Command, which was to take Order thm l * Lordfhips in Remembrance of the former Di lhould be firft duly ftrarched, both their PerfonV^ touching on-land here, where they which were b-fc,. her Majefty’s Ray fliall receive the Wages due „ ° them, as betore they did. For the other b-ino l 3 °°o, her Majefty willeth us to put your Lwdfc the Earl of EJex in Mind, that there"was 4000/ , Pl prefted to you, and the Lord Admiral, whereof Majefty is informed, that you, the Earl, had better of the two. In which you have fo well performed “ And therefore the faid Sum received by you t|v |;° ' my Truft, as thereby I fee 1 was not forgotten amongft “ ought to be employed towards the Pay of the \v as , f thole Land-foldiers. And becaufe her Majefty bv I ters. lareiv f.-nr nnr of Jl 7 ly Truft, as thereby I lee 1 was not forge.. you. You have fo pleafed my Mind therewith, 1 had a great Treafure I would leave it for it. Is there heard in fo few Days fo great a Gain obtained, which tho* I do attribute moft to the Fore*. -., v I charge you let the Army know, both of Sea and Land, that I care not fo much for being Queen, as that I am the Sovereign of fuch Subjects, that blaft my Fame with Worth, and pafteth not, nor wifheth not Never “ ws, lardy fent out of Ireland, is tarneftly called at tained, ‘ ty the Lord Deputy and Council there, to fend fnrrfi - » Come Supply of Soldiers thither, the Rebels conS ' in their dilloyal Courfe, tho’ the Earl of Tjr-Otn tok ‘ received his Pardon, therefore, as lately we wrote unit. Days to breathe, than while fuch People may flourilh, “ (having been of late greatly chargedj and thele Men'sre and dePr-s rr, nnd dm. an,, n.fafr.n nn fall alreadv in a TJnadm-la — I —1 <1 ^ and defires to end afore any Difafter o‘r Difnonour fall “ Steady in a Readings armed, m.. on fuch a Nation. This tell them from her, whofe “ Majefty doth require your Lordlhips tc Thoughts and Words never difagreed, and yield them “ n " r nf rh ~ 1 ""— T ~~ J r i ’’ 1 fuch due Praife, as Papers cannot utter, but my Heart, while it lafteth, lhail keep from Oblivion. Among all divine Bidnngs, I count it not the leaft, that your Healths nor your Harms may flack your fafe Return, for which v;hofo hath prayed moft, hath never gained a Straw-breadth of me. Some other Things material you lhali receive from others, which look you well to ; for, among much to do, much may be undone; but ' . - - „ lvra Icr yet look to the Stake. And fo I end, with my never “ the Charges of their Embarking, and to what Parts ia “ leaving my Orailons for your beft.” “ that Realm they fhall be diredted. And to this End we orav vnn rh,. Lord Admiral, to rake Order hr ic (aid 3000'Land-foldiers, that were Wd “ here within the Realm, to the Number of 1300 « “ I0 °° « th ?. kaft > that ma y be fpeedily fent into W with their Captains. For which Purpofe there is Order “ lent to Mr. Danell, for a Proportion of Victuals to h. provided, both to ferve them in their Tranfporutiot d after their Arrival there, for two Months farther’ _ And upon Notice from your Lordfhips, of your Con- 11 be prelenc Direction given fer fent hereto, tl A Copy cf the Ctunals Letter to lie L. L. Admirals, the 10 tb e/Auguft: 1596. “ After our very hearty Commendations to your good “ Lordlhips, her Majefty being given to underftand, as “ well from your Lordlhips, of your Return, as other- “ wife, that your Lordlhips, and the Ships that were with re already arrived at Pljmsmb, will be tl “ Hands, ciflblvi “ Shipping tor their Tranfportation. 'Now concerning til “ cther Vart your Lordlhip’s Forces (confiflin» of Jt “ niiers and Seafaring Men) we are likewife to put you, “ me Lord Admiral, in mind, of the 2000 /. above-men- “ tioned, remaining in your Hands. And therefore, ttf “ hcr lVla My doth not doubt, of lb great Prizagc, as *s “ made at Cadets, but there will be ready Money found to “ a Idr grater Sum ; yet with that 2000/. your Lurdlhip “ ,s to P a y fo far as it will extend. Firlt, tliofe that wc “ impretfed in tnefe Welt P.rcs, who before they hr* “ mllJcd (as ail the reft) are alfo to be fcarched, and find- ing any of them to have benefittea themfelves with the “ Spoil they had gotten, above the Value of their Wavs, io much may be lawfully deducted of their Entcmin- “ menc. Neverthelefs, if yourLordlhip lhail want Monty pay the Reftdue that are to be diicharged there, jist ip there, of her Majefty’s Cuilo- ,, - - -. the Sum of 2 or 3000/. if Cant lnall fo require, which (hall be repaired again in fuch ~ a5 f ^ ou fta11 a PPO>nt; her Majefty having given incident 4 Order for tnc Sum of 5000/. towards the Sea-clurgtf. Expenecs, whereat “ Whereof our Meaning is, that the Sum which you Hull u b° rr ow there to the Difcharge of the Mariners of thof: “ Farts, fhail be accounted as Fart, and the reft (bail b “ ready at Chatham, , as you, the Lord Admiral, do re¬ quire, for the Mariners, taken up in thofe Parts, for “ afi other Matters we muft refer your Lordlhips to our “ Jate Letters, fent by her Majefty’s fpecial Direction, “ whereof we doubt not but you will have fpecici Care how die fame may be performed, according to hcrM> lrlH't A-J r 0 we wi(h your good Lord- fare. From the Court at g of this Army, conlifting of ners, her Majefty hath entred ley are now to be enfpofed, harge. Wherein firft we arc v to let vour Lordlhips know, vlajrfty’s mifliking, that the o be put to any farther Ex- : Wages of thefe Soldiers and - . = iifiureu Fromiles, which her Cl lordlhips may —wuu iu earneft Prorefta- 6 * 1 rdlhips, not only to fee her t ot allured Hope of great er Majefty fays fhe tard-y ro difburfe aforc- )/. Whereto her Ma- r.er Realm, the Charges aons. Manning and Victualling of the ^them, whereof they were in expedla- for their Adventures, and not Lofers. __. Majefty fays, if Ihe (hall now be driven “ jelly’s Expectation. ?, !he lhail be greatly deceived in her “ *hips right heartily well “ Greenwich , the 10th of Slnguji 1596.” •. Now fort ie Afiurances which you made her, would never have yielded to the he Order to be taken with the Land-' The Earl of EJex being apprehenfivd that at his Return unted about the Number of 5 oco, leveral Objections might be made to the Conduft of this 1 were drawn out of the Low-coun- Expedition, drew up a Writing, in which he himfclf ^ 3jeftv rdolvcd to be fent again, in them, together with his Anfwers to them. As they may : Country, to be conveyed back thi- give lome Light to the Circumftances of this Tranfadion, .> . ..thofe Gamfons and Places where- they as above related, they may not be unacceptable to tb '* ^ en ’ 5 s was F r otnif=d by Sir Fronds Fere, in her Reader, I lhail therefore fubjoin them from a Manufciipt Majefty s Name. NevcrEhrfcis, we are to put your in the Cottonian Library, which I have thought fit to A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: 510 “ cam: only to trade, not knowing until this prefent that ' “ any Spaniards were in the Guiana ; that upon our Return “ our whole Fleet will haften to fet forwards, and that in ' “ the mean Time we would now vifit our Friends, and “ h.-ip them fo far as we could in any Thing that we (hould “ find needful prefently to be done. After long Difcourfe “ (ior their chief Man ftaid with me all Night) when he “ had caufed me to fpit in my Right-hand, with many “ other Ceremonies which they ufe in confirming Friend- “ Ihip, he went to the Shore, and one of his Canoes he “ fent to bring forwards the other 20 ; one other he caufed “ to go up the River tefore us to bring Intelligence. Then “ calling together the chief of his Company, they made “ fmall Fires, and fitting in their Hamaccas, each one “ forted himfclf with a Companion, recounting amongft “ themfelves the wortnieft Deeds, and Deaths of their An- execraring their Enemies moft delpitefully, and _ ing their Friends with all Titles of Fraile and ur that may be devifed. Thus they fit talking and taking Tobacco fome two Hours, and until their Pipes “ be alffpent (for by them they mcafure the time of this “ their foiemn Conference) no Man mud interrupt or di- “ fturb them in any fort; for this is their Religion and Prayers, which they now celebrated, keeping a precife “ Fall one whole Day in Honour of the great Princcfs of “ the North (Queen Eiisssbetb) their Patronefs and De- “ fender. Their Canoes being made ready, they accom- c - panied us, and in the way Ihewed us where the Shoals “ of the River co lie. “ In eight Days failing ftiil before a Wind, we arrived “ at lopiatstarits Port, in ail which time no Indian that we knew came aboard us. For the time of our Return “ promiled at your Lordlhip’s Departure from thence, “ being expired, they in Defpair had fevered themfelves “ amongft the other Nations. Here the Spaniards have “ feared their Ranceria of 20 or 30 Houfes. .The high “ rocky Hand, that lieth in the mibft of the River, againfl “ the Mouth of Careli, is their Fort or Refuge, when they “ mifdoubt Safer/ in their Town, or have Notice of any “ Pra&ice agair.ft them: But now leaving both Town and “ Hand, they joined themfelves all together, and retiring “ to the Mouth of the River Cardi, placed there a fecret “ Amfculh to defend the Paflage to thofe Mines, from “ whence your Ore and white Stones were taken the laft “ Year. We ail, not without Grief to fee ourfclvcs thus “ defeated, and our hungry Hopes made void, svere Wit¬ 's neffes of this their Remove. As we rode at an Anchor “ within Mufket-lhot of their Town, an Indian came unto us with lean Checks, thin Hair, and a fiquint Eye, to “ inform us that they were very ftrong -, that Berreo’ s Son “ was with him that they had but two fmall Pinnaces at “ Trinidads, which they daily looked for to come op the “ River; and Iaftly, to view our Ship well, and our Pro- “ vifions, but elpecially to learn whether Guallero, To- “ When we had ftaid here two Days, conGdering that “ where no. Hope was left of doing good, to abide there “ in Harm’s way doing nothing, would be bootlefs, I re- “ folvcd to leek Putjma in the Mountains; and turning “ down the River with the Force of the Stream 20 Miles “ in fix Hours ; the next Morning with ten Shot I went “ afhore, intending if the Indians lhould think themfelves “ too weak with our Help to difplant the Spaniards, to fet “ fome of them on work, for Hatchets and Knives, to return us Gold-grains and white Stones from fuch Places “ Place of their ufual Abode, we faw that they lately had “ been there, but could fpeak with none of them; it may “ be that Pear (which is eafy of Belief) perfuaded them “ that -we were Spaniards. Gilbert, my Pilot, here offered “ to bring us either to the Mine of white Stones near “ tyinicapsra, or elfe to a Gold-mine, which Putijma had “ Ihewed him, being but one Day’s Journey over Land, “ from the Place where we now ftaid at an Anchor. I “ faw far off the Mountains adjoining to this Gold-mine, “ and having mealured their Paths near the fame Place “ this laft Year, could not judge it to be 15 Miles from t: us. I do wcil remember how comiug that way with “ Putijma the Year before, he pointed to this fame Moun- “ tain, making Signs to have me go with him thither; I underftood his Signs, and marked the Place, but m'f took his Meaning, imagining that he would have |w i me the Overfall of the River Curwara from the Moo™ tains. My Indian Ihewed me in what fort without di» ging they gather the Gold in the Sand of a fmall Ri, ° lamed Macasowi, that fpringeth and falleth from ^ Kocks, where this Mine is; and farther told me, tliij ne Was with Putijma, at what time Morekito was to h executed by the Spaniards -, and that then the chief of Morekito's Friends were in Confultation to Iheiv thii Mine unto them, if fo they might redeem their Cape®', Life; but upon better Advice, fuppofing them in tli Cafe to be implacable, and that this might prove, means to lofe not only their King, but their Count* alio, they have to this Day concealed it from them being of all others the richeft and moft plentiful. The aged fort, to keep this from common Knowledge, have devifed a Fable of a dangerous Dragon that hauntah this Place, and devourech all chat come near it. But our Indian, if when we return we do bring (lore of (Irons Wine (which they love beyond Meafure) with it win undertake fo to charm this Dragon, that he lhall do m Whiift we were fearching at the Shore for the Inim:, my Barge took a Caijoe with three Men in her; the oik a Servant to Berreo, the other two Merchants of Cajava. “ In failing up the River, we paffed by Toparimath'i Port, which in one Place is very ihoal, the Channel 1 ™ clofc aboard the Shore. We returned therefore anothu way, by the main River on the South-fide ; this Branch we found large, deep, and without Danger. When vie were come near Carapana’ s Port, he lent five or lit fevtral Canoes, ptomifing this Day and the next that he would come and fpeak with us; thus we lingred fe or feven Days, but he came not; in the end he fen one of his aged Followers to certify us, that he \v« Pick, old, and weak ; that the Ways near his Dwelling are not eafy ; and that therefore he defired us to hold him excufed for not coming. “ The Place where we were at Anchor was but on: Day’s Journey from Carapana ; I therefore made Mo¬ tion to this Captain to flay with two or three of his Company aboard the Ship, and to caufe his Men to bring me with my Interpreter to Carapana' s Dwelling. He anfwered that it were not good lo to do, left perhaps fome Spy might inform the Spaniards thereof, whereby Danger would grow to Carapana. “ Wherefore having allured fo many of the Indim , a “ at any time came unto us, of our fpeedy Return, pro- “ railing them Plenty of Knives, Beads, and Hatchets, if “ they would referve their Cajfava, and' provide Horn of “ their Pieces of Gold for us. I defired this Captain to “ be a means that our Friends of Trinidado might under- “ ftand of our being in the River, and thac we meant to “ relieve them lb foon as conveniently might be. “ In turning down the River we fpent eight Days. In “ many Places where the Channel lieth we found 20 Fa- “ thorn depth, where it is ihoaleft we had two Fathom “ and a half, and that but in one or two Places. Of hi: “ Wotthinefs of this River, becaufe I cannot fay enough, “ I will fpeak nothing. We have prefumed to call it by “ the Name of Raleana, becaufe yourfelf was the fit# of “ our Nation that ever entered the fame, and I think it “ nothing inferior to Amafones, which is bell known by “ the Name of Oreliana, the firft Difcoverer thereof. By “ turning only, without help of Oars, to pafs fo long a “ way, in fo Ihort a time, againfl: the Wind, may fuffi- “ ciently prove that the Channel is very large, good, and “ likely to fecond our Hopes in all thac we can delinr- “ Without the Mouth of this River, our Pinnace, the “ Difcoverer, whom we loft near the Coaft of “ came unto us. She fell in with this Land fomewhat to “ the Southward of Cape Cecil, and had fpent three Weeks “ and odd Days in ranging along the Coaft, when fliemtt “ with us. William Downe the Mailer, informed me that “ they entered and fcarched thefe four Rivers. InW«; “ poeo they failed fo far, until the Rocks Hopped their “ Paflage ; in Caiane they went up one Day’s Journey, “ in Cunanama they found many Inhabitants; Curtfni « Or, Complete View of the British Marine. 313 ■ . ar riv’d any certain Account of their Fate ; they « St. Andrew, and fome great Fly-boats, and Merchahf- ". as fuppos’d, all loft by Shipwreck in their Way to “ (hips, by which I would deftroy the mod of the Ene- X’ to whole Emperor the Captain was entrufted with “ my’s Shipping, and leave all the Queen’s own EngliJB- , “ rs from her Majefty the Queen of England: where- “ built Ships at the Mouth of the Harbour, to fecure ouf f f we will proceed to that national Expedition, which “ Retreat. By this means; I fhould hazard to lofe r.o- ,1 in the following Year, was found neceffary to be “ thing but two great Cairacks; which before I had Won; nncerted and executed, to counter-aft the hoftile Policy of “ and for the adventuring of thofe defeat the Enemy’s lain whofe King was renewing his Preparations ior a « whole Navy. Which Advice being allowed, though Defcent upon Irtlani • Her Ma i eft y and Council judged “ with Reftraint of my own going in with thofe two Ships; a to be the belt Meafure to carry the Invafion into his “ and an abfolute Command not to hazard any other, we - " ' ~ by finding him Employment at home, “ went out the fecond Time to put this Pro'eft in Exe- ■’ r ’ Peace of her “ cution.” . Another violent Temped: difpers’d them a fecond finic; of this Expe- before they got Sight of the SpaniJS Coaft : in which the | ntQ ^tj m i ra i fp run g a dangerous Leak, the large Ship called the St. Matthew having fpent her Main-mail and Yards, Rock, £“ J A - difabled from and the I was fplit upon a Rock, and the St. Andrew was' parted the reft of the Fleet. The Remainder of the Fleet ;, in a little time, got together again, pnrfued their led Courfe ; but unadvifedly hovering too hear the :s of Ajhirias, and Galicia, inftead of running in' di- reflly to Ferrol and the Groyne, the Enemy Were fore- irn’d of their Approach, and had all the Time they could fh to prepare for a vigorous Defence. The Englijh were' in Hopes to have indeed them ous of the Harbour to fight .1 1 ■ r having fpent fome ‘ e the Difpofition of ea Realms. . ,. , Sir Arthur Gorges, in his larg fays; “ The whole Fleet .. .l.L Cnnatirons, the Admiral’s, the Vice-adn •admiral’s) confided of 120 Sail, orthcre- auuuw , .eof 60 were good Men of War, and gal- . lant Ships, the reft Victuallers, and Ships forTranfpor- I tation. Of her Majefty’s own Ships the Number was 18 i or rq, as follows: The Mary Honor a, or Mer Honettr, the Earl of Ejfex, and under him Sir Robert Mansfield-, Due Repitlfe, the Lord Thomas Howard Vice-admifal, and under him Capt .Middleton; Warfpight, Sir Walter Raleigh, Rear-admiral, and under him Sir Arthur Gorges ; Garland, Earl of Southampton ; Defiance, Lord Montjoy with tl ’ ’ ’ Ship commanded by Sir Amias Pref- Coaft, a 7, Sir George Carew, Mafter of the t ' “ Ordnance ; Mary-Rofe, Sir Francis Vere, Marlhal, and __.. .... « under him Capt. John Winter-, Dreadnought, Captain cced to the Azores. “ IFilliam Brooke ; Nonpareil, Sir Richard Levifon ; Bon- At the fame time, they n “ aventure. Sir William Harvey-, Antelope, Sir Thomas Va- Squadron, to the Station it mourn taxe at tnoie mantis, “ vofer ; Rainbow, Sir William Monfon ; Swiftfure, Sir whereby the Earl of Ejfex, Admiral and Commander in “ Gilly Merrick ; Golden Mon, was fent after as a Supply; Chief, was allotted to the Hand of Fayal, that of Graliofd \ “ Hope, -- ; Forefight, Sir Carew Reignal ; St. An- was affigned to the Lords Howard and Fere, and the Illand : >' drew. Captain Throgmorton ; Tramontana, Captain Fen- of Rio to Sir Walter Raleigh. The latter having broke : “ nor, junior ; Moon, Sir Edward Mtcbelboorn. Befides his Main-yard off of Cape Finifierre, was not come up to I « which, fome of her Majefty’s Email Pinnaces attended the Fleet when this Refoluiion was taken ; however, judg- ; « the Fleet.” , ing rightly what would be determined, as foon as he had The States, who concurred in this Expedition, added repaired his Damage, he purfued his Courfe to the Azores, . 10 Men of War under Myn Heer Van Dtcvenvord. The where, at the Ifland Flores, he met the Fleet again. Buc : whole Fleet was divided into three Squadrons; the firft Sir Walter Raleigh being in want of Water, and fending : under the Command of the Ear] of Ejfex, who was Gene- fome of his Men on Shore, without previous Leave had i ral and Commander in Chief in this Expedition; the fe- from the Earl of EJJex, to fupply his Want, was com- | cond was commanded by the Lord Thomas Howard ; and manded by the General, before they had hardly begun to ; the third by Sir Walter Raleigh ; Charles Blount, Lord fill their Cafks, to follow him immediately-to Fayal. This I Matjcy, commanded the Land-forces, under the Earl of he did accordingly, but not finding him there, and, upon | Ejfex, Sir Francis Vere was Marlhal de Camp, Sir George taking a View of the Harbour, perceiving the Inhabitants : Correo Lieutenant of the Ordnance, and Sir Cbrifiopher were carrying off their Kffcfts, and the Garrifon fortify- i Bkunt firft Colonel. With thefe went likewife the Earls ing themfeives with Retrenchments, he confulted with the : of Rutland and Southampton, the Lords Grey, Cromwell and reft of the Commanders in his Company, and they una- : Rich, with feveral Knights and Perfons of Quality, as Vo- nimoufly agreed to attack that Place, if the Earl ot' Ejfex lunteers. fhould not arrive in four Days “. The Defign of this Armament was to furprize and ruin And the Earl not coming in that Time, they landed the Preparations made by the Spaniards to invade Ireland, about four Miles from the Haven, and putting the Spa¬ in the Harbours of the Groyne and Ferrol-, then to take niards, who came down upon them, to the Flight, after and keep Poffelfion of the Hand of Terzera, and to wait having watered their Ships, they marched forwards, and for the homeward-bound Indian Fleet there, or at fome poffeffed themfeives of the Town, but did not find the other Hands of the Azores. And it fet fail on the ninth Booty they expedted. This Action bred ill Blood be- ofjWyfr— - -- - ' ”-’• ’ " ’ ’ ' ” " Plymouth ; but by bad Weather, being much ...lageu, was obliged to return to Plymouth ; and was >t able to get out again till the 17th of Augufi. Sir William Monfon fays, that before this fecond Depar- ----- t | 10U gij t neceffary, for the Lengthning out of ons, to difeharge the 5000 new-raifed Land- id only to Ice their Pro; the Earl, who arriv’d next Day, and Raleigh ; and though they laid afide their Rcfcntments for the prefent,- Matters were carried fo far, upon the Infir.uation of fome of Raleigh’s Enemies, (who would have had him, if not executed, at lead difmiffed the Service, for Difobetlience of Orders) that he was called before the Council of War, Veterans on-board the and feverely reproved by Ejfex. His Anfwer was, “That * “ the Captains, Pilots, and others under Command, were The Account of this Expedition, ligned by the Earl of “ bound by thole Orders, but not the three Generals, of W‘*, the Lord Thomas Howard, the Lord Montjoy, Sir “ which himfelf was one: That he had cxpidled his iVdter Raleigh, Sir Francis Vere, Sir Anthony Sherley, and “ Coming a great while, and would have done fo longer,- Sir Cbrijlopber Blunt, having declared, that he had her “ had not the Inhabitants of the Place denied him Water, Majefty’s Order for difeharging thefe Forces, adds : - . “ which he wanted to that Extremity, that he was obliged „ “ % this Means, though we were difabled to land at “ to win it by the Sword.” This Anfwer, with a fmall i( renal, to beat the Land-army there, Me. yet I, the Acknowledgment of his Fauir, to which he was per¬ il 9 ™ Era '> offered her Majefty to fend in certain Fire- fuaded by the Lord Thomas Howard, appeafed the Earl’s ■hips, and to fecond them with the St. Matthew and the Refentment for the prefent \ ^ThbDeUyorfoarDayswasoceafionedby And * id, upon Eflt William M. nothing (he 3i4 A NEW NAVAL HISTORY: Whilft thefe Things were in Agitation, the Spainfu Gar- plunder it; and the General himfelf, fetting afiJe hit C-- rifon quitted the Fott, near the Town, in which were racter, went in a Boat to difcover a convenient found two EngSJhaeu, with their Throats cut \ Some Men place; but found all Things there lo well prepared f or 'S’ ■were far sway to fearcb the-llland, which they pillaged Reception, that this Defign was judged imprafiicabk a!f 0 ' here and there, and fo returned, without performing any However, leaving Ralcigb with lome Ships to amufe F great Feats; and after they had carried off the Ordnance Enemy at that Place, with the Apprehenfions of his L sn j' lound in the Forts and Town, they burnt it to the Ground, ing, he went himfclf with the reft to Villa Franca, a They failed in Conjunction with the reft of the Fleet to neat Town about.fix Miles diftant, well (locked withMu’ Graciofa, another of the Azores, where the Inhabitants, chandife, particularly Ytinc and Wood. This Place L following the Example of thofe of Flares, fubmitted them- furprifed, and took without any great Oppofition; j,j felves to the Mercy of the Englijb, and fo obtained Quarter, making a Stay there of about fix Days, the Soldiers f 0Uj( j The Lord-general intended to have landed here, to wait a tolerable Booty. For the Arrival of the American Fleet: But being un- Raleigh, who waited the Return of Effex to St.Mchtg, luckily diffuaded from it by Grave, one of his Pilots, with lome Impatience, difcovered at Sea an Eafi-hiiia C at ! who pretended it was not a commodious Haven for Ship- rack, and a finall Brazil Ship. The Commander of tk* ping, he fetSail, with the bell: Part of the Fleet to St. Carrack perceiving, by the firing of Guns on-board oik Michaels, leaving Sir Francis Vcre and Sir Nicholas Par- of the hutch Ships, which fet fail and fired, contrary t0 her to cruife between Gralicfa and Si. George's Eland, and the Orders and Inftruftions given, that an Enemy Va the Earl of Southampton and Sir miliam Monjon to do the near, and prefently after difeovering the Ships which lay like to the Weftward of Gralicfa. But the Earl had no in wait for her, run her on-ihore, juft under the Town, fooner left that IOand (Camden fays fcarce above two Hours) where her Cargo being taken out, with all poffible Haile’ but the Flota of America arrived there, confifting of 40 ihe was fet on-fire, and burnt for two Days together'. Sail (feven whereof had Plate on-board) which, as foon as As Fortune feemed to declare herfelf againft the EoA they had Notice that the Englijb were in thofe Seas, imme- they refolved to make the beft of their Way home; and diately bore away to Tercera ; where they arrived all in fetting Sail from St. Michael’s on the gth of October, they Safety, and put for Shelter into the Port of Angra, the met, three Days after, with a violent Storm, which dif. chief of the llland, which was ftrongly defended by feveral perfed the Fleet for feveral Days; but all arrived lafe about Forts, having good Garrilons, and mounted with Cannon, the End of the fame Month. And tho’ the Earl of Southampton and Captain Fere at¬ tempted to crowd into the Haven with great Boats at The Spanijh Fleet, which lay at Ferrol, having put from Midnight, and to cut the Cables of the neareft Ships, that thence with great Defigns .and Preparations againft the they might be forced to Sea by the Gulls which blew from Coaft of England, fuffered very much in the fame Storm, the Shore; the Spaniards keptfuch a very Uriel Watch, that Several of their Ships were loft, and one was forced into their Project took no Effect. Wherefore Southampton, Vere Dartmouth, by Strels of Weather, with her Men almoit and Mcnfon, dilpatched a Frigate to St. Michael's, to give familhed. According to the Report of thefe Men, the the Lord General Advice of what had palled, and to inform Defign of the Enemy was to have feized fome Port in him, that they would undertake to hinder the Enemy from Cornwall, as being molt convenient, by reafon of its Sirua- getting out to Sea, provided he would come to their Aid. tion at the Mouth of the Brltijh Channel; and this Port, EJfex having in a Day or two got his Fleet together, when taken, they propofed to have kept, in order to find came and confulted with the other Commanders what Mea- the Englijb a Diverfion at home, and facilitate their Con¬ futes were to be taken. The Earl, in his own Account of veyance of Succours from Spain to Ireland, by having a this Expedition, tranfmitted to the Queen, fays, that in Flarbour to retreat to, in cafe of bad Weather, his way he met with a great Ship belonging to the Go- Sir IVilliam Monfon’s Account of thefe Tranfaflions, and vernor of Hcvannab, and a Frigate of the King of Spain's efpecially of the Efcape of the India Fleet, and of theCir- manned with his own Soldiers, together with another Fri- cumftances which attended, and were the Confequences of gate belonging to a private Pcrfon, ail which he took and it, in which he was a principal Adtor, containing feveral manned, for the fafe bringing home of the Ships and Particulars not mentioned by other Authors, I (hall give it Goods. Sit Alexander Gorges fays the largeft of thefe Ships the Reader at large from his own Tradts, in Manufcript, was of 400 Tons, and eftcemed to be a very rich Ship, as in the Cottonian Library. well for the Loading, as for the Paffengcrs who were in “ The Lord General (fays he) having fent fome Men her. Some of the chief Officers were now for attacking “ of good Account into the Bland of Graciofa, to fee there the Town and Fleet, and thought it a very feafible At- “ Ihouid be no evil Meafures offered to the Pcrlugutft, tempt; and EJfex joined in the fame Opinion. The Seamen “ having palfcd his Word to the contrary, thofe Men ad- thought otherwife; however, they very readily offered their “ vertifed him of four Sail of Ships deferied from the Service, both by Sea and Land. “ Shore, and one of them ihewing greater than the reft, Buz EJfex himlelf, and Mor.tjcy, with fome others, having ie leemed to be a Carrack. My Lord conceived great Joy afterwards taken a View of the Place, and the Enemy, “ upon this News, and divided his Fleet into three Squa- and finding the latter in a very advantageous Situation, “ drons, to be commanded by himfelf, the Lord Thoms with their Ships drawn up clofe under the Forts; and be- “ Howard, and Sir Walter Raleigh. The next Ship to my fides, that the Haven was fecured by good Fortifications, “ Lord of the Queen’s was the Rainbow, wherein Sir IFd- with a ftrong Garrifon, and feveral Guns mounted, and “ Ham Monjon went, who received Direction from my that the Wind was fo contrary that their Granadoes and “ Lord to fleer away South that Night, and if he Ihouid Bombs could do them no Service ; they who were the moll “ meet with any Fleet to follow them, carrying Lights, forward in die Propofals, were molt backward in the Exe- “ fhooting off his Ordnance, or any other Sign that he cution; and came to a Rcfolurion not to make any At- “ could make; and if he met with no Ships, to diredt his tempt on them, and returning with the Fleet to St. Mi- “ Courfe, the next Day, to the llland of St. Micbaih i chads, came to an Anchor before Puma Dc/gada, where “ but promifing that Night to fend 12 Ships after him- they intended to have made a Drfcent, and to have at- “ Sir IVilliam befought my Lord, by the Pinnace that tacked this City, the chief of the llland. The Soldiers “ brought him this DireSion, that above all Things he being pleafed with the Place, had a great Inclination to “ Ihouid have a care to difpatch a Squadron to the Road A NEW NAVAL HISTORY.' in Water, c 318 Larpon, and homewards Captain Jcbr. Watts ; Centurion , up to their Waiil Captain Henry Palmer, and homewards his Son William they were obliged t< __ Palma- ; Gaiieoo Ccrjlar.ce, Captain Hercules Fofyambe ; tended with better Succefs; and indeed the Defim * l " AjfeSicn, Captain Flemming-, Guiana, Captain Cbrijtopber better laid and carried on ; for while a Party of Mulct* 8 Celiburji, and homewards Captain Gerard Middleton ; Scout, was employed to beat the Enemy from their Ordnanc ^ Captain Henry Joliffe-, Anthony, Captain Robert Carelefs, and one Side, another of Shot and Pikes was fet afhorc'on" S after his Dc2th Captain Andrew Andre-ms-, Pegafus, Captain other Side, between the fc'ort and the Town ; and? Edusard Goodmin-.Royal Defence, Captain Henry Bromley, former played their Parts fo well, that the latter’ had a f' Margaret and yen, Captain John Dixon -, Barkley Bay, Opportunity of landing without Oppofition. The 5 * Captain John Ley old Frigate, Captain William Harper niards, after a brifk Refiflance, retired from their Fn- and r ->'0 Barges for landing Men. leaving it in the Poffeffion of the Englijb ; and they hi! On-board this Fleet were alfo fhipped many Gentlemen deferred the Town likewife ; a Town larger than Voluntiers; amongftwhom were not a few well experienced mouth, within the Fortifications, well built, and bcautifieii in military Again, who propofed to make a Defcent on with a fine Monaftery and Cathedral, the Spar.ijb Dominions; Sir John Berkley being appointed The Earl of Cumberland being now poffcffed of the Tom Lieutenant-general under the Earl. It failed from Plymouth and Port, which was accounted by the Spaniards the Kt" on the 6th of March ; and they made the beg of their of America, was fully determined, or. account of its convi way for the Coaft of Old Spain, hoping to meet with five nient Situation, to have made it a Place of War, and from rich Carracks bound for the Eajl-Indies, and 20 Brazil thence to have cruifed upon the Enemy. This Dtfign m " ’ ’ " ed waited their fail- only plcafed his Lurdlhip, but was fo highly agrctahkn, at their Appearance all the Englijb under his Command, that they whofe Nam-j. Merchantmen, which they were ing Orders from the Spanijb Cou; on the Coaft too foon, fruftrated the general Expeditions were enrolled in of thefe Prizes; their failing Orders being countermanded, felves much favoured. Therefore the Earl rejebtaf"ll So that after rhe Englijb Fleer had fearched all the Coaft Offers of Ran&m, and obliged all. the Inhabitants to d' t - as far as Cape Si. Vincent, without taking any thing but a part, notwithftanding they made him confiderable Ofe HamburgEcr laden with Com, Copper, Powder, and other of rich Goods, befides Gold and Silver-plate, if they might prohibited Goods, a French Ship laden with Salt, and two be allowed to continue in their Houfes. But thefe Mtj. P.cer.ijh Vcffeis laden with Com, they fetcht their Courfe fures were foon fruftrated by a violent Flux which carded for the Canaries, and landed on the Ifland Lancerota, which off fb many of his Men, that the Number left could no: they took and ravaged, without much Refinance* or'Ad- be fufficient both for manning- the Fleet home, and keep" vantage. ing the Place. They went alhore at firft above loop This Ifland, and that of Fcrlerenlura adjoining thereto, in Number; but now they were fo reduced, by this and were under the abfolute Command of a Spanijb Marquis, other Diftempers, that they could hardly reckon above who had a very ftrong Stone-caftle, no orherwife acceifible 300 % which fo dilcouragcd thofe- left behind, who ex- than by Ladders, flanked and fortified in the mod advan- peeled no better Fate than their Companions, that the tageous Manner,, and defended by a great Number of Earl refolved not to flay, and (hewed- a Willingnefs to Brals-guns, and 200 Guards and Servants y and yet* tho’ treat with the Spaniards for the Ranfom of their lllanif 20 Men might with Eafe have defended it againft 500,. and City ; but they were fo' far from being fo free b they ccurageoufly fled, and left it a Prey to the Englijb, fo their Offers, as they had been at firft, that being fen- terrible was the very Name of them to the Spaniards at Able of the miferable State of Health of the Englijb, tlay that time. appeared to deal very coldly and indifferently in the Mat- They failed from hence on the 21 ft of April for Demi- ter, and to have fome other treacherous Deligns on-focr. nica ; and landed there on the 23d of May, and Hard 'till In-the mean time he took a Caravel from Margarita which the iff of June to water and refit. came into the Harbour, with Paffengers bound for Spent, At the llrgin IfLands the Earl landed, and muttered all nnd the Value of about 1000 Ducats in Pearl. By hr his Men ; and then declared, in a full Affcmbly, that his the Earl being informed that .the Pearl-ciieft at Margarita Defign was upon Puerto Rieca ; where arriving at length on was at that time vaftly rich, and but flendcrly guarded, his the 6th of June, they landed 1000 Men, attacked the Lordlhip ordered three Ships thither to attempt the taking Town of that Name, and after having taken the Fort and this Treafure ; but Margarita lying S. E. ur S. E. and by Cattles, foon made themfelves Mailers of it, with the Lofs S. from Puerto liicco, and the Winds at that time of tie of not above 30 Men; tho’ there was in the Place 2 Gar- Year blowing conftantiy E. S. E. or S. E. and by E. they rifon of 400, who made a flout Refiflance the firft Arrack, were forced back fruftrate of their Hopes. And finding and obliged the Englijb to retire. that the Spaniards continued trifling with him, and bring Their Pafiage to the Town, after they were landed, was confirmed in his Opinion that they “had fome Treachery in over horrid Cliffs and Rocks, with only one Negtoe, half View, that Earl fet fail himfclf from Puerto Ricco, on the frightened to Death, for their Guide. Between thefe Cliffs 14th of Augujl, leaving Sir John Berkley there, as well with and the Ifland, on which the Town flood, was a fmall the better half of the Fleet, as with full Power and Corn- Arm of the Sea, and they had no Boats to carry them mifion to do all Things in his Abfence. over, which put them to a Stand what to do. At length His Lordfnip took with him the Scourge and the Sattpfte, they difeovered a Communication between the two Illands ana of the fniaikr Veflcls,' the Royal Defence, the Frigate, by a narrow Caufeway, leading to a Bridge which was the Scout, the Elizabeth, the Guiana, and two little Ships, drawn up. .On the other Side of the Bridge was a ftrong a Frenchman, and a Spanijb Frigate, which he'found in the Barricade, and beyond that a Fort, from whence the Spa- Harbour. So that he left with Sir John the Strength of niards fcoureo the Caufeway with feveral Pieces of Ord- the Navy, the Afcenjion, the Galleon, the Akcdo, the Cat- nance, and their fmall Arms. They had befides made 'Sent, the Pegafus, the Centurion, two ftrong Fly-boats,, and this Caufeway lb rugged and difficult of Pafiage, that the the Anthony. Englijb chofe rather to wade in the Water by the Side The Reafon of the Earl’s Departure, and leaving Sir ir - ' John Berkley to finilh his Concerns at Puerto Ricco was the However, neither, thefe Difcouragements, nor the Heat earned Defire he had of being early at the Illands, where of the Day, nor the D2rkneis of the enfuing Night* not he hoped to intercept the Mexico Fleet, or fome of the the Misfortune which befd the Earl, who was carried off Carracks. How long Sir John ftaid alter the Earl was very ill by a Fall from the Caufeway into the Sea (where, gone is uncertain ; as is alfo what Conclufion was made of the Weight and Incumbrance of his Armour had very near’ the Affair between the Spaniards and them; but this is drowned him) difpirited the Soldiers* who prelftd on with certain,' that after a violent Storm (in which both Fleets ar, undaunted^ Courage to the very Gate of the Barricado,' were very near loft) Sir John’s Ships came up with the and began to hew down with Bills and Hatchets. But they Earl’s at the Ifland of Flores ; from whence they departed met with fo (tout a Refiftance from the Spaniards, and the on the Gxteenth of September, and proceeded to England, Day,-together with the Tide, which obliged them to fight without' meeting with any remarkable Adventure, and IW* 320 A NEW N A V A