lEii fuijninifiifgfrifgnuiifiiiTiniFgfri^ THE LIBRARIES IS^ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY I 1 i -^ 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, At a General Meeting of the Irish Arch^ological Society, held in the Board Room of the Royal Irish Academy, Grafton-street, Dub- lin, on Monday, the 13th day of June, 1842, Geokge Petrie, Esq., M. R. I. A., R. H. A., in the Chair. The Secretary opened the proceedings by reading the following Report of the Council, agreed upon at tlieir Meeting of the 2nd of June : " The Council, at tlic end of their year of oiEce, are liappy to be able to announce that the prospects of the Society are such as to leave but little doubt of its futvu-e success. " They have still, however, to complain that the nobility and gentry of Ire- land have not joined the Society in sullicicnt numbers to enable It to undertake the publication of the more voluminous and difficult of our ancient records. The total number of Members now on our books being but 241, besides thirteen, who have not yet psiid their subscriptions. " One cause of this has doubtless been, that the objects of the Society have been but little known, and where known, have been but imperfectly understood. In Ireland, where every thing is unhappily viewed, more or less, through the medium of party, it seemed to the public difficult to conceive how any Society could be formed without a leaning to one side or the other, and many persons very naturally held back until the real character of the Society should more a fully fully develope itself. It is evident, however, from tlie mere inspection of our list of Members, tliat these feelings have had but a partial operation ; and the Society may congratulate itself in having been one of the few successful attempts in this comitry to induce men to forget their differences, and unite together in the promotion of a great national xmdertaking. "In addition to this temporary cause of prejudice against the Society, it has unfortunately happened that several accidental circumstances have retarded the completion of our publications during the past year ; so that we have had, to the public, the appearance of doing nothing, and many were led to doubt whether we were in a condition to fulfil our engagements to oiu' Members. " These and such like difficulties, however, which have probably kept back many who ought naturally to have joined us, must gradually be removed by the publications of the Society ; which, it is hoped, will not only eifectually convince the public of the purity of oiu" intentions, and of the possibility of carrying out our design without any party bias, but also make known the great value and interest of the historical documents which it is the object of the Society to bring to light. " It is necessarj^ however, to explain to the Society tlie cause of the delay that has taken place in the appearance of the volumes, which have been an- nounced as the intended publications of the jJast year. " The idea of establishing a Society for the publication of the ancient his- torical and literary remains of Ireland was first seriously entertained at the close of the year 1 840 ; and a Provisional Council was then foimed for the purpose of ascertaining, by correspondence with the literary characters of the day, and by circulating a brief statement of the object proposed, whether a Society such as that to which we now belong would be hkely to meet with support from the public. " Several months, however, were necessarily spent in these preliminary mea- sures, and early in the year 1 841, the Provisional Coimcil had received promises of such respectable support, as to convince them that success was reasonably certain, and that they might safely proceed to the regular formation of the So- ciety. " A Meeting was accordingly called in May, 1 84 1 , at which the fundamental laws of the Society were agreed upon, and your present Council appointed for carrying your designs into effect. " Up " Up to tliat time, liowever, scarcely any preparations liad been made for printing. The Provisional Conncil had been in a great measure occupied in the correspondence necessary for tlie formation of the Society : nor was it pos- sible for them, until tlicy had ascertained how far jiublic support could be ob- tained, to enter upon the engagements necessary for the preparation of man)- wo)-ks with a view to the future publications of the Society. " All this, therefore, became the duty of your present Council : and they have endeavoured to make such arrangements, as they hope will ensure to the ]\Iembers the regular appearance, within reasonable intervals, of the Society's books. All the works intended for the present year are in the hands of the ])rinters, and those in progress are many of them ready for the press, as soon as the fluids at the disposal of the Council will permit their being under- taken. " The Council, in addition to the volume of Tracts, and tlie volume of Grace's Annals, already in the hands of the Society, have resolved that the Book of Obits of Christ-Church Cathedral, edited by the Rev. ]\Ir. Crosthwaite, shall also be given to all who were Members in the j'ear 1841, or who have paid the subscription for that year. " This latter work, though far advanced, is not yet completed ; and from the peculiar difEculties it presents, the necessity of the most exact and carcfid collation with the original, and the laborious index and notes which the Editor is preparing, and which will greatly enhance its value, its progress through the press must necessarily be slow. " It is probable, therefore, that some of the works announced for the year 1842, will be issued before the Book of Obits is ready for delivery. But this inconvenience the Council are convinced the Society will gladly submit to, rather than run the risk of doing injustice to the Editor of a volume of such singular difHculty and interest, by any attempt to hurry its publication. " Cormac's Glossary, which has been for some time in Mr. O'Donovan's hands, is ready for the press. But it has been held back, partly because the funds of the Society will not at present admit of its being proceeded with, and partly because there arc some MSS. in England, which ought to be collated before such a work shoidd be put forth. The collation of these MSS., how- ever, would be attended with great expense, as it woidd be necessary to send over to Ensland a competent person, and to support him during his stay in the a 2 neighbourhooit neighbourliood of the Libraries where the MSS. to be consulted are preserved. The Council have therefore thought it better to defer the publication of this work for the present ; and in the meantime tliey are engaged in such iuqidries as they hope may ultimately lead to the satisfactory accomplishment of their purpose. " The Royal Visitation Book of the Province of Armagh in 1622, has been for some time ready for the press, but as it will be a volume of some bulk, and from the quantity of tabular matter it contains, expensive in printing, it has been deferred, until the funds of the Society are Increased. " For the same reason Mr. Curry's translations of the ancient Irish historical tales, 'The History of the Boromean Tribute,' and 'The Battle of Cairn Chu- naill,' liave been postponed, although both are ready for the press. " There is one other topic upon which it will be necessary to say a few words. "The number and value of the works which have been assigned to the Members of the last and present years, very far exceed the actual means of the Society ; nor will it be possible for the Council to bring out books of equal value, in future years, unless tlie number of the Members be very nuich in- creased. The Council, however, have thought it better to proceed on the sup- position that the full number of jNIembers, at present limited by the Rules of the Society to 500, will ultimately be obtained, and, therefore, they have not hesi- tated to rim the risk, in the first instance, of drawing somewhat more largely than they would be justified in doing hereafter, on the capital of the Society. They have every hope, however, that the publication of the volumes now in progress will bring in a large accession of Members to the Society ; and they would press upon the existing Members the necessity of exerting their influence with tlieir friends for this purpose. " It is desirable to have it made known, that Members now joining the So- ciety can obtain the books for the year 1 84 1 , on paying the subscription of One Pound for that year ; a privilege which the Council have allowed to such Members as have joined since the last annual Meeting, and which they would recommend to continue for the present year. However, they are of opinion tliat hereafter, the books of past years, if any should remain, ought to be sold to new Members at an advanced price, to be determined by the Council for the time being. " Since "Since the appearance of our iirst publlcatiun, tlie i'ollowinf( noblemen and gentlemen liave joined the Society : The Right Hon. Lord Eliot. The Right Hon. Lord Albert Conyngham. Sir Montague L. Chapman, Bart. Sir Aubrey De Vere, Bart. John Ynyr Burges, Esq. Thomas Fortescue, Esq. Rev. James Kennedy Bailie, D. D. Clement Ferguson, Esq. Thomas Hutton, Esq. Rev. James Graves. Rev. Classon Porter. Rev. Charles Grogan. Samuel Grajme Fenton, Esq. Colman M. O'Loghlan, Esq. William Hughes, Esq. Robert Ewing, Esq. Rev. Matthew Kelly. James W. Cusack, Esq., M. D. Thomas Kane, Esc|., M. D. (for the Limerick Institution). Edward Wilmot Chetwode, Esq. Rev. John N. Traherne. Edward Magrath, Esq. (for the Athena?um Club, London). Colonel Birch. William Ciu'ry, Jun., Esq.. " The name of William Torrens M'Cullagh, Esq., was omitted, by an acci- dent, in the list of original Members, published with the last Report ; and the name of John Low, Esq., was inserted in the same list by a mistake. " During the past year the Society has lost one of its original Members, the Rev. Caasar Otway, by death. " In conclusion, the Council have to announce that his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, upon being informed of the objects of the Society, was graciously pleased to accept the office of Patron, and the Council have had the honour of presenting to his Excellency copies of the Society's publications." The Repoi-t having been read, the following Resolutions were adopted unanimously : " I . That the Report now read be received and printed, and that the thanks of the Society be given to the Council for their services." " 2. That the respectful thanks of this Meeting be presented to His Excel- lency the Lord Lieutenant, for his gracious condescension In accepting the office of Patron of the Society." "3. That Dr. A. Smith and Mr. Hardiman be appointed Auditors of the Accounts of the Society for the ensuing year, and that their statement of the accounts of the Society be printed as an Appendix to the Report." His His Grace tlie Duke of Leinster was then elected President of the Society for the ensuing year, and the following Noblemen and Gentlemen were elected as the Council : The Rir.HT Hon. the Earl of Lei- trim. The Kight Hon. the Viscount Adare, M. p., M. R. I. A. The Lord George Hill. John Smith Furlong, P]sq., Q. G. Rev. Richard Butler, M. R. L A. Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D., V. P. R. L A. James Mac Gullagh, Esq., LL. D., Sec. R. L A. Gaptain Larcom, R. E., M. R. L A. Aquilla Smith, M. H., M. R. I. A. George Petrie, Esquire, R. H. A., M. R. I. A. Jos. H. Smith, Esq., A.M.,M.R.LA. James Hardiman, Esq., M. R. LA. It was then moved by tlie Rev. J. C. Ckosthwaite, and seconded by George Smffh, Esq., "That die thanks of the Society be presented to the Coyncil of the Royal Lish Academy for their kindness in giving the Society the use of their rooms for the present Meeting." And then the Society adjourned. RErORT O O «3 'Tj fe W o ^ o p=p - H g 1— ( M •-Í n p o P ^ w •5i -^ Ph w o W '-r^ yU ^ H < -n o ÍÍ P4 Pm o )— 1 H O w -s .2 "a U i; « eq B J << 5 1^ e-> !>% M pq pq cj . ^ oooooooco ooot^ooo-to c o o cc o o ^ a. „ ^ ■S .5 '5 ; » •- 4! ■ S o ■ .s ° « s ^ == 11!" m «1 o ■ c •r' .- t- 3 U i^f-H ■ he E^ w ° •- 5 3 j= '2 "2 .^5 3 S be ^ - g 2 c» ■ -i^ , «i o • S ° .2 I'M sh ^ CM cj •" I ^ - > o c o<Í2 .9 o o P^ «M rt o 3 CO ^ ' — '2 o _' c. ; •^ -r g . ^ gfi'^ -M IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 1842. patron : HIS EXCELLENCY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND. ^rcsííicnt : HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF LEINSTER. eTounctl : JiiE liiGHT Hon. the E.\rl of Leitrim. 'J'he Eight Hon. the Viscount Adake, M. P., M. R. I. A. Lord Georoe Hill, M. K. L A. John Smith Furlong, Esii.,Q.C., Trea- surer. Rev. Richard Butler, M. I!. I. A. Captain Larcom, R. E., M. R. I. A. Rev. J. H. Todd, D. 1)., V. P. R. I. A., Se- cretary. James Mac Cullagh, Esq., LL. D., Sec. R. L A. AciuiLLA Smith, M. D., M. R. L A. George Petrie, Esq., R. H. A., M. R. L A. Jos. H. Smith, Esq., A. M., M. E. L A. James Hardiman, Esq., M. R. L A. Jitcmbcrs of {Life Members ar, His Grace the Archbishop of Ca.nterbuuy. His Grace the Lord Primate of Ireland. * His Grace the Duke of Bickingham. * His Grace the Dike of Leinster. His Grace the Duke of Northumberland. The Marquis of Conyngham. The Marquis of DowNSHiRE. The Marquis of Elv. The Marquis of Ormonde. * The Marquis of Kildare. The Earl of Bandon. The Earl of Carlisle. The Earl of Cawdor. The Earl of Charlemont, M. R. I. A. The Earl of Donougilmore. HjE ^otÍEtg. ' marked thus *.] The Earl of Dunraven. The Earl of Enniskillen. The Earl of Fife. The Earl Fitzwilliam. The Earl Fortescue. The Earl of Leitrim, M. R. I. A. The Earl of Meath. The Earl of Powis. The Earl of Rosse, M. R. I. A. The Viscount De Vesci. The Viscount Lismore. The Viscount Lorton. The Viscount Massareene. * The Viscount Palmerston. The Viscount Powerscourt. The lO The Viscount Templetown. The Viscount Acheson, M. P. The ViscoDNT Adabe, M. P., U. R. I. A. The Viscount Morpeth. The Lord Eliot, M. P. Lord George Him., M. R. L A. Lord Albert Convngham. The Lord Bishop of Chichester. The Lord Bishop of Cashel, Waterford, and LisMOUE. The Lord Bishop of Clogher. The Lord BisHOPof Cork, Cloyne. and Ross. The Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe. The Lord Bishop of Down, Connor, and Dromore. The Lord Bishop of Kilmore, Elphin. and Ardagh. The Lord Bishop of Kildare. Lord Carberry. Lord Cremorne. Lord Farnham. Lord Fitzgerald and Vesci. Abraham Abell, Esq., M.R.LA., Cork. William Antisell, Esq., Abbey-st. , Dublin. .TohnH. Armstrong, Esq., A.B., Fitzwilliam- square, Dublin. Rev. James Kennedy Bailie, D.D., i\L R. L A., Ardtrea House, Stewartstown. Hugh Barton, jun., Esq., Regent-street, London. Robert Bateson, Esq., Belview, Belfast. Miss Beaufort, Hatch-street, Dublin. Sir Michael Dillon Bellew, Bart., Mount Dillon, Galway. Rev. William M. Beresford, Ballytore. Colonel R. H. Bird], Dublin. .John Blachford, Esq., 30, Moorgate-strcet, London. Maxwell Blacker, Esq., Q. C, Mcrrion- square, Dublin. Loftus Bland, Esq., Pembroke-st., Dul)lin. Bindon Blood, Esq., M.R.LA., F.R.S.E., Edinburgh. •Beriah Botfield, Esq., M.P., M.R.LA., London. Right Hon. Maziere Brady, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, M.R.LA. Haliday Bruce, Esq., M.R.LA., Dublin. .Tohn Bruce, Esq., F.S.A., London. Rev. Doctor Brunton, Edinburgh. Samuel Bryson, Esq., Belfast. ■lohn Ynyr Burges, Esq., Parkanaur, Dun- gannon. Rev. Samuel Butcher, A.M., M.R.LA., Fel- low of Trinity College, Dublin. Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R. I. A., Trim. Robert Callwell, Esq.. M.R.LA., Herbert- place, Dublin. Edward Cane, Esq., M.R.LA., Dawson-st., Dublin. George Carr, Esq., M.R. I. A., Mountjov-sq., Dulilin. *Rev. .Joseph Carson, A.M., M.R.LA.. Fel- low of Trinity College. Dublin. Rev. William Carus, A.M., Fellow of Tri- nity College, Cambridge. Thomas Cather, Esq., 20, Blessington-.street. Dublin. Sir Montague L. Chapman, Bart., Killua Castle, Athboy. Edward Wilmot Chetwode, Esq., M.R.LA.. Woodbrook, Portarlington. Rev. Wm. Cleaver, A.M., Delgany. Rev. Thomas De Vere Coneys, A. M.. Professor of L-ish in the Universitv of Dublin. Fred. W. Conway, Esq.. M.R.LA., Rafh- mines-road, Dublin. .T. R. Cooke, Esq., Blessington-st., Dublin. • Rev. G. E. Corrie, B. D., Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall, Cambridge. Verv 1 1 Verv Rev. Henry Cotton, D.(-'. L., Dean of Lismore. Thomas Coulter, Esi|., M.D., M.R.I.A., Trinity College, Dublin. .James T. Gibson Craig, Esq., Edinburgh. Rev. Jolm C. Crosthwaite, A.M., Dean's Vicar, Christ f/hurch Cathedral, Dublin. Rev. Edward Cupples, LL. B., V. G. of Down and Connor, Lisburn. Miss J. M. Richardson Currer, Eshton Hall, Yorkshire. * Eugene Curry, Esq., Dublin. William Curry, Jun., Esq., Dublin. * James W. Cusack, Esq., M.D., KiUlare-st., Dublin. Rev. Robert Daly, A.M., Powerscomt. C. Wentworth Dilke, Esq., London. Rev. Robert V. Dixon, A.M., M.R.I.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. W. C. Dobbs, Esq., Fitzwilliam-pl., Dublin. Major Francis Dvmne, A. D. C, Brittas, Clonaslee. Rev. Charles R. Elrington, D.D.. M.R.I. A., Regius Professor of Divinity, Dublin. Robert Ewing, Esq., Greenock. Samuel Graime Fenton, Esq., Belfast. Sir Robert Ferguson, Bart., M.P., London- derry. Clement Ferguson, Esq. Patrick Vincent Fitzpatriok, Esq., Eccles- street, Dublin. Thomas Fortescue, Esq., Ravensdule. W. D. Freeman, Esq., Upper Mount-street, Dublin. Alfred Furlong, Esq., Newcastle, County Limerick. ,Iohn S. Furlong, Esq., Q. C, Leeson-street, Dublin. Edmund Getty, Esq., Victoria-place, Belfast. Rev. Richard Gibbings, A.M., Trinity Col- lege, Dublin. Michael Henry Gill, Esq., Great Brunswick- street, Dublin. The Knight of Glin, Limerick. G. B. Grant, Esq., Grafton-street, Dublin. Robert Graves, Esq., M. D., M. R. 1. A., Dublin. Rev. James Graves, Borris in Ossory. John Gray, Esq., Greenock. Right Hon. Thomas Grcnville, Cleveland- square, London. Rev. Charles Grogan, Harcourt-st., Dulilin. John Gumley, Esq., LL.D., St. Stephens- green, Dublin. James Haire, Esq., Snmmer-hill, Dublin. Sir Benjamin Hall, Bart., M. P., Wimpole- street, London. .L Orch.-,rd Halliwoll, Esq., Hon. M.R.I.A., London. James Hardiman, Esq., M.R.I.A., Galway. Andrews. Hart, Esq., LL.D., M.R.I.A.. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Hon. Algernon Herbert, Safi'ron Walden. John E. Herrick, Esq., I'elmount, Cookstuwn. Thomas Hewitt, Esq,, Cork. Sir J. W. H. Homan, Bart., Cappoquin. W. E. Hudson, Esq., Upper i'itzwilliani- street, Dublin. William Hughes, Esq., Westland-row, Dublin. John Hely Hutchinson, Esq., Paris. Thomas Hutton, Esq., Dublin. Sir Robert H. Inglis, Bart., M.P., London. Rev. James Ingram, D.D., President of Tri- nity College, Oxford. David Irving, Esq., LL.D., Edinburgh. John H. Jellett, Esq., A.B., M.R.I.A., Fel- low of Trinity College, Dublin. * Robert Jones, Esq., Fortland, Dromore West. Robert Kane, Esq., M.D., M.R.I.A., Glou- cester-street, Dublin. William Kane, Esq., Gloucester-st., Dublin. Thomas Kane, Esq., M.D., Limerick. Denis H. Kelly, Esq., Castle Kelly, Moimt Talbot. Rev. Matthew Kelly, Maynooth College. Flenry Kemmis, Esq., Q. C, Mei-rion-squarc, Dublin. The Rt. Hon. tl.e Knight of Kerry, Listowell. Rev. Kev. Henn- líarrv Knox, Monks Eleigh, Bilderstone, Sutiolk. George J. Knox, Esq., M.R.I. A., Maddox- street, London. David Laing, Esq., Signet Library, Edin- burgh. Henry Lanauze, Esq., College-green, Dublin. Captain Thos. A. Larconi, R.E., M.R.L A., Dublin. Rev. William Lee, A.M., M.R.L A.. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. The Right Hon. Baron Lel'rov, Leeson-st., Dublin. .John Lindsay, Esq., M.R.L A., Cork, liev. Humphrey Lloyd, D.D., V.P.U.LA., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Rev. Richard Low, Ahascragh, Galway. Joseph Lowell, Esq., London. Very Rev. .1. P. Lyons, Lyons Port, Ballina. ' .Lis. Mae Cullagh, Esq., LL.D., M.R.L A., Fellow of Trinity Oillege, Dublin. William Torrens M'Cullagh, Esq., Upper Gloucester-street, Dublin. Alexander M'Donnell, Esq., Dublin. George M'Dovvell. Esq., A.M., M.R.L A., Fellow of Trinity College, Duljlin. M'Gillicuddy of the Reeks. .Tames M'Glashan, Esq., Dublin. Rev. John M'Hugh, Baldoyle. John W. M'Kenzie, Esq., Edinburgh. Rev. Thomas M'Neece, A.M., M.R.L A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Sir Fred. Madden, Hon. M.R.LA., British Museum. James Magee, Esq., Lr. Merrion-st., Dublin. Edward Magrath, Esq., Athenaeum, London. John Mahon, Jun., Esq., Warneford-court, Throckmorton-street, London. Pierce Mahony, Esq., Dame-street, Dublin. Rev. Samuel R. Maitland, F.R.S., F.A.S.. Palace, Lambeth. Andrew J. Maley, Esq., Merrion-sq., Dublin. Henry Martley, Esq., Q.C., Lower Gardiner- street, Dublin. George Mathews, Esq., Spring Vale, Belfast. Rev. George Maxwell, Askeaton. * Andrew Milliken, Esq., Grafton-st., Dublin. Henry J. Monck Mason, Esq., M.R.LA.. Dublin. Rev. Charles H. Monsell, Coleraine. William Monsell, Esq., M.R.LA., Tervoe, Limerick. Thomas Moore, Esq., Sloperton, Devizes. John Shank More, Esq., Great King-street, Edinljurgh. Joseph Neeld, Esq., M.P., Grosvenor-square. London. Joseph Nelson, Esq., "28, Gloucester-street. Dublin. William Nugent, Esq., Killester Abljey, Ra- heny. Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart., Dromoland. Augustus Staftbrd O'Brien, Esq., M.P., Bla- therwycke, Northamptonshire. William Smith O'Brien, Esq., M. P., Car- moy Hill, Limerick. The Rt. Hon. Daniel O'Connell, ]\LP., Lonl Mayor of Dublin. Mat. O'Connor, Esq., Mountjoy-sq., Dublin. The O'Donovan, Montpelier, Douglas, Cork. * John O'Donovan, Esq., Dublin. Thomas O'Hagan, Esq., Upper Mountjoy- street, Dublin. Major O'Hara, Annamoe, Collooney. Colman M. O'Loghlen, Esq., Dublin. Charles O'Malley, Esq., North Gt. George's- street, Dublin. Rev. Cssar Otw.ay, A.B., M.R.LA.. Dublin, (Deceased, 1842). Rev. Mortimer O'SuUivan, D.D., Killyman. Rt. Hon. Sir R. Peel, Bart., M.P., London. Louis Hayes Petit, Esq., F.R.S., London. George Petrie, Esq., R.H.A., M.R.LA.. Great Charles-street, Dulilin. * Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., Broadway, Worcestershire. John Edward Pigott, Esq., 8, Merrion-sq., South, Dublin. Robert Robert Pitcairn, Esq., Queen-st., Edinljuigli. Rev. Classon Porter, Lariio, County An- trim. William Potts, Esq., Dame-street, Dublin. Hon. Edward Preston, Gornianstown Castle, Balliriijgan. Colonel J. Dawson Rawdon, M. P., Cold- stream Guards, Stanhope-street, London. Rev. L. F. Renahan, Cnllege, Maynooth. Rev. T. R. Robinson, D.D., M.R.I.A., Ob- servatory, Armagh. Richard Rothwell, Esq., Rockfield, Kells. Rev. Franc Sadleir, D.D., V. P.R.I. A., Pro- vost of Trinity College, Dublin. Francis A. Sanders, Esq., A.B., Dublin. Rev. William Sewell, A.M., Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Right Hon. Frederick Shaw. M.P., Recorder of Dublin. Remmy H. Sheehan, Esq., Mespil House, Dublin. Evelyn R. Shirley, Esq., M.P., pjatington Park. ShiptoD-on-Stour. Rev. J. H. Singer, D.D., V.P.R.I.A., Se- nior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Aquilla Smith, Esq., M.D., M.R.I. A., Dub- lin. * Rev. .lohn Campbell Smith, Glasgow. Jos. Huband Smith, Esq., A.M., M.R.I. A., Dublin. William Smith, Esq., Carbeth Guthrie, Stir- lingshire. .lohn Smith, Esq., LL.D., Secretary of the Maitland Club. Glasgow. ' George Smith, Esip, Lower Baggot-street, Dublin. .lohn George Smyly, Esq., Merrion-street, Dublin. George Lewis Smyth, Es(|., Bridge-street, London. Sir Wm. Meredith Somerville, Bart., M.P. Rev. Thomas Stack, A.M., M.R.I. A., Fel- low of Trinity College, Duldin. William Stokes, Esq., M.D., M.R.I. A., Re- gius Professor of Physic, Dublin. Andrew Storie, Esq., Signet Library, Eilin- burgh. Hon. Andrew Godfrey Stuart, Aughnaclov. Rev. Hamilton Stn.art, Rocbfort, Buncrana. William Villiers Stuart, Esc|., Dromana, Cappoquin. Rev. George Studdert, .\.B., Dundalk. * Robert James Tennent, Esq., Belfast. James Thompson, Esq , Belfast. Robert Tighe, Esq., Fitzwilliam-sq., Dul)lin. * W. F. Tighe, Esq., Inistiogue. *Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., V.P.R.I.A., Fel- low of Trinity College, Dublin. George Tomb, Esq., Temple-street, Dublin. Rev. Rob. Traill, D.D., M.R. LA., F.R.S.E.. SchuU, Skibbereen. Rev. John M. Traherne, Coedriglan, Car- diff. Travers Twiss, Esq., F.R.S., University Col- lege, OxfVird. Crofton Moore Vandeleur, Esq., Kilrush. Sir Aubrey de Vere, Bart., Curragh Chase, A dare. Sir Hussey Vivian, Bart., M.P., London. John Walker, Esq., Cornhill House, Cold- stream, W.B. Rev. Charles Wm. Wall, D.D., M.R. I. A., Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. James A. Wall, Esq., Baggot-street, Dublin. Hugh Walsh, Es(i., Drumsna. Sam. Hibbert Ware, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.E.. York. Ch,arles T. Webber, Esq. M.R.I. A., '22. Upper Gloucester-street, Dublin. Hon. Henry R. Westenra, Dell, Windsor. Lestock P. Wilson, Esq., North Audley-.st., London. Rev. J. Wilson, B.D., Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. Rev. James Wilson, D.D., Precentor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. Edward Wright, Esq., Blessina'ton-street, Dublin. Rev. Walter Young, Enniskillen. FUNDAMENTAL 14 FUNDAMENTAL LAWS Oi' THE SOCIETY. ] . The number of Members shall be limited to 500. II. Tlie affairs of the Society shall be managed by a President and Council of twelve Members, to be elected annually by the Society. III. Those Noblemen and Gentlemen who have been admitted Slembers prior to the first day of May, 1841, shall be deemed the oív]^/?2aí ilfe)«ie/'s of the Society, and all future Members shall be elected by the Council. IV. Each Member sliall pay four pounds on the first 3-ear of his election, and one poTuid every subsequent year. These payments to be made in advance, on or before the first day of January, annually. V. Such ]\Iembers as desire it, may become Life Members, on payment of the siuii of thirteen pounds, or ten pounds, (if they have already paid their entrance fee) in lieu of the annual subscription. VI. Every Member whose subscriptitm is not in arrear shall be entitled to receive one copy of each publication of the Society issued subsequently to his admission ; anil the books printed by the Society shall not be sold to the public. VII. No Member who is three months in arrear of his subscription shall be en- titled to vote, or to any other privileges of a Member ; and any Member who shall be one year in arrear shall be considered as having resigned. VIII. An)' Member who shall gratuitously edit any book, approved of by the Council, shall lie entitled to twenty copies of such book, when printed, for his own use: and the Council shall at all times be ready to receive suggestions from Members, rela- tive to such rare books or manuscripts as they may be acquainted witli, and which they may deem worthy of being printed by the Society. IX. The Council shall have power to appoint officers ; and to make bj'-laws not inconsistent Avith the fundamental laws of the Society. The Coimcil invite the attention of the friends of the Society and of Irish literature to the plan already proposed in the original Prospectus, of publishing a Miscellany, in which such shorter Pieces as cannot conveniently be issued in a separate form, may from time to time appear. The Coimcil will be thankful for any tracts or documents of this kind, which those who have access to public libraries, or family collections, maj- ha\e the kindness to send them. 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William Williams, Esq., Aberpergwm, Neath. * John Wynne, Esq., Hazlewood, Sligo. THE BANQUET OF DUN NA N-GEDH THE BATTLE OF MAGH RATH, AN ANCIENT HISTORICAL TALE. NOW FIRST FUBLISHEn, FROM A MANUSCRIPT IN THE LIBRARY OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, WITH A TRANSLATION AND NOTES, JOHN O'DONOVAN. DUBLIN: FOR THE IRISH ARCHJ50L0GICAL SOCIETY. MDCCCXLII. DUBLIN: PRINTED AT THE IJNIVEHSITV P1ÍESS, BV M. H. GILL. IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. patron : HIS EXCELLENCY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND. ^vcsííiCHt : His Grace the Duke of Leinster. (Kountil : Ehcted June, 1842. The Earl of Leitrim. The Viscount Adare, M. P., M. R. I. A. Lord George Hill, M. R. I. A. John Smith Furlong, Esq., Q. C, Treasurer. Rev. Richard Butler, A. B., M. R. I. A. Captain Larcom, R. E., M. R. I. A. Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D., V. P. R. I. A., Secretary. James Mac Cullagh, Esq., LL. D., M. R. I. A. Joseph Huband Smith, Esq., A. M., M. R. I. A. George Petrie, Esq., R. H. A., M. R. I. A. James Hardiman, Esq., M. R. I. A. a 2 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. HE followino: historical tale is noAV, for the first time, translated and printed. The text has been, for the most part, obtained from a vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin (H. 2. 16.), a compilation of the fifteenth century, but the name of the author or transcriber does not appear. Of this MS. it origi- nally occupied upwards of eleven closely written and very large leaves, of which one is unfortunately lost : the deficiency has been supplied from a paper copy, No. 60, in the collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, Dublin, which was made in 1 7 2 1 -2, by Tomaltach Mac Morissy, for James Tyrrell. This paper copy was corrected by Peter Connell, or O'Connell, a very good Irish scholar (author of the best Irish Dic- tionary extant, though never published"), who has explained many difficult words in the margin, of which explanations the Editor has in many cases availed himself This paper copy was indeed very useful throughout, inasmuch as it gives in most instances the modern orthography, and thus throws light on many obsolete words and phrases strangely spelled in the vellum copy. The Editor has not been " It exists in MS. in the British Muse- Provost and Senior Fellows of Trinity Col- um, and a copy of it, in two large volumes lege, Dublin, is preserved in their valuable folio, recently made by the liberality of the Library. VI been able to procure access to a third copy, which he regrets, as there are still some defects which cannot be supplied, and a few ob- scurities in the text which he has been unable to remove. The necessity of collating several copies of ancient productions of tliis nature has been felt by all Editors, as well of the ancient classic au- thors as of the works of the writers of the middle ao^es. But Irish ISISS. are often so carelessly transcribed, many of them being uncol- lated transcripts of older MSS., that it is especially unsafe to rely on the text of a single copy. The Editor has found, on comparing dif- ferent MSS. of the same ancient Irish tract, that the variations are often so considerable, as to render it necessaiy to compare at least three copies, made from different sources, before one can be certain that he has the true original reading. On this subject the venerable Charles 0' Conor, of Belanagare, Avho was extensively acquainted with ancient Irish MSS., Avrites as follows, in a letter to his friend the Chevalier Thomas O'Gorman, dated May 31st, 1783, of whicli the original is in the possession of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, of Dublin : " I approve greatly of your intention to get our Annals and other historical docu- ments translated. But if not undertaken by a man who has a critical knowledge of the phraseology, with the changes made therein, from the sixth to the tenth century, the sense will be frequently mistaken, and a bad translation will be worse than none at all : even a publication of the Irish text would require the collation of the several MSS. for restoring the original reading and correcting the blunders of ignorant tran- scribers." It appears from the Stowe Catalogue that there is a good copy of the Battle of Magh Rath in tlie Library of his Grace the Duke of Buckingham, at Stowe'', but the Editor has not had access to it. There '' Application was made to his Grace the MS. ; but his Grace's rules do not permit Duke of Buckingham for a loan of this any MS. to leave his Library : and the Vll There was another copy in the Book of Fermoy, as appears from ex- tracts in the possession of the Editor, but this Book, which was in the collection of the Chevalier O'Gorman towards the close of the last century, has since been carried out of Ireland, and the Editor has been unable to discover into what hands it has fallen. He has been, therefore, under the necessity of publishing the present work from the two MSS. above referred to, preferring the text of the vellvun copy throughout, except where it is obviously defective, in which cases he has supplied its deficiencies from the paper copy. This historical tale consists of two parts, of which the former is prefatory to the latter, and probably written at a later period. The first part is entitled Fleadh Duin na n-Gedh, i. e. the Banquet of Dun na n-Gedh, and the second Cath Muighe Rath, i. e. Battle of Magh Rath or Moira ; the two parts have evidently been the work of diffe- rent hands, as the marked difference of style and language indicates. The first is simpler, plainer, and more natimil in its style, and less interrupted by flights of bombast ; but the name of the author of either part does not appear. The Battle of Magh Rath, as will be presently shown, was fought in the year 637, and it would seem certain, from various quotations given throughout the tale, that there were formerly extant several accounts of it more ancient, and perhaps more historically faithful, than the present. In the form in which it is now published, it is evidently interpolated with fables, Irom the numerous pieces in prose and verse, to which the battle, which was one of the most famous ever fought in Ireland, naturally gave rise. Though the language of the original appears very ancient, and is undoubtedly drawn from ancient authorities, still the Editor is of opinion fuads of the Society are not as yet suifi- petent Irish scholar into England for the cient to enable the Council to send a com- purpose of making collations. Vlll opinion that the present version of it is not older than the latter end of the twelfth centiuy, or immediately after the Aiiglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. This opinion he has formed from the fact, that Congal Claen, lung of Uhdia, is called Earl (laiila) of Ulster (see pp. 198, 199), a title which the -waiter would not, in all probabi- lity, have used, if he had lived before the time of John De Courcey, the first person that ever bore the style of Earl of Ulster in Ii'eland. This fact will probably satisfy most readers. But although we have no evidence from any real authority that the word Earl was ever used as a title among the Irish, it may be urged by those who wish to argue for the antiquity of the tale, that the word Earl, which is certainly of Teutonic origin, might have been introduced into Ire- land in the eighth century by the Danes, and that, therefore, an Irish writer of the eighth or ninth centiuy, whose object was to use as o-reat a variety of terms and epithets as possible, might be tempted to borrow the term larln from the Danes, although it had never at that time been adopted as a title by the Irish. This argument may to some look plausible, but the Editor does not feel that it is sufficient to justify us in assigning a higher antiquity to the work in its present form than the twelfth centiuy. The mention of shining coats of mail (Uii|iec) also tends to the same conclusion (see pp. 192, 193); for it is the universal opinion of antiquaries, — an opinion not yet disproved, — that the ancient Irish had no general use of mail armour before the twelfth century. To this, however, it may also be objected, that the Danes unquestionably had mail armour in fighting against the Irish, and that some of the Irish kings and chieftains adopted the custom from them in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries ; that it is natural, therefore, to siqjpose that an Irish Aviiter, in the ninth or tenth century, whose object was to magnify the military power and skill of a favourite monarch, tlie progenitor of a powerful race whom he wished to flatter, would as- cribe IX cribe to Mm the possession and use of all the military weapons he had ever seen in his own time ; and if this be admitted, it could be argued that the Romance now pulihshed might have been written before the Enghsh invasion. But the answer to all such reasonings is, that the Tale was lui- questionablv intended to flatter the descendants of its hero. King Domhnall, grandson of Ainmire, while his race were in full power in the north of Ireland; and, therefore, that its author must have lived before the year 1197, when Flaithbhertach O'Muldor}', the last chief of Tirconnell of this monarch's family, died. How long before that year the date of this composition should be placed cannot now be well ascertained, but when the Avhole case is duly weighed, it will be seen that it could never have been wi'itten after the extinction of the race of the monarch, on whom the exploits described reflect so much glory. With respect to the style of this tale, it must be acknowledged that it belongs to an age when classical strength, simphcity, and purity had given way to tautology and tiu-gidity. As we have akeady observed, it is loaded with superfluous epithets, many of them in- troduced to form a string of aUiterations, which, instead of perfect- ing the image or rounding the period, " with proper words in proper places," often have the effect of bewildering the mind, amidst a chaos of adjectives, chosen only because they begin with the same letter, or a string of synonimous noims, one or two of which woiúd have sivfiiciently expressed the sense. This kind of style was much admired by some Irish writers of the last century, and even m the beginning of the present the Rev. Paid O'Brien, in his Irish Grammar (pp. 70-72), has expressed his high admiration of it, in his explanation of Complex Adjectives ; his words may be here quoted, as containing a good explanation of the nature of the style in which the Battle of Magh Rath has been written. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. b " OF X ' OF COMPLEX ADJECTIVES. " First, — Of the Adjective compounded with the Substantive. " Wlien an Adjective is thus formed, if it precede the Substantive, it conveys a more forcible meaning than if it followed ; as peap ceann-cpéan, a headstrong man ; peap cpéan-ceannac, a resolute man, &c. In this last the former Substantive becomes an Adjective, as in the English heart-broken and iDroken-hearted, &c. "Secondly, — Of Simple Adjectives compounded with Impersonal Possessives. " In forming these, the simple precedes the possessive ; as péalc jlan-poilpeac, a bright-shining star ; glop binn-jurcic, a sweet- sounding voice, &c. Such Adjectives involve two Substantives, which then become Adjectives, and may be termed, "Thirdly, — Adjectives compounded of Adjectives ; thus, oióce ^lan-péalc-poil- peac, a bright stai'-shining night ; peap binn-jlop-jucac, a sweet sounding-voiced man"^. These are again compounded, and liecome, " Fourthly, — Adjectives compounded of compound Adjectives ; as oij-peap jpu-aij- pinn-iMoD-pain-Dual-pcameojac, a soft-silken-wide-spreading-ringleting-fair-haired youth, i. e. the youth of soft-silken- wide-spreading, ringleting fair hair*^. Adjectives of this description have the Substantive in their first syllable ; for if it be placed in the last syllable, the whole compound becomes an expressive Substantive ; as, "Fifthly, — Q épéan-c'ipD-iHuuj-cac-ceannpaláip, thou mighty ruler of lofty em- battled chiefs'^. " Sixthly, — Of Participial Adjectives, compounded of compound Substantives, compounded of compound Adjectives. In these the Epic Bards delighted, magnifying the exploits of their heroes beyond measure, and inspiring their hearers with a thirst for military glory, emulation of feats, and contempt of death. Of which the following soliloquy of t)pilpop5, over the grave of his brother QpgTtiop, gives a sufficient ex- ample : Seapc peipce mo cpoioe puio liaj rú Qp^iiioip ! Ceo jleóóac mo popg rú, a óeapBpáraip. Q bile DÍDion ap milió a D-ceajmúil ! nrio núctip nac B-puilip mop pia a j-cotiióáil, Q15 laocpaiD Lena cpeaccmao ip-clann. a "^ " M'Grath's History of the Wars of cept in poetry or poetic style." — Notes to Thomond abounds with these compound the Grammar, p. 205. Adjectives ; but they are seldom used ex- Q peapca uairne, mo liieoóain-cpéac ip caonii lioni. Cé Dtópac rné cpó-líonca cpion opc, Gipope pe cpéijre mo aonbpcicap. 't)o Béapaó pe Dian-UitiD-cpóóacc buun-cnúm-capjapra ppuir-léim, píojba- pac pancac-puaij-tiiaptrac ppaip-leuoapra, Diocop^apra éajriictploriiail po-épei^- reac, jeup-nairhoeamuil, apD-ai^eancac, neim-cim peoil-pjarti^acppol-Déancop-n oeilb-jpain-cloD-aDCUmapra piop-lJúip-neulaiTiuil, peoBac puilcecic, leoman-Bpap- jap^-neapc-eacciiuip, map peub-buinne-pleiB-ruinne-5apb-5uapac,ameoD[inrpom- rional-bopb-puilceac na laoc meap, &c.' " TRANSLATION. " Aro-mlior ! Love of the love of my heart, beneath this stone thou liest ! A nn>t of sorrow to mine Eyes thou art, my Brother ! Stern bulwark of our heroes in battle ! Woe is me, no longer art thou sharer of the Spoils among the Chiefs of Lena, defeating the Sons of Anger. Thou too, alas ! his grassy mansion, art dear to me, — Though my aged-bursting-breast with tearful eye bend over thee, hearken thou to the mighty deeds of my only Brother — Wlio with fleet-vaUant-bone-crushing Arm — Torrent- like-rapid, dartingly-eager, mortal his strides ; dauntless, dealing death around ; invincible, fierce, vigorous, active, hostile, courageous, intrepid, rending, hewmg, slaughtering, deforming forms and features ; shaded with clouds of certain death. Sanguine as the Hawk of prey ; furious as the resistless-strongframed-blood-thirsty Lion ; impetuous as the boisterous-hoarse-foaming-bold-bursting-broad-mountain bil- lows ; would rush througli close-thronged crowds of enraged warriors, &c." The same ^vriter, treating of the degrees of comparison, gives ns the following account of them, which, though not altogether correct, conveys a strong idea of what he considered bardic eloquence : " There are in common Irish but the three degrees of comparison found in all other Languages ; but the Bards, in the glow of poetic rapture, passed the ordinary bounds, and upon the common superlative, which their heated imaginations made the positive degree, raised a second comparative and superlative ; and on the second also raised a third comparative and superlative ; from an irregular but noble effort to bring the Language to a level with their lofty conceptions ; which uncommon mode of expressing their effusions, though it may seem romantic to others, the natives regarded as a source of peculiar beauty, and a high poetic embellishment to their language." — pp. 60, 61. Another writer, who has done much to illustrate the legendary b 2 lore xu lore of L-elaud, has noticed tliis tiu'gidity of style, in the follo\ving words, from which it will be seen that the modem Ii-ish scholars with whom he conversed admii-ed it as much as the bards of the middle ages : " The overabundant iise of epithet is a striking peculiarity of most compositions in the Irish language : by some writers this has been ascribed to the nature and struc- ture of the language ; by others to the taste of the people. In a conversation which I once had with some Irish scholars, I well remember one of them stepping forward in the formidable gesture of an excited orator, and addressing me in an exalted tone of voice in defence of epithets. ' These epithets,' said he to me, with outstretched arm, ' are numerous in the original Irish, becavise they are enlivening and expressive, and are introduced by historians to decorate their histories, and to raise the passions of the reader. Thus were the youth at once instructed in the grand records of their lofty nation, — in eloquence of style, — and in the sublimity of composition'^.' " At what period this style was first introduced into Ireland, or whence it was originally derived, would now be difficult to ascer- tain. The oldest specimen kno-rni to the Editor, of a historical tale, of a similar character with the present, is the Eomance called Tain Bo Cuailgne, which is an account of the seven years' war carried on between Connaught and Ulster in the first century. It is said to have been written in the seventh centiuy; but it is not nearly so much loaded \á\h epithets as the present story. From this, and the fact that the oldest specimens of Irish composition remaining, such as the fragments in the Book of Ai'magh, and in the Liber Hymnorum, and the older Irish lives of St. Patrick, and other saints of the primitive Irish Church, are all wiitten in a narrative remarkably plain and sim- ple ; it woidd appear that this very tui'gid style was inti'oduced into Irish Uteratui'e in the ninth or tenth century, but whence the model was derived is not so easy to conjecture. The Arabians and other oriental nations had many compositions of this kind, but it does not appear that the Iiisli had any acquaintance with theii" hterature at so early ^ Researches in the South of Ireland, by T. Croftou Croker, pp. 334. 335. Xlll eai'ly a period. Several specimens of this style of composition, vnit- ten by the celebrated Shane ODugan, who died in 1372, are to be fomid in the Book of Hy-3Iany, but the most elaborate and celebrated work in this style is that entitled Caifhreim ToirdJiealhliaigh, i. e. The Triumphs of Turlogh [O'Brien], written in the year 1459, by John, son of Rory Magrath, chief historian of Thomond. Of this work, which comprises the History of Thomond for two centuries, there are extant in Dublin several paper copies; it was translated, towards the close of the last century, by Theophilus OTlanagan, assisted by Peter ConneU, but was never pubhshed. Its style far exceeds that of the present story, in the superabundant use of epithets, and in extravagance of conception and description, as may appear from the following extract, which is a description of Donogh Mac Namara, cliief of Clann Cuilen, in Thomond, harnessinii himself for battle : " A. D. 1309 X)' airle na h-ima- jalliiia fin t)onnchaiD pe n-a óeuj- riiuincip, po eipi^ 50 h-úiptheipneac, opgapoa o'a eioeao pe'" 'fc" lonoDpoin. Qjup cujao ap o-ciip a uapaleioe o'a lonnpaijiD, .1. cocun oainjean, oea^- cúméa, oluir-iomaipeac. Din-eic]iijeac, oeapj-anpaoac, oep-ciumap-Bláir, ot- alB-nuaoac, Dar-cpoioeapg, oiogpaipe, ajup DO cuip uime 50 h-eapjaio an c- eioeao oip-ciumpac pom, ajup ipe coiii- pao DO Dion a oeaj-cocun tDoniicaió, .1. o loccap a riiaoc-BpajoD rtiin-copcpa, ^o mullacaj^lun^apco, gleisil, coip; ajup DO xaBaD uime-piun ap uaccap an lonuip pin,lúipioc láin-cpeaBpaó, luib-jléi^eal, leobap-cpuinn, áóBal, paipping, op-Bóp- Doc, Dioppaió. opuimneac, oluic-cliurac, Dí?ij^-pi-^ce, blaic, biian-pocaip, cneip- ciuj, cpaoiB-jlic, ctipc-piajlac, puaic- " After that harangue of Donogh to his brave people he arose on the spot with courage and activity to clothe himself in shining armour. His noble garment was first brought to him, \\z., a strong, well- formed, close-ridged, defensively- furrowed, terrific, neat-bordered, new-made, and scarlet-red cassock of fidelity ; he expertly put on that gold-bordered garment [or cottin] which covered him as far as from the lower part of his soft, fine, red- white neck, to the upper part of his expert, snow-white, round-knotted knee. Over that mantle he put on a full-strong, white-topped, wide-round, gold-bordered, straight, and parti-coloured coat of mail, well-fitting, and ornamented with many curious devices of exquisite workmanship. He put on a beautiful, narrow, thick, and saffron-coloured belt of war, embellished with XIV ni^, pli|--jeal, po-jpáóuc. Qjup po jali caic-cpiopcaoil-ciuj, ciumap-lilúic, cpi- oc-niarhra, cloó-búclac, ceannpac-opoa, 50 n-a lann lúr-luriiiap, cpuinn-peaoá- nac, ceipc-imleac, acc mun ap ba aiob- pije a áipoe op a peaóanaib, 0550 p oo ceannapoap an cpiopcopp, ceapc-bluir, cpuinn-paolcannac ceaona poin cap a cac-lúipij, ogup eannac lompaoa, pao- bap-jopni, lapann-jlan cpem-peannac, caoib-leacan, cpeap-uplarh, bún-cúlac, blór-iTiaiDeac, piupoariiail, claip-péió, caoilciu^, ceapr-poipgneariiac, ag-cean- gal an cpeapa blaié-peió, bpeac-óacac pin ; ajup do jabaó pgobal péir-jeal, paipping-péió, pionn-ppoijéioc, paié-jpe- apuc, peióm-laiDip, p'jce, uime cap uac- cap a op-liiip!je; ajup do job clojac clap-óaingean, ciutriap-cpuinn, copp- ceapc-blaic, coinnioU-rriopDa, cpaob- raipjneac, cian-pulainj, pa n-a ceann- bairiop; agup do gabapoap a cloioiorh colgoa, clap-leicean, claip-leicpeac, cian-ainijneac, coppóeapac, cair-minic, lán-cpuaiUeac, cpop-opóa, cpiop-aiiilac cuije, jup ceannapoape 50 caom-ac- jaipiD cap a raob ; ajup do jabapDop a ja gapca, jep-paobpac, jopni-óarac, 5pep-riiioUa, lona jlaic oeip, pa comaip aoiubpaicce; agupcappaió pe a cpaoip- loc cpann-aóbal, cpo-óainjean, col^- DÍpioc, ceoi-neiiTineac corhnaio cuije lona cle-lúim o'á oinje, agup o'á Dian- Bualaó. Ctgup niop beaj copann na cpén-peaDnac'pancpaic pin,a5 cuinjeaó a g-cocun, cpaob-copcpa, ajup a luip- loc loinmop-jlan, agup a lann lapap- ihop, agupaj-cpaoipioc cuaipc-aiomeil; with clasps and buckles, set with precious stones, and hung with golden tassels ; to this belt was hung his active and trusty lance, regularly cased in a tubio sheath, but that it was somewhat greater in height than the height of the sheath ; he squeezed the brilliant, gilt, and starry belt about the coat of mail ; and a long, blue-edged, bright-steeled, sharp-pointed, broad-sided, active, white-backed, half- polished, monstrous, smooth-bladed, small- thick, and well-fashioned dagger was fixed in the tie of that embroidered and parti- coloured belt ; a white-embroidered, full- wide, strong, and well- wove hood (pjabal) was put on him over his golden mail ; he himself laid on his head a strong- cased, spherical-towering,polished-shining, branch-engraved, long-enduring helmet ; he took his edged, smooth-bladed, letter- graved, destructive, sharp-pointed, fight- taming, sheathed, gold-guarded and girded sword which he tied fast in haste to his side ; he took his expert, keen-pointed, blue-coloured, and neat-engraved dart in his active right hand, in order to cast it at the valiant troops, his enemies ; and last, he took his vast-clubbed, strong-eyed, straight-lanced, fierce-smoking, and usual spear in his left, pushing and smiting theremth. Great was the tumult of the army then, seeking for their purple- branched cassocks, brilliant maUs, blazing swords, and spears of ample circumference, restraining their steeds backward by the reins, as not obedient to the guidance of their riders, choosing their arms, the young adhering, for their beauty, to their solden XV ujup ag ciccup a n-eac cap a n-ciip o'á golden arms, and the old aiming at the n-apaoaiB, o nac paiK a n-aipe pe li-ioni- ancient arms with which they often before ^aBail a o-caoipij, 05 coja na o-qien- -acted great deeds in battle, — the soldiers apni, a^up a n-ojBciió 05 aopciD cip, ct n- closely sewing their ensigns to their vast aiUe, o'á n-óp-apmaib, coup na h-ojlao poles, and fastening their colours by the nj puijeao na pean-apm o'a n-oecip- borders to the lofty poles of their spears''." naoap uiriop a n-impeapnaib po riiinic poirhe pm ; ajup na mileo 05 mion-puai- jeal na meipjeao pip na mop-cpanii- aiB, ajup na h-oncoin 'gú j.ciuriiap- óainjnmjao ap na cpaoipiocaib." Tlie tale, now for the first time printed and translated, is fomided on more ancient docmnents relating to the Battle of Magh Rath, as appears from various quotations which it contains ; but it is obvious that the writer, not finding a sufficient number of characters recorded by history, was under the necessity of coining some names to answer his purpose, such as Eochaidh Aingces, king of Britain, Daire ]\Iac Dornmhar, king of France, &c., but the greater number of his cha- racters were real historical personages. Although, therefore, this tale cannot be regarded as a piu'ely historical document, still it is very curious and valuable as a genuine specimen of an ancient Irish story founded on history, and unquestionably Avritten at a period when the Irish language was in its greatest piuity; it is also useful as containing many references to ancient territories, tribes, customs, notions, and superstitions which existed among the ancient Irish before the introduction of English manners; and it is particularly interesting to the lover of Irish literatm-e as containing a large stock of military and other technical terms, and preserving several idioms of the ancient Irish language, Avhich are now, and for some centuries have been, obsolete. A general and just complaint among the lovers of Irish lore * This translation, made towards the and Peter O'Connell, is preserved in the close of the last century, by O'Flanagan Library of the Eoyal Irish Academy. XVI lore has long been, that there is no perfect work, of an antiquity higher than the days of Keating, accessible to the student of our language ; it is to be hoped, therefore, that the publication of the original text of this ancient story will in some measure remove this complaint. It will, at least, rescue from oblivion and preserve from final destruction a considerable portion of the ancient language of Ireland, which must have been inevitably lost if not now preserved while the language is still living, and while the power of vmfolding its idioms and explaining its obsolete terms yet remains. Compositions of this natm'e were constantly recited by the poets before the Irish kings and chieftains at their pubhc fairs and assem- blies, for the piu'pose of inspiring the people with a thirst for military glory. This fact is distinctly stated in the account of the celebrated fair of Carman (now Wexford), preserved in the work called Dinn- senclais, or History of Remarkable Places ; and it is also recorded in a velkuu MS. in the Library of Trinity College, DubUn (H. 3. 17. p. 797. )> that the four higher orders of the poets, namely, the OUamh, Anruth, Cli, and Cano, were obhged to have seven times fifty chief stories and twice fifty sub-stories to repeat for kings and chieftains. The subjects of the chief stories were demoHtions, cattle-spoils, courtships, battles, caves, voyages, tragedies, feasts, sieges, adventm'es, elopements, and plunders. The particular titles of these stories are given in the MS. referred to, biit it would lead us too far from our present piu'pose to insert them here. Those readers who have studied ancient history only through the medium of modern popular books, will no doubt be siu-prised at the style and spirit of the present production, and particularly at the extraordinary incidents introduced into it as historical facts. But we should consider that those modern writers whose works we read for a knowledge of ancient history, must have waded through many fabulous tracts before they were able to separate truth from falile, and XVll and that the statements they give as tiaie ancient Iiistoiy are, after all, no more than tlicir own inferences drawn, in many instances, from the half historical, half fabnlous works of the ancients. In the middle ages no story was acceptable to the taste of the day withont the assist- ance of some marvellous or miraculous incidents, wdiich, in those all- believing times, formed the life and soul of every narrative. At that period the Irish people, and every people, believed in preternatural occiu'rences wrought by magic, by charms, and particularly by dis- tinguished saints before and after their deaths, as firmly as their de- scendants now believe in the wonders wrought by natiu'al science ; and it should not l^e expected that any lengthened story could have been "naitten in that age mthout the introduction into it of some of those marvellous incidents which were so often reported and so eagerly received. The modern reader should also consider, that all the lite- rature of the middle ages is tinged with narratives of mh-aculous oc- currences, and that writers then gave interest to their subjects by mixing up with the real incidents of life, accounts of supernatiu-al events produced by saints, witches, or demons, in the same way as modern novelists enchant their readers by delineating the charms and natural magic of real life. The novels of Sir Walter Scott may also be referred to as a proof that the marvellous has not even yet lost its attractions , although perhaps it may reqiure his master hand to present the legends and mythology of our ancestors in such a dress as to give pleasure to modern fastidiousness. In using the productions of the writers of the middle ages as his- torical monuments, we should be very guarded in selecting what to believe, and more particularly perhaps, what to reject : we are no doubt more ready to discredit what may be really true than to believe any fable ; but we should not reject all the incidents mentioned in ancient writers merely because we find them mixed up with the miraculous. For, granting that such writers may have been imposed IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. C UpOU XVlll upon by the reports of others, or by the fanciful temperament of their own minds, as far as regards preternatural occurrences, it does not therefore follow that their testimony is to be rejected on the manners and customs of their own times, or on facts which were of every day oc- currence, and which it required no philosophy or perfect acquaintance with tlie laws of nature to be able to comprehend and to describe. That the Battle of Mash Eath was a real liistorical occiu'rence and no bardic fiction, cannot for a moment be doubted. It is referred to by Adamnan, the eighth abbot of lona, who was thirteen years old when it was fought. In the fifth chapter of the third book of his Life of St. Columba, speaking of the prophecy which that saint de- livered to Aidan, he writes as follows : " Hoc autum vaticinium temporibus nostris conipletum est iu Bello Bath, Dom- nallo Brecco, uepote Aidani, sine causa vastante proviuciani DomniJl nepotis Aimui- rech : et a die ilia, usque hodie adhuc iu proclivo sunt ab extraueis, quod suspiria doloris pectori incutit." The event is also recorded by the very accurate annalist, Tigli- ernach, under the year 637, in the following words : "A.D. 637 Car ITluije Rtich pict •* A.D. ejy.—The Battle of Magh Eatli n-Donine:U, mac QeoOjOcuppia macaiB icas foujht by Dombnall, son of Aedh, Qeóa Sláine, peo DoiTinaU pejnauic and by the sons of Aedh Slaine (but Cemopium in lUo cempope, in quo ce- Domhnall at this time ruled Temoria), iu ciDic Consul Caech, pi Lllco, ocup Pa- wliich fell Congal Caech, king of Uladh, elan, cum mulcip nobilibup; in quo and Faelan, with many nobles; and in cecioic SuiBne, muc Colniam Cuaip." which fell Sulbhne, the son of Colman Guar." This Suibhne, the son of Colman Guar, was prince of Dalaradia, and is said to have fled panic-stricken from this battle, and to have spent many years afterwards in a state of lunacy, roving from place to place until he was murdered at Tigh Moling (now St. MuUin's, in the present county of Carlow), by St. Mohug's swine-herd. — See Note ^ i^p. 236, 237. The XIX The battle is also mentioned in the Chronicon Siniorum, at tlie year 636, as follows : " A. D. 636— Ccirh mui^e TJar pia "A.D. 636 Tlie Battle of Magli Eatli, n-t)otTinaU, mac Cleón, ociippiatnacaiH by Doinlinall, son of Acdli, and liy the Qeoa Slome, peo tDoiiinalt, mac Qeóa sons of Aedli Slaine (but Domhnall, son pejnauic Cemopiam in illo cempope, of Acdli, ruled Tenioria, at that time); in in quo ceciaic Conj^at Caecli, pi LIloó, which fell in the thick of the fight Congal ocup Paelcu, macQipmeaodi^, 1 b-ppir- Caecli, king of Uladli, and Faelchu, son of ^uin, pi niioe cum mulcip nobilibup." Airmeadhach, king of Meath. with man}- nobles." " An account of the battle is also given in the Annals of the Four Masters (but incorrectly entered under the year 634), as folloAvs : "A.D. 634 — Cach rriai^e Pach pia "A.D. 634 — The Battle of Magh Eath, n-ÍDoTÍinall, mac Qoóa, ocup pia ma- fought by Domhnall, son of Aodh, and the caiB Qooa Stcnne, pop Conjal Claon, sons of Aodh Slaine, against Congal Claon, mac Scanoláin, pi Ulaó, ou i o-coprhaip son of Scanlan, king of Uladh, in -which Conj^al, pi Ulao, ocup alriiupcaiB map Congal, king of Uladh, and many foreign- uon pip."' ers along with him, were slain." Thus translated by Colgan, in note (9) on the fifth chapter of tlie third book of Adamnan's Life of Columba : ^" Annn sexcentessimo Irigesimo qvarto, et Domnnldi Regis Underimo ; prfplium de Magh Rath (id est de Campo Rath) in Ultonia, conscritur per Domnaldum filium Aidi, filii Ainmirechi, Hibernise regem, et filiis Aidi Slaine, contra Congalium Claon, Scan- dalii filium, Eegem Ultonia?, et multas transmarinas gentes ei assistentes ; in quo Congalius et multi ex transmarinis occubuerunt." After this Colgan states that he had read a history of this bat- tle, but that he had not a copy of it by him at the time that he was ■wTÍting. His words are : " In historia hujus belli seu prselij, (quam saspius legi, et nunc ad manum non habeo,) legitur prsedictus Congalius, (anno 624, in alio proelio de Dwn-cetherne per eundem Domnallum superatus, et in Albionem relegatus,) ex Scotis Albiensibus, Pictis, Anglo-Saxonibus et Britonibus collectum, ingentem exercitum duxisse contra Regem Domnaldum ; et postquam per septem dies per totidera conflictus et alternas victorias dubio Marte acerrime dimioatum esset ; tandem victoriam Eegi Domnaldo c 2 cessisse, XX cessisse, interfecto Congalio, et traiismarinis copiis atrociter ca;sis. Cum ergo locus et tempus belli liujus satis correspondeant, videtur eo tempore facta ilia vastatio quam sue tempore factam esse iiidicat Adamnaniis. Nam Adamnanus (iuxta iam dicta) anno 624 natus agebat annum decimum, vel uudecimum tempore illius pra;lii anno 634 gesti." It is highly probable that Colgan here refers to the accoiuit of the Battle of Magh Rath now printed and translated. The venerable Charles O'Conor of Belanagare has taken so ac- curate a view of the political causes and eifects of this battle, that the Editor is tempted to present the reader with the entire of Avhat he has written on the subject : " The Treachery of Conall Gutliliinn gave the Nation an utter Dislike to the South Hy-Nialls. The North Hy-Nialls obtained the Throne, and did not deserve such a preference. Malcoha, a pious Prince, was cut off by his Successor Suhney Meann: He, in Turn, by Congal Claon, a Prince of the Riidriciaii Race of Ulad, the determined Enemy of his Family. Domnall, the Brother oí Mdlcuba, and son of AoM, the son of Ammirey, ascended the Throne, and began Ids Administration with an Act of extreme Justice ; that of taking Vengeance on the murderer of his Predecessor. Congal Clami he defeated in the Battle of Dunkehern, and obliged him to fly into Britain ; the common Asylum of the domestic Mal-contents. "Congal Claon remained nine Years in Exile: And as this Parracidebid fair for the Destruction of his native Country, he merits particular notice in History. In Power he possessed some Virtues, and in adversity wore the Semblance of all. Al- though an Outcast in a foreign Country, divided by different Languages and Interests, he retained a Dignity of Conduct Avhich often throws a Lustre about Adversity itself. He kept up his Party at Home, Avho (by defeating Connad Kerr, King oi th& Albanian Scots, and Lord of the Irish Dalriads) supported his interests. Among Strangers, he had the Iniquity of his Conduct to justify, and the more cruel Slights, which perse- cute unfortunate Princes, to manage : He did the one with Plausibility ; he conquered the other with Patience and Dignity. Able, active, perseverant ; no ill Fortune could depress his Spirits, no Disappointment fatigue his Ambition. He exerted every Talent which could win Esteem from the Great, and every Art which could turn that Esteem to liis own Advantage ; At Home, formidaljle to his Enemies, popular among his friends ; Abroad, brave without Insolence ; flexible without Meanness ; he gave the Nation a very important Advantage over him ; That of guarding against the Greatness of his Genius and of uniting against him, although otherwise much divided within itself. XXI itself. Tins he balauoed, by reconciling the most opposite Interests in Britain, when his cause became an Oliject of Consideration. Saxmis, Britons, Albanian Scots, and Picts, flocked to his Standard. His domestic Partizans prepared for his Reception, and he landed with Safety on the Coast of Dotrn. " DoMNALL, King of Ireland, was not unprepared. He had Wisdom in his Coun- cils, and Troops, who proved a match for equally gallant Troops raised within his Kingdom, and for those of the four Nations who joined them. He immediately en- camped near the Enemy at Moijrath, and began as bloody a battle as can be found in the Records of that age : It continued with various success for six whole days, untile Victory declared for the Nation on the seventh. Congal Claon, the soul of the Enemies' Army, was defeated and slain at the Head of the Troops of Ulad. The foreign TrrH:>ps were soon broke with great Slaughter ; and Domnull Breac, King of the Alhanian Scots, hardly escaped to Britain, with the sorry Remains of a fine Army, whicli should be employed for the defence of the people he so wantonly attacked. This Contradic- tion to every Principle of sound Policy, was foreseen by Columh Kille, who laboured Si 1 much to reconcile the Interests ol' the British Scots to those of the parent Coiintry : ' A Prediction,' says St. Adamnan, ' which was completed in our own Time, in the War of Jloyrath ; Doninall Breac, the Grandson of A idan, having, without any Pro- vocation, laid waste the Country of the Grandson oi Atiniirei/ : a Measure, Avhich, to this Day, has obliged the Scotish Nation to succumb to foreign Powers, and whicli oives our Heart Grief, when we consider it.' This is the Account of a cotemporary Writer, who was Aljljut of the Island of Ht/. It is one of the most important Events in the Scotish History ; and j-et, through the Destruction of Records in the Time of Edward the First, the latter Historians of North Britain were Strangers to it." " It is certain that Ireland was never in greater Danger, from the first Entrance of the Scotish Nation, than in this War raised against it by Congal Claon : But the civil Constitution being sound in the main, resisted the Disease, and shook it off in one great effort. In a future [ ? later] age the Posterity of this very People abandoned their King, their Country, and their own Independence, almost without a Show of Resistance, to a Handful of foreign Freebooters»." Notwitlistaudiiig the celebrity of the monarch Domhnall, the grandson f " This Engagement, so decisive for memorable of late by giving a title to the the Nation, in the year 637, rendered present learned and worthy possessor, Sir Mmjrath, ever since, famous in the Irish John Rawdon, Earl of Moyra.^'' Annals. It retained [ ? retains] the Name 8 Dissertations on the History of Ire- down to our own Time, and was rendered land, pp. 214 to 218. Dublin, 1766. XXll graiidsou of Ainmire, and the importance of tlie Battle of Magli Rath in the histories of Scotland and Ireland, Mr. Moore, the latest author of the History of Ireland, does not condescend so much as to name the monarch or to notice the battle. His defence is as follows: " Having now allowed so long a period of Irish history to elapse without any re- ference whatever to the civil transactions of the country, it may naturally be expected that I should for a while digress from ecclesiastical topics, and leaving the lives of as- cetic students and the dull controversies of the cloister, seek relief from the tame and monotonous level of such details in the stirring achievements of the camp, the feiids of rival chieftains, and even in the pomps and follies of a barbaric court. But the truth is, there exist in the Irish annals no materials fur such digression'' !" And again, " With the names of such of tliese princes as wielded the sceptre since my last notice of the succession, which brought its series down to A. D. 599, it is altogether unnecessary to incumber these pages, not one of them having left more than a mere name behind, and in general the record of their violent deaths being the only memo- rial that tells of their ever having lived'." Mr. Moore is confessedly unacquainted with the Irish language ; and the remains of our ancient literature were, therefore, of course inaccessible to him. That great ignorance of these unexplored sources of Irish history should be found in his pages is, therefore, not surprising: bitt he ought to have been more conscious of his deficien- cies in this respect, than to have so boldly hazarded the unqualified assertion, t/iaf there exist in flie Irish annals no viaferials for the ciiril history of tlie crmntri/ ! Should the Irish Archieological Society receive such support from the public as to enable them to continue their labours, the false- hood of such a statement -wiW be abimdantly manifested; and it will ])erhaps appear also that, notwithstanding the destruction and dispersion of so large a proportion of oui' ancient records, and the mutilation of those that remain by indifference or malice, there is no nation '' History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 275. ' Ibid. p. 276. XXI a nation of Eiu'ope tliat is in the possession of more copious and cmioiis materials for the illustration of its internal history, civil and ecclesi- astical, durmg the middle ages, than despised and neglected Ireland. " On a déja remarqué ailleurs," say the Benedictines, quoted by Mr. Moore himself\ " que les gens de ce pays, presqu'a l'extremité du monde, avoient mieux conserve la hterature, parcequ'ils etoient moins exposes aux revolutions, que les autres parties de I'Europe." The Editor cannot close these remarks without returning thanks to those friends who have assisted him in editing the present work, but particularly to Dr. Todd of Trinity College, and to Mr. Eugene Curry. J. O'D. .1 History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 277. pceaOh DUIN NQ N-^eOh. IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. B pceaDh pceaoh ouiN nq N-^eoh, ocus cucaiu cauha mui^i uar.h, inso. 15 am]ia pop 6i|iii)n, peachrup ant», .1. Dom- mac Qeoa, inic Qimnipech, mic SeDna, mic Pepjiipa Cennpooa, niic Conoill ^iilban, True Neill Nai-jmUaig, oe ceninl Uuachail Ueccrhaip ociip Ujaine Tnaiyi anall. 1p e in r-Ugaine ITlap pin po jab para spene ocup epca, mapa ocup ripe, ocup opucr, ocup Dainn, ocu]- parct net n-uile t)úl aicpige ocup nemaicpige, ocup nac Dull pil a mm ocup a ral- main, im piji n-Gpenn Do oilpuigaD Dia clomt» co bpórli. Ocuj- po jab lepom Uuacal Ceccmap, mac piachacli pinnola, na para ceona pop plicr a penarap .1. Ugaine TTlaip, ocup 56 Do n'pca ppia cloinD-puim The ornamental initial letter 6 is taken Note A, at the end of the volume. from the Book of Kells. The Society is ■■ Oai/is Ro jab paca, literally, " took indebted to Dr. Aquilla Smith for the or exacted the guarantees of the sun, &c." facsimile from which the wood cut was but as this would hardly be intelligible engraved. in English, the liberty has been taken of Ugaine Mor — The pedigree of King rendering it as in the text. The historical Domhuall, up to Ugaine Mor, is given in fact is also recorded in the Book of Lein- THE BANQUET OF DUN NA N-GEDH, AND THE CAUSE OF THE BATTLE OF MAGH RATH. 5??^;^^j NCE upon a time there was a renowned king over H*-^'?Si)''.'®sM!© Erin, namely Domlinall, son of Aedli, son of Ain- I^^Xri^^^'imire, son of Sedna, son of Fergus Cennfoda, son of *^6?^b5*<^^^ ^''"I'^ll Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, of wélí'''-^;^Él'^^e race of Tuathal Techtmhar and Ugaine Mor'. r«>=xs^:i^2ÁN J Now tliis Ugaine Mor exacted oaths'' by tlie siui and moon, the sea, the dew and coloiu-s, and by all the elements visible and invisible, and by every element wlúch is in heaven and on earth, that the sovereignty of Erin should be invested in his descen- dants for ever. And Tuathal Techtmhar, the son of Fiacha Finnola, exacted the same oaths in imitation of his ancestor Ugaine Mor, and ster, and in the Lealjhar Gabliala. O'Fla- canum continet citerioribiis usque propa- herty (Ogygia, p. 260) mentions it in tlie gavit. Axioma regium prineipum ac mag- following words : — " Imperium ultra Hi- natumHibernifejurejurandoperrescreatas berniam in occidentalibus Europa; insulis onmes visibiles et invisibiles adhibito, sibi, mari Mediterraneo, quod Siculum et Ai'ri- atquep sterissuisinperpetuumdevinxit." B2 cloinD-]Mum im pigi n-G]ienn cap ]^á[iU5at) na [lach pin ociip iia n-Oiil po naipc-piiim poppo, puDilpi Ueinpac co ii-a colamriaib ocu]- pen-cuara Uenipa ocu]^ TTliDe t)o gpep oca cloino-piuiii co bpdc ; ociip 56 no pcieniat) neac Do cloino Ugaitie no 'Cliuarcdl pigi do rabaipc uaiDib Do neac aile, a]i ai rpa, noca DI15 in jiij pin reacr 1 Ueinaip, ace mine ruca pepann bup compurain ppia Do cloinD Ujaine ITlaip ocup Uuacail Ueccmaip 1 cein bup pig he popaib; ocup in can ac béla in pig ym, Uemaip Do beic ac claino Ugaine, amail po naipc Ugame pepin pop pipii Gpenn, in cctn po gab jiallu Gpenn ocup Qlban ocup co cip Ceacha alia ncdp. Qp ai pin, po h-epcaineD 'CeTnaip lapum la i?uaDan Lorpa ocup la .vii. apj^cal na li-6penn, ocup la naemu Gpenn ap cena. Ocu]- cipe no gctbao m pigi nip ba li-aóa Do beic 1 Uemaip ó pó h-epcain- ea6 h-i, ace m c-inaD ba i>]iuiciu ocup ba h-aibniu lap in pig no gebaD Gpinn, ip ann no biD a Domnáp no a aicpeab. Oorimall mac Qebct, ■^ For an aceoiint of the oath which Tuathal Techtmhar exacted from the men of Ireland, see the Book of Leinster and the Leabhar Gabhala of the O'Clery's. O'Fla- herty gives it in the following words: " Tuathalius, regni diademate potitus, comitia Temoriaj indixit, ad qux Hiber- nia; proceres niagno numero confluxerunt. Ubi omnes, per sua gentilitia sacramenta, solem, lunam, ac CEetera nvimina, terres- tria ac ccelestia, quemadmodum sui majores ipsius majoribus pridem Herimoni et Hu- goni voverunt se cum posteris suis ipsi ac nepotibus HibernisB regibus, quamdiu solum Hibernicum sale ambitum inviola- tam fidem et obsequium prsestituros." — Ogygia, part iii. c. 56. ^ Ceara Leatha is the name by which Italy is called in the ancient Irish MSS. ac- cording to Duald Mac Firbis. This story was evidently ^vl•itten to flatter the pride of the Hy-Niall race, and to show that if any other family succeeded in obtaining the sovereignty they should be viewed in the light of usurpers; and indeed it were well for the ancient Irish if the sovereignty had been vested in some one family. O'Conor, in his Dissertations on the His- tory of Ireland, states that the Hy-Niall formed as old and as uninterrupted a dy- nasty as any family in Europe. « 6orpa Lothra, now Lorrah, a village in the Barony of Lower Ormond, in tlie north of the county of Tipperary, where St. and stipulated that if the sovereignty of Erin should be contested with liis descendants in violation of these oaths, taken on the ele- ments, by which he bound them, his progeny should still have the legitimate possession of Tara with its supporting families, and the old tribes ( )f Tara and Meath perpetually and ibr ever"^ ; and that should any of the race of Ugaine or Tuathal even consent to resign the sovereignty to any other person, the latter could not, nevertheless, come to dwell at Tara, unless he had given lands equally ancient as Tara to the descendants of Ugaine Mor and Tuathal Techtmhar while he should be king over them ; and that when this king sliould die, Tara shoidd revert to the race of Ugaine, according to the injiuiction laid by Ugaine himself on the men of Erin, when he took the hostages of Erin and of the countries extending eastwards to Leatlia''. Notwithstanding this, Tara was afterwards denounced by St. Ruadhan of Lothra" and the tAvelve apostles of Erin, and all the other saints of Erin, so that, whoever obtained the sovereignty, it was not auspicious for him to reside at Tara from the time it was cursed, l)ut the seat and habitation of each king who obtained the chief sway, was fixed in Avhatever locality he deemed most commodious and delight- ful*. When Domhnall, the son of Aedh, assumed the sovereignty, he Ruadhan, or Rodanus, erected a monastery Northern Hy-Niall race, was at Aileatli, in the sixth century. For a full account near Derry; the seats of the Southern of the cursing of Tara by this saint, the Hy-NiallwereatLoughLeane, near Castle- reader is referred to the Life of St. Rodanns, pollard, and at Dun na Sgiath, on the published by the Bollandists, 25th April, north-west margin of Loch Ainninn, now to Mageoghegan's Translation of the An- Lough Ennell, near Mullingar ; the seat of nals of Clomnacnoise, at the year 565, and the Dal-Cais was at Kincora, in the town to Petrie's History and Antiquities of Tara of Killaloe; and the seats of the two Hm, p. loi. monarchs of the O'Conor race, at Rath f These royal seats were in various parts Croghan, in the present county of Kos- of Ireland; that of the monarchs of the common, and at Tuam, in the conn I v Cteóa, inioppo, o jio jcib pije Gpenn ba y^ean a Dun-ajni]^ corh- nuiDce DO jioejae G|ienn cécup Oun na n-jen poji bjiu na boinne. Ocuf po ropainD j^uiiii pecc im'ipu niop-cnobli imon rn'in pin pa copniailiup UeiT)|iai5 na pig, ocup |ió rojiainD 510 rige in Dúine pin pa copmailinp cije na Uempac .1. in nnt>cuai]ir inop-aDbal, ip inri no bin in pij pepin ocup na pígna ocup na h-ollumam, ocuj^ an ip Deacli ppi cec n-t)án olcena; ocup in Cong llUiinan, ocup in í-onj Laigen, ocu]' m Clioipip Conncicr, ocup in Gacpaip Ulao, ocu]- Capcaip na n-giall, ocup i?erla na pilet), ocu]- ^pianan in en uairne, — ip epibe Do pijneD la Copmac mac Qipr ap rup Dia ingin .1. C)o ^paine — ocu]' na rige olcena cenmorac pin. CoDlaip of Galway. But the monarch of Ireland, house. of whatever race he happened to be, or '' Long Laighean, — i. e. the Leinster wherever he fixed his residence, was ne- house. vertheless called King of Tara as often as ' Coisir Connacht, — i. e. the Connaght King of Erin by the Bards. Banqueting house. 8 Dun na n-gedh. — This name is now ™ Eachrais Uladh, — i. e. the Ultonian forgotten. It was probably the name of house. These four houses seem to have the large fort on the south side of the formed a part of the Teach Midhchuarta. Boyne, near Dowth, in the county of East " Prison of the Hostages For the situ- Meath. In Mac Morissy's copy it is written ation of Duniha na n-giall, at Tara, near Dun na n-gaedh, which seems more cor- wliich must have stood Carcair na n-giall, rect. King Domhnall afterwards removed the Prison of the Hostages, see Petrie's his residence to Ard Fothadh, near the Hist, and Anticj. of Tara Hill, plate 7. town of Donegal, where he died, according ° Star of the Poets There is no men- to the Annals of the Four Masters, in the tion made of this house in Petrie's History year 639 \_recte 642]. and Antiquities of Tara Hill. ^ MiJhchuairt. — For an account of the p Grieman of the one pillar This is the Teach Midhchuarta, or Banqueting Hall fort called Eath Graine, in Petrie's His- at Tara, see Petrie's History and Antiqui- tory and Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 192. ties of Tara Hill, p. 160, et sequent. The relative situation of all the ruins, as ' Ollaves — Ollamh signifies a chief pro- existing on Tara Hill, in the tenth century, fessor of any science. are shown on plate 10 of that work, and J Long Mumhan, — i. e. the Munster as they exist at present on plate 6, and lie first selected Dun na n-gedh^, on the bank of the Boinn [the River Boyne], to be his habitation beyond all the sitiuitions in Erin. And he cU'ew [formed] seven very great I'amparts around this fort after the model of regal Tara, and he also laid out the houses of that fort after the model of the houses of Tara, namely, the gi-eat Midhchuairt", in which the king himself, and the queens, and the ollaves', and those who were most distinguished in each profession, sit; also the Long Miunhan^ the Long Laighean", the Coisir Con- nacht', the Eachrais Uladh™, the Prison of the Hostages", the Star of the Poets", the Grianan of the one pillar'' (which last had been first built at Tara by Cormac Mac Art**, for his daughter Grainne), and other houses besides. One very frequently used in the old Irish His- torical Tales and Romances. The follow- ing description of the erection of a Gria- nan, as given in a very ancient historical tale, entitled Fledh Bricrinn, i. e. the Feast of Brierenn, preserved in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, a MS. of the twelfth century, year 266. His daughter Graine, for whom now in the possession of Messrs. Hodges the Grianan here mentioned was erected, and Smith, will give one a tolerably cor- was the wife of the celelirated warrior rect idea of what the ancient Irish meant Finn Mac Cumhaill, the Fingal of Mac by the word: — " Then did Brierenn erect a Pherson's Ossian. The word "Grianan" Grianan near the couch of Kins Concobhar also on the Ordnance Map of the county of Meath, Parish of Tara. "• Cormac Mac Art The commence- ment of the reign of this monarch is re- corded in the Annals of Tighernach, at A. D. 218, and his death is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters at the may be thus correctly defined : i . A beau- tiful sunny spot, as Grianan Calraighe, a place in the parish of Calry, in the north of the county of Sligo. In this topogra- phical or rural sense, it is translated by Colgan, solarium, terra Solaris, (Acta SS. p. 13, not. 6). 2. A bower or summer- house. 3. A balcony or gallery, a boudoir. 4. A royal palace. In the third and fourth sense here set down, this word is and those of the heroes. This (irianan he formed of gems and various rich mate- rials, and jilaced on it vindoics of (/lass on every side. One of these windows he placed over his own couch, so tliat he might see the whole extent of the great house out of it," In the third sense it is used in the Leabhar Breac, fol. 27, a, a, to translate the Latin word ccenaculum. Coolai]" Oomnall croaij in|iuiTi ip in rij ]'in, ocup orci pipocup aiplmn ingtiat), ocup ip e ar conai]ic cuilen con |io h-aileo laip (.1. peapjlont) ainm in chon pin) pop a jlun pepir. a Oiil pop t)uib1e ociip t)a]'occ imtia, ocii]- cuanapra Gpenn ocup Ctlbon ocup Scaan ocup bpecan t)0 nnol Do'n cuilen I'ln, co rctpD-pctr pecc cam Do'n pig CO pepaib Gpenn ime ppi pecc laa na pecrmame, ocup co rapt)ra op ceant) eriiii]ui cac lain Oib-pin, ocu]' in peccinat) laa ann po mebait) pop na conu. Ocup po rnapbra ci'i in pij, an t)ap- \my, ip 111 car oemenac oib )'in. TTlupclaip laiuiin in pig ap a codIud ocup Do caeD no bmg ap in iniDaig co m-bui loinnocc pop uplap 111 cige. Oo bepr umoppo ben in pig, .1. ingen pig Oppaige, a ni laim im a bpagair, ocup apbepc ppip, aipip ocum-pa, a pig, ol pi, ocup na rue li'aipe pe pigi)^ib aiDce, ocup na por uainnaigrep cpicu; ap acac Conaill, ocup Gogain, ocu]^ Qipgialla, ocup Clann Colmain, ocup Sil QeDci Slaine, ocup cerpe pine Uempacli imur nnoclir ip in rig pi, ocup aipip pop ceill, ol ]'i. bennacc ■■ Vision. The word pip is given in 193. She was probably the sister of Croin- Cormac's Glossary as cognate with the seach, the daughter of Aedh Finn, Prince of Latin word visio. Ossory,who was married toKingDomhnall's ^ Erin Its Nominative is 6 ipe, Gen. brother, Maelcobha, the clerk. The death eipenn, Dat. or Oblique case eipinn. of Duinsech is recorded by all the Irish ' ^/A«, now Scotland. Norn. Qlba, Gen. Annalists; Tighernach, whose chronology aibcin, Dat. or Oblique case Qlbain. is the most correct, dates it A. D. 639. " Sacpan, i. e. that part of England '' Race of Conall, — i. e. the descendants then in the possession of the Saxons. of Conall Gulban, who was the youngest ' 6peacain, i. e. that part of Britain son of the monarch Niall of the Nine then in the possession of the Welsh or an- Hostages, and who died in the year 464. cient Britons. They had their possessions in the present «■ Qp cenn, literally " slaughter of county of Donegal, and in later ages heads," i. e. of men ; strages capitum. branched into several great families, as " The king's wife She was named Duin- O'Muldory, O'Canannan, O'Donnell, O'Do- sech,accordingto the history of remarkable lierty, O'Gallagher, O'Boyle, &c. women, preserved in the Book of Lecan, fol. ^ Race of Eoghan, — i. e. the descendants One niglit as Domhnall afterwards slept in this house, he had a vision' and a dream: he saw a greyhound whelp, Fearglonn by name, Avhich had been reared by himself, go forth from him, even from his knee, with rage and fury, gathering the dogs of Erin', Alba', Saxon- land" and Britain"; and they gave the king and the men of Erin around him seven battles during the seven days of the week, and a slaughter of heads" Avas made between them each day, but on the seventh day the dogs were worsted, and in the last battle the king's own hound, as he thought, was killed. The king then awoke from his sleep, and he sprang affrighted from his bed, so that he was naked on the floor of the house. The Idng's wife'', the daughter of the king of Ossory, put her two arms about his neck and said to him, " Tarry with nie, O king," said she, " and do not heed visions of the night, and be not affrighted by them, for the race of ConalP and Eoghan^, the Oirghialla", the Clann Colmain'', the sons of Aedh Slaine*^, and the foiu' tribes of Tara"*, are around thee this night in this house, and therefore" said she, " remain steady to reason." " A blessing of Eoghan, son of the same monarch. Malions, O'Carrolls, O'Hanlons, Maguires, Eoghan died in the year 465. After the O'Hanraghtys, Mac Kennas, &c. &c. Their establishment of surnames the more distm- country comprised the counties of Louth, guished families of this race were O'Neill, Armagh, and Monaghan, and the greater MacLoughlin, O'Kane, O'Hagan, O'Gorm- part of Fermanagh. ley, O'Quin, Mac Catbndiaoil, now Mac *> Clann Colmain, — i. e. the Race of Col- Cawell, O'Mullen, &c. &c. man, the son of Dermot. This Colman The Oirghicdla They were the de- flourished about the year 562, and was scendants of the three Collas, who de- the ancestor of the O'Melaghlins of West- stroyed the Ultonian palace of Emania, in meath, the chiefs of the Southern Hy- the year 333 (Ann. Tighernach.), and drove Niall race. the ancient Ultonians, or Clanna Eudli- "Aed/tSlaine He reigned jointly with raighe, beyond Glen Righe and Lough Colman, the son of Baedan, from the year Neagh, into the present counties of Down 599 to 605. and Antrim. In later ages the principal *" The four tribes of Tara The four families of the Oirghialla were the Mac tribes or families of Tara, after the esta- lEISH ARCH. SOC. 6. C lO bennacc pope, a ben, ol ye, ip mcor poni recaii'dp; ocup oo cciet» lee ip in leapaiD mp pin; ocup po lappacc in pigan pcelo ne ciD ar concdjic ij' in pip. Ni éibép ppir a pijan, ol pe, net ppi neac aile, no co poipuip co li-ciipm a pil TTIaelcaba Cleipecli, mo tiepbparaip, ap 1)^ e bpeirliem aiplinjri ip Deach pil a n-Gpnm. Uéir Kipinn in pig i cino imp ceo caipprecli co h-aipm a m-bui TTIaelcaba, mac Qeoa, mic Qinmipec, co Diiuim Dilaip, uaip ip ann po bui lap pógbail piji n-Gpenn a]i gpab Oé ocup in ChoimDeb na n-Dul, ocup Dípepc m-bec 0151 ann pin, ocup en Deicnebup ban, ocup ceDcleipecalin onn pin, ppi h-oippeno ocup ceilebpaD cec cpara. Painic umoppo in ]ii5 co Ojiuim Oilaip co ceac TTlailcaba, ocuj^ peprap pailn ppip ann, ocup Do gnirep pópaic t>oib, ocup ac nogaji biat) Doib cu m-bapaireaciacuile. Qnaic ctnn pin ppi pecrmain,ocu)" innipmOomnalliapum aaiplingri DoTllaelcaba coleip,ocupapbepr ppip, beip b]ieic puippe pin, a bpacaip inmain, ol pe. T?o h-imDepjra lapum im TTIaelcaba lap cloipcecr na li-aiplmgri, ocup a]'bepu, i]^ Clan o ca a cai]iim5i in ctiplmgre pin, c( pig, ol pe, ocup bépac-pa bpeir puippi. TDac jiig, ol pe, ocup cuilen con, inant) aiplmgi ooib. Qrar Da Dalra a5ur-pa,a pig, olpe, .1. Cobracli Caem mac T^agallaig hlisliment of surnames, were the O'Harts, when Donilmall, the brntlier of Maelcohlia, O'Regans, O'Kellys of Bregia, and O'Conol- and hero of this tale, succeeded, lys. See prose version of O'Dugan's To- ^ Druim Dilair was tlie ancient name of ]jographieal Poem, drawn up for Maguire aphiccnearBelleek, in the barony of Magh- hy the Four Masters, in the MS. collection eraboy, and county of Fermanagh. See of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, No. 178, O'Reilly's Irish Writers, pp. xli, xlii; also p. 345, line 1 2. the Leabhar Gabhala of the O'Clerys, reign *= Maelcohlia, the cleric, the son of Aedh, of Maolcobha, pp. 1 86 to 1 89, where Druim was King of Ireland from the year 612 to Dilair is described as near the margin of Caol 615, when he retired to Druim Dilair, Uisce, now Caol na h-Eirne, near BelJeek. liavingresigned the government to Suibhne ^Hermitage — Dii'epr, wdiichisthe name Meann, who reigned till the year 628, of many places in Ireland, is translated 1 1 "A blessing be upon thee, woman," said lie, "well hast thou quieted me ;" and he then returned with her into the bed. And tlie queen requested him to relate to her what he had seen in the vision. " I will not tell it to thee, queen," said he, " nor to any one else, vuitil I reach the place where Maelcobha, the cleric,' my brother, is. for he is the best interpreter of cbeams in Erin." In a month afterwards, the Idng proceeded with a hundred chariots to Druim Dilair,*^ where Maelcobha, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, was dwelling, liaving resigned the sovereignty of Erin for the love of God, the creator of the elements, and having here a small hermitage,^ with ten women, and one huncbed clerks to oifer masses and sing vespers at the hours. The king arrived at Druim Dilaii' at the house of JNIaelcobha, Avhere he Avas welcomed, and where a resting-place was prepared for him and his people, and food was distributed to them till they were all satisfied. They remained here for a week, and Domhnall fully revealed his dream to Maelcobha, and said to him, " Give thy judgment on that, dear brother." Mael- cobha grew red on hearing the dream, and said " It is long since the events shown in that di'cam were predicted, king," said he, " and I will pass my judgment upon it. A greyhound whelp in a dream," said he, " is the same as a king's son : thou hast two foster-sons, O king," said he, " namely, Cobhthach Caemh," the son of Raghallach, the son of Uadach desertus !oc/!s and desert /im liy Cólgan. the death of his father, Raghallach, is (Acta SS. p. 579, cap. 3). It originally noted by Tighernach, at the year 649, and meant desert or wilderness, but it was that of his brotlier Cellacli, at the year afterwards applied to a hermit's cell or 705. " Cellach Mac Ragallaigh Righ Con- habitation, as appears from the Leabhar nacht post dericatum obiit.'''' The name Breac, fol. 100, «, o, anda MS. in theLib. Cobhthach, which signifies victorious, is Trin. Coll. (H. 2. 18.) fol. 113, é, a. still preserved in the family name O'Cobh- •> Cohlitach Caemh — No mention is made thaigh, which is usually anglicised Cijfei/, of this Cobhthach in the Irish Annals, but without the prefix O'. C2 12 Rajallaij, nriic Uaoacli; [iig Connacc in Rajallac Iny^in; ocii]^ Conjal Claen, mac Scannlain Sciarlerain; jiig UlaD pepin in n CoTijal. Q]it)ai5pio ceccap oib i ragam-i'iu, a pij, ocu)" Do bepct oibeiigaij ocup oep Denma utlc Qlban, ocup Ppangc, ocup Saxan, ocup bjiecan laip Do cum n-6penn, ocup Do Bepac pecc cara Dinr- piu ocu]' D'pepaib Gpenn ap cena, cu m-ba li-ilapoa np plóg popaib Dibli'nib, ocii)^ in peccmaD car cuippife]i ecr]iaib caecpaiD Do Dalcct-pu ip in car pin. Ocii)' ip i pm b]ier na h-aiplingri ac conap- caip, a pig, ap TTlaelcaba, ocii)^ apeb ip coip Duirpiu, a pig, olpe, pleaD Do rupjnam aguD, ocup pip 6penn Do rapglom Dia cairim ocup geill caca cuiciD a n-Gpinn do jabail, ocup na Di Daira pin piler aguD-pa Do congbail a Ti-glapaib co ceann m-bliabna. Q]i ip neccap Dib ric ppir, Daij reic a neim apcac aij^lingri allapcig Do bliaDoin; ocup a leguD amac lap j^in, ocup peÓDu in, Da ocup maine Dípíme Do fabaipr Doib lapum. Ni Dinjencap pin lim-pa, ol in pig, cip ip cúpca no puicpmD pi 6pe map Do jénainD pell pop ma DcdcaDaib pepin, ap ni ric- paiD ppim-pa caiDce, ocup Dia npraip pipu in Domain ppim-]'a ni ficpaD Conjal. Conao ann apbepr po: Qc conapc aiplinji n-olc, pecrmain pop mip jup a nocr, ip Do ranagup om' rig, D'a h-aipnéip d'o ]i-inni]'in. nio cuilen-j^a cuanna a clu, pepglonn pep]i h-i na cec cu, Dap ' Congal Claen is called Congal Caech \'iTy-eyed. ill the Annals of Tighernach, at the year i Then he said — This is the usual ar- 637, and Congal Caoch, or Congal Claon, rangement of ancient Irish tales: a cer- in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the tain portion of the story is first told in year 624. It appears from this story that prose, and the most remarkable incidents both epithets are synonymous, and mean in the same afterwards repeated in metre, 13 Uadacli; ( this RagluiUacli is king ofCoiuiauglit); and Congal Claen', the son of Scannlan of the Broad Shield ; Congal himself is king of Ulster. Either of these will rise up against thee, king, and will bring the plunderers and the doers of evil of Alba, France, Saxon- land, and Britain Avith him to Erin, who will give seven battles to thee and the men of Erin, so that great slaughter shall be made be- tween you both, and in the seventh battle which shall be fought be- tween you, thy foster-son shall fall. And this is the interpretation of the vision thou hast seen, O king," said Maelcobha. " Now it is proper for thee, O king," said he, " to prepare a banquet, and to invite to it the men of Erin, and to obtain the hostages of every province in Erin, and also to detain in fetters, to the end of a year, these two foster- sons of thine, because it is one of them who will rise up against thee, and because the venom goes out of every dream within the year. Then set them at liberty, and bestow many jewels and much wealth upon them." " This shall not be done by me," said the king, " for sooner would I quit Erin than deal treacherously by my own foster-sons, for they will never rise up against me, and if all the men of the world should oppose me Congal would not." And then he said^ : DomhnaU. — " I have seen an evil dream. A week and a month this night, In consequence of it I left my house, To narrate it, to tell it. ]\Iy whelp of estimable character, Ferglonn, better than any hoimd, Methouglit often in the nature of a dialogue between amusement of their chieftains, at tlieir two of the principal characters. It is public feasts, and that the portions given generally supposed that these stories were in metre were sung See Preface. recited by the ancient Irish poets for the 14 Dap lin ]io rinoil Dam cuoin, D'áji Tinill 6[iinn p]ii h-oen uaip. beji-y^i bjieic pip uippe-pin, uaic a TTlailcaba, clepij ip cu Dlijep CO h-eiiTieacli, ar pipij, ac pip-cleiiiech. TTlac pig ip cuilen nu'lcon, inanD Doib jiip ip jmrnpab; inano menTna Doib malle, Ocnp inano aiplinge. nriac pig UkiD, apD a pmacc, no mac pig cuiceD Connacr, Cobracli — ric ppi~ ap cec poen, no a peap cumro, Congal Claen. Cobracli Do riacrain ppim-pa, inaip5 a Deip, imip i]' innpa; ip ni ricpaD Congal cam, ppim-pa ap Depg-óp in Domain. Comaipli na millpeD neac, uaim Duir, a ui Qinmipec: a n-gabail pe bliabain m-bain, ni ba mepaiDi li' éDail. TTlaipg aipe Do cuaiD Do'n gup, Dia nom' jébaó airpecup, Da n-DepnainD, nip puaipc in glonn, noca DecpainD ceill na conD. a-. "Ck in pig Dm ng mp pin, ocup po cinoilleD pleaó bainDpi laip Do 6énam bainopi a óúine ocup a pige, ocup ni paib a n-GpinnDun amail 15 Methought assembled a pack By which he destroyed Erin in one hour. Pass thou a true judgment upon it, Maelcoblia, cleric, It is thou oughtest readily. Thou art a seer and a true cleric." Maelcoblia. — '" The son of a king and a greyhound whel[) Show the same coiu-age and exploits; They have both the same propensity, And in di-eams are [denote] the same thing. The son of Ulster's king of high authority, Or the son of the king of the province of Connauglit, Cobhthach, — will oppose thee in every way, 0\- his ]ilayniate, Congal Claen." Duiiilmall. — "That Coblithuch should oppose me It is cruel to say, for it is difficult; And the comely Congal woidd not rise up Against me for the world's red gold." Maeleobha. — " A counsel which shall injure no one From me to thee, grandson of Ainmire : To fetter them for a full bright year; Thy prosperity Avill not l^e the woi'se foi' it." Diniiluiall. — "Alas, for the judge who came to the decision, For wdiich remorse would seize me; Should I do the deed, 'twould not be jnyl'iil, 1 would not consult sense or reason. I have seen," &c. After this, tlie king returned to liis house, and prepared a banquet to celebrate the completion of his palace and his accession to the tlii'one. i6 otTiail a óún-fUTTi, acr nap ba binD laip cui pigain ocu]' la Oom- nall pepm a atnm .1. Oiin na n-géo Do 5oi|it)ip C»e. Ociip ip é ]io |inib Ooninall ppi a niciepu ocup ppi a peccaipiii, ocup ppi h-oep robaij; a cana ociip a cipa, ina b-puijbeDi]^ a n-6pinn De injib 566 t)o cabaipc leo Do cum na pleiDe pin, ap nip bo miaD la Ooinnall co m-beif 1 n-6pinD cenel m-biD nócVi puijbirea popp in pleiD pin. T?o rinolaD rpa in pleaD iiile irip pin, ocup mÍD, ocup copmoim, ocup cenel cec biD olcena, cenmorar na h-uiji noma, cip nip ba peiD a pc'ijbail. Ocup Do DeacaDap oep in robaij peacnóin ÍTiÍDe pop lapaip na n-uige, conupraplctDap pop Duipreach m-bec, ocuj> oen bannj'cal ann, ocup caille Dub pop a cinD, ocup pi oc ipnaijre ppi Dia. Ctc ciaD Tiiumcip in juj ealca Do jéDaib 1 n-Dopup in Duiprije. Uiajaic ip in reac ocup po ^abar loiiD Ion De ui?;ib gen ann. Ocup apbep- raDaji pop pen iiiair Dun, ol lar, uaip Dia pipniipepe, ni puigbirea ni buD tnó oloapeo De uijib 560 in oen inaD innci. Nipu penmair, icip '' His accession to the throne It was a Ma.ch Rath. custom among the Irish chieftains to give "" To procure them — Tliat is, it was not a feast at the completion of any great work, easy to procure them at that season, as or on their succession to the chieftain- geese do not lay tliroughout the year. gljip_ " Ditirtheach. — This word has been in- ' Dun na n-Gedh signifies the dun or correctly rendered nosocomitan by Dr. fort of the geese. In Mac Morrissy's copy O'Conor, throughout his translation of ofthisTract, which was corrected by Peter the Irish Annals, but correctly pceniten- ConneU, now forming No. 60 of the MS, tiuni cedes, and domus pcenitentice, by Col- collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, it gan, who understood the ancient Irish iswritten Dun na n-Gaedh, i- e.theíoTtoí language far better than Dr. O'Conor. the darts or wounds. It is curious, that (Acta SS. p. 407 and 606). Peter Connell, the writer of the story does not state why in his Dictionary, explains it, a house of King Domhnall had hnposed such a name austerity, rigour, and penance. There are oil his new palace. It does not appear to several ruins oi Duirtheachs still remain- be derived from the goose eggs which are ing in Ireland, and we learn from an ancient made the principal cause of the battle of vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity Col- 17 throne''. There was not in Erin a fort like his fort, but neither tlie Queen, nor Domhnall liimself, deemed the soimd of the name by which it was called melodious, viz., Dmi na n-Gedh'. And Domhnall com- manded his stewards and lawgivers, and the collectors of his rents and tribute.^, to gather and bring to the feast all the goose eggs that could be found in Erin, for Domhnall did not deem it honourable that there should be in Erin a kind of food that should not be found at that banquet; and all the materials were collected for the feast, wine, methegiin, and ale, and every kind of food besides, except the eggs alone, for it was not easy to prociu'e them". And the collectors went forth throughout Meath, in search of the eggs, until they came to a small Duirtheach" [hermitage], in which was one woman" with a black hood'' upon her head, and she praying to God. The king's peoj)le saw a flock of geese at the door of the Duirtheach ; they went into the house and found a vessel full of goose eggs. " We have had great success," said they, " for should Ave search Erin, there could not be found more goose eggs together in one place than are here." " It will not be good success," said the woman, " and it will not redound lege, Dublin, that the Duirtheach was the Erc's Hermitage. smallest of the sacred edifices in use ° One woman. — The word bannpcal, amongst the ancient Irish. See the pas- which is also written banpjal, is now ob- sage given in I'ull in the second part of solete, but it occurs so frequently in the Mr. Petrie's Inquiry into the Origin and ancient MSS. that its meaning cannot be Uses of the Koimd Towers of Ireland, mistaken. It is always used to denote where the meaning of the word is dis- female or leoman, as is peppcal to denote cussed at full length. male or man. " Ip cpia bunpjal cainic The site of the Duirtheach above re- bap Do"n bic, i. e. it is through, or on ac- ferred to, which is on the margin of tlie count of, a woman, death entered into the Boyne, near the village of Slane, in the world." — Leahhar Breac. county of East Meath, is now occupied by P With a black hood. — The word caiUe a small chapel in ruins, which, though is evidently cognate with the English only a few centuries old, is still called word coicl. It is translated velum by Col- IKISH ARCH. SOC. 6. D i8 icip on, ol in bannpcal, ocup ni ba lirli Do'n pleiD jnp a ni-be|irea]i in m-bec m-bíó pin. CiD pin? ol lar. Nin. ol in bannpcal ; nciein mijibuloa Do muinDci]! t)é pil punn .1. Gppuc Gape Slaine, ociip ip e a mor» beir ip in 6oinn conice a Di ocpctil o nioDam co pepcop, ocnp a palraip popp in cpacc ina pictonaipi, ocup pé oc ipnaign Do jpep; ocup 1)' 1 a ppoinD ceca nóna lap code punn 115 co leirli ocup rpi gapa Do bipop net 6oinne; ocup ip e ip coip Duib-pi cen a papugctD iiiion ni-bec ni-biD ]'in pil aici. Ni capDpac mpum muinncip uaibpec in pig riac ppectgpa puippi. LIai|i baDa]i oirij a h-ucc cpeoin laD Do'n cup pin, ocu]^ bepaic leo cuiD m pipeoin ocup m naeiiTi Dia ainDeoin. TTlcdpg cpa gup a pucaD in m-bec m-biD pin, ap po pcip mop olc De lapcain, uaip ni paibe Gpiu oen aDaij o pin ille c( j'lD na a pocpa, no cen pun uilc ocup eccopct do Denum inDci co cenn arlicdb. Uic inc-eplam Dia fig lapum .1. Gppuc Gape Slair,e, rparnona, ocup innij'iD in bcinnpccd pgela a papuigfe Do. pepgoijcep uiiiie pin in pipén, ocup apbepc: ni pu pen mctich Do'n n ■^uy a pucaD in cenel biD pin, ocup nap ub é píb na lea)^ Gpenn cic Do'n pleiD gup a pucaD; acr gup ab é a h-impepna, ocup a corigala, ocup a li-epiD cic Di. Ocup po ej'cain lajium in pleaD amail ip neiiii- neacu pop caemnacaip a li-eapcame. d m-barap gau, and explained m a Glossary preserved beyond dispute : " po lluaip ITlac CaiUe in a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, caille uap ceann naorii ópijoe, i. e. Po- (H. 3. 18.) p. 524. "6péiD Dub," a black suit Maccalcus velum super caput Sanctoe veil ; and by O'Clery, " 6peiD Biop ap Brigido'.'''' ceannaib ban," i. e. a veil wliicli women "^ Bishop Ere This is an anachronism, wear on their heads. O'Brien, in his Die- for Bishop Ere, of Slaine, who was cotem- tionary, explains this word, " a ved or porary with St. Patrick, died in the year cowl given to a nun or monk," and quotes 514 (Ussher's Primordia, p. 442), and this the following passage from an Irish Life battle was fought in the year 638, that is, of St. Bridget, which puts its meaning 124 years after Erc's death I The pro- 19 i'ed( lund to the happiness of tlie banquet to which this small quantity of provisions will be brought." " Why so?" said they. " It is plain," said the woman; " a wonder-working saint of God's people dwells here, namely. Bishop Ere, of Slaine", and his custom is to remain im- mersed in the Boinn,'" up to his two arm -pits, from morning till evening, having his Psalter before him on the strand, constantly engaged in prayer ; and his dinner every evening on returning hither is an egg and a half, and tln-ee sprigs of the cresses of the Boinn ; and it be- hoves you not to take away from him the small store of food which he has. But the proud people of the Idng made no reply to her, — for they were plebeians in the shape of heroes on this occasion, — and they carried away the projierty (_)f the righteous man and saint, in despite of him [her]. But woe to him to whom this small quantity of food was brought, for a great evil sprang from it afterwards ; for Erin was not one night thenceforward in the enjoyment of peace, or tranquillity, or without a desire of evil or injustice, for some time. The holy patron. Bishop Ere, of Slaine, came to his house in the evening, and the woman told him how he was plundered. The righteous man then became wroth, and said: " It wall not be good luck to the person to whom this kind of food was brought ; and may the peace or welfare of Erin not residt from the banquet to which it was brought ; but may c^uarrels, contentions, and commotions be tlie consequence to her." And he cursed the banquet* as bitterly as he was able to curse it. As l)al)ility is, that tlie original composer of wliicli flows through the towns of Trim, the story had written Comkarba [i. e. sue- Navan, and Drogheda, and has its source cessor] of Ere, of Slaine; but all the copies in Trinity Well, at the foot of a hill, an- to which we have access at present agree eiently called Sidh Nechtain, in the barony in making the Saint Ere himself — See of Carbery, and county of Klldare. Note B, at the end of the volume. ^ He cursed the banquet It would ap- ■■£0/««, now the celebrated liiver Boy ne, pear that the irritability said to be so dis- D2 20 Q m-bacap muinnci]i in jiijann icqi pin inci comDciil, ar concaraji in lanamuin ciicii .i.bean ocuppea]!; meDicep ppi mulba Di ccqipaic pop pléib cec m-ball Dia m-ballaib ; ^épirep alcan beppra paebiip a lupgan; a pála ocup a ii-eapcaoa pempii; 56 pocepnra miac Di ublaib pop a cennaib ni poipeo uball Dib Inp, ace concbpeo pop bapp cec oen puainne Do'n pule agjopb, airjep, po innpapcpia n-a 5-ceni)nib; guipmrep glial, no biiibirep tiearaig cec ni-ball Dib; giliuep pnecca a puile; concepcac pabach Dm pep iccaip concbpeo Dap cul a cinD pecraip, ocup concepDar pctbacb Dia pep uaccaip con poilgeD a n-jluine; ulca popp in m-bonnpcail ocup in peppccd cen ulcain. Oiiolbacli eruppu '5a h-imapcop Ion De uijib 560. bennacpar Do'n pij po'n innap pm. CiD pm? ol in pig. Nin. oliac, pipu tinguisliing a feature in the Irish character, was, at least in those times, exhibited as strikingly by the ecclesiastics as by the laity. In the twelfth century Giraldus Cambrensis wrote the following curious remark on this subject: " Hoc autem mirabUe mUii et notabile videtur: quod sicut nationis Inij us homi- nes hac in vita mortaU pr» aliis gentibus impatientes sunt et praecipites ad vindic- tam: sic et in morte vitali, meritis jam excelsi, pr£e aliarum regionum Sanctis, animi vindicis esse videntur. Nee alia mQii ratio eventus hujus occurrit: nisi quoniam gens Hibernica castellis carens, prffidoni- bus abundans, Ecclesiarum potius refugiis quam castrortun municipiis, et pra;cipue Ecclesiastici viri scque suaque tueri solent: divina providentia simul et indulgentia gravl frequentique animadversione, in Ec- clesiarum hostes opus fuerat. Ut et sic ab ecclesiastica pace impiorum pravitas procul arceatur: et ipsis ecclesiis ab irre- verenti populo debita veneratio vel servi- liter exhibeatur." — Topograpkia Hibernice, Dist. 2. c. Iv. Another specmien of this kind of in- dignant cursing will be found in the Irish Tale entitled, " Death of Muirchertach Mor Mac Earca," preserved in a vellum MS. in the Library of Trin. Coll. Dub. (II. 2. 16.) p. 3 16. It is the curse uttered by St. Cairneach of Tuilen (now Dulane, near Kells, in the county of East Meath), against the Royal Palace of Cletty, on the Boyne. inhabited by Muirchertach Mor Mac Earca, who became monarch of Ire- laud A. D. 513. The following are the words of this curse literally translated : " A curse be upon this hill. Upon Cletty of beautiful hillocks. May nor its corn nor its mUk be good ; May it be full of hatred and misery ; May neither king nor chief be in it, &c." 21 As the king's people Avere afterwards at the assembly, they saw a couple approaching them, namely, a woman and a man; larger than the smnmitof a rock on a mountain was each member of their members; sharper than' a sha-ving knife the edge of their shins; their heels and hams in front of them ; shoidd a sackful of apples be thrown on their heads not one of them would fall to the ground, but would stick on the points of the strong, bristly hair which grew out of their heads ; blacker than the coal or darker than the smoke was each of their mem- bers; whiter than snow their eyes; a lock of the lower beard was carried round the back of the head, and a k)ck of the upper beard descended so as to cover the knees; the woman had whiskers, but the man was without whiskers. They carried a tub between them which was full of goose eggs. In tliis plight they saluted the king. " What is that?" said the king. " It is plain," said they, " the men of Erin are making a banquet ' Sharper than This mode of descrip- tion by comparatives ending in cep is very common in ancient Irish MS.S., bnt never used nor understood in the modern Irish. This form of the comparative de- gree comprises in it the force of a com- parative, and that of the Conjunction than, which always follows it in English, or of the Alalative case in Latin. Thus j^éipirep alcan is the same as the mo- dern niop géipe má alcan, "sharper than a razor." Wlien the Noun following this form of the comparative degree is of the feminine gender it always appears in the Dative or Ablative case, as jilicep jpéin, whiter than the sim, which is exactly simi- lar to the Latin luckUor sole. Some Irish grammarians have attempted to account for this form, by stating that it is not pro- perly a form of the comparative degree, hut an amalgamation, or synthetic union, of a Noun formed from the Adjective, and the Preposition cap beyond; so that in the above instance geipirep is to be considered an amalgamation of jeipe or jeipi (a Sub- stantive formed from the Adjective jeap), sharpness, and the Preposition cap, beyond; and thus according to them jeipirep alcan, if literally translated, would be a " sharp- ness beyond, i. e. exceeding, a razor.'''' — See Observations on the Gaelic Language, by E.M'Elligott,pubUshed in the Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, vol.i. p. 36, where, however, that very clever scholar seems to consider this a regular compara- tive form of Irish Adjectives. 22 pijni G|ienn oc cectglumao pleDi Dinc-i'iu, ocup oo bep cec peap a cnmang Do'n plem j'lri, ocupip e cip cumang-ne ina pil pop ap niuin t)e uigib. Qm buibec De, ol in pig. bepnp ip in Diin icir, ociip oo bepap ppoino ceo oo biiiO ociip copmaim ooib. LoinjiO in pepj^cal pin ocup m rctpD ni oe oo'n bctnpcal. Oo bepap ppoino ceo eli Ooib. Lomgio Oibbnib )^in. T~c(bap bmo Oun, ol lar, ttió rá lib li-é. Ip ciibup oun, ol Capciabach, .1. pecrciipe in pig, ni cibeprep CO coippec pipu Gpenn olcena oo'n pleio. QpbepcaOap puin, bio olc Oiiib pmne 00 romailc na pleoi ap ^\^y, ap bio impepnaig pipu Gpenn impe, ap ip 00 riiiimnrip ip]iinn Oiin, ociip po gniac niicel- maine mop Do na plogaib. Cingic amac lapuin ocup ciagaic pop nepni. r?o rocuiprea mpiim ciiiceoaig Gpenn oo'n pleiO pin, ocup a piju, ocup a roipig, ocii|^a n-óc-rigepnn, ocu]^ a n-ani)'aiO, ocup oej' caca oana gnaraig ocup ingnctchciig olcena. Ip lac po ba cuige- oaig pop Gjimn in can pin .1. Congal Ckien, mac Scannlain, 1 pigi n-Ulao, ocu]' C]iinirann, mac QeDa Cipp, 1 pigi Caigen, ocup TTIaelDuin, mac QeOa bennain, 1 pigi Tllunian, ocup a bparai]i .i. loUcinn, mac QeOa bennciin, pop Oepitiumain, ocup Pagallac, mac Uaoac, " Vanislicd, c*JT. — This is the kind of slain in the battle of Ath Goan, five years characters intrudnced into ancient Irish before the battle of Magh Eath. stories, instead of the footpads and bandits " A. D. 632 Belhnn Atlio Gown in of modern novels. Wonder-working saints larcXhsx lÁti In quo cei'idit C'remtann mac and horrific phantoms were, in the all- Aedo fHii Senaich, Bex. Lageniorum!''' — believing ages in which such tales were Ann. Ult. written, necessary to give interest to every " A. D. 633 The battle of Ath Goan narrative, whether the piece was fiction, in larthar Lifi, in quo cecidit Cremmthann history, or a mixture of both. mac Aedo mac Senaigh, fíexLaqeniorum : ^ Crimt//a7tn,t/ie sono/Aed/i Cirr This Faelan mac Cohnain mic Conaill mic is another anachronism, for, according to Suibhne, Itex Midice, et Tailbe Flann, Bex the Annals of Ulster and Tighernach, this Momoni(r\ rictores eranV—Ann. Tig. Crimthann, King of Leinster, had been " Maeldtiin, the son o/Aed/i Bennain 23 banquet for thee, and each brings what he can to that banquet, and our mite is the quantity of eggs we are carrying." " I am thankful for it," said the king. They were conducted into the palace, and a dinner sufficient for a himdred was given to them of meat and ale. This the man consumed, and did not give any part of it to the woman. Another dimier sufficient for a hundi-ed was given them, and the woman alone consumed it. They demanded niore, and another dinner for a hundred was given tliem, and both of them together consumed it. " Give us food," said they, " if ye have it." " By our word w^e shall not," said Casciabhach, the king's Rechtaire, " till the men of Erin in general shall come to the feast." The others then said, " Evil shall it be to you that we have partaken of the banquet first, for the men of Erin shall be quarrelsome at it, for Ave are of the people of Infernus." And they predicted great evils to the nndtitudes, and afterwards ruslied out, and vanished into nothing". After this Avere invited to the banquet the provincial kings of Erin and her dpiasts and chieftains, Avith their young lords and life- guards, and also the professors of every science, ordinary and extra- ordinary. These Avere the provincial kings of Erin at that time, viz., Congal Claen, the son of Scannlan, in the government of Ulster, Crimthann, the son of Aedh Cirr\ in the government of Leinster ; Maelduin, the son of Aedh Bennain", in the government of Munster ; and his brother lUann", son of Aedh Bennan, over Desmond; and Raghallach, son of Uadach\ in the sovereignty of Connaught; and Domhnall, According to the Annals of Tighcruacli, in the year 640, and burned to death in tlie the father of this Maelduin died in the year 641, on the island o( Inis Cain. year 619. He was the ancestor of the ^ Hh brother Illann. — This Illann is not famous family of O'Moriarty, in the county mentioned in any of the Irish Annals, of Kerry, as mentioned in all the genealo- " Raghallach Mac Uadach, King of Con- gical Irish hooks. Maelduin himself was naught, was slain, according to the Annals defeated in the battle of Cathair Chin Coii, of Tighernach, in the year 649. o 24 UaDac, 1 jiigi Connacr, ocii)^ Oomnall mac Qeoa pe]Mn in aipD-pigi poji G|iinTi uoiynb ]'in iiile. Uucca lapum na l^loi^; ]^in uile, pijui, macii, mna, pceo ingena, Ictecctib, clepcib, co tn-bauap poji poicri Oiiin na n-géo oc cecc no rocaicim na pleDi Oo ponca ano la Oonmall, mac QeDa. l?o epi^ in pij oo peprain pailci ppip na pi^u, ociip aphepr pocen Diiib iiile, ol ye, icip pi5 ocu)' pigain, ociip piliD ocu)- olluni. Ociip apbepc ppi Congal Claen, pjiia Galea pepin, eipg, ol pé, Do bécpain na plebi moipe pil ipin oiin, ocii)' tna caióbpiuó, áp ac mair Do raib- bpuif) ociip c' paipcpiu pop ncicli ni ac cipirea. Ueic, Dm, Congal ip in ceac a poibe in pleD, ocii]' po Décupcap iiile In, irtp biao ocu)' pin, ocup copmaim, ociip po ropainD a pope popp na h-ingib 560 ac conaipc ann, ctp ba h-ingnao laip, ocup po comail mi'p a h-uj Dib, ocup ibiD D15 ma DiaiD. Ocup cic arnac lap pin, ocup apbepc ppi Oomnall, ba DÓ15 lim, ol pé, Dia m-beDip pipu 6penn ppi cpi mipa ip in Dim, co m-biaD a n-Daicliin bÍD ocup D151 ino. ba buiDec in pig De pin, ocup céic pepin Do Deicpiu na pleDi, ocup innipcep Do amail po epcain 6ppuc 6apc Slaine in pleD, ocup cec oen no cairpeD na h-uige Do paca uaDa pepin. Ocu]' ar CÍ in pig na h-uigi ocup po lappacc cia po romail ni Do'n U15 eai'baoaij ucur, ol pe; áp po piccp-puim in céona po coimelao ni Do'n pleiD ocup pi ap na li-e]'came, cumaD De cicpao GpmD Do rhilleD, ocup a aimpeip-pium Dobenum; coniD De pin po lappacc pcéla m uige ucuc. QpbepcaDap cc'tcli, Congal, ol lac, Do Dctlra pepin, i)' e ]io romail m ug. 6a bponac in pi j De pin, op ni paibe a n-Gpinn neac buD meapa laip Do tromailc na pleDi ap cup iná Congal, ^ To rieic the great /east t)o oécpain ainr, ^vhlell is the form stiJl in common na fleoi moipe. The verb oecfam, to use. see, or view, which is now obsolete, is " T//c broÁ-eji egg, — t)o'n 1115 eapbnóaij changed in Mac Morissy's copy to o'péc- ucur. The word eapbaoaij is supplied 25 Doniliaall, the son of Acdh himself, in the sovereignty of Erin, over all these. All these hosts, men, youths, women, and damsels, laity and clergy, were conducted to the Green of Dun na n-Gedh to partake of the feast prepared there by Domhnall, the son of Aedh. The monarch rose up to welcome the kings, and said, " My love to you all both king and (pieen, poet and ollave ;" and he said to Congal Claen, his own foster-son, " Go," said he, " to view' the great feast which is in the palace, and to estimate it, f(.)r good is thy siuwey and examination of whatsoever thou seest." Then Congal entered the house in Avhicli the feast was prepared, and viewed it all, both viands and wine, and ale, and he laid his eye upon the goose eggs which he saw there, for he marvelled at them, and he ate a part of one of them, and took a drink after it. He then came out and said to Donihnall, " I think," said he, " if the men of Erin were to remain for three months in the palace, that there is a sufficiency of food and drink for them there." The king was thankful for this, and went himself to take a view of the feast ; and he was told how Bishop Ere of Slaine had cursed the feast, and every one Avho should partake of the eggs Avhich had been taken away from him; and the king saw the eggs, and asked who ate a part of the broken egg" (pointing to that which Congal had broken), for he knew that the first person^ who should partake of the banquet which had been ciu'sed, would be the man Avho would destroy Erin, and disobey himself; wherefore he asked about this egg. All replied, " It was Congal, thy own foster-son, that ate of the egg." The king was sorro\vful for this, for he felt more grieved that Congal should have partaken from the paper copy. Ucuc is the an- obsolete, an céao ouine being substituted pient form of tlie modern úd, i. e. that, or in its place ; but it is constantly used in yon. the ancient MSS. to denote the Jirst person '' T/>e first person, — In céona, is now or thing. IRISH ARCH, SOC. 6. E 26 Corral, a]i pojipirep-pium a mi-ciall ocu]' a olc co menic ppip poime pin. Ociip apbejic in pi^ lap pm, ni foimela neach ni Do'n pleD pa, ol pe, co cucrap xii. appDcd na h-6penn oia bennacaD, ocup Dm coipeajpao, ociip ju pa cmiier a li-epcame pop ciilu Dia caempaoip. Uucca lapuTii na naeim pin uile co li-oen mao, co m-harap ip in Dun la Oomnall. Ire ]'unn aninctnna na ncjeni do óecícaDap ann pin .1. pinoen TTluiji bile, ocup pinDen Cluana h-lpaipo, ocup Colum Cilli, ocup Colum mac Cpmirbamn, ocup Ciapan Cluancj T111C noip, ocup CainDech ruac li-ui Ocilano, ocup Comgall beann- caip, ocup bpenainD mac pmDloga, ocup bpenamD bipoip, ocup T?uaDan Loirpa, ocup NmDiD CpaibDec, ocup TTlobi Clapamech, ocup TTiolaipi mac Narppoicli. Ire pm xii. appDal na li-Gpenn ocup f Colum CiUe St. Columbkille was born in the year 5 1 9, and died in the year 596, in the seventy-seventh year of liis age See Lanigan, vol. iii. pp. 244, 245. 8 Colum Mac Crimthainn, was abbot of Tir-da-glas, now Terryglass, in the barony of Lower Ormond, in the county of Tip- perary, and died in the same year mth St. Finnen of Clonard, namely, in the year 552 Lanigan, vol. ii. pp. 71, 75. ^ Ciaran ofCbiain Mic Nois, now Clon- macnoise, on the Shannon, in the barony of Garrycastle, and King's County, died in the year 549. — Lanigan, vol. ii. pp. 52 and 59. ' Cainiieck Mac h-Ui Dalann, the pa- tron of Aghaboe, in the Queen's County, died in the year 599, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. — Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 201. J CnmJifjItall of Bennchar. — St. Comgall, •^ The twelve apostles, Sfc. — In ]\Lac Mor- issy's copy, we read oa Gpf. oecc na h-eipionn, the txelce Bishops of Erin, which seems more correct ; but it is strange that there are thirteen, not twelve, saints mentioned in both copies. '' Finnen ofMagh Bile. — This is another gross anachronism; for Fmnen of Magh Bile, now Movilla, in the county of Down, died in the year 576, i. e. 62 years before the Battle of Magh Rath, " A. D. 576, (^uies Finnin Magh BUe." — Ann. Inisf., as cited by Lanigan, vol. ii. pp. 26, 27. ^ Finnen ofCluain Iraird, now Clonard, in Meath, died in the year 552 ; so that we cannot believe that he was present at this banquet. — See Lanigan's Ecclesiasti- cal History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 22, and all the Irish Annals, which place his death about this period. 27 partaken first of the banquet rather than any other person in Erin, for he had often before experienced his rashness and propensity to evil. And after this tlie Iving said, "No one else shall partake of this feast, until tlie twelve apostles" of Erin are brought to bless and consecrate it, and avert the curse if they can." All these saints were afterwards brought together, so that they were in the palace with Domhnall. The following are the names of the saints who went thither, viz., Einnen of Magh Bile'', Einnen of Cluain Iraird^ Cohun Cille*, Cokun Mac Crimhthainn^, Ciarari of Cluain Mic Nois", Cainnech Mac h-Ui Dalann', ComhghaJl of Benn- char\ Brenainn, the son of Einnloga", Brenainn of Birra', Kuadhan of Lothra", Ninnidh the Pious", Moblii Clarainech", and Molaisi, the son of Nadfraech''. These were the twelve apostles of Erin, and each patron of Benncliar, now Bangor, in the coiinty of Down, died on the loth of Jlay, A. D. 60 1. — Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 63. I' Brenainn, the son of Finnloija, the pa- tron saint of the see of Cloniert, in the county of Galway, Avas born in tlie year 484, and died in 577, in the ninety-fourth year of his age. — Lanigan, vol. ii. pp. 28, 30. ' Brenainn of Birra. — St. Brenainn, or Brendan, of Birra, now Birr, or Parsons- town, in the King's County, died on the zgtli of November, A. D. 571. — Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 39. ™ Ruadhan of Loihra St. Ruadan, the patron of Lothra, now Lorrah, in the county of Tipperary, died ou the 1 5th of April, K. D. 584. — Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 233- ° Ninnidh the Pious, the patron of the E parish of Inis Muighe Samh, now Inis- niaosaint, in the north-west of the county of Fermanagh, was living in the year 530, but the year of his death is uncertain. His bell is still preserved in the museum at Castle Caldwell, near Belleek, in the county of Fermanagh, where the writer of these remarks saw it in the year 1835 See Lanigan, vol. ii. p. ^^, mite 173. ° Mohhi Clarainech, patron of Glas- naidhen, now Glasnevin, near the city of Dublin, died on the 12 th of October, A. D. 545 — See Four Masters, ad an». 544, and Lanigan, vol. ii. p. 78. f Molaisi, the son of Nadfraech, he was the brother of Aengus, the first Christian king of Munster, and died about the year 570 See Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History, vol. ii. p. 188. It will have been seen from the thirteen 28 ocup ceo naem nialle ppi cec nctem Dib. Do para uile in lin naem yw do benriacaD ocuy Do coii^ejiiaD na pleDi, ocu]- a]i ai ym r]ia mil pécpac a h-epcaine do cup pop ciilu, DÓij po roniail Conjal ni Do'n pleiD jiei^ui po bennaijen h-i, ociip nip pérpar a neim pein Do cup pop culu. l?o puiDigeD na ploij lap pin; po )niiD uniopjio in pig ap ru]- ip in inipcinj ópDai. Ocup ip e ba bép ocup bo DligeaD acu-pum, in ran buD pig o UiB Neill in Oeipcipr no biaD pop Gpino cunioD li-e pig Connacc no biaD pop a laim oeip; inOD ó Uib Neill in Uuaipcipr umoppo in pigi, pig UlaD no biD pop a laim Deip, ocup pig Connacc pop a laim cli. Ni li-aiiilaiD pin Do pala in anaig pin, ace TilaeloDap TTlaca, pig noi rpiclia ceo Oipgiall, po cui- peaD pop gualainD in pig, ocup na cuigeaDaig a]i cena Do puiDiugaD aniail po bui a n-Dan do cac. TTlop olc Do cecc De lapcain. l?o DOileD lapuiii biaD ocup Deoc popaib comDap inej^ca meoap- caoine; ocup rucca ug geiD pop méip aipgDigi, i pioDnaipi cec pig ipincig; ocup o painic in méip ocup in ug i piaDnaipi Congail Claein, Do pigneD mia]- cpanDa Do'n méi)^ apgaiD, ocu)^ Do pigneb ug cipce clum-puaiDe Do'n uig geiD, amail po npcanpar póiDi ó céin. preceding notes, tliat none of these saints '^Golden Couch Impcinj ópoai. Tlie could have been present at the Banquet of word impcinj is explained in a MS. in Dun na n-Gedh, and that either the writer the Library of Trin. Col. Dublin, (H. 3. of it was a very inaccurate historian, or 18.) p. 212, by the modern word leabam, that his transcribers have corrupted his a bed or couch, which is unqiiestiouably text. The entire difficulty could be got its true sense in this sentence. over by substituting bishops for apostles, ^ Southern Hf/-N/a}l. — TheO'Melaghlins, and by inserting the word comharba, i. e. now corruptly Mac Loughlins, of ileath, representative or successor, before the were the heads of the Southern Hy-Niall names of these saints. The probability, after the establishment of surnames, however, is, that the anachronism is an ' Northern Hy-Niall. — After the esta- original blunder of the writer himself blishment of surnames, the heads of the 29 each saint of them had one hundred saints along with him. All this number of saints was brought to bless and consecrate the feast, but they were not able to avert the malediction, because Congal had tasted of the feast before it was blest, and the venom of this they were not able to avert. After this the hosts were seated. First of all the king sat in the golden couch"*, and the custom and law at this time was, that when tlie monarch of Erin Avas of the Southern Hy-Niall'', the king of Con- naught should sit at his right hand ; but if of the Northern Hy-NialP, the king of Ulster should be at his right hand, and the king of Connaught at his left hand. It did not happen so on this night, but Maelodhar' Macha, king of the nine cantreds of Oirghiall, was placed at the king's rigid shoulder, and the provincial kings were seated where they ought to sit. A great evil afterwards resulted from this. Meat and di-iiik were afterwards distributed to them, until they became inebriated ami (het'ri'ul ; and a goose egg was brought on a silver dish, before every king in the house ; and Avhen the dish and the egg were placed before Congal Claen, the silver dish was trans- ibrmed into a wooden one, and the goose egg into the egg of a red-feathered hen", as prophets had foretold of old. When the Ul- tonians Northern Ily-NiaU race were the O'Neills and the Mac Loughlins of Tyrone, and the O'Muldorys, O'Canannans, and O'Don- nells of Tirconnell. ' Maelodhar Maclia^ king of Oirghiall. According to the Annals of the Four Masters, Maelodhar Macha was king of all Oirgliiall, and died in the year 636, but the more acciirate Annals of Ulster and of Tighernach make him only chief of the territory of Orior — ■" Rex Orientaliuni" — and place his death, the former in 640, and the latter in 639. " Red-feathered hen This is an extra- ordinary miracle, and the first striking- result of Bishop Erc's malediction. It would have puzzled even Colgan to recon- cile it with the theology of the seventeenth century. The king had intended to oifer no insult to Congal, but the curse of St. céin. Oc conncat»a]i UlaiD pin, rií]i rinaO leo ymxye no lorijaD ocup in DÍmiaD fin po iniDig po]i o pig .1. pop Gonial Claen. Ro epij Din gilla ^paoa do inuinnciji Conjail .1. ^nip ^ario, inac Soimsam, ociip apbepc: m pu pén maic t)Uic a nocc, a Conjail, ol pé, az mo|ia na li-ctinpi t>o paoac pope a C15 in pig anocc .1. rriaeloDap lilado, pig Oipgiall, t)0 cup i]" in inaD po pa Dii Duic-pui, ocup U5 géoiD pop méip cqijaiD i pmDnaipi cec pig ip m rij ace nipa ir aenop, ocup uj cipce pop nieip cpant>a 1 c' piat)nai]«i-piu. Ni rapD Conjal t)ia aipe cumaD t>imiao Do cec ni po jebaD a rig a aiDe raipipi pe]'in. ^up po eipij an gilla laip an airepc j-ceDna Do piDipi .1. 5aip ^o'ti. «tup opfcepn in ceDna ppi Congctl, nc DIXIT. In ciiiD pin cainpe a nocr, cen iic(bap, cen iinopnocr, 115 cipce o'ti pi5 nnppoc cap, ip ug géoiD DO niaelÓDap. Noca n-pirep mipi piom, ciimaD uapctl pig Oipjiall, no CO paca in TllaeloDap, c( ng oil 'get piaDujaD. Da iTi-beif aj oen pig cen cdl, Cenel Cmiaill ip Go^om, ip Oijijialla ppi jnnn n-ga, niji Dulcet DO ct c' inaD-]'a. In Ere produced a eonfusion at tlie banquet, eurse, it is to be likened to a wedge with and caused a miracle to be wrouglit which which a woodman is cleaving a piece of offered an indignity to Congal, directly wood: if it has room to ffo, it will ffo, contrary to what the king had intended, and cleave the wood ; but if it has not, it According to the present notions among wiU fly out and strike the woodman hmi- the native Irish about the nature of a self who is driving it, between the eyes. tonians had perceived this, they did not tliink it lionourable to sit or eat after their king, Congal Clacn, liatl met such an indignity. After this, a servant of trust of Congal's people, Gair Gann Mac Stuagain" by name, rose and said : " It is not an omen of good hick to thee this nisrht, O Conmil, tliat tliese e;reat insults have been oifered thee in the house of the king; namely, that Maelodhar iVIacha, king of Oir- ghiall, should be seated in the place due to thee, and that a goose egg is placed on a silver dish before every king in the house except thee alone, before whom a hen egg is placed on a wooden dish." But Congal did not consider that any thing which he received in the house of his own good foster-father could be an indignity to him, until the same servant rose again and repeated the same suggestion to liim, lit dixit: " That meal thou hast taken to-night Is Avithout pride, without honoiu- ; A hen egg from the king who loves thee not. And a goose egg to Maelodliar. I never had known The noble position of the Idng of Oii'ghiall, Until I beheld Maelodhar, Being honoured at the banqueting house. Should one king possess, without dispute. The race of Conall and Eoghan, And the Oirghialla" with deeds of spears, He would not occupy thy place. This In the case under consideration St. Erc's not recorded in the Irish Annals, nor curse was, — as the writer of the story mentioned in any of the genealogical ta- wishes us to believe, — deserved, and, there- bles relating to the Clanna Rudliraighe, so fore, it operated as the saint had intended, that we cannot determine whether he is a ^ Gair Gann Mac Stuagain The name real or fictitious character. of this servant or minister of Congal is "" Oirghialla The territories of tl le 32 In cuio ]'in 50 o-ceilgirc gaill, cucaD oiiir a rij Ooninaill, a]i ^ciiji ^roin, naji lib y\ar\ ouir, met t)á roiinli rii in D|iocli-cuiO. In. c. Po ling napacc ocup ini]ie mennmn a Conga! }-]ii h-ciifepc in óclaig pin, ociip |io ling in piiip oemnacoa .1. 'Cepipone, a cnm- goij'e a cjiitie, Do cuirhniugat) ceca t)]ioch-comaipli oó. Ro epig r)in met peapam, ocii]' po gab a gaipceao paip, uciip po epig a b]iur iiiiIeD ociip a en gaile po poUiniain iia)'a, ocup ni fapar aicne pop capair na pop nerh-capoic m ran pin, aiiiail po pa nual Do ó n-a pean-araip .t. o Conall Cepnac, mac Qmaipgin. Po ling lopuni 1 piaDnaipi in pig, ociip no pakt ciiici Cap Ciabach, pecraipe in jiig, Ociip ni pirep Cap Ciabac ciimaD lie Congal no beir ann, ocup po paid pjiip piiiDe a n-irao oile, ocup po gebaD biaD ocup Dig arhail puctparap each. Oc cuala umoppa Congal an etifepc pin, Do paD beim Do Cliap-Chiabac, co n-Depna DÍ leir De 1 piaDnaipi caicli. Ocup ba Ivuarhan let cec n-oen ip m rig, ocup lap in pig pepin Congal ctnn pin, o po ctipigper pepg petip. Ocup ctpbepr Congal, na]i bar uetninac, a pig, etp cm ar mopa net h-uilc Do ponaip ppim, ni li-uetTTiun Duir mipi co leic; ocup arbepjei o nopa pietD each Kinel Connell and Kind Owen had been gliialla, or descendants of the three Collas, wrested from the ancient Ultonians, or who destroyed tlie Ultonian Palace of Clanna Eudliraighe, in the fifth century. Emania in the year 332, had possession of His servant here tells Congal, nominal the district comprising the present coun- king of Ulster, tliat if he had full posses- ties of Louth, Armagh, Monaghan, and sion of all the province of his ancestors, Fermanagh ; and the races of Conall and king Domhnall would take care to have Eoghan, the sons of the monarch Niall, him seated in his legitimate place at the had possession of the remaining part of banquet. Congal's territory did not ex- the province, that is, the counties of Ty- tend beyond the limits of the present rone, Derry, and Donegal, counties of Down and Antrim. The Oir- " Tesiphone From this it would ap- 33 This meal may foreigners reject Given thee in the house of Domhnall, Saith Gair Gann, may it not be safe to thee, If tliou partake of the evil meal." Fury and madness of mind were excited in Congal by the exhor- tation of this youth, and tlie demon fury, Tesiphone", entered the cavity of his heart to suggest every evil counsel to him. He then stood up, assinned his bravery, his heroic fmy rose, and his bird of valour'' flut- tered over him, and he distinguished not friend from foe at that time, as was natiu-al for him as a descendant of his ancestor Conall Ceai'- nach^, the son of Amergin. He afterwards rushed into tlie presence of the king, but Cas Ciabhach", the king's Eechtaire, came up to him, not knowing it was Congal who was there, and told him to sit in another place, and that he would get food and drink as well as the rest. But when Congal heard this, he dealt Cas Ciabhach a blow, and divided him in two parts in the presence of all. Then every one in the house, even the king himself, was in ckead of Congal, when they perceived anger upon him. But Congal said, " Be not afraid, king, for although the injuries thou hast done me are great, thou needest not dread me now ; and I will now state before all the injiu'ies thou hast done to me. The king who preceded thee over pear that the writer of this story liad some in note C, at the end of the volume, acquaintance with the classical writers. * Cas Ciabhach signifies of (he curled '' Bird of valour To what does this hair. No mention is made of him in the allude? Irish Annals or pedigrees, and it is pro- ^ Conall Cearnach. — He was one of the bable that he is a fictitious character, heroes of the Eed Branch, and is the an- Rechtaire generally signifies, in the an- cestor of O'More, O'Lawler, and the seven cient Irish language, a lawgiver, a steward tribes of Leix, in the Queen's County, and or chief manager of the affairs of a prince many other families in various parts of Ire- or king, but in the modern Irish it is used land. Congal's descent from him is given to denote a rich farmer. lEISH ARCH. SOC. 6. F 34 cíich na li-iilcu Do jioiiai]^ pjnm. Ip é ba jiij poji Gpinn pemuc-pa Suibiie íTleTin, mac pmcna, mic peapaDctij, mic ÍTluipeDaig, mic Gojain, ínic Neill Nai-giallaij. Nip bo piapac nipa oo'n pij pin lapum, ocup oo DecaDaip Do Denum copu ppi li-Ullni, ociip Do paDaD mipi pop alrpom Dmr oni' arcnp ocu)' oni' cenel ap cena ; ociip Do paDctD iTinai Dom' cenel pepin lini Dom' aileamain agiir-j^a, ocup o Do piaccaipiu Do reac po cinpip in innai n-Ulraij Dia rip peip, ocup po cuipip ben Doc' ccnel pej^in Dom' alcpam-pa i lub- gopc in lip 1 pnbaDaip baDéin. Oo palct lóa n-ono mipi um oenap i)Mn liib^opc cen neac aguin conneD, ocu]' po epjioa]! beachu beca iri lubjuipc la ceap na jpene, co capD beocli Dib a neim pop mo ler-popc-pa, gupa claen mo j^uil. Conjal Claen mo ainm ap pin. r?om aileaD lar-]ni lap pin jnpa li-inDapba riipa o pij Gpenn, o Suibiie TTlenD, mac piacna, mic PepaDaig, ociip Do Deacaóaip CO pig n-Qlban, ocu]- mi]^i lar pop]^ in inDapba pin; ocii)^ po piiapaip jjiaDujaD mop aici, ociip do ponpabaip coDac .1. ciipa ociip pij Glban, ocup po rappngaip Duic nác cicpoD a c'a^iaij cen bep muip im Gpinn. OoDecaDaip lapiim 00 cum n-Gperm ocup Do Deacupa lac (uaip baDup pop inDapha malle ppic). l?o jabpum pope a Upáij PuDpaige, ocu]" po jnipium comaipli ppi li-afaiD m-bic ctnn. Ocu]^ ^ Suib/iite. — Suibhne, surnamed Jlt'iin, Lcdwich asserts that these forts were built was monarch of Ireland from the year 615 by the Ostmen or Danes, but the remains to 628, when he was slain at Traigli Brena of them still to be seen at Tara, Taillteann, by Congal Claen, as stated in this story. Emania, Aileach, Eatli-Croghan, Aillinii, ' Nine Hostages This pedigree of Dinn-Righ, Knockgraftbn, and other well Suibhne agrees with that given by Keating, known palaces of the ancient Irish kings, and all authentic genealogical books. are sufficient to prove that they had been ■* Garden of the fort The Irish kings built by the ancient Irish long before the and chieftains lived at this period in the Danes made any descent upon this island, threat earthen raths or Ikses, the ruins of ' Bees of the garden — Solinus says that which are still so numerous in Ireland, there were no bees in Ireland; and it is 35 over Erin was Suibhne Menu", son of Fiachna, son of Feradhach, son of Muiredlaach, son of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages' ; thou wert not obedient to that king, and thou didst go to make a treaty with the Ultonians, and I was given in fosterage to thee by my father and my own tribe ; a Avoman of my own tribe was sent with me to nm-se me with thee, Ijut when she reached thy house thou didst send the Uhonian woman back to her (3wn country, and thou didst place a woman of thine own tribe to nurse me in the garden of tlie fort" in which thou dwelledst. It liappened on a certain day that I was left alone in the garden Avithout any one to take care of me, and the little bees of the garden' rose up witli the heat of the sun, and one of them put its venom in one of ni}- eyes, so that my eye became awry, from which I have been named Congal Claen^ I Avas nm-sed by thee until thou Avast expelled by the king of Erin, Suibhne Menu, son of Fiacha, son of Feradhach, and then thou didst repair to the king of Alba, taking me along Avith thee in that exile; and thou didst receive great honour ti-om him, and you formed a treaty, thou and the king of Alba, and he protested to thee that he Avould not oppose thee as long as the sea should smTound Erin. Thou ditlst afterAvards return to Erin, and I returned along Avith thee, i'or I A^'as in exile along Avith thee. We put into port at Traigh Rudhraighe^ and here Ave held a short con- sultation. mentioned in the Life of St. Modomnoc ^ Claen cluon or claen, i. e. crooked of Laun Beacliaire, now Killbarriok, in or icri/, and also partial, prejudicetL The Fingal, near the city of Dublin, published word is still used, but usually in the latter by Colgan, in his Acta, SS. 13. Febr., that sense See Note '', p. 37. bees were first introduced into Ireland e. Traiyh Rudhraiglie Traigh Rudh- from Menevia by that saint ; but Lanigan raighe was the ancient name of the strand has proved that there w-ere bees in Ireland at the mouth of the River Erne, near long before the period of St. Modonmoo Bally shannon, in the county of Donegal See his Eecles. Hist. vol. ii. pp. 320, 321. See Leabhar Gabhala of the O'Clerys. F2 36 Ocup ^]^ e po [laiDifiu, cipeat» neac pogebra do raipcélao pop pig Gpenn, cipe can biiD pig cupa pop Gpinn comaD eicecin a Duraig t)o léguo Do'n CÍ no pagao ann. Oo oeacupa oin ann, a pig, ap mo Oucaig Do cctbaipc Dam co h-implan in can buD pig pop 6pinn cupa ; ocup ni po aipipiu]' co h-Qilec Néic, ap ip ann bin Dom- nóp m pig in can pin. Uic in pig popp m paicci, ocup Dal mop ime Do pepaib Gpenn, ocup pe oc imbipr piDcille icip na plogu. Ocup ciagpu ip in Dailcen ceciDugaD Do neac, cjiiap na plogaib, co ccqi- Dup popgum Do'n gai, ^eapp Congail, bui im Ictim a n-ucc in pig, gupa ppecjgciip in coipn cloiche bui ppia Dpuim allct ciop, ocup go poibe cpú a cpiDe pop jiinD in gai, co m-ba ma]ib De. In can icipuni po bui an pig oc blai]'ecc bcti)' Do paD upcup Do'n pip piDciIli bui na laim Dam-pa, gupa bpip in puil claein bui ctm cinD-pa. Qm clcien peine, am caecli lapum. Ro ceicper Din ploig ocup muinn- cip in ]iig, ap ba Dóig leo ruya ocup pip Qlpan Do beif imuiii-pa, o po mapbup in pig, Suibne TTlenD. Oo Deacapa pop do cenn-pa lapum, ocup po gabaip pigi n-Gpenn lap '' Ailech Neid, — now Elagh, near Derry, a MS. of tlie twelfth century, now in the in the county of Donegal. The ruins of collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith the palace of Grianan Ailigh are still to of Dublin, will give one an idea of what be seen on a hill over Lough Swilly. — the Irish writers meant by piDcell or pir- See Ordnance Survey of the Parish of cell. Templemore, County Londonderry. "'What is tliy name?' said Eochaidh. ' C//ess. — p I Dcell certainly means chess, 'It is not illustrious,' replied the other, which was a favourite game among the ' Midir of Brigh Leth.' ' 'V\niy hast thou ancient Irish. pioceU is translated teézí- come hither?' said Eochaidh. ' To play Ifp lusorice by O'Flaherty, in his Ogygia, Fithchell with thee,' replied he. ' Art p. 311 ; and it is described in Cormac's thou good at Fithchell?'' said Eochaidh. Glossary as a quadrangular board with ' Let us have the proof of it,' replied straight spots of black and white. The JMidir. ' The queen,' said Eochaidh, ' is following extract from an ancient Irish asleep, and the house in which the Fiih- story, preserved m LeaJihur na h-Uidlire^ c/^f// is belongs to her.' 'There is here,' sultation. And what thou didst say was, tliat whoever thou shouldst get to betray the king of Erin, thou wouldst be bound to restore his territory to him whenever thou shouldst become king over Erin. I went on tlie enterprise, king, for a promise tliat my patrimony should be Avliolly restored to me, whenever thou shouldst become mo- narch of Erin; and I delayed not until I reached Ailech Neid", whei'e the king held his residence at that time. The king came out upon the green, surrounded by a great concourse of the men of Erin, and he was playing chess' amidst the hosts. And I came into the assembly, passing without the permission of any one through the crowds, and made a thrust of my spear, Gearr Congail', which I held in my liand, at the breast of the king, and the stone which was at his back iv- sponded to the thrust, and his heart's blood was on the head of the javelin, so that he fell dead. But as the king was tasting of death he flung a chess-man which was in his hand at me, so that he broke the crooked eye in my head. I was squint-eyed before, I have been blind-eyed since". The hosts and people of the king then fled, think- ing that thou and the men of Alba were with me, as I had killed Suibhne I\Ienn, the king. "I then i-elurned to thee, and thou didst, after tliis, assume the sovereignty said Midir, ' a no worse FithchelU This j Gearr Congail, — i. e. the short spear was true indeed : it was a board of silver of Congal. Many weapons, utensils, &e., and pure gold, and every compartment on which belonged to distinguished personages the board studded with precious stones ; were called after them : the crozier of St. and a man-bag of woven brass wire. Mi- Barry of Slieve Bawn, in the county of dir then arranges the Fitchell. 'Play,' Roscommon, still preserved, is called Gearr- said Midir; ' I will not, but for a wager,' Barry. said Eochaidh. ' Wliat wager shall we '' Blind-eyed since This accounts for stake?' said Jlidir. ' I care not what,' the double surname given to Congal in said Eochaidh. ' I shall have for thee,' the Annals of the Four Masters, in which said Midir, 'iifty dark-green steeds if thou he is called Congal Caech [bhnd], or Con- win the game.' " gal Claon [squinting]. 38 mp I'ln. ÍTIopb bin in' afaip-pi lap ]^in .1. Scarmal Sciar-leran, ocuy riaji^a cujuc-pa t)oni' pigao, ainail po gellaiy^ ppim. Ni po com- aiUip a ni pin ace maó bee, DÓ15 po benaip Oi'in Cenel Conaill ocup Gogain, ocup noi n-cpioca ceo OipgiaU .1. pea]ionD iTlaeliii- Dip TTlaca, pil pop t)o gualamD-piu, ocup do paoaip li-é a n-mao pig pomum-pa a nocc ac cij pépin, a pij, ol pe. Ociip 00 paoao ug jeom pop meip aipjoigi ina pictonaipi, ocup 115 cipce pop niéij' cpanoa oam-pa. Ocup 00 biuppa car Duir-pin ino, ocup Do pepaib Gpenn, map orár nnuc a nocc, cqi Conjal. Ocup po nnng uaiDib cnnac lapunn, ocup po lenpctr UlaiD li-e. Qpbepc Domnall ppi naenui Gpenn baDrqi ip in n^ : leanaiD Gonial, ol pe, ocup nceab lib, co rapDajipa a peip pein 00. Uia- ^aic na naeim ina mam ocup po jellpac a eapcctine mine ciceoD leo, ocup a cUnc ocup a m-bacia Do bem paip. Oo biuppa pam jaipceD, cip Conjal, nac ]iia cleipec uaib ina berhaiD reac in pij, Dia n-epcainrea ini]'! na Ullrcic eli poji bir lib. l?o gab Din omun na naenn, co n-DeacaiD Conjal 1 cein uoiDib, ocu)^ po epcatnper li-e ap a h-airle. Ocnp po epcainpec Din in ri Suibne, mac Colmain Cliuaip, mic Cobraij, pig Oal n-QpaiDe, ap ip e puc uaiDib 50 h-airhoeonac in c-inctp ilDctrac do paD Oomnall 1 lann [panccup] Ronain ^ Died soon after. — Scannall of the Suibhne Menn, at the instigation of king Broad Shield, king ofUlidia, is mentioned Domhnall, he got a promise of being made in the authentic annals as the father of prince of all Ulster, a title which his Congal, but the year of his death is not ancestors had enjoyed for many centuries, mentioned. See his pedigree, and the number of his "^ Oirghiall — The princes of the Clanna ancestors who had been kings of Ulster, Rudhraighe race had not been kings of in Note C, at the end of the volume, all Ulster since the year 332 or 333, when " See note ', p. 29. they were conquered by tlie three Collas, ° Bells and croziers. — The ancient Irish as already noticed. It is probable, how- saints were accustomed to curse the offend- ever, that when Congal undertook to kill ing chieftains while sounding their bells 39 sovereignty of Erin. My fatlier, Scannall of the Broad Shield, died soon after', and I came to thee to be made king [of Ulster], as thou hadst promised me. Thou didst not perform thy promise except to a small extent, for thou didst deprive me of Cinel Conaill and Cinel Eoghain, and also of the nine cantreds of Oii'ghiair, the land of Maelodhar Macha", who now sits at thy shoulder, and whom thou hast seated in the place of a king, in preference to me, this niglit, in thine own house, O Idng," said he. " And a goose egg was placed be- fore him on a silver dish, while a hen egg was placed on a wooden dish before me. And I will give battle to thee and the men of Eiin in consequence, as thon hast them assembled arouiul thee to-night," said Congal. And he then went out of the house, and the Ultonians followed him. Domhnall said to the saints of Erin who were in the house, " Follow Congal," said he, " and bring him back, that his own aAvard may be given him by me." The saints went after him and threatened to curse him with their bells and croziers", unless he would retm-n with them. "I swear by my valom'," said Congal, "that not one cleric'' of you shall reach the king's house ahve, if I, or any Ultonian, be cursed l>y you." Terror then seized the saints, Avhereupon Congal went far away from them, and they cm'sed him afterwards. And they also ciu'sed Suibhne'', the son of Colman Guar, son of Cobhthach, king of Dal Araidhe', for it was he that had carried away from them by force tlie many-coloui'ed tunic which [king] Domhnall had given into the hand of with the tops of their croziers. king of Dal Araidhe, is not mentioned in P Cleric. — The word cléipec, a cleric or the Irish Annals, though he seems to be clerk, which is derived from the Latin word a historical character. clericus, is used throughout this story to ■■ Dal Araidhe, a celebrated territory in denote a priest. Ulster, comprising the entire of the pre- "" Suibhne, the son of Colman Guar, sent county of Down and that part of 40 r?oriain Pino, mic bejiaij, Dm fabaipr Do Congal ; ociip ó pó pémig Congal in c-ina|i pin, Do bepc Suibne á laim in cle|ii5 Dio ainoeoin map in pig. ConiD Do'n epcaine pin Doponpac pop Congal po paióeD punn: Congal Claen in jáip nicpiimap nip paem, cerpap ctji picir, ni bpeg, iinpiDe ceD leip cec nctem. In mac poD, pop a ruc]'ani m jaip clog nocap Dulca Do 'p in car, ciD peme Do beic par bog. TTlop in po, gémaD iiain, gemaD lia, in pep, gá m-bí cecra pig, ip leip CO pip cnngnap Oia. TTlop in col, coniann ppi pig Daipe Dpol, pepann Do rabaipc 'n a laim, ip e in cnam a ni-bel na con. Qpbepc Oomnall ia]i pin ppi pileDu 6penn coiDecc i n-DiaiD Congail Dia papcuD. Uiagaic cpa na piliD ina DiaiD : ar ci Congal na piliDu ciiici, ocup cipbepr, po cailleD eineac UlaD co bpár, ol pe, uaip ni rapDpam innmup Do no pileDaib ip in rig n-oil, ocup a cóc ag cocc anopa Diap n-gpipaD in ap n-Diai6. Uicir na piliD CO h-aipiTi a m-bui Congal, ocup pepaiD piuni pailci ppiu, ocup Antrim lying south of the mountain Sliabh abbot of Druim Ineasclainn, in the territory Mis, now Slemmish. of Conaille Muirtheimhne, now Anglicised * St. Ronan Finn, the son of Berach, was Drumiskin, in the county of Louth, not 41 of St. Ronan Finn', the son of Beracli, to be presented to Congal; but as Congal had refused to accept of the king's tunic, Suibhne took it from the cleric's hand in despite of him. It was on this curse, which they pronounced on Congal, that the following lines were composed: Congal Claen Heeded not the ciu'se we gave, Four and twenty saints we were — no falsehood, Each samt having the intercessory influence of a hundred. The daring son, Against whom we raised the voice of bells. Should not to the battle go. Though soft prosperity were before him. Great the happiness. That, whether few or many he his hosts. The man who has the regal right Hhn truly God will aid. Great the profaneness. To contend with the king of noble Daú'é ; To give land into his [Congal's] hand Is to give a bone into the dog's mouth. After this Domhnall desired the poets of Erin to go after Congal to stop him. The poets set out after Congal: Congal perceived the poets coming towards him, and exclaimed, " The munificent character of Ulster is tarnished for ever, for we gave the poets no presents at the banqueting house', and they are following us to upbraid us." The poets came on to where Congal was, and he bade them welcome, and gave Drumshallon, as Lanigan thinks. He died ^ Bavqveting house A king always in the year 66^ See Colgan, Acta SS. considered it his duty to give presents to p. 141, and Lanigan, vol. iii. p. 52. poets at public banquets and assemblies. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. G 42 oci)]^ DO bejic maine mopa Doib, ocuy^ inoipic a yceki Do. Qrbepc fum na jebac coma poji bir ó' n [iig ace cat i n-Dijail a DixniaDa ocup a ea)'onopa; ocuy^ jio eiriiig Dol leo. pajbup na piliD ap a h-aicle, ocup nomnaip celeabpab Doib, ocup ceiD pnirhe ip in cuijeD •^o painij 50 ceac Ceallaij, mic piacna pinn .1. bparaip arap Congail, ocu)' innijMD a pcela Do o rup co DeipeaD. 6a peanoip cian- ooj'Da an ri Celiac; ocup ni cluineaD ace maD hec, ocu]> ni ceim- nigeD pop a copaib, ocup C0I5 cpeDuina 1111 a lecipaiD, ocup peipiuni innci DO 5pep. 6a laec ampcj h-e 1 cupac a aipi. Cein bui Congal oc innipi peel do, po nocc puin a cloiDem po bui lc(ip pa coim cen pip DO neoc jop cpicnuig Congcil a corhpaD, ocup apbepc, Do biuppa bpérip, Dia n-gabra coma pop bich o'n pig ace carh, nác péDpaoíp UlaiD h' eaDpain po]im-pa, co clanDainD m cloiDem pa epic cpiDe ]'ecraip; uaip ni bep d' Ullcaib coma do jabail ppi poinD caca no CO n-Diglaic a n-anpolra. Ocup a các pecc mctcu main ocum-]'a ocuppajaic lar ipin car, ocup Diet caempainD-pi péin Dula ann, no pagainD, ocup ni moiDpcD pop Ullcaib cen no beino-pi mi beacaiD. Ocup acbepr ann : Q mic, na jeb-pi cen car, ciD píD lappup pi5 Uempac; maD pomuc paib, pepp Do jnim, maD popr, Do paec Do comlin. Nu geib peoDu na maine, ace maD cinDu Deg-Dame, CO na euca pig ele, cap ap clanDaib T?uDpni5e. Lu^a " Cellac/i, the son of Fiaclina See Note bed, by P. Connell, in liis MS. Dictionary. C, at the end of the volume, where the " The race of Budhraighe, the ancient pedigree of Congal is given. Ultonians, of whom a long line of kings " Tolg C0I5 is explained leabaio, had dwelt at Emania, were at this period 43 gave tliem great presents, and they told him their embassy. He rephed, that he woukl receive no condition from the king but a battk', in which to take revenge for the indignity and dishonour offered him ; and he refused to return with them. He then k'ft the poets, and bade them farewell, and proceeded on his way through the province until he arrived at tlie house of Cellach, the son of Fiachna", his own father's brotlier, to whom he related the news from begin- ning to end. Cellach was an extremely aged senior ; he heard but a little ; he did not walk on his feet, but had a brazen tolg" as his bed, in which he always remained; but he had been a renowned hero in the early part of his life. While Congal was telhng him the news, he exposed his sword, which he held concealed under his garment unkno\vn to all until Congal had finished his discoiu'se, and said, " I pledge thee my word, that shouldest thou receive any consi- derations frt)m the king but a battle, all the Ultonians coidd not save thee from me, because I would thrust this sword through th}' heart ; for it is not the custom of the Ultonians to accept of considerations in place of battle until they take revenge for insults. I have seven good sons, and they shall go with thee into the battle, and if I were able myself I would go also, and the Ultonians should not be defeated Avhile I had life. And lie said on the occasion: " My son, be not content without a battle. Though Tara's king should sue for peace ; If thou conquer, the better thy deed, If thou be defeated, thou shalt slay an equal number. Accept not of jewels or goods. Except the heads of good men, So that no other king may offer Insult to the race of Rudlu-aighe". Less scattered over various parts of Ireland, as part of them wlio remained in their ori e i]^ pig pop Qlbain; ap ip ingen Do Do maraip, ocuj^ ingen pig 6pecan, .1. GocliaiD Qingcep, ben pig Qlban, Do pen-maraip, .1. maraip Do marap; ocup cabaip lac pipu Qlban ociip 6pecan ap in n-gael )^in Do cum n-Gpenn Do rabaipc cara Do'n pig. 5a present counties of Down and Antrim, garded as poetic fiction. Lough Neagli and the Lower Bann sepa- ' Eockaidh Buidhe, king of Scotland rated them from the Kinel-Owen, and the This king is mentioned by Adamnan in the celebrated trench called the Danes' Cast, ninth chapter of the first book of his Life formed the boundary between them and of Coluniba, where he calls him " Eoch- the Oirghialla. odius Buidhe." His death is set down in " Kitig of France — There is no autho- the Annals of Ulster, at the year 628. rity for this to be found in the authentic " Mors Echdach Buidhe Regis Pictorum, Irish Annals, and it must therefore be re- Jilii Aedain. Sic in Libro Cuanac inveni." 45 Less cause had Scannal of the Shields, \Yhen he and Cuan of Chach fought a battle, When he fixed Cuan's head upon a wall, Because he had said that Scannal had withered. Send for my seven sons, As I myself cannot go with thee ; Were they a greater number They should join thy anny. In every great battle which thy father ever fought Throughout Erin, east and west, I was at his right hand, O son of my loyal brother ! And in that great battle thy father fought in the east, (In which he slaughtered the Franks,) Against the very splendid king of France" ; Understand that this was no boyish play, my son! My son," &c. The old man also said, " Go to Alba," said he, " to thy grand- father Eocliaidh Buidhe'', the son of Aedhan, son of Gabhran, who is king of Alba ; thy mother is his daughter, and thy grandmother, that is, thy motlier's mother, the wife of the king of Alba, is the daughter of the king of Britain, that is, of Eochaidh Aingces'' ; and through this relationship bring with thee the men of Allja and Britain to Erin, to give battle to the king." Congal If this date be correct, ■which it most writer of tlie story, not knowing who was likely is, this is another anachronism by king of Britain, i. e. of Wales, at this pe- the writer of the story. riod, was under the necessity of coining a " Eochaidh Aingces, king of Britain. — name to answer his purpose ; unless we No such king is to be found in the histo- suppose our extant sources of Welsh his- ries of Britain ; and he must therefore be tory to be defective, regarded as a fictitious personage. The 46 5a bumec lapum in n Gonial t)o'n corhaijile |'in; ocup réir i Ti-Ctlpain ceO laec a li'n, ocup ni ]io aijup pop muip na rip co pmcr CO Diin monaiD, air o ni-bui pij Qlbnn, .1. Gocliait» bume, ocup mairi Qlbrtn in oen oail ime atiD. Oo pala Oin 00 Conjal alla- 1111115 Do'n Dail, éicep ocup pilit» in pig .1. Ouboiao Opai a ainin- piDe ; ba pipij ocup ba t)pai ampa in n DuboiaO; ocup po pep pailci ppi Con5;aI, ocup po mppacc pcela t>ó, ocup po innipCongal a pcela. ConiD ann apbepc DuboiaD, ocup ppejpap Gonial lie: Ip 1110 cen in lomjiup leip, DO connapc a li-erepcéin; can bap cenel, clu cen ail, ca np ap a uancabai]i? Uancamap a li-Gpinri am, á oclaij uallaij, ininaip, ip 00 roncamu]! lUe d' acallaim Gachacli bume ma * Dim Manaidh A place in Scotland, scription of the Imhasfor Osna, as given in where the kings of the Dalriedio or Iberno- Cormac's Glossary, will show that it was a Scotic race resided. It is now called Dun- huml:ing not unlike the Magnetic sleep of staffnage, and is situated in Lome See modern dreamers. '■' Imbas/or Osna — The Gough's Camden, vol. iv. p. 1 29. poet discovers through it wliatever he likes ^ Druid. In the times of Paganism in or desires to reveal. This is the way it is Ireland every poet was supposed to possess done: the poet chews a piece of the flesh of the gift of prophecy, or rather to possess a red pig, or of a dog or cat, and he brings it a spirit capable of being rendered prophe- afterwards on a flag behind the door, and tic by a certain process. Whenever he was chants an incantation upon it, and offers it desired to deliver a prophecy regarding to idol gods ; and his idol gods are brought future events, or to ascertain the truth of to him, but he flnds them not on the morrow, past events, he threw himself into a rhap- And he pronounces incantations on his sodj called Inibas/'or Osna, or TeinmLoet///- two palms; and his idol gods are also d/ia, during which the true images of these brought to him, in order that his sleep events were believed to have been por- may not be interrupted ; and he lays his trayed before his mind. The following de- two palms on his two cheeks, and thus 47 Congal was thankful ; he set out for Alba with one hundred he- roes, and made no delay upon sea or land, till he arrived at Dun ]Monaidli% where Eochaidh Buidhe, king of Alba, was with the nobles of Alba assembled around liim. Congal met, outside the assembly, the king's sage and poet, DubhdiadJi, the Drmd, by name, who was a seer and distinguished Druid*" ; he bade Congal welcome, and asked news of him, and Congal related all the news to him. And Dubh- diadh said, and Congal rephed: Dubhdiadh. — "My affection is the bright fleet Wliich I have espied at a great distance ; Declare yoiu- race of stainless fame, And what the comitry whence ye came." Congal. — " We have come from noble Erin, O proud and noble youth. And we have come hither To address Eochaidh Buidlie." Duhhdiadh. falls asleep ; and he is watched in order for the latter requires no offering to Je- that no one may disturb or interrupt nions." him, until every thing about which he is These practices, about which so little engaged is revealed to him, which may be has been said by Irish antiquaries, must a minute, or two, or three, or as long as look extraordinary to the philosophic in- the ceremony requires : et idea Imbas did- habitants of the British Isles in tlie nine- tnr, i. e. di buis ime, i. e. his two palms teenth century. But it is highly probable upon him, i. o. one palm over and the other that some of the more visionary Germans across on his cheeks. St. Patrick abolished will think them quite consonant with the this, and the Teinm Loegkdha, and he de- nature of the liuman soul ; for in the year clared that whoever should practise them 1835, a book was published at Leipsic, would enjoy neither heaven nor earth, be- by A. Steinbeck, entitled " Every Poet cause it was renouncing baptism. Diche- a Prophet; a Treatise on the Essential dul do chenduibh is what he left as a sub- Connection between the Poetic Spirit stitute for it in the Corns Cerda [the Law and the Property of Magnetic Lucid Vi- of Poetry], and this is a proper substitute, sion." 48 TTla pea6 cancabaiji ille, d' acallaim Gachach buibe, aji roioecc Dib ucqi cec lep, a DepiTTi pib \y nio cen. Ip nió c. Do caeD CoTijal ip in t)áil a poibe pig Qlpan lap ]^in, ocup pepaiD in pig ocup pipu Qlpan pailci ppip, ocup po innip a ]'cela Doib o rluip CO 0615. Q]^be]ir pij Qlpan ppi Congal, ni oam cuim- geac-pa pop nul leu in aoctig pig 6penn 1 ceano cara, ap in can po h-inDapbra eipiuni a h-Gpinn puaip anoip aguni-pa ocup t)o ponpum cópu ann pin, ocup po rappngaipiupa Do, ocu)^ t)o pcioup bpeirhip ppip na pagaino 1 ceanD cafa ina agaiD co bpar. Qp cti j^in cpa, ni ba liiT^ami do pocpctiDi-pui cen mipi Do Dul lec(r, ol ]^e, uaip ctcaD cerpcip mac ocuni-)'a .1. QeD in eppiD uaine, ocup Suibne, ocup Congal TTleanD, ocup Oomnall bpeac, a j'lnnpep, .1. bpairpe mcjrap Diiir-pui. Ip acu-pin ctccjc ompaij ocup ctnpaiD Qlpan, ocup pag- Daic lac-pu DO cum n-6penn Do rabaipc cara Do Oomnall. Ocup eip5piu pein Dia n-ojallaim aipm a pileD ocup maifi Qlpan impu. Ueir lapum Gonial 50 maijin a m-bacup, ocup pepaic pailci ppif; ocup po innip Doib airepc in pij, ocup ba maic leo. Qpbepr QeD in eppiD uaine pópap na mac, maD oil Duic-piu, a Conjail, beic im rij-pi anochc pop pleiD, riajpa lac Do cum n-Gpenn, ocup m cerpctmaD pann d' Qlbain imum, ocup minub am cliij biapu a nocc, ni ceip lac Do cum in cacct. Qcbepc Conjal ITlenD, mac Gachach buiDe, ni pa pip ['on, a QeD, ol pe, ace ip im cig-pea biap jiij UlaD anocc, Daij Dia n-Deacappa laip cic- pápu lim, op ip ocum-pa acai. 6a li-e pin, Din, pc'iD Suibne ocup Oomnctill "= Doynhtiall Brec This Domhnall Brec, by his cotemporary Adamnan in the fifth who was king of Scotland when the Battle chapter of the third book of his Life of of Magh-Rath was fought, is mentioned Columba See TriasThaum, p. 365, col. i. 49 Dublidiadli . — " If ye have come hither To confer with Eochaidh Biiidhe, After your arrival over the sea, I say unto you accept my affection." After this, Congal went into the assembly in which the king of Alba was; and the king and tlie men of Alba bade him welcome, and he told them his story from beginning to end. The king of Alba said to Congal, " It is not in my power to go with thee to fight a battle ao-ainst the kin" of Erin, because when he was banished from Erin he received honour from me ; and we made a covenant, and I pro- mised him, and pledged my word, that I woidd never go to oppose him in battle. However, thy forces will not be the less numerous because I go not along Avith thee," said he, " for I liave four sons, viz., Aedh of the Green Dress, Suibhne, Congal Menu, and Domhnall Brec^ the eldest, thy maternal uncles ; it is they who have the com- mand of the soldiers and heroes'' of Alba, and they shall go with thee to Erin to give battle to Domhnall. And go tliyself to confer Avith them Avhere they are at present surrounded by the men of Alba." Congal then went to where they were, and they bade him welcome ; and he told them the king's suggestion, and they liked it. Aedh of the Green Dress, the youngest of the sons, said, " If tliou shouldest wish, Congal, to stop this night at a banquet in my house, I will go with thee to Erin Avith the fourth part of the forces of Alba ; and if thou Avilt not stop at my house to-night, I Avill not go Avith thee to the battle." Congal Menu, the son of Eochaidh Buidhe, said, " This Avill not be the case, O Aedh, but the king of Ulster shall stop this night at my house, for if I go with him thou shalt accom- pany me, because thou art under my c(.)ntrol." And the sajdngs of Suibhne ^ Heroes QnpaD is explained laoc, a the Leabhar Breac, fol. 40, b; and chain- hero, by O'Clery; jépac, a ckanipion, in pion, hero, by Peter Connell. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. H 5° Domnatll 6iiicc. Qi'bepc, Din, Domnall 5]ieac, mot) iin rig-j'ca heap [iig Ulao anocr, t>ia n-t)ecaji laif ricpainp o r]iiu]i lmi-]^a, ó]i 1)' nie bail pinnjep, ocnp ^y me Do paD puipb Daib-pi. ba bpó- nac cpa an ci Congal d' impeapan cloinDe in pig ime pein; ociip reic peacnón no DÓla, ocup Do ]iala DubDioD Opai Do, ociipinnipiD Congal airepc cloinDi in pig Do. Qj^bepr DubDiaD nnp bac bpo- nach-pu ap ái pin a Cliongail, ol pe, áp ip mipi icpop Do Dobpón : Gip5 ano)'a Dia paijiD, ol pe, ocup abaip ppiu, cipe uaiDib po geboD in cni]ie plara pil a rij in pig Dor biafoD a nocc, comaD lap m ri po gebac in caipe no pagra, ocup in ri na piiigbeaD in caipe cen a DiniDa Do beir popr-pu, cuir-]''i coLeic. Uic p Do j'aijio a pi|i, ocuf innipo airhey^c in pig tto. Qcbepc Conjal TTleno, mac Gachach 5uit)i, ppi a peing pepin Diil poji lappaiji in coipe. Ueic lap'iTTi ociip pipit) in caipe r>o biarao pig UlaD. Qcbepc m pi^, cia mair pil popr cheile pni ó t)o bepra in coipe Do rap in mac Oia po pipeD li-é jup rpapra? Qrbepr pi nip pil mac pig ip pejip oloap Congal. CinniD pop cac comlann, ociip po jnioo a apmii Dilep Don anDilep in ran bepap a cip aniinl lac ; Uc Dixie muliep: Gonial ITlenD, nip paca mac pig buD pepp, map cpomaiD each ip in cleir, ap pcdc a pceir, caegaD ceanD. In iiaip bepap aipm Congail a cip anu'il, par n-éiDig, DO nirep rip Dile]' Di, Do'n rip aniuil a]i eicin. In uaip pillep ben Congail ap oglac n-alainD n-oll-bloD, ni anann 05a rojaipm, in pep Dan comainm Gonial! Gonjol. m. r?o ép an pig imon g-coipe an bean, ociip ng piDe amach ociip inDipiD d'ó céile a n-nebaipc in pi ppia. Qrbepc Oomnall 6peac ppi a mnai Dol D'lappaiD in coipe gup m pig. Uainic piDe co h-aipm a m-bni in pig, ocup pipiD in coipe. Ro iappc(cr pin Di cm niaic pil pope ceili piu peac na macu ele Dia po cuinDgeD in coipe? Ppipgaipc pi, ni cuille buibe ppi nócli pig in n Oomnall 6peacc; gémoD ^ Unlawful prnpeiii/, — i. e. he conquers law of tie sword, which could not other- territories, and makes that his own, by the wise have become his own. 55 The king said, " I will not give thee the cauldron as yet." She then returned to lier husband, and told him what the king had said. Congal Menu, the son of Eochaidh Buidhe, told his wife to go and ask the cauldron. She went accordingly, and asked the cauldron to prepare food for the king of Ulster. The king said, " What good- ness is in thy husband that he should obtain the cauldi'on in pre- ference to the son for whom it was just now sought?" She replied, " There is no king's son better than Congal. He obtains the victory in every battle, and his arms, when they are l^rought into a foreign country, make lawfid what was unlawfid property" ;" ut dixit mulier : " Than Cono;al Menn I have not seen a better king's son, As all stoop in the Ijattle Under the shelter of his shield, even a hundred heads. When the arms of Congal are brought To a foreign country, — cause of jealousy, — A lawful country is made of it. Of the foreign country by force. When the wife of Coniial glances At a beauteous youth of renown. The man whose name is Congal Cares not to accuse her' ! Than Congal," &c. The king refused to give her the cauldron, and she came away and related all the king had told her. Domhnall Brec told his wife to go and ask the cauldron from the king, and she went to where the king was, and asked the cauldron. He asked her, " What good is in thy husband beyond the other sons for whom the cauldron was asked?" She replied, " Domhnall Brec has not earned thanks from any 'By these words the wife of Congal son Congal was not of a jealous disposition, wishes king Eochaidli to understand that his — a very strange qualification of a chieftain. 56 géniao op Slmb TTloiiaiD nop pojctilpen ppi h-oen uaip ; iii po jab aipm mac pig ip Dectch oloap Oomnall bpec. Uc Dixie muliep: Doninall bpec, Oomnall mac Gchacli buióe, pe ]U5, t)' peabiip a rhenma, ni Depna ruilliiim bume. Ip pip caca n-abpaim-pi, poclaiDic piliD piiinir), Da mao óp Sliab mop TTlonait), pop pojail, ip nip puipij. Ip pip cac a n-abpaim-pi, a ]ii5, repc m Da comlanD, nac ap gab Qlbain cen peall, pij buD pepp ina Oomnnll. D. h. Uic in mnai pin co li-aipm i m-! m a ceile, ocup mnipiD aicepc in pij, ociip a li-épa iininon j-coipe. Qcbepu Suibne ppi a miiai pepm, eip5, ol pe, ociip cuinDig in coipe. Uic ]^i ia]uim ociip cuinogip in coipe. T?© piappaij in pij, cia buaio pil pope ceili-piii, a injen, ol pe, rap no macu ele, o canjuip d' lappaio in coipe. Ppipgaipc pi Do, biD cerpap im lepaiD in oen pip, ocup in r-oen-pep im cuiOig in cerpaip a cig Suibne, ocup in lin bire ina peapam ann ni callac 'na puiDiu ociip in lin rallar 'na piiioiii ni callac 'na I151U ; cet> copnn ocup ceD eapcpa n-aipgir ppi Oail leanna ann Do 5pep; Uc Dixie muliep: Ueacli Suibne, Suibne mic Gachach buiDe a colli inD ina peapam, ni coillic ina puiDe. a » Sliabk Monaidh ivas tlie ancient name far from the palace of Dun Monaidh — See of a mountain in Lome, in Scotland, not Note ^ p. 46. S7 any king; were Sliabli Moiiaidlr of gold he would distribute it in one lioiur; no king ever ruled Alba better than Domhnall Brec:" ut dixit miUier: " Domhnall Brec, Domhnall, son of Eochaidh Buidhe, From any king, through the goodness of his mind, He has earned no thanks. All that I say is true, O king ! The poets of the west proclaim it, If the great Slial)h INIonaidh were gold He woidd distribute it ; he would not hoard it. All that I say is true, O king, just in thy battle. Alba has not l)een legitimately obtained B}^ a better king than Domhnall. Domhnall Bi-ec," &c. The king refused, and the woman came to where her husband was, and told what the king had said, and how she was refused the cauldron. Suibhne told his wife to go and ask the cauldi'on. She then went, and asked the cauldron. The king asked, " "What qua- lification does thy husband possess, O daughter, beyond the other sons, that thou shouldst come to ask the cauldron?" She replied, " Foiu' be around the bed of one man, and one man gets the supper of four in the house of Smbhne ; and the number which fit in it standino; would not fit sitting, and the number which fit in it sittinii Avould not fit in it lying; there are in it constantly one hundred cups and one hundred vessels of silver to distribute ale ;" ut dixit mulier: " The house of Suibhne, Suibhne, son of Eochaidli Buidhe, The number which fit in it standing Would not if sitting, imsH ARCH. soc. 6. I And 58 Q colli int> ma j^uioe, ni coillic ina laije. oen peyi mi cuiD in cearjiaip, cerpa|i mi lepaiD Duine. CeD coyinn ocup ceo copan, ceD cojic, ocup ceD cinDe, ip cet) eapcjia mpjDiDe bi]' call aji lap a cige. C. 1]< arin apbepc in pig, nap bac Dimoach-pu, a ingen, ol pe, ap acbepc OuboiaD Opai ppim-pa cen nio caipe oo cabaipc do neac ele a nocc, ace a beic ocuni peui ocup pij Ulai), .1. mac in'injine, ocup pipu Qlban Do biachao ajuin-pa apj' anocc. Ocup po]' cicbepc in OuboiaD ceDna, Dia m-baD coipe oip no beic ann, cumaD coip a cabaipc Do Oomnall, Do pinnpep mo mac; ocup Dia m-bao coipe apjaiD, a cabaipc Do'n c-popap, .1. d' CteD; ocup Dia m-baD coipe DO lie logmaip, a cabaipc Do Chongal TTlenD. Ocup in caipe pil anD Dm, ap ipe ip Deach Dib pin uile, Dia capDcai Doneacli ele h-é, ip DO Suibne no pagaD, ap ip e in pen-pocal ó cein maip, .1. in coipe Do'n c-pocaiDe, ap ip aoba pocaióe ceac Suibne, ap ni DecaiD Dam DimDach a]'p. ConaD ann apbepc in pig: bepeaD mo Dpai Dealjnoigi bpeac Do mnaib mac TTlogaipe ca bean cneip-geal ceann-buiDe, Dib D'a cibép ino caipe. Oia m-baD coipe opDaigi, CO n-Dpolaib oip D'a pognann, a " Joints The word cinoe, thine, is ex- any animal — See Lite ol' St. Bridget, by plained a sheep by Vallancey, Collectanea Brogan, where Colgan loosely translates (/c rebus Hiheriiicis, vol. iii. p. 514, but its the word by lardmn. pi'oper meaning, is a joint of the flesh of 59 And those who find room sitting Would not if lying. One man with the share of fonr, Four around the bed of each man. One hundred goblets, one hundred cups, One luuidred hogs, and one hundred joints", And one hundred silver vessels. Are yonder in the middle of his house. The house," &c. It was then the king said, " Be not displeased, O daughter, for Dubhdiadh, the Druid, told me not to give my cauldron to any one to-night, but to keep it myself and to entertain my daughter's son, the king of Ulster, and the men of Alba out of it to-night. And, more- over, the same Dubhdiadh told me, if it were a cauldron of gold, to give it to Domhnall, the eldest of my sons ; if a cauldron of silver, to give it to Aedli, the yovmgest ; and if it were a cauldron of precious stones, to give it to Congal ]\Ienn. And the cauldi'on Avhich 1 have is the best of all these, and if it were to be given to any one, it is to Suibhne it should go, for it has been a proverb from a remote period. Let the cauldron be given to the multitude, for the house of Suibhne is the resort of the nniltitude, and no company ever returned displeased from it." And then the king said: The King. — " Let my austere Druid decide Between the wives of Mogaire's sons", To what fair-skinned yellow-haired woman Of them my cauldron shall be given." Dublidiadli. — " If it were a golden cauldron, With golden hooks to move it, O ° Mogaire's sons It would appear from or a cognomen of king Eochaidh, hut no the context, that Mogaire was an alias name, other authority for it has been found. I2 6o a 6ochaió, a j^log ouine, C01J1 a rabaipc Oo OoniTiall. Oia m-bao coipe 011150151, X)o Tiá nc t)é na Deacach, a rabaijir d' QeD 0111511151, DO poj^o]! cloinDi Goclmch. Oio m-boD coijie comoDbal, Do Con5al co meD leonn-maip, D'on piji pochla |^nn-oDbal, Do rii iiiop n-DiIe)^ D'oinDlep. In coipe CO clot:ai5i, a 6ocliaiD, a pi5-|iui]ie, a raboipc Do'n r-pocaiDe, DO Suibne a]i lóji a clii5e. Oya lim Qlbain cen peill, Da nioD nin 1115 pop Gpinn, Do bepainD pop mnaib mo mac, mo beannacc, ociip bepeac. bepeoD. da5ar ploi5 Qlbnn iiile, ociip pi5 Ulao, Do ri5 pij Qlban in 06015 pin, ociip ba mairDoib arm inp bioD ociip linD; ociip po 5niaD DÓl oenai5 op no bápac. Dm pip in cicpaDip la Con5al Claen oocum n-6penn, Do rabaipc cafa Do Oomnall, mac QeDa, Do P15 Gpenn, ocup po paiDpec ppi OuboioD ocup ppi a n-Dpaicib olcena pair- pine Do Denam Doib Dup in buD popaiD o péD ocup a rupii]', ocup po 5ab]^ac na Dpaire 05 miceliuaine Doib, ocup oca roipmepc. ConaD ann apbepr DubDiaD na pamn-pi: lllairli pin a pipu Qlban, ca cain5en uil bap D-rap5lam ClD f Toknow ÍDupisusedin tlieAnnals of MSS., for the modern o'piop, i. e. to know, the Four Masters, and in the best ancient of which it is e\ddently an abbreviation. 6i O Eocliy of the hosts of men ! It shoukl be given to Domhnall. If it were a cauldron of silver From which would issue neither steam nor smoke, It should be given to the plundering Aedh, The youngest of the sons of Eochaidh. If it were a cauldi-on very great, It should be given to Congal of the beaviteous tmiic, That renowned man of great prosperity, "Who makes lawfid of vudawfid property. The cauldron with ornament, Eochaidh, great king ! Should be given to the host. To Suibhne in the middle of his house." Tlie Kii/ii'. — " As I am the ruler of Alba without treachery. Should I be king over Erin, 1 would pronounce on the wives of my sons A blessing, which I will pronounce. Let my," &c. All the host of Alba, and the king of Ulster, came that night to to the house of the king, and were well entertained there both witli ibod and drink; and on the morrow they convened an assembly of the people, to know whether they should go with Congal Claen to Erin, to give battle to Domhnall, the son of Aedh, king of Erin ; and they told Duljhdiadh and their other Dridds to prophesy unto them ti) know'' whether their journey and expedition woidd be prosperous, and the Dniids predicted evil to them, and forbade them to go. On which occasion Dubhdiadh repeated these verses: " That is good, ye men of Alba! What cause has brought you together ? What 62 ciD no pala ap bap n-aipe, an lo a cacai a n-oen-baile? O nach li-i bap b-pleay^c lama Gpiu CO n-iniat) n-Dala, TTiaipg ceic, cpia claecIÓD mje, t)o rjiom |ie pig Uempaiji. ^o pia pep piiit)-liac pera, ip ba li-oipt)epc a ecca; ni jebfo)! ppip nap na caip, cinppit) á]i ap Qlbancaib. Q pliiaj CO lin Ó5 ip eac ! mac Ctet-a, mic Qinmipeac, cpia pipmne a bpear, ni bpeg, ara Cpipc ica coiméo. Ip maip5 na peacaiii in maj, a reagap d'ó bappcapao; ^aeDil 'n-a cui]ie pd'n clao pib-pi 05 Dul, pobp pepp anao. Ip maip5 na peacbain in jlectnD, gebrap oipb a D-np n-6ipeanD; ni ribpe neac ua;b a ceanD, jan a cpeic pe pig epeanD. Oeic ceo cenn copac bap n-óip, cimcell pig Ulao oU-hain, d" pepaib Qlban pin 'p ctn ap, ocup pice céc comldn. Cuipnp 1 Native land. — pleapc lama is a tech- Trinity College, Dublin, (Class 11. 3. 1 8. nical term signifying land reclaimed by fol. 52), as follows: pleapc .1. peapano, one's own hand, and which is one's own uc epr, opba laime na manuc ocup na peculiar property. It is satisfactorily ex- naem paoéipin .1. pleapc laiiiie na niunuc plained in a veUum MS. in the Library of ocup na naerii. i.e. ''Fleasc,i. e. land, utest, 63 What object occupies your attention, As ye are all this day in one place ? As Erin of many adventures Is not yoiu' native land*", Alas for those who go, by change of journey, To fiifht with the king of Tara. A fair grey man'' of fame will meet them, Whose deeds are celebrated; He cannot be avoided, east or west. He will brina: slau£>hter on the Albanachs. ( ) host of many a youth and steed ! The son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, Through the truth of liis judgment, — no falseliuod,^ Is protected by Christ. Alas for those who shun not the plain. To which ye go onlj/ to be dispersed ; The Gaels shall be in groups beneath the mound; Ye are going, but better it were to stay. Alas for those who shun not the vale, Ye shall be defeated in the land of Erin' ; Not one of you shall carry his head, But shall sell it to the king of Erin. Ten hundred heads shall be the beginning of your slaiightei-. Around the great fair king of Ulster, This nmnber shall be slaughtered of the men of Alba, And ten hiuidred fully. Wolves tlielaiid, reclaimed by the hand of the monk.s ' JSriii In the vellum copy the reading and the saints themselves, is called the is, ipcip ccielji^enj, i.e. in the slender-sided Fleasc lainihe of the monks and the saints." country ; but ao-cip n-6ipeano, which is ^Afairffrey man King Domhnall was in the paper copy corrected bj* Peter Con- an old man wlien this battle was fought. nell, is much better. 64 Ciiipri]! ocup buiDne bpcin, cpinOpicriD cinn bup g-cupab. CO pitnrap jaineam SpinD glan, ni h-aipenirap cuit» UlaD. Clcc nac bpi j poipcine t)e pe li-iicc rpoc Do rmiDibe pceprap bap pip pe plairliep, beiD ba]i iiina cen bir-maifep. ITl. l|'niiD pin arbepu pi^ QlLctn ppi Conjal, ip e ij^coiji oinr, ol ]'e, t)iil a in-bpeacnaib co h-GocaiO Ctinjceap, co pig 6]ieacan, ap ip iiijen Do pil Do mnai ocuin-pa, ocup ip i-]'iDe innraip Do niafap-pa, ocup po jeba cobciip ploig uaDa, ocup Do biujipa eolup Duir conice reacb pig bpecan Dm reip ann. bet buiDech cpci in n Congal De pin, ocup reir luce rpica long CO bjierrui, co piaclic Dun in pig. Innipir m oic pcelct Do'n ]iig ocup DO mairib 6peran coniD h-e pig UlaD Do piacc ann. 6a pailio pipu bperan ocup in ]iig ppip, ocup pepaic pailci ppi] , ocup loppaigir pcela De. OcupmnpiD Congala pcela co leip, ocup a imrliupa irip Qlbain ocup Gpinn. Oognirip lapum Dail oenaig leo im Congal ocup im Ullraib ol- ceana, ppi Denam comaipli iiiion cauigui ]^in. Clniail po baDap ann ij'in Dailco n pacaDap oen laec mop cucu; caeime Do laecaib in Domain; moo ocup ai]iDiu óloap cec pep; guipmirep oigpeaD a pope; Depgirip nua-papcamgi a bel ; gilirip ppaj'o nemanD aDeD; aillirip pnecra n-oen aiDce a copp. Sciac cobpaDac cona cimac- mac ^ Tlie text of this qiiatrain is corrected event had occurred, rather judiciously in- from Mac Morissy's paper copy, which was troduced. Adamnan, the learned Abbot corrected by P.- Connell, evidently from an of lona, in whose time this battle was old vellum MS., not now to be found. fought, states, that St. Columbkille liad " This is the poet's prophecy alter the delivered a similar prophecy to Aidan, 6s Wolves and flocks of ravens Shall devour the heads of your heroes. Until the fine clean sand, is reckoned The heads of the Ultonians shall not be reckoned'. But prophecy is of no avail indeed When the obstinate are on the brink of destruction ! Your men shall be separated from sovereignty," Your women shall be without constant goodness." The king of Alba then said to Congal, " It is right for thee," said he, " to go into Britain to Eochaidh Aingces, king of Britain, for one of his daughters is my wife, and she is the mother of thy mother, and thou shalt receive aid in forces from him, and I shall guide thee to the house of the king of Britain, if thou wilt go." Congal was thankful to him, and set out accompanied b}' thirty ships for Britain, until he reached the king's palace. His youths announced to the king and the chiefs of Britain that the king of Ulster had arrived, and the men of Britain and the king were re- joiced at it, bade him welcome, and asked him his news. And he told Inm his news fully, and his adventures between Alba and Erin. An assembly was afterwards convened by them around Congal and the rest of the Ultonians, to hold a consultation on this project. When they were assembled at the meeting, they saw one great hei-o approaching them ; fairest of the heroes of the world ; larger and taller than any man ; bluer than ice his eye ; redder than the fresh rowan berries his lips; whiter than showers of pearls his teeth; fairer than the snow of one night his skin; a protecting shield with a golden iKirdei' king of Scotland, the grandfatlicr of Dornli- sine catisa vastante provinciam Dunmill iie- nall Brec, -which was actually fulfilled in potis Ainmirech : et a die ilia usque hudie Adamnan's own time : "Hoc autem vatici- adhuc in proclivo sunt ab extraneis, quod niuin temporibus nostris conipletum est in suspiria doloris pectori incutit — Vita Co- ZJe/ZoiittM, DomnalloBrecconepoteAidani, linnloe. Lib. III. c. 5. Trias Thau. p. 365. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. K 66 mac oi|i paiji ; Dacpaipg cam 'n alaim ; clomem co n-alcaib oéD, ocuj^ CO n-imoemim oip pop a raeb; ociip cen rpealam laic laip oloapin; pole op-bniDi pop a cinD, ocnp gniiip caem copciipDa laip. Da ceacaing cucu ip in oail, ocup apbepr in pig cen a piaDiijao, CO pepaD in anpab peccaip na Dala, no in picpao aipni a m-baoap na pij ocup na car-miliD olcena. lap poccain Do pom a n-imel na Dala, ni po aipip 50 painij co h-aipm 1 pacaio ecopc in pi^, ocup po puiD pop a laim tieip, emip e ocup pig UlaD. Cio im op pumip pamlaio? ól each. Nip li-epbaD ppim anao a n-inao eli, ol peipium. Ocup o'p me pein Do pijne inaD Dam, Dia m-beir ann inaD buD pepp olDapeo ip ann no aipippinD. Uibip in pig ime, ocup apbepr, bo coip Do a n-Depnai. lappaigic na pip pcela do, ocup inmpiD Doib pcela m beca ppec- naipc; inDapleo ni bui pa mm pcelu naD m-bui aici; po gpaDaigpec CO mop ]i-e inp pipu ocuj' mna, pop pebup a ecoipc ocup a iplabpa. Qipm mopa Uti)' ; ni bui ip in oenac oen laech no peDpaD a n-imluaD a lauhaip caca, ap a meD ocup ap a n-aiDble. lappaigic DO can acenel, ocup cia a plonnuD. Qpbepc pum nctclia ploinneaD Doneac ele, ocup ni innij'peD Doib-pium can a cenel nócli a plonnuD. Uiagaic na ploig ij- in Dun lap ]^in, ocup pagabap eipium a oenop a muig peaclmon na cealcha popp o ni-bui in c-oenach. Q m-bui nann conup paca oen Duine cuice ip in culoig, aicniD pop a eppeaD co m-ba piliD in ci cainic ann, ocup pepaiD pailci ppip, amail buD aicniD do h-e; ocuppuiDip in pibDaici pop raeb na celca, " Knobs of ivory. — Co n-alcaiB oeo, i. e. Oloaj^ is an ancient conjunction, now en- literally,witliknolDS of teeth. The northern tirely obsolete, the modern ina being sub- nations were accustomed to ornament their stituted in its place ; but it is explained in swords with the teeth of the sea-horse. Cormac's Glossary by the Latin qiicim, and '^Besides these Oloapin should be in the printed Dictionaries, by the English properly written oloap p m, i. e. than that, above, more than. 6; border was upon liim ; two battle lances in his hand ; a sword with knobs of ivory', and ornamented with gold, at his side ; he had no other accoutrements of a hero besides these" ; he had golden hair on his head, and had a fair, ruddy countenance. He advanced to them to the assembly, and the king ordered that he should not be saluted, until it should be known whether he would remain outside the meeting, or advance to where the king and all the warriors were seated. When he had arrived at the border of the assembly, he stopped not till he came to the place where he saw the countenance of the king, and he sat at his right hand, between him and the king of Ulster. " Wliyhast thou sat thus ?" said all. "I was not ordered to remain any where else," said he, " and because it was I myself that selected the place, if there had been a better place than this, it is there I would stay." The king smiled at this, and said, " He is right in all he has done." The men then asked him the news, and he told them all the news in the present world, for there was not, they thought, a story under heaven which he had not; and they loved him very much, both men and women, for the goodness of his countenance and his eloquence. He had very large weapons, so large and massive that there was not a hero at the assembly" who could wield them in the field of battle. And they asked of what race he was, and what his surname was. He replied, that he was not accustomed to teU his name to any one, and that he would not tell them his tribe or surname. The hosts then repaired into the palace, and left him alone out- side, on the hill on which the meeting was held. When he had been here for some time, he perceived a man coming towards him to the hill, and he knew him by his dress to be a poet, and he bade him welcome ^ AssemMi/ — Oenac, now always -ivrit- bly of the people ; but now it is applied ten aonac, anciently signified any asseni- to a cattle fair only. K2 68 relca, ociip lappaijip pcela t)o. InnipiD pum Do na b-iiile peel bci laiTiD laip, acr nama ni |io ploinD a cenel t)ó. C\a ruya anopo, ol, in r-ojlac anaicniD, ocup can Do cenel, ap arjeonpct ipar piliD. 6ice]' ociip piliD m pig aDum comnaicpi, ol pe, ocup do paigiD Dúine in pig Do DeacaDup anopa. peapaiD lapiiin pleochuD mop ocup palcc anbail Dóib, ocup ba pneacca cech pe peer po pepaD ann. CuipiD pium Din n pciar irip in éicep ocup in pleoclniD, ocu]^ leciD a apinu ocup a éiDiuD cara peipin ppip in pneaclira. CiD pin? nl 11! piliD. Qrbep ppir, olpe, Diet Tn-l;eaD aiptniciu buDmo oIdo)' po agum pogebrha-pa i ap rh' egpi, ocup o na pil, ip am cuibDipi ppi pleochuD map in n oca m-biaD ecpi. 6a buiDec in piliD De pin, ocup appepr ppip, DiamaD miaD lac-pa ciacrain lim-pa a nocr Do'm cig, pogebainn biaD ocup pep aiDci Duir. TTlair lim, ol pe. Umgaiu DO C15 in ecip ocup po gebic a n-Dainn biD ocu)- leanna anD. Ip anD pm cainic ceccaipe in pigap cenn inecip. Qppeprpum na pajaD ace min buD roil D'on óglac anaichniD bui iiialli ppip Dul ann, appepu pein, ba coip Dul ann, op 1 pe piuD in rpeap inaD ip moo 1 pajbair piliD achuinjiD .1. in oenacli, ocup pop banaip, ocup pop pleiD; ocup ni ricpaDi'in-pa ploij bperan in oen maijin, ocup a n-Dul uaic-piu cen ni d' pajbail uaiDib ap mo pon-pa. Uiajaic Do'n Dim, ocup puini^rep lac ann, .1. in piliD 1 piaDnaipi in pig, ocup eipium 1 maigin eli. Oo bepap bioD Doib, ocup rocairiD a m-biaD CO "> I perceive Qp ac^eonpa ij^ac pilro printed Irish Grammars, it is still com- wovdd not be now understood in any part monly in use in tlie south of Ireland, of Ireland; the modern form of the sen- 'Racpao is the form given in the printed tence is, oip airnijim-pe jup pilio cu. Grammars. " Would not t/o 130500, or more cor- " Unless it were ITIin buo would be rectly T3aj;aD, is the ancient Subjunctive written mun baó iu tlie modern Irish; it mood of eel jim, or céióim, I go ; and means nisi esset. though this form is not given in any of the "■ QnoichniD, — i. e. unknown^ is written 69 welcome as if he were known to him. The poet sat down with liini on the side of the hill, and asked him the news. The other told all the news he was desirous to hear, excepting only that he did not tell him the name of his tribe. " Who art thou thyself, now," said the unknown youth, " and what is thy race, for I perceive^ that thou art a poet." " The Eges [i. e. sagel and poet of the king do I happen to be," said he, " and to the king's palace am I now repairing." A heavy shower then fell, consisting of intermingled rain and snow, and he put his shield between the poet and the shower, and left his own arms and battle dress exposed to the snow. " What is this for ?" said the poet. " I say unto thee," replied he, " that if I could show thee a greater token of veneration than this, thou shouldst receive it for thy learn- ing, but as I cannot, I can only say, that I am more fit to bear rain than one who has learning." The poet was thankful for this, and said to him, " If thou wouldst think proper to come with me this night to my house, I shall prociu'e food and a night's entertainment for thee." " I think well of it," replied the other. They repaired to the poet's house, and got a sufficiency of meat and think there. Then it was that the king's messenger came for the poet, but the poet said that he would not go^ unless it were" the wish of the lui- known'' youth that he should go; and the latter replied, that it was meet to go to the assembly, " for," said lie, " there are three places at which a poet obtains the greatest request, namely, at a meeting, at a Avedding, and at a banquet ; and I shall not be the cause that the host of Britain should be assembled together in one place, and go away from thee without thy getting anything from them." They repaired to the palace, and they were seated there, the poet in the presence of the king, and the other elsewhere. Food was distributed to them, and they according to the modern mode of ortlio- a negative particle, which is equivalent graphy anaicnao ; it is compounded of cm, to the Englisli. i in cloc 00 pala ann. Ocup ]io lappacc in pigan pcela in painr.e Do'n laech anaicniD. Qcbepc puiri pjiip in ingain, ip ajuni acaip pepin do pala in painne .1. ag mac Obém aj 1115 * * * * . ConaD ann appepc pi. Canap cdngaip a knch loip, ce rue Duir in painne oiji, no ca cip ap a cajiga ? mo chin each pa comapba. '^oin araip pein Do bi pin, U5 mac ObéiD mjanraij; ip amlaiD p]iirh painDe in pip, aj laec a comlann oenpip. Q Depim-pi piurpa De, ip Depb lem 'p ip aipire, pceirh mo cpaiDe co bpóch m-bán, aguD Dechpain a macan. Can. Ocup )io pójaib in painne a5Uin-]X( in ran ar bar pepin. Or cuala umop'io in pijan ]^in, ]iobuail a bapa, ocup po ruaipc a h-ucr, ocup po pcpib a b-ajaiD, ocup do poD a callao pignaiDe popp in reiniD 1 piaDnaipi caich, ocup Do paD a paiD guil epci lap pin. CiD pm a p'gan? ol each. MTn. ol pi, mac po n-ucup Do'n pig, ocup Do DecaiD uaim acá picir m-bliaDain ann anopa. Do poglaim gaipceD peacnón in Domain, ocup ip aici po bui in painne pil im laim in ócláij ucuD. Oáij DO biuppa aicne paip, ap ip ocum pein po bui 1 ropac, CO puc in mac laip li-é in ran po imri^ uaim. Ocup f Obeid. — This is evidently a fictitious ? Callad, — callno Tliis word is now character, and introduced as such by the obsolete in the modern Irish language, but writer. it is preserved in the Erse, and is explain- 73 The wife of the king of Britain saw tlie pahii and hand of the youth, and viewed them for a long time, and she much admired the golden ring which she saw on his hand, for there came not on earth such a ring, or a stone better than the stone it contained. And the queen asked the unknown hero the history of the ring. The hero answered the queen : " This ring belonged to my own father, the son of Obeid*^, king * * * * " And she said : Queen. — " Whence hast thou come, great hero ! Who has given thee the golden ring ? Or what is the country from Avhich thou hast come ? My love is upon every one Avho bears thy mark." Hero. — " j\Iy own father had this ring. The son of the wonderful Obeid ; Anáthe source whence the champion's ring was obtained Was from a hero in single combat," Queen. — " I say unto thee of it. It is certain, it is positive. My heart is wearied for ever, From viewing thee, O youth." " And he left me the ring after his death," said the hero. When the queen heard this she wTung her hands, and struck her breast, and tore her face, and cast her royal " callad^" into the fire in the presence of all, and she then screamed aloud. " What means this, queen?" said all. " It is plain," said she, " a son whom I brought forth" for the king, and who went away from me twenty years ago, to learn feats of arms throughout the world, had the ring which is on the hand [finger] of yonder youth, for I recognize it, as it was I myself that had it first, until the son took it with him, when he went aAvay from me." And ed by Shaw as signifying a cap, a wig, Sic. " Brought forth. — niac po n-iiciip oo'n It is not unlike the Irish cciille, a cowl, pij would be written in the modern Irish {cucullus), or the English cawl. mac do pujcip oo'n pi j. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. L 74 Ocu)' |io gab pop lam-comaiiic nioiji ay a airle j-in, cuniaDepb leo CO ii-eibelao, mine pajbat) pujiracc po ceDoip. 'Ce^z pium lapum 1 compocup Do'n pigain, ocup acbepc ppia, D'o n-oepnnca pun popm-pa, a pigan, ol pe, po inoepaino pcela Do mic Duic. Ro gell pi CO n-a liiga, co n-tnnjneao. ITlipi Do mac, ol pe, a pijan, ocup ip me DeacctiD iiaic Do poglaim gaipceo nnicell in beara. Ni po cpeiD pi pin, 511 pa Déch a plinnen Deap. CiD pin, a pijctn, ol pe. Nin, ol pi, in ran po imng mo mac iiaim, Do panup gpáinne oiji po bapp a plinDein Deip, Do pen iiai]ie ocup Do comapra paip. TTlapa rupa mo mac, po gebpa pin inoac. pécaiD lapum, ocup puaip an comaj.Da amail po paiD, ocup ]io buail a bapa Do piDipi, rpi a mac eolchctipe Do recc ocup oppepr, ip rpuaj in gnim po b'ail Duib Do Denam a pig .1. ap n-oén mac a n-Di'p do mapbaD cen cinaiD DOC muinnnp, ocup po ciipneiD ctmail pop puaip an comapDa peiTipaiDre paip. Ni po cpeiD in pig cup bc(D h-e a mac no beich anD. CiD na cpeiDe a n-nbaip in pignn, a pig bperctn? ol Congal. Qcbejipa ppic ct ctobop, ol in pig. 6aDU)>a pechru)- ocup Dail mop inuim ip in Dun pa lop n-imrecc mo mic uaini, conu]^ paca buiDin moip cugam: ceD lc(ec a lin; oen óglach pempu ocup pole puaD paip ; ip é la roipec Doib. lappaigrep pcela Dib, appepc in r-oglac puaD ucuD gup ba mac Dam-pa li-e, ocup gup ba cugam rainic. lappacr each Dim-pa in ba pip pm, ocu]> ni rapDup nach ppegpa popjio, ace po paemup a beir 'na mac Dam, ap na n'pca ppim plairui]' o anpaDaib bpecan. Ocup lappaigim a ainm De. Qcbepc ' / icill tell thee. — Ro iriDepoinD would inff, prosperity, success, or happiness ;" be written in the modern Irish do liut it appears from the application of the inneopuinn. It is the subjunctive form ti_rm in the text, and from other examples of the verb innipim, I tell, or relate. of its use, to be found in the best Irish i As an amulet Sean uaipe, which MSS., that it also means an amulet, or an} - literally means, the luck of ati hour, is ex- thing which was believed to insure luck plained by P. Connell, in his MS. Die- or success, or bring about a lucky hour, tionary, "transitory or temporal bless- ^ If thou be niapa is used in the best 7S And slie proceeded after this to wring her hands so violently, that they thought she would die, unless she should get immediate relief. He [the unknown youth] afterwards went over near the queen, and said to her, " If thou wilt keep my secret, O queen, I will tell thee' news of thy son." She promised on her oath that she would keep the secret. " I am thy son," said lie, " O queen ! and it is I tliat went away from thee to learn feats of arms around the world." She believed him not, until she looked at liis right shoulder. " Wliat is that for, queen?" said he. "It is not difficult," said she. "When my son went away from me, I put a grain of gold under the top of his right shoulder as an anudet* and a mark upon him. If thou be'' my son, I will find this in thee." She then looked, and found the mark as she had said; and she Avrung her hands again, for the return of her lamented son, and she said, " Pitiful is the deed thou hast desired to do, king, namely, to have the only son of us both Idlled without any crime by thy ])eople," and she told liow she had found the mark above men- tioned upiui him. The king did not believe that it was his son who was present. " Why dost thou not believe all that the queen says, O king of Britain ?" said Congal. " I will tell thee the reason," replied the king. " After the departiu-e of my son from me, I was on one occasion in this palace with a large assembly about me, and I saw a large troop approaching me: one hundred heroes was their number, and one youth was before them with red hair ; he was their chieftain. They were asked the news, and the red-haired youth said that he was a son of mine, and that it was to me he came. All asked me if this were true, but I made them no answer, but agreed that he was my son, in order that the warriors of Britain might not oppose my leign. And I asked him his name. He replied that his name was Conan ( for that was the name and nicist ancient Irish MSS., for the mo- if, and the assertive verb if, and signifies dern mú'p, which is compound'ed of ma, literally, si esses or si esset. L2 76 Qcbejic puni gu]! ba Concm a ainni; uai|i ba Conan ainin in ceO mic bill ocum-j'a, ocup po jiaiDiuj^a ppip, ciiaipc bpecon do rabaipr, ocup cecc a cino bliaona Dom' paigiD. la)i nabapacli Duin Din ip in Oail ceona, ac ciam buiDm nioip ele cujainn; ceD laec a lin pein, ojlac pempii, ocup pole pino paip. Icqipaijic in pip pcela oe, acbepc puni in ceDna, gup ba mac Dam-pa h-e, ocup ba Conan a ainm. Ocup ccppeprpa ppip, cuaipu bperan Do cup, mctp in ceDna. Ip in rpep laa umoppo ac ciam buiDin n-Dímoip aile cugainD, moo oloap cac bu.Den oile; cpi ceD laec a lin. Oglac cpurctch pempu, ailli Do laecaib in Domain; pole DonD paip. Uic cugainD lap pin, ocup a]^pepc cumoD mac Dam-pa, ocup cumaD Conan a comainm. Qppepr]^a in ceDna ppip; ocup i)- aipe ]^in, a Congail, ol in P15, nac cpeiDim-pi cumaD h-e in laec ucuD mo mac, ap in cpiup pin do ]\áú 5Ó im agaiD. Ip eaD ip coip ann, ol Congal, Dia cipar in rpiap pin Do'n Dun, compac Doib ocup Don laec ucuc ap jalaib oen-pip, ocup cipe Dib ri app, a beic 'n-a mac aguc-pa. Ip ceaD lim, ol in pig. Qnaic anD in aDaig pin, ocup epjip Conon l?oD co moch lap na bápacli, ap ip e ba mac Dilep Do'n pij, ocup ceic Do Decpin in c-ppora, boi 1 compocup Do'n Dun, ocup bui aj paipcpin po]i nellaib aeoip, ocup appepc ac cim nél pola op cinD Conoin RuaiD, ocup nel pola op cinD Conain pinD, ocup nip pil op cinD Conain DuinD; ocup a Dee nime, ol pe, cpeD beipiup Conan Donn ayf cen cuicim lim-pa? ap iplim cuicic in Di Clionan aile. Conao ann appepc: Qc cm cpiap mileD 'pa niag, CO n-eippeD n-álainD n-ingnaD, Pil ' The men In pip, now always writ- singular form of the article, is found join- ten na r'p. It is ciirious that in very an- ed to nouns in the plural number, cient and correct MSS., in, which is the ™ Greater than. — TTloo oloap, would be name of the first son I had), and I then told him to make a circuit of Britain, and to come to me at the end of a year. On the next day, as we were at tlie same assembly, we saw another large troop ap- proaching VIS ; their number was one himdred, and there was a youtli before them having fair hair. The men' asked the news of him, and he replied that lie was my son, and that his name was Conan. And I told him in like maimer to make the circuit of Britain. On the third day we saw a very large troop, greater than either of the pre- ceding"; three hundred heroes their number. There was a faii--formed youth before them, the fairest of the heroes of the world, with brown hair. He came on to us, and said that he was a son of mine, and that his name was Conan. I told him the same ; and it is for this reason, O Congal," said the king, " that I do not believe that yon hero is my son, for the other three had told me a falsehood to my face." " The most proper thing to be done," said Congal, " would be, should the other three come to the palace, to get them and this hero to fight in single combat, and whichever of them should come oíF victorious to adopt him as thy son." " I am wiUing to do so," said the king. They remained so for that night, and early in the morning Conan Rod, — who was the king's real son, — rose and went out to view the stream which was near the palace, and he viewed the clouds on the sky, and said, " I see a cloud of blood over Conan the Red, and a cloud of blood over Conan the Fair, but none over Conan the Brown- haired, and Gods of heaven, said he, what will save Conan the Brown-haired from falling by me ? For the other two Conans shall I'all by me ;" and he said : " I see three heroes in the plain, AVitli suits beautiful, Avonderful, There written, in the modern Irish, mo itic'i. In though it is stated by the modern Griim- ancient MSS. long vowels, especially those marians that this is contrary to the genius of the broad class, are often doubled, of the Irish language. 78 p'l uaiycib, ppi b-uaip pejiji, nel na pola poji-Dejiji. Nel pola op cintt Conoiri RuaiD, ip Do 6én a Diiribiiait»; m ceDna op cinD Conain pinn in epjiit) alaino iinpiriD. Nip jab claiDem, nip jab pcmf, nip jab eippeo rpaeca rpiaf, nip jab jaipceD ip jmm jlann, laec no pjieijepaint) comlonn. Ni uil op cinD Conain Ouino nel na pola pop pejaim, Depjpar-pa mo lainn i n-Dui, pop na Conanaib ac ciu. Qc cm. Qr ci ia]i pin biimin inoip cuici ip in Dpocac, bin cap]' in ppiif, ociip ac ci oen laecli puao liiop pempu, ocup aicnip h-é. Ocnp appepc ppip, cia Icm biiD pepp lac ajiiD Do ni no rollaD popp in Dpochac pa ? Qppepc pum, ba h-e a Ian oip ocup apjaic. pip, ol pe, niDac mac-pa Do'n pij, ache mac cepnai, no pip po jni nach oicDi éicin Di op, no Di apjao, ocup po jebapa Ixip inD. pepaic comlann lapum, ocup mapbrap Conan RuaD ann. Qppepc mac in pij, .1. Conan Rod, ppi niuinncip in pip pop mapb, Dia n-uini]'eD neac uaib oam, m pip m aicline Do paoup popp in laecli, po ainic- pinD pib. Pip, ol piac, ni capD neac pop bic aicne bápa pepp iná in aicne Do poDaip pop np cijepna, ap ba mac cepDai a cuaipcepc bpecan h-e, ocup cainic cpia bopppaD n-aicenca, co n-ebaipc co m-baD mac D'on pij h-e, o po cualai a beic cen mac oca. Uic " Oecr the bridge Opocac is now ge- given as such in Cormac's Glossary. It was nerally written Dpoiceao, and the word is probably applied by the ancient Irish to a usually applied to a stone bridge. It is un- wooden bridge, as we have no evidence that questionably a primitive Irish word, and is they built any bridges with stone arches ; 79 There is over them, for an angry hour, A cloud of deep red blood. A cloud of blood over Conan the Red, Which to him forebodes defeat ; Tlie same over Conan the Fair Of the beautiful battle dress. There lias not taken sword, there has not taken shield, There has not taken battle dress to defeat a chief, Tliere has not followed chivalry and valorous deeds, A hero whose challenge I woidd not accept. There is not over Conan the Brown-haired A cloud of blood that I can see : I shall redden my blades to-day Upon the Conans whom I see." After this he beheld a large troop coming towards him over the bi'idge" which was across the stream, and he saw one large red-haired liero before them, whom he recognized. And [C'o/íí/// Rod] said tf) him, " Of what wouldst thou wish to have this bridge full ?" The other re- ])lied, " of gold and silver." " It is true," said tlie other, " that tlu)u art not a son of the king, but the son of some artisan who constructs something of gold or silver ; and thou shalt die here." They engaged in single comliat, and Conan tlie Red was slain. And the king's son, Conan Rod, said to the people of the man whom he had slain: " If any of you will tell whether I have judged truly of the liero, I will spare you." " Tridy," said they, " no one ever judged another better than thou liast judged om' lord; for he was the son of an artisan from Nortli Britain, and lieariiig that the king liad no son, lie came, through pride of mind, aud said that he was the king's son." The but tliL'y buiU wiioclen l)riclges at a very the Library of the R, I. A.] p. 508, where early period. See Duald Mac Firbis's Pedi- he mentions the erection of Droichead na grees of the ancient Irish families, [MS. in Feirsi, and Droichead Mona Dainih. 8o Cic lapom in ua)ict pep oib gup in D]iochac, ociip po lappaij I'liiin be ui ceDna. Ctppepc piim gup ba h-e a Ian De buaib, ocup Spoijib, ocup rc'tinrib. pi]i, ol pe, niDac nmc-pa Do'n pij irip, acr mac b]ui5aD, ocup pip rocait) ocii)- conaich. Sciicam cuici lapiiin ocup ben a ceann De ; ocup loppcdgip Dia niuinnnp, in ba pi]i in aicne. pip ol lar. Qr ciac umoppo in rpep ni-buiDin cucai; oen laec ino]i i ropac na buione pin, co rpi ceo laec ina pappaD. Ueic Conan ina comne popp in Opocac ceDno, ocup lappaigip oe, cia Ian ba oeach laip cdci t)o ni no rallao popp in opocliar ceDna. Qj^pepu puni gup ba li-e a Ian Do laecaib, ocup cu]iaDaib, pa oen ^niin, ocup oen ^aipcet) ppip pein. pip pm, ol Conan, ac mac pij-pa, ocup nitiac mac do pig bperan. pip, ol peipium, niDctm mac-pa Do pi^ bpecan, ctcc am mac do pig CochlanO: ocuj' m'araip po mapbfct I pill, la b]iaraip Do buoein, rpia rangnctcc, ocup po inDap)niprap mipi lap mapbctD m'afap. Ocup oc cualai pij bpecan cen nmc oca, ranag pop a amup D'pcigbail cuganra ploig ocup pocpaioe lim, DO Dijcdl m' c(rap. Ocup ip e pin ip pi]i onn, ocup ni coimpéc ppic-pa imon plairiup nac Dufai^ Dam. Do gniac a n-Dip píD ocup có]iu anD pin, ocup recaic ip in Dun 50 h-aipm a m-bui pig hperaii ocu]- Gonial, ocup innipir a pcela ann lech pop leir. 6a moir la each uile in peel pin; ocup appepc Din in pig, Do beppa cuilleD Depbrct popp in mac pa. Cm DepbaD? aji Congal Claeri. Nin. ol pe; Diin pil ajum-pa a n-imel 6peran, .1. Dim Da lacha a amm ° Same valour and prowess with myself. — are very frequently put in old Irish legends This was the true test of royal descent, to diilerent persons, to test their disposi- O'Dea, chief of Kinel-Fearmaic, in The- tions, of which see remarkable instances mond, was wont to say that he would ra- in the Life of St. Caimin of Inis Cealtra, ther have the full of a castle of men of the Colgan Acta SS. ad Mart. 25, p. 746. family of O'Hiomhair, now Ivers, than a ^ King of Lochlann The ancient Irish castle full of gold. Questions of this kind writers always called Denmark and Nor- 8i The second man came on to the biiclLie, and he asked him the same: he said he Avonld rather have the bridge fnll of cows, horses, and iiocks, fhuii ol'iiiiiifhiiig else. " True," observed the other, " thon art not the son of the king, but the son of a brughaidh [farmer], or of a man of liches and wealth." He tlien sprang upon liim, and cut oif his head, and aslvcd his people if he Iiad judged truly. " Trul}-," they replied. They soon saw a third troop coming toAvards them: there was one great hero in the front of this troop, ha\-ing three hundred along with him. Conan Avent to meet him at the same bridge, and asked, " of Avhat Avouldst thou Avish this bridge full ?" He ansAvered, " / would wish if fidl of heroes and champions of the same valoirr and proAvess Avith myself." " True," observed Conan, " thou art the son of a king, but not of the king of Britain." " True," said the other, " I am not a son of the king of Britain, but I am a son of the Idng of Lochlann'' : and my father having been treacherously killed by his oavu brother, they banished me immediately after killing my father ; and liaAdng heard that the king of Britain had no son, I came to him to solicit aid in hosts and forces from him, to take revenge for my father. This is the truth, and I Avill not contend Avith thee about a kingdom Avhich is not due to me." Both then made peace and a treaty with each other, and they repaired to tlie palace Avhere the king of Britain and Congal Avere, and there told tlieir stories on both sides. All were pleased at this news ; but the king said, " I Avill impose more proof on this son." "What proof?" asked Congal Claen. "It is not difficult," said he: "I have a fort on the borders of Britain called the way by this name. Duald Mac Firbis, the inhabitants of Norwegia, by pionn-f,oc- last of the hereditary antiquaries of Lecan, lannai^, i. e. Avhite or fair Lochlanns. See says, that the ancient Irish writers call Mac Firbis'' s PeJiffrees (M-a,ri[ms oi'Drogh-' the inhabitants of Dania by the name t)uB- eda's copy), p. 364; also O'Flaherty's Coclannui j, i. e. Black Lochlanns, and the Ogygia, part iii. c. j6, and O'Brien's Irish IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. M 82 ninm; a rá Din doc ampa ly^ in Dun pin, ocup ni jlucnpeann ppi bpéig, ocup ni péDann pep pinjaile a cogluapacc nách a cojbctil ; ocup a car Da each oen Dara ocum-pa ip in Dun ceDna, ocup ni piraic pa neac po jni 501 co bpách; ocup riagpa gup in Dun pin Dm DepbnD popc-pa in pip ocbepi ppim. Oo jnichep painktiD uile: cójbaiD Conán in clocli, ocu|^ piraiD na h-eocu poi; uc DUic inpij: Clocli a cain-Oún Da laca, ip piu a comcpom D'óp Dara, ni gluaipenn le bpeig cen bpacli, ip ni jluaipenD pmjalacli. TTI' eicli-pi pein ip peppDi a n-gnai, CO bpar ni gluaipir le gai, gluaipic le pipinDe pinD, ip luctr ójapca a n-épim. Dm pip in buD cu mo nmc, a cuinjiD calma comnapr, pacaD 1 n-Diu ainac 30 mocli, 5up in Dun a puil mo clocli. Clocli. UinolaiD Conjal mp pin ]'loi5 Sa.xan ocup a pij, .1. 5*^r'^' "^*^^ Rogaipb, ocup ploij na Ppainjce ocuj' a pig, .i. Oaipbpe, mac Oopnnmaip, ocup ploij 6peran pa Conan l?oD, mac Gachach Qingcip, ocup pipu Qlban pa ceirpe macaib Gachacli 6uiDe, .1. Qeo DictionarymroceLocHLANNACH,whevetlie it is not easy now to determine. name Loclilann is explained land of lakes. p A nolle stone Tliis stune was some- ° The Fort of the Two Lakes Xiw oa what similar to the Lia Fail and other ma- lacha. The editor has not been able to gical stones of the Irish Kings. find anj' name like this, or synonymous '' Garbh, the son ofRoi/arhh, — i. e. Rough, with it, in any part of Wales. Whether the son of Very Rough ; he is evidently a it is a mere fictitious name invented by fictitious personage. the writer, or a real name then existing, ■■ Dairbhre., the son of Dornmhar — Must 83 the Fort of the two Lakes^ In this fort is a noble stone", which does not move at flilsehood, and a murderer cannot move or raise it; and I have in tlie same fort two steeds of one coh:)m', Avhich would never run under one who tells a falsehood. Do thou come to this fort to prove on thee whether what thou tellest me be true." This was accordingly done: Conan raised the stone, and the steeds ran under him. And the king said: " A stone which is at Dun-da-lacha Is worth its weight of bright gold. It moves not at falsehood without betraying it. And a mm-derer cannot move it. My steeds, too, of beautiful appearance. Never will move at falsehood, But they move with fair truth, Their motion is qidck and agile. To prove whether thou art my son, brave puissant champion! 1 will go forth early this day To the fort in which my stone is. A stone," &c. After this Congal assembled the forces of Saxonland with their king Garbh, the son of Rogarbh'', and the forces of France, with their king Dairbhre, the son of Dornmhar', and the forces of Britain under Conan Rod', and the men of Alba under the four sons of Eochaidh be also considered as a fictitious personage, ' Conan Bod. — Conan appears to liave as there was no king of France of this been very common among the ancient Bri- name, or of any name of which it could be tons, as the proper name of a man, but no a translation, at this period. Dagobert, son prince Conan is recorded as having lived of Clotaire II., was king of France in the exactly at this period, and we must there- j^ear 638, when the Battle of Magh Kath fore conclude, that this Conan was an ideal was fought. personage. M2 84 Qet) ni e|i]iit» iiaine, ocnp Conjal meriD, ocup Suibne, ocup Oom- nall bjieac, a pinnye]!. Oo bepc lai]^ uile in lin plój pin, co cajiopac car Do Oonmcill co pepaib Gpenn ime, pop TTlnig T?ach, CO rapat) op ceim enijipii, ocup co ropchoip Coiigal Claen ann. Qp ice pin rpi biictDa in carlia, .1. maiDni ]iia n-Oomnall U'a pipmne po]i Gonial ina 501, ocup Suibne Do duI pju gecdcacc a]i a méD Do laiDib Do lepaig, ocup in pep Di pepaib Ctlban Do Dul Dia cip pepin cen luinj, cen baipc, ocup laec aile 1 leanniain De. l?o mapb Din Cellctcli, mac Tllailcaba, Conctn Rod, .1. mac pig bpecan pop jalaib oen-pip, ocup po mapbra Din na pigu ocup na roipij olceana cpi ne]ir comlamD, ocup rpia pipinDi plara in pij, .1. DomnaiU, mic CteDa, mic Oinmipecli ; ocup rpia nepu in cac- mileD ampa, .1. Celiac, mac ITlailcaba, .1. mac bjiarhap Domnaill: ap ni po mapbaD laech na car-mileD Do clannaib Neill ip in each nach DijelaD Cellacli cpio tiepc comlaiiiD ocup imbuailci. Co na cepna d' Ullcaib app ace pe céD laec naniá, ]io élaDap ap in a]imui5 pa pepDomun, mac Iniomam, .1. laec am]ia d' Ullcaib in ci PepDomun. Ni cepna Din d' allmapacaib apj' ace DubDiaD Dpni, Do DeacaiD ppi poluamain a|^ in cac, ocuj' ni po aipi]' co li-Qlbain, ' Three Biiadlia. — These three remark- story was written on the madness of this alile occurrences, wliich took place at the SuiUme, giving an account of his eccen- ]?attle of Magli Rath, are also mentioned tricities and misfortimes, from the period in an ancient MS. in tlie Stowe Library, of at which he fled, panic-stricken, from the which Dr. O'Conor gives a full description Battle of IMagh Eath, till he was killed by in the Stowe Catalogue, and which was pub- a clown at Tigh Moling, now St. MuUms, lished by Mr. Petrie, in his History and in the county of Carlow. A copy of this Anticpiities of Tara Hill, p. 16, et sequent, story, which is entitled Bii/k iS/iiiib/me, But Dr. O'Conor has entirely mistaken the i. e. Suibinie's Madness,, is preserved, post- meaning of the passage, as I shall i)rove fixed to the Battle of Magh Eath, in No. in the notes to the Battle of Magh Eath. 60 of the collection of Messrs. Hodges and " T/ie going mad u/Suibhne. — A distinct Smith, Dublin. It is a very wild and ro- 85 Eochaidli Buidlie, namely, Aedh of the Ci-een Dress, Coiigul Menu, Suiblme, and tlieir senior [i. e. eldest. /irtif/ii'r'\ Domhnall Brec. And lie brought all these forces with him, and gave battle to Domhnall and the men of Erin aromid him, on Magli Rath, wliere there was a slaughter of heads between them, and wliere Congal Claen was slain. These were the three "Buadlia"' [i. e.Tem(trkaJ>le events],w\\ic\\ took place at tlie battle, viz., i. The victory gained by Domhnall in his truth over Congal in his falsehood. 2. The going mad of Suiblme, in consequence of the number of poems written upon him"; and, 3. The return home of a man of the men of Alba to his own country, without a boat or barque, Avith another hero clinging to him. Cellach, the son of Maelcobha, slew Conan Bod, the son of the king of Britain, in single combat, and all the other kings and chieftains \_who had assisted Congal] were slain by dint of fighting, and through the truth of the prince, Domhnall, the son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, and through the puissance of the illustrious warrior, Cellacir, the son of Maelcobha, that is, the son of k///g- Domhiiall's brother : for there was not a hero or champion of the race of Niall slain in the battle, whose death was not revenged by Cellach by dint of battle and lighting. So that there escaped not of the Ultonians from the battle but six hundred heroes only, who fled from the field of slaughter under the conduct of Ferdoman"'', the son of Imoman, a renowned hero of the Ultonians. There escaped not one of the foreigners save Dubhdiadh, the Druid, who fled panic-stricken from the battle, and mantio story, Imt is valuable, as preserving for twelve years, as monarchs of Ireland, the ancient names of many remarkable that is, from the year 642 to 654. places in Ireland, and as throwing ciirious " Fenhman, son of Imoman, is not light upon ancient superstitions and ciis- mentioned in the Irish Annals, nor is his toms. name to be foiuid in the genealogies of the ■* Cellach This Cellach afterwards Clanna liudhraighe, though he seems to reigned conjointly with his brother Conall be a real historical character. 86 li-QlbaiTi, cen Imnj, cen baipc, ocuf laecli mapb i lenmain Din leach-coi|^; Daij po cuip Congcd glay' i cenjal icip cec n-Dif Dia muinnci|i, 05 cup in cara, co ná ceicheao neach Oib o cell, amail DO clariDa Conaill ociip 6050111, rpia popconjaip Conaill, mic baeDain, mic NinDeDa, in pig-mileo ainpa. ConiD anilaiD pin po cuippec in each. Conao pieao Oúm na n-géo, ocup rucaic caca Tiluise Rach conice pin lap pip. " So far the true account. — This is the usual manner of terminating ancient Irish stories. The reason evidently is to prevent mistake, as the old MSS. are so closely written that it would not be easy to distinguish their several tracts without such remarks, to show where one ended and another commenced. — See the conclusion of the tale of Deirdre, in the Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, vol. i. p. 1 34, where Mr. Theophilus O'Flanagan has written the following note on tliis subject: 87 and who made no delay till he reached Alba with a dead hero tied to one of his feet; for Congal had tied every two of his people to- gether in the battle with a fetter, that the one might not flee from the other; and the races of Conall and Eoghan did the same by order of Conall, the son of Baodan, son of Ninnidh, the renowned royal champion. And thus they fought the battle. So far the true account" of the Banquet of Dun na n-gedh, and the cause of the Battle of Mash Rath. "íSwc/í. is the sornncfal tale of tlie clnldren are so closely written, that it is not easy of UsnachP — " This is a manner of termi- to distinguish their several tracts -without nating our stories in old manuscripts. The such marks ; and next, it is suggested, obvious cause is to prevent mistake, as that one reading is not sufficient to appre- well as to call attention back to the poetic ciate the value of a composition." or historical detail. The old manuscripts cauh niui^he Raub. IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. * N CQCh carh inui5ií6 Rarh. ' QID ]ie piliD )n)]i]n)rinuiD ; lire]i jie cadi coma]i- bup; reibeon |ie rupnnOpceOail; puapaic ]ie peaji I'j piipogpa. ConctD lac pin net ceiqie corhpocail ^ cuibDi,cumaiDi,cliiallcaiicreaclin,]io opDaijeatDoji iijOnip 1 n-ii]i-fup gctcha li-elat)nc(, ocup i rintijKeaOal caclia Cjieapa. Qcc ceria i)' e par poillpijri na pocal peiceairianra pileab quote the proverbs and ilarli sayings of their poets as arguments of wisdom, but many of these sayings are so obscure to us of the present day, that we cannot see the wisdom which they are said to have so happily communicated to our ancestors. ^Animating bard. — The word puppuniiuo is explained in O'Clery's Glossary, by the modern words lapao no poillpiujaó, i. e. to light or explain, and in a vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, (H. 2. 1 6.) JJ. 552, by poiUpiujtiD only. The initial letter L is taken from the vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, from which the text of this tale has been transcribed. The Society are indebted to Dr. Aquilla Smith for the drawing from which the wood-cut was en- graved. * A poem This introduction to the battle of Magh Rath is very obscure, and seems rather irrelevant, like the proems to many other ancient productions. The ancient Irish writers were accustomed to l^^p. THE BATTLE OF MAGH RATH. Poem" for the animating" bard. A letter for every l|^|i succession. Consideration before commencing. De- ' velopmenf for a proclaimcr : — These are the fonx fit, V^')^ meet, and expressive maxims which authors have 'É^^Í ordered to be placed at the beginning of every com s^^feiv position, and in the proem of every battle-narrative. And the reason that these scientific words of the poets are exhibited to It is used by Diiald Mac Firbis in the is modernized puufaiD and puapaoio, is sense of lighting, igniting, kindling, as Qp not given in any Irish Dictionary except ip é no tioD aj puppannao cainole ap Peter Connell's, in which it is explained béuUnb Qeoa, mic Qipc Lli Ruaipc, " the divulging of a secret;" and puapaio- an can no biD aj pirciotkicc, " for it was eac, an adjective formed Irom it, is ex- he was used to liffht the candle before Aedli, plained " exposing, divulging." However, the son of Art O'Rourke, when he was from the many examples of its use which playing at chess."— Lib. Geneal. p. 218. occur throughout this tale, and in other "Development Pucipciic pe peap pu- ancient tracts, it is clear that it means more pojpa: The word puapcuc, which in Mac properly, "developing, unfolding, eluci- Morissy's copy of this tale (made in 1722), dating, or setting forth." N2 92 pileaó fin, o'aipneip ociip D'piaónujaó aijnió ocup lUjiuine na Ti-oj-biiiacha|i n-arhnap, n-imcubai6, n-njoapDa yin. Caió ]ie piliD puppunnuiD, ]io paiopimap pomainD, inann pon ocup lai6, no popcuó, no piuhleapg, ip Dip ociip ip Dligeaó o'éicpib ocu]> D'pileaDaib D'aipneip m aipOib oipeaccaip, ocup i locaib línnnapa, ociip i comoalaib coirceannn, D'uapoic ocup o'laDniigiib a popaip ociip a piliDeaclira ap na pileDaib. Cirep pe each comapbup, Oo paiDpeamap pomainD, inant» pon ocupin céolireap D'a g-comlanrtijreapcomopbuple rupcbciil gacba cninpceDail,ocup up-riip cacha li-abiOpech; bali-eab ali-ainin-piOe Q cojaioe, rpe-uillecli, rpép a cuicfeap in 'Cpinoit)U]ie-peappan- acli; ocup ip uime po li-oipDneb i n-u]i-cup jacha li-aibiDpech, áp in ceo Duil po cpurhaijeapcap Oia X)'á Duilib, ip o Q po h-ainmni- ^eab .1. aingel a ainin; ocup in cet) oume ]io cpiirliaigeab t)no ip o Q po li-ainninigeab, .1. QDaiti a ainm pem; ocup Dno ba iip-rup iiplobpa aoctnrih, map poipjleap in r-vigDap. Qopainn, aopaim cu-pa a De, ceD 5ur QDaim, glan a gné; a^ aicpin Gba aille, ann do pinne a ceD gaipe. Uebeab d Rhapsody. Ricleapj: this word is modernized in Mac Morissy's copy to not given in any published Dictionary, i n-apoaib oipeaccaif, i. e. on heights or but it is explained by Peter Connell, " a hills of assembly. The word oipeaccap kind of extemporaneous verse." It ap- is still used in the North of Ireland to de- pears from various specimens of it given note an assembly or crowd of people. This in Irish romantic tales, that it was a short alludes to the meetings which the Irish rhapsody in some kind of metre, gene- held on hills in the open air, to which re- rally put into the mouths of poets and ference is frequently made in the old Eng- Druids while under the influence of the lish Statutes — See an extract from the Teinm Loeghdha or poetical inspiration. Privy Council Book (of 25 Eliz.), quoted ' Assemblage. — ^n aipoib oipeacraip, in Mr. Hardiman's Irish Minstrelsy, vol. 93 to view is, that the natiu'e and various mysterious meanings of sucli clear, pointed, and classical words might be stated and elucidated. " A poem for the animating bard," which we said above, means a poem, or ode, or rhapsody'', which is meet and lawful for bards and poets to recite on hills of assemblage', and places of meeting, and at general convocations, to exhibit and display' their knowledge and poetry. " A letter for every succession," which Ave said above, means the first letter, by Avhich succession is completed for raising every pro- ject, and the beginning of every alphabet; its name is the excellent, triangular A^, by which is understood [i. e. stjmboJized'\ the Trinity of Three Persons ; and it was ordained that it should be placed at the beginning of every alphabet, because the name of the fii'st creature of all the creatiu-es which God created was written by this letter, viz.. Angel; and the name of the first man that was created was represented by this letter A, viz., Adam; and it was the first of Adam's speech, as the author sets forth: "I adore, I adore thee, God, Was the first speech of Adam of fair aspect. On seeing; the beautiful Eva He lauffhed his first laui;h. Consideration ii. p. 159: "Item, he shall not assemble as it disguises the radix or original furm the Queen's people upon hills, or use any of the word. This omission of the radieal Ira a pip-eolaip, D'aipneip ocup D'poillpiujab Do cacli 50 coicceann. ^uman lac-pein na ceirpe corh-pocail po li-opDaijeaD in up-rup caca h-elaDna, ocup 1 ceD uapaiD caca camgni, ocup 1 nnnpceoal caca rpepa. Uaip ni gnarh rpeap gan cinnpceDal, na impcapan ^an uapcn'c, na opjain ^an uppojpa, na uapal-rpep jan aipijiu; ocup Din ip oipijDa, aigeanra, imcubaiD, Don ealabam pi, ocup ip Dilep, Din^bala, pep in rpep cuipmech cpén-poclac rojaibi pea, laiD d' uopair ocup Da up]'annuó, D' poilIpnijuD ocup d' pupogpa; oip Db^ib Dan Dupjab, Dbjib piop poillpiuj;ab, Db'jib pai paep plonnaD, Dbjib rpep cinnpgeDal. Cib cpa acr, ap ecm ip rojbail ocup a]- CinnpceDal Do'n rj\e\' arhnup, imcubaib, ujDapba, ollarh- anDa pa, imctpbaib einij ocui'enjnama ocup oipbecxpra na h-6penn D'lmpcib, ocup D'lmluab, ocup D'abrholab o pin amacb bo beciprci. Oip ^ Consideration before, commencing. — battle without a project." The word cmn- CebeoD pe cvif nnDpceaDcnl. The word pceaoal is explained " design, project," in rebeao, consideralion, is not given in this Peter Connell's Dictionary. For a list of sense in any Irish Dictionary, but it is the diiferent kinds of stories among the explained here hj the modern word pmu- ancient Irish the reader is referred to a ainiUD, to think or conceive. vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity Col- '^ Setting forth. — Ceo-uapciiD, more cor- lege, Dublin, (H. 3. 17.) p. 797, where it rectly written ceD-pudfaoiD in Mac Mor- is stated that the Irish poets had three issy's copy. — See Note f, svpra. hundred and fifty stories which they re- j Exordium Uaip ni jnác rpeap jan peated before kings and chieftains. ciniipceoal, " for it is not usual to have a ^ Prophesied. — Caippnjeprac rocliula 95 " Consideration before commencing\" which we said above, means tlie first conception of forming every rule for raising every project, even as the true and glorious God himself conceived the seven bright heavens, and the nine holy orders of angels, before he entered upon the prosperous work of six days. " Development for a proclaimer," which we said above, means every kind of knowledge which God distributed and poured out from the fountain of his true knowledge, for stating and explaining every thing to all in general. And tliese are the four maxims which were ordered to be placed at the commencement of every composition, and in the first setting forth' of every covenant, and in the beginning of every account of a battle ; for it is not usual to have a battle described without an ex- ordium', a hosting without a preamble, or a noble battle without a proem ; and it is just, natm^al, and proper in this scientific composi- tion, and it is meet and becoming in tliis excellent, mighty-worded battle, that poetry should set it off and animate it, that knotcledge should explain and proclaim it ; for it is the province of poetry to excite, of knowledge, to explain ; a noble ought to be nobly reported, and a battle ought to have a design. Wherefore the design and project of this lively, proper, classical, and poetical battle is to publish, celebrate, and laud from lienceforward the supporter of the hospita- lity, valour, and noble deeds of Erin ; for he was the prophesied" ele- vator nempac : caippii^eprac, signifies one were regarded as the greatest of their pro- whosf greatness, itc, had been predicted, phets, but tlieir Druids and poets were The Irish seem to have had prophecies also believed to have had the gift of pro- of this description among them from pliecy before the introduction of Christi- the earliest dawn of their history, and anity ; for the Druids are said to have pre- it appears that they were often intlu- dieted the coming of Saint Patrick, Finn enced liy them in their public movements. MacCumhaill was believed to have foretold The saints of the primitive Irish Church the birth and great sanctity of C'olumbkill, 96 Oip ba h-e j'Cin raiiipnjeprac cocbala Uempac, ocup iloanac ilcleapctc Uiynij, ocup blaic-bile bopppaoac bpeaj, cenn copnama ocup cabapca intipi lar-jlome Gpenn, ap uaill ocup ap ojpa, ocup ap ecualang eccpann, ocup ainpini ocup cdlmupctc. 5a li-e a co- rhainm-piuni ocup a coinplonnan ann]'0, oip Dlijió peancaió pen eolup ocuj< poicetieol net n-oipectc ocup na n-aipO-pij o'ctipneip, ocup o'piaónujaó, Do óeapbab, ocup Do beirhmujab, le pmnpepoib puaiceanca, j'aep-clanDa ; oip ara 6c( abbap o na h-oipcep Duinn paep plomnci poiceneoil na n-oipeac ocup na n-aipD-pi j D'aipnéip im an inDup pin, .1. Do compag cecu]', ocup Do corhnlurujaD a Tj-ccdpDeapa pe peirheap na pijpaiDe pempct, ocup Do cunnniujao a 5-capaDpa D'a 5-clann-buiDnib ceneoil, pe h-aipnéip a n-up-pcel Diet n-eip. and a Druid is introduced in the Book of tliL-ir deceased ancestors and becoming ac- Fenagh as foretelling the celebrity of Saint quainted with their virtues and honour- Caillin and his church of Fenagh, in the able transactions."- — Prefacetothe PeJiyree reign of Eochaidh Feidhlech, several cen- of General Richard G' Donovan of Buwnla- turies before the saint was born. han, hi/ John Collins of Mi/ross. MS. ' Two reasons Oip acá dú aóbcip. — '^ Fricmlshij) tio cuiiTiniuj;aó a 5-ca- A modern Irish antiquary has given better paopa, to commemorate thm friendship. reasons, for the utility of preserving fami- Though both copies agree in this, it is ly history, in somewhat clearer language, nevertheless most likely that the text has though much in the same style, in the been corrupted, and that the original read- following words: — "That a genealogical ing was do cuiTtiniu^ao a n-oipbeapca, history of families has its peculiar use is i. e. to co7nmemorate their noble deeds. This plain and obvious; it stimulates and ex- story seems to have been written for the cites the brave to imitate the generous ac- O'Canannans or O'Muldorys, the direct tions of their ancestors, and it shames the descendants of the monarch Domhnall, and reprobates both in the eyes of others and who were chiefs of the territory of Tir- themselves, when they consider how they counell till the beginning of the twelfth have degenerated. Besides, the pedigrees century, when they were put down by the of ancient families, historically deduced, O'Donnells, who had been up to that time, recal past ages, and afford a way to those with few exceptions, only petty chiefs of immediately concerned of conversing with the territory of Cinel Lughach. Another $7 vator of Tara ; tlie scientific, expert ncarrior of Uisnecli, the proud- blossomed tree of Bregia ; the liead of the defence and support of tlie fair-landed island of Erin, for his pride and bravery, and for his in- tolerance of adventiu-ers, strange tribes, and foreigners. His name and surname [«s aho his genealogy\ shall be given here; for the antiquary ought to declare and testiiy, prove and certify the ancient history and family nobility of the princes and monarchs, by specifying their august and noble ancestors ; for there are two reasons' for which it is necessary for us to recount the noble siu'names of the good families of the chieftains and monarchs in this manner, namely, in the first place, to unite and connect these families by their veneration for the reigns of the kings who preceded them, and \secomUy\ to remind the tribes sprung from those kings of their friendship", by rehearsing theii' noble stories after them. What family of great celebrity, Mac Gillafinnen, was also descended from this monarch, and, till the fifteenth century, were chiefs of Muintir Pheodachain, in the county of Fermanagh, where they are still numerous, but their name is Anglicised into Leonard, which disguises not only their royal de- scent, but even their Irish origin. That the O'Canannans and O'Muldorys were the chief lords of Tirconnell up to the year 1 197, when Eachmarcach O'Doherty as- sumed the chief sway, is proved by the concurrent testimony of all the Irish An- nals, in which the battles, deaths, and successions of the different princes of these families are recorded; and by the Topogra- phical Poem of O'Dugan, chief poet of Hy- Many, who died in the year 1372, where he speaks of those families as follows : IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. " Our journey is a journey of prosperity. Let us leave the lively host of great Macha ; Let us not refuse to wish good prosperity to that people, Let us make for the Cinel Conaill. They will come, — a journey of prosperity. The inhabitants of that rugged land will come To meet us at the Cataract of Aedh (Easroe) Which will be good luck to that people of fiery aspect. The O'Muldorys — if they were alive. Would come ; but they will not come I Without delay or slow assembly, To meet us, as would the O'Canannans. But these other will come — proud their lord, The Clann Dalaigh of brown shields ; To them by a sway which has not decayed Now belongs the hereditary chieftainship." o 98 5« cjiaeb coibnea]''a ay cuibbe do ceopcnujao, no ap oijiceapa t)'pimpaic, ná paep jeinealac poiceneoil an laic-rhileao D'a|i lab- liamaji nipgbail ocup nnnpceral a]i D-c|ieapa ma6 50 D-cpapca, .1. an pipen uapal, oipbnije, a poraip na pinearhna, ocupa lubjopc na laecpame, ocup a pperh-jég jaca plaicuipa, inut n-oiponenn oipeacap 6penn ocup Ctlban in aen inaD, .1. Oomnall, mac Qeoa, TTiic Qinniipec, mic Seona, niic pepgupae CennpoDa, mic Conaill ^ulban, 1T11C NeiU Nai-jiallaij, im nac aipmio i)5Daip occ aipij no aipn-pija 50 b-Qbarh n-oipDepc, n-il-clannac, o n-aintnnijrep Tjac aen. Qp e an c-Ctbarh pin cennnacc cinDre, coicceann, corh- olurab coca cpaibe coibneapa, ocup gnar-bile ^apDa, jeg-lebuip, jablonaigri gaca genealaij^, ocup ppiin-iopDat» poipbnu, pip-oileap, pocaijúi ^acba pojalca pine, ocup rainan rojaibe, caeb-pemac, ruinijri, pa racpaiD, ocup pa rimpaijiD cpaeb-pojla coicceanna caibniupa ruar, ocup reallacb, ocup r]ieb-aicmet) in ralman, 00- neoch po gem ocup jeinpep, o cec-cpurugan na cpuinne ocup Denina na n-t)ul, ocup noi n-jpab nirhe, anuap gup in laiche lan-opt»paic luan-acco]'anacb, 1 pegrap pipinne bpuinnci, bperearhanoa, bpec- puaplaicreach bpara ap pobain. Qcc ara ni cena, ip e in c-apt»-plaicli h-Ua Ctimnipec clirap t)ana cpaeb coibneapa po paiDpunnap poniamD, ipa gape, ocup Sninn, ocup gaipceb, ipa blab, ocup baib, ocup beobacc, ipa dor, ocup This shows that the O'Muldorys and of Westmeath. The O'Donnells do not O'Canannans had been dispossessed before descend from this monarch Domlinall, nor the period of O'Dugan. There is not one can they boast of descent from any of the of either name in Tirconnell at present, ten monarchs of Ireland who sprung from unless the latter be that which is now Conall Gulban, nor indeed from any later shortened to Cannon, but this the O'Don- than Niall of the Nine Hostages, who died nells deny. A few of the O'Muldorys, or in the year 404 ; and hence it is obvious, Muldarrys, as the name is now written, are that in point of royalty of descent they are still extant near Rathowen, in the county far inferior to O'Gallagher, who descends 99 What genealogical branch is fitter to be inquii-ed after, or more becoming to be set forth, than the noble genealogy of the heroic soldier to whom we have just now referred the design and project of our battle, namely, the noble and illustrious just man of the grove of the vines, and of the garden of heroism, and of the root-branch of every royal sway, in wliom the splendoiu" of Erin and Alba was con- centred, that is, Domhnair, the son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, son of Sedna, son of Fergus Cennfoda, son of Conall Gulban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, from whom authors recount none (i. e. no ge- neration) but princes or monarchs, up to Adam, the illustiious father of the various tribes from whom every one is named (sprung). This Adam is the certain universal head which connects every genealogical branch, and the only beautifid wide-branching trunk in every genea- logy, and the genuine ancient founder and basis of every ramifying tribe, and the excellent solid stock of branching sides, in which unite and meet all the genealogical ramifications of the peoples, families, and tribes of the earth which have been, or will be born, from the first creation of the universe and formation of the elements, and of the nine orders of heaven, down to that notable day of the general judg- ment, when the truth of the sentence of the redeeming Judge, passed upon them all, shall be seen proved. Howbeit, the monarch, the grandson of Ainmire, whose genealogy we have given above, is the prince whose renown and achievements, and feats, Avhose fame, valour, and vigoiu-, whose celebrity, profession, and from the monarch Cellach, the son of Mael- 704, who was grandson of the monarch cobha, as well as to O'Canannan, O'Mul- Domhnall, the hero of this tale See dory, and Mac Gillafinnen, who descend Notes E and F, at the end of this volume, from Flahertach, who was monarch of Ire- " Domhnull. — See pedigree of king land so late as 734, whose father, Loing- Domhnall, at the end of this volume, Note sech, was monarch from the year 695 to A. O2 lOO ocup cei]it), ocu)' coni|iac, ipct Ivaj, ocup ecc, ocup aipo-jnionipao, inDipcep ann po bo Deapra, ic cectpapgain a cuar, ic Dipgao a Ourcupo, ic imoejail Gpenn op pojail ocup ap ecrpann, ap cojab eaccpann ocu]' ainpine, ocup allinupach. Oip ip e aipnno ujoai]! IT! aDaij po li-upmaiper) op Oomnall Do t)i]i5ur) ocup oo oiponeb i n-oipechup Gperin, op i pin abaij po h-aencoijit) no h-oipecca, ocup po racaijit) na cuoclia, ocup cinnic no coiccpicha, po ceann- paigic na cechepna, po Dicuiprea na Oibeapjaij, po baijic na bibbanoip, po h-arcuipiD na li-ainpea]'a, po ceiliD na claen-bpeara; cona6 í pin 06015 arcup coca h-uilc, ocup mopfo caca TTiairiupo. dec cena, po poilrnig Dno m c-oep, ocup po pernaijepcoip no jieonno, guji bailpec no t)uile pocpaijeci: ip na pianoib, jup caib- leaó, ocup jup ceapaloD poillpe jpeine, 00 jopob ocup Do jlanaó goca 5pian pope; conaó De pin po bpojj^or no bpuige bopppaóa ambipij, po poipbpeorap na h-eora ocup no li-ojibono, mop ba locc-jenup cuinijn popmno coco puinn; po ropmoijecop no coipre CO noc puilnjinp popmnaoo popjoblanno piobboiD poraifc, pe meD coca inop-mepo jup ub Do bópp a boi]>e no iTnoineob each aejoipe peip caca piDbaiDi, pe mollacc caca muicrpeoic; po mecaó blicc cacho bo-ceorpo, pe poplechni po pop popmna pep-clocrmapa, blornioige ° The sky then hecame cheering — Ro Sjeir gac lan-ropaio pe a linn pailcni5 ona in c-aep. — It was a belief 'Sjac leic o'pún-colaij pheiolim. among the ancient Irisli that when their monarch was worthy of his high dignity Ir 1 D-ralirmin, copcuip cuan, their seasons were favourable, and that the Sipc u pporaiB, pin nerii-puap, land, seas, and rivers yielded rich produce. Qije u cú acap caipre peo; This is alluded to by TeigeMac Dary, chief 6e'p B-plaic-ne cpu 50 o-cuillcep. poet of Thomond, in the Inauguration Ode of Donogh O'Brien, fourth Earl of Tho- í,ínpaiD pop, mao peippoe leip, mond, in the following lines: Spera luccrhapu loingeip, " Qj lenrhuin pij oo'n pecc cnip Cpacc inBeipre an rhapa riiin ; Cicc upip, pijoa an eoail, liaj" T I'll^t^pee o' upo-pi5." lOI and combat, whose prowess, activity, and high deeds of arms, in pro- tecting his territories, ruHng his patrimonial inheritance, and defend- ing Erin aijainst the inroads of adventurers, and against the attacks of adventiu'ers, strange tribes, and foreigners, are narrated hencefor- ward. For autliors relate, that the night on which it was resolved that Domhnall should rule and be elected to the sovereignty of Erin, was the night on which the assemblies were united, the tribes were cemented, the boimdaries were fixed, the kernes became tame, the insiu'gents were expelled, the thieves were suppressed, ignorance was exploded, and partial judgments were discontinued; so that that was the night of suppressing every evil and of exalting every good. In short, the sky then became cheering" and the planets benign, so that the elements communicated mildness to the seasons, and the rays of the sun became bright and genial, to warm and piu'ify every svinny bank ; hence it happened that the rough, unprofitable farms became productive, the crops and corn increased as if the bosom of each land were a lactiferous udder. The fruits so increased that they could not be propped up by forked supporters of wood, in consequence of the size of each fruit ; so that with the palms of his hands the swineherd was used to diive the swine of each forest, in consequence of their unwieldiness. The milk of every cow became rich on ac- count Thus faithfully translated by Theophi- A iiostro principe quod tempestive meru- lus O'Flanigan: antur. " Assequens regem recti regiminis Implebunt adhuc, si melius illi videatur, Venit iterum, (regium est lucrum), Series densa; navium Diffusio cujuscunque copiosi-productus, ^^'^ portuum placidi maris ; illius tempore, Optio quod optauda est supremo-regi." In uuaquaque parte declivis collis Feilimii. Trails. Gaelic Soc. vol. i. pp. 12, 13. Ubertas glebse, proventus portuum. This belief also prevails among the eas- . Pisces in fluminibus, tempestates sereiiK, tern nations, whence, no doubt, it found its Apud eum sunt, et fructus arborum, way into Ireland at a very early period. I02 blatmai^e cacri biun^e ; po b]nicrpara]i eapj-'a, ocuj' aibne, ocup inbepa na li-G|ienn mu]i b|uicca inea|ia, mai^peaca, mipjletiianaca, cacha moiii eipc, co nac cuilleab ocii]' noc cacmaingeao i n-iccap aibeipi na abann, i locaib no i linnrib, no i loc-rip|iacaib lán-Ooim- nib, CO m-biDip na O-caipeanOaib cajicaije, caeb-riopma, ap japb- aoaib jlaTi-poillpi, ocup ap paircib paen-cpacr, ocup ap bopDaib bpuoc-poillpi blarli-mobep. Ocup Do bai n'peabup aimpipe an apt)-plara li-ui Ctinniipech, 50 puabpaoaip pojnarhaij na peapann jan peióm, gan obaip, 5an apadiap, jan rpealarh, jan racap, jan rpebaipecc tio rpiall, no t)0 rint^pceoal, man bat) poipéicean a n-aipeac ocup a n-aipopij '5a popconjpab op]io, pe ppe]xal a pleb, ocup a puipec placa, ppi pipinne ct b-plaireapa. Uchan ! po b' upupa t)'á h-airnió ocup d'ó li-anairni6 6pe t)'nTi- luaó ocup o'aicijiD ip in aniipip pin, pe piajal.rcfcc a peer, ]ie pirarhlacc a pUiaj, ocuy pe paitipacacr a pi'on, ]ie ]i-oipni6ecc a li-oippi^, pe bpeir-ceipr a bpeirearhan, pe pocoipcire a poircepn, pe li-ilbanaiji a li-olkoiian, pe pefearhlacr a pileab, pe h-il-glep n h-oippiDeac, pe lo]^-bpij;mai]ie aleaja, pe coinDipcbje a cepDaó, pe 5pep-rapbai je a gobann, pe peol-jnimaije a poep, pe boj- nK(IlDC(cr abancuipe, pe rpeipi ocup pe caippije a cpiar, jie peile ocup pe pailnje a pip-bpujat) ; uaip pob]'ac boga, biabuiopa, bo- céaDaca a bpugaba; pobpar piala, paippinje a poipjnearha, pop- plaicre fThelahourersofihesoil,SfC The -writer Arbuteos foetus, niontanaque fraga lege- seems to have had Ovid's description of bant, the golden age in view when he wrote this Cornaque, et in duris hserentia mora rii- description of the prosperity and happi- betis, ness of Ireland in the reign of king Domh- Et qua; deciderat patula Jovis arbore glan- nall : des. " Ipsa qiioque immunis, rostroque intacta Ver erat aeternum ; placidiqiie tepentibus nee ullis auris Saucia vomeribus, per se dabat omnia tellus. Mulcebant Zephyri natos sine semine floras. Contentique cibis nullo cogeute creatis, Mox etiam fruges tellus inarata ferebat. 103 count of the degree to which tlie grassy and flowery surface of every farm grew. The cataracts, rivers, and harbours of Erin poinded forth sucli shoals of every kind of lively, salmon-hke, slippery great fish, that they could not fit or get room on the bottoms of the seas and rivers, lakes, ponds, and deep pools, but were to be seen in dried and shrivelled multitudes on the bright shores, sloping strands and mai- gins of the bright and beautiful harbours. And it happened, i'rom the goodness of the weather in the reign of the monarch, the grand- son of Ainmire, that the labourers of the soiP would not have deemed it necessary to attend to laboiu-, work, ploughing, utensils, gathering, or tillage, were it not that their cliieftains and kings commanded and compelled them to do so, for suppljdng their own banquets and royal feasts to prove the worthiness of their reigns. Ah me ! it were easy for one acquainted or unacquainted with Erin to travel and frequent her at this period, in consequence of the goodness of her laws, the tranquility of her hosts, the serenity of her seasons, the splendour of her chieftains", tlie justice of her Brehons, the regularity of her troops, the talents of her Olaves, the genius of her poets, the various musical powers of her minstrels, the botanical skill of her physicians, the art of her braziers, the useful workman- sliip of her smiths, and the handicraft of her carpenters ; in conse- quence of the mild bashfulness of her maidens, the strength and prowess of her lords, the generosity and hospitality of her good Brughaidhs \_victuallers^ ; for her Brughaidhs were geneious and had Nee renovatus ager graridis canebat ai-istis stantly used l:iy O'Dugan, in his Topogra- Flumina jam lactis, jam flumiiia nectaris pliical poem, and by others, in the sense of ibaut : petty chief"; that is, a chief who was sub- Flavaque de viridi stillabaut ilice mella." ject and tributary to another. It is a so ' Splendour of her chieftains Oippij, used in this sense by some of the early sub-chiefs This word is not given in any English writers of the History of Ireland, printed Ii-ish Dictionary, but it is con- by whom it is written urriagh. 104 j^aicre aji cinn cliap ocuy* coinneam, 7;iieap ocup jlarh ocuy jpuam aióeaíi; giiji ab eaó aiprhiD ii^Daiii, co n-nneocao ein-becin Gpe 'na h-aenap, jan ejla puaclutb, na popecin pnippe, jen 50 ni-beic piaba ajn popcoimet), men ba eagia égna, no ifimpam, o rha Op- jleann laf-cticenca Urhaill, 1 n-iaprap coijeab Connacr, co Cap- paic n-oipoeipc n-ionDcomajiraij n-Gojain lap n-aipreap, ocup o Imp poD-jloin poirpeainai^, pepuaine Pail, pip-Deipcepcaij banba bopD-5loine,5upannn-buinDe m-bopb-cnij, m-bpaenpaoach.ni-bpec- linnreach in-biiaDa, inunD pon ocup jiipp in ppeib ppiir-gknn, pnecraiji, pip-jccpecraij, puaicnig, i^eai'Oanctig, pluaj-bpatianaig, poinemaiI,]^ein-t)ileanDa,ocinao ainm aipO]iaic,aicenra, 6QSS apD- mop mcli-glan, impeapnach, ruirmecli, raipm-rpen cinDeapnach, Tnep]iDa, maigpecli, mup-biapcach, upopaic, aipcpech, lapc-penrnip, ppeb-C)K(n,ppiirh-bopb,paeb-coiiiec,]ii50n,parmnp,pon-riipcaiprech r?UQlOb ; ocup caipip pein bo ruaio, nicipct Ueinne bic in bpogub, no "i One woman Keating has the same anecdote in his account of the reign of his favourite monarch Brian Boru, as autho- rity for which he quotes the following quatrain from an old Irish poem: "O Chopui^ 50 Clioona caif, Ip pall oip aici pe o h-aip, Q b-plair 6hpicim caoiB-jil nap rim, t)o rimcill aeii Bean ©ipnin." Gratianus Lucius, in his Latin transla- tion of Keating (MS. penes Edit), has the following words : — " Adeo accuratá regni administratione ac severa discipliná Bri- anus usus est, ut foeminam unam ab aqui- lonari Hiberniee plagá ad australem pro- gressam annulum aureum in propatido gestantem nemo attingere vel minima vio- latione afficere ausus fuerit." On this anecdote Moore composed his celebrated ballad, " Rich and rare were the gems she wore." •' Osgleann in Unihall, the name of a valley in the west of the county of Mayo. Umhall, the ancient principality of the O'Mailleys, was co-extensive with the ba- ronies of Burrishoole and Murresk, in the west of the county of Mayo. * Carraic Eoghain. — Situation not known to the Editor. ' Inis Fail. — Inch, in the barony of Shelmaliere, in the county of Wexford, was anciently called by this name. " Eas Riiaidh. — This wordy description of the cataract of Eas Euaidh affords a good example of what was considered the sublime by the writers of Irish romantic I05 had abundance of food and kine ; her habitations were hospitable, spacious, and open for company and entertainment to remove the hunger and gloom of guests ; so that authors record that one woman'' might travel Erin alone without fear of being violated or molested, though there should be no witnesses to guard her (if she were not afraid of the imputations of slander) from the well-known Osgleann^ in Umhall, in the west of the province of Connaught, to the cele- brated remarkable rock of Carraic Eoghain,^ in the east [of Erin], and from the fair-siufaced, woody, grassy-green island of Inis Fail', ex- actly in the south of Banba [Ireland] of the fair margin, to the fvurious, headlong, foaming, boisterous cascade of Buadh, which is the same as the clear-watered, snowy-foamed, ever-roaring, particoloured, bel- lowing, in-salmon-aboimding, beautiful old torrent, whose celebrated, well-kno^\^l name is the lofty-gi'eat, clear-landed, contentious, preci- pitate, loud-roaring, headstrong, rapid, salmon-ful, sea-monster-ful, vary- ing, in-large-fish-abounding, rapid-flooded, fiuious-streamed, whirling, in-seal-abounding, royal, and prosperous cataract oíEasRuaidh", and thence tales ; the reader may compare it with Vir- very loud, vehement, and grand, especially gil's description of Charybdis ; and with when the tide is out, in consequence of Mac Pherson's wild imagery, throughout the great volume of water rolled down the his poems of Ossian, that he may perceive rock, the river being the outlet of the how the latter, whUe he adopted the great chain of lakes called Lough Gowna, images, chastened the language of the old Lough-Oughter, and the Upper and Lower Gaelic bards. The cataract of EasRuaidh Lough Erne. It is described as foUows, is mentioned in the Irish Triads as one of in O'DonncU's Life of St. Columbkille, as the three great waterfalls of Ireland, and translated by Colgan : one would be apt to infer from this exag- " Ad Eruiaj marginem pervenit (Co- gerated description, that it was as stupen- lumba) celebrem illam spectaturus seu dous as the falls of Niagara. It is on the cataractam seu rupem vulgo JEas Ruaidk Eiver Erne, in the town of Ballyshannon, appellatam: de cujus pra?rupta crepidine in the south-west of the county of Donegal, totus isvastusquefluviusseseinsubjectum and though not a high fall of water, is alveum prscipiti casu magnoque fragore IRISH AECH. SOC. 6. P io6 no t»a ITlat) mil Inninnpije, co cpaclic popraib ca]iiTi-c)iuail)e cae|'c-t)ib|iaicreca Uo]iai5e a\\ rimi]'ce]ic. ^up ob t)o reay^molcaib cigeimaif ocup T)'int)coiiiajira aimpipe gan élnet), ocup oipeacaip gan ainpinne, in a]io-placa 1i-ui Qinmi- pecli anuap conige pein. Ni]i b'lnjnao annpeaii i n-inoapein 05 li-uct Qmmipech, 6p Oo h-U]iniaifel) pen paepijoa, pomearhail, oo'n a]it)-plaicli ocup t>' Gpinn 1 corhpac pe ceile: uaiii ip e anD po uaip ociij' aimpeap, ocup aip eapcai, ocup paep-laichi peaccmame, in po h-oipOneo in c-apt)-plair1i, h-ua Qinmipech, 1 n-oipecup na h-Gpeann, .1. 1 nnn- pjeaDal in cpenp cat>ai]i corhlaine t)o'n o^-lairhi aijeanca, 1 popbra in oapnah-uaip r)éa5t)eappp^nairhi in caem-laiclu ceona, ocup 1 TTieaóon míp TTlai, ocup ba Oia Oomnaij Dapain ap ai laiche peccrhaine, ocup in oll-cui5et) rieaj-ai'p eipgi ap j^in. Oip ingurgitat." — T?-ins Thau. p. 404. Ac- is first referred to as the stronghold of the cording to the Four Masters (ad A. M. Fomorians, or African pirates, who made 4518) this cataract was called Eas Aodlia many descents on the coasts of Ireland, at Euaidh, i. e. the cataract of Aodh Riiadh a period so far back in the night of time, Mac Badhuirn, who was drowned under that it is now impossible to bring chrono- it in the year of the world 45 1 8. See logy to bear upon it. In the accounts of also O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part iii. c. 36. these pirates it is called Tor-inis, or the ' Teinne Bic in Broglia, was in the pre- island of the tower; but in the lives of St. sent county of Donegal, but the name is Columbkille, and other tracts, it is always now forgotten. called Torach, i. e. towery, as in this tale, " Madh Ininnrighe This name is also and the inhabitants of the opposite coasts forgotten. of Donegal believe that it has derived this " Water-sJwotbig. — popcaib caepc-oiub- name from the tower-like cliff's by which paicrecha Uopai je, water-shooting cliiFs it is guarded against the angry attacks of of Tory. This island is situated in the the mighty element. This seems to be the sea, about nine mdes from the nearest coast correct explanation of this latter name, for of thebaronyofKilmacrenan, in the county there are many lofty, isolated rocks on the of Donegal. It is one of the earliest places opposite coast, called by the natives tors, mentioned in the Bardic Irish history, and or towers, and a remarkably lofty one on IC7 thence northwards by Teinne Bee an Brogliadh\ or by the great phxin of J\ladhlninnrighe", to the loud-roaring, Avater-shooting'' cliiis of Tory. Thus far the ardent praises of the reign of the monarch, the grandson of Ainmire, and the signs of tlie seasons icliicli were with- out fouhiess, and his splendoiu- -without a storm. It was no wonder that the times were thus in tlie reign of the grandson of Ainrnke, for the noble, happy prosperity of this monarch and of Erin were ordained together. For this was the hour, time, age of the moon, and day of the week, on which the grandson of Ainmire, the monarch, was inaugurated into the sovereignty of Erin, viz., in the beginning of the third quarter of the bright day, at the expiration of the twelfth hour of the same day, in the middle of the month of May, and as to the day of the w^eek, it was on Sunday, and the great fifth was the auspicious age of the moon". Time often beard at the Giant's Causeway, in the county of Antrim. From all wliich it is evident that the writer of the Battle of Magh Ratli was well acquainted with this coast, and it is highly probable that he was a native of Tirconnell ; and that he wrote the story to flatter the pride of the ancient chiefs of that principality, the O'Muldorys and O'Canannans, the direct descendants of the monarch Domhnall, its hero. 1 Affí' of the moon t)eaj-aip eii'ji. — The word oecij is here evidently an adjec- tive qualifying the noun aip, age, and signi- fies good, happy, or auspicious ; it is evi- dently purely expletive. The month of May having thirty-one days, "the middle of the month" will be the 1 5th day, " at the expiration of the twelfth hour of the day." And since this day, as our author tells us, 2 the east side of the island itself, called Ter- mor, or the great tower. But though this is the true interpretation of its more mo- dern name, Torach, still I am convinced that it was also called Tor-inis, i. e. Tower Island, from a Cyclopean tower or fort erected on it at a very remote period, of which no vestige is now traceable, and not, as some have supposed, from St. Columb- kille's Cloigtheach, or ecclesiastical round tower which still remains. The epithet caey^c-DiuBpatcrecha, above applied to the cliíTs on the opposite coasts of this island, is truly descriptive, as there are many hollow rocks amongst them which shoot up the water to an amazing height. There is one in particular called Mac Swyne's Gun, which shoots the water with so much force, and roars so loudly, that it is io8 Oi|i ip amlait) y^o ponailrep in ainipeap o aOam co liaimpep: .1. o aoain in opcinc, a h-oy>rinc i m-b]iara, a biictra i pa]ip, a papp 1 niinuir, a niinuic i ponjr, a pongc in uaip, a h-iiaip i caoap, a caoap i Uairi, a lain i peccniain, a peccmain i mip, a niip i rpeimpi, a cpeimpi i im-bliaóain, a bliabam i paegul, a paesul i n-aeip. 1p amlait) cnipcep each ana cell o'pojlacaib na li-aimpipe, .1. pe li-aDainn Ixx. ap rpi ceaoaib in opcinc, opcinc co leic 1 m-bpoca, bpaca ocup Da cpian bpaca 1 papp, papp 50 leich 1 minúic, oa minuic 50 leic 1 pone, ceirpi puinc 1 n-uaip, ui. huaipe 1 caoap, ceicpi caDaip 1 llaici, 1111. lain 1 peaccinain, cpica laici, no láici ap rpicaio, in cadi mi, ace ginmoca ocr-piccecli peabpa nama. ConaD e pin ecepceapc na h-aimpipe. CiD paDa paiceillcaca pellpuim, ocup inpiji gaca IvugOaip, ic poiUpiujvit) gaca pip, ocup ic plonnuD gaca pencaip, ip eab inDpaijeap gup in mat» cinnci, coicceann, cpur-poclac céaona. Ip e in c-apD-plaich o IvQinmi- pech, Dm, ip inaD ocup ip inneoin pocaijn onpa a cejlaig y^ein mpije jacli eolaip, ocup báipe bpeac-poluip gaca bpéirpe gap pagparn ocup gap pocaigpem pnac-peim puioign gaca pencaip Dap cupgbamap maD gup rpapca. Qcc cena, po hoi Gpi gan impnim aigi-pein, ocup Uemoip gan co-cpÓD, ocup Uaillcegan cupbpoD, ocup Uipnec gan éllneo, ocup apD-cuigib was Sunday, and the 5 th of the moon, the for this subdivision of the hour have been Dominical letter of the year must have been collected and discussed. B., and the new moon must have fallen on * WMniit sadness. — Cemaip jan ro- the tenth of the month. These criteria cpao. By Teamhair is here meant the chief indicate A. D. 628, the date assigned by seat of the monarch, for the place called all our chroniclers to the commencement Teamhair or Tara, had been deserted from of the reign of king Domhnall. the timeof themonarchDermot, A.D. 563, ^ Division of time See note D at the as we have already seen. end of the volume, in which the authorities '' TailUe, now Tel town, (from the geni- log Time is thus divided, from an atom to an age, viz., from an atom to an ostent, from an ostent to a bratha, from a bratha to a part, from a part to a minute, from a minute to a point, from a point to an hour, from an hour to a quarter, from a quarter to a day, from a day to a week, from a Aveek to a month, from a month to a season, from a season to a year, from a year to a secuhim, from a secidum to an age. And thus are the different divisions of time proportioned to each other, viz., three hundred and seventy-six atoms in an ostent, one ostent and a-half in a bratha, one bratha and two-thirds in a part, one part and aiialf in a minute, two minutes and a-half in a point, four points in an horn', six hours in a quarter, foiu- quarters in a day, seven days in a week, thirty or thirty-one days in a month, except Febru- ary alone, which has only twenty-eight. Such is the proper division of time^. Tliough long may be the morahzing of every philosopher, and the digression of every histo- rian, in elucidating every kind of knowledge, and relating every history, they aim at one fixed, general, definite point. The grandson of Ainmire, the monarch, then, is the theme and principal subject of all the knowledge, and the bright scope of every word which we have written and formed in the series of narrating each anecdote which Ave have hitherto set do\\m. To proceed. Erin was without sadness*, Tara Avas Avithout afflic- tion, Taillte'' without misfortune, Uisnech'' without corruption, and the tive raillcen) ; it is situated on the River August, which is supposed to be a kind of Sele, or Blackwater, midway between Kells continuation of the ancient sports of Taill- and Navan, in the county of East Meath. tenn. Public fairs and games were anciently cele- "^ Uisnech, now Usnagh Hill, in tlie brated here on the first of August, in the parish of Killare, barony of Rathconrath, presence of the monarch, and a patron is and county of Westmeath, where public still annually held here on the fifteenth of fairs were annually held, in ancient times I lO apo-cuijit) Gpeann gan e|'uppan, o'n aioci |ia Vi-arcii]ieat) 6piu ayi li-iia Qinniijiec, 511]^ in aiOci po innpepnaijepci)]! Gonial Claen, mac Scannlain Sciarli-lerain, a Oalra ppi Oorhnall oóir-lebaip Oaipe, iiTib Oeicbeip na Da n-uj n-upcoiDecli n-aniparmap n-aiDgiU, .1. 115 cipci ceipi, clum-pimibi, concpacca, ociip coimpeipc geoib glan- popgamij, cpép ap' abrhilleD 6pi ; op 56 Do baDnp aDbal cuipi eli ic Congal 'man comepgi yin, .1. im DibaD a Deipci, ocup im cpic- eaj'baiD a cingiD, ip é imrnúD in iiije pin ba Deapa Do-pum Gpi D'pájbáil, jiip rinoil ocup gup cocapcail óg-piogpaiD Qlban, ocup baer-buiDni bpecan, ocup plimg-neapc Saxan, ocup pojijla Ppangc ocup pmD-^all, 50 h-Gpinn, D'á h-abmilleD, D'aiuhe a epanopa, ocup DO Digail a Deipci, ocup a DimiaDa ap Doninall; gup ob 'man aóbup pin po innpaijpeD a cell co cpunn-lHaj Comaip pipi paicep TTlaj puaiD-linDcec l?ach; gu pabaDap ]'é paep-laichi na pecc- maini 15 imguin, ocup 15 imbualab ann, gup po comrpomaigrea a cneaDa; op ba 1i-inmeapra a n-eapbaDa jup in TTlaipc mipcnij, mallaccaig, im-DOnaij, inapmapbaD Congal Claen, mac ScanDlain Sciarlearain. Imchupa m apo-plara h-ui Qinmipech, 00015 rDoipci pia maiDm coc TTlhuiji puob-linnnje Rocli, ciD cio po coDail co poDoil, ocup co puon-rpom, pe cliafoib cpirpe, cuiboi, compoiceco ciuil, ocup pe péipib íple, accpuoga, oilgeono oippiDec, ni]i b'e in c-apD-plaic on the first of May — See CFlaherty's Domhnall, resided before he presented the Ogygia, p. iii. cap. 56, reign of Tuathal. place to St. Columbkille ; but this cannot See also Ordnance Map of the parish of Kil- be true, for that saint had founded a lare, where the ancient remains on Usnagh monastery at Derry, in the year 546, be- Hill are shown. fore the monarch Aedh was of age. It ^ Domhnall of Derry Daire, now Der- is not to be presumed that king Domhnall ry, or Londonderry, where, according to had a residence at Derry, becaiise he is O'Donnell, in his Life of St. Columbkille, called " of Derry,'''' in this story, for he is the monarch Aedh, the father of this also called of Tara, of Uisnech, of Dun Ill the gi-eat provinces of Erin without disturbance, from the night on which Erin was placed under the guidance of the grandson of Ain- mire, until the night on which his foster-son, Congal Claen, the son of Scannlan of the Broad Shield, quarrelled with the same long- palmed Domhnall of Derry'', about the difference of the two ominous, unlucky, evdl-boding eggs, namely, the egg of a blackish red-feathered hen of malediction, and the egg of a fine-feathered goose, through which the destruction of Erin was wrought : for although Congal had other great causes for that rebellion, such as the loss of his eye, and the circumscribing of his province, still it was the spite for that egg that induced him to quit Erin, so that he assembled and mus- tered the young princes of Alba, the vain troops of Britain, the forces of Saxonland, and the greater part of the forces of France and Fin- gal?, and brought them into Erin to destroy it, to revenge the loss of his eye, and the dishonoirr which he had received, on Domhnall. So that it was for this reason they met each other on the plain oi' Magh Comair, which is now called Magh Rath of the Red Pools ; where they remained for the six full days of the week striking and wound- ing, dvmng which their wounds were equal, for their wants were not considerable, until the unfortunate, cm-sed, unlucky Tuesday on which Congal Claen, the son of Scannlan of the Broad Shield, was slain. As to the monarch grandson of Ainmu'e, on the night of Tues- day before the battle of the red-pooled plain of Magh Rath was won, though some may have slept agreeably and soundly, being lulled to rest by the thrilling, agreeable, and symphonious musical strings, and by the low, moui'nful, soft strains of minstrels, the monarch grandson Baloir, &c., where lie never resided See Kngall the Irish at this period meant Pedigree of king Domhnall, at the end of Finland, but this is far from lieing certain, this volume. — See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part iii. c. « Fiw^a//.— OTlaherty thinks that by 56. I 12 c-apD-plair li-ua li-QiniTnpec po cooail, ]ie ceipr in cara, ocnf pe liimj^nirh na h-ipjaile; iiaip ha h-oi)iire ley in aijio-pig a b|nin-Dolra bame Do b|ion-ciU5-bá6Ú5 báip ap na bápach. ConaO aipe pin po epig CO li-arlam a moch-Deaóoil na maiDne TTlaipri inoipe maiDm- ije, ic bpeacoD, ociip ic bán-poillpnigaó an aip Do'n la lán-pohiip, comaD he ceo ni ac ciclipeaD jpip-rairneni na gpéne ic jlan-poill- piujaó óp bopt)-iTíilib in beafa, rpe Deij-ipip ocup rpe oeg-cpeiDem, Opec-pollpigci na Diabacca ciiigrep cpm eolup, ocup rpia eagnai- óecr, a glan-puirnib na jpéne. Ip ann pin po ejiij; in gpian glan-apo, gpip-raifneamac, oppep- lannaib popr-jlana ppim-peDi in ppepip caeb-glain, rabnanca, ic apjnarh pe peol-iicraclioib paijnirip pnap Do conipoiUpiiigaD na cechapaipDi, irip na Da c]iip a]iDa, ainbceanaca, oijpeca, uapDa, Dap h-opDaijeaD na ponnpaoaib popcenjail Dap caeb-imlib in bera, Do rpaeraD rpen-bpiji reapaijecca in cpeapa raiDlij ceinncije, po cumaD ocup po cumDaijeD Dap ceapr-meaDon r^a cpuinne, ocup ip amlaiD acaic pein ocup Da cpip min-glana, niep- paigri, na mop-cimcell pe polucru^aó na pin luip im-aijbéli na h-uapDacca ocup rponi-neirhniji na cemnnjecca. Qcc ceanna, ip ap in por ópD, aibniD, paipj-inj, poplearan, inmeDonac, peirhep 5pian a]\ gpip-peannaib japb-bjipcreca, gepfecrea jealain, ocup Da Deg-pinD Dec Doib-pein, ocup xxx. papu, no popr a:[\ xxx. in cac pinD, ace cenmora aen pinD, ocup aquaip a aintn-pein, ocup occ- pichcecb é, muna bipex in bliabain, ocup niaD bbabain bipex ip nai-piccech f Radiant countenance of the Divinity, — some acquaintance with the ancient Roman i. e. religion and philosophy lead us to in- or Ptolomean system of Astronomy : he fer the existence of God from the splendour may possibly have had before him the lines of the sun. of Ovid : i Frigid xones loip naoacpip ópoa. — " Utque duaj destra coelum, totidemque From this it appears that the writer had sinistra '13 grandson of Ainmii'e slept not, in consequence of the weight of the battle and the anxiety of the conflict pressing on his mind; for he was certain that his own beloved foster-son would, on the mor- row, meet his last fate. Wherefore he went forth vigorously, early on the great Tuesday of the defeat, when the morning was streak- ing and illuminating the eastern sky, and the first object he beheld was the glowing bright face of the sun shining over the borders of the world, in whose rays, through good faith and good religion, through knowledge and wisdom, the more radiant countenance of the Divinity*^ is understood. Then the bright-lofty, fiery-disked sun rose over the fair-banked, unobstructed horizon of the earth, moving with foresails, and up- rising to illuminate the foui- quarters of the world, between the two high, stormy, frozen, frigid zoues^, which were fixed as fastening hoops around the extremities of the world, to moderate the great torrid force of the bright fiery circle which was fastened about the middle of the world. Next to these are two fine temperate zones, to moderate the seasons between the intensity of the cold, and the ex- treme sultriness of the heat ; but the sun moves on the high, beau- tiful, wide, broad, middle circle, through fiery divisions of scorching lightning, which are twelve in number, each consisting of thirty or thirty-one parts, except one called Aquarius, which consists only of twenty-eight, unless the year be a bissextile one ; but if the year be a bissextile one, then it consists of twenty-nine. The sign, through which the sun was travelling the day on which the Ultonians were defeated Parte secant zoniE, quinta est ardentior illis : lis sestu ; Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem Nix tegit alta duas: totidem inter utram- Cura Dei: totidemque plagae telliire pre- que locavit muntur. Temperiemque dedit, mista cum frigore Quarum quíB media est, non est habitabi- flamma." IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. Q TI4 nai-piccecli; ociiy if é pint) np a iiejiaini 5Jiion in Irtire pn pinD criein-polaif Chairigcjiech. Uai|i m i.\". an lain n pair pampaiD Do piinpaD pm, ocup occ cal. luil Do pain, ocii]' TTIaipc ap paep lain peccmuine, ocup coijeab picerc aip epci. Ip Í pin uaip ocu)> annj'eap poeipgirap Da comapca caiDi, coic- cenDa, cpuraijn, cuiriDacra, ip ciiibDi, ocup ip copmaili, ocup ip comlaine puapaoap ujDaip pe h-innramlujan pe c( céile, ocup Delb- comapfa Dilep, Dingnafoch, Dpech-pollpijci na Diaóacca, inunD pon ocup jpip-aijeD 5puaD-polup, jlan-eDpochr, jpip-caicnemac gpene, ic epji 1 n-uillinD ingancaij, examail, oippcip-Depcipr na h-lnnia, n'opphigciD niiDopaip o poipc, ocup a paDaipc, ocup a pij-poillpi, DO lejuD a loipi, ocup a lappac, ocup a lomnpigi pa r]ieabaib, ocup pa ruaraib, ocup pa rlacr-cpichcnb in ralrhan. Ocup Din aijeD aobal, opcapDa, popleranin aipD-pig, h-ui Qinmipec co n-jpip, ocup CO n-jlaine, ocup co n-ct jpuaD-poillpi. Co n-a peiDi ocup co n-ct puicin, ocup CO n-a popcaipDi, co n-a cpuch, ocup co n-a caime, ocup CO n-a coinlaine, co n-a pnuaD, ocup co n-a paipe, ocup co n-a pomaipi. Co n-a h-ai'b, ocup co n-a háilb, ocup co n-a li-opcap- Dacr, CO n-a DeirbepeaD, co n-a DellpaD, ocup co n-a DeappcnujctD Do Dpechaib Dijpaipi, Dafanila, Delb-comapracha DaenDacra in Doinoin, ap n-epji ap m uillinD mr-jlain, aijeapfa, lapfap-ruaip- cepcaig na 1i-6oppa, i coinoail ocup i comaippi jnuipi gpuab-poillpi 5péne, Do cpeiDium co coinlan, ocup Do compejaD a cupaile. Nip pupailaimDo'n apD-plaicD'ua Qinmipec, 50 po beappcnaige a Delb oa cac Delb, ocup 50 po cinneD a cpur, ocup a ciall, ocup a car-oipbepr, a emec, ocup a eangnuni, ocup a popramlacr, a '' Cancer 1 pino Cainjcpech — These June, fell on Tuesday. The Golden num- characteristics of the year indicate A. D. ber also being 1 1, and the old epact 20, the 637, of which the Sunday letter was E., 29th June was the day of new moon, and and therefore the 8 Kal. Jul., or the 24th consequently the moon's age, on the 24th, 115 defeated, was the briglit-liglited sign of Cancer", it being the ninth day of the Summer quarter, the eighth of the calends of July, Tuesday being the day of the week, and the moon's age twenty-five. This was the time and hour that two general certain protecting signs arose, the most similar, like, and complete that authors ever found to compare with each other, and with the most glorious, radiant countenance of the Divinity, namely, the radiant, brilliant, effulgent, and delightfully glowing face of the sun, rising in the wonderful south-east corner of India, to open the door of its eyesight and royal brightness, to shed its rays, flame, and radiance upon the tribes, na- tions, and countries of the earth"' ; and the great, magnificent, hero-hke, broad, bright countenance of the monarch grandson of Ainmire, with a glow and brightness, wth light and tranquillity, with radiance, comehness, and beauty, with perfection and form, with nobility and dignity, with serenity and grace, with augustness, splendour, and effulgence, exceeding all the dignified, fak, and beautiful human countenances in the world, rising in the fair-landed, chUly, north- western corner of Eiu-ope, before and opposite the bright face of the sun, to believe entirely in, and to view its indications'. It was not to be wondered at in the monarch grandson of Ain- mire, that his countenance excelled every countenance, that his personal form, wisdom, and valour in battle, his hospitahty, prowess, and was, in accordance ^vitli our author's state- cle is here, and in some of the best MSS., ment, 25. It appears, also, that according connected with caiman, the genitive case to our author's calculation, the summer of calarii, the earth, which is a noun of the quarter of the year began on the i6th of feminine gender. The same is observable June. The sun enters the sign Cancer, of the word dp, a country, Lat. terra. according to the old calendars, on the ides J To view its indications.— i. e. king [i. e. the 13th] of June. Domhnall rose to view the sun rising, to ■' Of the earth In caiman It is cu- see whether its aspect boded success in the rious that the masculine form of the arti- battle which he was to fight on that day. Q2 ii6 ^aíp, ocup a jaij^ceh ocup a ^nimpaDa, a mui|inii, ociij"' a meipnec, ocup a rhó|i-rneaniTia, a |iaf, ocup a iiigDctco, ocup a piiirheariDacc, Dap ciimcli-bumnib cojaioi in caltnan ; áp niyi laDj'ac ociip iii]i compaicpeac pa aen ouine peme |iiann, ppem a pobla pinechaip TTiap t)o mDpar pa'n apD-plair h-ua n-QinTni]iecli, uaip ip lac po Tia Diml-^nimapfa tmchupa pip ap oiallupcap Oomnall a cuipib caipDiupa, ocup a copmailecc ceneoil na n-oipec ocup na n-iiapal- airpec aipmiuep ocup ainiTinijrep nne, o Chonn Ceo-carac, moc peolimit) Reaccmaip, nnic Uuarail Ueaccmaip, mic piacliam pinnola, mic peapaoaij pinnpecliunaij, mic Cpinichainn Nia- naip anuap co Oomnall, mac Qeoa, mic Qinmipec, mic Secna poinemail, poral-gnimaig, ap pin puap .1. copcup ChiimD laip a laraip cara, ocup a cpoDacr 1 carh-comlann ; einecli Qipc Qen- pip, ocup a aebbacc pe h-ainnpib; ciall-jaip Cliopmaic liui Cumo, ocup a poiDici aipD-pij; copnumaigi Caipppi Cipecliaip, ocup a luar-upcaip larhaij; pichoacc na plara piachacli, ocu)^ a lap- maipc o'a aicmeoaib; mepnech ITIuipeabaij ^'pijj ocup a cep- molra cigeapnai]' ; eclicmaipe Gcliach TTliiiOmeboin, ocup a menmanpat) milet» ; nop ocu]^ niarh-cpora Neill Nai-^iallaig, 'ma poglaic ocup 'ma ppémaigic neapc-clanna Neill reap ocup cuaio, caip ocup ciap; cpaeb-Deapca Conaill ^ulban 1 njlenn-popraib a jnuipi; Cach-beim colj-Duaibpecb claiDim in Chonaill ceaDna pm 1 n-Dopnn-jIacaib t)oic-lebpa OomnaiU; polr po-cap pop-opDa peapjiij^a, mic Conaill, a g-comfuige a cinD ; pm-mailgi pe- miDi, pich-jopma Seacna, mic Peap5ii)xt 1 n-imcliumDac a aijri. Oooipppe ^ Con of the Hundred Battles This gia, Part III. c. 57, p. 306, and Fethlenii- name is Latinized Quintus Centimaclius dius legifer by Colgan, in Trias Tliaiini. by O'Flaherty, in Ogygia, Part III. c. 60, p. 447. p. 3 1 3. " Tuathal the Legitimate, in Irish Cu- ' Fedhlimidk the Lawgicer, is rendered arcil Cechcriiap, is Latinized Tiiathalius Fedlimiiis Legifer by O'Flaherty, in Ogy- Bonaventura by O'Flaherty, in Ogygia, 117 and puissance, his sagacity, feats of arms, and achievements, liis spirit, courage, and magnanimity, his prosperity, royalty, and splendoiu- ex- ceeded those of the most princely and distinguished tribes in the world ; for there met not, and there united not in any one person be- fore, such distinguished genealogical branches as met in the monarch grandson of Ainmire ; for the following were the ancestorial lieredi- tary characteristics which he derived from his consanguinity with, and descent from the chiefs and noble fathers, who are eniunerated and named in tlie pedigree from Con of the Hundred Battles", the son of Fedhlimidh the Law-giver', son of Tuathal the Legitimate™, son of Fiacha Finnola, son of Feradhach the Just", son ofCrimthann Nianar, down to Domhnall /lim.se!/; son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, son of the prosperous and proud-deeded Sedna. Namely, he had tlie triumph of Con in the field, and his valour in battle; the hospitality of Art the SoUtary, and his courteousness to women ; the wisdom of Cormac, the grandson of Con, and his royal forbearance ; the skill in the art o/" defence of Cairbre Lifeacliair, and his dexterity at arms; the fierceness of prince Fiacha, and his munificence to liis tribes; the courage of Muiredhach Tirech, and his laudabiUty of reign; the chi- valrousness of EochaidhMuighmhedhoin, and his heroic magnanimity; tlie polished mdnners and beauty of form of Niall of tlie Nine Hostages, from whom the Ui-Neill, south and north, east and west, branch oS"aud ramify; the bright eyes of Conall Gulban in the hollows of his coun- tenance, and the terrific sword-blow of the same Conall was in tlie long-pahned arm of Domhnall ; the curling golden hair of Fergus, the son of Conall, covered his head ; the mild, graceful, black eye- brows of Sedna, the sou of Fergus, ornamented his face. The prince had Part III. c. 56; but tlie cognomen Teelit- " Feratllicicli the Just, is rendered Fera- niar is more correctly explained lawful, dachus Justus by O'Flalierty, in Ojrygia, legitimate in the Book of Lecan, Ibl. 221. Part III. c. 54, p. 300. ii8 Ot)0ip]i]^e eiy^cecraQinmipe, mic Searna, a fean-cirap pop i pot>ail naplaro;5uc, ocup jpeann, ocupgnuip-oejigi Cíeoa, mic Qinmipech, a Dej-acha|i boDein, i cuniDacli ocup i conieagaji Opeice DelbnaiDe Domnaill. ConiD lac pin na neice pimicinre, punnpanaca, pi]' ap t>iall, ocup pip ap Delb-copmailigiiipcap Doninall i peamriip r,a pijpaiOe ]ieTTie. Qcr cena, nip pupail t»no aen Diiine pop laopar ocup pap iincocliaijpear na h-epnaile ]-iii uile, 50 mao cenn coonaign co- maiple Do each, ocup 50 mao njeopna riDnaiccech ruapuprail r>'uaiplib ocup t)V'(pD-inaicib, cen co beicli popachr na ppeapabpa pip iin aipo-pigi. Uaip ba he pin aen Duine Dap Dpecli-Depg-Delb- QigeD DeppcnujuD Deilbi Do Dainib m Domain, .1. Domnall, mac CieDa, niic Ciinmijiecli, mic Seacna, mic peapjupa Cenn-para, mic ConciiU ^ulban, mic Neill Ncn-jiallaij, mic Gchacb ITluiD- meaDom, mic TTluipeDaig ^^\^^'S^ imc piacliach Spapnne, mic Cn'pppe Lipeacaip, mic Co]imaic cupaca, mic Qipc Qenpip, mic CuinD CcD-cafai^, pa compaicic clanna caiDe, copmaile, copp- peDi, ciallDa, coiccenna, cpaeb-gapca, cach-aipbeapcacha, CuuiD CeD-cacaig. lap pin innpaijip in c-aipD-pig co Uulcan na D-railjeann, ap lap in lonjpuipr, baile 1 m-biDi]- a]iD-naim Gpeann ic cupcbail a cpach, ocup a cancain a n-upnaigri ; 5up paíópiuap 5*-"r S'^'^'^' mac o Lireh/face. — For the periods at whicli maxvj of them, which have been since lost, these dlfterent ancestors of Domhnal tlou- in wliich alhisions were made to their per- rished see his pedigree at the end of this sonal forms, and to the attributes of their volume. minds; and it is not unlikely that he drew If these characteristic distinctions of the also on his own imagination, which, wehave royal ancestors of king Domhnall were not every reason to believe, was sufficiently ex- imagined by the writer, he must have had travagant, for the qualifications of others more copious accounts of them than we are for which he had no authority. There able to discover at present. It is probable, are documents still remaining which would that he had ancient poems addressed to bear him out in many of the qualifications 119 liad also the acuteness of hearing which distingmshed his grandfatlier Ainmire, the son of Sedna; and he had the voice, hilarity, and rud- diness of countenance of Aedh, the son of Ainmire, his own good father, well expressed in his lively face". Such were the particular distinguishing attributes derived by Domhnall from the kings, his ancestors ; and it Avas inevitable that any one in whom all these characteristics were imited and concentred, should not be the head of comisel to all, and the bomitiful payer of stipend to nobles and arch-chieftains, even though there should be resistance or opposition to him regarding the monarchy ; for he was the only man whose countenance excelled in form and majesty all the countenances of the men of the world, namely, Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmii'e, son of Setna, son of Fergus Cennfada, son of Conall Gidban, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, son of Eochaidh Muigmhedhoin, son of Mmredhach Tirech, sou of Fiacha Sraibhtine, son of Cairbre Lifeachair, son of Cormac the Heroic, son of Art the Solitary, son of Con of the Himdi'ed Battles, in whom all the pow- erful, fair-bodied, wise, wide-branching, warlike race of Con of the Hmidred Battles, meet. After this the monarch advanced to Tulchan na d-Tailgenn'', in the middle of the camp, where the distinguished saints of Erin were used to chant their vespers and say their prayers ; and he sent Gair Gann, the son of Feradhach'', to request the arch-chieftains of Erin to hold he ascribes to some of those kings, siicli as 123), was afterwards employed to denute the wisdom of Cormac, the dexterity at any distinguished saint who became the arms of Cairbre Lifeachair, &c. patron of a diocese or parish. P Tukhnn na d-Tailgean, — i. e. the Iiil- 1 Gair Gann Mac Feradaigh, is not men- lock of the saints. The name is now tioned in any of the Irish Annals or genea- forgotten at Magh Rath. Tailgean, which logical books, accessible to the Editor, so was first applied by the Druids to St. Pa- that he cannot determine whether he was trick, and signifies of the shorn head, ''cir- a real or fictitious character. culo tonsus in capite" (Trias Thaum. p. I20 mac Pejiaoaij, D'popconjap pop aptt-inaifib 6)ieann a]i co cinnt)i|' n comaipli im carh no im comciDaib Do Clionjctl. ly De pein |io epjma)! uatpli ocup apD-rhciiri 6]ieann, ocup laDpac co li-anbail, oj^capDa, inopij, pa Dpeich n-Delb-connapraij Ti-Oomnaill, ocup óelbaif Doninall na bpiarpia beca pa Do ceyrnugaD na comaipli pie each, ocup D'puapaic o h-ar)bai]i ociip a li-aiceanca : CiD DO jén ]ie Congal Claeti, a puipe nime na naem? ni uil Dam beir im befaiD, ic mac Scannlam Sciar-leacViain. Oa cpéi^eop mo piji peill DO Clionjal in jaipceD géip, canpairep 'gum riiaraib cpeU, nac am pig pnanaiD, po renn. Da cugap cac ip Congal, caer pig Cuailngi na 5-compam; Diippari Dal 1 riagap ann, caer a óalca le Oomnall. pop 5Ó1 gnaic ppainceap gala: ibiD bpain Doipbi, Duba, ]'ópiD paep-clann ap cadi fi, biaiD ógán Dana haiclii. ClD Do 5. Ip anD pm po cmnpec na cuigeDaig a comaipli, ocup nip eap- aenraig in u-apD-plaic h-ua Qmmipech na n-ogaiD-pein ; ocup ba Im comaipli po cinDper, gan beir pa coinaDaibclaena, cenncpoma, coDappnaca Chongail, ace car Do ciiineD ina coniaip, ocup a roiccpaci Do rpaerhaD jan cepapgain, ap laraip m lairbe pin. If De pin po epig in c-óipDpíj, ocup po upfojaib a oll-jur inDpig op aipD, Do jpépacc gappaiDi gpuoD-poillpi ^aiDeal; ocup ip eó po paiDepcap piu : GpglD, 121 hold a consultation about whether battle or conditions should be given to Cougal. Wherefore the nobles and arch-chieftains rose up, and proudly, nobly and majestically closed around the well-known remarkable countenance of Domhnall ; and Domhnall composed the few words following to interrogate all as to the counsel, and to set forth its cause and natiure : " What shall we do with Congal Claen, Lord of heaven of saints ? 1 cannot remain in life With the son of Scannlann of the Broad Shield. If I resign my noble kingdom To Congal of fierce valoiu", It will be said among my tribes awhile That I am not a mighty or firm king. If I give battle to Congal, That king of Cuailgne renowned for feats shall fall; Moiu-nful the event which will happen there, His foster-son shall fall by Domhnall. Against the false ones battles are ever gained: Ravenous black ravens shall drhik of blood. Some nobles from every house shall perish, There is a youth on whom it will be a stain. What shall," &c. Then the provinciahsts held a council, and the monarch grandson of Ainmire did not dissent from them ; and the resolution to which they came was, not to submit to unjust, exorbitant, and imreasonable conditions from Congal, but to give him battle, and put down his ambition without mercy on that very day. Wherefore, the monarch rose and raised his powerful regal voice on high, to exhort the bright- cheeked youths of the Gaels, and spake to them in this wise: IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. B, " AlisC, 122 G|i5it>, ejigio, a 05U, a]i in r-aipD-pig, co liepcait), ocup co liaencaóac, co cobpaib, ocuj^ co cellibe, co neajicrhap, neam-fcac- acli, ]ie pjiepral na popécni pea UlaD ociip allina]iacli ; ace cena gujia pepcap plairiupa, ocu]^ 5"li« li-arlicu]i aipecaip d'UU- raib ociip t)'allrhapcaib a combaij ocup a coniepji pe claen-biDjaib Cliongail in bap cenn-pi Do'n cu]i pa; ocup t)in giipa cacap cuig-ba jan ceopapgain no Cliongal each car-choma comésni cuingeap; uc(ip ni olij ropb rnur-nieap, rpoDac a repapjain, na ouine co n-oll-^niniaib Diabail Dilgiio, imma raioligreao rpoin-cpaiDe, uaip buD erpumaiDi a lappió ocup a oipci|^echc ajuin-pa, ocup but) ciúiniDe a cpirli-gallpa cúriiaD im cpiDe, 510 geogaincep mo cpirip- Oalua cpame Gonial. Ocup a luce in caeib pi reap am ale, bap aipD-pi5 Gpenn, .1. a c(po-clanna Oilella UUiim, ocup a bej-clanna Déola Ociippine, ocup a clann-iucdciie cjioDa Conai]ie, ocu]^ a caeiTi-cineD ■■ Olin/l Ohnn. — Ct upo clannu Oilella c. 8l. See also Note G, at the end of this Uluini. — Olioll Olum was kmg of Mun- volume. stcr about the year 237. He is the an- ^Raa''aen-cai|ibea|ir pucat). ConiD ai]ie pin ip inann peióm ocup pajbaln, paijie ocup poc- ]iai6ecr,buaióocii]- bái5,ociip bpáraiiipi,popa5paDa]iap n-cnrpeclia againt), .1. Gogan óiponigi, ocup Conall copnamach, map popglep in c-ugoap : Inant) bpiacliap Ooib '5a ng, o pé paDpaic ip Caipnij, na Da m-bpacaip, gpiiao ppi gpimiti, inanD buaió, inanD Dinibuaib. Ocup Din pop, ni uil D'popécin aipD-pige na Do fpéinib njep- naip 05 m Da car-aipecc comceneoil pi ap a cell, ace inOD pctep- pluaigeD pochaip, ocup comepgi caca 1 combaig in aipechra uamD '5a reijema in cigepnup; no ap a n-uipniepa in ctipD-pije; ocup ciD epiDein anD, ip eicean comcuapupral cinnn o cctch D'a cell cap a cenn pin, map popjle]- in c-ujDap : In can bup pi^ R15 O1I15 ap plog Conaill ceD-juinij, DI151D cuapupcal cac ain, Ó CO bpujaib CO h-aipD-pij. In ran bup pig R15 Conaill ap plog Gojain jan Doóaing, DI151D f The same blessing St. Patrick blessed ract of Easroe See Tripartite Life (jf St. Eoghan at Ailech, and foretold the future Patrick, Part II. c. 113, 117, and 1 1 8. greatness of the Cinel-Eoghain. He also In an ancient historical Irish tale, pre- blessed his brother Conall Gulban and served in a Vellum MS., in the Library of Fergus, the son of Conall, on the brink of Trinity College, Dublin (Class H. 2. 1 6. p. the River Erne, near the celebrated cata- 316), it is stated, that St. Cairnech of Tui- 147 " Eoghan and Conall, without doubt, Two of equal estimation, pure, perfect, Were conceived together, — honourable deed, — And at one l)irth were born. " "Wherefore our fathers, Eoghan the renowned, and Conall, the defensive, have bequeathed imto us the same prowess and gifts, freedom and no])le-heartedness, victory, aifectiou, and brotherly love; as the author testifies : " The same blessing^ to them at their house, Since the time of Patrick and Cairnech, To the two brothers, cheek to cheek, is left, And the same success and ill-success. " And moreover, these two warhke tribes of the same race have no monarchical controul or lordly ascendency over each other, save only that the party who happens to possess the lordship or the monarch}' should receive auxiliary forces, and a rising out for battle /rom t/ie other ; and notwithstanding this, they are bound to give each other an equal fixed stipend, as the author testifies : " When the king of Ailech is king^ Over the race of Conall the warhke, He is bound to give a stipend to all, From the brughaidh [farmer] to the arch-chief When a king of the race of Conall is king Over the race of Eoghan, without opposition, He len, now Dulane, near Kells, in the county the battles fought for a just cause, of East Meath, blessed the descendants of 8 W/ie>i the kiny uf A ilech is king — Eoghan and Conall, and ordered them to For an account of the regulations here re- carry the three following consecrated reli- ferred to, see the Leabhar na g-Ceart, quaries in their standards, viz., the Catlmch preserved in the Books of Lecan and Bal- [C!iah'],Cloi/-Padraiff,a.ndMisackCairmo copnum car-lairpec, ocup cio lac apt)-maire Gpenn uile Do impobaD ap h-ua n-Qinnnipec ap aen pe h-UUcaib ocup pe h-allmapcaib, co nac bepDip a bpoja D'ugpa na D'poipeicen imapcaiD uaD-pom na iiainb-puim, ace a m-bepaD Conjal ap a caipDine, no cac Do com óipleacli a cell ap lacaip in láire pin. ba pailiD in plair Do na pinjlib pin, ocup po mora uairib co carcopnamac Conaill, ocup ba li-eaD po paiDectprap piu: ip Dicpa, ocup ip Durpaccaije DÍigcípe cinneD ap cacli, ina cac cac-aipecc comceneoil D'óp cecaipcepa gup rpapca ; uaip ip D'á bap cineD bap cenn, ocup ip D'á bap n-aipecc bap n-oipD-pig, ocup ip agaib po pagaD poplaniup plara peap puiniD, inunD pon ocup nnconjbail ecra, ocup enig, ocup enjnunia na li-6penn, map popglep iiinpce Neill Nai-jiallaij : rrio plair DO Conall ceo calj, mo gaipceD d' Gojan aipm-Deapg, mo cpica Do Chaipppi cam, m'ainainp) d' 6nna inniain. Ocup '' Cairhre Caipppi, or Cctipbpi, was county of Longford, wliere the mountain the third son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, Sliabh Cairbre still retains his name; and and ancestor of the Cinel-Cairbre, who also in the territory of Carbury, in the were settled in the north of the present north of the county of Sligo. — See Tripart. 149 He is bound to give tliem tlie same, As he is monarch over them. They are not entitled on either side Beyond this from eacli other, Except fo furnish forces to maintain a prosperous reign, And a hard rising out for battle." The speech and reply of the race of Eoghan to the grandson of Ainmire was, that they wovild do as much as any one province of the great provinces to sustain the front and maintain the field of Ijattle, and that even though the arch-chieftains of all Erin should turn against the grandson of Ainmire, together with the Ultonians and foreigners, they Avould not carry off any advantage of battle or force from him nor from them, except what Congal would eíFect thx'ough friendship, or from both sides slauglitering each other on that day. The king was joyful for these responses, and he turned away i'rom them to the defending battalions of the race of Conall, and said to them, " You are bound to sui'pass all more zealously and more dili- gently than any other warlike hosts of our relatives wIkjui we have as yet exhorted, because yoiu" head is of yoiu" tribe, and yoiu- monai'ch is one of your own assembly, and to you has been becj^ueathed the supremacy over the men of the West, which is the same as the main- taining of the achievements, hospitality, and valour of Erin ; as the words of Niall of tlie Nine Hostages testify : " My lordship / bequeath to Conall of the hundred swords. My chivalry to Eoghan of red weapons, My territories to the comely Cairbie", My foresight to the beloved Enna'. And Life of St. Patrick, Part II. c. 1 1 3, Ogygia, ' Enna was the youngest son of king Part III. 0. 85. Niall. His descendants were settled in 15° Ocup Din i)"" oipb-]"'! pupailrep, ocup in bup leir leagap, cuiiiji- oecc caca cac-lairpech do conjbail, iiaiji ip ib-pi rin]iri renna, cponm, cpeno, ruiniDe, rupcbalct rctmnaigri, ocii)'' capb-peDign rpeaj^-lairiiec in caiman ; uai]i ip lac cpaiDera bap ciipaD, ocup cerpaDa bap carmileD, ocup ppejapca bap piplaec pip-laifpeca porai^ri buipbi, ociip baig, ocup bpach-mepDacc in beara, nnap popgle]^ in c-ugDap: Conall pe copcaD cara, pe pecrgi peim pij-plara, buipbe, icc, ip engnuin oil, gape, saijiji, ip c)iiiap a Conoll. Ocup Din ip ]ie pine caca pip agaib-pi aippDena na n-arapDa D'airpip, ocup D'pip-abpab, .1. a cpo Do copnarh, ocup a comapbup DO congbcnl, ocup Ducluip jan DilpiugciD; ocup Din ip Do comapbup Conaill '^ulban, op genj'ibaip, Gpui co n-a h-uppannaib, ocup ni Dli5ripe ct Dil]'iU5ao ; ocup ip Do comapbup in Clionaill ceDna pin aipecliup echra, ocup enig, ocup enpiuma na li-6penn Do coimer, ocup DO conjbail, ocup Do cuimnuijao a cluapaib ocup a cpaiDe- Daib bap cafmileD ; coniD lar pin na pecra ocu]^ na po-Ducupc( ]io pójctDap bap n-ctirpecha agaib ap plicc bap pen-ctfap, o plomDrep bap I'ocp ruafa, .1. Conall glonn-mep, gcfirlennac, glac-lfiiDiii, gapb-ppeajaprac ^ulbaii. Qcr cena, po paD cubct, ocup po paD cainpemaD Da bap cuacaib> Da moD ropaib po ruireD clor-gniina Conaill jan congbcnl, iiaqi ba li-é-]'iDe péigi popneapcniap pine neapr-clainoi Neill, map popjlep in r-ujDap: Conall mac Neill, mic Gchacli, cuingiD cpucdD, cctlma, cpeacctch, ni Tiv-Enda, a territory containing thirty- Lough Swilly, and in the territory of quarters of land, in the present county of Cinel-Enda, near the hill of Uisneach, in Donegal, lying between Lough Foyle and Westuieuth. " And, therefore, it is of you it is demanded, and to yoiir cliarge it is left, to maintain the leadership of every battle field ; for you are the strong, heavy, mighty, immoveable pillars and battle props of the land, because the hearts of your heroes, the minds of your warriors, the responses of your good champions, are the true basis and support of the fierceness, valour, and vigour of the world ; as the author testifies : " Conall is distinguished for supporting the battle For the justice of the reign of a royal prince ; Fierceness, clemency, and great valour. Liberality, venom, and hardiness are in Conall. And it behoves the family of every one of you to imitate and worship the attributes of yom^ progenitor, by defending his fold, by maintaining his succession, and by not allowing his patrimony t<.» be lessened; and of the patrimony of Conall Gulban, from wliom you are sprung, is Erin with her divisions, and you should not allow it to be circimiscribed ; and it is the dut^ of the successor of the same Conall to support, maintain, and impress upon the ears and hearts of liis warriors, the splendour, acliievements, hospitahty, and chivalry of Erin. Such then were the ordinances and the great hereditary prerogatives which your forefathers bequeathed unto you, derived from the ancestor from whom your free country is named, viz., the puissant, javehn-dexterous, strong-handed, and resolute Conall Gul- ban. And it were a great censure and reproach to your tribes, should it be your mishap not to continue the renowned achievements of Conall, for he was the chief prop in strength of the puissant sons of Niall, as the author testifies : " Conall, son of Niall, son of Eochaidh, A hardy, brave, phmdering hero ; There 152 ni boi r)o ]iá-claintt ag Niall corhnia)r Conaill na a compial. ConiD cuimnign ceneoil aipD-jiij G|ienTi conice j^in. Ci6 cia lap a|i popbann innpci in aiiiD-pij, po peapgaigeo peap cojDa, rul-bopb, cuaipceprac, a cuaipcepc cara copnainaij Conaill, pe bpopcuD bpiachap, ocup pe cecapcaib njepriaip in apD-plara h-ui Qmmipec, .1. Conall, mac baeoain, mic Ninoeoa, o Uhulcdj Oaci, ocup ó rpc(c1ic-poprcnb Uopaigi in rnctipcipr ; uaip nip lich leipein a laiDiiio, ocup nip mian o mop-gpépacc ; ocup po Deipi5 a Dub-gai n-Dibpaicri, gupct arlicuiji upcc(p co h-cjinpep- jach, ancelliDi, cqi h-ua n-Qininipech. Ro fuicaprcip rpiup rogait»!, rpiaf-aipech, á cepr-lap caret copiiuinaig Conaill, ap mcaib in aipD-pig einp é ocup in r-upca]i, .1. lllaine, ocup 6nno, ocup Ctip- nelach, ocup ]io rogbaoap rpi learan ]'ceich lan-mopa 1 piaDnaipi Tia plara pop eirip e ocup in r-upcap; ctcr cena Do cucdD cepr-ja Conaill cpep na cpi pciafaib DpuiiTi ap Dpuim, ocup rpep in n-oeijig n-npuimnij oiojainn, .1. op-pciar oipij in aipD-pij co n-Decaio in Daige)! Oibpcdcrlie, Dap bpojciD a bibaipci, 1 cul-niuinj in caiman, icip Da cpaijiD aipD-pi5 Gpenn. Ouppcin nac ar bpuinne Do bean, ocup nac rpéD cpaiDi po clannupcap, ap Conall; uaip, Da maDectD, ni aicliippijreapa coD- nacu carha map rpen-pecqiaib m ructipcipr, uaip ni dIui^ ocup ni DllglD iBaedan^whowasthesonofNinnidh. — - Bpciicce. — Tlie jai or dart referred to Baedan, Mac Ninnedha, the father of this throughout this battle was the jaculum Conall, was monarch of Ireland for one mentioned by GiraldusCambrensis, in Dist. year, A. D. 571. HI. c. 10, where he says that the Irish '' Tiduch Daihi, is probably the place had three kinds of weapons, viz., short now called Tullagh-O'Begly, situated in lances, two darts, and broad axes. Led- the N. W. of the Barony of Kilniacrenan, in wich says (Antiq. second ed. p. 283), that the Co. of Donegal, opposite Torj- Island. " the jaculum or dart is translated javelin, ' Black-darling javelm tDuB-jcii oiu- and described to be an half pike, five feet 153 There was not one of the great sons of Niall So good as Conall, or so hospitable." So far the family -remiuiscent exhortations of the monarch of Erin. But to whomsoever this speech of the monarch appeared super- fluous, a haughty, fierce-faced northman of the northern part of the protecting battalion of Conall, became enraged at the verbal exlior- tation and the lordly instructions of the monarch the grandson of Ainmire, namely, Conall, the son of Baedan, who was the son of NinnidhJ, from Tvúach Dathi\ and the high-cliíFed strand of Tory, in the north, for he did not like to be exhorted at all, and he did not like to be excited; he prepared his black-darting javeUn', and sent a shot spitefully and rashly at the grandson of Ainmire". But three select lordly chieftains from the middle of the defensive battalion of Conall, namely, Maine, Enna, and Airnelach, observing his de- sign, sprang before the king, and between him and the shot, and raised three great wide sliields before the king and between him and the shot, but the hard javelin of Conall passed through the three shields back to back, and through the defensive Derg druim- nech", i. e. the golden shield of the monarch himself, so that the dis- charged javelin passed off the side of its boss into the suiface of the ground between the feet of the monarch of Erin. "Oh grief! that it was not in thy breast it struck, and that it was not thy heart it pierced," said Conall, " for then, thou wouldst never again reproach such leaders of battle as the mighty men of the north ; and an half long." " Derg Dmimtiech, — i. e. tlie red- "" Grandson of Ainmire Lla Qin- backed, was a descriptive name of king Tiiipech is translated Nejios Ainmirecli by Domhnall's shield See the Tale of Deir- Adamnan,LifeofColumba,Lib.3,c.5. Inac- dre, iu the Transactions of the Gajlic So- cordance with which it has here been trans- ciety, p. 94, for the proper names of lated " grandson of Ainmire" throughout. Conor Mac Nessa, king of Ulster's arms. IRISH AECH. SOC. 6. X 154 ttlijjiD Duir-piu clann Conaill do laiDiut), na Do luaij-jpeyacr, ace inuna paiccea, ocup mnna oipigcea lai5e 'na lonn-gnimaib pe bpinnrub a m-biobaD. Ocup acbepc na bpiachpa pa ann : Ml dIij Dej-pUiaj D'up-jpe^^achc 00 cpiacaib ip cáinpemaD, Q laiDiuD, a luargpepacc, Oppu mine h-aipijrea Q nDicpacc pe h-innpaigiD. Carh Conaill ip comDicpa r?e co)>nuni caf-lairpech ; CeD 5|iepaclic a cupao-j'an Q pep5 pein, a peapamlacc, Ct luinDi 'p a loiDipecc, Q cpoDacc 'p a cobpaiDecc, Q paipe 'p a peirpigi, Q peer pijDa po-5upinap '5« Tii-bpopcaD CO biDbaoaib. bpopcaD pop Da pepaib-piTT> Qigci oppo a n-epcapac, Slega paena ap paengabail, 1 lainaib a laec biDbao, Ic paicill a ppiceolma, a " It is not lawful to exhort a brave host pies of this kind of metre are to be met with This is the kind of composition called in the ancient Irish historical tale called Rithlearg. It is a species of irregular ex- Forbais Droma Damhghaire, preserved temporaneous rhapsody. in the Book of Lismore. It is curious to Poems of this description are generally observe the effect which the writer of this put into the mouths of Druids while un- tale wishes to produce in this place. He der the influence of inspiration, or of he- introduces Conall, the son of a king, the roes while under great excitement, as iu mightiest of the mighty, and the bravest the present instance. Many curious exam- of the brave, as actually attempting to ^55 north ; for it was not meet or lawful for thee to exhort or excite the race of Conall, unless thou hadst seen and perceived weakness in their deeds in fronting their enemies." And he said these words : " It is not lawful to exhort a brave host" : On chieftains it is a reflection To be urged on, or exhorted, Unless in them thou hadst observed Irresolution in makinii the onset. The battalion of Conall is resolute To maintain the field of battle ; The first thing that rouses their heroes Is their own anger, their manUness, Their choler, their energy. Their valour-, and their firmness. Their nobleness, their robustness, Their regal ordinance of great valoiu* Setting them on against their enemies. A fiuther incitement to their men Is derived from the faces of their enemies being tiu-ned on them, Rechning lances being held In the hands of their heroic foes, Preparing to attack them ! Their take the monarch's life, for daring to make to inflict, and, strange to say, the only a speech to rouse the Cinel Conaill, or di- punishment which the latter thought pro- reot them how to act in the battle ; and per to impose was, that the royal hero, he is immediately after represented as en- Conall, should not, if it should happen to tirely convinced of his error and crime, by be in his power, slay Ccmgal, the monarch's a few proverbs which the monarch quoted most inveterate enemy, and the cause of to instruct him. He becomes immediately the battle, because he was his foster-son. penitent, and willing to submit patiently to This, no doubt, presents a strong picture any punishment the monarch was pleased of ancient Irish manners and feelings. X2 ^56 Q r]iep-5|iépachr gnaracli-jninn,- Oe ni pecap ppifailim Oppo pe h-uaip impepna, — Q puil pein '5a paobpannaó. lap pin noca pobainge Sil Secna pe perpiji, peibm pin cacba paep-chiniD Ctcu pe h-imip n-imlaiDi. Gnna-clann pe li-inDpaigiD, 6051111115 pe bopb-aiplec, Caepfennrng pe car-lctraip, Qengiipai^ pe h-uppclcnji, Sil piDpaij pe paebap-clep, Sil Nint)et)a ag neapc-bpipiuD, Sil Serna pe ponaiprecc. «5 ° C'lann Enna. — enna-clann, i. e. the race of Enna, tlie sixth son of Conall Gulban, ancestor of the Cinel Conaill. Their territory extended from the Eiver Swilly to Barnismore and Sruthair, and eastwards to Fearnach, in the present county of Donegal. P Bnijliinnigh, — i. e. the descendants of Enna Boghuine, the second son of Conall Gulban, who were settled in the present barony of Banagh, in the south-west of the county of Donegal, to which they gave name. This territory is described in the Book of Fenagh, fol. 47, p. a, col. a, as extending from the River Eidlmech, now the River Eany, which falls into the harbour of Inver, in the bay of Donegal, to the stream of Dobhar, which flows from the mountains. O Sonic CO tJoBcip oil Siliup ap iia japB-pleibcib. From Conaing, the third son of this Enna Boghuine, the O'Breslens, who are still numerous in Tirconnell, are descended. They inhabited originally the territory of Fanaid, but were driven thence, by con- sent of O'Donnell, in the fourteenth cen- tury, and a branch of the JIac Sweenys, who came from Scotland, was established in their place ; after which, as we are in- formed by Duald Mac Firbis, O'Breslen became a Brehon to Maguire of Ferma- nagh, which office his descendant retained till the year 1643. 1 CaeriluuiHachs Ccieprennaij, i. e. the descendants of Caerthan, the son ol' ^S7 Their usual battle-incitement, Which cannot be resisted, At the hoiu' of the conflict. Is their own blood arousing them. After this not tameable, Are the race of Setna of robustness. They possess the puissance of any tribe At the horn- of the slaughter. The Clann-Enna° are distinguished at the onset. The Boghainechs'' at fierce slaughtering, The Caerthannachs'' for maintaining a battle-field, The race of Aengus' for resisting, The race of Fidhi'ach' for sword-fighting. The race of Ninnidh' for routing. The race of Setna" for firmness. Such Fergus, who was son of Couall Giilban. ■■ Descendants of Aengiis Qengupaij, i. e. the descendants of Aengus Gunnad, the son of Conall Gulban. ' Sil Fidhrach Sil piopoi^ ; their si- tuation in Tirconnell is not known, nor is their descent given in any of the genealo- gical books. ' Sil Ninnidh Sd Ninoeoa, i. e. the descendants of Ninnidh, the son of Duach, who was son of Conall Gulban. " Sil Setna Sil Secna, i. e. the descen- dants of Setna, the grandson of Conall Gulban. These were the most distin- guished families of Tirconnell. That tribe of them called Sil Luighdhech Mic Setna, after the establishment of hereditary sur- names, branched into various families, oi' whom the most distinguished were the O'Donnells. The territory of the Sil Luigh- dliech Mic Setna is described in a poem in the Book of Fenagh, as extending from the stream of Dobhar (which flows from the rugged mountains) to the River Swilly : Cpiucha 6pa Ruaió pébcii^ niaijpich, lupjaich uiBepui^ O Call cam na cpobanj cap Co h-Sonich copctmnD-rpen-^luip. Cpiucha 6ajuine m-blechco, — 6olcaioe lucho na quepca, — O eomch CO t)obap n-oil Shiliup ap na japb-pleibciB. O'n t)obap Dtpjip ceona Upiucho i,ui5Dech, mic Sheona 158 Qj I'ln cnio cac car-ciniD Do cac Conaill companiiaig, CineD niolbrac Tnanaipec, TTlaipg aicniD ná anaicniD ; Innpaigeap li-iia QinTni]iec]i, Opiio nil Dail nac olig. Ni 0I15. Cibi]^ in pkiir |ie piieajajiraib cogDa, cul-bopba in cuaipcep- caig; ip Do'n buipbi bunaio, ocup ip oo'n cul-mi]ie cuaipcepcaig in raem j'ln, a Conaill, a car-milio! ace cena, in cualaDaip in pnáiri peiTiibe, pen-poclacli po pagbaDap na h-ugoaip a ]'leccaib a pen-bpiarap ? peppDi car copujao ; peppDi pluaj pocecupc ; peppDi mairh iTiop-rhopmac ; peipjiDe bpeo bpopDujab ; PeppDi clorh cuirhnuijaó ; PeppDi ciall comaipli ; PeppDi einech impige ; PeppDi Cup m abainn ip jlan li, The milky cantred of Baghuine, Oanap comainm Suilioe. Let all inquirers know, TpiuclKi enna piap ap pin Extends from Edhnech to the bright Co 6eapniip mop, co Spiichaip, Dobhar, Capbac Cip enna na n-jpeao Which flows from the rugged mountains. Soip CO peapnach na peinneao. From the same rapid flood of Dobhar Lib. Fenagh, fol. 47, é, a. The cantred of Lughaidli, son of Sedna, - The cantred of the boisterous Eas RuaicUi, Extends to that bright-coloured river. The salmon-full, fish-full cataract, Which is named the Suilidhe [SwUly]. Extends from Call Cain of knotty nut The cantred of Enna thence westwards clusters Extends to Bearnus Mor and to Sruthair, To the noisy, impetuous green river Edh- Profitable is Tir-Enna of horses, nech. It extends eastwards to Fearnach of heroes." 159 Such are the attributes Of the race of brave Conall, A praiseworthy tribe of spears. Wo to the known or unknown ivho iiHsult flieiii ; The grandson of Ainmii-e attacks them For a cause wliich he ought not. It is," &c. The king smiled at the haughty and furious answers of tlie northern, and said, " Tliis paroxysm is of the hereditary fury and of the northern madness, O Conall, O warrior ! But hast thou heard the mild proverbial string" which authors have left wriften of the re- mains of their old sajdngs '?" " A battle is the better of array ; An army is the better of good instruction ; Good is the better of a great inci'ease ; Fire is the better of being stiiTed up ; Fame is the better of commemoration ; Sense is the better of advice ; Protection is the better of intercession ; Knowledge This poeui tlieii goes on to state, that bial saying brought to bear upon the il- the race of Eogiian, deeming the territory lustration of any subject, makes a deep left them by their ancestor, Niall of the impression on the minds of the native Irish, Nine Hostages, to be too narrow, extended as the editor has had ample ujiportunities their possessions by force of arms as far of knowing. But though proverbs abound as Armagh, leaving Derry to the Cinel- among them no considerable list of them Couaill, and UrumcliiF to the descendants has ever yet been publislied. The most of Cairbre. accessible to the Irish reader is that which " Prueerbial sti-ing The Irisii were is given by Mr. Hardmian, in his " Irish very fond of adducing proverbs in proof of Minstrelsy, or Bardic Remains of Ireland," their assertions, and to this day, a prover- vol. ii. p. 397. Lond. 1831. i6o Pejipoi pip picqipaijm ; peppoi ruiji cepciijuo; pe))]it)i gai'p glan-pojlaim ; peppDi pip par poglaiin. p. c. dell gaca labo|irlm lear, a ai|iD-]ii5 Gpenn, ap Conall, cain- leap caca coniai|i1i C11511D, ip cialloa po coipcip nio compepj ; ip p'ipa na puijli, giipa par paD-jiéiDijri pep^i 05-bpiarpa ana, arhainpeca na n-aipO-pij. Qcr cena, beip Do bpeir pmacra, pmiiaincig Oo iiecr pig, nac Dijip Dap piojail Do pecrgi, a pig-plair, ap Conall; ip am cinrac-pa, Dilpap a Dobép, ociip icpaj'a anpia- ru, uaip ni h-anagpa ace pip plara ajaipcliep oipne. bepaD bpeir n-inDpij, n-Dipij, n-Dleipcenaig, ap Oomnall; map Do cpiall- aipiu mo riug-bá-pa jan caigiU, gan compégaD, ru-pa Do repap- jjain gan Dicliell, gan DipliugaD, ocup mo Dalca, Gonial, Do caijill Dinr-piu ap colj-Deip Do claiDim, a Chonaill. Ni popbiinn plara mapcaip, o pig-plair, ap Conall, .1. Congal Do caigil. iTlODa compaicpem, cenjelrap ajum-pa h-é, má iccaiD a anpiacu a up- gabail, iiaip ni buo aipecliup engnuma Dam-pa do Dalra Do Di- cennoD Doc' ainDeoin ir' piaDnaipi, a aipD-pij Gpenn, ap Conall. ConaD conpaD Conaill ocup a ceapr bpiarpct ap comepgi in cura aniiap conice pin. Imclnipa Domnaill, po Delig-pein pé paep-coDnaig Dég d'ó Depb-pine booein, pe li-uppclaige, ocup pe li-mnapba each peDma, ocu)' cac pojieijne ay a uchc. Ocup po archuip aejaipechc nepr-clainne Neill D'póipirhin ap cctc poppcm ctp Cliellac, mac TTlailecaba, " Foster-son, Congal — Dlo oalca Con- ^ Celhich, the son ofMaelcohha. — Celiac, gal DO cai^il Duic-pui King Domlmall mac rTlailecaBu. — This great hero was is represented throughout this story as afterwards monarch of Ireland jointly with most anxious that Congal should not be his brother Conall, from the year 642 to slain, because his attachment to him was 654. He is the ancestor of the famous inviolable as being his foster-son. family of the O'Gallaghers of Tirconnell, i6i Knowledge is the better of inquiry ; A pillar is tlie better of being tested ; Wisdom is the better of clear learning ; Knowledge is the better of philosophy." "May the choice of each expression be with thee, monarch of Erin," said Conall ; " the mild success of each advice be with thee ; wisely hast thou suppressed my great auger. True is the saying that the pure, noble, sapient words of monarchs are the cause of mitigating anger. Howbeit, pass thy sentence of control ; ponder on thy regal law, that thou mayest not go beyond the rule of thy justice, O royal prince," said Conall. " I am guilty; do thou take vengeance according to thy custom, and I will pay the debts due to thee ; for it will not be an imjust revenge, but the jvistice of a king that shall be visited upon us." " I shall pronounce a king-becoming, upright, legiti- mate sentence," said Domhnall. " As thou hast sought my death, un- sparingly and without consideration, 1 will spare thee without forget- fulness, without Umitation, and my foster-son Congal" is to be spared by thee from the edge of thy right-hand sword, O Conall." " It is not the exorbitant demand of a king tliou hast asked, monarch," said Conall, " in requesting that Congal shoidd be spared. If we engage he shall be fettered by me (if his capture be sufficient to pay his evil debts), as it would not be noble valour in me to behead thy foster- son against thy will, before thy face, king of Erin," said Conall. So far the fury of Conall and his exact words at the rising of the battle. As to Domhnall he detached sixteen chieftains of his own tribe, to resist and repel every attack and violence from his breast, and he charged Cellach, the son of Maelcobha", above all, to watch and relieve who are more royally descended than the ages See genealogical table of the descen- O'Donnells, though inferior to them in dants of Conall Gulban, at the end of this point of power and possessions in later volume. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. Y l62 TTlailecaba, peacli each, ociiy cuaijic ppeajpa Conjail Do com- ppepDal, ocup comaijici a ceir]ii n-DalcoD ri-6ec]iaH)ech Ti-De]ib- fcnpipi Do Denuni, .1. maelouin ocup Cobrac, pinncaD ocup paelcu ; ocup po pmDnaijap apD-maicib Gpenn ap a aicle, cumaD pa copmailpi cópaijfi in cara pin, ocnp pa pamail a puiDijri, Do coipigfea cara pep n-Gpenn co b]unnne bpara, ocup cicbepr na bpiarpa pa: Cleara mo cara-pa pein Gogcm CO Caipppi, mac Neill, ruipri pulaing caca CiiinD Conall CO n-a Gnna-cIoinD. Connacca ip TTliDig pela a piDach cuip comoliira, Laijnij, TTluininis, mep a moD, cuije in cara 'p a régop. QipijiD mo cora cam Qipgialla ocu)' mo DeopaiD, me boDein a papca rpom, pe Dinje caicli Do'n comlonn. Ip me Oomnall, mac QeDa, mian lim cella Do caemna, mi an lim Si I Secna gan paill, CO cpen a h-ucc Clann Conaill. TTIian lim Cenel Conaill cpuaiD pomum 1 pcainnip pciar-buain ; Sil Secna, mo chineD pein, maip5 nac imgaib a n-ainipéip. CennpaelaD " Are Conall. — In this quatrain Eoglian, of multitude to denote tlieir respective Cairpri, and Conall, the names of three of races. the sons of the monarch Niall of the Nine ^ Arc the shelter The Irish word cuij^e. Hostages, are put collectively as nouns which is cognate with the Latin tectum, 1 63 relieve the puissant race of Niall out of every difficulty, to respond to the onsets of Congal, and to protect his own four good-hearted, beloved foster-sons, namely, Maelduin and Cobhthach, Fionnchadh, and Faelchu. And he requested of the arch-chieftains of Erin, after this, that the armies of the men of Erin should, to the brink of eternity, be arrayed to the likeness of the arrangement and position of this battle ; and he said these words : " The props of my own army Are Eoghan and Cairbre, the son of Niall ; The supporting pillars of the army of Con Are ConalP and the race of Enna. The Connacians and bright Meathians Are its well-shaped thickset wood. The Lagenians and Momonians of rapid action Are tlie slielter^ and protection of the army. The ornaments of my beauteous army Are the Oirghialls and my sojourners^, And I myself the heavy sledge To drive all into the conflict. I am Domhnall, the son of Aedli, I desire to protect churches ; I desire that the race of Setna, without remissness, Should be mighty in the front of the Clann Conaill. I desire that the hardy Cinel Conaill Should be before me in the battle of strong shields ; The race of Setna, are my own tribe ; Wo to him who avoids not disobedience to them. Cennfaeladh IS used in old MSS. to denote tlie roof of ile, sojourner, pilgrim, or any one living a house, and sometimes, figuratively, shel- out of his native country. The oeopaió ter or protection. or sojourners here referred to were evi- Sojourners — Oeopaio signifies an ex- dently hireling soldiers from Scotland or Y2 164 CennpaelaD pleDac, mac ^aipb, pinjin coiboenac in Caipnn, cpiap ele ba Decla a n-Dpeac, TDaine, Gnna, Qipnelach. Loingpec, mac QeDa na n-oam, ocup Conall, mac 6aeDain, cpi meic TTlailcoba na clanD, CennpaelaD, Celiac, Conall. Tilo CU15 meic-pea, oepj a n-npeach, pepgup, Oenjup coiboenacb, Qilell ip C0I5U nac jann, ocup in cuijeaD Conall. Ip lac pin cpichpe mo cuipp, plan caic uile 'ma puabaipc, peit» im cac péo, bopb a m-bann 05 cede a n-aijió eccpano. Se pip Dec DO cineD CuinD po áipmeap 1 cenn comlainD, ni uil pa mm, — mop in mob, — Deic ceD laec pop DingebaD. Ip lac j'ln cojaim co cenn, 1 piaDnaipi pep n-6penn. iimum Wales who were in the constant employ- or O'Dohertys ; 2. Maelduin the lather of ment of the Irish monarch, such as were Airnelach, Snedgal, Fiangus, and Cenn- called Bonnaghts by English writers, in faeladh ; and, 3. Muirchertach, the an- the reign of Elizabeth. cestor of the Clann-Dalaigh or O'Don- '' Cennfaeladh the festive, son ofGarhh neUs. CennpaelaD pleoach, mac ^^T^ The ' Finghin, the leader from Cam pm- Book of KUmacrenan, as quoted in the ^in coiboenac in Chaipnn, is not men- Book of Fenagh, fol. 42, states that this tioned in the Irish Annals or genealogical Cennfaeladh had three sons, viz., Fiamuin, books, the eldest, ancestor of the Clann Fiamuin J Maine, Enna, and Airnelach. — Tliese i65 Cennfaeladh the Festive, son of Garbh", Finghin, the leader, from Carn^ And three others of bold aspects, Maine, Enna, and Aimelach". Loingsech, the son of Aedh^ of troops. And Conall, son of Baedan, The three sons of Maelcobha'^ of clans, Cennfaeladh, Cellach, and ConaU. My own five sons of ruddy aspects^, Fergus, Aengus of troops, Ailell and Colgu, not penurious, And the fifth, Conall. These are the sparks of ray body, The safety of all lies in their attack. Ready in each road, furious their action When coming against foreigners. Sixteen men of the race of Conn I have reckoned at the head of the conflict. There is not under heaven, — great the saying, — Ten hundred heroes who would resist them. These I select confidently, In presence of the men of Erin, To names do not occur in the Irish Annals, from the Genealogical Irish Books, or the nor in the genealogies of the Cinel-Conaill. Irish Annals, that any of these five sons ^ Loingsech, the son of Aedh toinj- of king Domhnall became the founder of yech mac Qeoa, is not mentioned in the a family, except Aengus, or Oengus, who Irish Annals or genealogical books. was the ancestor of the O'Canannans and f Three sons of Maelcobha. — Cpi meic O'Muldorys, princes of Tirconnell, pre- mailcoKa, i. e. of Maelcobha, tlie cleric, ceding the O'Donnells, and of the Mac the brother of king Domhnall. GUlafinnens, chieftains of Muinter-Pheo- 8 My own five sons of ruddy aspect. — dachain, in Fermanagh — See Note E, at TTlo cuij; meic-pea. — It does not appear the end of this volume. 1 66 umuiii pein, ciap ocup caip, Dom' peirem, Dom' imDegail. Celiac, mac TTIailcaba cpiiim, uaim D'pup^cichr cac anpoplaint), pe ppeagpa Congail na cpeac, Celiac cjioDa na coc clear! Imcupa Conjail iin|iaice|i againo araib ele, naip ni peDaic ujDaip in Da paipnéip d' puppannab i n-aenpecc, amail apbepc in pile: Uióe ap n-uioe po poich pin, aipneip cac ugoaip eolaig ; ni a n-aenpecc po poich uile, Oct paipnéip le 1i-aen Duine. CiD cia ap ap cuipepcap ceipc in cara, ni he aipD-pij UlaD rio bi CO t)ubach, Oobponach, na co beg-Tnenmnacli, jie bpuinne na bpepligi bpára pin ; iiaip ba Dimain o'a Dpóirib Oepb paipnne DcTTiin Do Deniim Do, ocup nip rapba Do railgennaib rpiall a regaipc; ap ba compaD pe cappaic D'á caipDib comaipli Do Congal, pe h-aplac na n-amaiDeaD n-ipepnaiDi a^ pupóil a aimlepa aip ; uaip nip rpeicper na rpi h-iiipe iipbaDaca, ipepnaiDi eipium o uaip a riiipmiD co cpacli a riuj-bá, .1. Cleacco, ocup TTlejepa, ocup Uepipone, conaD li-e a piabpaD ocup a paeb-popcecul pin paDepa Do-pum DupcaD caca Dpoc-Dctla, ocup inipaD cac a lomap- baip, ocup popbaD caca pip-uilc; uaip ip ann po-raigepcap in úip inDleDech, '' Rere and front Cinp if raip, i. e. histrated in O'Brien's Irish Dictionary, m west and east. The Irish as well as the voce Deas. Jews used the same words to express the ' Avt/iors cannot give tico narratives to- right hand and the south, the left hand ffet/ier Uaip ni peoaic ujoaip The and the north, the front and the east, and writers of Irish Tales are remarkably fond the back and the west. — See this fully il- of quoting ancient authorities. Here the 167 To be around myself rere and front", To attend me, to defend me. Cellacli, tlie son of Maelcobha, the crooked, / appoint from me to relieve each distress. To respond to Congal of plunders, Cellach braver than any chieftain !" With respect to Congal, we shall speak of him another time, for authors cannot give two narratives together', as the poet says : " By progress after progress he passed through The narrative of every learned author ; Two narratives cannot all at the same time Be passed through by one person." Whoever felt dejection for the battle, it was not the arch king of Ulster that was sorrowful, dejected, or pusillanimous at the approach of this final defeat ; and it was in vain for his drmds to make true magical predictions for him, and it was not profitable for his tailginns \_clergy] to seek instructing him; for his friends might as well con- verse with a rock as advise him, in consequence of the temptations of the infernal agents wlio mere pressing his destruction upon him ; for the three destructive infernal furies Electo, Megasra, and Tesi- jihone, had not forsaken him from the time he was born until the period of his final dissolution, so that it was their influence and evil suggestions that induced him to stir up every evil design, medi- tate every contention, and complete every true evil ; for the snare- laying, author quotes an old poet as authority for The Editor understands it thus : his arrangement of the subject. This " Progress after progress he made quatrain seems to have been quoted from In reading tlie narratives of learned aii- the biography of some poet or professor of thors, literature, but it is now difficult to under- Studying them one by one, stand it perfectly, as the quotation is so For he could not attend to two together." short and the subject matter unknown. i68 inDlebech, ej-^iDat), aiDjill Gleccó ap cepr-láp cleib ocup cpame Conjail, ic inaiDeni cac nnpuin, ociip ic piujpaD caca pip-uilc. Ocup oin in maip5 nupcnecli, mipunac, mallacrTiach TTlejepa oo copain a calaD-popc comnaioi ap cepr-lap capbair Corigail, ic rajpa á caiblib a renjaO, ocup ic buaonciipi a bunnpacaibabpm- rap ; ocup Din in cenn cleapacli, copaiDec, connrpacca, rpomDa, cuppaccac, ruaic-ebpac Uepipóne rcippaiD pein ctpD-comup nipech- aip ap CU15 ceDpaoaib connlana coppapDa Congail, cornDip com. oicpa pein pe popbao caca piji-uilc. ^up ub cpép na h-i'iipib ipepnaioi pin cuicrep na cpi pecaóa puDpaca ctimpigep cac cten, .1. pcpÚDuD, ocup impaDuD ocup gnim, peib apbepr Porut) na Canóine: Glecro pjpuDup cac col, TTlegepa ppi h-impoDuD, Uepipóne pein co pip cuipeap cac ccup 1 copp-jni'm. ConaD he a n-aplac ocup a n-impiDe-pein aip-pini pet bejia Do jan comaipli a capac Do cuimniugaD, ocu[> ip lac pa De]ic< do beic CO mepcDa, micelliD irip Ullraib ocup allmapcaib aDctig TTláipri pe maiDm cora ITluiji puaD-bnncig Racli, co cainic cpcich puain ocup póin-coDuIca Do nc( pluctjcttb ; ocup po coDail Conjal lap pin pe ciuin-pogap na cuipleann ciuil, ocup pe popcaD paíDerhail, puapaÍDech, pip-rpuag no céD ocup na rimpctn'ga raDall D'aijrib ocup D'popmnaDaib eanDocup injen na puaD 'go pap-peinni. Qcc cena, ba cinnabpaD epoch Do Conjal in coDla pin, Do peip map ip gnac puba ocup pámaigci pip-coDulca ic aiinpiugao cac ai'n pe bpuinne j Fothadh na Canoine, here quoted as See Annals of the Four Masters at that authority for the office of the three i\iries, year, and C'olgan, Acta SS. p. 783. was lecturer of Armagh in the year 799 '' Tympwm, — Cimpán. — Various pas- 169 laying, impure, and wicked fury, Electo, took iip her abode in the very centre of the breast and heart of Congal, suggesting every evil resolution and pointing out every true evil to him. Andalso the woeful, ill-designing, wicked IMegajra placed her resident fortress in the very middle of Congal's palate, to hmd defiance from the battlements of his tongue, and to threaten with the scourges of his words. And the tricky, evil-teaching, ciu'sed, morose, backbiting Tesiphone assumed absolute sway over the five corporeal senses of Congal, so that they (the three Furies) were diligent to accompUsh every true evil. By these three infernal Furies is understood the three evils which tempt every one, viz.. Thought, Word, and Deed, as Fothadh na Canoine' said : " Electo thinks of every sin, Megajra is for reporting. And Tesiphone herself truly Puts every crime into bodily execution." And it was tJie influence of theii- temptation and sohcitation of him that induced him not to attend to the advice of his friends, and it was they that caused him to be confused and senseless between the Ultonians and foreigners, on the Tuesday night before the loss of the battle of the red-pooled plain of Magh Eath, until the time of rest and soft repose arrived for the armies. And after this Congal slept, being lulled to rest by the soft sounds of the musical pipes and by the warbling vibrations and melancholy notes of" the strings and tympans'' struck by the tops, sides, and nails of the fingers of the minstrels, who so exqmsitely performed on them. However, this sleep was a miserable repose to Congal ; but indeed hilarity and agreeable sleep sages can be produced to show that the and not a drum, as might be supposed Irish ciinpun was a stringed instrument, from the name. IKISH ARCH. SOC. 6. Z 170 b|ininne báip, ocuj- pe li-íónaib aibeóa. Qcc cena, nip cumpcais Congal ap in coolub pin gup can OuboiaD Dpai na bpmrpa beca pa: Q Chonjail Chlain comepij, CmDpec c'eccpaic h'lnopaigiD; Opt) TTieli mian puain pip-lai'je ; Suan pe bnp bpicc booba ; beg bpija bebpac bi bar miGlác; TTloc-eipje mion peinnet) ocup ppiraipe; Popcceo n-galann ^ich-niao nemrop mbooba; 6pur pola, — eacpaip cupat), — CI1U5UC a Chorigail. Ct Conjail. 1)^ ouaibpeac pom Dúipcip, a Ouiboiaó, ap Gonial. CeipD aejaipe, pagbup a éioi icip paelaib gan imcoimer, ojuu-pa lapam, ap Ouboiat). O015 ni h-opt> aejaipe coolut) '5a ceafpaib; ni Dae conneOaij mill lapniopcac-pii o'Ullcaib ; but) pine ap n-a poDail aicme Olloman Dap c' éipi; buD laicpec jan lan-gabail apD-popc aipecaip gaca li-Ullcaig op c' airlu Ctcc ciD compaD pe cappaij comaipli Do rpoicli pe na riuj-ba ! Oo comDiglaip do cneab, a Clionjail, ap DubDiaD; Oena piD purain pe c'aiDi, ocup pe li-apD- maicib 6penn, ocup imgaib micopcap na TTlaipce inar inapbcop CO maicib UlaD umuc in aen maigin. Uainic ' But indeed sleep, ^c. — The present comepi;i^ In all old Irish tales mystical belief among the Irish peasantry is, that assertions, expressed in irregular metre, at the approach of death by sickness, a are generally put into the mouths of Druids, man sleeps, but that a woman is awake ; The terms are generally ambiguous and btoeann an peap 'n a coolao ajup an full of mystery ; and it is sometimes al- Bean o'a paipe péin. most impossible to translate such rhymes " To thee Conyal. — Q Conjail cluin as they are made to speak, into intelligible 171 sleep' come upon every one at the approach of death, and of tlie pangs of dissolution. And Congal did not awake from this sleep until Dubhdiadh the druid had chanted these few words : "0 Congal Claen arise, Thy enemies approach thee ; The characteristic of an imbecile is the desire of constant lying asleej); Sleep of death is an awful omen ; Little energy forebodes the destruction of the coward, The desire of the hero and the watchman is early rising ; An inciter of valour is a proud and fearless fiery-champion, Fervom- of blood, — the characteristic of a hero, — Be to thee O Congal"! O Congal," &c. " Disagreeably hast thou awakened me, Dubhdiadh," said Con- gal. " Thou dost Uke a shepherd who leaves his flock among wolves without a guard," said Dubhdiadh. "It is not the business of a shepherd to sleep over his flock : thou art not" a vigilant keeper of a flock to the Ultonians ; the race of OUamh" would be a divided tribe after thee ; the great habitation of each Ultonian would, after thee, be a deserted spot; but indeed to give advice to a wretch before his death is to talk to a rock." " Thou hast sufficiently avenged thy wounds, Congal," said Dubhdiadh, " make an eternal peace with thy foster-father and the arch-chieftains of Erin, and fly from the defeat of Tuesday, on which [it is foreseen] thou wilt be slain, and the chiefs of Ulster about thee in one place." A Englisli. of Ireland, and flourished about the year of " TlioM art not. — Ni oac, i. e. nnn es. the world 3227, according to O'Flaherty's ° Race of Ollamh Qicme Ollorhan, Chronology. — See Ogygia, Part III. c. 29. i. e. the race of OUamh Fodhla, who was This monarch was ancestor of Congal and one of the most celebrated of the monarchs of all the Clanna Rudhraighe. Z2 ÍTainic anD pn raenn célli cumaii^c Do Chonjal, ^up canu|^ca]i: cm t>' ápD-claniiaib li-lji puai]i re]imann a\\ riuj-ba, no maipiuy jan majibat»? ocuy^ ip Dej-iiig maji Oomnall co n-apD-maicib Gjienn uime, o pimrap a po-mapboo, ocup ip imcuibDi D'Ullcaib o'á n-aipleach t)o'n cup-pa, ap Congal. Ocup cioeat) po cpiallainD reiceo in racmp pea ocup mo repopjain ap riuj-ba, map a raic mo Dpairi '5a oepb-paipcine Dam mo cuinm ip in cacap-pa; ni cepaip5 rpú reicheO; ni rapba éc D'mgabail, uaip cpi h-uaipe nac imjaibrep, .1. uaip éca, uaip jene, uaip coimpepca, ap Gonial. Cen CO h-imjaibrep éc, imgaibchep 65, ap Dubomó, uaip ni Oeip pe Dia Dep5-maprpa ap Dainib, ocuj- arbepr in laiO pi: Imgaib aj 'p poo imjéba, a Chonjail TTlullaig TTlaca, mac Qeoa, mic Qinmipech, cujuc 1 cenn in cara. In car pm po rogbaipiu, ip po puajpaip cen laije, ip pnam mapa móp-connaig Duir carujaD pe c'aiDe. In cac pin po rojbaipiu, a laic ceipr na Da cómlann, biD pnam mapa mop-connaig Duic caruguD pe Domnall. Domnall P Descendants of Ir. — t)' apo-clannaib stantly heard to say " what is to happen ]p The most distinguished of the race must happen : whatever God has fore- of Ir, son of Milesius, were the Clanna seen must come to pass exactly as he Rudhraighe, of whom Congal was at this foresaw it, and man cannot change the time the senior representative. manner of it by any exertions of his own." 1 It is profitless to fly from death. — This The common saying among them is, "/? is still the prevailing feeling among the teas to happen.'''' illiterate Irish peasantry, who are con- ' Mullach Mocha. — TTIuUaij ITIaca, '73 A confused gleam of reason then beamed on Congal, and he said, " Which of the great descendants of Ir" has got protection against final destruction, or will live without being killed ? And it is a good kins like Domhnall, with the arch-chieftains of Erin about him, to whom it belongs hy fate to have the kilhng and slaughtering of the Ultonians on this occasion," said Congal. " But though I shoidd at- tempt to avoid this battle and save myself from final destruction (for my druids are making true predictions to me that I shall fall in this battle), yet flight has never saved a wretch; it is profitless to fly from death' ; for there are three periods of time which cannot be avoided, viz., the hoiu: of death, the hour of birth, and the hour of conception," said Congal. " Although death cannot be avoided a battle may be avoided," said Dubhdiadh, " for God does not like that men should be slaughtered ;" and he repeated this poem : " Shun the battle, and it will shun thee, O Congal of Mullach Macha' ; The son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, Approaches thee at the head of the battle. In that battle which thou hast raised, And which thou hast proclaimed without feebleness ; It is the same as swimming over the mighty-waved sea, For thee to contend with thy foster-father. In that battle which thou hast raised, just hero of the two combats. It is the swimming over the mighty-waved sea, For thee to contend with Domhnall. Domhnall the summit or hill of Macha, i. e. of the Christ, 332, though not included within hill of Armagh. Congal is called of this the limit of Ulidia, his own principality, place, because it was in the territory of which comprised no portion of the present his ancestors, previously to the year of county of Armagh. 174 Oomnctll Dúine apD balaip, paijii ná pluaj in Oomain, oa n-OeapriDaip ojim allTnapaig, Do piiicpiDip Do in conaiji. Gol Dam ainm in Daipe pea, CO ci in bpaca Oaipe in lacha, biD e ainm m muije pea mag cuanach ITl 11151 T?afa. 610 rriag par o'n jiocli-mal pa, mag op aipep m ácha, Cajinn Conjail in cnoccm pa, o niuj CO lain in bpacha. biaiD Siiibne na jealcugan, biD eolacli peac gac n-Dingna, biD gealcón rpuag pann-cpaiDec, bio ua-aD, ni ba liimDa. Imgaib. ' Dnmlinall of the lofti/ fort of B alar. — tDoiiinall Di'iine apo 6alaip Dun-Ba- lait: The site of this fort is shown on Tory Island, off the north coast of Done- gal, where there is still a vivid recollection of Balar, its founder, who is famed in the bardic history of Ireland as the general of the Fomorians, or sea pirates, in the second battle of Magh-Tuiredli, fought about the year, A.M. 2764, according toO'Flaherty's Chronology. — See Ordnance Map of Tory Island for the exact situation of Dun Balair. King Domhnall is called of Dun Balair, not because he resided there, but because it belonged to Tirconnell, the principality of his own immediate tribe. The custom 6a of calling people after such places is very common among the Irish poets, but it leads to confusion, as it is often applied in too vague a manner. ' Oak-grove. — tDaipe, is translated ro- boretinn by Adamnan, in his Life of Co- lumba, Lib. i. c. 2, 20, 49. ^Daire in latha, is in Mac Morissy's copy more correctly tDoipe na placa, i. e. the oak grove of the prmce or king. There is a place of this name near Dungiven, in the county of Derry, anglicised Derryna- flaw, but the name is not now to be found at Moira, where this battle was fought, so that the druid is out in his prophecy. '' Suibhtie shall be a lunatic. — óiaió 175 Domlmall of the lofty fort of Balar' Is nobler than any o/'the host of the world; If the foreigners would do my bidding They would for him leave the way. I know Úxe future name which this oak-grove' sltall bear, Until the day of judgment — Daire in latha". The name of this plain shall be The beautiful Magh Rath. It shall be called Magh Rath from this prosperous battle, A plain over the brink of the ford ; This hillock shall be called Carn Congail From this day till the day of judgment. Suibhne shall be a lunatic", He shall be acquainted with every fort", He shall be a pitiful, weak-hearted maniac ; Few, not many, shall be his attendants. Shun," &c. It SuiBne na;^ealcu5an That is, Suibhne, to Suibhne's constant roving from ont the son of Colman Guar, chief of Dal place to another. Din^nu signifies ufort Araidhe. — See Buile Shuibhne, or, " The Madness of Suibhne," a curious romance, generally added to the Battle of Magh Rath, for an account of the rambles, freaks, and eccentricities of this chieftain, after the Battle of Magh Kath, from which ho fled panic stricken, in consequence, as it is alleged, of his having received the curse of St. Ronan Finn, abbot of Druim Ineas- glainn, now Drumiskin, in the county of at the present day, all madmen are made Louth, whom Suibhne liad treated with to repair to be cured of their malady. la indignity. Mac Morrissy's copy, however, this line " He shall be acquainted with every fort, reads, bio ecclac pe jac n-ioona, i. e. he — 6iD eoluch pec jac n-oinjna, alludes shall be afraid of every kind of wea])on. or any remarkable place, and it appears from the romance just referred to, that Suibhne was almost constantly moving about from one remarkable place to another throughout Ireland ; but though he is re- presented as having visited the most ro- mantic and best-known localities in Ire- land, it is strange that he is not made to go to Gleann na n-gealt, in Kerry, whither. 176 6a oimciín do Oiiboiao pif na pip-jaij-'i Do cairem pe Gonial; ace cena |io comgaipeao Ceann con co Gonial, .1. jilla raijiipi oo'n cjiior nnliD, jiipa paiDepcuji li-e D'pipiiugaD cleci Gonaill ocup aipt)-5|iinne 6050111, o'piop in ]iabat>ap jlaip no jeimleca icip cac t»á n-ánpaiD n-incomlainD acu. mop Do canaD a céc-compaicib a cupaD, map Dectpbrap ctp Dejigpuba Gonaill : Ro cinDper comaiple cpuaiD, Qipnelac, mac r?onain l?iiaiD, Ocup Suibne TTlinD Do'n muig, TTlac pi'p-japra peapaoaij: ^eimel inp each oa cup Do Glionaill ocup o' Gojan, Go nd parhlab 05 na pen Oib 5émaó cennca ceiceD. Inunt) uaip po cuipeo Genn con pe rupoeilb na copca pin ocup |io irhpa Domnall t>eipel ap copugat» in cara, ocup po péguprop Oomnall Dap min-oipbib in muiji, ocup ar conaipcpum cuigi Genn con, ocup pa aicin aDbap a coicill ocup a recraipecca ; conaD oipe pin, po pdiD pe rpen-pepaib in Uuaipcipc: or ciupa cugoib gilla DO jiUib Congail ocup Genn con a comamm pein, ocup Do peDappa aDbap a roichill. Do raiDbpeD bap ruapupcbala pi ocup d' pippugaD bap n-innill, in buD conjlonnca copaigri bap cupaiD, ocup mun buD eoD lac, co na cópaijeaD Gongal apD-mairi UlaD na allmupac 1 n-glapaib, na 1 n-jeimlecaib. GonaD aipe pin, a 05U, bap aipD-pig Gpenn, leagap lib-pi eappa ocup iccapa bap n-eippiuD, ocup bap n-ecguD co rpaclic-aiDlennaib bap rpaijeD, d' polac ^ Phalanx, S)'c. — Cliar ccirais explained rissy's copy, p. 71, by the modern words by Peter Connell, in his Dictionary, as a nenpc no oainjean, i. e. " strength or bnl- body of men in battle array, and he ex- wark," but the latter word must be under- plains gpinne, in the margin of Mac Mo- stood here as applied to that arrayed di- T77 It was vain, however, for Dublidiadh to waste the knowledge of true wisdom on Congal. Ccnncon, a faithful servant of the lordly hero Congal, was called, and he despatched him to reconnoitre the phalanx" of the race of Conall, and the great bulwark of the race of Eoghan, to see if they had locks or fetters between every two of their fighting soldiers, as had been proposed in the first consultations of their heroes, as is proved in Dergrubha ChonailP : "They came to a stern resolution, Airnelach, son of Ronan the Red, And Suibhne Meann, on the plain. The truly expert son of Feradhach, To put a fetter between every two heroes Of the races of Conall and Eoghan, So that neither young nor old To them, though pressed, might suggest flight." At the exact time that Cenncon was sent to perform this business, it was that Domhnall turned round to the right to view the array of the battle; and he looked over the smooth surface of the plain, and perceived Cenncon coming towards him, and perceived the cause of his journey and message. Wherefore, he said to the mighty men of the north, " I see approaching you a servant of the servants of Congal, by name Cenncon, aud I know that the cause of his jom^ney is to re- connoitre so as to describe you, and to ascertain yoiu" battle array ; to see whether yoiir heroes be linked together with fetters, in order that if they should not be so, Congal may not array the arch-chief- tains of Ulster or of the foreigners in locks or fetters. Wherefore, O youths," said the monarch of Erin, " let down the verges and skirts of vision of the monarch's army which con- i Dergrubha Chonaill, was evidently an sisted of the Cinel Conaill, Cinel Eoghain, ancient Irish historical tale, but the Editor and Oirghialla. is not aware that it is at present extant. IHISH AKCH. SOC. 6. 2 A 178 polac ocup D'pojibibaD na paeii-jeimlec pen-ia|iainD fniTn-cen- jailci, ]io li-imnai)'ceD ojmib. Uógbaíó ocup caipbénaÍD, cpoicíó ocup cpichnaijíó na plabpaDu pimicinci, polup-iapname, po piiib- íjeó ap bap n-jeimlecaib glan-cúmra, glap-iapaint), ocup cabpaib rpi cpom-jaipi bopba, buaDnaipeclia, buippeoaigi, t)0 cup gpaine ocup geineoecca ip in n-gilla, cuniat) bpéc-reccaipecc bpaplainsi Do bepao o'lnnpaigit) Ulab ocup allniapac. i?o cincao in cecupc pin 05 cpen-pepaib in Uuaipcipr. Ocup ap cinneD caca caingne Dap popconjaip in r-ctipD-pij oppo, co rucpaDap cpi rpom-jaipi, bopb-buaDnupacct, buippeaDciiji, cop liriaD, ocup gup luar-mectDpaD in jilla DO 5|iain ocup Do geniDecr, d'oiUc, ocup D'paenneall, ocup D'poluamcdn, gop ob eaD po cecpaigepcap cuije, gup geniel glan- pciDac, glap-iapainD Do peagaim irip cac Da cupaiD Do Conall ocup d' Gogan ip in uaip pin ; ocup po mnra ucnrib D'lnnpaigib Ulaó ocup allmapac, co pa innip a airepc, ocup gup ragaip a recr- aipecr ba piaDnaipi Doib. Ip De pin po canupcap Congal, ca Vi-aipm a puil OubDiaD Dpai, a ógu, bap eipium ; Sunna, bap eipiin, mm paba ppi paipcpi, ge moD Depcaipi ppi Demin Duir, op OubDicfb, ocup ni raiccep ppir e, ge maD acalluiTn mcleci ba lamn lee. Oo [.i.Dol] Duic amlaiD, bcip eipium D'aipcpi ocup D'pippégaD pep n-Gpenn uaim-pi, gup ob Do peip Do fepra ocup Do uuapuy^c- bala ap plcnnb puiniD, coipécac-pa mo cara, ocup puiDigper mo pocpaiDe. Ip '■ Raise and shoic — It seems difficult at were in the hands of the soldiers, and ready first sight to understand the apparently for use, yet that they were not actually inconsistent orders given by the monarch put on. Another difficulty arises from to his men, to hide their fetters, and at the spy being represented as imaginini/ the same time to exhibit and clank the what was really the fact. Perhaps the iron chains attached to them. His de- writer intended to intimate that the spy, sign probably was to make Congal's mes- in his terror and panic, reported what his senger believe that although the fetters story proved he could not have seen ; it 179 of yoiir battle-coats to yoiu- heels to cover and conceal the noble fetters of well-cemented old kon, which have been ilistened upon you. Raise and show^, shake and rattle the beautiful, bright iron chains which are fastened to your well-formed fetters of blue iron, and give three heavy, fierce, exulting, terrific shouts, to strike terror and dismay into the lieart of the servant, that he may bring back to the Ultonians and foreigners a false and deceptive message." The mighty men of the north attended to these instructions : when the monarch had finished each of lois commands, they gave three heavy, fierce, exulting, and terrific shouts, by which the servant was filled and quickly confused with horror and dismay, and with dread, awe, and panic, so that what he imagined Avas, that there was a bright fetter of blue ii'on be- tween every two of the heroes of the races of Conall and Eoghan at that time ; and he tiu'ned from them towards the Ultonians and the foreigners, and he told his story, and stated the result of his message in the presence of them. Then Congal asked, " "Where is Dubhdiadh the druid, youths," he said. " Here," replied the other ; " I am not experienced at reconnoitering, even though I shoidd recon- noitre for thee in earnest," said Dubhdiadh ; " but I shall not dispute with thee, even though thou shouldst desire me to obtain a private interview." " Thou art to go, therefore, from me," said he [Congal] " to view and reconnoitre the men of Erin, and it will be accordino- to thy accoimt and description of the chiefs of the west that I will array my battalions and arrange my forces." Then is evident, at least, tliat Congal was dis- quainted -with any parallel for the singu- satisfied with the report of his first mes- lar expedient of chaining the soldiers to- senger, from his sending Dubhdiadh to gather, in order to prevent one from flying reconnoitre a second time, and bring him without the consent of the other; nor is it a more accurate account of the state of spoken of as a new device, or one peculiar the enemies' forces. The whole story is toDomhnall, for Congal evidently expected extremely curious ; the Editor is not ac- it, and was prepared to follow the example. 2 A 2 i»o Ip ano fin oo oecaio Duboiaó co IvQpD na h-innaipcfi, conao ayy po pegupcap uaDa, ocup ar conaipc in cac-laem cupaca, co- paijn ap n-a comeajap, ocup in r-pocpaiDi ponaipc, pap-innillci ap n-a puiniujaD; ocup jcp b' iniDa aipecc eianiail, ocup gpinne gpamemail, ocup paep-ppluag j^oinennail ap n-a puiDiugaD o'pea- paib Gpenn in aen inao, nip an, ocup nip aDaip, ocup nip oelij- epcap aipe, na aijneo, na inncino OuiboiaD i n-Dpeim Dib pin, acr inaD ip in cpen-pocpaitn rapbtta, cop-afapDa, cuaipcepcaij, ac conaipc pe cneap in apD-pIacha h-ui Qinniipech, pe 5]iuainDacc ocup ]ie gpainemlacc na laec]iaiDi pin leip, con-a n-gpeann-mof- paib goipcit)!, ocup CO n-a claO-mailsib cupao ic polac ocup ic popbibaD paipcpena na peinneo. Ocu)" Din pe h-upjpain ocup pe h-anaicencacc leip na leno-bpac ligoa, leuh-paDa, lebap-clannac, ocup a n-inap n-óip-eajaip ap n-a poppilleD Dap popinnaib na pip- laech. Qcc cena po combuaiDpir cecpaDa OuiBoiaD pe popjpain a paipcpena, ocup po inDca uaicib co nnnepnacli, ocup a reanga ap lurli, ocup ap luamain, in eaDap-poll a aigri, 05 ru]i ocup ic rpiall, ocup ic nnnpceDul cepca ocup cuapupcbala na cpen-poc- ]iaiDe pin Do rabaipr; ocup cáinic peine co lap lotigpoijir UlaD ocup all-mapac, gup in inaD ap comoeip Do each a compégaD ic ctipneip a airipc, ocup ic cagpa a reccaipecra, ocup po mora ap apD-mairib UlaD ocup allmapacli, ocup opbcpr na bpiarbpa ya: Ctr ciu car-laem cugaib-pi, CI Ullru 'p« allmapcu, Oil-car áginap epiDein, CupciiD * Ard na h-imaircsi, — i. e. the hill of *■ Excepting onhj. — This clearly shows the espying or reconnoitering. In Mac that the battle was written to flatter the Morissy's copy it is written more correctly, pride of the Cinel Conaill. Qpo na h-iompnipccre. ' Wide-folded shirts ('^eno-Kpac was i8i Then Dubhdiadh went to Ard na h-imaircsi", and from it took his view; and he saw the heroic army arranged and arrayed, and the powerful, well-appointed forces drawn np ; and though many a various band, terrible troop, and noble well-looking host of the men of Erin were there stationed together, the observation, mind, or attention of Dubhdiadh did not dwell, fix, or rivet itself upon any battalion of them, excepting only" upon the might}', IjiiU-like, puissant northern battalion, which he saw close to the monarch the grandson of Ainmire; but by these his whole attention was arrested, on account of the sternness and abhorrent fierceness he observed in their heroes, with their proud-tufted beards, with their warlike prominent eye- brows [seeminglj/l overshadowing and obscming their vision, and on account of the horror and strangeness presented to him by their glossy, half-length, wide-folded shirts", and by their gold-embroidered tunics'' returning over the shoulders of these true heroes. In short, Dubli- diadh's senses became bewildered from viewing them, and he turned from tliem quickly with horror, with his tongue moving and vibrating in his mouth, assaying, attempting, and designing to give an account and description of that mighty army. And he came on to the middle of the camp of the Ultonians and foreigners to a place where all might conveniently view him, reporting his story and deUvering his message, and he turned to tlie arch-chiefs of the Ultonians and spake these words : "I have seen a mighty aimy approaching you, O Ultonians and foreigners, It is a mighty, valiant army. Composed evidently the linen vest dyed with saffron, "^ TuiiicK. — Incip is e.xplained by the with long and open sleeves, often men- Latin word tunica, in a voeabulary in the tioned by Encdish writers as worn by the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, (H. 2. soldiers of the Irish chieftains. 13.) l82 CuyiaiD cpoDn, coy^numac, P|iaect)a, potinma]!, po|icamail, Sepmacli, peicjiec, porecctipc, Uaijicpech, cpiac-lonn, rai|npinecli; Co n-iinat) apm n-mnillci, pá'n car ap na copiigat), piaich péij, pera, poipcinecli, Pigoa, ]io-5ap5 puirenrct, Dipuicli, t)peach-Dep5 ooic-lebap, ^nuip-liac glonn-ineap, gpuciD-copcpa, Qp ceapc-láp in caca j'ln, '^á copruo, '5a cópiigaD, '^á IciiouiD, 'jc'i luamaipecc ; ^aetiil uime ap apnfi-lapaD, Ic poillpiugaD pijiinDi, Na plara op a puilic yean ; Upiclia railjenn rojaiOi, r?e li-ua Seona ag palm-ceaDuL; Ml poicli inclecc aen Duine, Ml C1C o'mnpcne aen renjaC), ^emaD cenja rpe-poclac, pip-ujDaip no olloTnan, T~úp na ceipc, na ciiapupcbail, DoiTinaill CO n-a Deaj-Tniiinncip, T?e h-iTinat) a n-óg apmacli, Pe jaibcige a n-gaipceDach, r?£ ^ The Gaels. — ^aeóil uime Gaedhil -vvriter wished to make the Druid remark is the name for the Irish of the Scotic or that king Domhnall had the Gaedhil only Milesian race in general ; and the name is about him, while Congal had people of here rather incorrectly applied, unless the different nations who would not fight i«3 Composed o/' brave, defending heroes, Who (ire iluious, willing, valorous. Firm, puissant, docile, Aspiring, lordly-strong, invincible, With abundance of well-prepared weapons Throughout the arrayed battalions. A KING fierce, intelligent, steady, Royal, furious, resplendent, Upright, ruddy-faced, long-pahned, Grey-visaged, active, red-clieeked, I In the centre of that army. Steadying it, arraying it. Exhorting it, guiding it ; The Gaels' around him glittering in arms. Showing the legitimacy Of the king under whom they are ; Thirty select clerics^ * With the descendants of Sedna, singing psalms; No intellect of man could conceive. Nor could the language of any tongue. Even the íAr^e-worded tongue Of a true author or Olave, Recount, delineate, or describe Domhnall and his good people. From the number of their armed youths. The terribleness of their champions, The with the same enthusiasm for Congal as a distinguished saint or ecclesiastic. It liis own countrymen and blood relations could in this sense be translated by the would for king Domhnall. Latin Antistes, which Colgan generally '' Clerics CpichcicailjennrojoiDi iipplies to St. Patrick. Here the word cailjenn is used to denote i84 l?e lenpOacc a laecpaiDe, Tie meanmnaiji a nnop-milet), T?e cjnar-luinne a rpén-caipec, T?e niaTn-5|iain a nocr-claiDem, Pe pcar-jlaine a pciar-lui]iec, l?e h-oll-5]iirh a n-ec]iait)i, l?e por|Uini a panTi-b|iacac]i, Ic imluat), ic eicealaig, Ctp mnaib a n-ápD-cpaípec ; Qen D]ieni Oib po oeppnaigper, Oo jappaoaib glan-póola, Cenel Conaill compcitiiaig, Cinet) in pig po nepcniaip, 'N a rimcell '5a cepapgain, Ic peiDuijat» peme-piiin, Cliompaip caca cach-lctirhpec. Uiucub ttuib na cuapiipcbail, Na rapb-coonac rucnpceprac : Oub-pluag Oécla, oanapoa, Pepjac, poprpen, pomópoa, ^puamDa, glann-meop, gnmp-leran, Qpt), oDuarmap lac-pioe, Co P-jpeann-Tnorpaib joipciOe, Ic riiije 'p ic cimcellaD, Q n-5puaD ip a n-julban-pum ; Ct leacan a laec-pmeijeaD, Clobal eao a n-ulcan-pum, ImpigiD 8 Fierce. — tDanapoa literally means ^ Fomm-ian-like — Tlie Foniorians, ac- Dane-like, fierce, and the existence of the cording to the Bardic History of Ireland, word here shows that this story was com- were African pirates, who settled on the posed after the arrival of the Danes. coast of Ireland in the early ages of Irish i85 The numerousness of their heroes, The hÍQfhmindedness of their great soldiers, The lordly vigour of their chieftains. The glittering dreadfulness of their exposed swords, The brightness of their defending coats of mail, The high-spiritedness of their steeds, The rustling of their standards Streaming and floating From the points of their lofty spears. One party of them excel The hosts of famed Fodhla, The valiant Cinel Conaill, The tribe of the very puissant king himself Around him defending him, Clearing the wm/ before him. The obstructions of each battle-field. I will give you the description Of tlie bull-like northern chieftains : A bold and fierce^ black host, Furious, mighty, Fomorian-like", Grim, agile, broad-faced, Tall, terrific are they, With tirfted beards' Covering and surrounding Their cheeks and their mouths. Their faces and their heroic chins. Great is the length of their beards ! They history. They are described by the Irish IV. [1465], by which the Irish living writers as cruel and tyrannical. within the English pale are commanded ' With tufted beards See Act 5 Ed\^^ to shave off the beard above the mouth. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 B i86 Impigio 5a n-imlennaib ; Clao-mailgi na cac-mileD, popbjiic ca]i a pabjiaDaib ; bpocbla na pep pomopDa, bpuic op-luaig 1 poppilliuD. Uap pojiinnaib na pip-laec pin ; Cpoicenn clum-Oub ceacnaici, Inopamail coc aen loraip, pil iTinpu ap na poppilleo ; Ni léig nieo a menmanpam, Doib apo-cennup D'aen Duine, Qcr began ap bparaippi, popaemaic o'lm Qinmipec ; ^cin cip, na gan comepgi, Uarib DO rig cigeapna, Leac upgpaine oppopuin T?iap na li-uilib Gogain pea. lTlaip5 t)o pia oa paigm piiim, map a caic pa cigepna, Ina cpó pa chnep-bpuinne. Q Ullcii 'p a alliTiapchu, TTlaipg pop pil ic pupnaioi, In aipn-pig pa n-epjic piuni, Q t)elb-pein ip t)e]ipcnai5ci, Da cac Deilb Dap Deg-cumaD, TTlap epca 'n a oll-cuigea6, Sainail aigri ]i-ui Qinmipech, No map 5pein op glan-pennaib, Opeac Domnaill oji Depg-lapaD, Op cinD caicli acciii. l?i5paiD 18; They reach to their navels. The prominent eyebrows of the warriors Grow beyond their eyelashes. The garments of these Fomorian men Are valuable embroidered garments folded Over the shoidders of these true heroes ; The black- wooled skin of a sheep Is the hkeness of every article of dress "VVliich is folded about them. The greatness of theii'highmindedness does not permit them To give supremacy to any man, Except a Uttle, which, through relationship, They cede imto the grandson of Ainmire, Nor tribute, nor obeisance Do they render to the house of a lord. They bear a kind o/half detestation To all the race of Eoghan. Wo to those who seek them, Because they stand by their lord, As a rampart to his very breast. O Ultonians and foreigners ! Wo also to those who are awaiting The monarch with whom they rise up : His aspect is more dignified Than any that was well-formed ; Like the moon, in his great province Is the face of the grandson of Ainmire. ( )r like the sun above the brirfit stars Is the face of Domhnall red-glowing Above all who see him. 2 B 2 The i88 Pigpaio Q1I15 oll-jorac, Ct]io-clann Gogain anjiaca, 8)1 na Colla compamac, O'aen caib pip na h-Gojancaib, Oo Deip Domnaill Doic-lebaifi, T?i5paio UennKicli caeb-glaine, CujiaiD Cpuacna claD-uaine 00 car-clui na Conallac; Laijnig Cianina lenn-inaipi, niuimnij TTluiji mop pennn, Ocup CIiai]'il comoalaig, 1 copcaD in cara pin, 'N-a popmnaib 'n-a lap-cúlaib. Q amaip, a an-uppaiD, QipD-pij Gpenn eccaiji, Oll-cpian ^aeDel jabairi'Uiin, T?e li-éjigi, pe li-impepain, 1 Clip cafa ac ciu. Qr cm c. ^up*^ F^T '^ paelaib 00 copp, ap Conjal, ocu)- jupa pailm piac ópmuije óp do bpuinne, ip pimil nacli ap claiip cerpana ap cupaD, ocup nac ap niearaip meipnec ap mop-pluaj, pe remne na re pea i The loud-Boiccd. — The compounded of Connaiight, so called from Cruachan, adjective oU-jorach, which was the cog- now called Ratli-Croglian, which was the nomen of two of the Irish monarchs, is chief seat of the kings of Connaught. translated grandimciis by O'Flaherty, in ■" Lagenians of Liamhain. — Caijnij Ogygia, part III. c. 31. 6iaiTina. — The inhabitants of Leinster " Race of puissant Col/as Sil nu were called í-aijrii^ f.iariina from Oun 5-Colla, i. e. the men of Oirghiall. i,iuiTinu, now Dunlavau (in the west of ' Green-sided Cruachan. — Cupaio Cpu- the county of Wicklow), one of the ancient aclina, i. e. the inliabitants of the province residences of the kings of that province. 189 Tlie loud-voicecP princes of Ailech, The hiííli descendants of valiant Eodian, The progeny of tlie puissant CoUas", At the side of tlie race of Eoghan, On the rifdit of the lonij-palmed Donihnull ; The princes of the fair-sided Tara, And the heroes of the green-sided Cruachan', With the famed battalion of the Conalhans, The Lagenians of Liamhain" of beautiful shirts, The Momonians of the great plain of Feimin", And of Cashel of assemblies, To support that battahon, In squadi'ons, in rear-troops. The soldiers, the adherents Of the monarch of noble Erin, — The third part and upwards of the Gaels have come To rise up to contend, in the van of the army Which I have seen. I have seen," &c. " May thy body be a feast to wolves°," said Congal, " and may the ravenous ravens rejoice over thy lireast ; thou hast almost subdued the senses of oiu* heroes, and destroyed the courage of our great troops by the strength of the account and description which thou hast '^ Plain of Feimin muije Peirhin, of S^P" F^T "^ Foettnt do cop p, is nioderu- the plain of Feimen, a celebrated plain in izeJiuMac Morissy'scopy jup ab péip or the south-east of the county of Tipperary, paelconaib do copp. The word paeLa is extending from Knockgraffon southwards certainly here used to mean wolves, though to tlie River Suir, and Ironi Cahir to the most usual name for the wolf is Sliabh na m-ban, and to the boundary of paelcu or niaccipe. The last native the territory of the Hy-Eirc, in the south wolf seen in Ireland was killed on a of ancient Ossory. mountain in the county of Kerry in tlie ° May thy body he a feast to teolces year 1725. I go repca ocu|' na cuapuj^cbala cucaip ap apD-nmirib Gpenn, pa n-aipD-pij. Qcc cten ni, ni h-incpeci o'ánpaDaib ppera piabaipri, f eacpánaca, paeb-popcecail na pean-DpuaD, ap na yiabpaD t)o cic- nellaib na cpine; ociip ni mo ip ineDaip pipe puijli ocup popniolra papa, popbannaca, poppáiblije na pileD, ap n-a m-buiDeciip Do bpecaib cpoma, raipbepcaca rpiar gaca cipe ina reacaiD. Qcc acání cena, ap Conjal, cuingim-pi pam' cpéióib ngepnaip, imun-bat) pell ap emec Dam-pa Dpai no Deijpep Dana Do Dich na Do DicennaD, ip Do luar-imcap mo lama-pa ncpaDip Do cpom-nella nug-bap-pa pepiu pa cumaipcDip na cam ceccapDa pa ap a cell. Leic app, ale, na h-impaiD manaipcep, ap OubDiaD, muna ri mo caec laici ciug-ba-pa leac ip m laicea pea i puilim, a CViongail, a cuinjiD, ni muipbpepu mipi na neac eli Dap eip aiplig na h-aen- TTiaipri j'ca ; uaip ni biapu 05 ba5up na 05 buoDnaipi ap biDbaiD o'n mai]ir-laifi pea amac co bpuinne bpara. Qcr aen ni, ciD aDbal agaib-pi mo cepca-pa, ocup mo cuapupcbala op cpiar buiDnec Uaillcen, ocupapglépi n-^aeDel, bai5im-pi bpiarap, jiipa bee DO rpian a repca ocup a cuapuj'cbala 1 ranac-pa gup rpapra. Qp nip pupail ainjel d' ainglib niam-poillpi naem-nime do cupem a repca ocu|> a cuapu]'cbala, .1. pe puicnib a pig, ocup pe h-apm- ^pain a n-aipec, ocup pe mepnig a mileD, pe comcnuc a cupaD, pe ^puamDacc a n-gaipceDac, ]ie lonn-bpuc a laecpaiDi, pe caipm- 5pic a cpen-pep, pe li-olbDocc a n-amup, pe b-aclaime a n-ojbaD ; ocup Din pop pe puacDacc a pepji, pe jpain-paipcpi a n-jaiclenn, pe baDh-Dlup a m-bpacacli, pe loinnpige a luipec, pe clap-len a cloiDem, ocup pe leapDacc a lebap-pciac, pe páp-Dluici a pleag ap n-a P The wavering, 8;c These look very "^ I swear by my characteristics of a lord, like the words of a modern sceptic, but — i. e. by my courage, my valour, my muni- there can be no question about the ge- ficence, and other attributes inseparable nuineness of the passage. from the true character of a chieftain. 191 hast given oí' the arch-chiefs of Erin under their monarch. But there is one thing, the wavering'', imaginative, wandering, false-instructing words of the old di'uids are not to be believed by warriors, they hav- ing grown obsolete by the showery clouds of antiquity ; neither are the empty, vain, and fabulous words and panegyi'ics of poets cheer- ing, which are remimerated by the heavy awards and rich rewards of the chieftains of each countiy in which they come. But be this as it may," said Congal, " I swear by my characteristics of a lord'', that, were it not a \'iolation of protection' in me to put to death or behead a druid or good man of poetry, it would be from the rapid motion of my hand tliat thy heavy clouds of final dissolution would be brought, before these two armies should come in collision with each other." " Lay aside these unbecoming sayings," said Dubhdiadh ; " unless my day of final dissolution shall be brought about by tliee this day, ui which I exist, Congal, hero, thou shalt not kill me or any other person after the slaughter of this one Tuesday ; for thou shalt not threaten or menace an enemy from this Tuesday forth till the day of judgment. But there is one thing, though strong ye deem my account and description of the populous prince of Tailltenn and of the choicest of the Gaels, I pledge my word that I have as yet given but a little of the third j;ari of the description and account of them, for it would require an angel of the bright angels of sacred heaven to give an account and description of them, in consequence of the magnificence of the king, the terror of the arms of the chief- tains, the corn-age of the soldiers, the emulation of the heroes, the grimness of the champions, the force of the warriors, the fiery vigour of the mighty men, tlie dexterity of the soldiers, and activity of the youths ; and in consequence, moreover, of the stubbornness of their anger, the horribleness of viewing their javelins, the closeness of their standards, "■ Protection, einecli in tliis sense undoubtedly means protection or guarantee. 192 n-a pumiujao 1 lainaib a laec-mileD. Clcr aen ni, po pao peiDm, ocup po pao upmaipi aijiij no pip-laic puipec pe pégao a peinneo, ocup pe caiohpeO a cuapupcbala, .1. pe bpepiiTi, ocup pe bolgpa- Daij a cupaD, ocup a car-mileat), pe ppenjail ocup péirpeDaig n y^innpep, ocup a pen-Daine ic pancugat) Da Imp paijio pi ; pe ppuchlao ocup ppianjaip a n-jpaigi n-5lépca, n-jlomap-cennpa, 1 5-comlur pa caipprechaib, 1 copcuD ocup ic cotinugao in cafa impu ap each aipD, gup ob pcica, pceimnneca mairi na mileo, pe men a peoma, ic popujuD nn peap, ocup ic coDnugaD in cara, uaip ni cennpa a cupaio pe coonugao, ocup ip cocpaD pe rpiaraib a '' Coats of mail. — Tie loinnpije a lui- pech The Irish word luipech, which is supposed to be derived from the Latin lorica, certainly signifies a coat of mail, but antiquarians do not admit that the Irish had the use of mail armour so early as the period at which this battle was fought. Giraldus Cambrensis, who describ- ed the battle dress of the Irish in the twelfth century, says that they went naked to battle : — " Preterea niidi et inermes ad bella procedunt. Habent enim arma pro oiiere. Inermes vero dimicare pro audacia reputant et honore." (Dist. III. c. lo.) And O'Neill's bard, Mac Namee, in de- scribing the havoc made of the Irish in the battle of Down, fought in the year 1260, states that the English were in one mass of iron, while the Irish were dressed in satin shirts only. f.eaccpom do cuaoap 'pa car ^oiU ucop^aeiDil Cerhpac: í'.émce caeúi-ppoiU ap cloinn Chiiinn, ^oill .n I n-aen-Kpoin lapuinn. "Unequal they entered the battle, The Galls and the Gaels of Tara : Fair satin sliirts on the race of Conn, The GaUs in one mass of iron." If, therefore, luipech means mail ar- mour, it would go to prove that this ac- count of the battle of Magh Rath was composed after the Irish had adopted the custom of wearing armour from the Eng- lish, unless it be proved that the ancient Irish themselves had the use of it, and left it off afterwards in the twelfth and thir- teenth centuries; but this will liardly be admitted. The utmost that can be argued in favour of the antiquity of the tale is, that it might possibly have been composed after the Danes had introduced the use of armour into Ireland. But it looks on the other hand very extraordinary, that there is no mention made of the battle- axe throughout this whole story, a fact which would seem to prove that it was written before the time of Cambrensis, W'hen almost every Irishman carried a 193 standards, the shining of their coats of mair, the hollow broadness of their swords^ the great size of their shields, the closeness of their lances' fixed in the hands of their warhke soldiers. But there is one thing, it would be the business and improvement of a chief or true hero to remain to view their heroes and conceive their descrip- tion : the shouts and acclamations of their heroes and warriors, the panting and aspirations of their seniors and old men coveting to attack you ; the snorting and neighing of their caparisoned, bridle- tamed steeds bounding under chariots", supporting and command- ing the battle around them in every direction ; so that the chiei's of the soldiers are fatigued and excited from the greatness of their exertion in restraining the men and commanding the battle, for battle-axe, as they do walking-sticks at present. " De antiquá. imo iniqua con- siietudine, semper in manii quasi pro ba- culo securim bajulant^ &c. &c., a securihus nwWsi seniritas.'''' (Dist. III. c. 21). ' The hoUoici broailness of their swords - T3e ckip-leci a j-cloioem. — In Mac Mo- rissy's copy pe jlun-ccnrneiriici a j-cloi- oearii, i. e. by the bright glittering of their swords. It is remarkable that Giraldus Canibrensis makes no mention of the sword among the military weapons used by the Irish in his time, though it appears from all their own histories, annals and histo- rical tales, that they had the cloioerh, i. e. gladius or sword, from the earliest dawn of their history ; and indeed the omission of the sword in Giraldus's de- scription of Irish military weapons is sufficient to throw great doubts on liis accuracy ; but it may have happened that IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 their in his time the Irish generally used the battle-axe instead of the sword. Spenser describes the Irish sword as a hand broad in his own time, and seems to consider that such was derived from the Scythians, from whom he believed the Irish to be descended. ' Z«/?fes. — The Sleaj was certainly the lance or spear. " Charioteers. — pa caippcechaib. — This seems to refer to war chariots. The word caippcech is thus used in the Lea- liluir Breac, fol. 49, h, a, which puts its meaning beyond any doubt : — Qirpech cpti la popano in cecujuo cuca]'cup 00 clomo Ippael, co came ina n-oeajuio pe cec CQlRpDGCh cenjcnlce, ocup pepcac mile cpoi^rech. This is a reference to Exodus, xiv. 7 : — " And he took six hundred chosen chariots and all the chariots of Egypt," &c. C 194 o rai|iiTiepc, ocup ip regupca cogctiDi cigejinai]", ocu]-' ip puijli péiji, pellpamariOa, popbapcaca pileo popcap ocup impuipjep lar jan bap n-innpaigiD Dcqi in peib, ocup Dap in pmgaib po opoaigper bap n-apD-naim, ocup bap n-ollomani aODpaib; uaip ip aen peim ocupaen pun acu uile o'a bap n-inopaijio. Rojabparap niop-cara ITIuinan uiian ocup molbraigi pe manoap na mop-5liao ; poppar lainnecha, lan-olbiia Laigin co laraip t)'a luac-copnam ; poppac cpoDa, comDicpa cupaiD Cpuacna ocup Connacc pe comppejpa in cara ; poppac bpocla, bopb-páirecli, bjieag-pluaj boinne, ocup taeclipaiDLiarliDpoiTia; poppac púncaig. pancaca, papaijcig bopb- pluag bajacb, biapcaigi, búippet>c(c, copcpac, cpooa, caipDemail, laecDa, luac-japg leonianca, pepjac, pop^puctmna, pepconca, cennap, cecpaoacli, comceneoil Conaill, ocup Gogam, ocup Qip- giall o'aen-caib ocup D'aen-laim ocup D'aen-aigneo d'c'i bap n-inn- paijiD. Uaip ip ucdcib nacli élaicep, ocup ip rpicu nac cia^ap, ocup ip caipppib nac cogaipcep, ocup Din, ip Do combaig, ocup Do comepji na cupaD pin cugaib-)'! nac paicpi Duine Do'n Dine Deioe- nac pa Ulaó ocup allmapac a cuac inc» a cpeab-aicme. Ocup Din ciD ihpi DO paemaD anoD ap pc'im-comaDaib píóa, rii li-anpaD in c-apD-pIaicli-ua h-Qinmipec, ap n-ep^i a pepji, ocupap copujaD a caca, ocu|> o'n uctip po laDpac ocup po inicompaicpec ime a n-cien- pecc conieajap cupaD Conaill ocup Gojain ocup Qipgiall, ni mo na DO mipbuilib aipD-pij na n-uili cicpaD caipmepc cpeacain ocup cpen-puacaip '' TIte Bregian hosts of the Boy nc ópej- not agree with the ancient authorities, pluaj 6óinne. — The River Boyue flows which place the plain of Magh bolg [Moy- through the plain of Bregia, which was bolgue] in it, and describe it as extending the ancient name of a very extensive tract beyond Kells, and as far as the River of Meath, containing five cautreds or ba- Casan. ronies. Dr. O'Conor says that the Boyne opea^-j^uaj 6oinne, would also bear formed one of its boundaries, but this does the translation "the fine troops of the 195 their heroes are not mild to be commanded, and it i.s a turineut to chieftains to be restrained ; so that it is the judicious instructions of lords, and the keen, philoso^Dhic, and instructive words of the poets that restrain and keep them from attacking you, contrary to tlie directions and rules made by your saints and ollaves between you ; for tliey have all the same bent and determination to attack you. The great battalions of Munster have got a desire and thirst for fight at the onset of the great conflict. The Lagenians are spear- armed and fully prepared to maintain the field. The heroes of Cruachain and Connaught are brave and dihgent to attend the battle. The Bregian hosts of the Boyne' and the heroes of Liath- druim" are furious and menacincr. The races of Conall and Eoghain and the Oirghialls are active, covetous, oppressive, fiu^ious, menac- ing, vulneriferous, uproarious, exulting, brave, united, heroic, ra- pidly-fierce, hon-like, angry, grim, dog-like, slaughtering, vigilant with one accord one hand and one mind to attack you. For from them no escape can be made, through them no passage can be forced, and over them no force will prevail. And of the union and rising up together of these heroes to you it will come to pass that not a man of this last tribe of the Ultonians and foreigners will ever see his country or tribe. And moreover, even though ye should now consent to come to the tranquil conditions of peace, the monarch the grand- sou of Ainmire would not, his anger being raised and his army being arrayed for battle. And since the combined bodies of the heroes of the races of Conall and Eoghan and the Oirghialls have closed and luiited Boyne," but this is evidently not the stantly used by the poets, to the no small meaning intended. confusion of their readers. For some ac- " Heroes (if Liathdruim <'>aechpaiD count of the five ancient names of Tara ^ladiopoma — Liathdruim was one of the see Petrie's History and Antiquities of ancient names of Tara Hill, which is con- Tara Hill, p. io6. 2 C2 196 ryien-puoraip in apD-plara b-ui Quimipec o'c't bap ri-inTi]''ai5iO ; jup ob puaill nap rapni-cpicnaij m calam pa a rpaigcib, ap n-Depjao a Dpechi, ocuf ap n-jpipao a gpuaiDi, cip puaininiujao a piiipc, ocup ap nocroD a niam-claiOiTn, ap pclantj-bepcujaD a pceir, ap rocbail ocup ap caipbenaD a cpaipiji cenn-^nipme cara op a cino 1 cepc-aipDi, pa'n ppoll-mepgi pimicniD, ppebnaioi, paeb-copacli, polup-pennacli, penca, pa ppecliair, ocup po puiDijic pleja ocup bparaca bpeac-mepgeaoa aipD-pi5pait)i 6penn uile, ap cac aipo, ocup aobepr na bpiarlipa pa : l?o cójbaic na mepji reap, ag pum Oomnall ip in rpep ; ni'c bia luag puicpi tio cenn, ac cm cac puoli pij 6penn. Qrciic uile na pomul, ni geib eagla na omun, ip ea6 luaraijip in car pep5 iTioji ap li-ua Qinmepecli. ITIéo a claiDim gapra guipm, puil na oeip t)érla DuipnO ! ip méc a pceir nioip pe aip, nieo a Iccigne learan-glaip. Puilic cpi neoill op a cint), nell 50pm, nell t)ub, nell pino ; nell jopm m gaipceD glain gle, ip nell pinD na pipinDe. puil * Consecrated satin banner Senca. — Cinel Conaill ; it was kept by Magroarty, The catbach of St. Columbkille wliich was who resided at Ballymagroarty, near the a consecrated reliquary of that saint, was town of Donegal. generally carried in the banner of the 1 The size of his broad green spear. — 197 luiited around him together, nothing less than the miraculous inter- jiosition of the King of all will stay the fury and mighty onslaught of the monarch the grandson of Ainmire against you. And the earth had almost quaked under his feet when his face reddened, his cheek blushed, and his eye spai'kled, when he exposed his bright s^vord, when he adjusted his shield, and raised and exhibited to view his blue-headed warlike lance over his head aloft, under the variegated, streaming, floating, star-bright, consecrated satin banner", about which are placed and ranged the lances and variegated bannei's of all the chieftains of Erin from every quarter ;" and he [Dubhdiadh] said these words : " The standards have been raised to the south ; There is Domhnall in the battle ; Thou wilt not be joyous, thou shalt leave thy head ; Thou shalt see the mighty army of the men of Erin. They are all alike ; They take neither fear nor dread ; What hastens the battle Is the great anger of the grandson of Ainmire. Oh the size of the expert blue sword "VVliich is in his valiant right hand ! And the size of his great shield beside it ! The size of his broad green spear'' ! There are three clouds over his head, A blue cloud, a black cloud, a white cloud ; The blue cloud of fine bright valour. And the white cloud of truth. There TTleD a laijne learan-jlaip. Gratianus province of Leinster took the name of Lucius renders the word laijne, laiicea, in Laighen from the introduction of the his translation of Keating. It is stated broad-lieaded hmce by Lalihra Loingsech, in the Bardic History of Ireland that the one of its kings, from Gaul. I9S puil op a cino 05 eigmij, caillec lom, luar ag leimnig of eannaib a n-a]iiii j^a pcior, i|' 1 in TTIoppigu mong-liacli. In pot) ctp a puipinenn pm, 'p cqi a coipnenn a rpctigio ]ie TiiéD po puannnig a jiopc, ip Dia nia'p cualainj n cope. Comaipli uaim oom' araip, biD comaipli co pacain, pe inioiiini nci car co n-gpain, a Dc't pijit) DO rogbail. i?or. Ipann pinpomir) ocuppo miiaiDnij lapla ainjir, erpocap Ulao, .1. Congal Claen, comaipli Duaibpecli, DemnacDa, o'lppugao erig- numa Ulao ocu)' allmapach, Do rcpciigiiD a rapaiD ociip a rpen- lamaig pe cup in cafa, nac jabaD ociip nacli geimligeD Dib acr each Dpem ap a n-aipeocan élang, pe cup ociip pe reprugiiD a rapaiD. ConaD e aipeag uapapcap pum oppo pe ppomao caca pip UUraij ocu]^ t>'pi)' allmajiac, .1. cac pa peach uairib Da innj^ai- 51D 1 ppim-ij-raD a piiibb. Ocup pep puacDa, popgpanna co n-Diib- 5a ti-Duiabpec co cmD coiDlige cpuaiD lechaip in aicill popgaim 1)' in Dapa h-iippainD, ocup pepglonn popmep pip-gpanDa peapcon ip in 'Morrigu. — ITloppiju. — She was one of rigii is introduced as the Belluna of this the wives of the Dagda, and the goddess people. In the Book of Leinster, fol. 1 6, of battle among the Tuatha de Dananns, b, b, she is called the daughter of Erumas, the colony which preceded the Scoti or and said to have resided in the Siylii or Milesians in their occupation of Ireland fairy palaces. See Battle of Magh Tuiredh, preserved * The Earl of Ulster. — lupla Ulao. — in the MS. H. 2. 1 6. in the Library of Is larla an original Irish word ? Was it Trinity College, Dublin, where this Mor- borrowed from the Danes ? or are we to 199 Tliere is over his liead shriekiiiii A lean, nimble hag, hovering Over the points of their weapons and shields : She is the grey-haired Morrigu^ On the sod on which he treads, On which he lays down his foot. So much has his eye sparkled. None but God can repress him. An advice from me to my father, It is an advice with reason. Before the battahons of terror shall be viewed, To raise his two hands. The standards," ike. It was then the malicious and merciless Earl of Ulster% Congal Claen, ruminated and imagined a dire, demoniacal design, to test the valour of the Ultonians and foreigners, to try their activity and might at arms before engaging in the battle, in order that none of them might be restrained or fettered excepting only such as would betray an in- r/iiiiifioii to flight" on their courage being tested and tried; so that the scheme he adopted for proving every true [/. e. truly courageous] Ultonian, and for testing every foreigner was this : each of them res- pectively was to go in to him to the principal apartment in his tent, while a fierce and terrible man, with a black, fearful javelin" with a hard leather head, in readiness to thrust, was at the one jan:b [of the come to the couclusion that this battle ■: Fearful javelin. — Pep co n-oub-ja, was written after the time of John De &c For a similar anecdote, see Leahhar Courcey, who was the first person who Gabhala of the O'Clery's, an extract from obtained the title of Earl of Ulster? which is printed in the Preface to Circuit ^Flight. — Qp a n-aipeocaiD. — The text of Muirchertach Mac Neill, published by is here corrected from ilac Morissy's copy, the Irish Archaeological Society, p. 2 1. 200 in uiipaint) ele co n-uimapc itn|iema]i ictjinaioi aip, i cengal oo cimilli cocaijri congbala. buacaill bpojoa ic a b]io|'raD 'na cepc- papaD pe cope no com^pepacr. Ocup in ran cicpan Ullcctch no allmapac eruppu, in inao a aimi^ijri, oo bepeo pep m cpuaD-jai cinD coiolije popgiim aip ip in Dapa h-iippaint). Ocup cbpeb in CÚ C11151 po'n curna cerna ap in iippnino eli. Oa pilleD noDa pop- pcáraije in pep pin pe puipnieo pip in popgann ocup pe cpunD-sloiin in chon ic up-noccao a piacal ocup ic comopluguo c( cappaic o'á cepcaD no Da rpen-gabail, Do gabra ocup Do jeimbgfea gan puipec e-)'ein. Ocup Din in re ricpaD jan ]iopachc jon pobiDjaD a li-uaclibápaib m aipij pin Do leigrea jan lan-gabail. Qcr cena ip e pob aipi^iD upjctbala pe cac ip in cleap ym DubDiao Dpai. D015 ip pe ppnn-pegi na puipb ]io popraD ocup po li-upgabaD epéin ic Dola ap Dibla ocup ap Dapacr, pe huacbap m popjaim )'in. CiD cpacc ni ppic pep gan élang no jan enplen co pepDonnin puilec, mac ImoiTiain, uaip ba li-epem con ciucliail in coin cpe n-ct cappair gup compoinD a cpaiDi d'ó claiDeni cara 'n-a cbctb, ocup ]io opr pep in popjaim ip in u]i]iainD eb 'na cepc-DcgaiD jan caigill Da cpaipij. Ocup ciicuprap rpi beimenna biobanaipgan caigiU jan compéjaD, Do Gonial, Do Dijail a Dobeajic cqi Ullcaib ocup ap allmapacaib, jup mapbupcap ^niji ^ann, inctc Glaip Oeipg, a Dalra, ba piaonaipi Do. Ocup a ^illa 5^'U^ 5*^"^"' "^^^^ Sluagciin, ceann cumDaij ocup coinmopra caca claen-Dala le Congal. Im jabaip lapla UlaD pepDonnin ic cabc(i]ir 111 rpcp beiiu, gup benuprap inclaiDeni ina ce|ic uiao, gup compainD in imDaig n-c(ip- ecaip ^" He was taken and fettered, Si'c. — i. e. fly from the battle except by general con- thoso whose courage did not stand the test sent. Those whose courage had stood the of passing into the tent between the armed ordeal, were not so secured, because it was warrior and the hound, were tied together taken for granted that they would "byde so as to render it impossible for them to the brunt to the death." 20I tlie door of the tent], and a fimous, swift, fearful liouud at the other jamb, having on him a thick iron collar, fastened to a strong pole to keep him; a sturdy boy beside him to check or incite him; and when an Ultonian or foreigner would come between them, where he could be attacked, the man with the hard leather-headed javelin was to make a thrust at him from the one jamb, and the hound, in like manner, to spring at him from the other jamb. Should the man to be chosen turn back, or take frischt at the attack of the man with the spear, or at the dire onset of the hound exposing his teeth and ex- tending his jaws to tear or hold him fast, he Avas taken and fettered without delay''. But he Avho had passed the horrors of this mode of trial, without panic or dismay, was left without restraint. The first man, whose coiu'age Avas, before all, tested by this plan, was Dubhdiadh, the Druid, for he was stopped and taken on the highest pole [^ridge- pole] of the tent, having been panic stricken and driven to distraction at the horror of this attack [i. e. mode of trial]. In short there was not found a man who did not shrink and fly from it except Ferdoman the Bloody, the son of Imoman^, but he cleft the hound's jaws and cut in twain its heart in its breast with his warlike sword, and im- mediately after slew Avithout mercy with his lance the man loho was armed with the spear at the other jamb, and rushing into the tent he made three hostile blows at Congal without mercy or consi- deration, to revenge upon him his evil treatment of the Ultonians and foreigners, in exposing them to the ignominy of such a trial, and slew Gair Gann, the son of Elar Dei'g, his foster-son, in his presence, and his servant, Gair Gann, the son of Slugan, the latter the chief con- triver and plotter of every evil counsel for Congal. The Earl of Ulster avoided Ferdomau in giving the third blow, and the sword struck the « Ferdoman the BJoorh/, the son of lino- account of this warrior has been found in man. — peapoomun mac Imomain. — No any other document. IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. 2D 202 ecaif cpempi co calmain. Qcc cena baijini co pi]i, ap pepoo- mun, nac Depnaip t)o Dupcao Oibepgi, net o'popbao pip-uilc icip Giimn ociip Qlbainnac aiclipino-pea ope, muna imgaibrea in man. Ctcc oca ni buD aipcipi anD, .1. epji gup rpapcct, ocup na cara do copuguD, ocup na cupaiD 00 conigpej^achr, ocup na h-apD-mairi D'acalkmn, ina na h-amainpi ocup na li-ainijne cucaip ap Ullcaib ocu]^ ap allmapacaib Do'n cuaic-bepc ju)^ rpapca; uaip ip peiDm op na peomannaib, ocup ip popneapc nac pulaingcep plcuch-pig peap puiniD, .1. Oomnall, mac Qeoa, t»o nepr-ppeajpa aniug. l?oc pia buaio, a cac-miliD, ap Congal, ip peer l?uD]iai5each pin, ocup ip ppegpa pip Ullcaij ; ace cena, bm a pip ajuc-pa, gopa pep p]iei^cai1 cacha plara, coipc ocup cuppaign caca cupao Conjal, ap peioni ocup ap engnum, ap Duchup, ocup ap Deg-jnim. Ocup pa luaiDecap in laiO pea, ocup laibejirap ip in laiD, ap ip ertpbaoac ó'a li-aobaji : Gpij, a Clionjoil TTiaca, ocup copaig na caca, mop in peiDm pa cucaip laim, pig map Oomnall t)o oinjbail. CiD ma but) peiom mop Dom' laim, t)uine ap t)omun do Dingbail, me boDein am ponn caca, ^ am ua pij ip po-placa. PinnaiD ^KuujnfthemenoftheWest plaich- nell ; it occurs very i'requently in the pij pep PuiniD, — i. e. of Ireland. Keating Book of Lismore, but it is not explained writes that Crioch na bh-Fuineadhach, in any printed Irish dictionary. i. e. the county of the Hesperides, was the ^ The argument of which is defective second name which was given to Ireland. This shows that the writer of the story had ■^Success. — Roc pia, a verb defective, is ancient MS. authorities for his facts, explained take or receive by Peter Con- ' Macha TDucha, — i. e. of Armagh. 203 the exact spot where he had sat, and cut the royal couch in twain to the earth. " I swear truly," said Ferdoman, " that hadst thou not slunk from thy place, thou hast not stirred up any disloyalty, nor effected any certain evil between Erin and Alba, which I would not have revenged upon thee. It would have been more becoming in thee to have risen up at once, arrayed the battalions, roused the war- riors, and harangued the arch-chiefs, than to have annoyed and insulted the Ultonians and foreigners by such a perverse deed as thou hast just committed ; but it is an exertion beyond exertions, and an efibrt of Avhich we are incapable, to respond to the king of the men of the West^ Domhnall, son of Aedli, this day." " Mayest thou have suc- cess^, warrior," said Congal, " what thou hast said is the paroxysm of a Rudrician and the reply of a true Ultonian. But be it known to thee that Congal, for his vigour and dexterity, for his descent and goodly deeds, is a man to respond to any chieftain, and to withstand and repress any hero." And this poem was spoken, the argument to which is defective" : Ferdoman. — " Arise, O Congal of Macha", And array the battahons, Great is the task thou hast taken in hand, To resist a king hke Domhnall." Congal. — " Why should it be a great exertion for my hand To resist any man in the Avorld, I myself being a bulwark of battle. The grandson of a king^ and a great prince. Know J Grandson of a h'nff—dm ua jn j.— history has preserved, being the senior re- See pedigree of Congal, at the end of this presentative of the ancient kings of Eniania volume, from which it appears that he or Ulster, whose history is more certain had just claims to all that he boasts of, than that of any other line of princes pre- fer he was descended from the most heroic served in the Irish annals, not e.xcepting and most ancient line of princes that Irish even the monarchs of the Hy-Niall race. 2 D 2 204 pinnait» 5a lín aca amuij, mac QeT)a, aijio-pij Q1I15? in pinp neac uaib 50 pe, in Im t)Oib ina DÚinne? Coic cuijiD, a Depo]! ann, acaic in lacaib Gpeann, ara]c uile, aioblib 50!, 1 c'agaiD ace aen coiceo. Qca iina|icaiD eli, ir cenn, a iii l?u6]iai^e, ac coiceo pein, peiom n-gialla, Conall, Gojan, Qipjialla. Qlbanaig uaim na n-ajam, ip C1115 ceo a Cint) TTlajani, tJinjebac ciiiget) mciD cac, ceqii TTieic aiUi Gachach. TD'amaip ociip mo DeopaiD, 1 n-ai^ió Ceneoil Gojairi, me boDein ocup mo jaill, 1 n-agait) Ceneoil Conaill. O' UUcaib noc ap piipail lem, a ceicpe comlin 'na cenn, nip lia laec cpuaió Do clecc jail, d' pepaib Gpenn na t)' Ullcaib. Ro ^ Arch-kitig of Ailech. — Qipopi^ Ctilij. end of this volume. — After the desertion of Tara, in the ™ Cenn Maghair. — Cinri iTla^aip is still year 563, the monarchs of the northern so called, by those who speak tlie Irisli Hy-Niall generally resided at Ailech, near language, but anglicised Kinnaweer ; it is Derry. situated near Mulroy Lough, in the baro- ' Descendants of Rudhraighe. — Q ui ny of Kilmacrenan, and in the county Ruópciije — See Congal's pedigree at the of Donegal. In the paper cojij' Dun ITlo- 205 Know ye the number that are yonder With the son of Aedh, arch-king of Ailech"? Does any among you know as yet, Whether they are more numerous than we ?" Ferdoman. — " The five provinces, it is said, That are in the land of Erin, Ai'e all, — great their valour, — Against thee, except one province. There is another odds Against thee, descendant of Rudhraighe', In thine own province, — a capturing force, — The races of Conall and Eoghan, and the Akghialla." Conga/. — " The Albanachs from me against them. And five hundi'ed from Cenn ]\Iaghair", The lour beauteous sons of Eochaidh Will repel one province in the battle. My soldiers and my exiles Against the race of Eoghan, Myself and my foreigners Against the race of Conall. For the Ultonians I would not deem it too much To have four times their number against them, There were not more heroes", accustomed to battle. Of the men of all Erin than of the Ultonians. Of naiD is read instead of Cinn ITla^aip, ster alone produced as many heroes as all which seems the correct reading, for Cinn the other provinces put together. The Magkair did not at this period belong to modern Ultonians, of the ancient Irish or Congal, and he could not, therefore, have Blilesian race, still retain this conceit of any forces out of it. their own valour, as the Editor has had " There icere not more heroes, — i. e. Ul- frequent opportunities of learning. 2o6 r?o paD t)ib Concobaji coip, po paD Dib pepgiip, mac RÓ15, po pat) t)ib 00 Clioin na clep, ]io pat) t)ib Conall comt)ep. l?o pat) t>ib t)o claint) r?o]'a, pecc meic aiUi pepjiipa; po pat) t)ib Celrcuiji na car, ocup Laejnijie buaDach. l?o pat) Dib lucr Conaille, Qenjiip, mac Larnne ^aibe ; po pat) t)ib, ba pepjiDe in Dal, Naipi ocup Qmli ip QpDan. ° Concholhar ConcoBap, — i. e. Con- cliobar Mac Nessa, king of Ulster, under whom the heroes of the Red Branch flou- rished, as has been already often remarked. "^Fergus, the son of Roigh. — pepjjup, mcic 'Roijh He was king of Ulster immediately preceding Conchobhar Mac Nessa, by whom, and whose myrmidons, he was dethroned. He afterwards passed into Connaught, where he was received by Olill, King of Connaiight, and his queen, the celebrated heroine Meave, who assisted him to wage a war on the Ultonians, which was carried on for the space of seven, or, according to others, ten years. 1 Cii of the feats Cu na-j-cleap, — i. e. Cu of the feats of arms. This was Cu Chulainn, one of the heroes of the Red Branch, who is called by the annalist Tighernach, '■\fortissinnis heros Scotorinu.''^ ■" Conall. — Conall, — i. e. Conall Cear- nach, another of the heroes of the Red Ro Branch ; for an account of whom see Keating, in his account of the heroes of Ulster who flourished under Conchobhar Mac Nessa. ^ Jtace of Ross. — Clann Ropa, — i. e. the descendants of Ross the Red, the son of Rudhraighe, ancestor of the Clanna Rudhraighe. ^ Sons of Fergus Secc meic pepjupa. — The seven sons of Fergus, that is, of Fergus Mac Roigh, mentioned above in Note P. These wereEoghan, Feartlachtgha, Core, surnamed Feardoid, Ciar, surnamed Moghtaeth, Corniac, surnamed Moghdoid, Uada Ethlenn, and Corbolonn. Meave, Queen of Connaught, was the mother fif three of these sons, viz., of Conniac, Ciar, and Core, who became the founders of many powerful families — See Ogygia, Part HI. c. 46, and Mac Firbis's Genealo- gies of the Clanna Rudhraighe. " Celtcliar of the battles,- — Celccaip na 207 Of them was Concliobhar° the Just; Of them was Fergus, the son of Roigh'' ; Of them was Cu' of the Feats ; Of them was ConalF the Comely. Of them were the race of Ross', The seven beauteous sons of Fergus' ; Of them were Celtchar of the Battles", And Laewhaire the Victorious". Of them too were the people of Conaille, Aengus, son of Lamh Gaibhe™, Of them were, — of whom they would boast,- Naisi, Ainli, and Ardan". 3-car. — He was one of the heroes of the Red Branch, and gave name to Dun Celt- chair, a very large fort near the tovm of Downpatrick. — See Book of Leinster, fol. 66, a, where he is called of Letli glais, another ancient name for Downpatrick. Colgan writes of this hero as follows, in a note to the life of St. Bridget by Animo- sus, Lib. ii. c. 99 : " Hie Keltcharius nu- meratur in vetustis nostris hystoriis inter jjraecipuos Hiberniae heroes seu athletas, rioruitque tempore Concavarii regis Ulto- niae circa ipsa Filii Dei Incarnati tem- pera." — Trias Thaum. p. 566, n. 52. ' Laeghaire the Victorious. — Caejaipe ftuaoac. — He was also one of the heroes of the Red Branch : for an account of his death see Keating. The chiefs of Ulster, before the expulsion of Fergus Mac Roigh into Connaught by his successor, Concho- bhar Mac Nessa, are set down in a vellum MS. in the Library of Trinity College, (H. Of 2. 1 6. p. 759.) as follows : " These were the twelve chiefs of Ulster : Fergus Mac Roich, Conall Cearnach, Laeghaire the Victorious, Cuchullin, Eoghan JNIac Durthacht, Celt- chair Mac Uitechair, Blai Brnghaidh, Dubhthach Dael Uladli, Ailill Milteng, Conall Anglonach, Muinremur Mac Gerr- ginn, and Cethern Mac Fintain." They were all at the Banquet of Bricrinn, of which a curious account is given in the Book of Leinster. '^Aengtis, S07i ofLaynk Gaiblie Qengup ÍTIac 6aiiTie ^uibe. — He was also one of the heroes of the Red Branch. Some ac- count of him and his father, Lamh Gaibhe, or Lamh Gabhaidh, is preserved in the Book of Leinster, fol. 73, «, a. " Naisi, Ainli, and Ardan. — These were the three sons of Uisnech, celebrated in the Romantic Tale called Oighidh Clainiic Uisnech, published by Theophilus O'Fla- nagan, in the Transactions of the Gaelic 208 l?o pat) Dib-pin aji poooin, clann cupaca Concobctip; |io pat) Dib Oubcliac ó' n Lino, ip Tilunjiemaji, mac ^eppjint). l?o pat) t)ib, ap in Tarn raip, Cerhepn pip-^apg, mac pinnrain, po pa t)ib, ba japb a n-jail, Ctmaipgin pijDa Peocliait». Po pa t)ib, — ba peppDi pin, — pepgiip, mac Leioe liirlimaip; po pa Dib, a n-am na cpeacli, Cachbam, Congal Claipingnech, Society of Dublin. They were cousins- german to the heroes Cuchiillin and Co- nall Cearnach,asO'Flanagan shows in that work, pp. 24, 25. '' Sons of Condwhlwr Clann cupaca Concotaip — i. e. the sons of Conchobhar Mao Nessa, King of Ulster, who distin- guished themselves in the war between Con- naught and Ulster, in tlie first century, for an account of which see Keating's Histoiy of Ireland, and tlie celebrated historical tale called Tain Bo Cuailgne, of which the most ancient copy now extant is preserved in Leabhar na h-Uidhre, in the possession of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, Colleare- green, Dublin. O'Flaherty says (Ogygia, Part III. c. 48) that this Conchobhar had above twenty- one sons whose descendants are e.xtinct these man3r centuries. The nine most distinguished of his sons are enumerated Ro Duald Mac Firbis in his pedigrees of the Clanna Rudhraighe : niciicne Concobciip tin pi^, 6a h-UUcoib ba liiop a ni-bpi^; Ml place a n-úpa nc'i 5-car NonBip poDUp pápui.^peaó; Copmac ba ConUnnjip lainn, pionncao, ^laipne, ip Conam^, niaine, CumpjpoiD bet cuorh jné, piacha, piachnu, pupbuioe. " The sons of Conchobhar, the king. Among the Ul tonians great was their vigoi' ; There never engaged in skirmish or battle Nine who would subdue them : Cormac Conluingis, the strong, Fionnchadh, Glaisne, Conaing, Maine, Cumsgraidh of fair countenance, Fiacha, Fiachna, Furbuidlie." ^ Duhhikach He was the celebrated Dubhthach DaelUladh, one of Conchobhar in the follov,"ing ancient verses, cited by Mac Nessa's household It is stated in 209 Of them were likewise The heroic sons of Conchobhar'' ; Of them was Dubhthach of Linn^ And Munremar, son of Gerrginn*. Of them, on the Tain [cattle-spoil] in the east, The truly fierce Cethern, son of Finntan", Of them was, — fierce his fight, — The reg-al Amairrrin Reochaidh^ of them was, — better for it, — Fergus, son of Leide the supple** ; Of them were, in^ times of plunders, Cathbhaidh" and Congal Clamngnech'. Of the Book of Lecan that the lands which were his patrimonial inheritance were, soon after his death, inundated by Lough Neagh. * Munremar, son of Gerrguin. — ITlun- pemnp mac ^eppjmo He was one of the heroic chiefs of Ulster in the time of Fergus See Book of Leinster, fol. 73, a,a, where he is mentioned as one of the heroes who claimed the honour of dissecting the famous pig called Muc Datho, at a banquet given by a Leinster chieftain. '' CVMecw, son of Finntan Cerepn mac p\nncain He was one of the twelve chiefs of Ulster in the time of Fergus. — See Book of Leinster, fol. 62, a., where he is called the grandson of Niall Niamh- glonnacli of Dun da Ijheann. He is a very conspicuous character in the very ancient Irish Tale called T(tin Bo Cuailgne, which is the Tain referred to in the text. East in this line alludes to Cuailgne, in the east IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 of Ireland, in the present county of Louth. ' Amairgin Reochaidh QmaipjinReo- caiD He was the father of the famous hero Conall Cearnach. His pedigree is given by Mac Firbis, thus : — " Amergin, son of Cas, son of Fachtna, son of Caipe, son of Cionga, son of Rudhraighe, the an- cestor of the Clanna Rudhraighe." '^Fergus, son of Leulethe supple — F^P" jup mac Ceioe He was the grandson of the monarch Rudhraighe, from whom all the Clanna Rudhraighe are sprung. In the Book of Leinster, fol. 65, b, b, he is said to have resided at Line, now Moy- liuny, in the county of Antrim. ^ Cathbliadh CacbuD, — i. e. Cath- bhadh, the druid, the father of Conchobhar Mac Nessa, King of Ulster. f Congal Clairitignech was the son of Rudhraighe Mor, and monarch of Ireland, according to O'Flaherty's chronology, about the year of the world 3889. E 2IO Vio pa oib — anjbaiD in paino, — Ijiml Uairne, mac Conaill. jio pa Dib ac cup na r]iep Curhpc|iaiD, Co|imac Conloinjep. UlaiD ac mioa a ti-écca, a co)'ca|i ni coiDécca ■^vy in TTlaipc pi pop TTluig Rar, Ó DO ciiipper a ceD car. Cac Raram, cac l?iiip na pig, car Ouma beinne ip blaD pip, car Goaip, ann po h-anaO, car pipbeoDa pinO-capaD. Car nap b' iipupa D'áipiin, ic 5ai]ii5, ic lolgaqijcci, cac po bpip ap pluag Seinne, bpiplec ITiuiji TTluipcemne. 8 Irial Uaitline^ tlie son ofConall Ipial Uairne mac Conaill. — He was generally called Irial Glunmhar, and was King of Emania, or Ulster, for forty years, and the son of Conall Cearnacli, one of the most distinguished of the heroes of the Eed Branch.— See list of the Kings of Emania, aá taken from the Annals of Tighernach, in Note C, at the end of this volume. '■ Cumhscraidh. — Cumpcpaio. — He was one of the sons of Conchobhar Mao Nessa, King of Ulster, and succeeded his father as King of Ulster for three years. He was slain in the year of Christ 37, according to the Annals of Tighernach. ' Cormac Gonloinges. — He was the son of Conchobhar Mac Nessa. i Battle of Rathain Car Raram Ceo No account of this battle has yet been dis- covered. There are many places of the name in Ireland, of which the most cele- brated is Rathain, now Eahen, in the King's County, about five miles westwards of Tullamore, where Saint Carthach of Lismore erected a church. '' Battle of Bos na Rigk Cac Ruip na pij, — now Rossnaree, situated on the River Boyne, near the village of Slane, in the county of East Mcath. This battle was fought in the beginning of the first century, between Conchobhar Mac Nessa, King of Ulster, and Cairbre Nia Fear, King of Tara, with his brother, Finn FUe, King of Leinster. The Lagenians were defeated. A short account of this battle is preserved in the Book of Leinster, fol. 140. 211 Of them was, — valiant his deeds, — Irial Uaithne^, the son of Conall, Of them in fifihtinij the battles Were Cumhscraidh" and Cormac Conloinges'. The Ultonians ! many their exploits. Their triumphs were incomparable ■ To this Tuesday on Magh Rath, Since they fought their first battle. The battle of Rathain^ the battle of Ros na righ". The battle of Dumha Beinne' of true fame, The battle of Edar", where a delay Avas made, The truly vigorous battle of Finn-charadh". A battle which was not easy to be described, From shouts. — from various shouts, — The battle in which the host of Semne" were defeated, — The Breach of INIagh Muh'theimhne". The King of Leinster, and liis people, on the other. In this battle Mesgeghra was slain by Conall Cearnach, who took out his brains and carried them off as a trophy. ^Buttle (if Finn-charadh Car pinnca- paó. — No account of this battle has yet been discovered, nor has the situation of the place been determined. ° The host of Seimne Slua;^ Seimne. — The Ultonians were sometimes so called by the bards, from the plain of Seimne, situated in the territory of Dal Araidhe, in the south of the present county of An- trim. — See Colgan, Trias Thaum. p. 183, n. 2 1 9. P The Breach of Magh Muirtheimhne. — 6piplech niuije rDuipreimne Magh 2 E 2 ' Ditmlm Beixne, — i. e. the mound of Beinne. No account of this battle has yet been discovered, nor is the situation of the place certain. It is probable that this Dumha., or mound, was on the plain of Magh Mucroimhc, near Athenry, in the county of Galway, where Beinne, the son of the King of Britain, was slain, A. D. 240. — See Ogygia, Part III. c. 67. ™ Edar, now the Hill of Ilowth, in the county of Dublin, not far from the city. The battle here referred to, — which was caused by the exorbitant demands of the poet Athairne from the people of Leinster, — was fought between the poet Athairne, Conall Cearnach, and Cethern Mac Fintain, the Ultonian side, and Mesgeghra, 212 Cer» la Concobaip t)'á claint), ocup Oepj-puarap Conaill, D'á cue pepjup, — popum n-jle, — na rpi Tnaela ÍTIióe. Seer cara im Cairip Conpui, apgain pmmain, mic popui apgain Conpui ba buan blao, mi I'ecr niacaib Dec Oeaóab. Ni Depnnpac: ban-ecca ban, pluaj Gmna, aipecc Ulab. acr mao TTIujain, cpia na peipc, ucup TTleob uacmap, oipoepc. Noca Muirthemhne was the ancient name of an extensive plain near Dundalk, in the pre- sent county of Louth. The battle here referred to was made the subject of an Irish romantic tale, of which there are many paper copies in the collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, College-green, DubUn. '' CoHchobhar gave his sons. — Ceo la Concobatp o'a cloinn. — The story is un- known to the Editor. "Derff-ruathar Cltonaill. — ÍDeapj-pu ar- iA\i Chonaill. — This is also the name of an historical Irish Tale. ^MadsofMealh. — t)'á o-cuc pepjup. — The story to which this line refers is un- known to the Editor. ■ Cathair Conrui. — Cartnp Conpui, — i. e. the caher or stone fort of Curoi Mac Dairi. It is still the name of a mountain situated about six miles S. W. of the town of Tralee, in Kerry, near which Curoi Mac Daire, King of the Deagads of Munster, resided in the first century. In the Book of Leinster, fol. 1 6, «, i, it is stated that the Lecht or monument of Curoi is on Sliabh Mis mountain, of which Caherconree is the highest part. The Carn or sepulchral pile of Curoi is still to be seen on the north-east shoulder of this mountain, but his caher, or fort, has been long since destroyed, though Dr. Smith, in his His- tory of Kerry, states, that the ruins of it were to be seen on the summit of the mountain in his own time. But this is utterly erroneous, for the feature called Caher Conree on this mountain is a natural ledge of rocks. " Fiamuin, son of Fond. — picimum mac popui It is stated in the Book of Leinster, fol. 1 6, a, b, that Fiamuin Mac Forui was slain at Dun Binne. He was 213 The first day wliicli Conchobhar gave his sons^ And the Derg-ruathar ChonailF, In wliich Fergus, — noble the deed, — Took the three Maels of Meath'. Seven battles around Cathair Conrui', The plundering of Fiamuin, son of Forui", The plundering of Curoi, — lasting the renown, — With the seventeen sons of Deaghaidh. The host of Emania\ the host of Ulster, Have never committed woman-slaughter"', Excepting in the case of Mughain, through love of her, And the hateful, hut illustrious Medhbh. a Munster cliieftain, and cotemporary with Curoi Mac Dairi. The Death of Fiamuin formed a distinct story. — See Preface. ^ The /lost of Emania. — Sluaj Gamna. — The ancient Ultonians, or Clanna Rudh- raighe, are so called from Eamhain RIacha, • the name of their ancient palace, which was built by Cimbaeth 309 years before the birth of Christ, and in which thirty-one of their kings resided. It was destroyed by the three CoUas, the grandsons of King Cairbre LifFeachair, in the year 332, according to the Annals of Tighernach See list of the kings of Emania at the end of this volume. Its remains are still to be seen about two miles to the west of the town of Armagh, and are, without a single ex- ception, the most extensive of their kind in all Ireland. It was described by Col- gan as follows in 1 647 : " Emania propé Ardmacham, nunc fossis latis, vestigiis murorum eminentibus et ruderibus pristi- numredolenssplendorem." — Trias Thaum. p. 6 — See Note on Craobh Ruadh, infra. ^Hace never comviitted wo»ian-s/aiu//iter. — Ni oepnpuc ban-eccu bun, — i. e. they never disgraced themselves by slaying women, except in two instances, namely, in that of Mughain, who was slain through jealousy, and that of Meave, Queen of Connaught, who was slain by her own sister's son, Furbuidhe, son of Conchobhar Mac Nessa, on Inis Cloithrinn, in Lough Ree, in the Shannon, to take revenge for the assistance she had rendered Fergus, the dethroned king of Ulster, in making war on the latter province See Ordnance Map of Inis Cloghran, which is now vul- garly called Quaker's Island, on which the spot where Meave was slain is shown, un- der the name of Inad marbhtha Medlibka. 214 Noca n-cnpeTii cén bam beo, ecra UlaD o Qrb Go. Q pij Line ly^ le|i6a nirh, a bile Grhna ejiij. epi5 a. ^f anD fin po épjcap oU-caca Ulao ocup allmapac co picDa, paebpac, popniara, co h-apmDa, ocup co h-aigbeil, ocup co anpara, pa comapcaib cpooa comepji cac-bpopcut>aca Congail ; acr gép bo h-áipem, ocup gep ba oiniTiniugat) aen pluaig ocup aen-ploinnci ap na oá carli-pocpaioi cpooa, comfenna Congail, poppor paine ploinnn ocup puiDijri cac Deg-pluag, ocup cac Deg-pocpaitu Dib- pein ap cuinupc ocup ap comepgi caic pa leic ap laraip Do'n laec- paiD pin ; ocup ba h-amlaH) po epij cac paep-pluaj poceneoil acu ip in uaip pin, .1. cac aipecr ap n-iaouD pa'n aipD-pi^, ocup cac cmol c(p nmpujuo pa rijepna. Ocup ba li-eao mpo oeirbip ocup OeiliugaD caca Dej-pocpaiDi Oib-pein, icip innell ocup opoujuo, ici)! copcuD ocup copugaD cara, poppar pam ocup poppar puaic- niD cácli ap ceana. pdl-aipbi pe]ipoa, pip-t)luir1i, paebap-cle- pach Ppanjc ap n-epji co h-anpara ina each ocup ina cpó cobpaiD, cengailn, clir-popcaoac cupao, pa Daipbpe, mac n-Dopnmaip, plair pein pleomap, popmaca, paf-corhaiplec ppangc. Ocup inn gép b'é pluaj púnrach, paeb-cpaioec, ppoll-meipgec, pluag-aipbep- cach Saxan, ba li-c'igmap a n-innell, ma coppcaip claiDem ocup cojip-plea^, ocup car-pciar, pa ^apb, mac Pojaipb, pij pein péir- pecli, pomemail, pluaj-nepr-linmap Sa.Ktn. Ocup jép b'é pUia^ bopppaoac, bógacli, bpeac-meipgeac, bá]ic-libe)inac 6peran, ba pepmac a peol pein ina m-bpoin bpocia, biapcaigi, bpeunaip-bep- laij, " prop of Emania arise The last Qp hid, cap linn, ip Vepoa neiiri, quatrain of t.liis poem is very different in Q occa Gmna epit. the paper copy, thus : '' The wighty lattalions. The Irish word 215 I could not enumerate, during my life, The exploits of the Ultouiaus of Ath eo. O king of Line of most distinguished valour, prop of Emania arise" ! Arise," &c. Then rose the mighty battalions" of the Ultonians and foreigners vehemently, fiercely, valiantly, well-armed, terribly and heroically at the warUke and exciting exhortations of Congal; and though the two brave and powerful armies of Congal were reckoned and called one army and one name, still various were the surnames and situations of each goodly host and goodly band, when each party of these warriors rose up separately on the plain; and the manner in which each of the freeborn noble hosts rose out at that time was this, viz., each host closed round its arch-king, and each company collected around its lord. And this was the diflerence and distinction between every goodly host of them both as regards order and arrangement, position and array of battle. The manly, close, sword-dexterous battalion of the Franks was different and distinguisliable from all the rest, having risen out vigorously in a strong, close, and sheltering battalion and phalanx of champions under Dairbre, the son of Dornmhar^ the fes- tive, heroic, and wisely-counselling king of the Franks. And as to the active, vain-hearted, satin-bannered, heroic-deeded host of the Saxons, warlike was their array with a border of swords, spears, and shields, under Garbh, the son of Rogarbh, the robust prosperous king of Saxonland, of the strong and numerous forces. As to the warlike, speckled-ensigned, ship-possessing army of Britain, firm was their array car, which makes cuca in the plural, ge- be considered a fictitious character, unless nerally signifies a battle, but it is some- we suppose Dairbre to have been the Irish times used, as in the present instance, to mode of writing Dagobert, which was the denote a battalion. name of the king of France when this ^Dairbre, son ofDornmliar This must battle was fought. 2l6 laig, bot)ba, pa Conan Rod, mac Gachach Qinjcip, ocuf pa Oael, mac Caili DjumD, co n-a cpi macoib, .1. Péip, ocup Ul ocup Qjiriip a n-anmanna. Ocup Din pop, gép b'é óg-pluaj apnaiD-ecclinmap, ecpocap Qlban, ba páp-oluir a puiDuijao ina cappaig ceipc, com- aipD pa ceifpi macaib Gachach 6uidi, .1. QeD in Gppio Uiaine, ocup Suibne, ocup Gonial TTlenD, ocup Oomnall bpec. Ocup gép b'lac popne ocup popglaiji peppDa, pomópDa, pepj-Duaibpeca pinnjall, ba h-allmapDa a n-innell pein ina leibenn luipech, ocup laigne, ocup lebap-pciach, pa Glaip n-Dejij, mac n-Oolaip, plaic popcamail pinDgall. Oil clanna h-lp, mic TTlileD, impairep ajainD ap a airli-pem : ba min cac meipnec, ocup ba cláir cac ceagap, ocup ba cennaip cac copujan, m airpejaD innill ocup écoipc aDaijrhe meppDa, mi- Dachna, mop-Dainjen na mileD boi acu pa Conjal Claen, mac Scannlain Sciaf-lerain, aipD-pig uaibpec, allaca, oll-cerpaDach UlaD. ^ép Dijpaip each Dpem, ocup gep cpoDa, cac cineD, ocup gep comlan cac copujaD, po b'lac pig-clanna peDi, puirenDa, pij- bperaca Puopaiji ba h-uilliu, ocup bc( h-aiDbli, ocup ba h-opcapDa innell; ba cpuinne, ocup ba cpoDo, ocnp ba cobpaigi copugaD ; ba dIuici, ocup ba Damgne, ocup ba Duaibpige DeipeD ; ba glaine, ocup ba gepi, ocup ba gaibnge ciiiij'a, ocup car-niili ; ba cpepi, ocu]' ba rige, ocup ba cpenlen copac ; ba poinnme, ocup ba pan- caiji paigiD ; ba h-ellma, ocup ba h-ej^caiDi aigneD, D'lappaiD na h-impepna, ocup Do copnum na carli-lciifpec pe clannaib CumD. CmrupCongal ceim ó na cupaDaib coCnocc'tn in copcaip, .1. die ap cpaiDeD, ocup ap commaíDeaD copcap Conjail, ap na poDbujaD d' pepaib Gpenn. Ocup po inDra a a^aib ap Ullcaib ocup ap allmapacaib, ocup po gab 5a piaDnujaD oppo a Díjenn boDem pe Oomnall ^ Race of Conn, — i. e. the descendants '° The hilhcl- of the vklory Cnocán an of Conn of the Hundred Battles. copcaip. — Tliis name is now forgotten. 217 array in a fiery, wounding, Welsli-sjieaking, majestic phalanx, under Conan Rod, the son of Eochaidh Aingces, and under Dael, the son of Caili Druadh, with his three sons named Reis, UI, and Arthm-. And as to the cruel, many-deeded, merciless young host of Alba, very close was their array as an even high rock, imder the foiu' sons of Eochaidh Buidlie, viz., Aedli of the Green Dress, Suibhne, Congal Menu, and Domhnall Brec. And as to the select, manly, Fomorian- like, and fiuious troops of the Finngalls, strange was their array in a bulwark of armour, spears, and broad shields, under Elar Derg, the son of Dolar, the valiant prince of Fingall. After these we have to mention the great descendants of Ir, the son of Milesius : tame was all courage, feeble all defence, and mild every array, in comparison witli the fiery, lively, great, and firm array and complexion of the heroes who were around Congal Claen, the son of Scannlan of the Broad Shield, the haughty, famous, in- telligent arch-king of Ulster. And though every party was dili- gent, though every tribe was bi'ave, though every equipment Avas complete, the ready, resplendent, kingly -judging descendants of Rudh- raighe were the most numerous, prodigious, and warlike in array; the most compact, the bravest, and the stoutest in order ; the closest, the firmest, and the most terrible in the rear; the straightest, the sharpest, and the most terrible in the boixlers and flanks; the strongest, the closest, and the mightiest in the front ; the most successful and sanguine in the onset, and the most prepared and most ardent-minded in longing for the conflict, to maintain the field against the race of Conn^ Congal stepped aside from the warriors to Cnocan an clioscair [the hillock of the slaughter^], afterirards so called as being the place where Congal was overcome and triiunphed over, Avhen he was cut down by the men of Erin; and he turned his face upon the Ultonians and foreigners, and proceeded to prove to them the cause of his own IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. 2 F enmity 2l8 Domnall ociip a Domiiri do Dicennao no clannaib CuinO Céocacaig, .1. o cuijeo jan cennac a|i na neoDciil pe Depb-pine, inimn ]-'on ocup emain gan Ullrac, ocup in Cpaeb l?uaD gan ciipaiD po clann- aib l?uD]iai5i '5a ]io-airjieib, ocup apbepc na bjiiauiia pa ann : Cinnit» céim co cach-laraip, a Ullcu 'pet allniajicii, InopaijiD h-iia h-QmiTiipec, airit) ai]i bap n-eponóip. Oiglai^ mo oeijic n-oipaoaipc, ap in rpiac pom' rojaib-pea, bepio baipe bpar-mepoa, 1 comDatl na cuigeDac. Copnam CuijeD Concobaip, pe clannaib CiiinO CeD-caraig, o * Craehh Ruadli CpneB 15000, now nnglicised Creeveroe ; it is the name of a townland situated near the Eiver Callan, not far from Emania. — See Stuart's His- tory of Armagh, p. 578, and Ordnance Map of the Parish of Armagh, on -which the site of the house of Creeveroe is shown. Keating writes as follows of tlie palace of Emania, as it stood in the time of Con- chobhar Mac Nessa and the heroes of the Ked Branch : "Cpi li-ápupa lomoppaoo Bl a n-Go- riiain ITIaca pe linn ChoncoKaip, map oca. ftpoinKeapj, CpaoBoeapj «SUp Cpaobpuao. 'S an céao rij do Bioip a n-oraip; &c. Qn oapa reach, o'a n-joip- rioe CpaoBóeapj, ip ann Bioip na h-aipm ajup na peoioe uaiple a g-coiriieao ; ajup an cpeap ceac oa n-joipnoe an ChpaoBpnuD, ipann do piapraióe e péin map aon le lion a laocpao." Thus translated by Dr. John Lynch, author of Cambrensis Eversus, in his MS. translation of Keating : — " Palatium Con- chauri, Emon Machanum, in tria potissi- muvn. domicUia distributum erat, Nosoco- mium, Hibernice Bronbhearg, armamen- tarium vulgo Craobhdhearg, quod arma et instrumentum omne bellicum, et pretiosa quaeque Conchauri chnelia continebat; et triclinium, Craobhruadh appellatum, ubi cibus illi suisque apponebantur, quod etiam ejus hospitalis locus erat et exedra, cum sibi solitus esset advenas quosque excipere." These great houses, so famous in story as 219 enmity to Domhnall, and how his kingdom was decapitated by the descendants of Conn, that is, how his province was left without a chief or head, having been taken from liis tribe, which left Emania without an Ultonian, and Craebh Ruadh" without a champion of the race of Rudhraighe ; and he said these words there : "Advance to the battle field, Ye Ultonians and foreigners. Attack the grandson of Ainmire, Revenge on him yoiu' insults. Revenge ye my sightless eye On the prince who fostered me ; Make a watchfiú, qmck advance ToAvards the provinciahsts. Contest the province of Conchobar [i. e. of Ulster'] With the sons of Hundred-battled Conn, From the chief seats of the ancient Ultonians, or Clanna Kudhraighe, in can ba po f ip Llll- caij, when in the meridian of their power, splendor, and glory, were in ruins in the time of Congal, and the land on which they were situated was in the possession of the Clann Colla, or Oirghialla. Dr. Stuart, in his History of Armagh, speaks of the ruins of these buildings as follows : — " The site of these ancient edifices can be nearly as- certained at this present hour. There is a townland near the Navan hill, westward of Armagh, which is yet denominated Creeve Roe^ a name which, in the English letters, expresses the very sound desig- nated in the Irish characters by the word Craohh Riuidli, the red branch. The uni- form tradition of the country assigns this 2 F2 district of Creeve Roe as the place where the regal palace stood. There is, in an ad- joining townland called Trea, a mound which, in form, resembles this figure i — i, and is universally denominated the K/'mfs Stables. Navan lull" [which is the Angli- cised form of cnoc na h-eoiTina] "over- looks the lands of Craobh Ruadh. Around this hill, betwixt the base and the summit, there is an elliptical fosse and moat, inclu- ding eleven acres, three roods, and thirty- six perches, by which two smaller circular mounds or forts (one on the top and the other on the side of the hill) are environed. These had probably been formed to protect the royal residence." — Hist. Armagh, pj). 578> 579- 220 InObeji cáio caem Colpra, CO OpobmY, CO Oub]iorai]i. 6a li-epin ba]i ]^eii cuijeD, 1 iiemiup bc(]i pij-i^inny^eii, in can ba po pip Ullcaig, bap cpich-pi nip cuimpijeD, pe pebup bap pip-laec-pi. Copmac, CiipcpaiD, Concobap, pepjiip, pmca, piipbaiOi, pinncaD, pepjna, pepaoach, Gogan, Gpp5i, Qmaipjin. TTlenn, TTlaine, ocup TTlunpeniiap, i.ai5pec Lannniáp, Laegaipe, Celccaip, Conall Compannac, Ceicliepn, Cú na caein-ceapDa, CacbaiD, Gonial Claipmgnec. Naipi CO n-a nepc-bpairpib, Qengiip, Ipial oponiji, Qg pin Di'ne Dej-Ullcac, nap pineo, nap papaijeD, Puópaigec pépeime-pinTi. TTlaipg po gein ó'n gappami pin, jan airpip a n-engnuma ; niaip5 " To Drohhaois and Duhhrothair O wliicli flows out of Lougli Melvin and falls Intep Colpcu, CO DpoBaip, co C)ub- into the Bay of Donegal at Bundrowis. poraip — According to all the old Irish The river here called Duhh-Rothair, i. e. MSS. which treat of the ancient division the Black River, is that now called the of the provinces, Ulster comprised the en- River Dubh, or Duff, which falls into the tire of the present county of Louth, and same bay at Bunduff. Keating says, extended from Inbher Colptha, the mouth " Coije Ulao o Dpobaoip 50 h-JnBep of the Boyne, to the River Drobhaois, Colpra." — Or as Lynch renders it, "A 221 From the fair beauteous Inblier Colptha To Drobhaois and Dubhrotllair^ That was the. extent ofjonr old province In the time of your royal ancestors, When the Ultonians were truly great, Tour country was not circumscribed. From the goodness of yoiu- true heroes. Cormac, Cuscraidh, Conchobhar", Fergus, Fiacha, Furbaidhi, Finnchadh, Fergna, Feradhach, Eoghan, Errgi, Amairgin. Menu, Maine, and Muinremar, Laighsech, Lannmhor, Laeghaire, Celtchair, Victorious Conall, Cethern, Cu na Cerda [i. e. Cuchullin] Cathbhaidh, Congal Clairingnech. Naisi with his mighty brothers, Aengus, Irial the renowned, There is a race of good Ultonians, Who were not prostrated, who were not overcome. Nor was one Rudiician in their time. Alas for him who sprung from that tribe. Who does not imitate their valour, Alas Drovisa ad riuvium Colptam exteiiditur'' and the champions of the Ked Brancli, and [sc. Ultonia]. have been all mentioned in former notes '^Cunmtc, Cuscraidh, CoHchobhar. — Cop- except Laigsech Lannnior. He was the tnuc, Cupcpuio, Concobap, &c. — This son of the hero Conall Cearnach, already is a recapitnlatioii of the names of the often referred to, and ancestor of the seven most distingiiislied heroes of Ulster. The septs of Laoighis or Leix, in the Queen's most of them were cotemporary with County, of whom the O'Mores were the Conchobhar Mac Nessa, King of Ulster, most distingidshed. 222 maijig oán' cpich a cuijeO-pun, jan cuailnguip a rupiiacra; gan com-cpicill a copnuma, ppi li-eacrpcinnaib aicpebup. Cpic comlan ^ac cuiceoach, jfin iipej^baiD acu-pum, ca cpicb ace ctp cuiceD-ne nuc h-e a pij 'p a parniap cpiar, opDaiguip CO h-ciencaDac, caipig ap a cpen cuaraib, bpujaiD ap a baileocnb, mic pig ag a po comieD, ctcc pinne, yu T?uDpai5e ? Conall, Gogan, Qipgialla, popgabpcic a]\ pepanna, gup ob cucii in carpeim-pi, t)'c( cup ap ap cint». CiTiDir) c. c. Ctp comepji na cac-bumen cpoba, cenjijailri, copp-oécla cupon ]^in, po innpaigeaDap in Da oll-bpomig oiobli, iiciibpeaca, ep-iona, agciiprechct, anpalaib pin, co h-aen niaigin ina pperh-popnib poinn- nie, pocla, pluag-inejia, puiúigri, pap-laec; ociip ina n-jpinneoaib gépa, jaibrecct, jpeim-Décla, gpoo-nemnneca jaipcet) ; ocup ina laemannaib lerna, liiar-Tnepa, leiDineca, lebap-copnumac lairpech ; ocup ina n-t)lÚTnaib t)icpct, tteppcaigri, oeinmeca, Doppeajaprct Debca ; ocup ina cipeDctib cpuaioi, coDnctcóa, cpaíóenila, cnep- cenjailn caca, co cpi Delg-Dainjnib bluiri, Digpaipi, Dpeach-Duaib- pecQ, Dicojlaiji Debca, ap n-a n-Deilb, ocup ap n-a n-Dinji, ocup ap Ti-a n-olurugaD, map ip pepp, ocup ip ájmaipe, ocup ip aigbéli po péoaoap a n-aipij, ocup a n-apD-mairi Do leirh pop leirh, .1. clerh 223 Alas for him whose country is their province, Not to aspire to their valiant deeds, Not to attempt its defence Against the adventurers who inhabit it. Tlie entire country of all the provinciahsts They possess without diminution ; What countiy is there but our province In which its own king and prosperous chief Does not appoint with full consent Toparchs over mighty territories, And brughaidlis [i. a. farmers] over townlands. The sons of kings guarding them. But ours of the race of Rudhraighe ? The races of Conall and Eoghan, and the Airghialla, Have seized on our lands. And against them we make this onset. To diive them from over us. Advance," &c. These brave, connected, impetuous bands of heroes having risen out, marched to one place in two prodigious, proud, compact, wicked, revengeful, malicious divisions, in well-looking, arrogant, swift, well- arranged hues of great heroes ; in sharp, terrible, haughty, venomous phalanxes of valour ; in broad, rapid, furious, wide-defending Hames of the ]);ittle field; in zealous, distinguished, rapid, unopposable crowds of contest ; and in hard, princelike, courageous, connected Unes of battle, with three ardent, terrible-faced, impregnable, bristhng bulwai-ks of battle formed, condensed, and consohdated, as well, as formidably, and as terribly as their chiefs and arch-nobles were able respectively to arrange them ; with their hard, smooth-handled, well- made, warhke forest of ice-like, shining, blood-red, beacon-like, lucky spears 224 clech cailln, cpiiaiDi, cjiann-peDi, cojiaigri, cujiara cara, do ple- gctib peacDa, yoignenca, ypub-puaoa, peol-comapraca, penra, ponipii caca po-Dípje pet Tnejijib, ocup pa m-bpctrachaib blain, bpeio-gelci, bopD-nuiDi, bpec-Dciracct, bat)ba ; ocup clap-pceimelca cenjailci, coni-t)lúca, com-apDa, cpaeb-Darcica, cac-pcmr ap a cul-pein 1 comnaiDi ; ocup pal-cipeat)a peip, poraigci, ocup puipijri caca peDma, Do racup ocup Do rimpujaD luipech cpom, cogaiDi, cc(eb-upeb]iaiD, rar-lom-cpuaiD, ceaccaigri rpeapa, ocup raip- bencct ropaig cpom gliaD, ap n-c( pperaD, ocup ap ri-a pluaij-Dij- laini DO gleipe gairlennac ocup jaljac, ocup Do conipaignib cupao ocup cac-TTiileD ; ocup car-gappba copaigri Do cupaDaib cengailn ic Doipppeopaclic caca Daingm, ocup cacct Dlum-jpinne Duaibpij, Dep-apin-paebpaij Deabra Dib-pein ; ap nip pupail ppaec peppDa, pocaigri, pal-apniDa piD-paebpcic, pip-Dluir Dej-apm, ocup Deg-laec, ocup Deg-Daine a cec gpinne jaca cara ceccapDa pe copcuD ocup pe cúppucaD a cell. ba h-imDa, aiin, acu-pum eapp 05, ájmap, aiDlennca, apm-in- nillci, gcin pilliuD, ocup miDctch meap-maiDmec, iTiál-puaicniD, Tíiepcnáici mop-rpepa jan miniujaD ; ocup lectccanach IciiDip, lonn-Tuep, lamDec, laec-leDaipn luipg, gan locpujao ; ocup car- cuingiD comnipc, cenn-apD, clep-apmac coraigri comlainD, gan cuTtipcujaD ; ocup pig-miliD peccmap, puirenra, penD-gaibrec, popc-picDc(, po-bkiDctc, jan popacr, ap ci cpeapa Do rennaD ocup DO cpen-puapcdr, co poral, polámaig, in ciicill a peDma D'pulang, ocup D'pofujctD, ocup D'lmcongbail, co ppaecDa, poprnaca, ap loTTi-ri a lamn, ocup a kinn-claiDem Do Ictn-DepgciD, co lucir-mep, lan-apnctiD, ap larai]i in laire pin. CiD cpacc, m ran poppac caipjpeca upomgliaD a rpen-pip, ocup poppac apmDa, innillci, oll-cecpc(Dac a n-ctnpaiD, ocup poppac ppaecDa, pepgaca, popniaco, ppe^apcctca a pénniD, ocup poppac poinnme,púncaca,puiDi5chi a pluag-poipne copaijci caca,]iucpacap puacap 225 spears straight before them, bearing their flowered, white cloth, new- bordered, parti-coloured banners and ensigns ; and lofty breast-works of well-scciu-cd, well-pressed, variegated battle shields permanently placed behind them ; and a firm rampart to sustain and arrest every assault, brought together and collected of heavy, well-chosen, bare- sided, tightly-braced, hard loricaj to receive an assault, and exhibit the front of a heavy conflict, arranged and selected by the elite of warriors and heroes, and of triumphant soldiers and champions, and a battle guard arranged of equipped champions, door-keeping every fastness, and every formidable, ready, sharp-armed, battling phalanx of them ; because it Avas indispensable to have a sustaining, compact, furious rampart composed of good men and good heroes with choice weapons, in the first rank of each of the two divisions to resist and withstand the enemy. Among them was many a youthful, valorous, aspiring, well-armed hero without treachery; many a swift-triiunphant, nobly-dressed, rapid-woimding, great-battled warrior untamed ; many a strong, ro- bust, vigorous, hero-slaughtering champion unchecked ; many a ro- bust, high-headed, at-weapon-dexterous, and battle-maintaining sol- dier unappalled ; many a royal, rightful, magnificent, spear-terrible, fierce-eyed, very renowned leader indomitable, who was about to support, sustain, and keep up his exertion fiercely and valiantly, and ready to redden his hand and his sword rapidly and cruelly on that day. At length, when the mighty men were ready for the heavy con- test, when the warriors were armed, arrayed, excited ; when their heroes were fiuious, angry, valiant, ready to meet every challenge ; and when the battalions were ready, active, arranged, and arrayed, they made a royal, legal, spear-terrible, furious rush, and a hard, firm, vigorous onset, without mercy, without consideration, against each IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. 2 G otlicr 220 ]iuaca]i pijoa, iieccmap, penn-jaibuecli, puara[i-bo|ib, ocu)'' car]ieiTii cpuaiD, cobpaio, coTn-oic|ia cujiaD, jan caigill, jan compejaD, i cep- caijiD a cell; gup cpirnaigpec in clap caeb-cpoin, cnepaijaigrech, cpictoaiji, pa copaib, ap cinnupc ocup ap comoopraD na car-laem cupaca cójiaijri ap cepr-lap cpano-lTlingi Comaip, ppipi a paicep ITiag puat)-linncec l?acli. Ocup 05 Dian-apgnarh 00 na Dup-plojaib DÓpaccaca 00 curh Oorhnaill ac bepu an laom : Upén ceaccair cara Congail cujamn rap ar an Ojinairh ; map reogaic 1 o-cpeap na b-peap ni peccaic a leap a laoibeab. Corhapra an map mip ITlacha, ppol puairne ponnaib cara, meipge gac pi'j peil co pac op a cmD pein 50 piaDnac. TTleipge 8 This pnem, which is wanting in the was sent to the poet Moore, who has given vellum copy, is supplied from Mac Moris- a,fac simile of it in the folio edition of his sy'spaper copy, in the collection of Messrs. Irish Melodies, p. 84, with the following Hodges and Smith. The fourth quatrain note : of it has been quoted by Keating, in his " The inscription upon Connor's tomb notice of the Battle of Magh Rath, in the (for the/itf simile of which 1 am indebted reign of Domhnall, grandson of Ainmire, to Mr. Murphy, chaplain of the late Lady and through his work it became well known Moira) has not, I believe, been noticed by to the Irish scholars of tlie last two contu- any antiquarian or traveller." ries. A corrupt imitation of this quatrain It is strange that our great bard should was inscribed on a modern tomb-stone, have received this quatrain as an epitaph dated 1764, in the abbey church of Multi- on Conchobhar Mac Nessa, who died in fernan, in the county of Westmeath, where the beginning of the first century, as if an enthusiastic Irishman mistook it for the that king could have been buried in the epitaph on the tomb of Conchobhar Mac abbey church of Multifernan, which was Nessa, who was king of Ulster in the be- founded by WiUiam Delamar, an English- ginning of the first century. As such it man, in the year 1236. And it is still 227 Other, so that they shook the heavy-sodded, clayey-surfaced plain under their feet, after the comminghng and nuitual rushing together of the hero-arrayed, fiery battalions on the very middle of the wooded Magh Comair, which is now called the red-pooled Magh Rath. Wlaen these stubborn, impetuous forces of Congal were vehemently advancing on Domhnal] he repeated this poem^ : "Mightily advance the battalions of Congal To us over the ford of Ornamh, When they come to the contest of the men. They require not to be harangued. The token of the gi'cat warrior of Macha, Variegated satin, on warlike poles. The banner of each bright king with prosperity Over his own head conspicuously displayed. more extraordinary that the date and English part of the epitaph on this tomb should have been concealed, for had the whole been given, its true character conld never have been mistaken. It may be well, therefore, lest the fac simile pub- lished by Mr. Moore should descend to posterity as the epitaph of Conor Mac Nessa, to transcribe here the entire inscrip- tion : *' HOC TZGITUR SAXO DOMINUS PIETATE RE- rULGENS JACOBUS GAVNORUS PBOGNATUS STEM- MATE CLARO. " PBAY FOR THE SOUL OF JAMES GAYNOH, OF LEANT, WHO DIED JANUARY 15tH, 1764, AGED 66 TEARS, ALSO FOR HIS ANCESTORS AND POSTERITY. " After which follow in Irish the words 2G The of which Moore has given sifac simile : " i.eorrian buioe ap ppol uairne rPeipje cijp na Cpuoibe Tíuaióe Q pe oo BioD ctj ConcoBcip \a ccar Qpiop ruapjain'pa DibeipcQUrhupcic." Mr. Moore of course never saw this tombstone, and his correspondent, ]\Ir. IMurphy, seems to have been a bad judge of the antiquity of Irish inscriptions. The publication of monuments of this kind, as if of remote date, has brought our anti- quities into contempt among the learned, but it may be hoped that better times are now coming, and that the antiquarians of Ireland will in future study oiu- monu- ments better than to lay before the public an inscription of the latter part of the eighteenth, for one of the first century. 2 228 meipje Sjannlain, — fjiarh co n-ag, — ly^ pmcna rhoip, nnc baeoain, mop la coec pojla Dia |iinn, ara op cint» Congail cujninn. LeoTTian bmóe i pjiol imine, corhapoa nn Cpaob T?uai6e map Oo baoi ag Concobnp cam, ara ag Conjal o'a Congrhail. TTleipjeóa maicne GacDac 1 o-ropac na fluaj ppearac meipjeDa Donna map óaij op cpanna coppa Cpumchainn. TTleipge pij bpearan bpijmip Conan l?oc, an píj-rhilió, ppol peant)ac, 50pm ip jeal, CO h-eangac ap na amlab. TTleipge R15 Salon na ploj ap bparac leacan, lan-rhóp, buióe ip Deapcc, co pambiji pom; op cmt> Oaipbpe, mic Oopnrhoip. TTleipje l?i peapgna peabail, noca paca a lonnparhail op a cmt), ni cealg 50 n-jeib, Dub agup Deap5 co Deirhin. TTleipje '' The banner of Scannlan ITIeipje ' Such as the noble Conchobkar bore Sjannlain, &c. — See pedigree of Congal, ITIap do Baoi a^ ConcoBap caió — He at the end of the volume, from -whicli it will was Concliobhar Mac Nessa, King ofUl- appear that this Scannlan, Fiachna, and ster, already mentioned in Note ^, p. 226. Baedan were the father, grandfather, and Dr. John Lynch, in his Latin version great grandfather of Congal. of Keating's History of Ireland, gives the 229 Tlie banner of Scannlan\ — an ornament with prosperity, — And of Fiachna Mor, the son of Baedan, Great sjanbol of plunder floating from its staif, Is over the liead of Congal advancing towards us. A yellow Lion on green satin, The insignia of the Craebh Ruadh, Such as the noble Conchobhar bore', Is now held up by Congal The standards of the sons of Eochaidh' In the front of the embattled hosts Are dnn-coloured standards like fire Over the well-shaped spear-handles of Crumthann. The standard of the vigorous King of Britain, Conan Rod, the royal soldier. Streaked satin, blue and white, In folds displayed. The standard of the king of Saxonland of hosts Is a wide, very great standard ; Yellow and red, richly displayed Over the head of Dairbhre, son of Dornmor. The standard of the majestic king of Feabhail'' (I have not seen such another) Is over his head (no treachery does lie carry uifh hi in ), Black and red certainly. The following translation of this quatrain : iTIeipjeDU maicne eacouc,^!. e. either " Gesseret in viridi flavnm bombica' k'onom of the race of Eochaidh Cobha, the father Crebroa progenies, Concliauri symbola of Crimn Badhraighe, who was King of clari Ulster for twenty-two years, or of the sons Congallus quae nunc signis intexta viden- of Eochaidh Buidhe, King of Scotland. tur." k King of Feahhail — of Foyle, that is, J The standards of the sons of Eochaidh. — of Ailech. meipje Suibne, t.eapr bnme Pi oi]i6epc Dal QiiaiDe, Spol buí6e, oy y^eirh-peaji na fló^, buinne meji-jeal na meaoon. TDeipje peaiiDorhan na b-pleaiS, R15 aijim-Dejig QipD Ulao, Spol glé-jeal pe 5]iein 'y pe jaoir op an rpen-peap jan caraoip. Upén, &c. Imcluipa Suibne, mic Colmain Clnmip, mic Cobraig, pij Onl n-Qpai6i, impaiDep againo pe lieat) eli. iCancacap paennella pualainj pctipiDe pe jpain, ocup pe gpuairiDacc, ocup pe gpo-Omipe na n-^aeoal; pe DepcaD, ocup pe Dellpat», ocup pe Duaibpige na n-Danap ; pe blopcaD, ocup pe bopb-gaip, ocup pe bviippeDaij na car-cineD conrpapoa, cecrapoa, ic poccain ocup ic pecc-innpaij;in apaile. Tio epjioap eaDap-luaiinnig aiobli, anpopupDa,uarbapaclia aeoip, copabatjap ina cuaineabap conncpacca, cumaipc, '5a coni- buoiopeo; ocup ina rapnriánaib rpoma, caiobpeclia, cápc-labapra, cuairbil, jan raipipium; ocup ina paeb-pluagaib poinnme, piralra, pmngoipn, peocpanaca, piabcnpn, ap pip-piubal, ic paeiDib, ocup ic peaD-gaipi, ocup ic poluaimnig impu, ap cac ctipD, 00 meach ocup Do nii-cumoac miDlach ocup niaeróglác, 00 cennaD ocup 00 rpen- 5pepacr cupoD ocup carmileat) ; gup ob Do conjaip in cara, ocup pe li-abaipib na n-appachr, ocup pe capmanjail na rpom-gon ic roipniuiTi ap cupaiD-pennaibcpaipech ocup ap colg-Depaib claiDem ocup ap laeclibilib lebap-pciar. r?o linaD ocup po lucir-meaDpaD in I'aep mileD Suibne Do cpir ocup Do gpain ocup Do jeniDechc; d'oiUc ' Ard Vladh, in Latin, Altitudo Ulto- Do-\vn, lying principally between Strang- rrim, now tlie Ards, in tlie county of ford Lough and the sea. The standard of Suibhue, a yellow banner, The renowned king of Dal Araidhe, Yellow satin, over that mild man of hosts, The white-fingered stripling himself in the middle of them. The standard of Ferdomau of banquets. The red-weaponed king of the Ards of Ulster', White satin to the sini and wind displayed" Over that mighty man without blemish. Mightily," &c. With respect to Suibhne, the son of Colman Guar, son of Cobh- thach, king of Dal Araidhe, we shall treat of him for another while. Fits of giddiness came over him at tlie sight of the horrors, grim- ness, and rapidity of the Gaels ; at the looks, brilliance, and irk- someness of the foreigners ; at the rebounding furious shouts and bellowings of the various embattled tribes on both sides, rushing against and coming into collision with one another. Huge, flickering, horrible aerial phantoms rose up, so that they were in cursed, com- mingled crowds tormenting him ; and in dense, rustling, clamorous, left-tvu-ning hordes, without ceasing ; and in dismal, regular, aerial, storm- shrieking, hovering, fiend-like hosts constantly in motion, shrieking and howling as they hovered about them [i. e. about both armies] in every direction to cow and dismay cowards and soft youths, but to invigorate and mightily rouse champions and warriors ; so that from the uproar of the battle, the frantic pranks of the demons, and the clashing of arms, the sound of the heavy blows reverberating on the points of heroic spears and keen edges of swords, and the warUke borders of broad shields, the noble hero Suibhne was filled and in- toxicated "" White satin to the sun displayed. — end of this volume. It is strange that no For some account of the armorial bearings account of this Ferdoman is preserved in among the ancient Irish see Note H, at the the Irisli Annals. 232 o'oillr ocu)'' D'paennell ociip D'polumain, t)'iiaTnari ocup t)'puafca]i, ocup D'pip-gealracr, o'pualang, ocup D'uacliba]\ ocup o'panbpopii]^; conac bui inD ale na ói^e, ó bunn 50 bairip, Do ná Gepna caipche cumupcDo cpic-hluaimnec, pe cpir na comeajla, ocup pe pcemlij na pcuibeamlacra. Po cpirnmgper a copa, map biiD nepc ppora 50 pip-cuapgain ; po ruir]^ec a aipm ocup a ilpaebpa uaoa, ap lajaD ocup ap luach-pinet) o lur-glac impu, pe h-anaccbaing a n-imconjbala ; po learpac ocup po luonnnijpec a ó-Doipppi eip- recra pe jabao na jealcacca ; po nnclaipec angala a incinDi 1 ciipalaib a cinD pe porjiain na pélmanie ; po clipeprap a cpaitie pe jpoo-biDgat) na jeniDecca ; po opluaimnig a uplabpa pe nie- paiDecc in mirapaiD; po eaoapbuapaig a ainim [anam] co n-aigneo ocup CO n-ilpuinib iniDa, uaip ba I1-1 pin ppém ocu)' pora pip-Dilep na pip eagla pem. Rob é a innpamail ann pem map bi'p bpat»an 1 m-buailit), no en ap na up-gabail 1 capcciip comolura cliccbain. Ctcr cena nip mit>-lác ocup nip mepaiji mi-gciipciD penie piam in n Da cancaDap na li-abaipi ocup net li-aippDena cinDpceDail ceciD ocup uprpialla iingabala pm ; ace po mallacc Ronain, .1. panccip, D'a po buam]ieD ocup apD-naeim Gpenn o'a eapcaine ap na pineaD ocup ap na papujao pa planaigecc, ocup mapbra in mic clepij Da muinncep op cino na clapach coipea^apra, inunn pón ocup na pip-cippac ponn-jlaini ap ap' cuipeaD cpeaDpa ocup comainD in CoimoeD D'uaiplib ocup D'apo-mairib Gpenn ocup Do each ap ceana, pe comrpiall m cara. Imrhupa Suibne, mic Colmain Chuaip, mic Cobcai?;, pig Oal n-QpaiDe " St.Ronan He was abbot of Druim- Lanigau was misled by Colgan (Acta SS. iiieascluinn(nowDrumiskin), inthecounty p. 141, n. 17), wlio is the real author of of Louth ; see Note S p. 40, supra: where this mistake. The name Druim-ineas- Lanigan's error iu confounding Druim- cluinn is retained to this day by those who ineascluinn with Drumshallon is corrected, speak Irish, and is always applied by them 233 toxicated witli tremor, horror, panic, dismay, fickleness, unsteadiness, fear, fiightiness, giddiness, terror, and imbecility ; so that there was not a joint of a member of him from foot to head which was not con- verted into a confused, shaking mass, from the effect of fear, and the panic of dismay. His feet trembled, as if incessantly shaken by the force of a stream ; his arms and various edged weapons fell from him, the power of his hands having been enfeebled and relaxed around them, and rendered incapable of holding them. The inlets of hearing were expanded and quickened by the hoiTors of hmacy ; the vigour of his brain in the cavities of his head was destroyed by the clamour of the conflict ; his heart shrunk within him with the panic of dismay; his speech became faidtering from the giddiness of imlDecility ; his very soul fluttered with hallucination, and with many and various phantasms, for that (i. e. the soul) was the root and true basis of fear itself He might be compared on this occasion to a salmon in a weir, or to a bird after being caught in the strait prison of a crib. But the person to whom these horrid phantasms and dire symptoms of flight and fleeing presented themselves, had never be- fore been a coward, or a lunatic void of valour ; but he was thus confounded because he had been ciu-sed by St. Ronan", and denounced by the great saints of Erin, because he liad violated their guarantee, and slain an ecclesiastical student of their people over the consecrated trench, that is, a pure clear-bottomed spring over Avhich the shrine and communion of the Lord was placed for the nobles and arch- chieftains of Erin, and for all tlie people in general, before the com- mencement of the battle. With respect to Suibhne, the son of Colman Cuar, son of Cobh- thach, to Drumiskin, which was a celebrated mo- Irish spelling Di-uim-Sealain), is a very nastery, and where the ruins of a round different place, not celebrated in history, or tower still exist. Drumshallon (in the remarkable for any remains of antiquity. IRISH AUCH. SOC. 6. 2 H 234 n-Q|iaiDe, iTnpaice|i againo pe h-eao; o rainic in olai poluaimnec puUa pin poiji-pium, po linjepcap leini lucmap, laii-ecpom, conaD ann po pinpmipcap ap jlan-aiglino pceic in cupao bet coninepa Do; ocup po pctemupcap m c-acli-leim, conaO ann po piiipiniprap ap inOeoin cepocomapraig cipin cacbaipp in cupat) ceDna ; ciD cpacr nip aipijepcap pein epium ic puipmet) paip, gép ba coppac in caraip comnaiDi ap ap cinúepcap. Conao aipe pin po popbup- cap pum aen comaipli anbpopait), ecmllomi, .i. Dpuim pe Dainib, ocup popcnum pe piaoaib, ocup compir pe ceacaib, ocup iniluu pe li-énaib, ocup peip 1 papaijib. ConiD aipe pin, po puipmipcap in cpep leim lurmap, lan-érponi, conao ann po anupcap ap bapp in bile buaoa po boi ap min-oipbi in muigi, áic i pabaoap po-pluaig ocup panDpaigi pep n-Gpenn, i compegat) in cara. Po gpécpac pein ime-pium ap each aipo '5a paicpin D'a cennaD ocup Da rimpu- gaD 'pin carlacap ceDna ; ip De pm pucpum cpi rpen-peaDja cinneanaip D'lmgabail na h-ipgaili, ocup ip é capla Do Dul i cenn na cach-lairpec ceDna,pe muipbell ocup pe mepaiDecc in mirapaiD; ace cenct ni rcdcim Do raiDliuD, acr ip ctp popmnaib pe]i ocu]' ap cennaib carbapp po cinDeoD. Uapla aipe inDpertni caic co coircenn ctp Sluiibne pa'n pamla- pin, cop ub é compaD each cupaD pe ceili, na céiD, net réiD pep in inaip ópcumDaig exomail uaib, a pipu, bap lacpun, gan rogpaim ocup gan cnppacain, .1. map in aipD-pij h-uo Qminipech pobui uime pium in laice pin, ap na riDnacul ó Domnall Do Cliongal, ocup ap na riDnacul o Chonjal Do Shuibne, Do peip map popglep Suibne a n-inaD eli : ba h-e ^uc cac aen Duine Do'n c-pluag Dérla Dctich, na ° Who hovsever did not feel him. — It was that lunatics are as light as feathers, and the ancient belief in Ireland, and is still in can climb steeps and precipices like the some of the wilder mountainous districts, Somnabulists See Buile Shuibhne, al- thach, king of Dal Araidhe, let us treat of him for another wliile ; when he was seized with this frantic fit, he made a supple, very light leap, and where he alighted was on the fine boss of the shield of the hero next him; and he made a second leap and perched on the vertex of the crest of the helmet of the same hero, who, however, did not feel liim°, though tlie chair on which he rested Avas an uneasy one. Wherefore he came to an imbecile, irrational determination, namely, to turn his back on mankind, and to herd with deer, run along with the showers, and flee with the birds, and to feast in wildernesses. Accordingly he made a thii'd active, very light leap, and perched on the top of the sacred tree which grew on the smooth sui-face of the plain, in which tree the inferior people and the debilitated of the men of Erin were seated, looking on at the battle. These screamed at him from every direction as they saw him, to press and drive him into the same battle again ; and he in consequence made three furious bounces to shun the battle, but it happened that, instead of avoiding it, he went back into the same field of conflict, through the giddiness and imbeciUty of his hallucination ; but it was not the earth he reached, but aUghted on the shoulders of men and the tops of theii- helmets. In this manner the attention and vigilance of all in general were fixed on Suibhne, so that the conversation of the heroes among each other was, " Let not," said they, " let nof the man with the wonderful gold-embroidered tunic pass from you without capture and revenge." He had the tunic of the monarch the grandson of Ainmire upon him on that day, which had been presented by Domhnall to Congal, and by Congal to Suibhne, as Suibhne /«"?h5í;//' testifies in another place : " It was the saying of every one Of the valiant, beauteous host. Permit ready often alluded to. na céio. — This verb is here repeated m P Let not, said they, let not. — Ha re id, both copies. The verb, particularly iu the 2H2 236 na ceic uaib pan cael-muine, peap in inaip maicli. 6a móiDi a riiui|ibell ocup a mepujao mirapaiD each Da corh- aicne pa'n cuma pin, ocup po boi pium ap in buaiDpet) booba pin no CO cucao cich cpuaio, mep cloc pneacca — o'lnncomapca ápmiii^ t)'pepaib Gpenn — gop jluaipepcap pum leip pin cicli pin, map jac n-earait) n-ápmuigi ele, amail apbepc Suibne in inaD eli : Rop é pin mo cét) pir-pa, po pa luar in pirli, o'eag upcap na gornaióe, Dam-pa pep in cir. ConiD pe jelcacn ocu]- pe ^eniDechr po cinD comaipli o pin amac 1 cem po pa beo. CiD cpacc, gep ba Daingen Di'n-apmDa, Delj-pennac cac aipD ocup cac aipcill Do na caraib ceclirapDa 1 g-compaj, poppac aiD- lenna, aimDepa, uppcailci, ap n-afcuma, a n-anpaD, ocup a n-jair- lenn n-gaipciD ; ocup poppac pceimelca, pcainnepn, pciac-bpipci, ap n-a pcaileD, o leibenna liniDe, lebup-pciach, ap na lan-bpipiuD. Oeicbip Doib-pium on, uaip ba cic-anpaD cuan-cpacca calaiD jan popcao gaii accap)'óic ap cpen-cearaib cuaraipDi, capm-jctiche cuoipcepcaigi in ralman, Dap ab amm pegainni, painijfi, pluaj- bepla paep GabpaiDi, pabpcinDpup, amail acbepc in pile : Quepcap in jaec a neap, pabpcinDpup acuaiD gan ceap, pcépepup imperative mood, is, even in the modern St. MuUin's, in the county of Carlow, by vernacular Irish, often repeated for the Mongan, the swineherd of St. Moling, and sake of emphasis. was interred with great honours in the ■1 And it was hij lunacy Corno pe jel- church there, by the saint himself, who, racr, &c. — Suibhne was, many years af- it appears, had a great veneration for this terwards, murdered at Tigh Moling, now royal lunatic. His eccentric adventures Permit not to go from you to the dense shrubbery The man with the goodly tunic." His giddiness and hallucination of imbecility became greater in consequence of all having thus recognized him, and he continued in tliis terrible confusion until a hard, quick shower of hailstones, — an omen of slaughter to the men of Erin, — began to fall, and wdth this shower he passed away hke every bird of prey ; as Smbhne said in another place : " This was my first run, — Rapid was the flight, — The shot of the javehn expii-ed For me with the shower." And it was by lunacy*" and imbecihty he determined his counsels from that out as long as he lived. To proceed. Though every part and division of both contending armies were solid, well-armed, bristly, their heroes and valiant spearmen were scattered, disarrayed, dispersed, and deformed ; their lines of broad shields being broken through were scattered, disor- dered, and shattered. The reason was, there was then a shower- storm on the haven without shelter or harbour against tlie mighty squalls of the high, loud-howling north wind of the earth, which, in the copious, noble Hebrew language, is called by the appropriate name of Sabstindrus, as the poet says : " Auestar is the southern Avind, Sabstindrus the northern without doubt, Steferus are minutely detailed in a curious ancient Morissy's paper copy of this tale, which Irish romance entitled Buile Shuibhne, i. e. has been already so often referred to. The Madness of Suibhne, which immediately word ^ealcacc is used to this day in the follows the Battle of Magh Rath in Mac sense of lunacy or madness. 238 ITépepup a map ^an cam, ulpulaniip 'n a comDcnl, Ocup t)in pop, ha mian-glacao mojaD ap panD-placaib poir- pemla pmbaiDi ga pollpccab, .1. poppac, ocup popcceaD, ocup pe]i5-Dicpacc na péinnet), gpepacc, ocup geojnao, ocup ^iipao na n-gaipceoac ic cennaD ocup ic rnncellaD na rpen-pep. Ocup oin ba 5poo-5peapa gaibnije le h-opoaib lomrpomaib, ^le-bopba ^abanri ap ririDib caeb-Depga, caioleca cellaig '5a rpen-cuap- gain, bpoprat), ocup bpuaiDpeaD, ocup bpac-aiplec na m-buiDen ; peccaD, ocu)" pluaij-neapc, ocup ppainpeoac na pluag pocal-bopb, IC copnum, ocup ic conjbail, ocup ic compeaccao a]i a cell ; conap aipig aipec na aipD-pi^ comrennra a capctc Do compoicpi a ceneoil, na popeigen píp-aicíne na aen-cinit» D'pacpaibe a pialupa. Ocup Din ni 1T1Ó po mocaijpec caem-clanna cupat) DoDainj a pmnpeap na a pap-airpec 5a pápugaD ; ocup jép b'larpiDe ann nip cér- paijeprap cabaip na cugnómaD a capac na a lan-airne '5a laec- aiplec, ocup 'ga popcceaD ocup 'ga poDbuD 'na piaonaipi ; uaip ba h-uilliu ocup ba h-aiobpigi le cac n-aen uairib a peiom ocup a eDualang boDein pe Derbip na Dala )'in, na peióm ocup popeigen a capar Do cuniniugaD, na a rigepna do cepapgain. CiD rpa ace, ni gnar Depb-gul gan Dépjuba, na iciccaD gan popeigen, na cac-poi gan cpó-linDci. Ocup Din pob imDa 'pa n-ipjail pin puiiime paena, poipcciDe, ocup Dponja Duaibpeca, Dian-mapbca, ocup cpen-pip raeb-cippri, cpapcaipri, ocup aipij uacmapa, poD- baijri, ocup pceirli pcailcigchi, pcainnepra, ocup I'lega ppiib-pillci, peam-lúpca, ocup claiDme caicmeca, cpuaiD-bpipn ; ocup ppctp- linnci puilige, pop-Depga pola, ocup polr-gpenD peinneD ap polua- main, ■■ Uhidanus — Our author, or liis inter- ruptions of tlie names given by Pliny, polator, is mistaken in supposing the names Hist. Nat. 1. ii. 47. " Auestar" is evi- of the winds in the foregoing quatrain to AenÚj Auster; " Sabstindrus" seems some be Hebrew; they are no more than cor- disguised form oi Septentrio ; "Steferus" 239 Steferus the western without error, And Ulsulaniis"' its corresponding wind (i. e. tlie east)." And moreover, like the eagerness with which Iaboiu:ers grasp the feeble twigs of the forest wood in cutting them, was the stern, dai'k, intense wrath of the heroes, the exciting, slaughtering, and stirring up of the champions on the one side, pressing upon and surrounding the mighty men o?i the other. And like the rapid and violent ex- ertion of smiths, mightily sledging the glowing iron masses of their furnaces, were the incitements, smiting and slaughtering of the troops; the firmness, the strength, and the snorting of the haughty-furious hosts, ojDposing, resisting, and viewing each other; so that neither chief nor arch-prince perceived the assistance of his friends, nor the nearness of his tribe, nor the oppression suffered hy his own people, or any part of his relatives. Neither did the fair sons of heroes per- ceive the difficulties of their fathers or grandfathers while being op- pressed, nor did they mind to aid or assist their friends or intimate acquaintances, while being heroically slaughtered, hacked, and cut down in their presence ; for each of them deemed his own exertion and suffering dm-ing the violence of that action too extensive and vast, to think of the struggle or suffering of his friends, or to protect his lord. Howbeit, true weeping does not usually occur without tearful sorrow, nor groaning without violence, nor a battle-field without floods of blood. And accordingly many were the feeble, lacerated troops, the horribly-slaughtered bands; mighty men side-mangled, prostrated; haughty chieftains hewn down ; shields cleft and scattered ; spears warped and rivet-bent ; warhke swords hard-broken ; rapid streams of red-blood flowing ; and the hair of heroes^ flying and hovering in IS Zepliyrus J and " Ulsuknus," the east rather than of the author, is probably the wind, is obviously identical with Pliny's source of these corruptions. Subsolanus. The ignorance of transcribers, ^ The hair of heroes. — Seethe accouut 240 main, co nap ba léip lepbaipe lapamam, lamoepoa, lan-paip-png in aeoip uaifcib, pe h-imaD pole ocup pat)b ocup pinnpaiD uarh- beppca paob-pcailci an-aicniD, ap na n-up-rojbail Oo cennaib cupaD ocup cacmileD; conao h-e pin aobap o'cip papaprap puar- nell poipccioe, pip-oopca, O ap ceileo in cleiri coircenn clic-paippinj ceccapoa opacenDaib; ocup gép b'lac ponn-celrpa polc-glapa, pep-oluici in caiman pa cpaigcib, ni luju po lan-celic pe li-imao na n-ap ocup na n-il-échc ina cóppacaib cpuao-aiplig 1 cenn a cell. r?o b'é aipt)-inep ocup innpamail a n-eicep ocup a n-ollomon a]i ecopc in apmuige pin, ^op b'ecpéoip, ocup gup b'anpopupca Do macaib ocup Do min-Dainib céimniujab cac aipoi ocup cac inaiD a capla CIU5 ocup rpomlac in aiplig ocup in apmuige 1 cenn a cell. Nip b'lnjnaD iinoppa D'écpib an r-aipD-mep pin, ciD popbann le piallac a éipcecra a puigell; ap ba ppur-aibne pilceca, paeb-Diana cac claip ocup cac claD-erpije coinpeiD pa copaib na cupctD, ocup ba ppap-linnci puiligi, pip-Doimne cac pan ocup cac popaD-jlenn poD-glap pop-leachan puicib. CiD rpa acr, Do baoap páiDi poillpijfi pip, ocup poipne poraijci ocup piaDnaipi concpá]iDa, cunncabc(]irac1i, pe paD ocup pe n-a pip-cpuap po cofaijper na cupaiD ceccapDa, jan clóD gan cum- pcujaD pe cell, ip in car-laraip. ConiD aipe pin pob inDepb, ocup pob amaippec paipcine a pellpum, ocup a pi|i-eolacli. Do cpeim Dib DO leic po leic, ap n-Diulcao, ocup ap n-DicpeiDem Dóib ap a n-Diabul-cepDaibDpaiDecca boDein, pe peccaD ocup pe pip-Deliugao na pluag agaiD m agaiD ip in imap^ail ; co no paibi 'já póióib ocup '5a pip-eolcaib ace a peirem ocup a pupnaiDi, co pepcaip ca Dpem Dib ap a roipnnpeD, ocup ap a caipippeo cupcaipri ocup coicci of the profusion of human hair which is vol. i. p. 136. The ancient Irish wore their said to have been cut off the heroes in the hair flowing on the shoulders, sothatitmay Battle of Clontarf, in Dublin Penny Jour., have been cut oiF by the sword in battle. 241 in the air, so that tlie broad, bright, brilliant lamp of heaven over them was invisible with the quantity of hair, scalps, and beards cut off and raised up oiT the heads of heroes and warriors. Wherefore a dark and gloomy cloud Avas produced, by which the universal, ex- pansive welkin over the heads of both armies was concealed; and as to the green-haired, close-grassy carpets of the earth under their feet, they were not less concealed l)y tlie immensity of tlie slain and the numberless victims in litters of dire slaughter over each other. The estimate and comparison made by their poets and oUaves of the appearance of this slaughter were, that in every spot and place where the thick and prodigiousness of this carnage and slaughter had occurred, it was impossible for boys and small men to pass. This great estimation made by the poets, though hyperbolical to a hero's hearing it sornids, was not to be wondered at, for every pit and fur- row were flowing dire-rapid rivers under the feet of the champions, and every declivity and green-sodded wide glen were deep pools of blood under them. In the mean time the soothsaj'ers, the revealers of knowledge, and those who had deUvered predictions, were contradictory and doubtful, in consequence of the length of time and stubbornness with which the heroes on both sides maintained the field without yielding or giving way on either side. Wherefore the predictions of their philosophers and wise men became uncertain and doubtful to some of them on either side, they having renounced and disbelieved their own demoniacal sciences of magic, in consequence of the incessant successive rallyings and dispersions of the forces on either side in the contest ; so that their diviners and wise men could do no more than remain in a state of suspense and indecision, until they should learn on which party the success and prosperity of the battle would descend IRISH ARCH. soc. 6. 2 1 and 242 roicri na n-gliaD; ocup t)in po pcnnaigpeD in be nich-jubac Néir a nei]ir-b|iÍ5a. Imclnií'a ceifpi nmc Gachach 5int)i, inipaicep ajaint» ]ie liear> ell. r?ucpac Da puacap Deppcnaigri Dec pa cacaib na cuiceoac, po maiDpec ocup po mapbpac céc caca cac-lairpec, map popglep Ouboiao Dpai : Oo cuaOap cpep in cop caiolec pa Do Dec, Do inapbpac Do pluaj na caem-pep Da ceD Dec. Qnpar ip in ijigail irip gappaDaib ^ailian, ap cinneD caca puacliaip. Oc concacap cerlipa]i laecli-aipech Do Laijnib eacbpaip na n-Qlbanach ic comáiplec caic, .1. Qmlaib Uallach, pig Qca Cliaf, ocup Caipppi Cjioin, pig Laijpi Laijen, ocup QeD Qipjnec, pi^ O Cemnpelaij, ocu]^ Qilill Ceoacli, pig O Pailgi, po laDpac in ' The battle-terrific Beiieit. — 6e nir-ju- bac Heic. — She was the Bellona of the ancient Irisli. In Mac Morissy's copy she is called an Be ^alJ-uicneo, and P. Connell explains it in the margin, the Goddess of War. " T/ie troops nf til e GaiUons. — ^appct- oaiB ^ailian Gail/an is an ancient name of Leinster See O'Flaherty's Ogy- gia, and Duald Mac Firbis's Genealogical Book. ' Amlaibh Uallach, king of Ath Clialh, — i. e. of Dublin. This shows that tlie pre- sent account of the Battle of Magh Rath was written many centuries after it was fought, for Amhlaibh is a Danish name wliich the ancient Irish had not in use among them till they intermarried with the Danes in the eighth or ninth century. The writer, evidently without observing the anachronism, had in view one of the Amlaifs or Anlaffs, who were Danish kings of Dublin some centuries after the year 637 or 638, when this battle was fought. The Irish had the name Amhalgaidh from the earliest period of their history, but this, though now Anglicised Awley, and possibly of cognate origin with the Dano- Irish Amhlaibh, Aulaf, Amlaff, Olaf, or Awley, is not identical with it. " C'airbre Crom, king ofLaighis, in Lein- ster.- — Laighis or Laoighis, which is Lati- nised Lagisia and Anglicised Leis and Leix, is a territory in the present Queen's county ; 243 and tany, and which of them the battle-terrific Beneit' would more inspire Avitli her vigors. With respect to the four sons of Eochaidli Buidlie, we shall treat of them for another while. They made tAvelve remarkable rushes into the battalions of the provincialists, and defeated and slew one hundred persons in every battle-place, as Dubhdiadh the druid tes- tifies : " They passed through the splendid armj' Twelve times, And slew of the host of the fair men Twelve hundred.'' After completing these onslaughts they stopped in the conflict among the troops of the GaiUans". Foiu- of the heroic chieftains of Leinster, namely, Amhlaibh Uallach [i. e. the Haughty], king of Ath Cliath", Cairbre Crom, king of Laighis, in Leinster", Aedh Airgnech, king of Ui Ceinnselach'', and Aihll Cedach, king of Ui Failghe^ per- ceiving but it is not co-extensive witli that county, off,^\y and Ophaley, is a territory not en- as generally supposed by modern Irish to- tirely in the present King's County, as is pographers, for Laighis comprised no por- generally assumed by modern Irish to- tion of the barony of Upper Ossory, nor pographers, but situated partly in that of the baronies of Tinnahinch or Portna- county and partly in the county of Kil- hinch, and scarcely any of the barony of dare and the Queen's County. It is gene- Slievemargy. rally supposed that in the reign of Philip =' A edh A irgmch, king of h- Ui Ceinn- and Mary the territory of Leix was formed settaigh — For an account of the extent of into the Queen's County, and that of this territory see Circuit of Muirchertach Ophaley into the King's County; but this Mac JVeiU, p. 36. is g. very great error, for there is nearly y A Hill Cedach, king of 0' Pailglie.— It is as much of Ophaley included in the Queen's stated in Buile Shuiblme that this AiliU as there is in the King's County, and be- was slain in the Battle of Magh Rath by sides, tlie baronies of Garrycastle, Bally- Suibhne Geilt. O'Failghe, which is Latin- cowan, Fercal, Clonlish, and Ballybritt, ised Ofalia and Ophalia, and Anglicised in the latter county, were never included 2 I 2 244 in cerpap cupaD pn u]mafc imjona ap og-pigpam Qlban, jup oppy^ac caejaD cupat) caca pip co n-a poipnib 'net piatinaifi. Nip mairpec meic Gachach a n-anbpola Oo'n ceo puarap cupctD pin ; cepc gabaip Conjal Cai]ippi 'p in comlunD ; olufaijip Domnall in ipjal ap Qmldib ; pannraijip Suibne in imjuin pe Qilell ; po opbpar in Da QeD a n-imbualoo. l?oppac coinDígalca a cneaoa ap a céb occap aipec na li-iiTilait)i, gup maiDper meic Gachach aipecup copcaip na car-lairpec, amail apbepc in pile : Uo]icaip Qet) Ctipgnech imne la h-Ctet) mac Gaclmch bume, pe Suibne pluagach 'p in cac 1 copcaip Qilell Céoach. Caipppi, pig Laijpi na lenn, 1 ropcaip pe Gonial illenD, pe Oonmall m-bpeac co n-aine copcaip Qmlaib iinpctile. CiD cpacc, nip mepa ocup nip miolacii meipnec ocup iiiop- gnimpat» maicne opec-oepgi OomnaiU, mic Cteoa, nuc Qinniipec, ic Digail cneo in cecpaip pm ap Ullraib ocup ap allmapcaib, .i. pepgup, ocup Qenjup, Qilell, ocup Colgu, ocup Conall a comar- manna : a]i ni-buaougao caca báipe, ocup ap inaioem caca nióp- copcaip, ocup ap cinDeo caca car-puachaip Do macaib aipo-pig Gpenn, do coinpaicpec, cenn i cenn, ocup ceicpe nieic pig Qlban. l?o paigpec ocup po panncaigpec peipiup poinemail do na clann- maicnib pm o cell, .i. Congal, ocup Suibne, ocup QeD, cpi nieic Gchach buiDi, Qilell, ocup Colgu, ocup Conall, cpi meic OomnaiU. Nip in the ancient Ophaley. This territory, those of Portnahinch and Tinnahinch, in ■which is very famous in Irish history, the Queen's County, and that portion of comprised the baronies of Upper and the King's County inchided in tlie dioceses Lower Ophaley, in the county of Kildare, of Kildare and Leighlin. 245 ceiving these sallies of the Albanachs slaughtering the people, they closed a wounding circle upon the young princes of Alba, so that each of them cut down fifty heroes with their forces in their presence. The sons of Eochaidh did not forgive them their enmity for this first heroic onslaught. Congal attacked Cairbre in the combat; Dorali- nall pressed the conflict on Amhlaibh ; Suibhne coveted to contend with Ailill, and the two Aedhs longed to come to blows. These eight chiefs of combat inflicted Avoimds with equal vengeance on one anotlier, and the sons of Eochaidh gained the victory of the battle- place, as the poet says : "Aedh Airgnech was slain no doubt By Aedh, the son of Eochaidh Buidhe ; By Suibhne, the popidous in the strife, Aihll Cedach was slain. Cairbre, king of Laighis of tunics" Was slain by Congal Menu ; By Domhnall Brec with expertness Was Amlaibh, the mariner, slain." Howbeit, the courage and great deeds of the blooming-faced sons of Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, were not the worse or the more cowardly in revenging the wounds [deaths^ of these four on the Ultonians and foreigners, viz., Fergus, Aengus, Ailell, Colgu, and Conall by name. After every other goal had been won, every great triumph gained, and every battle-onset accomplished by these sons of the monarch of Erin, they and the four sons of the king of Alba fought hand to hand. Six of these puissant sons coveted and sought each other, viz., Congal, Suibhne, and Aedh, three of the sons of Eochaidh Buidlie, and Ailell, Colgu, and Conall, three of the sons of z Kitiff of Laighis of tiinirs. — In the Laoigliis of swords" but this, though it paper copy the reading is Cciipbpe, pi j makes very good sense, does not appear as Caoijipi i\a lann, i. e. "Cairbre, king of correct as the reading in the vellum copy as 246 Nip ba h-eifleoac in imaipiuc pin, uaiji ba comDicjia a comjiac, ocuf ba comc]ioni comaDaip a comlonn ; uaip ba coniDurhcupa comceneoil icip Gpinn ocup Qlbnin cuingeba caema, cpaeb-imipli, cáoaip in comlainD pin ocup in compaic. CiD cpacc nip b'aipem aipec inp plairib ic ple6-ol oppii a h-aicli na h-imlaioe pin, ace ba meap maicne irip mapbaib, op n-a muDugaD, ap na coTncuirim pe cell, amail opbepr in pili : Ceirpe meic Gcliech buiDi, CU15 meic Domnaill, pij Daipe, DebaiD po opbpaDap oe, oc concaoap a ceile. Seipiup t)ib-pin popum njijle, po mapbpaoap a ceile, CteD, Suibne, Gonial na clann, QileU, C0I5U ocup Conall. Uuiprecra in rpip nap mapbaD t)o'n maicne pin, .1. pepgup ocup Qengui^ Da mac Oomnaill, ocup Oomnall bpeac, mac Gch- ach 6uit)i. Qcc cena, po b'lncompaic epein o'Pepgup no o'Qenguj', ocup pob' poplann oebaio na oepi Depbparhap 'n-a agaio a aenup; 0015 po rpaerpar ocup po roipnepcap Oomnall, gup Damaip in c-ój-mac a upgabail ; co n-ebaipc a bpeic 'na befaiD ap paepam na plara, ocup a accup ap h-ua n-Qinmipec. Ocup Do pinDeao pip map Do paiDiupcap; ocup pucaD h-e D'lnnpaigiD aipD-pij Gpenn, j^upa apploinD a pialap 'n a piaDnaipi, .1. Colum Cilli, mac peiD- limiD, D'oilemain a acliap, .1. GchaiD buiDi, mac Qeoain, amail apbepc in pili : Qenjup ip pepjup co becc po jabpacap Oomnall bpecc, CO given above in the text, because the rhyme perfect. Na lenn is translated togarnm by with meno or ineann would not be so Colgan in Tria» Thaum. p. 225, col. i. 247 of Domlanall. This was not a soft contest, for their fight was equally sanguine and their conflict equally powerful and creditable ; for the comely, free-born, honom-able heroes of this conflict and combat were of equally noble descent both of Erin and of Alba. Howbeit, it was not the reckoning of chiefs among princes at a banquet was to he made on them after this conflict, but they were estimated as youths among the dead, for they were slain and iell nnitually by one another, as the poet says : " The four sons of Eochaidh Buidhe, The five sons of Domhnall, king of Daire, Coveted to come to single combat When they beheld each other. Six of these of bright achievements Mutuallij slew each other, Aedh, Suibhne, Congal of thrusts, Ailell, Colgu, and Conall." With respect to the three of these sons who were not slain, viz., Fergus and Aengus, the two sons of king Domhnall, and Domhnall Brec, the son of Eochaidli Buidhe, the latter was fit to contend with either Fergus or Aengus singfj/, but it was too much to have the two brothers against him alone ; and they subdued and vanquished him, and that youthfiu warrior suffered himself to be taken prisoner ; and he requested that he might be brought alive under the mercy of the king, and to be handed over to the disposal of the grandson of Ainmh'ech. This was done accordingly as he had requested : he was conveyed to the monarch of Erin, before whom he pointed out his friendship with his family, viz., that Colum Cille, the son of Feidhlimidh, had fostered, his father, Eochaidli Buidhe, the son of Aedan, as the poet says : "Aengus and Fergus expertly Captured Domhnall Brec, And 248 CO cucpac mac Gchacli mil 'n a bechaiD i lairh Oomnaill. blmDain do i lanri OomtiaiU Dein, CO cárnc GochaiD D'á jieiyi, gup leic Oomnall, — saps a gluiriD, — o mac DO balra Coluim. CiD cpacc, map Do cualaiD Gonial Claen caf-puarap clainDi Gachacli D'popDíbaD, ba lonn ocup ba lopcaD le Congal ceirpe iiairne oipopaca oipecaif Qlban D'poipuceoD ap incaib a enig ; coniD nipe ]^m po clipeprap Congal pet na caraib map cbpep piaD- mil puarh-péaDgacli, pomópDa paipji pa mupbpuccaib monj-puaDa maDmannacha min-éipc mop-mapa. l?o leanpac luce a pefmi ocup a imoeajla Congal Do compai^nib cupaD ocup car-mileD Ulao ocup allmapac, pa Conari T?oD, mac pig bpecan, ocup pá'n caejair cac-mileD co n-iapanD blocaib UllracliDa acu, map Do can Gonial in inaD eli : Ctcú-]'a caegair pep pinD, CO n-apm cupaD op a cinD, ic Dijail m'olc ip mo cneaD, ocup blocc pe cac aen pep. Guapraijip Gongal cpiplac in cara moip ap a meDon, ic coga rpiacb inp rpen-pepaib, ocup ic airne aipD-pij icip anpaDaib, ic y^uag-Diglaim na paep-clanD po-ceneoil inp na pluajaib, cumaD ap coDnacaib in cara po caicpeD pum céu-jpinne a pepji, ocup a engnuma, ic comDigail a cneaD ap cac, gup ob eaD aipmic ugDaip CO nap pógaib aipecc, na aicme, na apD-cmeb D'pepaib Gpenn uile gan epbaiD ocup gan occaine ecca aipig no aipD-pig, ic comDi- gail clainDi Gachach opaib. Qcc cena, nip rpeicy^eac ceglac a ruppacca Gongal ip m carpoin, ace capm-cloca in cigejinaip tc bÓDuD 249 And delivered that son of the great Eochaidh Alive into the hands of Domhnall. He was a year in the hands of bold Domhnall, Until Eochaidh came to submit to him, So that Domhnall of fierce deed Gave up his son to Columb's foster-child." Now when Congal Claen had heard that the sons of Eochaidh were cut oif, it was grief and burning to him that the four illustrious pillars of the renown of Alba should have been destroyed while under his own protection. Wherefore he rushed through the bat- talions as a furious sea-monster plunges at red-finned retreating small fish of the great sea. His attendants and defenders, who were of the choicest of the heroes and warriors of the Ultonians and foreigners, followed Congal under the command of Conan Rod, son of the king of Britain, having Ultouian iron blocks, as Congal said in another place : " I had fifty fair men. With heroic weapons over them, Revenging my evils and my wounds, And a block with every one man." Congal scanned the m-eat host from its centre to its borders, selecting the leaders from among heroes, and marking the arch- chieftains among soldiers, picking the free-born nobihty from among the hosts, so that it might be on the chieftains of the army he would expend the first paroxysm of his rage and valoiu- in revenging his wounds on them all ; and authors recount that he did not leave a party or tribe of the great tribes of the men of Erin without a loss, or without having to bewail the death of a chief or arch-prince, in avenging the sons of Eochaidh upon them. Howbeit, the attendants of Congal in this sally did not abandon him, but the superior renown IRISH AECH. SOC 6. 2 K 0Í 250 bábuo a m-blaiDi, uaip écc 1 pail pij a jiuiDle]^, amail afbejir in pili : 6cc 1 pail jug ni capba r)o reglacaib rji en-calm a , ap na pigaib pop po oeao; bip a nop gen 50b lan-ceao. Ip oeipmipechc oopein comipjail Congail ocup Conain com- impaicep a n-Depnpar a n-Di'p amail apbepc in pile : ^ac ap Tna]ibaou|i mcqiaen, Conc'in ip Congal Claen, ap Cbongal aininnijrep pin, cuiD Chonáin Do'n coiiniopgail. No jop ruir Conan calma, mac pig bpecan bpac-arhpa, pe Congal Claen noc ap bean po mac pig na laec lonn-mep. ConiD aipe pin po epig imrnur Congail pe Conan, pa méo po mapbupcap Do pigpaiD Gpenn ina piaDnaipi, ocup gan nil a pamri no cappaccain n'á cpén-pepaib pe clep-paebpaib Conain ic up- y^claigi ap a ucr ; gup puagaip Congal no Clionan ceim no cupanaib Connacc ocup co cuaraib Uempa, co m-bepen pum a báipe pa rpen-pepaib in Cuaipcipc; uaip nip lir leip coman aen aipem ap pein ocup ap pennm map Conan ip in car-laraip, amail apbepc piann pili : Qrbepc Congal mifig uaim, a Cbonain Rum co po buain ! ni * This quatrain is supplied from Mac that there had been other accounts of the Morissy's copy, p. 97. Battle of Magh Eath, written before the ^ Flann, the poet This quotation shows present story was drawn wp, and that the 251 of royalty eclipsed their fame, for an achievement performed in the presence of a king is his inherent right, as the poet says : "An achievement with a king is of no avail To his mighty, brave attendants. To the kings it will be attributed ; It is the custom, although not by full consent^" An illustration of this was the joint battle of Congal and Conan : what both achieved is reported of one, as the poet says : "What both together slew, Conan and Congal Claen, To Congal is attributed, Conan's part of the conflict as well as his own. Until the brave Conan fell, The son of the renowned king of Britain, Congal Claen was not touched By the great son of a king or a puissant hero." Wherefore Congal's jealousy with Conan arose in consequence of the great number of the chieftains of Erin he had slain, without leaving him as much as would satisfy his thirst for slaughter, such was the bravery of Conan in casting with his edged weapons from before his [ Cowg-o/'s] breast; so that Congal ordered Conan to ad- vance to the heroes of Connaught and the tribes of Tara, that he himself might display his valour among the mighty men of the north; for he did not hke that his own achievements on that battle-field should be related in conjunction with those of such a hero as Conan, as the poet Flann"^ says: " Congal said, depart from me O Conan Rod of e-reat triumph ! There writer availed himself of older WTÍtings, largely on liis own imagination for ficti- though it cannot be doubted that lie drew tious incidents to fill up his descriptions. 2 K 2 ^52 ni uil 'p in car, a laic luino ! ace peiOm aen Duine aguinn. LuiD Conan pa fluag Connacc, ociip UeTTi]ia na rpom-alc, 00 luiD Conjal, gaps a gluinO, pa pluag comjiaiTiacli Conaill. Imclnipa Conaiii, ap n-Deaoail pe Congal po compaicpet) cear- pap aipec oo pigaib Connacc pe Conan, .1. Suibne, mac Carail Cliojipaij, pig li-Ua piacpach, ocup Qeo bpeacc, pi^ longpopcac Linjjne, ocup Qeo Qllan, pij TTleaoa Siuil, ocup QeD buionec, pig li-Ua nriaine. CiD rpacr Do pocpaDctp in cecpop pin do cuinopcleo Conain, map popglep in c-ujDap : TTlac Carail Clioppaij, Suibne, ocup QeD 6pec, pig Luijne, QeD Qllan, QeD buiDnec ban. Do pocpaDap la Conan. Conjal ^ Suibhne, king of h-Ui Fiachrach. — h-Ui Fiaclirach is the name of a territory in the south of the coimty of Galway, which O'Flaherty says is co-extensive with the present barony of Kiltartan, but it can be proved from the most authentic topographical evidences, tliat before the De Burgo's of Clanrickard had dismem- bered the original Irish territories of this county, h-Ui Fiachrach was exactly co- extensive with the diocese of Kilmao- duagh, as laid down on Beaufort's Ecclesi- astical Map of Ireland. After the esta- blishment of surnames the chiefs of this territory were the O'Clerys, O'Heynes, O'Shaughnessys, and Mac Gillakellys, of whom, in the later ages, the O'Heynes and O'Shaughnessys were by far the most distinguished. ú Aedh Breac, king ofLuighne The an- cient territory of Luighne is co-extensive with the present barony of Leyny, in the county of Sligo, in which the name is still preserved. After the establishment of sur- names the O'Haras, who are of Momonian origin, being descended from Tadhg, son of Cian, son of Olioll Olmn, were the chiefs of this territory. •* Aedh Allan, king of Meadha Siuil. — The territory of Meadha Siuil, otherwise called Magh Siuil, and Magh Seola, and the inhabitants Ui Briuin Seola, was There is not in the battle, mighty hero ! But work for one man of us. Conan went to the forces of Connaught And of Tara of the heavy deeds, And Congal of fierce actions To the vahant forces of Conall." As for Conan, after his having separated from Congal four chief- tains of the Connacians engaged with him, viz., Suibhne, son of Cathal Corrach, king of the Hy-Fiachrach", Aedh Brec, king of Luighne'* of fortifications, Aedh Allan, king of Meadha SiuiP, and Aedli, of nu- merous hosts, king of Hy-Maine^ and these four fell by the brave conllict of Conan, as the author testifies : " The son of Cathal Corrach, Suibhne, And Aedh Brec, king of Lidghne, Aedh Allan, Aedh Ban, of numerous hosts. Were slain by Conan." Congal nearly co-extensive with the barony of served in the Library of Trinity College, Clare, in the county of Galway. It ex- Dublin (H. 3. 18. p. 412.), but it would tended from Lough Corrib to the conspi- be too tedious to give them here. It ex- cuous hill of Knockmea, at Castle Hackett, tended, according to these authorities, from and from Clarinbridge to the north boun- the hill of Meadha Siuil, now Knockmea, dary of the parish of Douaghpatrick. This near Castle Hacket, in the county of Gal- was the original country of the O'Fla- way, to Lough Eee, in the Shannon, and hertys, before they were di-iveu across from Athenry, in the same coimty, to the Lough Corrib into the mountains of Con- boundary of Thomond. But after the Clan- namara and Dealbhna Tire da Loch, by rickard Burkes had dismembered the an- the De Burgo's of Clanrickard. cient territories of this part of Connaught, ^ Aedk, kiiir/ of Hy-Maine the territory of Ui Maine was much cir- The exact boundaries of the territory of cumscribed in its limits, and varied in h-Ui Maine are described in O'Dugan's extent, according to the success or misfor- Topographical Poem, aud in a MS. pre- tune of its chief, O'Kelly. 254 Gonial im|iaice)i |ie h-eat) eli. CinDip Conjcd ceim co cupaDaib coy^namaca Conaill, uaiji if p|iiu ba h-uilliu a pepgocuy^a aininne, ocup ip Doib ba mo a mipcne ocup a mmurpacc. CiD rpacr, jeppac C|niinne, cpoDa, comDepa, ocup geppac cepra, copaijn, comapDa cimpa ocup car-imli cccra copnaniaig Conaill op cinD Congail, poppac cpirnaigri, clepapmach, ocup poppcic pcuccha, pcailceca, pcénrhapa uile lac-piDe ap cumapc t)o Congal ap rpen- pepaib m Uuaipcipr; gop rincapcap rapb-coDnac cnurac, ropr- buillech Uopaig, .1. Conall. mac baeoain, mic Nint)e6a,micpep5upa CenDpoDa, mic Conaill ^ulban, mic Neill Noi-jiallaij, o Chulac, Oari, ocup o rpacr-popraib Uopaije lap cuaipcepc. Ip ann ym po cinneprop Conall ceim cupaiD 1 5-cepr ajaiD Conjail, Do coip- nearii a rperain, ocup o'lpliujaD a uabaip, ocup t)o copnam ocup Do cobaip clainDi copnamaigi Conaill, ap congalaib compepje Congail. CiD pil ann rpa, o do compaicpec in Da cuinjiD cara pin ucc pe h-ucc, ocup ajaiD in ajaiD, po accuippec Da upcup im- poiccpi, pip-6ip5e,eruppu, gup bo cnep-buailre,comnui6e DocenDaib na 5-cpaipecli a 5-collaib na car-mileD, ocup juppar pemlij, paoa, puiliDe, pip-lebpa popraóa pip-laec cpoinn-apmra, combipje na cac-cpaipec compaic pin, c

Various sharp weapons, in Irish il- a hill in the barony of Kiknacrenan, in paeBpaiB, a word compounded of il, which the county of Donegal. It is probably in composition has the force of the Latin the place now called Tullaghobegly. multtis or the Greek ttoAi/s, and paeBap, 255 Congal shall be treated ofF for another while. Congal advanced to the defensive heroes of the Cinel Conaill, for against them his anger and animosity were mostly directed, and for them he cherished most malice and hatred. And though the borders and oiitsldrts of the Cinel Conaill were consolidated, brave, and well-arrayed, ad- justed, adapted, and equally higli to meet Congal, they were all shaken, dislodged, scattered, and terror-stricken by the mighty on- slaught which Congal made on these heroes of the north ; until the greedy, heavy-blowed, robustic chieftain of Tory, namely, Conall, the sonof Baedan, son ofNinnidh, son of Fergus Cennfoda, son of Conall Gulban, son of NiaU of the Nine Hostages, of Tulach Dathi^, and of the northern ports of Tory opposed him. Then Conall took the step of a hero against Congal to restrain his fmy, and to humble his pride, and to protect and assist the defensive race of Conall against his furious attacks. When these two warlike champions had come breast to breast and face to face, they made two close straight-aimed thrusts at each other, so that they biuied the heads of their spears in each other's heroic bodies, and so that the trusty, long, bloody, heroic, straight shafts of these battle-fightiug spears were mutually socketed in each other's bodies. After this Conall decided to take a step beyond the boundary to Congal to grasp liim about and hold him outside his arms and various sharp weapons", for Conall thought that it would be no triumpli of contest or becoming victory in him to present his fos- ter-son beheaded or incurable to king Domhnall. Wherefore, he twined his arms in hard-griping heroic grasps around the body and shoulders wliich literally signifies the edge of any the weapons with wliicli an Irish chief was weapon, and figuratively the weapon itself, armed in the year 1 309, were a dagger. It appears from IMagrath's Wars of Tho- a sword hung from his belt, a dart which mond, of which tliere is a MS. in the Li- he carried in his right hand, and a spear brary of the Royal Irish Academy, that or lance which he bore in his left. 256 ciijiat) cap cojip ocup rap cnep-popmnaib Con^ail. po'n cuma ceDna t>o Conjal Claen, laoap ociip uppnaOmaip na glac-Ooit)! gapga, gaibcije, sej-bipje gaipceo, cap copp ocup cap cneap, ocup cap popmnail Conaill, ocup cucpacap cuppa calma, comnepca, coim- Dicpa o'a ceile, ocup cpcnceD neim-meipcnec Oo pocgail porpen, ocup 00 paenpaoaig po calma apoile, gup bo caipjpi epic, calcap, capb- cnucac, cpengleca gac cpachaD cpuaiD, comóep compince cuipp ocup cnep cpiocpailme gac celj, ocup copp, ocup cpuam-gleca 00 cuipecap pe ceile; 50 m-ba pamalca pe paeb-poiclen pap-muilinri ap pip-bleic imnapc, ocup impic, ocup imcimcellao na cujiaD ap a ceile. Coná po pguippeD Do'n cpeacon, ocup oo'n capb-jleic, ocup Oon cnuc-bupac cpapcapca cpen-pep pin, cop bo caep-meall cun- pcaigcec ap na compuachat) an clap caep-cponi, cpiaoaioe, cneap- aijce, pa n-a copaib; gup bo Ian-bog lctbóa, liuc-linncec lan-Domuin gac inaD uipcibe, agaiD-pliuc, ap ap upmaipecap pe pmeb, ocup pe puacab, ocu]' pe plaeopet), pe ppapgail, ocup pe bonngail, ocup pe bopb-cpeipecc, pe TtiepcaiS, ocup pe nneallgail, ocup pe muinelat) na mileo ag poicleD ocup ag pocimpot) npoile. T?o cluinpió cpa po ceicpe h-apoaib m caca, — mena m-beic menTna caic ap comáiplec a ceile, — péic-pineD a b-péic ag a b-piap-cappaig, ocup alc-geimnec a n-alc ag a n-eDappcapao, ocup clec-cumgugaD a cliab-apnaiD ag a comDpuo 1 cenn a ceile, gup bo Dicumaing Do na Deg-laecaib upaccup ocup upgabail a n-anala, ap g-cumgacliaC) na g-conapao coiccenD a n-aDaigcip uaraib Do gpep la popécnech peDma na pip- laec. ' Violence of iheir exertions 5° "i-ba how the Irish mind in the 19th century, rariialca pe paeB-potrlen pap-muiUinn. thoiigh tamer and more concentrated than This is not unlike Carleton's description that of the nth, has produced a some- of the single cudgel combat between what similar description of a single ren- Grimes and Kelly, in his Party Fight and counter. " At length, by a tremendous Funeral, from which we are tempted to effort, Kelly got the staff twisted nearly quote the following passage, as showing out of Grimes' hand, and a short shout. slioulders of Congal, and Congal likewise folded and entwined his rough, dangerous, straight-armed hands of valour around the body and shoulders of Conall ; they gave brave, mighty, and earnest twists to each other, and tremendous shakes, with mighty and powerfid twirling, so that their great efforts and struggles, twining and twir- ling, were active, firm, fierce, and mighty, like two bulls, and they might be compared to the huge wheel of a mill at rapid-grinding ; and they did not desist from these mighty struggles until the deep clayey siu-face of the earth under their feet was tempered and stripped, and until every moist spot on which they wrestled was soft, mir}^, and deep, from their stretching, struggling, and trampling, as they turned, swayed, and twirled each other. They would have been heard throughout the four quarters of the battle, were it not that the minds of all were intent on slaughtering one another. The over- straining of their sinews in their contortions, the cracking of their joints in dislocations, the compression of their chest-ribs in their pressing together, made respiration and inspiration difficult to these goodly heroes, from the contraction of the general passages, caused by the violence of their exertions'. In short, since the battle of Her- cules, half- encouraging, half- indignant, came twirled round with such rapidity, that it from Grime's party. This added shame was impossible to distinguish them. Some- to his other passions, and threw an im- times, when a pull of more than ordinary pulse of almost supernatural strength into power took place, they seemed to cling liini; he recovered his advantage, but no- together almost without motion, bending thing more ; they twisted ; they heaved down until their heads nearly touched the their great frames against each other ; ground, their cracking joints seeming to they struggled ; their action became rapid ; stretch by the effort, and the muscles ol' they swayed each other this way and that ; their limbs standing out from the flesh, their eyes like fire ; their teeth locked, and strung into amazing tension." — Traits and their nostrils dilated. Sometimes they Stories of the Irish Peasantry^ second edit, twined about each other like serpents, and p. 342. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 L 258 laec. Qcrcena,ni Oepnaórap eiy^5leacaG|icail,micQmpliiriiionip, ocu]^ Qncei, mic Ue|i]iae, aen gleic ociip aen co|i]iai5ecc a h-iny^a- mail fm, 0015 arh po ba jaibrec in gleic pin, ocup po ba cpuam in coppaiDecr, ocup po ba apnaiDe in imjiiipgail po'n innup pin. Ocup Dan pobcap copinaile cecpaioe na cupao ini rapcoipne caic ap a ceile aca ip in iiaip pin: O015 arh nip ceDpaiD pe Congal aen-pep D'a popcaD no Da mncongbail po an inniip pin, .1. pe meu a menman, ocup pe li-imibpige a aicenra, ocup Dno pe h-oll-cecpaiD na n-Ullrac ap pleccaib a pinnpep. Ocup Dno, ni nio po cecpamepuap Conall aen-pep D'á popraD, no d'Ó iinconsbail 'inon innup pin, pe rije, ocup pe cojDacc, ocup pe cul-buipbe na Uuaipcepcac, ip a n-aigneD po h-oileD, ocuppo airpeab ann, ocup pe DijainnDecca a Durcapa, ocup pe cecpaiDe a ceneoil o niam-clanDaib nepcmapa, niclmca, nam- DaiDe Neill, ocup beop a beir 'n-a mac aipn-pij Gpenn, .1. Do baeDan, mac NmneDa, mic pepgupa, mic Conaill, mic Neill Naijiallaij, map popglep an c-ujDap : Qen bliaDain pe h-ol meDa Do baeDan, mac Ninneoa, a cecaip pirceD puaip Debec Do boi QeD, mac Qinmipec. ConaD aipe pin, po cerpaiDepcap Conall ap cac cuip ap na compejaD, jup ab Do boDein commaiDem, ocup po ba Durca buaD- ugaD caca bája Do bpeir, ocup copcap caca cainjne Do com- maiDem ; conaD aipe j'ln, rucapcaip rpen-cop capcuipnec, calmci, comlaiDip, caDar, comnepc, cealj-baegloiDe cupaD 1 cepc-agaiD a colna Do Cliongal, co capla rperipm na rpoDa, ocup mioDac na miDcomaiple, J T//e son 0/ Amphitri/on — This allusion known in Ireland in tlie middle ages. It sliows that our author had access to Lucan is curious, hoAvever, his calling Hercules or Statius, and that the Latin classics were the son of Amphitryon. 259 cules, the son of Ampliitryon\ with Anteus, the son of Terra, no ren- counter or wresthng hkc this had taken place, for tlius indeed the struggle was dangerous, the rencounter hard, and the wi-esthng vi- olent. And the heroes were of the same mind as regarded their contempt for each other at this time ; for Congal did not think that any one Avould have been able to resist or withstand him in this man- ner, from the greatness of his magnanimity, and the haughtiness of his mind, and moreover, from the high notion of the Ultonians respecting the glory they derived from their ancestors. Nor did Conall brook it better that any man should resist or withstand him in this manner, in consequence of the firmness, distinction, and fierceness of the nor- therns, and from the feeling which had been niurtiu"ed, and which dwelt within him, and from the native dignity of his tribe, and from his notion of his descent from the splendid, puissant, warlike race of Niall, and moreover from his being the son of the monarch of Erin, viz., of Baedan, son of Ninnidh, son of Fergus, son of Conall, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages, as the author testifies : "One year to diink mead" (i. e. to be in peace) Was Baedan, son of Ninnidli, king; For foirr and twenty years of strife Kuled Aedh, the son of Aiumire." Wlierefore, taking every tiling into consideration, Conall was of opinion, that he himself Avoidd gain the victory, for it was hereditary in him to gain the victory in every conflict, and to triumph in every struggle. Wherefore, he gave one mighty, insulting, brave, robust, subduing, dangerous twist of his body against Congal, so that the instigator ^ One year to drink mead. — Qen bliao- inform us that a king or chieftain was re- am, &c., DO óaeoan, i. e. A. D. 571 He markable for drinking mead or playing was succeeded in the year 572 by Aedh, chess, they give us to understand that he the father of king Domhnall, the hero of enjoyed peace. this tale. When the ancient Irish writers 2 L 2 26ó TTiiDcomaijile, ocup ci]'>t)i coimeca cel5 ocup cora]ipnacca, ocup claen-corhaD 'na cpuinne ylaeoaijn |"ir-paen, giiji bo li-i o ajaiD ba h-uacca]iac pe DejicaD na n-Dul ip in coibeip cera]iba op a cionn, CO jiaibe compaD cuipp in caf-mileti ap na rorhap h-i culinainj na caltnan, o piorbaca a pol co popinna n cean-rhullaij ; co clop po ceifpib a|it)a in cara cpuam-iaccaD an cupaib ocup ceann copna- mac coTTicgin Conjail, mp n-a pineat) ociip ap n-a rpopcpar» Oo neapr- copo nirliaca mic b]iaf-bnillit)i5 baenain. ba i n-ecinaing na pe pin, ac cimla Conan T?ot) cneaO-opnaóac comeigin Corjail, ocup po innpaij 50 mac bpar-buillmig baetíain, ociip ip anilait) jio boi pme ina bopb-pt)iiai5 booba op cint) Conjail, 05 rpiall ocup ac nnDpcecal a cenjail ocup a cpuati-cuibpijfe c»o cpiop a cloiDim, ocup 00 pciarpac a pceire. Uucnpraip eirh Conan cjiimiO-buiUe cloiDmi pa ceapr-comaip a cpaiOe Xyo Conall ; ciD rpacc nip Tnoraig mac bopb-neaprmap baeDain an cpimm-buiUi clomim pm no ^ip compomnepraip a cliab ocup a cpaioe ap cepc do, jiip bo cpecr comoplaicfe copp an cupaiD 05 cuicim co calmom. ConaD 1 coboip Conani ap Consal, ocup copuigecc Coriaill ociip Conjaill ap Car TTluije Hat conuicci pm. Qcc cena, ni piacc leip m Oa pig-milet), .1. le Conan ociip le Conjal, copcap Conaill Do commaiDem, m ran Do piacr cloiDem cobupca caic giip m caf-laraip cerna pm, .i. Celiac, mac TTlailcoba, Do copnam cmD Conaill pip na cupaDaib, pepiu no bepDip a cop- cap cap claD poip Ó na plua^aib; oip ip e aipmiD iigDaip nac ap commaiDeD copcap aen laic D'ápD clanna Neill ap lafaip m laire pm, ' III a miijhtt/ huge arch Ina Bopb- from the fact, that in the best MSS. the fDuai;^boDbu — Theword poua^ or pcua^ rainbow is called f^'J'^S "e'"ie, i- e, the certainly signifies an arch or how, though arch of heaven. The word is also applied it is not so explained in any published to the arch of a bridge, as in the following Irish Dictionary. This appears obvious example : pil opoicec ac on ccirpaig :26l instigator of tlie battle, the contriver of the evil design, the receptacle of treachery and perverseness, and the fell cause of all the slaugliter, was laid supine with his face up to view the clouds, in the wide four- quartered firmament over him ; so that the length of this warrior's body was impressed in the svu'face of the ground from the extremity of his heel to the top of his head; so that the hard warrior-shrieks and violent groans of Congal, when laid tJius prostrate by the robust and vigorous effort of the heavy-striking son of Baedan, were heard throughout the foiu- quarters of the battle. At this time Conau Rod heard the loud groans of Congal in this strait, and he approached the heavy-striking son of Baedan, who was then bent in a mighty huge arch' over Congal, ready to tie and fetter him with the girdle of his sword, and the bands of his shield. Conan made a hard blow of his sword at Conall exactly opposite his heart, and the furious-puissant son of Baedan did not feel the blow until it had cleft his breast and heart in twain, so that the body of the liero fell to the groiuid in one wide-gaping woi;nd ! So far the rencounter of Conall and Congal, and the aid of Cunan to Congal in the Battle of Magh Rath. Howbeit, the two royal heroes, Conan and Congal, had not time -to exhibit the trophy [Iiead] of Conall, before the aiding sword of all, namely, Cellach, the son of Maelcobha, came \\\) to the scene of the contest to defend the head of Conall against the heroes, and pre- vent them from carrjdng it off as a trophy eastwards across the mound from the hosts. Authors relate that during that day none of the great descendants of Niall were slain and exulted over, to whom Cel- lach pin, mapma|i eipioe icip poua^a ocup (in the possession of the Duke ofDevon- popcaóu, i. e. "there is abridge at that shire), ibl. 107. The term pouaj-Dopup ■ city, which is constructed of marble, both is often applied to a circular-headed door- in its arches and pillars." — Book of l,ismore way See the same MS. fol. 156. 262 pin, jon Celiac x^o coyriani a cint), ocup D'aife a poobat), t)o peiji TTinji popjleip in c-iijDap : Nip cuic pig net piiipe peiD 'ya Ictife ]^in, 00 clainD Neill, nac coipencto Celiac cam a copcap CO n-a Digail. Qn can ac connac Conjal Celiac 0(5 a lapmoipecc, ocup t)'á innpaigit), po imjaib in c-inab pm, ocup po inopaig inao ele 'nop pooil ]^onn mc(p Cliellac o'a coimppejjia, no inal map mac TTlaile- coba oa ciippachaD. Oip ap eat) bc( cecpaiD Do Congal, Da com- Dunca cpo caoac na car-lacpaig in aen inaD aip ocup ap a com- Dalca, nac buD peap aire a anpcdrct, na Diojalca a Depce na a Dimiaoa ap Domnall, na ajpa eapbaDa popba na n-Ullcac, .1. Cpic Conaill ocii]' Cojam, ocup Qipj^iall ap Cenel Conaill ; conaD aipe pin, po afcuipeprap cumgioecc na car-larpctig ap Conan PoD pa comppegpa Cellaij. CiD pil ann rpa, ba conpaDaiD Celiac ma Conan aj cocliaD ap c( cinD ip in cctrli-jleo pin, lap na imgabail D'aipD-pig UlaD, uctip ba cpaD cpaiDe le Celiac in po pa D015 leip Do paep-clanDa poiceneoil nepc-cloinDe Neill Do cuppacaD Do Congal, an cem Do beir pium ocup Conan ag comppegpa a ceile. ConiD cmn pin po canuprap Celiac, ap puipeac peicearhain D'á n-Dligeann Duip-biDba Depb-piacc( Duic-pi coc1ic(D ap mo cinD-pa 'pet car-laraip pi, uaip baD luciD lerrpuim ler-eDc(]i5aipe laifpec ecip Congal ocupConall cu, maD cop cpapra. Qmen cena, ni map 5ac ni DO neoc a rijepna do cepapgam gan ciugba, na a piop-capa D'poipirin ap eicm irip, a Cellaig, ap Conan. baigim-pi bpiarap Dno, a pig-mileD, nac d'ic c'palaD, ma c'ainpiaca, ma c'ecpaice, canga-pa ■" No kinff or dexterous chief had /alien, tliat there was an older account of the — Ni cuic pij na puipe péió — This shows Battle of Magh Kath than the present. 263 lach did not come to prevent their lieads from being carried away in triumph, and to revenge their wounds, as the author testifies : "No kino; or dexterous chief had fallen™ On that day, of the race of Niall, Whose trophy Cellach, the comely, Did not protect and revenge." When Congal perceived Cellach in pursuit of him, and approach- ing him, he avoided the place where he was, and sought another whither he thought a bulwark like Cellach would not co7ne to respond to him, or a chief like the son of Maelcobha would not subdue him ; for Congal thought that should he and his foster-brother \_Cellach] become the centre of attraction to the brave encircling bulwarks on the field of battle, that there would not be a man to revenge his animo- sities, or to avenge the loss o/his eye, or his indignities onDomhnall, or to dispute the curtailment of the Ultonian territory, namely, the countries of Tir Conaill andTir Eoghain, and Airghialla, with the Cinel Conaill ; wlierefore he left the leadership of the battle-field to Conan Rod for the piu-pose of I'esponding to Cellach; but Cellach was more fmious than Conan in pressing on the combat, after the Idng of Ulster liad fled him, for it was vexation of heart to Cellach to think of the nmnber of the noble free-born mighty race of Niall which he thought would be discomfited by Congal, while he himself and Conan should be contending with each other. Then Cellach said, " It is the Avaiting of a debtor who owes a bitter enemy just debts, for thee to wait for me on this battle-field, for tliou hast just now very unjustly and un-" fairly interposed between Congal and Conall." " Be it so indeed, C) Cellach," said Conan ; " a person should not act in the ordinary way to save his lord from destruction, or to defend his true friend in diffi- culty ; and I swear by my word, O royal warrior, that it was not to revenge thy animosity, thy trespasses, or thy enmity that I have come against 264 ran^a-pa pior-ya a pig-rnat), iná po cofctijep ap lio cinD i)" in lo baja-pa oniu. baigim-pi hpirtfap eim, a pi^-mileD, a Conain, ap Celiac, mana ica-pa c'cmpolca no r'anpiaca piom-pa ip m coim- epgctil caca pa ip in rpar pa, noca n-icpaib t)ia eip co epic cmnce, coiccinn, cem-eipepji caic. bioh a pip ajao-pa, ap Concin, nac cuprap poppppaic ap peinnet), uaip ni bctig bpiarpa ajctD-pa báirep pep-jlonnct pip-laic, ctp Coiictn, ociip ni puachaD puijill aifeip palat) op epcapc(it) etjip ^cteioela Do jpep. l?o perap-pa imoppo in ni pin, a Clionctm, ap Celiac, ocup Dno, bioo a piop agaD-pa, an ci t)'a n-oligap an Dail, ociip ap a n-ajiipfap Deipb-piaca, ap Diop ocup op DI1510 DO iipnaiDre pe h-ioppoiD no h-ogpa, ocup pe pep puop- oíDe no polo; ocup ono, 0(5 po cucctr-po an ceo upcop, op pe, 05 cparlioD no cpaipije D'ct li-occop uoDo 50C0 cepc-Dip^e co Conon. CcingaDop cpiop bporop boDoc, bpoiremla, 6pernc(c Do cer-muinn- rep Conain enp e ocup cm r-upcop, .i.rpi meic De]ibhporop a orop, .1. cpi meic load, iiiic Qili lTlec(6]iuaiD, .1. Rep, ocup Ul, ocup Qp- cup, o n-c(nnianno ; ocup canjaDup a rpiup co n-Deipibecop Dpnim ap Dpuim op cepc-beloib Conain enp é ocup on c-upcup. IRo peo- loD ocup po peoeD cpuc(D-upcop cpoiptge Cellcdg cuco ceca cepc- Dipje, 5up bo Doippi Debra Dion-cpeccoca bpninneaDa no m-5pec- noc, op g-coirhrpejoD cuipp ceca cupoD rpio n-o céile, ocup op pcolcoD o pceir op a pcor-bpuinDi. Qcc cenc(, nip roipmepc cop- joinn, rupoip, no recroipecca Do cpuaiD-upcop cpoipije Celloij on cpiup pin Do cuicim d'o rpen-gum, no gup gab jpinni no plego jpenn jaboD 1 Conan op cepr-loji ct mne ocup o inorctp, ap jXolcaD o pceir. Ip onn pin cuimnijep Coiion a pec(cr piojDo po-gupmop, ocup po gob in cctr-cpoipec cecnct, ocup accuipip 1 crp culoD co Celiac, "Person ofichoni the retr/buiion is due. — ° Three sons of Idhal, the son of Ailli — Qn ci d'q n-oli^ap an Dcnl This is in tlie Cpi mic lociil mic QiUe Are these technical language of the Brehon Laws. ideal personages ? 265 against thee, or that I have opposed thee this day on which I have sworn." " I also swear by my Avord, O royal warrior, O Conan," said Cellach, " that unless thou wilt pay thy animosities or debts to me in this contest on this occasion, thou shalt never pay them hereafter, until the general fate which awaits all after their resurrection." " Be it known to thee," said Conan, " that a hero cannot be dismayed, and that thy threatening words will not extinguish the manly valour of a true champion," said Conan, " and it is not abusive language that will always revenge spite on an enemy amongst the Gaels." " I know that thing well, Conan," said Cellach, "and be it likewise known to thee, that the person of Avliom the retribution is due", and of whom just debts are demanded, it behoves him, and he is bound to petition in seeking the demand, and to seek it of the man who owes the spite ; and here, therefore, is the first shot towards thee," said he, brandishing his spear, and casting it directly at Conan. Three affec- tionate British relatives of Conan's chief people came between him and the shot, namely, the three sons of his father's brother, to wit, the three sons of Idlial, the son of AilH" Meadhruadli, namely. Res, Ul, and Arthiu" by name, and the three came so that they stood back to back before Conan, and between him and the shot. The vigorous shot of the spear of Cellach was directed and driven straight towards them, so that the breasts of these Britons were battle-doors of severe wounds, the body of each champion being respectively pierced, their shields which defended their breasts having been cleft asunder. Howbeit, the intended object of the vigorous shot of Cel- lach's spear was not checked by the fall of these three, occasioned by the great wounds it inihcted, nor until the head of the spear dange- rously entered Conan in the very middle of his entrails and bowels, his shield having been cleft. Then Conan, caUing to mind his own great regal prowess, took the same battle-spear and cast it back at iRisu ARCH. soc. 6. 2 M Cclkch • 266 Celiac, CO rcmjaoaji C]iia|i rojaibe, rul-bo|ib, riiai|'ce|icac Do cineC) Qenjiipa, mic Conaill, .1. Gocliaioh, ocup Qnluan, ocup Qil^enan, a n-annianna, ocu]'' cangaDci]! ria cimiji co n-DepiOeca|i D]iuim ctji Dpuim, aji cepc-belaib Cellaig, eciji e ocup Conan; ocup ]io Dipgeó, ocup ]io Deg-peolao cpua6-upca]i cuca caca cejin-óipge, guji coll- ujiejepcaip in c]iiu|i cul-bopb Uuaipcepuac, ecip coppctib ocup car-pceirib; cm cpa ace, niji b'upcaii inDipge Do cpuao-cpaipig Conain an r|iiuji pm do cuicim D'ct ciiom-guin, co n-DecliaiD m Daijiji Diubjiaicri rpe eijip imcail impnlaing iccapac cac-pceir coninepr cara an caem-cupaiD Cellaig, mic ITIailcoba, gup rpeajDapraip rpe na upoigce ocup i cabniain. Nip ba ceannpaijre Celiac an cpiup pin DO ruiriin gan ctnaD jan piii]iec ina pictDnaipe, ocup nip pecupcap Do cpom-giiin a cpoigreD 05 innyxtigiD a e]'capar, ocup pop ; nip ciunaiDe Conan ag mnpaigiDCellaig a muincep Do mapbaD ocup a cpom-juin ap ru]'. Pucpac Da eiciin eDcpoma, pip-lucira, 1 cepr-comDail a cele, niap Do paiginp, ocup map Do papaigicip, ocu)' map Do baeglaiginp Da bpoDcoin bopba, biapcaiDe, boDbae, a con-maepa coimeoa ap 5-coimclipeD d'ó coin-iallaib cuibpige pe h-ainpepce a n-aicenra. Do cuaiD in compac a li-inaD eDcpana na h-eaDapgaipe lapcain, co nap cuimjecop a caipDe na a ceirepnn a ciunujcfD met a ceannpugaD, a cobaip ma a compopcacc, pe bpur, ocup pe buipbe, ocup pe biapramlacc na m-beichpe m-boDbo pm, 05 combpi]'eD compaic ocup comlainn ap a ceile, laip na glepaib japga, gloinn-niepa, gaibreca gaipceD, po jabpacaji 1 cenDaib, ocup 1 carbappaib caema cumDaijre a ceile, gop bo lion-bpar leDapac, lan-Depcc ceinn-bepci comgela jaca cujiaD, Do coimectgap cloiDem ocup cpaipec ap a ceile ; gup ab é aipmiD ugDaip gup b'lnroiDecra o'pepaib '' Race of Aengus, the son ofConall. — Conall Gulban See genealogical table of Do cineo Qenjupa mic ConaiU That the descendants of Conall Gulban, at the is, of the race of Aengus Gundat, son of end of this volume. 267 Cellach ; upon which three distinguished impetuous northerns of the race of Aengus, the son of Conall'', namely, Eochaidh, Anluan, and Ailghenan, advanced, and stood one behind the otlier, dii-ectly opposite Cellach, and between him and Conan; but the vigorous shot of Conau was ahned and directed straight towards them, so that the three fierce northerns were pierced, both bodies and shields, yet the shot of the hard spear of Conan was not diverted from its line of motion by the fall of these three men by its wounds, nor was it stopped imtil the projected blade passed through the narrow lower extremity of the strong warhke shield of the comely hero Cellach, son of Maelcobha, and piercing his feet stuck in the ground. Cellach did not become the more tame on account of the rapid and sudden fall of these three in his presence ; he did not look to the deep wounds of his feet in attacking his enemy ; nor was Conan the calmer in facing Cellach, because that his people had been wounded and killed in the first place. They made two light and rapid springs towards each other, as two fierce, monstrous, blood-thirsty hoimds would advance on, overpower, and endanger theh' watchful keepers from the animosity of their nature, after having broken the thongs that bound them. The battle soon after went beyond interposition or intermeddling, so that their friends or kernes'' were imable to quiet or calm them, or assist or reheve them, such was the impetuosity, fierceness, and dex- terity of these sanguinary bears in pressing the conflict and combat on each other, with the fierce, vigorous, dangerous passes of valour which they made at each other's heads and beautiful defensive hel- mets, so that the bright headpiece of both heroes was like a mangled, blood-stained piece of hnen, from their mutual hacking of swords and spears ■i Kernes were the light-armed ancient VIII., ivritten A. D. 1543, by the Lord Irish soldiers. For a curious description Deputy St. Ledger, see note I at the end of the Irish kernes, in the reign of Henry of this volume. 2 M 2 268 n'pejiaib Gpenn ociip Qlban po óaijin peirme, ocup pojluma, ociip aifjiipi jieiTTie, ocup po-ppepcail, ocup ppea^ajira na iiig-mileD pin np apoile, pe cpucip, ocup pe cpoDacc, ocup pe cobpaoctcc a 5-coTnloinn ; pe cpeipe, ocup pe rpuime, ocup pe rcilcaipecc a o-rpoDae ; pe h-oll ace, ocup pe b-oibni, ocup pe h-arloime na h-im^ona ; pe h-eiitie, ocup pe h-uploiriie, ocup pe li-apncimecc an imbuailce; pe tilup, ocup pe biocpacc, ocup pe t>uaibpme tieabra na Deipi oeg-laec pm ; uaip nip b'airhippec UlaiD ocup allmapctig CO m-bao pompa buó paen, Da mat) é Celiac conciuclaipDi ; pip Gpenn Dno, ba lán-t)eiinin leo-piDein co ni-baD e Conjal Oo cloit)- pme, oa mat) e Conan conciucluipn. ConaD aipe pm, po puipijerap Gpennaig ocup allmccpaij cen imbualat) t)'pobai]ic na o'lmluat) ecoppa, cenniora Gonial Cloen noma; git) eipiDem, nip ba ciunaiDe car-lairpeca Conjail 05 innpaige ui Qmmipec, t)o oigail a bepce, ocu-p a nimiano, cac Do compcup d'o 5-comlannaib, pe compeccliaD an compaic pm. Imchupa na Deipi Deg-laec pm, o rup a D-cpoDa co Dípccup na Deabra, conaD paibe 05 cecrap Dib pin pip in pe pin impopcpctiD po b'lnaipme, na cmDeó comloinn po b'magpa, na po b'lncommaiDrhe Do cac-mileDaib ctp a ceile, cenmora ceD-upcap Chellaig a]^ Conan, ocup in c-inaD m po puipeb ppub-jpinne pleiji Conain Da ceD-upcaip ap Clieollac. Ctcc cena, ni bi Dume cip Doinan jan a poD upncilra aipcennca oibeóa D'upmaipi, jin 50 paibe racct, capctiD, na epbctiDe enjnama aip, Do peip map popglep an c-ujDctp, amail pem-epepc- maip : Upi poDain nac pecancap, "jc. ConaD aipe pin, cac Duine Dana Depb-cinniD a poD upDalrct ctip- cmnci oiDeDa D'upmaipi, cen co paibe raca, rapaiD, na uipeapbaiD engnarha aip, ceagaiD beDj-appbena báip aja buaiDpeD, ocup aga bpar-aimpiugaD, Do peip map ip comapcct cinnci pe cam oepbaD na camgni 269 spears on each other; so that authors rehite that it was worth the while of the men of Erin and Alba to come to observe, and study, and imitate the parryings, guardings, and responses of these royal heroes to each other, such was their hardiness, valour, and firmness in the combat; the strength, weight, and puissance of their fight; the expertness, rapidity, and activity of their fighting; the swiftness, readiness, and severity of theu' blows ; the closeness, diligence, and vehemence of the struggle of the two brave heroes. For the Ulto- nians and foreigners did not doubt, but that they themselves would be triumphant should Cellach be defeated; and the men of Erin were certain that Conical would be defeated if Conan should be conquered. Wherefore the men of Erin and the foreigners desisted from the battle to look on at the combat between them, except Con- gal Claen alone; but he was not the calmer in making his way through the battle-field to attack the grandson of Ainmire, to revenge the loss o/his eye and his indignity upon him, because all the others had ceased from their encounters to look on at the combat. With respect to these two great heroes, from the beginning of the contest to its termination, neither of them had, diuing all that time, a superiority worth mentioning or an advantage worthy of being claimed or boasted of by warriors, except the fii'st shot made by Cellach at Conan, and the injury inflicted by the head of Conan's spear on the place it struck Cellach in the first shot. But as the author testifies, and as we have said before, there is not a man in the world for whom his certain and fixed place of death is not pre- ordained, even though he should have no want of vigoiu', or lack of valoiu' : " Three things cannot be shunned," &c. Wherefore, every one for whom his certain and fixed place of death is predestined, even though he should have no want of vigour or lack of valour, is visited tliere by the startling omens of death which 270 cainjni pn, .^. ctippriena ocup ibna aimpijri Conain ip in compac pn, D'a|i pap, ocup o'ap laoupcap poir-nell popg-Dibeprct pattcnpc cap iniDoippib a imcaipi. Qcbepair apoile gup ba h-mu apD-nairh Gpenn Do bepeO pinn a paoaipc ocup a puipc o Conan, t)0 cobaip Cellaig ip in compac pin. Qcc cena ni h-amlaiD pin puapaoap aujDaip cuma ocup compuioeD on compaic pin 1 lai-gleanoaib leabap, ocup 1 lleiniD ler-geakiib bcepiia lan-comjiDici gaca camgni, ace goji ab lao eipbnni, inni, ocup inaraip Conain ap na cpiarpctD ocup ap na coincollao Do ceD-upcop Cellaig ip in com- pac, ocup caipi, ocup cairh-nella d'c( aimpiugaD ap a lop, D'dp pap, ocup Dap laoapcap popbaipc popcciDe, pipDopca Dap puinneógaib popDoippiDe pctipcpenci na plara. CiD cpacc, Ó po c(ipi5pico]i Celiac ap Conctn a beic co Dall- popcac DipaDaipc, rn DepnaiD pium ace a reaclicaD ocup a cim- cellaD, c( poipcceD, ocup a apm-aiplec po coniup ocup pa comDil- iTiaine a cuipp, gup cuic in cac-nniliD Conan ina lerhib leaDaipci, 5up ob ina laiji laech-mileD po cippaD ocup po colg-Dicennao Conan la Cellach. ConaD é pm aen compac ip pepp mnipir eolaij ap cac TTluigi IRat. Oeichbip on Doib, c(p ip DÓ15 ip Do Dípcup Debra na Depi Dej-laec y^in pucaD Da cpictn a n-epnDmaip ocup a n-enjnuma o aUmapacaib map cir conncciDctp cenD Conain '5a cpciraD ocup a copcap 5a commaiDem oc Celiac, Do peip map popjlep m c-ujDap: t)o cuaiD d' ctllmapcaib a n-gpain a h-airli mapbra Conain, map buD é a n-engnum uile DO cuipcea a copp aen-Duine. Qp ^ Omens and jmngs Many similar anec- believed in fatality or predestination. — dotes are told in different parts of Ireland, See also p. 172, note '^, where there is which tend to show that the ancient Irish another strong allusion to the belief in 271 which disturb and attack him, as was illustrated here by the omens and pangs' which attacked Conan iu this combat, for whom a whirling cloud grew and closed around the inlets of his sight and observation. Others assert that it was the chief saints of Erin that took away his siglit and power of his eyes from Conan, to assist Cellach in this combat. But, however, it was not thus that authors have found^ the form and arrangement of this combat on the poetical pages of books, and in the plain context of the written narrative of each event ; but that it was the bowels and entrails of Conan that were riddled and pierced by Cellach's first shot in the combat, and that in consequence mists and death-clouds came upon him, which closed a dark and gloomy veil over the open inlet windows of that prince's sight. Howbeit, when Cellach observed that Conan was dim-sighted and blind, he did nothing but close upon him and press him by the mighty force of his arms and body, so that the warrior Conan fell down a mangled corse, and as he lay, a conquered champion, he was mutilated and beheaded by Cellach. This was the best combat which the learned mention during the Battle of Magh Rath, and the reason is, that it is certain that it was in consequence of the combat between these two great heroes that the foreigners lost the two-thirds of their bravery and vigour, when they saw the head of Conan shook, and exultingly carried off as a trophy by Cellach, as the author testifies : " From the foreigners departed their valour After the killing of Conan, As if the valour of them all Had been centred in the body of one man." It predestination. passage proves that the writer had several * Not thus tliat authors hace found. — Ni and conflicting accounts ofthis battle, from h-amtaiD pin puapaoap aujoaip. — This which lie drew up the present account. 272 Qp arm pn do yiiacracap Dct coDnac cleaj^-afimaca Do luce peirme y^ceir JI15 UlaD Do caiceorh a g-coirhpeipje jie Celiac, .1. Peajimopc TTliaóac ociip 6iccneac Oijijiallac, ociip riicpac a b-peiDin 1 n-einpeacc, ociip Do paireaDap Da pleaj 50 5-caelaib a 5-cpann 1 Celiac, giiji bo leip inDpmaóa na n-apm cpe eppanaib na n-álao ip in caeB ba paioe o n-a gop-gorhaib. Ppitailip Celine na cneaóa pm, gup pagaib a pleapa 50 j'lectj-foll ociip a cinn 50 cpecc- naiTijri, ociip a ciii]ip corhrpecigra, ociip do pinni copaip cpó Do na cupaDCdb D'ct eip. Ro eipgearop Kqium Diap coDnac cpuc-aloinn eili do cairearh a coirhpeipje pe Celliic, .1. Opcup Qra in eic, ocup TTliipcliaD, mac TTlaenaij, ocup po paireaDap na pleaja Daingni Duaibpiuca inn, jup b'lonpamail cleiri cpe cupcaip peanna na j^eaj rpep an pliop apaill DO Clielluc. Qinp Celluc na cneaba pin D'lmkiiD arlaim, ainigneac, ocup Do pjainnip piocDa apmuc, ainDpeanDa, ocup Do cuip a cinD ip in copaip cara ceDna. lap pin painic Rictgan, pi l?uip Cille, ocup Ouban Ouiblinne, cup in lafoip 1 in-boi Celluc, ocup cangaDctp le Da juin ainitiine cdniapniapraca paip in einpeacr ; po ppeajaip Celluc coniciin a jona Do gcic aen Dib. lap pin painic Cpealrhac na rpoDa ocup Cectpnac Cop-paDa ip in car-lacaip ceDna co Celluc, ocup cugaDap Da guin ceapca, comDaingne ap an car-mileD, ocup Da popgarh ainiapmapraca aji ctn ctippiD, ocup Da cpucdD-béim ' Fermorc, Miadhach, and Etgncch, the count of this Orcliur in any other aiitho- Airgiallian. — peapmopc, miaoac, ocup rity. There are many places in Ireland Gijneach Oipjiallach These are not called ^4rt n« e/f/i, which signifies ybn/ o/" to be found in the Annals or Pedigrees of the horse, but nothing remains to deter- the Clanna Eudhraighe. mine which of them is here referred to. ^ Orehur, of Ath an eich, and Murchadh, ^ Riagan, khig of Ros Cille. — Riagan the. son of Maenach Opcup Clia un Gic, pi TJuip Cille. The Editor has not been ocup mupchao, mac Dlaenui;^. — The able to find this Eiagan in the authentic Editor has not been able to find any ac- Annals, and therefore suspects that he is a 273 It was then tliat two chieftains, dexterous at arms of those who attended on the shiekl of the king of Ulster, came on to expend tlieir anger on Cellach, namely, Fermorc, Miadhach, and Eignecli the Air- giallian'. They made their attack together, and thrust two spears to the narrow parts of their handles into Cellach, so that the joining of the iron to the shafts of the spears was to be seen through the ex- tremities of the wounds in the side farthest from the strikers. Cellach responded to these thrusts, so that he left their sides pierced with his spear, their heads woimded, and their bodies rent, and he after- wards made a gorey heap of carnage of these heroes. After this, two othei' chieftains of beautiful form rose up to ex- pend their rage on Cellach, namel}', Orcur, of Ath an eich", and Miir- chadh, the son of Maenach, and they thrust their firm and terrible spears into him, so that the points of the spears passed through Cellach's other side, like stakes [thorns?] through a bidrush [cupcaip?]. Cellach revenged these wounds by an expert and venomous exchange of wounds, and by a fierce and furious onset, and laid their heads into the same carnage of battle. After thisRiagan, king of Ros Cille", and Dubhan, of Dublin", advanced to the spot Avhcre Cellach was, and inflicted two fierce and terrible blows at him together; and Cellach returned to each the favour of his wound. After this Trelmhach of the Fight'' and Cernach the Longshanked'' advanced to Cellach to the same spot of contention, and made two direct firm blows at the warrior, and two tremendous thrusts at the chieftain, and two hard-levelling strokes at the fictitious character. It should have been Di;bhan of Dublin is also probably a fio- mentioned in a note, which was accidentally titious character, at least no other monu- omitted, on the word " bulrush" above, nient of his existence has been discovered that in all the Irish dictionaries cupcaip but this story. is explained hair, a bulrush ; butit is to be " Trealmhach of the Fight Cpealrimc feared, from the simile above made, that na Cpooa, is not to be found in tlie au- the word had some other meaning. thentic Irish annals. '"Duhlum of Dublin t)uBant)uKlinne, >' Cernach tlie Longslianked Ceapnoch lEISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 N 274 ciniaió-béiTn riiapjaiira t)o'n rpén-pea]i. ppirailip Celiac na cneaóa pin, 50 pop pajrnp na D-carhnaib pgailce pcior-poinnce mo, ocup t)o cui]i a cmou ip in copaip cara cectia. Ranjaoap mprain na peace mailmaigniu ociip Oaipbpi, mac Oopprhaip, pig Ppangc ip in cac-lacaip cecno co Celiac, ocup cucaoap occ n-jona cpici o'a roipneab, ocup occ o-coimbeana ceanna o'a cpaecliab. T?o cpoTniipcap Celiac a cenn, ocup po puaipg Dan on ipgail ppip an anpoplann, ocup po feai'japiTi na laeic o'á luair-beimeanDaib, jop bo bpopna bonba, bioú-ainrheac, gac colj ocup jac cpuaó-ja, ocup gop bo combpuici jac copp, ocup gop bo coiriicioppra gac caeb, ocup nip bo li-iaD na cinú no corhopbaóa cerna pop comluib pop cula Do piDipi, uaip pujupcap Celiac a 5-cinn ap na 5-corhai- perh, ocup a j-copgaip ap na g-corhmaibem laip co h-aipm 1 paibe pij Gpeann, ocup po úaippeanapcap a rpeap gan cuipeal o'ct rpiar, ocup a beagan baegail o'á bparaip, ocup aipipip pein ag Dion ocup 05 Duip-peirerh pceir pig Gpenn ap a li-airli. 5a ip in la pin Do pala Do banncpacc Ulrain Larh-paDa, pij ChaeiUi na g-Cupaó, ppip a n-abapcap Oipreap 'pan am pa, ag De- num pliuccaemna poilcri ocup porpaicri 1 n-Oun Qómainn 1 D-Uip O' m-5peapail, ocup ap amlaiD po boí mac pip an baile ina obloip, ocup ina eippecc, .1. Cuanna, mac Ulcain Lam-paDa, ocup po ba Dalca Do pi5 Cpenn é, .i. do Domnall, mac QeDa, mic Cíinmipec, no 50 D-cugaó airni gup bo b-ommiD e, ocup an ran cujaD, a Dub- paó pip Dul Do rij a acap, ap mp rhiaó lap an pij Dalca oinrhiDe DO Cop-paoa, is not to be found in the au- Probus, in the second book of his Life of then tic annals, and is probably a fictitious St. Patrick, calls this territory Begio Ori- personage. entalium, which is a literal translation of '^SevenMaiImaigkne's.—Y\af(ichzVnaA- its usual Irish name Cpioc na n-Oipreap. maijniu. — The Editor has found no ac- It was so called because it was in the east count of them in any other authority. of the country of Oirghialla. '' Caill nag-Curadh — Now the barony of >> Tir m-Breasail. — This territory is Orior, in the east of the county of Armagh, frequently called also Clann Breasail. It 2/5 the mighty man. Celkch responded to these Avounds, and left them mangled, mutilated trunks, and cast their heads into the former heap of carnage. After this the seven Mailmaighne's^ and Dairbre, the son of Dornmar, king of the Franks, advanced to the same spot of con- tention to fight Cellach, and quickly inflicted eight wounds to pull him down, and eight firm blows to subdue him. Cellach stooped his head, and pressed the fight on the unequal number, and so plied the heroes with his rapid strokes, that their swords and hard darts were a bloody, broken heap, and every one of their bodies was bruised, and every side mangled, and they were not the same heads or repre- sentatives that had come first that returned back again, for Cellach carried off their heads with him after having coimted them, and their trophies after having exulted over them, to where the king of Erin was, and exhibited the fruits of his honourable exploits to his lord, and the inconsiderable injmy he had received to his relative, and he afterwards remained protectmg the king of Erin and attending on his shield. On this day it happened that the women of Ultan the Longhanded, king of Caill na g-Cm-adh^, which is now called Oirthear, were pre- paring a bath for washing and bathing, at Dun Adhmainn, in Tir m-BreasaiP, and the son of the proprietor of the place, namely, Cuanna, son of Ultan Lamhfhada, was an idiot and an orphan. He had been as a foster-child with the king of Erin, Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, until it was discovered that he was an idiot ; but when this was observed, he was told to go home to his father's house, is shown on an old map of Ulster, pre- Iveagli, and on the north-east and east by served in the State Paper Office, as situated the territory of Killulta, now included in the north-east of the county of Armagh, in the county of Down. In the reign and bounded on the north by Loiigh of Queen Elizabeth, Turlogh Brassilogh Neagh, on the west by the Upper Bann, O'Neill was chief of this territory. on the south by Magennis's country of 2 N 2 276 DO beir aige. Q t)ubai]ic imoppo a Ieap-marai]i ]ie Cimnna Diil rap cectnn ciiaile connaib Do ciim an poilciD an la ym. Oo chuaiD m|ium Cuanna po'n j-coill, ocup cue leip cual do rhaepcán, ocup Do cpionpluic, ocup DO bapp beire, puaip a laracliaib ocup in oc- pachaib, ocup Do cuip popr "" ceinneD an chuail, ocup gep b'olc an ceinneó |ioirhe, ]io bao meapa laporn. Olc an cupcupra an cual ruccaip leac, a Chuctnna, pop na mna, ocup ap cubctib cop- rhail ppic pern; ocup a cpuaij ! ap pmD, ni cu an mac panjup a leap ann po aniu, ace mac Do cumjenaD le a araip ocup le a oiDe ip in lo baja pet, uaip acá Congal co n-a Ullcaib ocup 50 n-a allmu- pacaib d'ó ma]ibaD ocup D'á mubuoao pe pe lairi, ocup Do c'acaip-pi pamic cacugciD an laoi ané, ocup ni peaDamaip-ni an repna app no nac Dcepno. Po piappaiD Cuanna cia Do bepaD eolup Dam-pa co TTlaj r?ar? Qp beg an meipneac Duir-piu eolup Do bpeir ann, ap piaD, .1. Dul CO h-lobap Cmn Coice, riiic Neaccain, ppip a pairep lobap cinn cpaja an can pa, ocup po geba plicc paióbip na poch- cdbe ann, ocup lean 50 ITlaj l?ac e. Painic Cuana pioime ma peim po-peaca ap pliocc paiDbip na ploj, CO painicc TTlaj Tiac, ocup ac conaipc na caca comrhopa ceccapDa ag coimeipje 1 5-ceann a ceile. Q m-bacap pip Gpenn onn ar concaDup an c-oen Duine D'á n-ionnpoije i[' in maj a n-iap- Deap gaca n-Dipeac, ocuj" po puipiDpec ppip gup aicnijecap e. Cuanna obloip, ol peap Dib, Cuanna oinmiD ann, ap an Dapa pep. Ml po beg D'abbop puipib ann, ap an cpep peap. ^ep]! beg cpac, painicc Cuanna 50 h-aipm a poibe pig Gpeann. Peapaip an pig pailce ppip. TTlair, a anam, a Chuanna, ap pe, ciD ima cangaip cugainn aniu ? Do congnam leac-pa, a aipD-pi, bap Cuanna, ocup Do "= lobhar Chirm Tragha. — Jobup Chinn west of the county of Down, and is well Cpága. — Tliis is tlie present Irish name of known in every part of Ireland where the the town of Newry, situated in the south- Irish language is spoken. It is understood 277 house, for the king did not think it becoming to have an idiot as a foster-son. His step-mother told Cuanna on this day to go for a bundle of fire-wood for the bath. Cuanna went to the wood and brouo-ht with him a bundle of green twigs, and of dried sticks, and the top branches of birch which he found in puddles and ordures, and put them on the fire ; and though the fijre had been bad before, it was worse after this. " The fire-wood thou hast brought with thee is a bad present, O Cuanna," said the women, " and it is becoming and like thyself; and alas !" said they, " thou art not the kind of a son we stand in need of having here to-day, but a son who would assist his father and his fosterer, on this day of battle ; for Congal, with his Ultoniaus and foreigners, has been killing and overwhelm- ing them these six days ; and it Avas thy father's tiu'n to fight yes- terday, and we know not whether he has or has not survived." Cuanna asked, " Who will show me the way to Magh Eath ?" " It requires but Uttle coiu'age in thee to find out the way thither," said they ; " go to lobhar Chinn Choiche mhic Neachtain, which is now called lobhar Chinn Trarfia", where thou shalt find the abimdant track of the hosts, and follow it to Magh Rath." Cuanna came forward in rapid coiu'se, on the strong track of the hosts, till he arrived at Magh Eath, where he saw the great forces of both parties attacking each other. As the men of Erin were there they saw one lone man in the plain approaching them exactly from the south-west, and they ceased till they recognized him. " He is Cuanna, the idiot," said one of them ; " he is Cuanna, the fool," said a second man ; " it was no small cause of waiting," said a third man. In a short time Cuanna came on to where the king of Erin was. The king bade him welcome. " Good, my dear Cuanna," said he ; to mean th.ei/ex' at the head of the strand Choiche, is used in the Annals of the Four The more ancient name, lobhar Chinn Masters, at the year 1236. 278 oo cpapjaipc ap Conjal, ciD comalra Darn e. Qp coip t)uir-fi C16 a b'peapcafa, bap pig Gpeann, 00 cuiD Do'n car ya t>o cpuab- ugao ma a jam, iiaip Do niapb Conjal c'araip ap carujaó an laei ané. l?o h-imDepgaó im Cliuanna aj a cloipcecc pin, ociip a peao po paiD, rabaip apin DaiTi, a aipD-pi, ocup bjiiarap Darn 50 n-DinjebaD peap comloinn ceD D'á b-puil 1 c'agaiD aniu. Uucpar cac gáip rhop panartiaicc op apD ag cloipcecc Cliuana. Ctrbepc Ciianna pinii, do beipim pám' bpeicep, ap pe, Da D-ceajrhaDaip aipm no il-paebaip iiplarha ajoin, 50 n-Digeolainn ap Dpeim eigin ajaib pctnarhaD Do Deaniiiii piini. Qcc icip, ap Oomnall, na C115 DO c'uiD no Do c'aipe laD, ocup aj po an Dapa gai ceilccn puil ajam-pa Diiic, ocup 'p í an cpeap pleaj ap peapp aca 1 n-Gipinn 1, .1. an c-pleaj a ca 'na pappaD, ocup an 50 ^eapp Congail, oip ni cabaprup upcop n-iinpaill Do ceccap Dib. ^abap an oinrhiD an c-pleaj, ocup cpaicip 1 1 b-pioDnciipi ccn pig, ocup acbepc co n-Ding- naó ecc bub maic leip c(n pig 61. lonnpoig 50 h-aipm a b-puil TTlaelDuin, mac QeDa beannan, mac pig Deig-peiceamanca Oeap- mumaii, ag c( b-puilic a aipm pein ocup aipm a bpacap po mapbab le Congal ap cacugab na CeDoi'ne po do cliuaib ropamn, uaip ap corhbalca Duic pein é, ocup Do bépa puilleb aipm Duic ap mo gpab-pa, ocup ctp mipcaip Congail. Qp ann pin painic Cuanna poirhe CO li-aipm i paibe TTlaelDuin, mac Qeba beannan, ocup cug puilleb aipm Do 1 cécóip. Ro eipig an laec laiDip, laimrenac luar-gonac, ocup an beicip beoba, bpaic-béimniucli, .1. Congal Claen, go D-capla cuige Ceann- paelab, mac Oilellcie, ocup cug beim cuimpib cpuaib-leDapcac cloibiTTi "* Maelduin, Ihe son of Aedh Bennain. — paelao mac Oilellae He is well known TTlaelDuin, mac Qeoa 6eannáin See to the lovers of Irish literature as the note ", pp. 22, 23. author of Uraicept na n-Eiges, or Primer ' Cennfaeladk, the son of Oilcll. — Cenn- of the Bards, and as the commentator on 279 lie; "wherefore hast thou come to us to-day?" "To assist thee, monarch," said Cuanna, " and to lay Congal prostrate, though he is my foster-brother." " It behoves thee," said the monarch of Erin, " though thou knowest it not, to press thy share of this battle against Congal, for he slew thy father in yesterday's battle." Cuanna grew red as he heard this, and said, " Give me weapons, monarch, and I pledge my word that I will repel any fighter of a hundred men, who is against thee this day." All gave a great shout of derision aloud on hearing Cuanna. Cuanna said to them, " I swear by my word," said he, " that if I had arms or edged weapons at hand, I would revenge on some of you your having mocked me." " Not so," said Domhnall; " take no heed or notice of them ; and here is for thee the second missile javelin which I have to spare, and it is the third best spear in Erin, the other two being the spear which is along with it, and the javelin called Gearr Congail, for an erring shot cannot be given with either of them." The idiot took the lance and brandished it in the presence of the king, and said that he would achieve with it a deed which would be pleasing to the king. " Go," said the king, "to the place in which is Maelduin, the son of Aedh Bennain", the son of the good-protecting king of Desmond, for he has his own weapons and those of his brother, who was slain in last Wednesday's battle, and he is a foster-brother to thyself, and he "will give thee more weapons for love of me and hatred of Congal." Then Cuanna went forward to the place where Maelduin, the son of Aedh Bennain, was, who gave him more weapons at once. Now the robust, sanguine, rapid-wounding hero, and the lively, siu-e- striking bear, Congal Claen, went forth, and was met by Cennfaeladh, the son of OilelP, to whom he gave a mighty, hard-smiting stroke of his certain laws, said to have been originally in the third century. His death is record- written by the monarch Cormac Mac Art, ed in the Annals of Tighernach at the 28o cloióim no, guji bjiip an carbaiiji, gup ceapg an ceann po a coriiaip CO n-uppamn Do'n mocinn ma poipleanmuin; ace ceana Oo ruicpeab Ceannpaelan year 679. Copies of his Uraicept are pre- served in various Irish MSS. of authority, as in the Leahhar Buidke Leacain, in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin (H. 2. 1 6.) and an ancient copy of his Commentary on King Cormac's Laws is preserved in a vellum M!S. m the Library of the Duke of Buckingham, at Stowe, of which Dr. O'Conor gives a minute account in his Ca- talogue. But it is to be regretted that Dr. O'Conor, whohad no vernacular knowledge of the Irish language, has entirely mistaken the meaning of an interesting passage re- lating to the poet Ceunfaeladli, occurring in that valuable MS. It appears to have been taken from an ancient version of the Battle of Magh Bath, for it mentions in nearly the very words of this text, how Cennfaeladh lost a portion of his brain in the battle, the consequence of which was that his intellect became more acute, and his memory more retentive. But Dr. O'Conor, not conceiving that there was any thing wonderful in the matter, translates the word mTicinn, which means brain, i. e. tlie matter of the brain, by the word unskil- fulness (by a figure of speech which looks very unnatural) ; and the word oepmaic, which is still used in every part of Ireland to úgmíj forgetfulness, he metamorphoses into Dermot, a man's name, thus changhig one of the three wonderful events wliich the bards constantly recorded as having happened at the Battle oiMagli Rath, into an occurrence about which there seems nothing remarkable. I shall here quote the entire passage, as far as it relates to Cennfaeladh, as it is de- cyphered and. translated by Dr. O'Conor. "60CC Don Imbliappa tDaipe i,ubpan ocup aimpep do aimpep t)omnaiU ttic. Cleoa mc. Qmmipeach ocup pep|xi do Cenopaela mc. Qill. Ocup cac. a oen- ma a hmcino do bein a cenn chinopaela 1 k. IDaige Rach. "Ceopa buaoha in k. a pin .1. mcnmo ap Conned m a jae pia n Domnall m a phipinoe ocup Suibne jeilc do duI pe gelcachc ocup a incinn oepmaic do bein a cinD CiMDpaela 1 k. ITIaige T?ach. " Ip e m p apnao buaioh maimD ctp Conjal m a jae pe n-C)omnull ma pi- pinoe, uaip buaroh moimoap munpipen piap an pipen. " Ip e in p. ap nabuaioh Suibne ^eilc DO Dul pe gelcachc .1. ap ap pacaibh do laiohibh ocup do pjelcnb aj appici each o pin ille. "Ip e an p. apnaobuaiDh a incmn oepmaic do bein a cino cinopaela, uaip ip ann do pighneo a leigap 1 cuaim ope- cain 1 compac na rpi ppaiclieD ic. cijh- ibh na cpi puao .1. pen penechaip ocup pai pilechca ocup pai leijinD ocup do- neoch po chcuioaip na cpi pcola ccmlai 28l his sword, so tliat he broke the hehnet and cut the head under it, so that a portion of the brain flowed out, and Cennfaeladh would have fallen [cac lai] po bioli aicepium cpict jeipe a iiiDcleccci cannaioliclie ^recte each n- aiohche] ocup ineoch bci hincaippenca lep oe pob. eo jlunpnaiclie piii ocup po pcpibhcha cnce i cailc liubaip. " No cumao hi in ceachpamcioh buuiD .1. pep opepaib Gp. ocup pep opepaib alban do duI caipip poip janUnnj, jan euchaip .1. DuBoiaoh mac Damain ocup pep DO jaioelaib." Translated by Dr. O'Conor thus : " The place of this book (i. e. where it was written) was Daire Lubran (i. e. the oak grove of Lubrau), and its time was when Donnald, the son of Aod, son of Ain- mire, was king of Ireland ; and the per- son (i. e. the writer), was Cennfaelad, the son of Ailill ; and the occasion of composing it was because Dermofs ignorance yielded to Cennfaelad's skUl at the battle of Mo- raith. "Three \'ictories were gained there. Congal the Crooked was defeated in his falsehood by Domnald in his truth ;* and Subne, the Mad, ran mad on that occa- sion ; and the unskilfulness of Dermot yielded to the skill of Cennfaelad. The cause of the victory of Donnald over Con- gal, in truth, was this, that falsehood must always be conquered by truth. The cause of the victory gained by Subne the Mad's turning mad, was, that he lost some poems and narratives, of which others availed themselves after. The cause of the vic- tory of Dermot's unskilfulness yielding to Cennfaelad's skill, was that he (Cennfae- lad) was educated at Tuam-Drecan, at tlie meeting of the three roads, between the houses of three learned men — that is, a man skilled in genealogies, and a man skilled in poetry, and a man skilled in difficult reading ; and whatever these three schools taught in the day, he, by the acuteness of his intellect, pondered over each night, and whatever was most diffi- cult, he unknotted, and wrote down in his book of hard questions. We must not omit a fourth victory gained at that time, that is, that a man of Ireland, and another man of Albany passed over to the east without a ship of burthen, without a ship of war — namely, Dubdiad, the son of Da- man, and another of the Gael." — Stowe Catalogue., vol. i. p. 285, sq. This passage is not only incorrectly de- cyphered from the MS., but also still more incorrectly translated. The ibllowing is the true version, as the Irish scholar will * He observes in a note, that " This seems to have been a religious war between the Christina king Donnald, and the Pagan Congal," an observation which is sufficient to show tliat Dr. O'Conor never read, or at least never understood, the Battle of Magh Katli. IRISH AKCU. SOC. 6. 2 O 282 Ceannpaelaó le Gonial 'pa n-ionaó pin, rnina ainceb Cpunnrhael, TTiac Suibne, ocup TTlaelooap TTlaca é, ocup ap nci anacul Doib po loiiiicticearap e co Senacli, 50 Corhapba pctcpaic, ocup po lompaiD- earap pein Do congbail a j-cooa Oo'n car. Ocup po iobnaic Senac Ceannpaelab lap pin 50 bpicin Uuama Dpeaccan, ocup Do bi aicce 50 ceann m-bliabna cjga lei^eap; ocu]' Do pil a incinncuil ap pip an pe pin, co nac bi ni Da 5-cluineab jan a beir Do jlain- Tneabpae at once perceive : " The place of this book is Daire Lubran [now Derryloran, in Tyrone], and its time is the time of Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, and its person [i. e. author] icas Cennfaeladh, the son of Ailill, and the cause of its composition was, because his brain of forgetfubiess \j//e cerebeUuni] was taken out of the head of Cennfaeladli, in the Battle of Magh Kath. " Three were the victories of that bat- tle, viz., I. the defeat of Congal Claen [the wry-eyed] in his falsehood, by Domhnall in his truth. 2. Suibhne Geilt's going mad ; and, 3. his brain of forgetfulness being taken from the head of Cennfaeladh. " The cause of the defeat of Congal in his falsehood by Domhuall in his truth, is, that the unjust man is always defeated by the just. " The reason why Suibhne Geilt's going mad is called a victory is, from the num- ber of poems and stories he left to the amusement of all ever since. " The reason that the taking of his brain of forgetfulness out of the head of Cennfaeladh is accounted a victory is, be- cause he was afterwards cured at Tuaim Drecain [Tomregan], at the meeting of three roads between the houses of three learned men, viz., a professor of the Fene- chas law, a professor of poetry, and a pro- fessor of literature, and whatever the three schools repeated each day he retained through the acuteness of his intellect each night, and whatever part of it he deemed necessary to be elucidated he glossed, and wrote down in a Cailc [ ?] Leabhar. " Or that there was a fourth victory, that is, a man of the men of Erin and a man of the men of Alba passed eastward [i. e. to Alba] without a ship or vessel, namely, Dubhdiadh, the son of Daman, and one of the Gaels." The task of thus pointing out the errors of Dr. O'Conor is very painful, but the Editor feels it his duty always to notice whatever tends to corrupt or falsify the sources of Irish history. That Cennfaeladh's intellect was im- proved by losing a portion of his cerebel- lum in this battle is very difficult to be- lieve on the authority of this story ; but the advocates of the modern science of phre- 283 fallen by Congal on the spot, had he not been protected by Ci'unn- raael, the son of Sviibhne, and Maelodhar Macha; and after protecting him they conveyed him to Senach, Comharba, [i. e. jiuccessor] of St. Patrick^ and retiu'ned to maintain their part of the battle. After this Senach conducted Cennilieladh to Bricin of Tuaim Dreagan^ with whom he remained for a year under cure, and in the course of this time his back brain had flowed out, ivhich so much iinpnwed his memory that there was nothing Avhieh he heard repeated, that he had nolofry have recorded several instances in which similar changes of character have been produced by injuries inflicted on the head. On this subject hear Dr. Coombe : "A very striking argument in favour of the doctrine that the brain is the organ of the mind, is found in the numerous cases in which changes of character have been pro- duced by injuries inflicted on the head. In this way the action of the brain is sometimes so much altered that high ta- lents are subsequently displayed where mediocrity, or even extreme duluess ex- isted before Father MabUlon had a very limited capacity in early youth, in- somuch that at the age of eighteen he could neither read nor write, and hardly even speak. In consequence of a fall it became necessary to trepan his skull : du- ring his convalescence a copy of Euclid fell into his hands, and he made rapid progress in the study of mathematics." Dr. Gall mentions also the case of a lad, who, up to his thirteenth year, was incor- rigibly dull ; having fallen from a stair- case and wounded his head, he afterwards, 2 when cured, pursued his studies with dis- tinguished success. Another young man, when at the age of fourteen or fifteen, was equally unpromising, but fell I'rom a stair in Copenhagen, hurting his head, and sub- sequently manifested great vigour of the intellectual faculties. Gretry tells of him- self, in his Memoirs, that he was indebted for his musical genius to a violent blow inflicted on his head by a falling beam of wood. " In one of the sons of the late Dr. Priestley" (says Dr. Caldwell) " a fracture of the skull, produced by a fall from a two-story window, improved not a little the character of his intellect. For a know- ledge of this fact I am indebted to the Doctor himself" f Senach, Comharba of St. Patrick — He died in the year 6 lo, and the introduction of him here is an evident anachronism. s Bricin Tuama Drcagan, — now Tom- regan, near the village of Ballyconnell, and on the frontiers of the counties of Cavan and Fermanagh See Note in the Feilire Aengus, at the 5th of September, in the Leabhar Breac. O 2 284 líieabpae aije ; 0015 am an c-aiceapc Do nió bpicin Do rpi pcolaib Do bio6 fm Do jlain-rheabpa aije-pium, 5U11 bo peap rpi pcol lapom Ceannpaelaó, mac Oiliolla, jiip ab é Do acniiaDaiD Upaiceapc na it-6iccei\ 1 n-Ooipe Liiiiain lepccain. Imchupa Congail, ]io cjiomuproip 'mon 5-cac 1 5-cpioplac a fceir uijiDeipcc, imel-cpuaiD, gup cpapccoip cpeona 'na D-ropac, ociip gop muóaió miliD 'na meáóon, ocup gop copgaip cupaió 'na 5-cpiopIoc a pceir, jiip bo cumac cnam, ociip ceanii, ociip colann, gac leip5 ocup gac lacaip inap luaióepraip; co D-capla cuije an peap bopb, baer, écceillióe, Cuanna, mac Ulcain Lóm-paDa, mac pig Caeilli na 5-cupaó, ppip a n-abapcap Oipreap an can pa. páilnjip Conjal pe paicpin a C015I1 ocup a corhalca, ocup acbepr, ap Dícpa an Dibepg, ocup ap laecDa an leip-feajap po Depa baoic ocnp bmpb Do comluaD cara uni a jaiD-pi a n-alu na li-uaipe pi. Ni pemm plara na pip-laic Duic-pi arh,bap Cuanna, aipcc peiceam- naip Do rabaipc ap mac Deij-pip no Deaj-laic Da D-cicpaó Do ca- baipc a lai bája le a biinaó ceineoil a n-imapjail apD-caca. Na peapjaijceap ru, icip, a Chuanna, bap Congal, uaip po peacappa nac Do gnim gaipgeó, ná D'imluab ecca na eangnaitia cangaip co Tílaj Pac Do'n puarap pa. Ni h-innpcin aipD-pig Duic-pi pin Do paDa, bap Cuanna, ció im nac D-nobpainn-pi nn'peiDm cara lem aicme ocup lem áipD-pij. Qcrcena, a^ upa lim-pa aipg D'pulang na gan cungnom le mo caipDib ip in lo bája pa aniu. Ctp ann pin cainic Gonial peac an ommiD. Do DpuiD Cuanna a bonn pe caca ocup pe ciuj na caiman, ocup Do cuip a mép 1 puaineam na y^eiji plinn-leicni, ocup cuj upcop DÓna, Duaibpeac, Deaj-calma, ajmap, aijmeil, ujibabac D'innpaijiD Congail, co n-Deachai6 peac uillinn ^ Doire Lm-ain, — now Derryloran, near Doire Lurain, which signifies tlie " oak Cookstown, in the barony of Dungannon, grove of Luran" (a man's name), is tlie in tlie north of the county of Tyrone, name of an old cliurch and towidand, and 285 had not distinctly by heart, and the instruction which Bricin luid dehvered to his three schools he [Cennfaeladh] had treasured up in his clear memory; so that Cennfaeladh, the son of Oilell, afterwards became a man [i. e. a teacher'] of three schools, and it was he that afterwards renewed Uraicept na n-Eges, at Doire Liu'ain''. With respect to Congal, he turned to the battle with his famous hard-bordered shield, and prostrated mighty men in the front, o\er- whelmed soldiers in the middle, and triiunphed over heroes on the borders, so that every spot and place to which he passed was a broken heap of bones, heads, and bodies ; until the fui'ious stohd simpleton Cuanna, the son of Ultan, the Longhanded, i. e. the son of the king of Caell na g-Ciu-adh, now called Oirthear, met him. Congal, on seeing his companion and foster-brother, bade him welcome, and said, " Terrible is the mahce, and heroic is the muster when fools and madmen are at this moment of time waging battle against me." " It is not the act of a prince or a true hero in thee, indeed," said Cuanna, to "cast reflections on the son of any good man or good hero, who should come to give his day of battle to assist his relatives in the struggle of a great battle." " Be not enraged, Cuanna," said Congal, " for I know that it was not for martial achievements, or to perform feats of arms or valoiu' thou hast come to Magh Rath on this expedition." " It is not the saying of an arch-king for thee to say so," said Cuanna ; " why should I not lend my aid in battle to my tribe and my monarch ? But, however, I can more easily bear a reproach than forbear giving assistance to my friends on this day of battle." Then Congal passed by the idiot. But Cuanna pressed his foot against the support and the solidity of the earth, and putting his finger on the cord of his broad-headed spear, he made a bold, fiuious, brave, successful, terrible, destructive shot at Congal, and it passed beyond also of a parisli which is partly iu the rony of Lougliinsholin, in the county oi' county of Tyrone, and partly iu the ba- Londonderry. 286 uillinn an pceir corhnioip caia, ^up roll an larh-gai an luipeac, co n-oeachoiD ip in apainn, gup bo cpeagDoijri na h-inne uile, co paibe poppac pip Oa poijpen cpe óamgen na luipiji ocup rpe conipap ocup cpe coirhreann a cuipp Do'n leac apaill. Decaip Gonial raipip ocup cue o'a ui6 gnp b'e an onirhiD po juin e, ocuppo bai ap cumup Do-] orii an oinrhiD Do rhapbao inD, ace nap miab laip piiil omrhme o'paicpm ap a apmaib, ocup do lei 5 a laec-apin ap lap, ocup rug cepeD ocup cpen-rappanj ap an I'leij ma f piremg gen gup peoaprap ; ocup CU5 an Dapa peace, ocup nocap peD ; cue an rpeap peace a abac ocup a lonarap amac irip a cneap ocup a ceangal caca, ocup caicrhi^ip Congal a bap eoitibamsean cctra ocup cue Damgean an cpeapa D'uppglaiji an alab cap Dibepj 5a- bamna gona, ocup cogbain a apni Do lap, ocup geibeab aj ajollorh na li-omrhiDi, ocup a pe po paib ppip: Duppon leam, a Cbuanna, bap Gonial, nac r)iiar cpén-coittipeac, no cliar beapnct ceD caplaicc an c-upcop pm Dom' nmbibe ; poecleam pop nac e an cumgiD calma, cac-linmap Geallac, mac Ulailcoba, rhaibip nio copp Do ceD jum ; olc leam pop nac é an cuaille cac-lmmap Gpunnrhael, mac Suibne, oip blij^eap m'popDeapjaD, uaip po oprap a acaip ap apktc aipD-pi Gpenn, con aipe pin nac Dlij peicearh pioc pe palab. Ceig ap ale, a Cliongail, bap Guanna, ap cictn aca an pean-pocal, 1 5-ceann gac baic a baejal. Ni li-mann pm am, a Gliuanna, bop Gonial, ocup jniomapfa obloip ailjjearaij, jctn aijneaD n-Damgean, ocup gan aD- bop rom' ceapbab. TTug Gonial d'ci uid lapcain ocup D'a aipe nap bo pig Ulab na Gipenn é o li-airle na Ivaenjona, cug an omrhiD paip ; ocup po jabupcap ag á bíjcdl pein co cpoóa, corhbana, coimceann ap peapaib Gpenn, 05 poDbaba jacct pini, ocup 0(5 uachobab gaca h-aicmeab, ' Onnnmilne}, ihe fort of Sitil/ine. — was slain by Congal. CpuniT.ael, tncic Suibne.. — i. e. the son of i 0/d is tJie p-overb. — The Irish writers Suihhne Meann, who was monarch of Ire- are so fond of putting jiroverbs into the land from the }ear 615 to 628, when he mouths of their characters that they scru- 287 beyond the angle of his great shield, so that the hand-spear pierced the armour of Congal and entered his abdomen and pierced all the viscera, so that as much as would kill a man of its blade was to be seen at the other side of his body and of the armour which defended it! Consial looked on one side, and observed that it was the idiot that wounded him; and it was in his power to slay him on the spot, but he did not like to see the blood of an idiot on his arms ; he laid his he- roic weapons on the ground, and made a drag and a mighty pidl to draw back the spear, but he failed; he made a second etíbrt, and failed ; but in the third effort he dragged out his viscera and bowels between his skin and his warlike attire ; and he extended his strong warlike hand and drew his belt to close the wound, and took up his arms oil' the ground, and proceeded to address the idiot, and said to him, " Wo is me, O Cuanna," said Congal, " that it was not a mighty puissant lord, or a hundred-killing champion that sent that shot to destroy me. It grieves me, moreover, that it was not the mighty, many-battled, popidous champion, Cellach, the son of Macl- cobha, that has to boast of having first wounded my body. I lament that it was not the pillar, numerously attended in battle, Crunnmhael, the son of Suibhne', that chanced to wound me, for I slew his father at the instigation of the monarch of Erin, so that a debtor might not owe the death of enmity." "Desist, O Congal," said Cuanna, "old is the proverb^ that ' his own danger hangs over the head of every rash man.' " " That is not the same, O Cvianna," said Congal, " as tJiat I should fall by the deeds of an imbecile idiot without a firm mind, and without a cause for destroying me." After this Congal recognized that he was neither king of Ulster nor Erin after this one wound, which tlie idiot had inflicted upon him ; and he proceeded to revenge him- self bravely, boldly, and impetuously on the men of Erin, by slaugh- tering pie not, as in tlie present instance, to make opponent, but tliis is probably from want a Ibol wield them in arjiumeut aa:ainst an ol" skill in the writer. 288 l)-aiciTiea6, ocup aj Oiorujaó jacct oeij-ceineoil; Doi^ am po ha ciompugaD panncac a]i i^drhpiacliaib an piubal pin, ocup po ba bualab mojaib ap riiin-Déapaib, ocup po ba pgaíleaó peapcon pip aingib ap cpebaib Dapaccaca, Oian-luaimneaca, ociip po ba capca- pal niapa muipni^, moip-jeapanai j ap cjiuaD-jaeuhaib calaD, an cocapoa ceann, cinneapnac rue Conjal ap na caraib ; 50 náji pág- baó liop jan luar-jiil, na apt) gan ecai'ne, na inaigean gan iTioip- eapbaiD, Do na ceirpib coigeaoaib baoop ina ajaib an uaip pin, 00 na li-c'tpaib ocup 00 na h-ainiccnib cucnpcaip poppae; tioig ap eaó po ac pocaip leip úo coriiaipeam pig, ocup puipeac, ocup coipeac, cenmora arhaip, ocup anpaib, ocupoglaic liuin, ocup laic leaoapra, ocup buipb, ocup baoir, ocup buileaoaij: ceD Qe6, ceo Qeban, ceo lollann, ceD Oorhnall, ceD Qengup, ceD Oonncliaó, caega bpian, caega Cian, caega Concobap, rpioca Cope, rpioca piann, rpioca piairep; ^ Against the stroiiij streams from the The name Aedh, which is translated ig- land. — Qp cpuciD-jaecaib calaó. — The nis by Colgan, has been Latinized Aidus, word j;aoc or Ji-ier, which is not explained Hugo, and Odo, and is now always An- in any Irish Dictionary, signifies a shal- glieised Hugh. low stream into which the tide flows, and ^^0716 hundred Aedhans Ceo Qeóan. which is fordable at low water. It fre- — This name, which is a diminutive of the quently enters into topographical names, preceding, has been Latinized AidanM, as^aorSaile, in Erris, ^aor Ruip, near but it is now nearly obsolete as the Chris- Killalla, and ^aoétJóip and ^aor 6eapa, tian name of a man, and it does not enter in the west of the county of Donegal. into any surname, as far as the Editor ' One hundred Aedhs Ceo Qeo — This knows. enumeration of the persons slain by Con- ^ One hundred Illanns Ceo lollann gal, after having received a mortal wound This name is now obsolete, though for- himselfmustberegarded as pure romance; merly very common. but it is curious as giving us an idea of the " One hundred Domhncdls Ceo tDorh- names which were most commonly used nail The name Domhnal has been Latin- in Ireland in the time of the writer. Of ized Domnaldus, Donaldus, and Danielis, these names some are still in use as Chris- and Anglicised Donell, Donnell, Donald, tian names of men, many are preserved in and Daniel, and it is almost unnecessary surnames, but several are entirely obsolete, to state, that it is still very common in 289 teriiig every tribe, thinning every sept, and ovei'wlielming every noble family; and indeed the onslaught made by Congal and his atten- dants on the battalions on this occasion, was like the greedy gathering of summer ravens, or the threshing made by a laboui'er on small ears of corn, or the letting loose of a truly furious hound among wild and swift herds, or hke the pressing of the loud-moaning boisterous sea atjainst the strong streams'' from the land, so that there was not a house left without weeping, or a hill Avithout moaning, or a plain without great loss, throughout the four provinces which were against him at that time, in consequence of the slaughter and destruction which he brought upon them; for, besides soldiers and heroes, youths, warriors, clowns, fools, and madmen, he slew the following num- ber of kings, princes, and chieftains : one hundred Aedhs', one hun- dred Aedhans™, one hundred lUanns", one hundred Domlmalls", one hundred Aengus's'', one hundred Donnchadhs'' ; fifty Brians'', fifty Cians", fifty Conchobhars' ; thirty Cores", thirty Flanns", thirty Flai- thes's ; Ireland as the proper name of a man, the O'Haras and a few other families, but always anglicised Daniel. always Anglicised Kean, which is not very P Aengus's. — Qenjup This is also incorrect. still in use, but generally under the La- ' Conchobhars Concobap, is still in tinized guise of jEneas. It was Anglicised use, but under the Anglicised form Conor, Angus in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. or the Latinized form Cornelius. In the ■I Donnchadhs 'Donne haó, — has been old English records it is sometimes An- Latinized Donatus, and Dionysius, and glicised Cnogher and Conogher. The late Anglicised Donogh, Donat, and Denis, in Mr. Banim, in his celebrated novel, writes which last form it is still in common it Crohoor, which nearly represents the use in every part of Ireland, that is, the corrupt manner in which it is pronounced person who is called tDonnchao in Irish in the county of Kilkenny, is now always called Denis in English. " Cores — Cope, is now entirely obsolete ^Brians. — 6pian This is the same as as the Christian-name of a man, but its the Brienne of the Normans ; it is still in genitive form is preserved in the family use in every part of Ireland, but generally name Quirk, formerly O'Quirk. Anglicised Bernard and Barney. " Flanns piunn, is obsolete as a Chris- ^Cians Cian, is still in use among tian name, except among very few I'amilies, IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 P 290 pimrep; oeic Neill, oeic n-Qmlaib, oeic n-Qinriipjin ; nai m-byiea- pail, ncti TTluipjip, ncn TTliii]ieanai5; occ n-Gojam, occ Conaill, occCobraij; peace Reochaio, peace RiDeapj, peace Rionaij; pe 6peapail, ]^e 5aet)ain, pe blarmic ; cnij n-Duib, CU15 Oemain, C1115 Oictjimaca; ceirpe Scalaio, ceirpe Sopaió, ceirpe Seacnapoij; rpi Copcain, cjii Lii5ai6, rpi Laegaipe ; Da Gajic, Da paelan, Da pionnchaó; but its genitive form is preserved in the family name Flynn, formerly O'Flyun, in Irish letters O'piomn. " Flaithes's plaicep, is now obsolete as a Christian name, and it does not enter into any surname as far as the editor knows. ^ NiaUs Niall.— This name is Latin- ized Nigellus by St. Bernard, in the Life of St. Malachy ; it is still in common use as the Christian name of a man, and An- glicised Neale. " Amhlaibhs QriilaiB. — This name, which is written, according to the modern orthography, QriilaoiK, was never in use among the Irish until about the close of the eighth century, when they adopted it from the Danes, with whom they then began to form intermarriages. It occurs for the first time in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the year 85 1 , and its in- troduction here as a man's name common in Ireland proves that this account of the Battle of Magh Eath was written after the settlement of the Danes in Ireland. The only name like it which the ancient Lrish had among them is Qrhaljaió, but they are certainly not identical, though proba- bly of cognate origin. Botli are now An- glicised Awley in the surname Mac Awley. ^ Ainiert/ins. — Qmipjin, now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but re- tained in the surname Mergin, corruptly Bergin, formerly O'Amergin. y Breasah 6peapal, was very com- mon as the name of a man in the last cen- tury, but it is now nearly obsolete ; it is Anglicised Brassel, and sometimes Brazil and latterly Basil among the O'Maddens. ^ Muirgis's. — -TTluipjip This namewas very common among the ancient Irish be- fore the Anglo-Norman invasion; but the present name Maurice seems to have been borrowed frora the English, though evi- dently cognate with ÍTIuip^ip. It is still undoubtedly preserved in the family name Morissy, which is Anglicised from its ge- nitive form in OTIIuipjeapa. ^ Muireadhachs. — TTluipeaDach, i. e. the mariner, now obsolete as the Chris- tian name of a man, but its genitive form is preserved in the family name Murray, formerly OTDuipeaoctij. It is Latinized Muredachus by Colgau and others. '' Eoghans Gojan, which is explained in Cormac's Glossary, the good offspring, or the gooillg born, like the Latin Etige- nius, is still in use as the Christian name 591 tlies's", ten Nialls\ ten Anihlaibhs", ten Aimergins"; nine Breasals*', jiine Muirgis's", nine Mnireadhachs^ ; eight Eoghans^ eight Conalls', eight Cobhthachs" ; seven Reochaidhs^ seven Rideargs'', seven Rio- naighs^; six Breasals^ six Baedans', six BlathmacsJ ; five Dubhs" ; five Demans' ; five Diarniaits™ ; four Scalaidhs" ; four Soraidhs", four Sechnasachs" ; three Lorcans^ three Lughaidlis', three Laeghaires' ; two oi'a man ; it is Anglicised Owen and Eu- gene, and Latinized Eoganiis and Eugenius. "^ Conalls. — Conall, is still in use among a few families as the proper name of a man, but most generally as a surname, though O'Deman. "^ Diarmaits tDiapmcnr, still in use in every part of Ireland. It is usually Latinized Diermitius, and Anglicised Der- mot, Darby, and, latterly, Jeremiah, whicli it does not appear that the surname is the form now generally adopted. " Scalaid/is ScalaiD, now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but pre- served in the surname Scally. " Soraidhs. — Sopaio, now obsolete. P Seachnasachs. — -Seacnapcich, now ob- ■ReocaiD, now entirely solete as a man's Christian or baptismal name, but preserved in the tamUy name O'Shaughnessy. 1 Lorcans. — .Copcán, obsolete, but re- tained in the surname O'Lorcain, which is now always Anglicised Larkin. ^ Lucihaidhs 6ujaiD, still retained. O'Connell is formed from it, that being an Anglicised form of the Irish O'Corigkail. d Colhthachs CoBruc, i. e. Victoricius, now obsolete as a Christian name, but pre- served in the surname Coffey. ^ Beockaidhs. obsolete. ^ Rideorgs. — Rióecipj, obsolete. 8 Bionaiglis. — Rionciij, obsolete. ^ Breasals. — ópeofal See Note ', p. 290. ' Baedans oaeoon, now obsolete as a man's Christian name, but preserved in and Anglicised Lewy and Lewis. It is La- the surname Boyton. i Blat/imacs 6luémac, now obsolete. This name is translated Florigenus by Colgan, Acta, SS. p. 129, n. 3. ^ Diibhs. — t)uB, i. e.. Black, is now ob- solete as a man's Christian name, but pre- served in the surname DufF. ^Demans Oeaman, obsolete as a man's Christian name, but retained in the surname Diman and Diamond, formerly 2P tiuized Lugadius and Lugaidus by Adam- nan and others, who have written lives of Irish saints in the Latin language. It is cognate with the Teiitonic name Ludwig, Ledwich ; which is Latinized Ludovicus, and Gallicised Louis. 5 Laegkaires Caejaipe, now obsolete as a man's Christian or baptismal name, but retained in the surname O'Laeghaire, which is Anglicised O'Leary. 292 Pionncliaó ; Oviban, Oeman, Oirjieabac, TTlaeTiac, TTluipjuif, TTIui- peaóac, Co|ic, Coipeall, Concobaji, Oianjup, Oomnall, Onincac, Pejigu)'', pcdlorhcnn, ^aój, Uuaral, Oilioll, Gnna, Injieaccac. ^f é innpin t)o pocaip laip o'á bpeiyini bjiuioe, ocup o'á riijifuj- a6 c]ioc, ocup t)'á eapbaóaib amijni, ap peajiaib Gpenn, 05 Oiojail a en jonci ojirhaib. C()i pojibat) caca peDma, ocup cqi cinneD caca cpwciD-comlaint) t)o Conjal Claen ip in car-larai]i pm, ar concnjic piiim cuige a capa, ocup a coicli, ocup a coinalca aen cije, ociip aen lepra, ociip aen rojbalci, Dalra péin DeiciDec, Deiib-rai]iipi Do Ooninall, mac Qet>a, mic QinTni|iecli, .1. TTlaelouin, mac Qeoa b]iacbinlli5 6en- nain, ocup map ar conaipc pium epiDein '5a mnpaijió peac cac apcena, acbepc na bpiacpa pa : Conaip cinniup in muat)-macaem mop DO Tílliuimnecaib ale irip, bap Congal Claen. l?e caipDeilb Do ' Earcs Gapc, now obsolete, but its diminutive form ©apcún is retained in tlie surname O'h-Gapcúin, now Anglicised Harkan. " Faelans paelún, now obsolete as a man's Christian name, but retained in the family name O'paeláin, Anglicised Phe- lan and VV helan. ^ Finnchadlis piotmchaó, now obso- lete. " Diibhan t)ubán, now obsolete as a man's Christian name, but retained in the famUy name O'tDuHúin, which is Angli- cised Duane, Dwan, Divan, and very fre- quently Downes. " Deman. — t)etnan See Note ', supra. "/ Ditkrebhach t^icpealjac, now obso- lete : it signifies a hermit or eremite. ^ Maeiiach ITIaenach, now obsolete as a man's name, but retained in the sur- name O'lTlaenaij, which is Anglicised Mainy and Mooney. ^ Coireall. — Coipeall, now obsolete as a man's Christian name and surname, but its diminutive form is preserved in the family name O'Coipeallam, which is An- glicised Carellan, Carland, and Curland, and sometimes Carleton. ■" Diangm. — Dianjup, now obsolete. '^ Dinnthach. — Omncach, obsolete. ■' Fergus. — peapjup is stiU used as the Christian name of a man, and correctly Anglicised Fergus. " Fallomhan palloiiiam, now obso- lete as the proper name of a man, but retained in the surname, O'PalloTTiam, now Anglicised Fallon, the O' being ge- nerally, if not always, rejected. 293 two Earcs', two Faelans", two Fiunchadlis" ; one Dubliau"', one De- man", one Ditlirebliach'', one IMaenacli'', one Muirglnus, one Muireadh- acli, one Core, one Coireall'', one Conchobhar, one Diangus'', one Domhnall, one Dinntliaeli'', one Fergus'', one Fallomlian^, one Tadlig^ one TuathaF, one Oilill", one Enna', one Innraclitach^ Sucli were the names slain by liis onslaught and capture, his over- powering of Avretches, and in his spiteful taking off of the men of Erin, in revenging his own Avound upon them. After having finished every exertion, and terminated every hard conflict in that field of contest", Congal saw approaching him his friend, companion, and foster-brother of the same house and same bed, and same rearing, the diligent and truly affectionate foster-son of Domhnall, son of Aedh, son of Ainmire, namely, Maelduin, son of the warlike Aedh Beannain, and as he saw him approaching, himself beyond all, he spake these words : " Wherefore does the large, soft youth of the INIomouians come hither," said Congal Claen. " To show thee f Tadliij CuDj, which is iuterpreted a poet by tlie Glossographers, is still in use as the Christian name of a man in every part of Ireland. It has been La- tinized Thaddseus and Theophilus, and Anglicised Thady, Teige, and Timothy, which last is the form of the name now generally used. 8 Tuatkal. — Cuachal, i. e. the lordly, now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but retained in the family name O'Cuaruil, now Anglicised O'Toole, and sometimes Tuohill. '■ Oilill. — Oilioll; this, which was the name of a great number of ancient Irish chieftains, is now entirely obsolete as the Christian name of a man, and it does not appear to enter into any family name. It was pronounced Errill in some parts of Ireland. ' Enna. — Gnna, now obsolete as the Christian name of a man, but retained in the family name of Mao Enna, generally Anglicised Makenna. J Innrachtach. — Inpeaccach, now ob- solete as the Christian name of a man, but retained in the surnames O'h-Inpeaccaij;, and rriac Inpeaccaij, the former of which is Anglicised Hanraghty in the north, and the latter Enright or Inright in the south of Ireland. '' After having finished, S^-c. — There is a 294 t)0 riuj-bá, ocup ]ie li-imliiaD li-aiinlecipa, ocu]" jie 1i-innapba h-tin- ma a cuap-ipcatiaib Do cui|ip, in ctobaiD a n-aigépraji ui|i|ie a li-inlc, ocup a li-anpéich, ocup a h-ecopa uile, in aen inaD, .1. ag Dpocli-rhuinDcep DuaiBpij, Dpegancct, Diconnipclig Diabail. Ip ano pin cibip ocup cerpaiDip Gonial Claen a gean glan-ciiDbpenctch Tjáipe, Do compainb a coicli, ocup a coniDalra, ocup arbepr na bpiarpa 00 cuilleD in cobeime ocup do ropmach na rapcaipi : Ip aobap óine do r'eapcaipDib, ocup ip Danina Dojpa doc' caipDib ocup DO- compoicpib m rupup rctn^aip, áp ip lúch-clepa leinim j^an ceill, no mna a]\ na tneaDpaD Do mop éD Duir-piu, buain pe bpaclecfcaib boDba na pe coDnc(coib cúppcdgfi cupc(D no car-lair- pec-pa ; op D015 ipac cpaeb-pa nop cpoireoD pet cno-meop, ocup ipac maerh-ploc nap irionnpaD pe mop-Docaip ; Daig ip Dompa ip aicniD lapum do muab-gaipceD mollo, macaeiTiDo moech-lectn- riioi^i-piii. jon o^, jctn occcnp, gan upcoiD, gan pip-Duoboip, a n-on- poD IVapm, na h'peoDnia, no h'enjnurho. O015 ip pe Dolb-gninnaib Dicleaca DOl-injabala Debro Oomnaill Do cuaDop do cepr-clepa conipaic-pni, uaip Da rpictn Durchupa pe Dolca á li-epnail na na li-oiDeoclira, ocup á h-oigncD na h-oilenina, ocup á Durcluip no Dalcacro boDepin. bpiarpa bombe, ocup uplabpa omoiDi, ocup cuar-bon-glóp cápc-labapca epoch po cajpaip, ocup po rupcancd)', a Chongail Chloein, ale, bap e-pium. Qp ip mipi poc pubco cpe uieaDpoD, ocup cpe micomaipli Do mallaccnoige; ocup nip ba Dú Duir-piu in c-aen Duine ip pepp a n-6pinn ocup in Qlboin, ocup ni Vi-eoD amain, occ Do'n cineD coiccenn cpich-puineDach ap chena. Do rarai'p ocup Do rainpiumaD. ohasm here in the velhim copy, and the is not properly explained in any piiblished matter has been supplied from the paper Irish Dictionary, is used throughout this one from p. 107 to p. 1 15 of that copy. story in the sense of wretch/, or one given ^Reprobate Cpod. This word which up to a reprobate sense. 295 thee thy final destiny, to expedite thy misfortune, and to drive tliy soul from the latent recesses of thy body into an abode where sa- tisfaction will be taken of it for all its evils, ill-debts, and injustice in one place, by the even, terrible, dragon-like people of the Devil." Then Congal burst into a clear, tremendous fit of laughter, at the sayings of his comrade and foster-brother, and he said the following words to add to the insult and increase the offence : " The embassy on which thou hast come is a cause of delight to thine enemies, and of anguish to thy friends, for it is but the dexterous feats of a child without sense, or of a woman after being distiu-bed by deep jealousy, for thee to attempt to cope with the mighty heroes or the well-arrayed chieftains of this battle-field ; for thou art indeed a branch wliich has not been shaken for its fruit, and thou art a soft twig that has not been hardened by great hardships. For to me the soft, slow actions of thy childhood and boyhood are known; thou wert without ^«//2 m^- victory or inflicting venom, injury or oppression by thy devotion to thine arms, thy prowess, or thy valour. For indeed thy first warlike feats were imitations of the dark, mysterious, battle-shunning contests of Domhnall, because two-thirds of a foster-child's disposition are formed after the nature of the tutorage, rearing, and fosterage he re- ceives." " The words which thou hast spoken and argued hitherto, O Congal Claen," said the other, " are the words of a scold, the language of an idiot, and the perverse, woman-like talk of a reprobate'. And it is I who shall wound thee" in consequence of the msanity and evil tendency of thy wickedness ; it is not becoming in thee to revile and traduce the very best man not only iu Erin and Alba, but the best of all the men of the western world iu general. I therefore delight to meet "" It is I who shall wound thee In the meipi noc oinjjeBae, i. e. for it is I who paper copy, p. 1 16, tlie reading is uaip \y shall check or resist thee. 296 cainjMumaD. ConiD aipe pin ip licli lim-pa do conilann, ocup do compac D'pajail, a h-airli na h-iplabpci pin; DÓ15 am, buó apjain jan apm-copnum Duic-piu cobaip no conjnoniaD Do copp '50c' corhpulanj, no Do larh '50c' luamoipecr, no h-apm, no h-engniinia Doc' imDÍDen, DÓ15 po Duilcpar, ocup po Dilpijpec cii-pa Do'n cupup pa ; ocnp acbepc na bpiafpa pa. Q Congail, ni coingeba, Cepr conilamD paec comalca ; Cepcaine ocup c'anDlijeD, Opr biD buapach bpaclvboDba, '^oc cental, '50c cuibpec-pu. Uaip nip epjip aen maiDen, Nip luijip ac'laech-imDaiD, ^an eapcaine oll-ceDo, Do c'uaiplib, Do r'aiDeaDaib, Oo rhuilletn gan reapap5ain. Qp m'lmDaiD nip epjiu-pa, Im lebaiD nip luigep-pa, ^an ceD n-ójlctc n-imcoTiilainD, Do clannaib Neill nepc-calma, Doni' bpuinniuD, Dom' beannacliaD. Umum-pa biD apm-lúipeach, Dom' imDiDen opiir-pu, bennacca na m-buiDne pin, QipD-pij 6penn r'aiDe-pui. Uimcell rpocli a rainpiumaD, puil punn Dalca Digelap, Qp canaip a Clilaen Clionjail. CiD rpacr, in re nac cláraijDíp recupca cailjenn, ocup nap péD- par pac-comaipleóa pellpam Do cup ap céill, ná ap cuibDep, na ap 297 meet tliee in battle and combat after the speech thon hast spoken ; for it will be destruction beyond the defence of arms to thee, that thy feet should help to sustain thee, or thy hand to guide thee, or thy arms or valour to protect thee, for indeed they have refused and de- serted thee on this occasion ; and he said these Avords : " Congal, thou wilt not maintain A just contest with thy foster-brother ; The curses, and thy lawlessness On thee will be as a mighty fetter, Tying thee, binding thee. For thou didst not rise any morning. Thou didst not lie in thy warlike bed. Without the curses of many hundreds Of thy nobles and fosterers Being deserved by thee without reserve. From my bed I rose not, In my bed I lay not. But an hundi-ed warlike youths Of the strong, valiant race of Niall Caressed me and blessed me. About me shall be as armour, To protect me against thee. The blessings of this people And of Erin's monarch, thy tutor. About the wretch his own censure will be. There is here a foster-son to revenge What thou hast said, O ialse Congal !" Howbeit, he whom the instructions of saints did not render gen- tle, whom the wise admonitions of philosophers could not bring to IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 Q hÍS 298 ap coTTiaencaio, ocuy ap nap laij lajaó na lán-rheipcean pe li-oiln Tia pe 1i-airpecup DÓla, no Dpoch-jnirha nd n-Depnam pim co li-uDacc na h-uaipe pn, ip é áipmic újoaip na h-elaóan, co piicat> X)á rpian a rapaiD o Conjal ip in cepc-inaO pin, .1. pip na biDg-labapcaib bóóba po canupcap a chaicli ocup a comalra, ic niba, ocup ic raipelbaC) a uilc, ocup a eapcaine, ocup a anoligio ina agam-pim. CiD cpacc, ciD h-e ITlaelDuin po puapaic, ocup po poiUpijiup- rap in paebap-clep peiceinnaip pin, ip é bpar popjell bennacran Oomnaill, a Deaj-ami, po bpiarlipaijepcap ap c't beol, rpe cpabat), ocup cpeiDnim, ocup caein-^ni'maib aipD-pij 6penn, po ailepcap h-é; uaip ni oecaiD Oomnall ó chpoip gan cponrmb, na ó ulaió gan impob, na ó alcóip jan eaoapguiDi. ^upa pacli-gleo peicemnaip Conjail ocup TTlaelaDuin conice pin. Conilann ocup compac na Depi Depb-conialcat) pin inpo amuch boDepra. Ip ant) pin pucpaD pum Da rpen peDg rpice, rapnri-cpuait)i, cnur-coniapraca cacaip 1 cepr-corhbáil a cell, map t»o peicIiDi'p ocup Do puafapaijiDÍp Da pctp-rapb puamanra, po-qiéna, ic bpip- iu6 biipaij, ocup ic cpuaD-coinaipc comeipji ap a cell ; ocup po claeclaDap Da cepc-beim cpuaiDi, comgapga, comDicpa, gan pall- l^aclic, gan pialcoipe, gan compégaD coinalcaip, a cepc-ajaiD a cell, 5up beanupcap cloiDem Con^ail 1 cluap aiDlmD carbaipp a coiTiolca in aen-pipr, ocup in aenpecc, co cappaiD colg-Dép in cloiDiiti ceDna 'na cloigenn, jop leoapcap in leir-cenn ocup in ler- cluap, " According to the account given hy the which often occurs in ancient MSS., is authors — If é aipnuo újoaip na h-eala- still understood in the west of Ireland to can — This is another proof that the wri- denote a penitential station at which pil- ter had several accounts of the battle be- grims pray and perform rounds on their fore him. knees. The word is in use in Inishmurry, ° Penitential station Llluió, a word in the bay of Sligo, where it is applied 299 his senses, reason, or to agreeableness, and on whom no depression or sinking of spirits liad come from horror or repentance for the evil deeds which he had committed up to tliis time, lost on that spot (according to the accovmt given by the authors" of the treatise), the two-thirds of his vigour, in consequence of the startling and cutting words which his companion and foster-brother had spoken in pointing out and showing against him his evils, his ciu'ses, and his lawlessness. Howbeit, although it was Maelduin that showed forth and ex- hibited this feat of accusation, it was in reality the influence of the blessino; of his foster-father kin" Domhnall which caused such words to issue from his mouth, in consequence of the piety, faith, and just deeds of the monarch of Erin ; for Domhnall never went away from a cross without bowing, nor from a penitential station" without turning round, nor from an altar without praying. So far the relation of the recriminating quarrel of Congal and Maelduin. The combat and fight of these two foster-brothers shall next be treated of Then they made two powerful, agile, hardy, eager, warlike springs towards each other, as would rush and spring two impetuous, in- furiated, powerful bidls to wreak their vengeance and fmy on each other; and they exchanged two direct, hard, fierce, vindictive, veno- mous strokes without treachery, or friendship, or regard to fosterage, right against each other, so that the sword of Congal struck the side of the helmet'' of his foster-brother, and its edge wounded the side of his head and one ear, and hewed his breast and side down to the leather belt of war, so that all the youthful, bright-deeded warrior's side, to a stone altar surmounted with a stone at Kilgobnet, in the county of Kerry, cross, and on the table of which many p Side of the helmet. — Cluap aiolino round stones are ranged in chimerical cacbaipp This reference to the helmet order, so as to render them ditlicult of being would seem to savour of more modern reckoned. This word is also understood tunes than the real period of this battle. 2Q2 3°o cluap, jiip Teaoaiji in lear-ucc ocuj^ in lear-bpuinne ■^viy in cpip coibliji caclia aji n-icliccqi, guji ba 1i-aen bel, ocu)^ jiip bet li-aen alaD iijioplaicci, iinaicbeil cnepbiiumne in cuilein caerh-jnimaisi fin Ó n-a ó 50 a imlinD ; coná jiaibe ace a cjiip C010I151 caca ic congbail a inne ocup a maraip cqi n-iccap, aji pcalcctD a fce^t jiif in cobjiaiD inoiji meDonaig ocup guy in c]iiplaic cjiuinD cen- jailci ciiiian-eagajin C]iet)iinia. Ip ano pin po linjiiipraii in lann limca, la)X(niain, luar-pinrech, lan-rairneitiac, .1. claiDeni Conjctil, ap a alcaib, ociip a]- a iinoopnncup cpe miriipcaijiri, ocup rpe Tnireacmaipib a rhijiair, ocup a rhallaccan, peib po imcloipeD ctip ip m uaip pin, goma h-aipoirip pe li-én ic epgi op bapp bile, a n-in- baib eppaig, pe coip a ceilebapra, cpuao-lann clamim Conjail, 1 naép, ocup i pipiiianiinr op ct cmD, ip in coiulann, ocupip in compac pin. CpuaD-buiUe cloiDim TTIaelaDuin impaicep againD ap ah-airli: ip ann po peolaD ocup po peoaigeo a cloiDern comaprac compaic piDe o luamaipecc Icdna a rigepna '5a rpén-iinipr, ocup ó Durpac- caib Dilpi, Dligreca, Dcpb-Deirioeca Donmaill '5a t)ip5ut), ocup '5a DeipiugaD peac pcar-eaoapnaige pceir Congcdl Claem, no gup Dibpaigepcap a t)óiD n-Dian-buillig n-Cteip 5a lúirib t)o'n laech-iTiiliO. Do ponpac puiTi map aen lamac Da laec-Tnilet» ap in laraip pm: co cappait) Congal cpuaD-lann a claiDim co b-imarlam erajibuap, gop j>áit) ocup 5U]i poDepigeprap h-i ap a airli ina h-ctlcaib ocup ina h-irtiDopncap, ocu)^ cucupcap cpi cpen beimenna Do cpuaD-alraib in claiDim Do lurponniccin a lamct, o'cit n-Dinge ocup D'ri n-DlurujuD 1 ceann a cell. UappaiD TllaelDuin caem-DOic Congail eaDapla eaDapbuap jan ribpiuD pe calmain. Imjabaip TTiaelnuin Din, a inaD inilaÍDe ap a aicli, ocup pucapcup leip m lam D'ct cógbail, ocup DO caipbénaiD d'ú Qinmipec co n-apD-plairib Gpenn ime. Ocup map acconaipc Congal a caicli ocup a comctlca ic cpiall a rechiD ocup in upD a imgabala, acbepc na bpiacpa pa: Ip béim ap 30I side, from his ear to liis navel, was one wide, gaping, awful wound ; and that there was nothing but his battle belt confining his viscera and bowels below, his shield having been cleft to the great central boss, and to the circular, red-bordered rim of brass. Then the sliarp- flaming, quick-strildng, brilliant blade, namely, the sword of Congal, flew from its joints and from its hilt, thi-ough the mishap and niis- fortiuie of his ill fate and his accursedness, which worked against him at this hour, so tliat as high as a bird rises from the top of a tree in the season of spring, for the piu'pose of warbling, so high did the hard blade of Congal fly in the air and firmament over his head in that contest and combat. Let us next speak of the hard sword-stroke of Maelduin : his death-dealing sword of combat was aimed and directed by the gui- dance of the hand of its lord, which mightily plied it ; and by the lawful and upright worthiness of Domhnall, which aimed and con- ducted it clear of the sheltering interposition of the shield of Congal Claen, so that it shot his rapid-striking right hand ofi'the sinews of that warlike hero. Both exhibited the dexterity of true warlike champions on this spot : Congal expertly caught the hard blade of his sword in its descent, and thrust and fixed it in its rivets and hilt, and made three mighty blows of the hard knobs of his sword at the sinews of his arms to press and close them together'' ; Maelduin caught the fair hand of Cons-al while it hovered in the air before it could reach the ground. After this Maelduin deserted his post in the conflict, car- rying with him the hand, to raise and exhibit it to the grandson of Ainmire and the arch-chieftains of Erin, who were along with him. When Congal perceived his companion and foster-brother preparing to flee from him and to shmi him, he spoke these woi'ds : " It is treading '' To press and close titem together, — i. e. as to stop the blood. The writer should to press the veins and arteries together so have added that he tied them. 302 ayi mcaib na h-afa]it>a, am ale, baji epiurn, ocup ip Diall jieo t>urh- cupaib niI]M booepin Duir-pui, na h-ábai)^i, ociij"" na ]i-aip]i6ena yw, .1. Tiiin|"cainniie mellca, maiomeca, moc-mnjabala na ÍTlunnnech D'aifpip ocvip t)'pí|i-co ceannpugab in cupaó, ocup Oo rpaeraó a cpom-pepgi; ocup apbepc na bpiarpa pa: TTlo cean Celiac corhparhac, CuingiD cara car-lairpec, Cobaip clann Neill nepc-buillec, Qp áobal ap Ullcacaib, Qp TTluij pac na pijpaibe. Qp in cógbáil cucpaDap, Opm-pa clanna caerh Chonaill, pell-pmjal net popbac pum Opm-pa c't h-airhle rh'ailerhna, Pe li-ucc-bpumt)! li-ui Qinmipec ; Qp caipDiup, ap comalcup, Léic eabpum ip oll-iTlliuimnij, Co no bia par ppejapca, Oom' ' The words ofDomhnatt /iimse!/.—Tna\\ This quatrain is quoted from an older ac- Deimnijep inopci t)o)nnaiU bo oein. — count of tlie battle. 3°5 had not slain more of the Ultonians durhig the battle than Congal had slain of tlie Momonians up to that time, when he saw Cellach, the son of Maelcobha, seeking and searching for Maelduin, the son of Aedh Bennain, to shelter and protect him against the onset of Congal in the combat, as the words of Domhnall himself, spoken at the lirst commencement of the engagement, testify : ''Let IMaelduin and Cobhthach, the comely, Finnchadh, and Faelchu, son of Congal", Until the great battle be won. Be from me under Cellach's protection." Then Congal was filled with horror at the sight of Cellach, and he therefore bade Cellach welcome to soothe that hero and abate his violent anger, and said these words : "My affection to Cellach, the valorous. Leader of the battle in the lists, Shield of the mighty-striking race of Nial. Great is the slaughter on the Ultonians On Magli Rath of tlie kings ! On account of their having fostered me, The fair race of Conall, Fratricidal treachery let them not exert against me After my having been nursed At the very bosom of the grandson of Ainmire. For the sake of friendship and fosterage Leave it between me and the great Momonians, That they may not have the power of revenge After "" Faelchu, son ofConr/al. — Here king some of tliem were arrayod in deadly Domhnall is represented as anxious to pre- enmity against liim See also Note "■, serve the lives of his foster-sons, although p. i6o. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 R 3o6 Oom' éip acu aji Ullcacaib. Ni bui pepra 05 pectjigvijab, l?e clannaib CuinD Ceo-cachaij ; Qif|iec bum ap luac-TTia|ibup Oom' iiaiplib, Dom' aiDeabaib, Q n-airhpeip, a n-epccnne Pa Deapa 1110 Doic-cippab Do mac Qéba anglonnaij, Nrqi pail neac Dom' nepc-ppegpa, Oá n-anab pern' airbi-pea, O'a éip m bub or^uinec TTlo coicli 'p imo coTTialra. Cibé báp ]iom' bépupa, 1 n-oíjail ino bepb-palab, Qp cac; ip mo cen Cellacli. ITlo cen. Qcr cena, ni h-aipciD capab ap capaio in coma pin cuin^ipiu, a Congail, ale, bap Celiac, acu mat) bpar-coma bibbab D'aplac a aiitilepa ap a eapcapaic. Ctcr cena ni o'pupcacc op n-epcapar, na o'lmluao ap n-airhlepa cancaoap Tlhiimnig ip in máp-pluaigeo pa, acr ip o'arcup Ulao ocup o'lnnappa allniapac ; ocup acbepc na bpiarpa pa : Q Conjail, na cuinOij-piu Opm-pa in comait) celj-ouaiBpij, Dilpiugot) pluaij paep-TTluman, Uancaoap pa'p rojaipm-ne, ap cobaip, oVip comDipjiuD, D' popirin li-ui Qinmipec, 1 n-ajaib a eapcapao. Ml D'lmluab op n-airhlepa Uancaoap in cupupa, 307 After me [i. e. mi/ deatli] on the Ultonians, I shall not henceforth be angered With the race of Hundred-battle Conn. I regret the number I have slain Of my nobles, of my fosterers, It was my disobedience to them and their malediction That caused the mutilation of my hand By the unvahant son of Aedh [Beníian'], Who no one thcjught, would be able to respond to me. Had he waited for my response He would not be a great slaughterer, My comrade and my foster-brother. Whatever kind of death shall overtake me. In revenging my just animosity On all ; my affection to Cellach. My affection," &c. " Howbeit, this request is not indeed the entreaty of a friend from a friend, O Congal," said Cellach, " but the treacherous entreaty of an enemy pressing his misfortune on his foe. It was not surely to support our enemies, or to effect our misfortune, that the Momonians have come into this great hosting, but to put do-\\m the Ultonians and expel the foreigners ;" and he said these words : "O Congal, do not ask Of me the treacherous request. To oppress the noble host of Munster, Who came at our summons To assist us, to set us to rights, And to aid the srandson of Ainmire Against his enemies. It is not to effect our misfortune They have come on to this expedition, 2 li 2 But 3o8 Ctcr |ie Uiaó á]i leapa-ne 1 cacaib, i consalaib. Q Conjail. TTlaicli, a Con5ail,alc, bap Celiac, p]ieproil-piu mo comlann-pa, ocu]^ mo compac bobepca, áji ip lop lim-pa aji léijiup d' uaiplib ocup t)' aim-mainb Gpenn D'poipcceD ocup D'pobbiijan. Qcc am ale, bap Gonial, ni comanaip áp compac ; ru-pa co h-apmba ocup CO h-imlan, mipi, iimoppo, ap n-arhleób co lectr-lámoch. Qcu cena, m puil a pi)' agur-pct cá li-ánbap páp' reiciup-pa fú mao gup cpapra? Ni peaDop umoppo, a Congail, ap Celiac, ace mun ub ap caipDine in comalcaip, no t)'uctipli na li-aioeclirct. Leic ap ale, a Cliellaij, ap Conjal ; bói^im-pi bpiafnp cumctD peppDi lim-pa jctc lepDachc ocup cac linmaipecr t)o ber>ip m'aiDebct ocup m'ailemnópai^ popc- ciDi, paen-mopba pa colj-Déip mo clcd'hirh ; acr cena, ip uime po recliiup-pa ap cc(cli maD o'lnaD, ocup ap cac carli-lorcdp'iia ceili, co n-ainnt) m'anpalra ap uaiplib ocup ap npD-mainb Gpenn, uaip po peaDap nac but) peap airi a pcdaó no a écpaiDi ceccap uaino rap éip comlamt) ocup compaic a cell ; ocup muna beint)-pi ap n-t>i- ceannan mo ttóiri, ocup ap leóó mo lcarli-lárha rio jebró-pa mo j^leo-pa CO jóibrec, ocup m' imlaini co h-aicbéil. Im^aib in imoipg, no ppejaip in compac, a Congail, ap Celiac; Im^ébac, a Cliellaijj, op Conjal, ocup ]io b'annarii lim Irifaip t)ó pánac piarh o'pcxcbaíl, op imjabáil imlaíoi, ocupóic 05 imbuolab ínOri Deep m'éipi; conió onn apbepc in laí6 : Qnnum lim Dul o each com, ip Ó15 cap m'éip 05 im^uin, ba " For the future oooef ca is used cient Irish ilSS. for the modern word throughout this story, and in the best an- peapca, i. e. for the future. 309 But to promote our welfare In battles, in conflicts. Cono-al." o " Well then, Congal," said Cellacli, " respond to my conflict and combat for tlie future", for I tliink that I have suflercd enough of the nobles and arch-chieftains of Erin to be slaughtered and cut down." " Not so, indeed'*," said Congal, " for our conflict is not equal : thou art armed and perfect, I am mutilated and one-handed. But dost thou know why I have avoided thee hitherto ?" "I do not, indeed, O Congal," said Cellacli, " unless it was for the friendship of the fos- terage, or for the nobility of the tutorage." " Desist, henceforward from such observations, Cellach," said Congal; " I pledge my word that the more extensively and the moi'e nimierously my instructors and fosterers would be slaughtered, and prostrately mangled under the edge of my sword, the more I would hke it. But the reason why I fled thee, from one place to another, and froni one spot of con- test to another, was that I might satisfy my animosity on the nobles and arch-chieftains of Erin, for I knew that neitlier of us would be fit to revenge his animosity or enmity after lighting and combating with each other. But had not my hand been mutilated and cut ofl" thou shouldest now get from me a dangerous battle and teriible con- flict." " Fly the contention or respond to the combat, Congal," said Cellach. " I will fly from it, Cellach," said Congal, " though it was seldom with me ever to quit a spot of contention where I happened to come, to avoid a combat, while youths should be contending there after me ;" and he repeated this poem : " Seldom with me to depart from a fair battle, And youths after me exchanging wounds. More " Indeed. — Qiii is used throughout tliis «AXa ; but it is not used in the spoken Irish story as an expletive, like the Greek h, or of the present day in any of the provinces. 3IO ba menca lim anaó ann, Cap éip cnich a 511111 galann. Noca n-pacaió nii-pi piarh, pem' |iémiup pém, caip na ciaji, peap mo pjiepcail, ni par pann, ace mat) Celiac ip Dorhnall. Nip b' eagal lini Domnall Oil, bo cpeájooD mo ciiipp comjil, aDcigup rii-pa, a laic luino, ip aipe nop imgabaim. pácli pa cecim a car cam, uu-pa pec cac, a Cbellaij, CO n-DiglainD m'palaó co h-oll, ap cácli ]ie n-tml ac' corhlonn. ba Oeriiin lim, a laic luino, óic 1 corhpégDafp r'qi n-gluint), ciD cm peap uairiD bim beó De, nác bub bijalcach jpeipe. Conall ^ulbari nap jab pmacc, uainD po jemeb in cpaeb-plac, ip aipe pin, ni pócb pann, rpeipi no cac a caérivclanD. Ingen pij Ulaó arhpa mafaip Cbonaill car-calma, CIÓ mac pearap piic leip uamt), ap n-engnutti '5a claino com-cpuaib. Gngnarh ^ Nerer: — Hoc ha is used in the best is generally found in modern printed books, MSS., and in the spoken Irish language and in tlie spoken language in the other throughout the greater part of the pro- provinces. Noclia generally causes eclip- vince of Ulster, for the negative ni, which sis, and ni aspiration of the initial conso- 3" More usual is it Avitli me to remain m it Beliind all wounding heroes. Never" have I seen In my own time, east or west, A man to contend with me, — no silly boast, — Excepting only Cellach and Domhnall. I would not fear that the aflectionate Domhnall Should pierce my fair body. But I fear thee, O valiant hero. And it is therefore I avoid thee. The reason that I shun in fair contest Thee more than all, Cellach, Is that I might revenge my spite mightily Upon all the rest before meeting thee in combat. It was certain to me, O mighty hero. That where our efforts would come in collision, Which ever of us should survive. That he would not be a revenger of an aggression. Conall Gulban, who submitted to no control From us the branching scion sprung, Hence it is, — no weak reason — That his fair race are mightier than all others. The daughter of the illustrious king of Ulster Was the mother of ConalP, the brave in battle. And though but the son of a sister, he carried away from us Our valoiu- to his hardy race. The nant of the verb wliicli follows it. wife of Niall of tlie Nine Hostages, and '' Was the mother of Congal. — In the mother of the two Conalls, and of Eoghan, tract on remarkable women, preserved in his sons. This does not agree with the the Book ofLecan, fol. 193, it is stated statement in the text. thatlndiu, daughter ofLughaidh, was the 312 en5r,arii Ulaó, gctpg a n-jal, ^]^é Xiurhcuy a beg-rháraii, peac macaib Neill, cicqi ip raiji, a Conall jlan ci ^ulbain. Gngnurh Conciill, cniTig na car, a rá j^eac each a Celloc, á bui|ibi a emec, cen paiU, a cktnnaib cpoba Conaill. Ip é ]io ^ab |iiin-pa in car, ip 111 Tilrnpr-j^i pop TTluij Rar, clann Conaill map capain cloch, peiTi' ajaiD 05 ni'cli Ullcach. l?op incaiDecra utle, DO pluaj poóla polc-buíóe, D'peirerh mo óeabra piu pin, Coiboenaij ociip piiigm. l?op incoibecua uile. Do pluaj pobla polc-buíóe, d' peircem mo corhlaino 'p in cac ocup Ceannpoelab pleaoach. i?op incoióecra uile, Do pluaj pobla po^c-buióe, b'peicem mo corhlainb gan cpdó, ocup Conall, mac baeoán. O01I51 ná jach gleó Dib pin, ope noca eel, a Chellaij, corhpac in laic, puc mo lárh, ITlaelouin, mac Qeba bennáin. Ni ^Conall of Gulhan. — It is stated in an Irish tliat Conall, who was the youngest of the romance, entitledEachtraChonaillGulbain, sons of Niall of the Nine Hostages, re- 313 The valour of the Ultonians, — fierce their prowess, — Through the inheritance of his good mother, Beyond the sons of Niall, east and Avest, Existed in Conall of Gulban/ The valour of Conall, prop in the battles, Exists more than all in Cellach, From the fierceness of his action, without doubt. Among the brave sons of Conall. It was he met me in the battle On this Tuesday on Magh Rath, The race of Conall, like rocks of stone Are against me destroying the Ultonians. It would have been worth the while of all to come, Of the yellow-haired forces of Fodhla, To view my conflict with Coibhdhenach and Finghin. It would have been worth the while of all to come, Of the forces of yellow-haired Fodhla, To view my combat in the battle With Cennfaeladh the festive. It would have been worth the while of all to come. Of the yellow-haired forces of Fodhla, To view my conflict without oppression With Conall, son of Baedan. More diflicult than any conflict of these. From thee I will not conceal it, Cellach, Was the combat with the hero who carried off my hand, Maelduin, the son of Aedh Bennain. My ceived that cognomen from his having been Benbulbin, a mountain about eight miles fostered at Beann Gulbain, now corruptly to the north of the town of Sligo. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 S 314 Ni h-eaó ]io bean oim' mo láirh engnurh mic Qeba bennam, ace in airhpeip rujiip call a|i mo Deaj-aioi, a]i Oomnall. Ml 1i-ea6 |io bean tn'm' mo láirh engnurh mic Qeba bennam, ace m CÍ nac paibe ann, li-iict Qinmijiec na n-apo-clann. Qnnum. Imclnipa Ulab ocuj' allmajiach imjiaicep agamt). Q]i n-oir a n-oeg-baine, ocuy ap ciippiigab a cupab, ocup ap n-epbaib Congail 5an piy a aiDeba, ocuj' gan aipiújaD a pebma ag cepapgam a ruarli ocup ic mibejail allmopacli, ip ann pin po h-iipmaipeat) aco-pum ap aen-comaipli, gép b'lnjnao Uloib ocup allrhápaij ap cac aipD ip in cac-pai compaic pin o'úpmaipi uile ap aen comaipli gan labaD n-imagallma impe t)o bénaiti oóib, ocup gan cinDectb cpuab-caingni na corhaipli, ocup ba Ivi comaipli po cinnpeo a n-uaill, a n-engnurh, ocup a n-oglacup, a muipnn, a mipnec, ocup a mileacaclic t)o claecMuo ocup do cepc-imlaic ap rláp, ocup ap rime, ocup ap ceiclicige, ap miceipc, ocup ap meanachc, ocup ap mi-eangnam. Nip ba claecliloD coimge o'á cupc(Daib-)^ium in claecloD pin, ocup nip ba h-oiceppach báiji na bipij na blab-nóip t)' Ullcaib na n'allmapacaib in imlaic pin ap ap popbpar in imaipec ocup a n-aigri o'lmpoD pip in aipD-pig h-ua n-Qinmipech ap mngabail peann ocup pucib-paebap ocup po]inmaoa a pip-laecli, ocup cul- peang Gpomanna a carmileD Do leguD co lán-Dílep ap bpeirli a m-biobao. Ip d' mnaib na li-imgabala pin po arcuipeoap pum a n-aipm uppclaibe ocup a caclibepn comlctmo, gup ba li-epaip uarmap, uppcailci, ocup gup ba bpopnac beo, biDgac, booba, ocup 3^5 My hand was not cut oíF me By the prowess of the son of Aedh Bennan, But through the disobedience which I offered To my good foster-father Domhnall. My hand was not cut off me By the prowess of the son of Aedh Bennan, But by a person who was not there, The grandson of Ainmire of great tribes. Seldom, &c." Let us now treat of the adventures of the Ultoniaus and foreign- ers. After their nobles had been cut off, and their heroes vanquished, and after the disappearance of Congal without knowing his fate, and not observing his exertions in supporting his tribe and protecting his foreigners, they aU came to one determination, though it was sur- prising that the Ultoniaus and foreigners should, from every part of the field, all come to one resolution without calhng a meeting to confer in order to decide on the subject; and the resolution to which tliey came Avas to exchange and baiter their pride, their prowess, their valour, their puissance, their coiu'age, and their bravery, for feebleness, timidity, flight, ill-fame, cowardice, and dastardliness. This exchange was no exchange of advantage to their heroes, and this barter for wliicli they gave up the battle was not a barter of luck or prosperity, or fame to the Ultoniaus and foreigners, viz., they turned their faces from the monarch the grandson of Ainmire, to shun the spears and red blades, and to leave the shoulders of their heroes and the spines of tlieir soldiers entirely at the mercy of their enemies. In consequence of the precipitation of their flight they cast away their arms of defence and warlike head-pieces, so that the great coats of mail, the spears, and tlie broad shields whicli the Ultonians and foreigners left on the middle of the field of battle, formed a startling, horrific, 2 S 2 and 3i6 5U|i ba copai]! cpuaiD-jep, cpop-amlennach cuTT>ni]''c, ociip jiiji ba pal pa coll pal-gnimac pulairig cac laem-lui]iecli, ocup láijneaD, ocup lebap-pciau po pájpac UlaiD ocup aUmapaig ap cepc-lap na cach-laiclipech pin. Qcc cena, nip raipbepc ocu]^ nip ntinacul enij na enpiama o'Ullcaib tia D'ollinapachaib epiDein ; uaip ciD oobal m éoail po pagpar, icip eacaib, ocup apmaib, ocup eDaigib, ni li-aici po onpar, ocup ni li-uippe po puipjeoap ploin pumiD, na jlepi ^aeoel, na api-rhairi Gpenn, acr ip rpeinpi ]io rpiallpar, ocup ip caipppi po uogaippec ic uogpaini Ulao ocup allniapac. Qchc cena, po pa roipfec ocup po pa cupcaiprec glaplách ocup gillannpaiD pep n-Gpenn t>' aobcdb ocup d' éoálaib m ajimuigi d' pagbcnl o pepaib Gpenn ap pocainD a pájbóla. Oóij ba foipmepc ocup ba cupbpoD cogpuma, ocup cmnenaip t)' pepaib Gpenn paob- tih'ip, ocup popleci na peap popcciDe, paen-rhapb, ina puar-laijib paena, peingcbela, puacaiji, porappna puirib. Cpeafa ocup cli- I'ernnac na Icjec Iconra laoapfa lervnapb ic cuicmemiaig riug-ba 05 imraipcpi aifepgi pa copaib na cupctD. Ocup om pe h-iniao na n-eappac n-uc(rinap, n-uppcailci, ocup na ti-ctpin n-eoapla n-up- chappna ocup na n-op-claiDem n-upnocc 1 n-aicbelib in apniuiji. ^up ba pemm ppichnumach o'pepaib a n-iniGín ap na h-aiplengaib opmuiji pe li-ellmacr in aicenca ic rinnenup na cogpuma, gup ob eao a moo co poipcip Ulaio ocup allniapaig pcj peaoaib ocup pa papaigibUlaD, uiunbaD mupbellna mepaigecca ic mall-ceimniujaD in mop-pluag ocup ruipleaoach in cinoenaip ic caipmepc na cpen- pep. Uige, ocup copcgal, ocup ruaic-belach na epoch ic comgaboil a cell 00 rappaccam ropaig in cecm pe h-ellmacc na li-iiujabala. Cen CO beoip na li-abaipi ocup tia Ivaippoeana pm ic aDiiiilleD Ulao ocup allrhapac, po b'lmoci ilpiana upbaoaca eli ic popcaO, ocup ic porujao poipne d'ó n-ogbaoaib, ocup Dpoingi D'á n-Dej-rjaí- nib, .1. cac aen uaicib ap ap cuipepcap Congal glaip ocup geini- leca pe cuji in cara, do bÓDap ] em na m-buaipgib bcipp-ruipleoacct, bóoba Z^7 and grand heap, and a hard, sharp, confused pile, and a barrier of opposition not easily passable. However, this was no gift or reward of protection, or quarter to the Ultonians and foreigners ; for though prodigious was the booty they left behind, consisting of steeds, wea- jions, and accoutrements, it was not at it the chiefs of the west, the choice of the Gaels, and the arch-chiefs of Erin, stopped or delayed, but they passed through it and flew over it, in pursuit of the Ulto- nians and foreigners. Howbeit, the recruits [hirelings] and calones of the men of Erin Avere loaded and enriched with the arms and spoils of the field of slaughter, which they obtained from the men of Erin merely for having gathered them. The men of Erin were im- peded in their pm'suit by the closeness and extensiveness of the mangled bodies stretched crosswise beneath their feet in feeble, wounded, and loathsome heaps of carnage; by the trembling and quivering of the wounded, mangled, and half-dead heroes gasping in death, and attemjiting to rise, under the feet of the piusuing heroes; and by the many loathsome, mangled heaps, and by the weapons strewed about, and the gold-hilted, naked, terrific swords, on the horrible field of slaughter, so that it was a work of circimispection for the men to save themselves from the hidden dangers of the field of slaughter, their minds being so bent on the rapidity of pursuit ; so that their condi- tion was such that the Ultonians and foreigners would have reached the forests and wildernesses of Ulster, had not the bewildering of the confusion impeded the movement of the great host, and the precipi- tation of hurry obstructed the mighty men. The thickness, tumid- tuousness, and misdh'ection of the wretches keeping one another back, each striving to be first in the retreat, su.ch was their anxiety to shun the battle. And even though these symptoms and indications should not have been confusing the Ultonians and foreigners, there were still many other baleful causes which impeded and obstructed troops of their youths and bodies of their better people, namely, all uf 3i8 bóóba, ocup 1 n-'gaij^ceDaib gle-Ducnbpecha gabaiD, 'gá poiTaD, ocu|' '5a porugaD pe laecaib a leaniticttia. Cac aen Oib bin po Oelig ocup po Dipjepcap á coprgcdl cinoenctip, ocup a cuipleaDaig ciiairbil iip-ropaig na h-ingctbala, Do cuaoap 1 cenn a pera co po t)icpa ocup a larai]i gan lan-coigill; iiaip Da m-beic in cpninne co n-a cerpaib ap comup cac aein uairib-piuin Do bépab ap poppac ocup ap imapcaiD lúi6 ocii)' lc(n-cablai6 D'págbáil cac aein icip aichniD ocup ctnaicniD uc(pa eip. Ro b'lniDct Din epnctil ocup inn- comapra maDma ocup micapaiD ap UUcaib ocnp op allniapacliaib ip in uaip pin. Ro b'lmDa aipec ocup apD-plaic acupum icc( pop- caD ocu]^ ica upgabail ap n-upnamm a anala aip pe cemne na cogpuma ; ocup pep ic popcaD a capaD ocup a comceneoil '5a arac ocup 5a eaDapjuiDi mi anoD ocup ini U]inaiDi aici im Dej- jnirh, ocup ini Degrapao Do Denam im cobaip ocup iin cujnoitiab a cell. Ctcc cena ni ap cúip coraigri comlumD po pui'jleaD aen Dume acupum é-pem, ace D'págbail a capctD ocup a cumraig ocup a coiceli 1 n-iapnéip in ctpniui^i D'ct éip, comaD piaiDe po poipeD pein a peiDm ocup a popbaipi na popéicne. Ocup Din ]io b'lnriDa pep poral, puaicniD, )^a]i-iiiDill, paeji ceneoil gan caipcpi jan rapaD gun rjielmaiDeclic pe camnellaib in ceciD, pe cainpemaD na rogpuma. Ocup Din po b'nnoa pep gan uipeapbctió céime, na coipi, na cepc-imcecca, leime na laraip, net lan-cablaiD, ocup e ic luamain ocup ic lain-eirelaij D'á juaillib ocup d'c'( gég-loiiiaib ic cappac- cain copaig in ceciD, pe li-ailgiup na li-mgctbala. Rob'iniDa anD Din aen Dame iniDa eli gan ái]ieni, gan amninuijab oppo, ic uprpiall eipeinailco h-ánpara, ocup ic nnDpcna rapaiD co rpealriiai^i, cen co puapaDap a ppeagpa mn anab acu na li-imupnaibe mipu. Qcc cena, ni rainic Do jlame a gat'pi net d' paippmge a inD- clecca aen Duine d' paipnéibpeb co h-uiUbe écra ocup ilpictna in ópriiuije pm, mine cctncá co cumaip ; uaip ni cepna d' Ullcctib ay, CÍCC 3^9 of tliem on whom Congal had put locks and fetters before the com- mencement of the battle, were now impeded and detained by them as dreadful up-tripping spancels and as truly oppressive snares of dis- tress, for the heroes of the pursuit. But such of them as had sepa- rated and escaped from the furious bewildering of precipitation, and from the awkward stumbling in the front of the flight, took to their heels vigorously and left the field unhesitatingly ; for should each of them possess the world with its cattle, he would have given it for superabundance and excess of fleetness and speed to leave every one, both known and unknown, behind. At this hour many were the kinds and signs of defeat and prostration on the Ultonians. Many a toparch and arch-chief of them was stopped and captured when out of breath by the rapidity of the retreat ; one man stopping his friend and relation, to request and beseech him to halt and make a stand, and display good deeds and vigour, to aid and assist one another ; but it was not for the purpose of sustaining the battle that any of them thus addi-essed the other, but to leave his friend, companion and comrade behind in the slaughter, in order that he himself might ad- vance the farther from tlie exertion, struggle, and violence of the pursuit. And many a haughty, nobly-dressed, well-attired, nobly- born man was without leap, without vigom', without attire hy the iaintness of the flight and the oppressiveness of the piursuit. And also there was many a man who wanted not of step or leg or power of motion, of leap or speed, bounding and flying with his shoul- ders and arms striving to be foremost in the retreat from the eager- ness of the flight. There were many others, however, who could not be reckoned or named vahantly preparing for the deeds of arms, and vigorously preparing for valom', although they did not meet a response, the enemy not having staid or waited with them. Howbeit, there came not any person who, either by the clearness of his wisdom or extent of his intellect, who could fully relate the losses 320 occ pé céo pa pe]it)OTnun puilech, mac Imomain, ocup ní répna t>' allmapacaib app, acc DubDmó Djiiii, ocup laec lán-ma|ib ina leac- coip, Tíiap popglep Conall Clogac in inaD eli : Ní céir beo Do'n c-pluag t>a|i muip, cic le Conjal, mac Scannail, acr aen laec luióiiip 50 h-oip, in pian, ocup aen 'na leac-coip. ' Conall Clogach. — He was a brother of see Keating's accouiit of the Convention of King Domhnall, the hero of this story, Druim Ceat, in the reign of Aedh, son of and is generally called the píj-óinrhiD, or Ainmire. royal simpleton. For some account of him, " His leg — In the vellum copy no notice 321 losses and various slaughters of that battle-field, unless it should be given in a summary ; for there escaped not of the TJltonians but six hundred men vi^ho were under Ferdoman the Bloody, son of Imoman ; and there escaped not of the foreigners but Dubhdiadh, the Druid, who swam across to Scotland withovit ship or barque with a dead hero tied to his leg, as Conall Clogach' testifies in another place : " There passed not alive of the host over the sea. Which had come with Congal, son of Scannal, But one hero who went frantic Upon the sea, and one fettered to his leg"." is given that the story ends here, but in nuije pin, i. e. "so far the stories of tlie the paper one the following words, which Battle of Magh Rath." — See Note at the occur in this place, imply its conclusion : — end of the Feast of Dun ua n-Gedh, pages ConiD DO pjélaiB caca ÍTIuiji 13ac co 86, 87. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 T ^jWmé^^^-jjfmm^ ADDITIONAL NOTES. T2 ADDITIONAL NOTES. NOTE A. Seepage 2. IN the following pedigree of Donihnall, the grandson of Ainmire, monarch of Ireland, and hero of the Battle of Magli Rath, the Editor has followed the most ancient and most authentic manuscript authorities. Whether the series from Ugaine, or Hugony the Great, down to king Domhnall, is a correct pedigree or not, the Editor can neither assert nor deny ; it appears correct, inasmuch as the number of generations, allowing thirty years to a generation, will be found to agree with the period of time stated in Irish history to have elapsed from Hugony to Domhnall. But this is not enough to prove its authenticity, for supposing it to have been fabricated, the forger, if he were acquainted with the average number of years to be allowed for each gene- ration, might have invented names, ad libitum, and given them the appearance of a real genealogical series. Whether this pedigree was so forged or not must be ascertained from the authenticity of the documents on which the list of the Irish monarchs rests, and from its general agreement with our authentic history. Indeed if the pedigree of any Irish line be correct it is that of the northern Hy-Niall from the period of the introduction of Christianity, but whether it is to be depended upon or not for the period before Christianity, cannot be satisfactorily proved until the question be settled when the Irish first had the use of letters and the power of committing their pedigrees to writing. Barnard, Bishop of Kdlaloe, in his Imjuiry concerning the Origin of the Scots in Britain {Trans. Royal Irish Acad. vol. i. Antiq. p. 27), has given us the following opinion respecting the authenticity of the Irish genealogical tables: — "The Irish genealogical tables which are still extant, carry intrmsic proofs of their being genuine and authentic, by their chronological accuracy and consistency with each other, through all the lines, collateral as well as direct ; a consistency not to be accounted for on the supposition of their being fabricated in a subsequent age of darkness and ignorance, but easily explained if we admit them to have been drawn from the source of real family records and trutli." 326 Pedigree of King Domhnall. 1. tigaine Mor, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3619, according to 0'Flaliert)'s Chronology. 2 Cobhthach Gael Breagh, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3665. 3. Meilge Molbhthach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3696. 4. larangleo Fathach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3721. 1 5. Connla Cruaidhcealgach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3734. I 6. Olioll Caisf hiaclaoh, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3738. 7. Eoehaidh Foiltleathan, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3768. I 8. Aengus Tuirmeach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3787. 9. Enna Aighneach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3831. I 10. Labhraidh Lore. 1 1 . Blatliachta. I 12. Kasaman. 13. Koighne Euadh. 14. Finnlogha. I 15. Finn. 16. Eoehaidh Feidhleach, monarch of Ireland, A. M. 3922. 1 7. Finn Eamhna. 18. Lughaidh Sriabh-n-dearg, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 65. 19. Crimthann Nianar, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 74. I 20. Feradhach Finnfeachtnach, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 95. 21. Fiacha Finnola, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 119. 22. Tuathal Teachtmhar, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 130. 23. Feidhlimidh Keachtmhar, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 164. I 24. Conn of the Hundred Battles, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 177. 25. Art, the Solitary, monarch of Ireland, succeeded A. D. 220, slain in 250. I 26. Cormac Ulfada, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 254. 1 27. Cairbre Lifeachair, monarch of Ireland, A .D. 277. I 28. Fiacha Sraibhtine, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 297. 29. Muireadhach Tireach, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 331. I 30. Eoehaidh Muighmheadhoin, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 358. 31. Niall of the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 379. i 32. Conall Gulban, chief of Tirconnell, slain A. D. 464. 33. Fergus Cennfota. I 34. Sedna. 35. Ainmire, monarch of Ireland, succeeded in 568, died in 571. 36. Aedh, monarch of Ireland, succeeded in 572, died in 599. I 37. Domhnall, monarch of Ireland, the hero of the Battle of Magh Katli, succeeded in 628, and died in 642. 527 NOTE B. Seepage 19. Nothing is more certain than that neither Bishop Ere of Slane, nor any of tlie other twelve distinguished saints of the primitive Irish Church, could have been living at the period to which this story refers, and, as has been already remarked, it is highly probable that some serious errors have crept into the text through the carelessness of transcribers. The Irish writers, however, were in the habit of ascribing acts to their saints centuries after they had passed from this world. For instance, whenever any sudden misfortune had happened to the plunderer of a distinguished Irish church, it was said to have been caused by the patron saint of that church, either through his intercession, or by his spiritual presence in corporeal form. Thus we are told that after Felim Mac Crimhthainn, king of Cashel, had plundered Clonmacnoise, in the year 846, he saw the spirit of Saint Kieran, patron of that church, approach him with his crozier in his hand, of which he gave him a thrust which caused an internal disease, of which the king afterwards died. It is also recorded that in the year 11 30 one of the Danes of Limerick robbed the altar of Clonmacnoise of several valuable cups and chalices, and repaired with his booty to Cork, Lismore, and Waterford, with the inten- tion of setting sail for some foreign country, but that Saint Eaeran met him wlierever he went with his crozier, and caused contrary winds, so that he could not pass out of the country. The story is given as follows in Mageoghegan's Translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, made in 1627 : — "The Jewells that were stollen from out the Church and Alter of Clonvicknose were found with one Gillecowgan, a Dane of Limbrick, the said Gillecowgan was apprehended by Connor O'Brien, and by him delivered over to the Family [i. e. Monks] of Clonvicknose, who at the time of his arraignment confessed openly that he was at Cork, Lismore, and "Waterford expecting for wind to goe over seas with the said Jewells. All the other passengers and shipps passed with good gales of wynde out of the said toAvnes save only Gillecowgan, and said as soon as he would enter a Sliipp-board any Ship he saw Saint Queran with his staff or Bachall return the Shipp back again untill he was soe taken ; this much he confessed at the time of the putting of him to death by the said Family." We also read that when the Earl Strongbow was dying, he acknowledged that he saw Saint Bridget of Ivildare coming over him in his bed, and that she struck him in the foot, on which she inflicted a wound, which afterwards mortified and caused liis death. These and several similar instances would almost induce one to believe that the writer of this story intended his readers to understand that these saints were only spiritually present ; but still it is certain, from the manner in which he speaks, that he supposed these saints to have been living at the period to which he refers. 328 NOTE C. See pages ^■i-^z. Pedigree of Congal, King op Ulidia. 1. Kudhraighe Mor, monarch of Ireland, A. JI. 3846, and ancestor of the Clanna Kudhraighe. 2. Ginge. Í3. Caipe. 4. Fiacha. 5. Cas.' I 6. Amergin. 7. Conall Cearnach See Annals of Tighernach at A. D. 33. 8. Irial Glunmhar, king of Uladh, or Ulster, for forty years. — See Tighernach, ad ann. 42-82. 9. Fiaclia Finamhnuis, king of Ulster for twenty years. — Ann. Tig. ad ann. 82. 10. Muiredhach. 11. Finnchadh. 12. Dunchadh. 13. Gialichadh. 14. Catli'bhadh. 15. Rochraidhe. 16. Mai, monarch of Ireland for four years, and king of Ulster for thirty-five years. — See p. 329. 17. Ferb. 18. Bresal. 19. Tibraide Tireach, king of Ulster for thirty years Tighernach, ad ann. 181. 20. Fergus Gailine. 21. Aengus Gaibhnén, king of Ulster for fifteen years Tighernach, ad ann. 222. 22. Fiacha Araidhe, ancestor of the Dal Araidhe, and king of Ulster for ten years lb. ad ann. 23tí. 23. Cas.' 24. Feidhlini, king of LHster for seven years. I 25. Imchadh, king of Ulster for eight years. 26. Ros, king of Ulster for two yejirs Tighernach, ad ann. 248. 27. Lugiiaidh. 28. Eochaidh Coliha. I 29. Crunnbadhruighe, king of Ulster for twenty-two years. 30. Caelbadh, king of Ulidia for fifteen years, and monarch of Ireland for one year, slain A. D. 358. 31. Connla, who was cotemporary with St. Patrick. 32. Fothadh. 33. Maine. 34. Connla. 35. Eochaidh, king of Ulidia for twenty years, died in the year 553, — Ann. Tig. 36. Baedan. I 37. Fiachna Lurgan, also called Fiachna Finn. I —, 1 38. Scannlan of the Broad Shield. Cellach. Mongan, slain in 625. 39. Congal, who fought the Battle of Magh Rath against the monarch Domhnall in 637. 329 List of the Kings of Ulster who dwelt at Emania, extracted from the Annals of Tighernach, as published by Dr. O'Conor. 1. Cimbaeth Mac Fintain, eighteen years, ante Christum, 305. 2. Eocliaidli Faebhur, son of Fedach, twenty years A. C. 247. 3. Couchobhar Roth, son of Cathair, thirty years A. C. 204. 4. Fiachna, son of Feidhlim, sixteen years A. C. 179. 5. Daire, son of Forgo, seventy-two years A. C. 116. 6. Euda, son of Eochadh, five years A. C. 92. 7. Fiach, son of Fadhcon, twelve years A. C. 89. 8. Finnchadh, son of Baicedh, twelve years. 9. Couchobhar Mael, son of Fuith, twelve years A. C. 63. 10. Cormac, son of Lactighe, seventeen years A. C. 48. 1 1. Mochta, son of Murchuradh, three years A. C. 47. 1 2. Eochaidh, son of Daire, three years A. C. 44. 13. Eochaidh, son of Loich, three years. 14. Fergus, son of Leide, twelve years A. C. 31. 15. Conohobhar Mao Nessa, sixty years A. C. 25, obiit A. D. 37. 16. Cumscrach, son of Conchobhar, three years. 17. Glaisne, son of Conchobhar, nine years. 1 8. Irial Glunmhar, the son of ConaU Cearnach, forty years A. D. 44. 19. Fiacha Finamhnuis, son of Irial Ghinmhar, twenty years, slain A. D. 82. 20. Fiataoh Finu, twenty-six years A. D. 108. 21. Elim Mac Conraoh, ten years A. D. 128. 22. Mai Mao Eochraidlie, thirty-three years A. D. 135. 23. Bresal Mac Briuin, nineteen years A. D. 162. 24. Tibraide Tireach, thirty years A. D. 181. 25. Ogaman, son of Fiatach Finn, twelve years A. D. 21 1. 26. Aengus Gaibhnen, fifteen years A. D. 222. 27. Fiacha Araidhe, ten years A. D. 236. 28. Fergus Duibhdedach and his brothers, four years A. D. 248. 29. Eos Mac Imchadha, one year [or two, according to other authorities] A. D. 249. 30. Aengus Fmn, son of Fergus Duibhdedach, one year, 250. 31. Fergus Fogha, the last full king of Ulster, who resided at Emania seventy-five years, 254 A. D., slain 332. IRISH AECH. SOC. 6. 2 U List of the Kings of Ulidia, or nominal Kings of Ulster, from the Destruc- tion OF Emania in 333, to Congal, who was slain in the Battle of Magh Rath, taken from Duald Mac Firbis's Genealogical Book, p. 528. These kings, as before observed, tliougli called by the Irish writers kiags of Uladh or Ulster, possessed only that part of the province extending from Newry to Slemmish, in the county of Antrim, and from Gleann Eighe and the Bann to the sea. On this subject O' Flaherty has written the following observation in his Ogygia, Part III. c. 78, p. 372 : — " Quamvis autem apud scriptores patrios sic eos vocare moris sit, titulo tenus solum ita appellandi sunt, postquam ab OrgiellÍEe conditoribus, et non ita diu postea a Nielli Magni regis Hiberniae filiis universa fere Ultonia manu potenti esset subacta : Rudricia gente, ac Dalfiatachia (Herimonis quidem é sobole, sed Rudriciis a multis sseculis inserta) intra unius pene comitatus Dunensis terminos, quam prisci Ulidiam dixerunt, conclusis. Hinc igitur hujus ditionis principes non Ultonia;, sed Ulidise reges discriminis ergo in posterum dicemus. In qua ditione pauci e Rudriciis rerum summa potiti sunt pr» Dalfiatachiis, qui eam ad ingressum istuc Anglorum, Anno 1 177, tenuerunt, sicut pauci é Dalfiatachiis reges Ultoniae erant pr» Rudriciis ante excidium Emanice." 1. Eochaidh, son of Lughaidh, son of Aengus Finn, king of Ulidia twenty years. 2. Crunnbadhruighe, twenty years. 3. Fraechar, son of Crunnbadhruighe, ten years. 4. Fergus, son of Fraechar, forty years. 5. Caelbadh, son of Crunnbadhruighe, fifteen years. He was slain in the year 361, according to the Annals of Innisfallen. 6. Saran, son of Caelbadh, twenty-six years. 7. Eochaidh, son of Muiredhaoh Muinderg, twenty-four years. 8. Cairell, son of Muiredhach Muinderg, twenty-three years. He flourished in the year 508 according to the Annals of Tighernach. 9. Eochaidh, son of Connla, twenty years. He died in the year 553 according to the Annals of Tighernach. I o. Fergus, son of Aengus, son of Oilill, son of Forgo, four years. He is mentioned in the Annals of Tighernach at the year 554. 1 1. Deman, son of CaireU, four years. He died in the year 571 according to the An- nals of Ulster. 12. Baedan, son of Cairell, twenty years. He died in the year 581 according to tlie Annals of Tighernach. He made an attempt at recovering the ancient palace of Emania in 578, but was repulsed by the Clann CoUa. 331 13- Aedh Dubh, son of Sulblme, seven years. He was slain, according to the Annals of Tighernacli, in the year 588. 1 4. Fiacha Craicli, son of Baedan, son of Cairell, tliirty years. He was slain by tlie Picts in 608. 15. Fiachna, son of Deman, son of Cairell, two years. Pie fled from the Battle of Cuil Gael in 601, according to the Annals of Ulster, and was slain in the Battle of Ardcoran, in Dal Riada, in the year 627. 1 6. Congal Claen, son of Scannlan of the Broad shield, was king of Ulidia ten years, when he was slain in the Battle of Magh Rath. NOTE D. See pages 108 and 109. The ancient Division of Time. The smaller divisions of time here given have long fallen into disuse. They are to be found, however, in many of the ancient writers on technical chronology. In Bede's works (torn. i. col. 117. Basil, 1563) there is a tract entitled De Divisi- onibus temporum, written in the form of a dialogue between a master and his disciple, in which the fourteen divisions of time are thus enumerated — " Atomus, momentum, minutum, punctus, hora, quadrans, dies, hebdomada, mensis, vicissitudo tritbrmis, annus, cyclus, setas, seculum, mundus :" and for this the authority of Isidorus [His- palensis] " in Libro Etymologiarum quinto et decimo tertio" is cited. — See the works of Isidore, edited by Fr. Jac. de Breul. Fol. Col. Agrip. 161 7, Lib. v. c. 29, and Lib. xiii. c. 29. There is also a dialogue De Comjmto, attributed to Rhabanus, abbot of Fulda, who flourished in the ninth century, published by Baluze, Miscellan. Sacr. tom. i. p. i, 8vo. Paris, 1678, or tom. ii. p. 62, of the folio edition, edited byMansi; Luca;. 1761. In this work the divisions of time are thus given : — " Discipulus. Divisiones temporis quot sunt ? Magister. Quatuordecim. Disc. Qua? ? Mag. Atomus, ostentum, momen- tum, partes, minutum, punctus, hora, quadrans, dies, mensis, vicissitudo, annus, secu- lum, íEtas." In the definitions, however, of the relative magnitudes oí' tliese parts of time Bede and Rhabanus differ both from each other and from our author. Beds (coL 119) thus explains the origin of the atom: — "Momentum dividis in duodecim partes, unamquamque partem de duodecim partibus momeuti dividis in qua- draginta septem partes, quadragesima septima pars, quingentesima sexagesima pars momentL Sic est atomus in tempore. Si auteni colligis simul quadraginta septem duodecies invenies quingentos sexaginta quatuor atomos." That is to say, a moment contains 12 X 47 = 564 atoms. 2 U2 He defines a moment to be the space of time " quamdiu palpebrffi requiescunt," and he tells us that four moments make a minute, ten minutes a point ; five lunar, or four solar points an hour ; six hours a quadrant ; four quadrants a day. With Rhabanus, an atom is the 376th part of an ostentum : an ostentum is the sixtieth part of an hour : a moment the fortieth part of an hour, containing one osten- tum and an half, or 564 atoms. A part, so called " a partitione circuli zodiaci, quern tricenis diebus per menses singulos findunt," contains two moments and two-thirds, or four ostents, and therefore 1504 atoms. A minute, " a minore intervallo, quasi minus momentum, quia minus numerat, quod majus implet," is the tenth part of an hour, and is therefore equivalent to a part and a half, or four moments, i. e. six ostents, or 2256 atoms. A point (^punclus) " a pai-vo puncti transcensu qui fit in horologio," is the fourth part of an hour (in certain lunar computations the fifth), and contains two and a half minutes, three and three-fourth parts, ten moments, fifteen astents, and 5640 atoms. So that an hour, in the solar computation, contains four points, ten minutes, fifteen parts, forty moments, sixty ostents, and 22,560 atoms. The quadrant is the fourth part of a day, and a day contains, therefore, twenty- four hours, ninety-six points, 240 minutes, 360 parts, 960 moments, 1440 ostents, and 541,440 atoms. According to the Irish author the atom is the 376th part of an ostent ; an ostent two-thirds of a bratha ; a bratha three-fifths of a part ; a part two-thirds of a minute ; a minute two-fifths of a point ; a point one-fourth of an hour ; an hour one-sixth of a quarter ; and a quarter the fourth part of a day. So that the day contains four quarters, twenty-four hours, ninety-six points, 240 minutes ; 360 parts ; 600 brathas ; 900 ostents, and 338,400 atoms. Upon a comparison of these tables it will be seen that the atom of Rliabanus is five times, and the Irish atom eight times the atom of Bede. It appears also that the bratha of the Irish author is in like manner eight times the momentum of Bede, which identifies these divisions, the Irish atom being the 564th part of the bratha, as the atom of Bede is the 564th part of the momentum. The Irish word bpara, therefore, appears to have relation to Bede's definition of a moment, quamdiu palpebrce requiescunt; bpaca, bpacpa, or bpapa na pula, "the twinkling of an eye," is a phrase still in common use in the south of Ireland: although it is now more generally pronounced ppeabcio na pula, the starting of an eye ; na bi pneaba na pula niuic, " do not be the twinkling of an eye away." This is stated on the authority of Mr. Eugene Curry, who has furnished the following example from an 3^3 ancient romance, entitled " The Wanderings of Maelduin's Canoe," copies of wliicli are preserved in the Leabhar na h-Uidlire, and in a vellum IMS. in the Library of Trinity College, (H. 2. 1 6.) poceipoac app lappein hini muip naiU copmail ppi nél, ocup an onp leo-peoiii nip paelpao pein nac in cupac co n-acacap lappain po'n muip porib cmnip oúine cumcacca ocup cip úlaino, ocup cir ciac anmanna mop n-uurmap, bicipcuioe h-i cpuno uno, ocup cum D'almaim ocup moilib immon cpcino im mc(cuaipD, ocup petip CO n-a upm In puppuo \n cpamo co pcicic, ocup jai, ocup claioiub. Qmciil ur conncupcpeoe in n-anmanna mop uc boi ip in cpuno, céic app pop ceceo pci cecoip. Sinip in c-aiimanna a bpajic uao ap in cpuno, ocup pupmio u ceno i n-opuim in Daim ha mo oo'no almui, ocup ppenjaip luip ip in cpano, ocup nop iceno po céróip ppia bparao pula. " They then turn away (from that island) into another sea, which was like unto a cloud, and they scarcely had turned oiF, as they thought, when they saw in the sea under them fortified mansions and a fine country ; and they perceived a great terrific serpentine animal in a tree there, and a Hock of cattle, large and small, around the tree, and an armed man near the tree, with a shield, spear, and sword. When they saw the great monster in the tree they immediately retreated away. The monster stretched forth his neck out of the tree, and darting his head into the back of the largest ox of the herd, dragged him into the tree, and immediately devoured liim in the twinklinc/ of an eye." The dictionaries do not give the word bpara in any of the foregoing forms : Imt we find bpeab and ppeab, a bounce, a start. Armstrong, in his Gaelic Dictionary, has the word ppctb-puil, a blear eye, a rheumy eye : also ppiob and ppiobaó, a wink or twinkle of the eye. These words are probably of cognate origin. It may be observed, that in the system of the Irish author the ostent and the bra- tha are together equal to a part, or the fifteenth of an hour ; and that the ostent is equal to 376 atoms, as in the system of Ehabanus, although the value of tlie atom itself diifers, the Irish atom being eight-fifths of the atom of Rhabanus. It is likewise remarkable that the bratha of the Irish author, like the moment of Ehabanus, is equal to one ostentum and an half; thereby again identifying the bratha with the moment. Bede makes no mention of the Ostentum in the work which has been above quoted : but in another treatise, De temporum ratione, cap. ii., he attributes its origin to astro- logical speculations, and speaks of it thus : — " Attamen Mathematici in explorandis hominum genitivis, ad atomum usque pervenire contendtmt, dum Zodiacum circulum in xii. signa, signa singula in partes xxx., partes item singulas in punctos xii., punctos 334 singulos in momenta xL, momenta singula in ostenta Ix., distribuunt, nt considerata diligentius positione stellarum, fatum ejus qui nascitur quasi absque errors deprehen- datur." — (0pp. tom. ii. p. 53.) See also the Gloss of Bridefurtus Eamesiensis on this Treatise of Bcde. The following Table, exhibiting the several subdivisions of time, in parts of an hour, as they are given by our autlior, bj' Rabanus, and by Bede, may be convenient to the reader. Irish. Rhabanus. Bede. An atom, An ostent, A bratha, A moment, A part, A minute, A point, An hour, A quarter, TTTou 7T 1 .2 5 1 T5 1 To \ 1 6 1 ■2 2 5 6 «-V tV tV tV 1 1 6 TTSfftyo 1 2U0 t To 1 6 335 NOTE E. See pages gt) and 1 6^. Genealogical Table, showing the Descent of O'Canannan, O'Muldory, and Mac gillafinnen, now leonard. N, B The Letters B. H. signify Rex Hibernia, in this Table. The Numbers are continuetl from Note A. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. Niall of the Nine Hostages, monarch of Conall Gulban, slain A. D. 464. I Fergus Cennfota. Ireland.— See Note A, No. 31. Sedna. I Ainmire, R. H. I Aedh, R. H. Dnmhnall. R. II.. I of Magh Ralh. Feidhlim. I Saint Columbkill. bom in .519, died in 590. I hero of the Rattle Tine. Columb. I Aedh. Aengus. Loingseach, prince of Tirconnell in 670, I and afterwards monarch of Ireland from 095 to 704. 4n. Klaithbhertacb, R. H. from 727 to 771. Ronan. I St. Adamnan, 9th Abbot of lona, bom A. D. 624. Loingsech, slain 749. His descendants can. not be traced. I Diarmaid. Gilla Coluim, prince of 1 Tirconnell, died 975. RuaidriMor,slainl030. History is silent about his descen- dants. I 41. Aedh Muinderg. 42. Domhnall Ceiric. I 43. Loingsech. 44. Flaithbhertach. I 4.'). Canannan, ancestor of the O'Can- 1 annains. Maelfabhaill. Cuileon O'Canannain. Loingsech O'C. Flaithbhertach O'C.. prince of Tircon- I nell, died 999. Ruaidhri, prince of Tirconnell, slain I 1071. Domhnall, prince of Tirconnell, slain I 10S3. Donnchadh O'Canannain. His line disappeared from history in the twelfth century. Murchadh. Maelbresail, prince of Tirccnnell, slain in 817. I Aengus. Maeldoraidh, ancestor of O'Muldory. Maelbresail, prince of Tirconnell, slain 890. His brother Fogartach 1 died in 899. Aengus O'Muldorj-, prince of Tirconnell, slain 960. MuircherUch O'Muldory, slain 1029. Criochan O'M. Gilla-ColumbO'M. Niall O'M, princeof I Tirconnell, died 1059. . Flaithbhertach O'Muldory. His descendants cannot be traced. 48. Jlaelruanaidh Mor. 49. Gilla-Finnen, progenitor of Mac Gilla- 1 Finnen, now Leonard. 60. alac-Raith. 1 51. Gilla-Patruic. 52. Conchobhar Dall. .53. Domhnall, died 1281. 54. William Meith, slain 1321. Fergal. I Aengus. ( Brian, died 1445. Toirdhelbach, died 1 492, according to the Four Masters. 65. Raghnall, or Randal. 50. HenryCrossach. 57. Toirdhealbhach. 58. Donnchadh, 1429. 59. Lochlainn Mor. 60. Lochlainn Oge. CI. Brian Dorcha. 62. John Mac Gilla Finnen, flourished about the year 1012. The present repre- sentative of this family, which is OTie of the most royal in Ireland, is un- known. 336 NOTE F. See page 99. Table showing the Descent of O'Donnell, O'Gallaghee, O'Doherty, and O'Boyle. 34. Sedna — See Note E, No. 34. I . 35. Ainmire, R. H. from 508 to 35. Lughaidh. ancestor of the 571. 1 Cinel Luighdheach. 36. Aedh, E. H. from 572 to 599. 36. Ronan. 1 37. Maelcobha, R. H. from 612 to 37. Garbh. 615. He was the eldest 38. Cennfafcladh. son of the monarch Aedh. 38. Cellach, R. H. írom642 to 654. 39. Domhnall. Fiaman. Maengal. 39. 40. Muirchertach. Dalach, youngest son. Bradagan. j 1 1 died in 868. 1 40. Donnchadh. 1 Dochartach, progemtor Baighell, progenitor of 1 of O'Doherty. 41. Eignechan, died in 901. O'Boyle. 41. Ruaidhri. 42. Ruarcan. Macnghal. 42. Domhnall Mor, progenitor 1 of the O'Donnells. Garbhan. 1 1 Donnchadh O'D. 43. r'flihhViarr Aindiles O'Boyle. 43. Gallchohhar, ancestor of 1 ^'Ckl.11 U11U4 ± • I„ . 1 O'Gallagher. Maenghal O'D. 44. Gilla-ChristO'D.diedl038. GiUa-Brighde O'B. 44. Maghnus. Domhnall O'D. 1 45. Cathbharr O'Donnell. Cellach O'B. 1 1 45. Donnchadh O'Gallagher. Donnchadh Donn O'D. 1 46. Conn O'Donnell. Conchobhar O'B. 1 1 46. Amhlaoibh O'G. Domhnall Finn O'D. 1 47. Tadhg O'DonneU. Mcnman O'B. 1 47. Domhnall O'G. Conchobhar O'D. 1 48. Aedh O'DonneU. A ndiles O'B. 1 1 48. Diarmaid O'G. Diarmaid O'D. 1 49. Domhnall O'DonneU. Aedh O'B. 1 1 49. Aedh O'G. Muirchertach O'D. 1 50. Donnchadh O'DonneU. Menman O'B. 1 50. Maelruanaidh O'G. Aengus O'D. 1 51. Eignechan, died 1205. NiaU Ruadh O'B. 1 51. Nichol O'G. Ruaidhri O'D. 1 52. DomhnaU Mor, died 1213. Toirdhelbhach Mor. 1 .52. Donnchadh O'G. Domhnall O'D. 1 .53. DomhnaU Og, died 1204. ToiriUielbach Og. .53. Fergal O'G. Conchobhar O'D. 54. Aedh, 1333. NiaU O'B. 1 .54. Aedh O'G. Aendiles O'D. I 55. NiaU Garbh, 1348. Toirdhelbhach O'B. 1 55. Gilla-Coimhde O'G. DomhnaU, died 1342. 1 56. Toirdhelbhach an Fhiona, Tadhg O'B. 1 56. Nichol O'G. John O'D., sued. 1342. 1 1 1415. NiaU Garbh, 1437. 1 Tadhg Oge. 57. John O'G. Domhnall Og, 1 died 1374. Conchobhar an einigh 57. Toirdhelbhach Ruadh 1 O'D., died 1413. 58. Aedh Ruadh, 1505. O'Boyle, chief of Boy- lagh, in the present / 1 1 1 jochlainn. OS. Donnchadh. 58. Aedh OG. Domhnall. died 1440. 59. Aedh Dubh, 1537. county of Donegal. Bisbop of Baphoc. 59- 1 Tuathal. 1 Edmond, 59. Ruaidhri O'G. 00. John O'G. Brian Dubh, died 1496. Conchobhar Carrach, 60. 61. Maglmus, 1563. d.l«.. ^ Aedh, died 1600. 61. Calbhach, died 1566. chief, d.1.534. Gl. Tuathal Balbh, chief, d 1541. died 1516. 62. Aedh Ruadh. fled to Spain 02. Conn, died 1583. 61. Eoghan. 62. Sir John O'G. Feidhlim O'D. 1 where he died in the year 10112. His brother Rory 03. Sir NiaU Garbh, d.l626. chief, d.l560. 63. Ca'thaoir O'G., 1.575. John O'D., died 1582. . ,.1 „ r..^ was created F.arl of Tir- connell by King James I. 64. Col. Manus, slain 1646. 1 62. 63. 64. Art, a. 1590. 1 Eoghan. 1 Aedh. 64. Tuathal O'Gallagher. John Oge O'D. Sir Cahir O'Doherty, slain A. D. 1608. He was the most power- fiU, but not the senior representative of ConaU Gulban. 1 65. Roper, or Ruaidhri, m, 1 Margaret Sheile. CO. Col. Manus, slain 1736. 1 65. 1 Art. 1 67. Hugh More. 68. SirNeal Garbh, d. 1811. 66. Aedh Og was living in the 1 latter part of the seven- 69. Sir Neal Beag. teenth century, and was 1 the senior representative 70. Sir Richard Annesley of the raa i of Conall O'Donnell, the pre- Gulban. sent chief of this line. 337 The following Notices of the Principality op Tirconnell, translated from THE Annals of the Four Masters, will show that the O'Donnells had lit- tle Sway in Tirconnell till after the arrival of the English in Ireland. 641. Maelbresail and Maelanfaidli died, and Flann Eanaigh was mortally wounded. These were of the race of Conall Gulban. 670. Dungal, sou of Maeltuile, chief of Cinel Boghaine, was slain by Loingsech, the son of Aengus, chief of Cinel Conaill. 762. I\Iurchadh, the son of Flaithbhertach, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain. 749. Loingsech, son of Flaithbhertach, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 8 1 7. Maelbresail, son of Murchadh, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain by Murchadh, son of Maelduiu. 868. Dalach, son of Muirchertach, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain. [He was the first person of the O'Donnell line who obtained chief sway in the territory. See A. D. 901]. 896. JIaelbresail, son of Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain in the battle of Sailtin by Murchadh, son of Maelduin, lord of Cinel Eoghain. 899. Fogartach, son of Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, fell on his own spear, and died in consequence of it. 901. Eignechan, son of Dalach, son of Muirchertach, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. [He was also of the line of the O'Donnells]. 955. Maolcoluim O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 960. Aengus O'Maeldoraidli, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain by the Cinel Conaill themselves. 962. Murchertach O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain by his own people. 965. Maoiliosa O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain. 974. GiUa-Coluim O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, went on a predatory excursion into Oifaly. In the next year he was slain by Domhnall O'Neill, monarch of Ireland. 978. Tighernan O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, ivas slain. 989. Aedh O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 996. Ruaidliri, son of NiaU O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 999. Flaithbhertach O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain by his own people. loio. Maelruauaidh O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, was captured by Brian Boru. 1026. Maelruanaidli O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, went over sea on a pilgri- mage, and died on his pilgrimage the next year. 1029. Muirchertach O'Maeldoraidh, was slain by theO'Canannaius at Eath-Canannain. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 X 11« 1030. Ruaidhri O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain at the Mudliorn [now the river Mourne, near LifiFord] by Aedh O'Neill. 1045. Flaithbhertach O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 1059. Niall O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, died penitently. 1 07 1 . Euaidliri O'Canannain, lord of Cinel ConaUl, was slain by Aengus O'Maeldoraidli. 1075. Donnchadh O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain. 1083. Domhnall O'Canannain, lord of Cinel ConaUl, was slain by his own people. 1 085. Murchadh O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, tower of the magnificence, hos- pitality, and valour of the north, died. 1093. Aedh O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was blinded by Domhnall O'Loughlin, king of Ailech. 1 135. Ruaidhri O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, a warlike tower of defence, chari- table, and humane, was slain by the men of Magh Itha [Barony of Eaphoe]. 1153. Flaithbhertach O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was drowned, with his wife Duvcola, the daughter of Turlogh O'Conor, monarch of Ireland. 1 156. Aedh, son of Rory O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain by O'Kane. 1 160. Two O'Maeldoraidhs were treacherously slain by the Aithcleirech O'Canannain, lord of Cinel ConaiU, and the same Aithcleirech and two O'Canannains were slain in revenge by the Cinel Conaill. 1 1 65, Maghnus O'Canannain, lord of Cinel Conaill, died. 1 172. O'Maeldoraidh was defeated by the Cinel Eoghain. 1 1 84. The monastery of Assaroe [Eas Euaidh], was founded by Flaithbhertach O'Maeldoraidh. 1 197. Flaithbhertach O'Maeldoraidh, lord of Cinel Conaill, Cinel Eoghain, and Oriel, defender of Temur, heir presumptive to the crown of Ireland, a second Conall in valour, another Cuchullin in feats of arms, another Guaire in hospitality, and another Mac Lughach in heroism, died on Inis Samhaoir [now Fish Island, in the river Erne, close to the cataract of Assaroe], on the second day of Febru- ary, in the thirtieth year of his reign, and fifty-ninth of his age. Immediately after his death, Eachmarcach O'Doherty assumed the chieftainship of Cinel- Conaill, but was slain a fortnight after his inauguration by John De Courcey. 1200. Eigneachan O'Donnell was lord of Cinel Conaill. 1 207. Eigneachan O'Donnell, lord of Cinel Conaill, was slain. NOTE G. Seepage 122. O'Farrell, in his Linea Antiqua, and M. Laine, Genealogist to Charles X., in his pedigree of Count Mac Carthy, have taken many liberties with the ancient Irish autho- rities in giving the descent of the Munster families. M. Laine actually falsifies his autho- rities, and O'Farrell writes the following very incorrect remark under Lugadins, whom he makes, without any authority, the eldest son of OilioU Flannbeg, king of Munster, and fourth in descent from OilioU Olum, the ancestor of all the nobility of Munster of the Heberian race : "Lugadius, king of Munster, for three years, had ai/oimger brother, Darius Cearb, ancestor to O'Donovan, O'Cuilen of Carbery, &c., and to Criomthan Mor, king of Dalrieda, in Scotland, from whom descended many fandlies there. This Lugad had two sons by a second wife, viz., Lughach, from whom the territory of Lughach-Eile is so called ; and Cobhtbach, a quo O'Cobhthay, of Cuil-feadha." But O'Flaherty, who is a far better authority than O'Farrell, agrees with the most authentic Irish MSS. in making Lugadius, not the first, but the third son of OlioU Flannbeg ; and in making Crimthann Mor, not King of Dalrieda in Scotland, but mo- narch of all Ireland. His words are as follows : '■'■ Anno 366. Crimthannus filius Fidachi Heberio é semine Achaio Mogmedonio sororio suo Temoria; extremum diem quiete claudenti substituitur Eex HiberniiE annis tredecim. Transmarinis expeditionibus in Gallia, & Britannia memorabilis erat : uxo- rem habuit Fidengam é regie ConnactÍEe stemmate, sed nullam sobolem reliquit. " Crimthanni regis abaviis Fiachus Latus vertex rex Momonice duos Olillos genuit Flannmor & Flannbeg cognominibus distinctos. Ohllus Flannmor rex Momonia; sobolis expers Olillum Flannbeg fratrem adoptavit. Olillo Flannbeg regi Momonise supererant Achaius rex Momonias, Darius Kearb, ex quo O'Donnawan, Lugadius & Eugenius. " Darius Kearb pra?ter Fidachimi Crimthanni regis, & Mougtínna; regin» IIibernia> patrem genuit Fiachum Figente, & Achaium Liathanach, ex quo Hyliathan in agro Corcagiensi. Fiacho Figente nomen, & originem debet Hy Figenta regio olim variis principibus Celebris in media Momonia3 planicie usque ad medium montis Luachra in Kierrigia ad Australem Sinanni Huminis ripam ; licet hodie hoc nomine vix nota, sed Limericensis oomitatus planities appeUata." — Ogt/gia, pp. 380, 381. There can be no doubt that O'Flaherty is perfectly correct in making Crimthann Mor mac Fidaigh monarch of all Ireland, as his name is found in all the ancient lists of the Irish monarchs, and as it is stated in Cormac's Glossary, under the word ITIoj Gime, that he also extended his dominion over North Britain and Wales, where he established colonies, and where many places received names from his people. The passage, which is one of the most curious and important in Irish history, runs as follows : In can po ba mop nepc na n-^aeoal pop 6pernaiB, po panopac Qlbam ecappu 1 pepanoup : ocup po picip các oupciip oia capaic leo, ocup ni ba U'ljae no rpeboulp ^aeód ppia muip anaip quam in Scocica, ocup do ponca a n-ápapa ocup u pij;- DÚince ano ; inoe oicicup tDino cpaoui, .1. Cpeoui Cpiriiraino ITloip, mic pióui^, pi Gpeno, ocup Qlban, ocupcomuip n-lcc; ec inoe epc 5'''3r^"^^'r '^'^ m-5<-"=duI, .1. 2 X 2 340 Cell mop f op tpu niapa n-lcc yc. Ocup ip Do'n poino pin Bep a ca tJino mtip i-erain i cipib 6pecan Copn, .1. t)un mic 6iarain ; ap ip mac in ni ip map ip m 6pecnaip. Ocup po bc'icap po'n cumacc pin co cianaiB lap ciaccain parpnic. t)e pin, cpa, po Koi Coipppe niupc ac araijió paip co a rhuincip ocup co a caipoe. " At the time that the sway of the Gaels was great over the Britons, they divided Albion between them in holdings, and each knew the habitations of his friends ; and the Gaels did not carry on less agriculture on the east of the sea (channel) than at home in Scotica, and they erected habitations and regal forts there : inde dicitur Uinn Tra- dui, i. e. the triple-fossed fort of Crimthann Mor Mac Fidhaigh, king of Erin, Alba, and as far as the Icciau sea ; et inde est Glastimber na n-Gaedhal [Glastonbury of the Gaels], a large church, which is on the brink of the Iccian sea, &c. And it was at the time of this division also that Dinn Map Lethain, in British Cornwall, received its name, i. e. Dun mic Liathain ; for »2«/), in the British, is the same as mac. And they continued in this power for a long time after the arrival of St. Patrick. It was at this time Coirpre Muse was dwelling in the east with his family and friends," &c. Eochaidh, the first son of Olioll Flannbeg, left no issue, and the line of Fidach, tlie eldest son of Daire Cearb, became extinct in Crimthann Mor, who succeeded as monarch of Ireland in the year 366. On failure of issue in the line of Fidach, the next heir, according to the law of primogeniture, was, in the line of Fiacha Figeinte, the second son of Daire Cearb ; and tracing this line, according to the evidence of the ancient genealogical Irish MSS., we find it represented in the tenth century by Donovan, son of Cathal, chief of Hy-Figeinte, who was slain in a pitched battle, and his allies, the Danes of JIunster, slaughtered by the renowned Brian Boru, in the year 977. But after the death of the monarch Crimthann IMor Mac Fidaigh, this line was sup- pressed by the more powerful sept of the Dal Cais, and also by the race of Lughaidli, ancestor of the Mac Carthys, and was never after able to regain the sovereignty of Munster; but they retained Bruree, the seat of their great ancestor Olioll Olum, and the most fertile territory in all Ireland, which, from respect to their high descent, they were permitted to possess free of tribute. O'Heerin refers to this fact in liis topographical poem, in the following lines : tDual d' O' OonnoBáin tDúm Cuipc Qn c!p-pi, 'na dp lonjpuipc; 6a leip gan ciop po'n múij moill, Ip na cláip p!op 50 Sionoinn. " Hereditary to O'Donovan of the Fort of Core (i. e. Bruree) Was this land, as a land of encampment ; He possessed without tribute, the lands along the sluggish i-iver Maigue, And the plains down to the Shannon." GENEALOGICAL TABLE, (COMPILED FROM THE BOOKS OF LEACAN, MAC FIRBIS, AND THE lUISil ANNALISTS), SHOWraO THE DESCENT OF THE PRINCIPAL FAMILIES SPRUNG FROM OLIOLL OLUM(a), KING OF MUNSTER. N. B._K. M. signifies King of Muniter in this Table, K. U. King of Denmond, and K. T. King of Thomond. I. OLIOLL OLl'M, kingof Munslcr.d. A. D.33t. Aonal, Qua 3. Eoctuui Mot, sUin A.D. 250. 3. Fuch« Muillotlita, K. M. St». 4. OlioU tlannbis, K. M. . D&ÍTi' Ctarb. I . CrimtliBnn Mot was mo- luirch of Inilanil lur ttiiiU.'cnyuirs, Heiuc- cccdcd. A. D. Tim. and dird vithaut iisuc. Uc iTuIhcwnioTrcprescn- tfttin; of OLinLt OtCM and of all the Milesian ncv. and on L- or the most illucUiuiu of the Irish iDoaorchi. ID. Lonan, chief of fij - Figcinte. He waa cursed bySt.PalTick, A.D.t3'J,and hU line be- came cxtincU i. Fiaclia FJijeiiitc, second son, a quo n IFigcinle. He contended for t kingdom of Munster. but n ElniD by Acnguii Tircch. . Brisn, eldest son. I- . Cairhre Aebhdlia, a quo Ily- ICairbrt'i from liLi fourth ma Si.'dna Mac Enii; ú de- scended. I. Ere. — I I. Ccnnfavla. S. Dairc. 9. Fintait. 10. Conall. a quo Hy-Co- naill Gabhra, ances- tor ofO'CoUins and O'Kincal)-. 11. OUell Cconbda. 12. lAipc. 13. Acngus, 1t. AeAh. 15. Cninnmacl. 17. Aedh Hoin. tl. AnU. 19. Brenalnn. 13. Ccfm&da. M. Ncchtiin. 1^. AenguB. Id. Doincannaigh. 17- Ere. Flann, d. 755. f- 19. CenoiaclB, d. ?«7, chief of II. F. lathal. 31. iDRen. 25. Donoisn, saa of Imar, ting of Ibc Danes of Wsterfonl. ■lain in 995. . Uainighe. . Cathal. chief of H. P, «lain at I Croom byCalUghanCaehcl. .. Donovan, iliun977,aquDO*Do. I novon. Ue i) called king of I Hy-Elgcintc. by tlie annol- 'it Tigbtmach. I. Calhal fought al C'tuntarf in I 1014. >. Arolaff O'Donovon. . Murchsdh CD. . Aneflis. or Stoniilnut O'D. i. Randal, or Reginald O'U. in. Scanlan, d. 781. m. DLinadliach,d. 833. 21. ScnnlBD. 'I'l. Flannabhra, 33. CiarniBcan, died 001. Tills line becaine ex- tinct soon after, and the family of O'Cui- leain, now Collins, be- came chiefs of Hy- ConniU Gshhra, now the iKironiea of Conillo, in the county of Lime- . AmlafrMorO'I>,.i>laiiiat KinndKh in 12(H). Ucis calli-d chief of Car berry in the Annalj of Innis- dO'D. 30, Crom O'D., drivpn from the I county of Limerick by the second Boron of Oplialy, and ivas slain in 1354, Itliail, ofngcin 13.^4. 32. Tadhg O'D., chief of his n 39. Diarmaiil O'D., sUin at Lalhach nan-damh.in \b%\, by the celehratttl DonclIO'BUlitanBeare Ann. Quat. Mag. 3Í. Conchobhnr. Conor, or Comc- I liuB O'D. 35. Randal, or Reginald O'D. 3C. Diamald O'D, chief of Cluica* I hill. 37. Tadhg, or Teigc O'D.. chief of I Clancalull. 38. Domhnallnag-CrolccsnnO'D., I chief of all the «epla of hii 'name, died lr,H4. sons.Donnchadh, Wal- ter, Rickard, and Ran- dnl.wlniwerL'thef'iun- dt-rs of four distinct . Dorobnall. or Donell O'D., in- augurated chief of Clancahlll in ISS1, and confirmed In his chieftainship by ibo Lord CtiancelloT, Adam I.«nus. in 1593;dicdinlU3U. Krom this Domhnall the latu Gencml Richard 0'DonovBn,of llDim- Uhan, In the county of Cork, was the fifth in direct dMcent, and the iirvccnt O'Donovnn, of Montpelier, is the seventh. 6. Lughaidh, third s> 6. Core, K, M. i.-Sce Ogygia. p. 3Sl. 7. Cairhre Luachra. tt. M^nc. 9. Duflch larlaithc. 10. Cobhthach. H. Crinithonn. 13- Acdh Bcannan, K. M., from whom the famous family of I) Moriarly. scal- 13. UachIiiiii,who fought at I Uagh Bath, 637, 14. Congal, E. D., slain in 7. Nudfracch, K, M. I lU. JUuTclmdh, d. B02. 31- Calhal O'U., a quo Clann-Cn- 31. AncsUs, ancestorofMac ■-' =' -' - '- Ancslis O'U., of Kil- niucubca. He had four (. Acngus. K. M., Blain 489. I. Fcidhlimidh. I. Criomtbann. I. Acdh Dubh. I !. Failhhc Flann, K. M. 027, I (136. 1. Colga. K. M. mi, d. 667. \. Nadfiacch. b. Facigus. S. Donnghal. 1. Scndgus. ;haL 18. Artgl an. Buadhachan. S3. Donnchadh, 902. 23. Sacrbhrethach, 979. I K. D., I. Cormac Finn, K. D.. d. 1 1215. I. Domhnall Ruadh, K. D., I d. i:iU3. 1. Domhnall Og, K. D., d. 1303. i. Connac. K. D., 1320. h 31 . Lochlainn, b quo Clann I Locldainn. 32, Donnchadh, of Locb I Crot, .W, Cathal O'D. 34. DiarmaidO'D. 35. Donnchadh, or Donogh O'D.. gristt grandfa- ther of Uoncll na Car- ton O'D., of Clogha- tradbally castle, chief of Chmloughlin, vho died in 1580, and An- cestor of RickJird Do- novan, now Clerk of the Crown for the county of Cork, and of Alexander Dono- van, of Kilrush, Ueul. R. N., the present head of the Clanluugldin. 12. Fingin,K,D.GD4, d.fil9. 13. Scnach. 14. Fiaehra. 15- Plann Roba. IG. Duvindrechtscb. 17. Murchadh. le. Echtigcm. 19, Moelugra. 20. Sullivan, a quo O' Sullivan. 9. Eochaidh, K. M., d.,ia3. 10. Ctiombthann Srehh, K. D. 523, n. CairbrcCrom, K. D., d. 577. Í2. Acdh Flonncathrach. 13. Cathal, K. D. GI9, d. (137. 14. Cu Ran mathair, K. M., bora 604, d. G57 33. Murchadh, died I 1014. 34. Domhnall. died I'""- 35. Ccallachan, aquo O'Callaghan [See this line continued, Note B, to ITiVraif t/" Ireland, p. 64.] 3. Domhnull, 1391. t, Tadhg Mainistrech. "i. Domhnall an dona. i, Todhg Liath. i. Cormac Ladhrach. d. 1516. i. Domhnull an Drumaion. ). Dorahnall Mac Carthy, created Earl of Clancarc I in Irish Clann Cartlviig/i) 33. Uiarmaid mor. of Mu»ki!rry [Sec this line conli- nued. Note 11, to Orri«i «/ Irt- land, p, 64j. 15. 1 16. Cattial. d. 742. 15. AileU. K-M. 700. 16, Cormac, slain713. ). Gorman. ). Fiongiiine, K. M., slain 902. [I, Caomh, a quo O'Keefle. 1. Caihal. 2. Donnchadh 0'K„ fl. 942. 3. Acdh O'K. I. Domhnall O'K. Í. Kionguine O'K. 6. Aeih O'K. 7. Fionguinc O'K. H. Machnus OK., slain 1213. 9. Eoahan Finn O'K. 0. Conchobhar O'K. II. ArlO'K- 12. DomhnaU O'K. 13. Art OK. 14. Domhnall O'K. 15. Magbnus O'K. 1(1. An OK. 17. Domhnall O'G. 18. Art O'K,, fl. IS82, 19. Art Og O'K., of age in 1593. 10. Magbnus O'K. 11. Donihnall O'K., the Hemic. 12. Uoiohnall Og O'E., slain at I Aughrun, 1691. 3. Domhnall O'Kcene, went to France in the sLfteenlh year of his age at the head of bis father's company of fool. The liTcsent head of the family is probablf in F»ncc. 10, Acdh Uiirgarbh. 11. Tighernach. 12, Fcidhlimidh, K, D. 13. Fergus. . Bcce. a quo Kinal- 7. Cai. 8. Eochaidh, 9. Crimlhano, ! 10. Lacghaiie. 1 1 AL-dh Cisn'gh, 13. Cairbrc Riastrim. 13. Claircanach. .aky. Fcrdalctbt. H,. Arlgbal. 1». Oilioll Bniga. ly. Cuehoingclt. 20. Conghobhar. '21, CaiDiiadh, 2'2. Spttllan. 23. Ciun. 24. Br^. '25. Maelmualdh, slain 27. Mflthgamhain, the I progenitor of O'Mahony, slain 1014. 38. Brodchu, 11,1073. 29. Cumani O'Mahony. 30. Donnchadh Donn I O'M. 31. CianO'M.slaJnll35, 33, Donnchndh na h- 36. Diarmoid O'M. 37. Fiilghin O'M. 38. Domhnall O'Maho. ny Finn, or the Western O'Ma- hony, 11. 13. Ealaithe, 16. Dunluing, 17. Ainblcithc. 19. Flaithnia, 19. Aengus. 20. Dubhdahhoircnn, K. I M., slain 957. 21. Domhnall, slainl 01 5, He command- ed the forces Clnntarf 3. Cormnc Caj, K. M. 3. Mogh Corb. 4. Fercorb. 5. Acngus Tircch, K. M. 6. Lughaidh Menn, K. M. 7. Conall EaclUuath, K, M. 366. 8. Cas. 2. Cian,anecstorof O'Car. roll J of Ely-O'Car. roll; O' Conor ofGlcn- givcn ; and several oihcT families. 9. Blod, am son, 10. Canhcnn Finn, 439. 11. Eochaidh Ballderg, 12. Conall, 13. Aedh Caemh, K. M., S71.d. I 601. i^athal. 14. Cath: 15, Toirdhdbhach, K. T. 17. Aniuan. I 18. Core, 16. Flannan, Drst Bp. of Killaloe. I O'Donohoe. ■>3. Cathal, d. 1063. 21. Donnchadh O'D. 35. Acngus O'D. 36. Amhiaoibh Mor na Cuimseanna 0'D..5lainllG6, He built the chuTChofAgha- 37. Conchobhar O'D., I slain 1 176, 2«. AedhO'D., d. 1331. 39. Jclfty O'D., slain [ 1352- 30. Conchobhar O'D, 31. DomhnaU O'D. 33. JetTry OD- 33- Ruaidhri O'D, 31, Domhnall O'D. 35. Tadbg O'D. 36. Jeffry OD. .17- Tadhg O'D. 30. Lorcan, S. M. 21. Cinnoidc, K, T. d. 954. 23. Brian Borumha, monarch of I Ireland, a quo O'Brien, slain at Clontarf, A, U. 23. Tadhg murdered 1022. 24. Toirdhelbhach O'B,, monarch I of Ireland, d. 1086. 35. Dlarmaid 0'B„ K. T„ d, I 1120. 26. Toirdhelbhach O'B., K. T., 37. Domhnall Mor O'B., K, T„ I d, 1194. 38. Donnchndh Csirbrcach O'B., I fostered by O'booovan, died 1243. 9. Caism, second son. 10. Cartheinn. 11. Fcrgal, 13. Achluain, 13. Eoghan, 14. Dongal, 15. Artghal. 16. Codcan. 17. Maelcluithe. 18. Sinda an Eieh Biudhc. 10. Eissidha. 30. Eanda. 31. Aodh. 22. Mtanmo, died 1014. 33. Domhnall. 9. Aengua Chmuthnich, I lUUi sun. 10. Rcttii. 13. Dima. 13- Sleibhin. 14. Cu-allt». 15. Fearmac- 16. Fcrciagedh. 17. Flann ScribaU. 18. Fbnnchadh. 19. Dubhsalsch. SO. Donn. 21, Domlmall. 33. D(9ighnidh, 3. Aengus Cínn-aitínn. 10, Conall. 11. Colman. 13. Gemdelach. 13. Cilin, or Cuilin. 14. Abartuh. 15. Core. 16. Ifcman, a quo Clann itfemiin- — 8ee OsyGU»! Part iii, c 17. Faelchadh. 18. Conligan. I'Dea, chief 'inealFearmíuc, Ttioniund. 30. Tadhg Caeluisge O'B,, d. I 1255. 31. Toirdlicalbhach O'B. ,d. 1306. 32. Muirchciirteach 0'B.,d. 1333, 33. MalhghamhainO'B..d. 1367. 34. Brian Cathn on AonaighO'It., I d. 1406. 35. Toirdhelbhach O'B.. d. 1460. 36. Tadhg O'B., d. 1468. 37. Toirdhelbhach O'B,, d. 1528. 2.'j. Domhnall MacN.,d.l099. 2(j, CumaTaMacN.,stainll35. 27- NiaU Mac N. 28. Cu-mcadha Mor Mac N., I slain 1197. 39. Lochlflinn Mac N. 30. Mai-con Mac N, 31. Cu-mcadha Mac N, . 33. !klac-con Mac N. 33. SiodaCaroMacN-,d.l444 34. Mac-COD Mac N. 35. John Mac N. 36. Cumara Mac N. 37 . Cu-mcadha Mac N. 3«. TaÁhg Mac N, d, 1571. 33. Donnchadh, 24. Aichct O'Dea. 25. Gillagoiri O'D. 36. Mulreailhach O'D. 37- Flaithbhertaeh O'D, 38. I.ochtainn O'D. 29. FlBithbcrioeh Finn O'D,, I slain 1151, m. Oillainliulc OU, 31. RuaidlinO'D, .12. Donnchadh 0'D..aUin. 33. Domlmall O'D. 34. Conchobhnr O'D.. who I i1cwDeClaruinl318. 35. T.iichlainn O'D. 39. John Mac N., I H. 1585. 40. ru-mciidhaMac -tO, Tadhg Mac N. N„ bangcdLW. ^,_ jo,,n MacN, 43, John Mac tt. 43. Francis Mac N. Thomas O'Q. Domhnull O'Q. Thomas OgO'ti. - Lib,Lec.fol.3l8 0'Clery,p.212. 31. Conn, a quo O'Cuinn, I or O'ííuin, of In- chiquin, chief of I Muintcr Ueniain. 22, Niall.who was hench- man to Murchadh, son of Brian Bo- rumha, in the bat- tle of Clontarf, ui «hich both wore slain. Annal. In- 23. Fcidhlecar O'Quin. 21. Core O'Q.. the tulnr of .Muirchertacli O'Brien, who be- came prince of Tliumondm 1142, 25. Murchadh O'Q. 26. Donncliadh O'Q. 27. Gilla-Scnain O'U. S8. Donnchadll O'lJ. 39. Domhnall O'Q. 30, Thomas O'Q, 31. DomhnaU O'Q. 33- Domhnall O'lí- 33. Conchobhar, or Conor O'Quin.— Sif Duald Mac Firbis'e Gcncol. MS. The Earl of Dunraven is the pre- sent head of this fa- 39. DoiiOgh, second Earl of I Thomond. 40. Conchobbar.thirdEarJ- 41. DoEogh, fojrth Earl. 3tl. Murchadh, created j Earl of Thomond I and Baron of In- j chiqiUn, 1543, y,afth 42. Bryan, ^l^th Esrl- 43. Henry, seventh Earl, 44. Henry Horatio. 45. Henrj-, eighth Earl, d 0. p. 1741. 39, Dcrmod, second Ba- ron of Inchiquln, from whom the Mnrqnis of Tlio- desccnt. , Donogh, ofDromn- lin, front whom Sir Lucius O'Brien is ninth in descent. (n) \h Ihi- perio-i |r ,.Mch thi, nWc botong. WU wiihin Ihe .ulhmlic poriton of Imh HUtoo-. no Joubl co rara.Wi In- mlnUoiol of ■!• iconncj. [To/acePascHO. 343 NOTE H. See pages 226 and 2 ■^i. Of the Armorial Bearings and Banners of the ancient Irish. Dr. Keating has written the following remarks on the banners of the ancient Irish, in his notice of the Battle of Magh Rath : Iple tDotiinaU, mac Qeoa, mic Qinmipioc, R! eipionn, cujaó car mhuije Rar, aic op maplJaó Conjal Claon, do Bi, 'nu RíjLllaó oeic m-bliaóna; agup up upupu a airne up in pcaip-pi d'ú n-guipciop Cur ITIhuije liar, jup ub opouijre in c-innioU, ocup in c-ópoújaó do bioo up pluajaib ^uoióiol pe h-ucc doI a n-iombuulao, no DO cop caru óoib; oip do bioo upo-raoipioc up in pluuij uile, ajup ccioipioc up jac pluaj-buiDion oti m-bioo pú nu pmacc, agup puairioncap a m-bpucaij juc caoipi^ pa leic, up a n-aicioncaoi juc pluaj-buioioii oiob peac a ceile, leip na Seancuoaib, apa m-bioo o'piacaib beic do laruip na n-uupal pe lin coca no com- bliocc DO cup d'ú ceile, lonnup 50 m-b!oD paoapc pul aj nu Seancuoaib u\\ jniom- upraib na n-uupal, pe puipnéip pípinnij do óéunurii up u n-oaluib leur up leur ; ujup up uime pin do bi a Sheuncuió péin a b-pocuip ÍDhoiiinuill, liiic Qodu, Rij Gipionn, pe h-ucc curu miiuije 13uc. Oip up m-beir do Dhoriinall ug cpiuU a ^-coinni Chonjuil, Ri Uluo, ugup luo do jac leur d' abuinn, ajup up b-paicpin pluu^ a ceile ooib, piuppuijiop Oomnall d'ú Sheancuió juc meipje 50 n-u puuic- loncup pa peuc oiob, ujup noccup in Seuncuio pin do, amail léa^cap ''fan luoio Dap ub copuc "Cpéan ciujuio cacu Chongail," map u b-puil in pann po ap puuir- loncup Ri UluD féin : í,eomun buióe a ppoU uaine Coriiapca na Cpuob Ruuioe, rPup DO BI uj Concubop caio, Qcu ug Conjul ap Conjriiúil. Qp imcian ó oo rionnpjaóup ^uoioil jnúrú juo nu puuirioncap, up lopj^ Chloinne Israel, lé'p jnuruijioo \an G51PC lao, pe linn ^uoiDil do mupcoinn, an run do búoap Clann Israel 05 cpiuU cpep in Hluip puaio, ajup Tllaoipe 'nu upo-ruoipioc oppa. t)á épeib oéj imoppo, do buoup unn, ajiip puurioncap up leir uj juc cpeib Diob pa pech. Cpeab Ruben, Mandragora, 'n a bpacui^ map punicioncup, UpeuB Simeon, ju, 'n u bpacaij map puairioncup, Cpeab Levi, an úipc 'n a bpacui^ map puuirioncup, Cpeub Juda, leórhun 'n a bpacuij map puuirioncup, 344 Cpeab Isacar, apnl, 'n a bpacaij map puairioncup, Cpecib Stabulou, long, 'n a bpacaiji; map puairioncup, Cpeab Neptalem, oealb ouim allaió, 'n a bpacaij map puairioncup, Cpeab Gad, oeulb bainleomain, 'n a bpacoi^ map puairioncup, Cpeab Joseph, capb "n a bpacaij map puairioncup, Cpeab Benjamin, paolcu, 'n a bpacaij map puairioncup, Cpeub Dan, nacaip neirhe, 'n u bpacai^ map puairioncup, Cpeab Aser, cpaob ola, 'n a bpacaij map puairioncup. Qj po puiDio^ao an r-peancaioe ap puaicioncupaib Cloinne Israel, arhail leujcop u peinlebup ?,eacaoin a n-Uprhúmain, 'p an laoio pe piop : Qirne oarh jac meipje mop, T?o Baoi ag cloinn uallaij lacob, C^eapc neac ap a h-airle ann, Q5 a mbear aicne a n-anmann. Cpeab Rubon, par pop cobaip, 12o b'e a meipje manopajdip, Rae buun po caic an cpeab che, Ro lean pluugh, maich a meipje. Cpeab Simeon nip piop-meipje, dec ga Duuibpioc DÍbpeípje, Simeon an cpiona cealjac, Um Diona ba oibpeapjuc. Cpeab Ceuhi, luce na h-Qipce, lomoa a o-cpeoio 'p a D-cpom-rúince 6u caip^io o'á plúince peo paijpin na li-Qipce aco. nieipje ag cpeibh luoa ampa Samuil leomain lan-calma ; Cpeab looaip a n-uaip peipge Sluaj Diomaip 'ma n-oeij-meipge. Cpeab Ipacap an jloip jloin, ITleipge aice map apain, lomoa ploj 50 n-oeipge n-opeac Um an meipje mop maipeach. Cpeab Scubulon na pciall n-jlun Oealb a meipje long lucciiiup, 6a ^nar pop ronnaib cana 345 Cac' na longait luccriiapu. DealB oairh allaio maip, jipp, mip, Cfj; cpeiB Nepcalem neiriim^, Oo'n cpeiB po clecicc ppcioc peipje, Nip reapc laoc 'mim Uiair-rheipje. JDeipje 05 rpeiB ^úo a ii-jleo-jciil ITlap DeilB Ijiop ap Bain-leornain, Mocap cini pe ppaocli peipje ^ac lcioc pinti 'mun pi^-iiieipje. ITleipje map rapB 50 nop neipc Hoip a^ qieiB lopep oipoeípc, SiiciirnioD nci pipioó baóta, Qii cinioD oVip coiiitipóa. C(ieaB 6eniainiii 50 m-bpi^ mip, No bioD ci meipje op meipjib, nieipj^e map an B-paol B-po^lac, tJeipje 'p an caorh comopoac. ^peaB t)an, ba DUaiBpioc an opeam, Oipeacc neimnec coi;i;e ruciicioU, Upen pe arjoin ba Doip^ óe, rriap narpaij5 rhoip a riieipje. Cpeab Qpép, nip cpuaib mi cpaó, rPeipje Dap lean map locup, rriap aon cap aiU a cojja, 1p cpaoB alainn pionn-ola. Ro aipmiop rail a o-cpealju, Ro aipirii me a meipjeou, niap cuiu Dion;5na na D-c|ieaB o-ce, ^an u h-iomóa a nairne. Tlie MS. copies of Keating's History differ very considerably in tliis passage, and it is therefore necessary to say that the foregoing extract has been taken from Andrew Jl'Ciirtin's copy (A. D. 1703), in the Library of the Eoyal Irish Academy, compared witli the copy written by O'Mulconry, in the Library of Trinity College. The follow- ing very elegant translation is from the Latin version of Keating, by Dr. John Lynch, of which a good copy of the original MS. is in the Editor's possession : " E.x Historia Muighrathensem pugnam referente, in qua Donaldus inclitam a Congallo Ultonise Rege reportavit victoriam, facile percipitur quam apte Iliberuoruin 346 acies iustructíB tunc fuerint, cum ad signa conferenda se accingebant; iini enim Impe- ratori totus Exercitus, et singulis Ducibus siugulae cohortes parebant : In cujuscunque etiam cohortis vexillis ea symbola visebantur quffi indicabant quis cuique coLorti dux praerat. Quapropter seniciorum partes erant cuique pugnae adesse, ut res ab utraque gente gestas ob oculos haberent, quo Veritas qua; scripitis postea mandarent, exploratior esset. Hinc Hiberniae Eegi in jirocinctu ad pugnam hauo ineundam posito, suus An- tiquarius adstitit, quern ubi exercitus uterque in fluvii ripis utrinque consistens ad mutuum conspectum pervenit, Eex Donaldus suscitatus est quasnam tesseras, quaiqiie hostes signa ferebant, quae ei sigillatim aperuit Antiquarius, prout eo poemate pandi- tur, cujus initium, Upen ciaguio cara Con^ail, in quo hoc versu, Ultonis Regis in- signia exprimuntur : Gesserat in viridi flavum bombice leonem Crebroa progenies, Concliauri symbola clari Congallus, qute nunc signis intexta videntur. Jam inde a tempore quo Gatbelici nunc Hiberni dicti, se Israelites in yEgyj^to sociarunt Gathelo gentis authors adhuc superstite, vexillis suis imaginum varietate docorandis incubuerunt. Israelitarum exemplo, qui per Blare Eubrum Moyse Duce, proficiscentes, variis figuris signa sua distinxerunt, Exercitu ex duodecem tribubus conflato, quorum singulis sua erat peculiaris tessera in labaris expressa, qua secerneretur a reliquis. Tribus Ruben Mandragoram, Simeon liastam, Le\a Arcam, Juda Leonem, Isachar Asinum, Zabulon Navem, Neptali Araneam, Gad Leoenam, Joseph Taurum, Benjamin Lupam, Dan Serpentem, et AsserOlei ramum in signis pro symbolo habuerunt. Priscus quidam jjoeta, figuras istas vexiUis Israelitarum additas versibus Hibernicis complexus est e vetusto Libre dej^romptis apud Leacoeniam in Ormonia reperto : Quorum sensum versus Latini sequentes exprimunt. Grandia signa mihi sunt nota propago Jacobi Qu£e pr£Bclara tulit, non cuivis cognita vati ; Mandragora' prolem Rubin simulacra prwibant In signis, multimi validá comitante catervá. In labaro stirpis claro e Simone creatce (Qui fuit astutus, prudens, strenuusque tuendo) Picta refulsit imago forniidabilis hastae. Levitici, quibus est arcje custodia curse Et quibus est armentorum vis magna gregumque, , Gestata in signo vobis tulit area salutem. Vexillis sobolis Judae procera ferocis Forma leonis erat, stirpem hanc inqiune lacessat 347 Nemo, lacertorum maguo, nam roborc prasstat. Isacara tribus lulgenti fulgida iu auro In labaris Asiui speciem gestabat amucnam Agminibus cinctam pugihim qiiibus ora rubebaiit. A Zabulone sati, quos oruat opima supellex, Immensa; ratis, iu signis habuere figuram, Qui crebro secuere leves in navibus undas. Crure brevi et celeri cervus spectabilis ortae Nephthalemo gentis vexillum pictus adornat. Qua; ruit iiupavida in pugnas, et signa frequentat. Pugnacis GadiE stirpis vexilla lesnam Praitulerant : ea gens, pugnse veniente procclbl Non ignava coit sub signis agmine multo. Percelebris soboles, a te, Joseplie, profecta In signis tauri fortis latera ardua monstrat. Bengamiiia tribus signis melioribus usa Quam reliquse, robusta lupum tulit ore rapacem, In sacro labaro, splendente rubedine tinctum. Natos a Danno metuendos martins ardor Fecit, bonoratos caute prudcntia mentis ; Signifer his pugnas inituris prajtuHt anguis. Asseri soboli pecus ampla paravit honorem, Hiec ubi se bello acciuxit, j^opulariter iino Assensu ramum sibi tolli curat oliv^. Singula signorum, tribuum quoque nomina dixi Csetera praetereo populi decora ampla valentis." Without going so far back as the time of Moses and his cotemporary Gaedhal, the ancestor of the Milesians, we may well believe that the Irish people became acquainted with the Old Testament, and consequently with the standards borne by the twelve tribes of Israel, immediately after their conversion to the Christian religion. Tliat standards were in use in Ireland before Christianity, it would now be difficult to prove, and perhaps not fair to deny ; but it appears from the most ancient fragments of Irish literature which have descended to our times, that the mciiye, or standard, was in use at a very early period, and we find references in the lives of the primitive Irish saints to several consecrated banners called by the name of Cathach. It does indeed appear from poems written by some of the bards of Ulster in the seventeenth century, that it was then the opinion that tlie Irisli liad, even in the IRISH ARCH. SOC. 6. 2 Y 348 first century, used, not only banners distinguished by certain colours and badges, but also armorial bearings or escutcheons. Thus, Owen O'Donnelly, in his reply to Mac Ward, contends that the red hand of Ulster was derived from the heroes of the Red Branch, and that, therefore, it belonged by right to Magennis, the senior represen- tative of Conall Cearnach, the most distinguished of those heroes, and not to O'Neill, whose ancestors, although they had no connexion with those heroes by descent, had usurped the sovereignty of Ulster. That the ancient Irish, from the earliest dawn of their history, carried standards to distinguish them in battle, is quite evident from all the ancient Irish accounts of battles, but when they first adopted armorial bearings is not perhaps now very easy to prove. The Editor has examined more tombstones in old Irish churchyards than per- haps any one now living, with an anxious wish to discover ancient Irish inscrij)tions and armorial bearings, but among the many tombs he has seen, he has not observed any escutcheon for a Milesian Irish family older than the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He is, therefore, satisfied that the Irish families first obtained the complex coats of arms which they now bear from England, retaining on the shield, in many instances, those simple badges which their ancestors had on their standards, such as the red hand of O'Neill, the cat and salmon of O'Cathain, or O'Kane, &c. &c., with sucli additions as the Iving at Arms thought proper to introduce, in order to complete the escutcheon after the Anglo-Norman system of heraldry, according to the rank of the family for whom the coat was so manufactured. The Editor has found the following metrical descriptions of the standards of O'Doherty, O'Sullivan, and O'Loughlin, in a MS. in the collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, Dublin, No. 208, and he thinks them worth inserting here, as being very curious, though the period at which they were written has not been yet satisfactorily determined. The descriptions of the two former appear to be of considerable antiquity, but that of O'Loughlin savours of modern times, from the language and measure. Siiaicionccip Ui Docaiicaij. Cpéan raj;aiD cara Cuinn, Ui tDocapcaij le cup coriilumn, Q cloiDearii cpop-ópóa cara Op rrieipje an upo-placa : Ceorhan ip piolap pola, t)eacaip cope na ciun-pojla, Q m-bán-Bpac pIoDairiail ppoill, Gajal rpom-join a rionóil. 549 " Bearings of O'Doherty. Mightily advance the battalions of Conn, With O'Doherty to engage in battle, His battle sword with golden cross. Over the standard of this great chief : A lion and bloody eagle, — Hard it is to repress his plunder, — On a white sheet of silken satin, Terrible is the onset of his forces." The Editor is sorry to find that the O'Dohertys do not at present bear these sym- bols in their coat of arms ; the arms of Chief Justice Doherty, as shown in stained glass on a window in the Library of the Queen's Inns, Dublin, are entirely different. SuaicioTicaj' Ui Sluiileabáin o 5-cac Caii^glinrie. t)o cim cpean aj ceacc 'p an mai j nieipje pleacca phinjin uapail, Q pleaj 50 narciip nime Q pluaj 'na o-cpeoin D-ceinnnje. "Bearings op O'Sullivan in the Battle of Caisglinn. I see mightily advancing in the plain The banner of the race of noble Finghin, His spear with a venomous adder \_enUcÍHed'\, His host all fiery champions." The O'Sullivans have since added many other symbols, as two lions, a boar, buck, &c, but their neighbours, the O'Donovans, have retained the simple hand, and ancient Irish sword entwined with a serpent, without the addition of any other symbol derived from the Anglo-Norman system of heraldry. Suaicioncap Ui Locluinn bóiiine. Q 5-campa Ui i,ocluinn oob' poUup a tn-blár-Bpac ppóiU, (3 5-ceann gac qiooa, le copnaih do lácaip gleó, Sean oaip coprac ap g-copnarii le mal 50 coip, Ip anncoip 30pm pa copaiB do cábla óip. 2 Y2 j:)'- " Bearings of O'Lougiilin Bi:rren. In O'Longhlin's camp was visible on a fair satin sheet, To be at the head of each battle, to defend in battle-field. An ancient fruit-bearing oak, defended by a chieftain justly, And an anchor blue, with folds of a golden cable." The armorial bearings of the old Irish families, as preserved on their tombs since the reign of Henry VIII., if carefully collected, would throw much light on the kind of badges they had borne on their standards previously to their adoption of the Anglo-Norman system of heraldry, and it is to be hoped that the Irish College of lie- ralds will accomplish this task. NOTE I. Seepage 267. The most curious account as yet discovered of the ancient Irish Kernes and Gallo- glasses, is given by the Lord Deputy St. Legcr, in a letter to the king, written from Maynooth, on the 6th of April, 1543. In this letter the Lord Deputy goes on to state that he had heard a report that " His Majestie was about to go to war with France or Scotland, and requests to know the King's pleasure if he should raise a body of native Irish soldiers to attend him in the invasion of France," and he then goes on as follows: " But in case your Majestie will use their servyce into Fraunce, your Highnes muste then be at some charges with them; ffor yt ys not in ther possibilitie to take that jour- ney without your helpe ; for ther ys no horseman of this landc, but he hathe his horse and his two boyes, and two hackeneys, or one hackeney and two chieffe horse, at the leste, whose wages must be according ; and of themselfFes they have no ryches to fFur- nyshe the same. And, assuredly, I thiuke that for ther ifcate of warre, whiche ys for light scoores, ther ar no properer horsemen in Christen ground, nor more hardie, nor yet that can better indure hardenesse. I thinke your Majestie may weU have of them iFyve hundred and leave your Englishe Pale well ffurnysshed. And as to ther ffootemen they have one sorte whiche be harnessed in mayle, and bassenettes having every of them his weapon, callyd a sparre, moche like the axe of the Towre, and they be named GaUoglasse ; and for the more part ther boyes beare for them thre darts a peice, whiche dartes they throw er they come to the hande stripe : these sorte of men be those that doo not lightly abandon the íFeilde, but byde the brunte to the deathe. The other sorte callid Kerne, ar naked men, but onely ther sherts and small coates ; and many tymes, whan they come to the bycker, but bare nakyd saving ther shurts to hyde ther pre- vytes ; and those have dartes and shortebowes : which sorte of people be bothe hardy and cly ver to serche woddes or morasses, in the which they be harde to be beaten. And if 35^ Your Majestic will convert them to Morespikes and handegonnes I thinke they wolde in that íFeate, with small instructions, doo your Highness greate service ; ffor as for gonners tlier be no better in no laud then they be, for the nomber they have, whiche be more than I wolde wishc they had, onles yt wer to serve your Majcstie. And also these two sortes of people be of suche hardeness that ther ys no man that ever I sawe, that will or can endure the paynes and evill ffare that they will sustayne ; ffor in the sommer when corne ys nere rype, they seke none other meate in tyme oi nede, but to scorke or swyll the cares of whcate, and eate the same, and water to ther drinke; and vnth this they passe ther ly ves, and at all tymes they eate such meate as ffew other could lyve with. And in case your pleasure be, to have them in redynes to serve Your Majestic in any these sortes, yt may then please the same, as well to signiiie your pleasure therein, as also what wages I shall trayue them unto. And so, having knowledge of your pleasure therein, I shall endeavour my selff'e, according my most boundeji duetie, to accomplishe the same. The sooner I shall have knowledge of your ]]leasTire in that behalffe, the better I shalbe haljle to performe yt. " From Y'our Majesties castell of Maynothe the 6th of Aprill [1543]. " Antony tJENTLEOER." The preceding extract is taken from a copy made several years since from the ori- ginal, by James Ilardimau, Esq., author of the History of Galway. The document has since been printed, but not very correctly, in the State Papers, vol. iii. Part HI. p. 444. London, 1834. Q!p n-a cpíocnu^aó le Seacin, mac Samouin O15, rhic pem-Gamomn, riiic Llilliam, riiic ConcuBaip, riiic Gamoinn, tític Dorhnaill Llt)honnaBúm, an rpeap la oéaj DO rill Decenibep, 1842. ^o 5-cuipió Oui cpioc male oppainn ude. >53 INDEX. Page. A. AEDH, a man's name; meaning, and present Anglicised form of, . . 288 Aedh, Mac Ainmirech, monarch of Ire- land, 259 Aedh, of the Green Dress, son of Eoch- aidh. King of Alba, 48, 49 Aedh Slaine, monarch of Ireland, . . 8, 9 Aedhan, a man's name, 288 Aenach, or Oenach, meaning of, . . 67, n. Aengus, a man's name, now ^neas, . . 289 Aengus, son of Lamh Gaibe, hero, . . 207 Aengusaigh, who, 157 AilechNeid Palace, where, 36 , Palace of, blessed by St. Patrick, 146 , King of, 2(14 Amh, an expletive particle, .... .309 Aimergin, a man's name, ..... 290 Ainle, a hero of Ulster, 207 Amairgin Reochaidh, 209 Amhalghaidh, a man's name among the Pagan Irish 290 Amhas, meaning of the word, . . 1.30, 140 Amhlaoibh, a man's name of Danish ori- gin in Ireland, 290 Anrad, meaning of the word, ... 48, 49 .\quarins, the sign, 112,113 Ardan, a hero of Ulster, 207 Page. Ard Uladli, where, 230 Ard na himaircse, 1 80 Armorial bearings, . . . .196,348,349 Ath an eich, 272 Ath an imairg, 142 Ath-Cliath, now Dublin, 242 B. Baedan, a man's name, 291 Baedan, son of Ninnidh, 152 Banner, consecrated, 196 Banners described, . . 226, 227, 348, 349 Banquet, cm'sed, 29 Beann Gulbain, a mountain, where, . . 313 Beards referred to, ....... 185 Bearnas mor, gap of, where, . . . .158 Bearramhain in Breifne, 143 Bees, referred to, 34, 35, n. Beneit, the Bellonaof the Pagan Irish, 242 Bells and Croziers referred to, . . 38, 39 Bennchor, where 26, 27, ii. Bird of Valour, curious reference to, 32, 33 Bissextile year, 112,113 Birra, now Birr, 26, 27 Blathmac, a man's name, 291 Bodesta, an ancient form of the adverb feasta, 308 J Page. Boghuinigh, extent of their territory, . 15(i Boinn river. See Boyne. Boyne River, 7, U)4 , source of, 19 Brain, hurt of, often improves the intel- lect, •282,283 Breasal, a man's name 20(1 Bregia, territory of, 194 Brenainn, St., of Birra 26, 27 Brenainn, son of Finnloga, Saint, . 26, 27 Brian a man's name 289 Bricin, a poet of Tuaim Dreagain, . . 283 Bridges referred to 78, 79, n. Bruighin Blai Bruga 52, 53 Bruighin da Choga, where, . . . 53, n. Bruighin Forgaill Monach, . . . 52, 53 Bruighin Mic Cccht, where, . . . 52, 53 Bruighin Mic Datho, 52, 53 Bruighin h-ua Derga, or Bruighin da Berga. [The situation of this place was never yet pointed out by any of the Irish topographical writers, but it is described in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, as on the River Dothair, now the Dod- der, near Dublin, and a part of the name is still preserved in that of Boher na breena, a well known place on that river] 50, 51 C. Caerthannach's, who, 156 Cainech Mac h-Ui Dalann, St., . . 26, 27 Cairbre Niafer, King of Leinster, . . 138 Cairbre, son of King Niall of the Nine Hostages, 148 Cairnech, Saint of Tuilen, now Dulane, 146 Cairpthecha. See Charioteers. Callad, meaning of the word 72 Cancer, sign of, 114, 115 Carcair na n-giall, at Tara 6, 7 54 Page. Carraic Eoghain, 104, 105 Cath, meaning of the word, .... 214 Cathach or Caah, meaning of the word . 19(5 Cathair Conrui, where 212 Cathaoir Mor, monarch of Ireland, fami- lies descended from, . . . . 124, 125 Cathbhadh, the Druid, 209 Cas Ciabhach, Rechtaire, . . .23, 32. 33 Cauldrons referred to, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59 Cellach, son of Fiachna, . . . . 42, 43 Cellach, son of Maelcobha, monarch of Ireland, 84,85, 160 Celtchar, an Ulster Hero, . . . 206, 207 Cennfaeladh, son of Garhh, . . . .164 Cennfaeladh, son of Oilell, his brain in- jm-ed, curious, 278, 279 Cenn Maghair, where, .... 204, 205 Cernach the Long-shanked, .... 273 Cethern Mac Fintain, an Ulster hero, . 209 Chains, brought to battle, . . . 178,179 Charioteers 193 Chess, cm'ious references to, . . 36, 37, n. Cian, a man's name, now Kean, . . . 289 Ciaran, St., 26, 27 Cinel Conaill, who, and where, . 8, 9, 145 Cinel Eoghain, 8, 9, 145 Clanna Rudhraighe, 204 Clann Colmain, who 8, 9 Clann Breasail, where, .... 274, 275 Clann Colla, 188 Clann Enna, extent of their territory, . 156 Cletty, palace of, cursed, 20 Cliath Catha, meaning of, 176 Cloidhemh. See Sword. Cluain Iraird, where 26 Cluain Mic Nois 26, 26, n. Cnocan an Choscair, 216 Cobhthach, a man's name, 291 , meaning of, . . . . 1 1 , n. 355 PboClí»AhA£^^