A Centenary Survey of Methodist Episcopal Missions VEST POCKET EDITION 1919 Price Twenty-five Cents PUBLISHED BY THE JOINT CENTENARY COMMITTEE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 111 Fifth Avenue, New York . ’mn/g' 'nxir.roJn*jO A id i i Wt s* mohziM zorna. i. THTOO 1 ! T 83 V em Z- r . *.r. J P - \ is ■ y >; V r V-., a»T yh as?Muauq v r-r - r -- * ' -i a -J 1 Ysr/.z-arz-n tv'toi " 1/1 JHj jA'iu jeiqg-rgi([OHT3w >1-550 / 7/31/: ,HU'/.HvA HT3l3 {If- CONTEXTS . / Eti-. ■. ,’J- . , frt o Jf-x. r . r-^rrtl Part I .METHODIST EPISCOPAL FOR-. EIGN MISSIONS PAGE Africa . 10 China . 22 Europe . 31 India . 42 Japan . 30 Korea . 57 Malaysia .. 62 Mexico . 68 South America .. 73 Panama . 83 The Philippine Islands . 86 Methodist Episcopal Foreign Mis¬ sion Bibliography . 92 General Foreign Mission Bibliog- raphy . 95 Part II r EPISCOPAL HOME MISSIONS PAGE The Church’s American Frontier.. 98 The Mormon Menace . 103 The American Indian . 106 Our Latin-Americans. 108 Alaska . Ill 3 \ % A 2 5 PAGE Hawaii . 113 Porto Rico . 115 Orientals in America . 117 The American Negro .. 119 Rural Methodism .. 125 Southern Highlanders ........... 133 The Italian in America . 136 Immigrants from Eastern Europe.. 138 The Finns, Syrians, French-Cana- dians, Armenians and Greeks.... 143 The American City . 145 Training Leaders . 155 Reconstruction at Home..... 159 Evangelism . 161 Church Extension . 163 Centenary Home Mission Askings.. 167 What Money Will Do in Methodist Episcopal Home Mission Fields.. 168 Methodist Episcopal Home Mission Bibliography . 179 Methodist Episcopal General Home Mission Bibliography . 183 Part III A SUGGESTION OR TWO PAGE The Centenary Bulletin. 186 Missionary News . 187 World Outlook... 188 World Methodists . 189 Men and Money . 190 The Centenary in Lantern Slides.. 191 A Remarkable Offer . 192 4 PREFACE This little book has been prepared in response to a demand for facts con¬ cerning home and foreign missionary fields and the Centenary plans with reference to Methodist Episcopal ac¬ tivities both at home and abroad. The limitations of the size of this volume preclude any attempt at exhaustive¬ ness, but there will be found here in concise form just those facts which will help the speaker to interest his listeners in the great theme of the Centenary of Methodist Episcopal Missions. Fuller treatment of all these fields may be secured by writ¬ ing to the office of the Joint Centen¬ ary Committee of the Methodist Epis¬ copal Church, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The material in Part I, Methodist Epis¬ copal Foreign Missions, was prepared by Dr. G. H. Myers, secretary of the India Mass Movement, who has been 5 privileged to visit several of Metho¬ dism’s foreign mission fields. Part II, Methodist Episcopal Home Mis¬ sions, was prepared under the direc¬ tion of Dr. Ralph Welles Keeler, Di¬ rector of Publicity of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. rhe Joint Centenary Committee of the Methodist Episcopal Church David D. Forsyth, Chairman S. Earl Taylor, Executive Secretary ; gifij |... ..•{;■ g'n'oiffifirrrir k .. . • • 1 6 FOREWORD The Methodist Episcopal Church will celebrate the one-hundredth anniver¬ sary of the founding of its Missionary Society with a movement to raise $80,000 000 for mission work at home and abroad and $25,000,000 addi¬ tional for War Reconstruction work in Europe and America. The task is one of the most stupendous ever un¬ dertaken by any branch of the Chris¬ tian .Church. A careful and complete survey has been made of every field to determine the Christian agencies that are required to meet its needs. A comprehensive program of social, educational, evan¬ gelistic and healing ministry has been planned. Existing schools, colleges and hospitals will be strengthened and new ones will be established. Churches that will care for all of the interests of all of the community all of the ■r time will be created, The poor, the sick, the stranger and the outcast 7 will be ministered unto. The fron¬ tier, the rural sections, the congested centers will be cared for. The Im¬ migrant, the Negro, the Indian, and the Highlanders at home as well as the needy peoples of the mission fields abroad will be looked after. The program is world wide in its scope and as varied in its forms as the needs of those whom the Church would serve. It is undertaken in no narrow or selfish sectarian spirit. It is not a piece of denominational propa¬ ganda. It is the sincere effort of a great Church to make its full con¬ tribution to the Christian welfare and happiness of a new world. It is a gigantic undertaking. But this is a day of big things. Men are thinking and acting in terms and di¬ mensions that their fathers never dreamed of. The Church must catch the spirit of the new day or sacrifice its leadership. America has moved out of its old iso¬ lation into the realm of world affairs. The program of the Church must match the policy of the nation or the Church must cease as a world force. Seven millions of men have given their lives to free the world. The Church must now give its life and substance, to the limit, to save it. If we do less, we shall break faith with those who have died that the world may live. 8 Part I METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL FOREIGN MISSIONS The following pages aim to present in a concise, usable form the salient facts concerning the people and fields min¬ istered to by Methodist Episcopal foreign missions, the relations of the Church to this task as planned for and administered by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Centenary program for the new day of foreign missions. / More elaborate discussion of the work - •' of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church will be found in the additional literature listed in a Bibliography of Methodist Episcopal Foreign Missions on page 92. 9 AFRICA WHO OWNS AFRICA? ' if ’»•" r; * tT 7 /' *. r k f s ^ jT During the last fifty years, nine-tenths of Africa has been claimed and ruled by European countries. Abyssinia and the small Negro republic of Liberia are the only native-ruled countries. France rules territories in Africa twen¬ ty times her own size. The British flag flies over an empire in Africa as large as the United States. Germany’s lost colonies in Africa are many times larger than the Fatherland. A CONTINENT OF OPPORTUNITY Africa contains 12,000,000 square miles, and is three times as large as Europe and half again as large as North America. It is as far around the coast of Africa as it is around the world. Africa has 40,000 miles of river and lake navigation. It has more than 25,000 miles of rail¬ ways. 10 The population of Africa is 130,000,000. This population includes Bantu, Bush¬ men, Hamitics (native Egyptians), Semitics (Arabs), Hottentots, Pig¬ mies, Negroes and White Men. DIPLOMATIC DUTIES The Peace Congress will make more changes affecting Africa than any other continent except Europe. Many seeds of the recent world war were in jealousies over African do¬ minion. A broad, unselfish policy toward Africa is necessary for future world peace. There are three large divisions of Africa to be disposed of at the Peace Conference: 1. German East Africa, as large as Texas and New Mexico combined. 2. Kamerun, equal to Texas and Louisiana, on the west coast near the equator. Its climate is un¬ suited to white men. 3. German South Africa, as large as Texas and Oklahoma, with hot though not tropical climate. A “white man’s country” with prom¬ ise of becoming an important stock raising country. COMMERCIAL CONQUESTS The world at large has come upon Africa with a rush with railways, steamboats, electric cars, factories, mines, laws and police. 11 1 he Cape-to-Cairo Railway will bring the southern tip of Africa within ten days of London and Paris. The vast resources of Africa will then be quickly available for the markets of the world: 800,000 square miles of coal fields. 95,000 acres of fertile farmlands. Iron ore equal to five times the output of North America. Ninety per cent of the world’s dia¬ monds. $10,000,000 worth of rubber yearly from Belgian Congo. Uncounted millions in ivory, nuts, oil, copper and gold. In the wake of Western civilization are the deadly attendants of the white man, drunkenness and immorality, be¬ fore which the black man is helpless. In 1914-15 over 1,500,000 gallons of rum ^ were shipped from Boston to Africa. The Christian missionary finds the liquor traffic harder to combat than witchcraft, ignorance and racial su¬ perstitions. Johannesburg, in South Africa, is called the “University of Crime.” From all over the southern half of Africa 500,000 natives come every year to work in the gold mines of Johannesburg. 20,000 of these die in a year, victims of the white man’s drinks, diseases and vices. SOME AFRICAN CHARACTERISTICS Climate has been a barrier to missionary effort. Physical dangers have been a real deter¬ rent to Europeans and Americans in Africa. 4,000,000 are killed for witchcraft an¬ nually. The tick, the mosquito and the tsetse fly are dangerous carriers of disease. Tropical fevers, sleeping sickness, pneu¬ monia and dysentery are common. In the parts of Africa untouched by civ¬ ilization the death-rate is very high. Lack of exploration has prevented mis¬ sionary occupation. Livingstone, the first explorer of Cen¬ tral Africa, has been dead only forty- five years. An African customarily reckons his wealth by wives, cattle, and land.. Purchased bv her husband, the African woman is his property to use as he will. She must work for him, carry burdens, submit to cruel blows or burning strokes from a heated cutlass. Under missionary influence the African of his own accord turns away from this mercenary polygamy. The native attributes all his ills to myriad evil and malignant spirits which are waiting to torture him. Slave trade, forbidden by law, exists on plantations under the name of contract labor. 13 THREE BATTLE FRONTS North Africa, with a population of 40,000,000, is Mohammedan. Europeanized South Africa, with 10,- 000,000 people, is Christian. The 80,000,000 people in Central Africa, between Mohammedan North Africa and Christian South Africa, are pagan. The Mohammedan invasion from North Africa is the most vigorous, antag¬ onistic force which Christianity is meeting anywhere on earth. All ranks of men are propagandists. Merchants carry the Koran and the Moslem Catechism wherever they carry their merchandise. For every 33 natives who become Chris¬ tians, 100 become Mohammedans. The Mohammedan gain is so rapid that unless great haste is made to teach the Gospel of Jesus Christ, pagan Af¬ rica will surely become Mohammedan. .All experience proves that it is much harder to win men from Mohammed¬ anism to Christianity than it is to win them from their native paganism. The shattering of Islam’s political pow¬ er by the war and the shrinking of its prestige gives to the Christian Church the crisis of a great opportunity. The Christian Church would make a gi¬ gantic blunder if it should allow Mo¬ hammedanism to establish itself in Africa. There are 543 distinct languages and 300 dialects in Africa. 14 Missionaries and Bible Societies have translated and printed the Scriptures into 100 African tongues. There are still 443 tongues without the Word of God. It is one of the ironical facts of Chris¬ tian history that the continent’ on which Christianity firmly established itself in its earliest days should be the very last to be opened up to Christian influence. Gibraltar is a fit symbol for Africa in Christian history. It has been a continent of superlative obstacles, of daily oppositions, and of impenetrable darkness until two gen¬ erations ago. Yet it has witnessed the greatest tri¬ umphs of Christian success in the con¬ version of whole tribes. Africa has the brightest and longest line of great missionaries of any foreign mission field. Within 50 years, in the judgment of the closest students of Africa, its religious future will be decided. “The Mohammedan advance in Africa is the largest missionary world prob¬ lem confronting the whole Church at the beginning of the twentieth cen¬ tury,” says Bishop Joseph C. Hartzell. “Our most immediate and insistent duty is to give the gospel to Africa’s millions, thus saving them from the Moslem faith, and the continent for Christ.” 15 METHODISM IN AFRICA Methodists are responsible for 20,000,000 people in territories already occupied by Methodist Missions or assigned to the Methodist Episcopal Church by the government, or through arrangements with other churches. Africa has a Methodist republic,— Liberia. Descendants of American freed slaves organized Liberia in 1820, forming a Methodist church on the ship going over. Liberia is still Methodist. Liberia now has four Methodist educa¬ tional institutions, but needs more. There are 346 native Methodist Episco¬ pal preachers and workers in Africa and 364 churches, chapels, parsonages and homes. At Old Umtali in Rhodesia, Methodism has 3,000 acres of land and many buildings turned over to the church by the British Government. The Belgian Government has given 2,000 acres of land in which it has asked the Methodist Mission to es¬ tablish an agricultural school. Other centers of this kind are to be placed in charge of missionaries. In the midst of the Belgian Congo there is a rapidly developing industrial mis¬ sion which is surrounding that center with 80 primary schools. Training in agriculture, carpentry and brickmaking supplements and extends evangelistic work. 16 V Fertilizers are supplanting fetishes in making crops grow. The supreme demand of the hour is to throw across Central Africa, from the western to the eastern coast, a line of mission stations to occupy vacant areas and stop the advancing Mo¬ hammedan wave. A second demand is to meet the Mo¬ hammedan peril at its base in North Africa by establishing Methodist Mis¬ sions in the midst of the Moslem land. In North Africa the most promising work is among the children. 4 homes for boys and 10 homes for girls are a strategic beginning for evan¬ gelistic work. In the Republic of Liberia Methodism has a press, a college, industrial schools, and theological seminaries. In Angola on the west coast are churches, and boys’ and girls’ schools. In Portuguese East Africa the Meth¬ odist Episcopal Mission comprises churches, a mission press, training school, girls’ school and two hospitals. The Methodist physician in Portuguese East Africa is the only medical man in a territory populated by 3,500,OCX) people. By 6 o’clock in the morning 50 patients await him outside the hospital. Hundreds of native pastor-teachers must be trained. Native chiefs are asking for missionaries and in many cases are eager to grant necessary land and buildings for schools, churches and homes. 17 ✓ WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN AFRICA 1918 Property— , , No. Valuation Churches, chapels, par¬ sonages, homes. 364 $341,273 Educational institutions and presses.... 23 Hospitals and dispen¬ saries . 4 130,143 Total property Staff— $471,418 92 Missionaries and foreign workers 346 Native preachers and workers 306 Teachers 744 Total staff Students and Pupils. 9,809 Membership .. 20 877 Sunday School Scholars..._* 14,995 Epworth League Members. 296 Unbaptized Adherents. 12.099 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN AFRICA 1918-1922 Property and Equipment— 93 Churches and chapels. 03 Native residences....... 59 Missionary residences. 11 Mission houses. 2 Hostels . 725.645 18 Additional buildings and equipment for 45 schools 15 Teachers’ residences..._ 4 Presses . 395,175 7 Hospitals . 6 Dispensaries . I Leper home .. 1 Tuberculosis sanitarium... Buildings, land and equip¬ ment for above. 33,000 Total property and equip¬ ment ..$1,153,820 Staff and Maintenance— 154 Native preachers. 48 Missionary preachers. $398,835 153 Native teachers. 40 Missionary teachers. 202,975 9 Missionary doctors.. 6 Missionary nurses. 15 Native medical assistants.. 62,550 Total staff and nfainte- nance. $664,360 Total requirements. 38,095 From local receipts.. 38,095 From home base.. 1,780,085 19 JUST WHAT YOUR MONEY WILL DO IN AFRICA $5 will supply a village with copies of < a gospel in the native tongue. $25 will give a year’s Bible training to J a native. $50 will build a house of worship in | an outlying village. $200 will pay the salary of a native ; preacher for a year. $250 will open a station in new terri- < tory. $500 will buy a motorcycle for use in itinerating. : $1,000 will pay the salary of a new mis¬ sionary. : $1,500 will build a church or a parson¬ age. $2,500 will build an entire mission com¬ pound in Central Africa. $10 will furnish the equipment for open¬ ing a kraal school. $25 will keep a pupil in school for a year. $70 will provide a scholarship for an Algerian boy. $100 will build* a dormitory in Central Africa. $200 will pay the salary of a native teacher for a year. $500 will build a workshop for an in¬ dustrial school. $1,000 will buy tools for a mission sta¬ tion. $2,800 will pay for necessary irriga¬ tion. 20 >5,000 will equip the only printing press among a whole race. £5 will provide quinine for one person for a year. £10 will buy surgical dressings for a hundred cases. £60 will pay the expenses of a native nurse for a year. £75 will provide a year’s treatment for a leper. $600 will pay the salary of an American nurse for a year. $800 will equip a sub-dispensary. $1,000 will buy a year’s supply for a hospital. $1,200 will pay the salary of an Amer¬ ican doctor for a year. $5,000 will establish a small hospital. CHINA RESOURCES J X ■ I China has a population of 400,000,000— the largest population of any country in the world, and one-fourth of all the world’s people. The population of China doubles itself in about 80 years; that of the rest of the world in about a century It is probable that by the year 2000 China’s population will be close to 800,000,000. China has an area fifty times that of Japan, with a wealth of natural re¬ sources several hundredfold as large, but still only partially realized. With a wealth of coal deposits as great as those of the United States, China is to-day still importing coal from Japan. , The Chinese are successful farmers and with them farmers have always ranked high in the social scale. They get the largest yield, per acre, per year, of any farmers in the world. But in some sections a large portion of the tillable area is covered with the immovable graves of ancestors. In one year China exported 68,160 tons of peanuts. China’s exports of fruit, flour, meats and nuts run into millions of tons annually. Though it is the largest cotton yarn market in the world, China has only 1,000,000 modern spindles; the United States thirty-two times that number. 22 INDUSTRY 1 C A/I * . i . Wages in China are unbelievably low. The women silk-reelers in Shanghai get from eight to eleven cents a day for eleven hours’ work. In the steel works at Hanyang, common labor gets three dollars a month; skilled mechanics get from eight to twelve dollars a month. Prices of all commodities and wages of labor are rising. Wages for unskilled labor have risen fifty per cent or more in the coast cities. In 121 of China’s silk mills, out of the women and children employed thirty- five per cent are children under four¬ teen years of age. China, however, is not entirely averse to modern labor-saving inventions. On the other hand, she has cities of more than 100,000 population where the Standard Oil Company’s kerosene lamps are the greatest luxury in light¬ ing facilities, where there are no run¬ ning water system, no sewer system and no telephones. The Chinese are anxious to have “for¬ eign” goods that are beneficial, but protest against harmful articles. China has one of the world’s best pos¬ tal systems. Rates are cheaper and deliveries more frequent in Canton than in New York. China has partially sacrificed her inde¬ pendence to the foreigners who en¬ gage in business in the coast cities. 23 In tonnage Shanghai is the world’s sev¬ enth port. China’s foreign trade in the past thirty years has advanced from $80,000,000 to $400,000,000 (gold). It should be many times greater. There were twenty-five to thirty thou¬ sand opium smokers in 1906 when the government forbade the consumption of opium and the growing of poppies. Nor is the opium evil yet entirely eradi¬ cated. Recently the Chinese govern¬ ment agreed to buy 1,700 chests of opium held by the Shanghai Opium Combine and re-sell it in the form of “medicine.” The West has brought into China a dan¬ gerous substitute for opium. To-day half the world’s cigarettes are smoked in China. After the expulsion of opium, five million dollars’ worth of free samples of cigarettes were dis¬ tributed throughout the Empire. Free distribution still goes on. SANITATION The number of deaths through igno¬ rance, especially of children, is ghast¬ ly. The infant mortality rate is be¬ tween sixty-five and seventy per cent. For this the crafty witch doctor and the ignorant, filthy midwife are largely responsible. In all China there are only 114 Ameri¬ can hospitals. Eleven of these hospi¬ tals are Methodist, and 40 per cent of them are now closed for lack of staff. 24 But the outlook for the future is bright¬ er. In 1917 between 75 and 100 women physicians were enrolled in mission colleges in China, and an even larger number of women nurses. EDUCATION The educational opportunity in China is the real key to her future. Ninety-five per cent of the population of China are illiterate. Not one woman in a thousand can read or write. Only 2 per cent of China’s children are in school. A safe democracy under such conditions is unthinkable. The tea-shops in China are like the “cor¬ ner groceries” here. In these discus¬ sion-centers fully twenty-five per cent of the population become acquainted with Chinese current events. A child in China has very small chance of being able to go to school. This is partly due to unsettled government conditions. Nearly 60,000,000 children are waiting for schools. Methodism is directly responsible for 16,000,000 of these. Already Method¬ ist-supported schools have an enroll¬ ment of 25,000 students. Educational work is deeply involved with evangelistic. Thus the percentage of literacy in the church is well above the general average. The students in China’s schools to-day, who must guide her destinies to¬ morrow, are religiously adrift. 25 Communities everywhere are calling, frequently in vain, for Christian schools. The Methodist Episcopal Church could enroll 1,000,000 children in the village primary schools at once if it had teachers and equipment. The Chinese are ready to do their part in spreading education, by making liberal subscriptions for land and buildings. The Methodist Episcopal Church has 598 elementary schools, 20 boarding high schools, 10 intermediate and higher boarding schools, one college, and a share in 4 union universities, with a total of 21,048 students. There are also in China 11 Methodist Episcopal Theological and Bible train¬ ing schools, with 557 students. EVANGELISM Methodists are exclusively responsible for the welfare of 80,000,000 Chinese— four-fifths as many people as there are in the whole United States. Christianity is recognized by the Chinese government as a vital factor. Gov¬ ernment schools and offices close on Sunday. Officials are friendly and often cooperate with missions. In the early days, the missionary reached only the poorer classes. Now among all classes, government officials, schol¬ ars, and the illiterate masses, there is an openness to Christianity. There are 3,000 native Methodist preach¬ ers in China. The pastoral support in China has in¬ creased from nothing to sixty per cent. 26 In some districts, all salaries for na¬ tive pastors are paid by the Chinese, while in others every dollar from America is matched with another from the Chinese church. There is a splendid practical comity in China among all denominations. The field is clearly divided to prevent over¬ lapping. There are over 40 inter¬ denominational institutions in China. Thousands of villages and towns for which the Methodist Episcopal Church is responsible are still without any regular Christian services. Methodist Episcopal Mission work be¬ gan in China at Foochow, in 1847. After 71 years, we have 65,900 mem¬ bers, 7,309 unbaptized adherents, and a strong native leadership of 3,000 preachers. MEDICAL WORK Chinese medicine, although possessing some value, is bound up with gross superstitions and magic. It is quite inadequate to cope with such diseases as diphtheria, cholera, and plagues. The Chinese know practically nothing of surgery except as they learn it from Western schools. Only in a few centers have people awakened to questions of public sani¬ tation. Cities the size of Boston draw water from polluted rivers and wells. Every city and village has .open sewers. Methodism’s responsibility is to help the 27 Chinese establish hospitals, and pro¬ vide doctors and nurses for a popu¬ lation equal to all of New England, and the Atlantic and Gulf States. In West China alone we are responsi¬ ble for 10,000,000 people, and we have only 2 medical men there. Missionary physicians have specir.l en¬ tree to the upper classes. Every hospital is understaffed. Five hospitals have no nurses, 6 have only one doctor each. Four hospitals are now without physicians and closed. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN CHINA 19 18 Property— No. Valuation Churches, chapels, parson¬ ages, homes.1,022 $666,588 Educational institutions and presses . 42 Hospitals and dispensaries. 13 1,055,075 Total property. $1,721,663 Staff— 282 Missionaries and foreign workers 2,344 Native preachers and workers 1,117 Teachers 3,743 Total staff Students and pupils. 21,048 Membership . 65,899 Sunday School scholars. 44,898 Epworth League members.8,734 Unbaptized adherents. 7,309 28 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN CHINA 1918-1922 Property— 10 Institutional churches. 382 City and village churches.. 12 Missionary residences. 53 Native workers’ residences Buildings, land, equipment for above . $1,061,075 Additional buildings and equipment for four uni¬ versity centers — Peking, Nanking, Fukien, West China. 21 Secondary schools — added equipment . 328 Primary schools — model day school buildings, etc. 35 Teachers’ residences. 1,879,007 13 Hospitals—additional build¬ ings and equipment. 13 Dispensaries . 9 Doctors’ residences. 660.300 Total property and equip¬ ment .$3,600,382 Endowment . 1,806,667 Staff and Maintenance- 33 Missionary preachers. 474 Native workers. $535,516 65 Missionary teachers. 973 Native teachers. 29 1,131,978 25 Missionary doctors. 14 Nurses .. £0! Native doctors, assistants and others .. $427,045 Total staff and mainte- nance...$2,094,539 Total requirements.. $7,501,588 ] From total receipts.... 865,620 From home base . 6,635,968 INVESTMENTS IN CHINA $10 will support a rural Chinese evan- j gelist for a month. $100 will maintain a native pastor for four months. $500 will house a pastor’s family. $1,000 will build a brick church. $5 000 will build an institutional church, u $25 will give a student Christian instruc¬ tion for a year. $50 will make possible a Christian pri¬ mary school. $100 will maintain a student in theologi¬ cal school for a year. T , $1,000 will provide a model primary school building. $25,000 will erect a building in a uni¬ versity. $50 will support a student nurse for a year. $75 will equip a memorial ward. Fr $450 will support a trained native doc¬ tor for a year. Fr $650 will send an American graduate ] nurse to help an overworked doctor, f $1,000 will build or equip a dispensary, a $30,000 will build or equip a hospital. S( 30 EUROPE The Methodist Episcopal Church has fields in the following countries, ex¬ clusive of enemy territory: Den¬ mark, France, Italy, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland. There is in Europe to-day the tragedy of an uncontrolled industrial situa¬ tion, and unless the Church of God gets into that thing we shall have missed our opportunity for a thou¬ sand years. Methodism is strategically located in all the European centers, unlike any other Protestant denomination, and therefore from its very position is able to do tremendous emergency work at once. The Methodist plan is to expend mil¬ lions in the work in Europe which will be raised in connection with their Centenary Campaign. FRANCE France ranks fourth in size among European countries. France is a centralized, Parliamentary Republic, comprising a total continen¬ tal area of 207.129 square miles, with an additional colonial area of 4,632,052 square miles. 31 In no other theater of war has the fight¬ ing approached in intensity that on the French front, and nowhere else has there been such utter devastation of once fertile land. The total number of houses destroyed in France is estimated at a quarter of a million. Losses during the war: 1914-1918—kill¬ ed 1,400,000; maimed 1,000,000; tu¬ bercular, 250,000; blind, over 7,000; prisoners over 200,000. About 20% of the land has been totally torn up. It is said by engineers that it will take $8,000,000,000 to restore the land and to reforest it, with 100 years of constant intensive cultivation. There will not be man power enough to cultivate the farms in the old way. France must learn scientific farming or go under. Until a dozen years ago religion was subsidized by the State, the Roman Catholic, Protestant and Jewish con¬ fessions receiving contributions from the budget according to their numeri¬ cal strength. By a law enacted then the Concordant was abolished and State maintenance of Roman Catholic, Protestant and Jewish clergy came to an end. No religion is now recognized by the State. More than 200 French Protestant min¬ isters’ names have been reported in the casualty lists of the war. The Protestants are most numerous in the south of France. The Jews are M 0 T 1 1 1 32 supposed to be decreasing, and num¬ ber less than 10,000, being mostly in the large cities, such as Paris, Lyons and Bordeaux. Methodism in France was carried to the Channel Islands as early as 1779 by English soldiers; Wesley himself preached on these islands in 1 787, and went to the mainland in 1790. Our French Mission was begun in 1907 by Bishop Burt. Under the enthusias¬ tic direction of Dr. Ernest W. Bysshe its activities have broadened to meet the needs and stress of the war con¬ ditions, and yet its spirit has remained unchanged. The Mission now seeks to obtain $1 50,- 000 to purchase an estate of 450 acres near Paris, completely equipped, where 250 boys may receive the best training in farming or industrial pursuits, or, if fitted for it, in professional lines. The total population of the France Mission Conference district is about 4,000,000, of whom considerably less than a million have any other than the most nominal connection with the Roman Catholic Church. We are the only American Church in France to-day. Ours are the opportun¬ ities and obligations. We can do our part so that the reconstruction of France may be not alone material and humanitarian, but also spiritual. There is a crying need and a great field for Christian literature of a high order, but it must be perfectly adapt¬ ed to the French people. 33 We shall never have a strong aggres¬ sive Methodist Episcopal Church in France until we train our young pas¬ tors in our own institutions. We have seven stations, nine out-ap¬ pointments, one church building val¬ ued at $4,000, one missionary family, nine pastors and workers, of whom two are mobilized and one has been discharged from the army and two pastors seriously wounded; 655 mem¬ bers and probationers, 556 adherents. We cannot expect French people with their ideals of decency and their artistic tastes, so highly developed, to rally to our Church or to believe in its permanence while we have only renovated stores or sheds in which to meet. We have 13 Sunday Schools and 248 Sunday School pupils. Sunday School work is very difficult in France. BELGIUM Over 96% of the Belgian territory of 11,372 square miles was held by the Germans, with all the coal fields and iron mines. There were nearly six million people in practical bondage to the Germans all of whom will be totally unable to sup¬ port life unaided for a number of years after they are liberated. All their skilled workers have been de¬ ported or killed. Their soil has been devastated to a depth ranging from 10 to 18 feet; much has been defor¬ ested, and practically all the land rend- 34 ered unfit for agricultural work for at least 20 years. It is estimated that over 700,000 have been killed or have died from expo¬ sure and privation. More than 300,000 Belgians were de¬ ported. Over 500,000 refugees fled the country. One-half of them were received in France, 180,000 in England, and 95,- 000 in Holland. Nearly 150,000 were maimed either as fighting men or as civilians. There are 1,500,000 destitute Belgian children. There were 300,000 French refugees in Belgium driven out of Northern France by the Germans. These have been cared for out of the meager stores of the impoverished Belgians and by the Commission for Relief in Belgium. In Belgium approximately twenty thou¬ sand buildings have been destroyed, most of them for no evident mili¬ tary reason. There is a strong Protestant Church in Belgium though this has usually been considered a Roman Catholic coun¬ try- The membership consists of 40,000 ad¬ herents. The Protestant Churches are passing through a fiery trial. Fighting has taken place along the line of our mis¬ sion stations. The houses of many of our church members have been destroyed. Some 35 were blown up because they were in the firing lines of the forts. The task of restoration in its every phase must be shared by Methodism in America. ITALY The area of Italy covers 110,550 square miles. Cost of war to Italy has been nearly $10,000,000,000. The per capita debt is $555.05. Killed—about 450,000. Maimed—about 550,000. These include 50,000 tubercular cases returned from Austria. Blinded—over 5,000. These and the tu¬ bercular cases are being cared for in Rome and in Tunis. In addition to the prisoners of war, Italy is caring for over 200,000 Ser¬ bian refugees. Italy’s two greatest needs at the pres¬ ent are education and a free church. In 1862 there were 32,975 Protestants of various sects in Italy; in 1901 there were 65,595; 1911, the number had grown to 123,253, which means that in ten years it had almost doubled. Of the number of Italian Protestants in Italy to-day about 10,000 are Meth¬ odists. The Methodist Episcopal Church already has achieved much in Italy through educational institutions, of which there are five in the Rome district alone. There is an industrial school for poor boys in Venice. The Casa 36 Materna, an orphanage in Naples, can accommodate 100 children. RUSSIA Russia is larger than all the other countries of Europe combined. From the western border to the Behring Strait or Vladivostok it is fully 6,000 miles—a two weeks’ journey on the Trans-Siberian railroad. According to the latest statistics as pub¬ lished by the “Central Statistical Com¬ mittee” in 1911 the population of this great Slavic Empire was 169,003,400. Before the war, Russia in Europe had a population of 123,618,700, and an area of 1,887,028 square miles. By secession and conquest Russia has lost about 20% of her territory and 25% of her people. 4,000,000 Russians have been killed in this war including those lost in in¬ ternecine warfare. 10 % of the territory devastated has been the result of civil warfare. Total property destroyed, $875,000,000. There are more than 25 different na¬ tionalities and languages within the confines of this empire. Russians about 111,000,000; Turks and Tartars 18,- 000,000; Poles about 10,500,000; Ugro- Finns, including Karelians and Es¬ tonians, 7,600,000; Jews more than 6,500,000; Lithuanians and Letts 4,- 000,000; Germanic, including Swedes, 2,700,000; Cartwelians 1,850,000; Cau- ' casian tribes 1,500,000; Armenians 1,- 37 500,000; Mongolians about 700,000; other nationalities about 3,500,000. Three-fourths of the 169,000,000 Rus¬ sians are engaged in agriculture and are mostly illiterate peasants. Statistics show that in European Rus¬ sia alone there are more than 5,000,- 000 births a year with some 3,000,000 deaths, thus leaving a respectable margin of 2,000,000 increase in popu¬ lation annually. Religiously Russia’s 169 millions are grouped approximately as follows: Greek Orthodox (Pravos- lavne) .118,000,000 Mohammedans . 18,000,000 Roman Catholic .. 15,000,000 Jews . 6,500,000 Protestants . 8,000,000 Other Christians . 1,500,000 Other non-Christians . 850,000 Theodore Roosevelt in a letter to Dr. John R. Mott said: “No nation so much as Russia holds the fate of the coming years.” Perhaps no other nation in Europe is in greater need of religious, intellec¬ tual and social assistance than this great Empire with its 169,000,000, less than 10,000,000 of whom have ever heard a so-called Gospel sermon. Missionary enterprise is carried on through the Methodist Episcopal Church in Petrograd, and the Russian- English Christian Advocate is pub¬ lished there. 38 SWEDEN Sweden has an area of 172,000 square miles. The Sweden Conference was organized in 1876. There were then 53 ministers, 32 churches and 5,663 members. Sweden reports 153 members of Confer¬ ences; 181 local preachers; a church membership of 17,637; 18,863 children in Sunday Schools; 6,015 seniors and 4,128 juniors in Epworth Leagues. Also there * are Methodist Brother¬ hoods, Deaconess work with head¬ quarters in Stockholm and Gothen¬ burg; a theological school, a book concern, a weekly paper for the Sun¬ day school and one for the Church, and a Young People’s Monthly. For evangelical work in Sweden we need $1,787.00. One of the most important features of our work in Sweden is that of the Swedish Theological Seminary at Up- sala, whose graduates become pastors in Sweden and Finland. NORWAY Norway has an area of 123,000 sauare miles. Only a thousandth part of the surface can be cultivated. The Nor¬ way Conference was organized in 1876 with 6 elders, one deacon, 8 proba¬ tioners and 2,798 church members. There are 56 churches in Norway, 11 of which are self-supportiner. 39 DENMARK The whole country is so flat that the highest point above sea level is 560 feet. The population is about 2,500,- 000 and one-fourth of these live in the capital city. The people are nom¬ inally Protestant. 60% of the people are engaged in agriculture. A Central Mission located in the slum district of Copenhagen looks after the down-and-outs and carries on an em¬ ployment agency, a bureau of adop¬ tion for poor children, and a day nursery. SWITZERLAND There is complete and absolute liberty of conscience and creed in Switzer¬ land. No one is bound to pay taxes especially appropriated to the defray¬ ing expenses of a creed to which he does not belong. Switzerland has an area of 16,000,000 square miles; no part of it is within 100 miles of the sea. The arable land is only about one-eighth of the whole surface. The popula¬ tion is a little over 3,000,000. Two- thirds of the population are Protest¬ ant and one-third Roman Catholic. The work of the Methodist Episcopal Church was extended in 1856 from Germany to Lausanne and Zurich. In 1886 the Switzerland Conference was constituted as a separate organi¬ zation. There were then 25 preachers in full connection and one on trial. 40 BULGARIA With a population of over 4,250,000, Bulgaria contributed for the time she was at war some 400,000 men. Her casualties were over 10% of this gross amount; in fact, one out of every hundred men, women and children were killed. The population is mostly of Slavic origin. SERBIA Killed (estimated) : Disease killed 600,- 000 in one year of the war; over 400,000 later; 22%,. Another 1,000,- 000 is estimated to have fallen. 22%. Refugees (estimated) : 200,000 refugees are in Italy, 4%. Territory devastated (estimated) : of the approximate 34,000 square miles about 20,000 have been ruined, chiefly agricultural and grazing lands, 58%. FINLAND Methodism has been in the Grand- Duchy of Finland for thirty years, and for fifteen years legally estab¬ lished, working with much success among the Finns and Swedes, while in Russia our work has been develop¬ ing steadily among various national¬ ities. We now number 12 preachers, 15 preaching places, 6 chapels, 19 Sunday Schools with an enrollment ofi 761, and a Deaconess Home doing a splendid work among the sick and needy. 41 INDIA FACTS TO PONDER There are 315,000,000 people in India, one-fifth of the world’s population. This population includes 217,000,000 Hindus, 66,000,000 Mohammedans, 10,- 000,000 Buddhists, 10,000,000 Animists, 4,000,000 Christians and 8,000,000 un¬ classified. India embraces 1,802,657 square miles. It has 175 persons to the square mile. The United States has 27. India worships 330,000,000 deities and has 5,500,000 Holy Men, who live by begging. The members of more than 30,000 castes and sub-castes in India cannot eat or drink together, intermarry or have any form of intercourse. 50,000,000 outcastes, the lower caste, have no social or religious privileges. Outcasts are not permitted to enter a temple or to speak the name of the Indian gods. India gave Buddhism and Hinduism to the world. The woman in India has a hard lot. Baby girls are never welcomed and are often murdered. The girl is in bondage to her father. The wife must give absolute obedience to her husband. The widow is the ward of her sons. A woman is regarded unworthy of an education. 42 A widow suffers every obloquy, her head is shaven, she is deprived of her jew¬ els, and clothed in coarse garments. There are 26 millions of these widows. 400,000 of them are under 15 years of age. Women have had a large part in medi¬ cal work in India, for they alone can reach the women secluded in the Zcnsnss India has 730,000 villages in which 80 per cent of its population live. Filth and unspeakable immorality char¬ acterize many of these villages. There is little knowledge of sanitation. The missionary doctor has to work against heavy odds of superstition and fear. The village farmers scratch the top of the soil with antiquated wooden plows. Millions are always hungry in a rich land which raises two crops a year. The average annual income per capita is $9.00. ILLITERACY’S CHALLENGE India’s illiteracy is a challenge to Chris¬ tian education. 288,000,000 are unable to read or write. Ignorance and superstition abound. In the intellectual and religious unrest among the student class of India there is a real opportunity. Education is one of the greatest needs of India. In its train follow social elevation and relaxation of caste. 43 A strong type of educated Christian leadership is needed. Schools for girls and widows are being established. A Hindu Woman’s University is plan- ned. 54,000,000 people in India are depend¬ ent on the Methodists of America for the blessings that accrue from being able to read and write. SIGNS OF A NEW DAY The dominating fact in the life of In¬ dia to-day is a new national con¬ sciousness. In politics it is a movement towards national unity, democracy and self- government. In social life it is a striving to break the fetters of caste. In the religious life its most striking expression is in the Mass Movement toward Christianity. India’s new national consciousness pre¬ sents to the Christian Church an in¬ creased need and opportunity. Christianity has that for which India is seeking. An active spirit of social reform is abroad. India sent 1,500,000 fighting men into the World War. These men will return with new vision and demands. The caste system received a heavy bom¬ bardment of common sense on the firing line in France. 44 The business of Christianity in India to¬ day is to quicken the spiritual forces which are the soul of liberty and progress. During the past ten years Buddhists in¬ creased 11 per cent, Mohammedans 6 per cent, Hindus 4 per cent and Protestant Indian Christians 48 per cent. THE MASS MOVEMENT The Mass Movement of the lowest classes in India toward Christianity is the greatest missionary phenomenon since the Christian Church was founded. It is the dominating fact in the mis¬ sionary situation in India to-day. Entire villages are seeking Christ. The daily wage of the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church who have come in through the Mass Move¬ ment averages 3 cents. They labor under pitiless social oppres¬ sion. They live in small mud houses. They sleep on the ground. Millions eat only one meal a day. The outcasts are allowed to own only a broken dish, a hoe and a donkey. Toil, burdens, injustice, plagues, hunger and pain are their heritage. The Methodist Episcopal Church alone baptized 40,000 in 1915. At present it is baptizing 1,000 a week. In 1918 over 150,000 were refused bap¬ tism for lack of Christian teachers. 45 There are 6,000,000 now asking for in¬ struction and Christian baptism. If they are refused baptism they will become hostile to Christianity. If baptized without instruction they will become a menace. If furnished teachers and pastors they will become a strong, intelligent Church. A million a year might be baptized if pastoral care and teaching could be provided. Many outcastes are to-day India’s lead¬ ing educators, preachers, lawyers, doc¬ tors, civil engineers, contractors and merchants, because of Christianity. Their homes are modern and compare favorably with those of their high caste neighbors. Along each of the avenues of approach, education, medicine and straight evan¬ gelistic work, the Mass Movement is an insistent challenge. METHODISM IN INDIA Methodism began its work in India in a cow stable in 1856. There are now 335,000 members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in India. Of every 100 of these 16 can read. 60.000 Methodist children are without schools. There are 20,000 Epworth Leaguers and 139,000 Sunday School pupils. The educated classes are great readers. Christian literature of a high type is needed in large quantities. 46 The Methodist Episcopal press at Luck¬ now and at Madras has a remarkable record of services in seven languages. There is a great demand for books in the vernacular for Christian converts, text-books for Methodist schools, and books which will convey to non- Christians the essential truths of Christian faith. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN INDIA 19 18 Property— No. Valuation Churches, chapels, par¬ sonages, homes. 823 $920,994 Educational institutions and presses. 62 Hospitals and dispen¬ saries . 4 1,449,739 Total property . $2,370,733 Staff— 235 Missionaries of the Board— men, 121; women, 114 74 Anglo-Indian assistants 6,254 Native preachers and workers 2,713 Teachers Students and pupils. 40,588 Membership . 337.728 Sunday School scholars. 139,537 Epworth League members. 19,598 Unbaptized adherents. ...Not given 47 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN INDIA 1918-1922 Property— 275 Rural chapels. 450 Preachers’ houses. 45 Missionary residences.... Land for above. 100 Village schools. 1,000 Teachers’ houses.. 15 Missionary residences... “The Butler Memorial”—- Delhi Mission Center.. Added plant for Second¬ ary High and Theologi¬ cal Schools and for the Lucknow College. j Improvement and devel¬ opment of three hospi¬ tals and a dispensary.. Total property and equip- $1,117,262 M,554,951 47,500 ment .. Endowment $2,719,713 $1,247,000 Staff and Maintenance— 1,050 Native workers.. 74 Missionaries . $906,876 1,300 Rural teachers. 20 Missionaries . 717,490 14 Native workers — nurses and others. 4 Missionaries—doctors and nurses . 33,4 90 Total staff and mainte¬ nance .$1,657,856 Total requirements.$5,624,569 From local receipts. 279,787 From home base. 5,344,782 48 INVESTMENTS IN INDIA $20 supports an orphan in school a year. $25 supports a boy in boarding school a year. $35 buys a bicycle for a village pastor. $35 supports a college student for a year. $50 pays salary of a primary teacher for a year. $50 supports a Bible training school stu¬ dent a year. $60 pays a village pastor’s salary for a year. $60 sends a gospel to 6 or 8 pleading vil¬ lages. $100 supports a village primary school a year. $100 builds a village church. $200 supports an ordained preacher a year. $200 builds a village school building. $250 pays the salary of an Indian Dis¬ trict Superintendent a year. $500 builds a modern “Circuit Center”— Institutional church. $2,000 builds a grammar school building. $5,000—$10,000 builds a high school building. $600 equips a high school laboratory. $500—$1,000 builds a school dormitory. $2,000—$4,000 builds a memorial church, buys a motorcycle or a Ford car, and doubles a missionary’s efficiency. $600 endows a high school scholarship. $800 endows a college scholarship. $8,000 endows a headmastership in a Christian school. 49 JAPAN THINGS TO KNOW The area of Japan equals 148,756 square miles. The population includes 54,000,000 people. The Japanese are hard workers. They are ambitious, aggressive, cour¬ teous, self-reliant and economical. Japan is a world factor. It is the land of achievement. It occupies a position of leadership throughout Asia to-day. In the World War Japan presented the curious spectacle of a feudal and auto¬ cratic nation ostensibly fighting to make the world safe for democracy. Efficiency is Japan’s watchword, success its purpose. Yesterday Japan copied other nations. To-day Japan is discovering and invent¬ ing. The army, police and medical systems are modelled after Germany. The judicial system comes from France. Intensive farming was learned from China. Japan modelled its telegraph, postal and banking systems after America. The navy and merchant marine is of English pattern. IN EDUCATION The teaching of religion, and ethics founded on religion, is prohibited in the schools. The schools teach patriotism and loyalty 50 without giving them a reasonable and fundamental basis. Japan has a system of universal educa¬ tion which enrolls 98 per cent of the children of school age. Thousands of students from China, Ko¬ rea, the Philippines and India come to her schools and colleges, making these islands a strategic point for Christianity. Out of thirty thousand of college grade in Tokyo, nine-tenths definitely en¬ rolled themselves as without religion. Among the influential student class ag¬ nosticism, selfishness, and materialism are destructive forces. There is a Protestant communion of 150,000 members in Japan. Great Christian missionaries had much to do with launching the new educa¬ tional system in Japan. The demand for admittance to Chris¬ tian schools and colleges is greater than can be granted. The Aoyama Gakuin at Tokyo provides collegiate, theological and preparatory training for six hundred Christian students. Western industry and commerce, which break down old moral restraints with¬ out bringing any new moral or re¬ ligious power, is the “White Disaster” for Japan. INDUSTRIAL AWAKENINGS The shriek of Japan’s factory whistles may herald only a curse to Japan and the East. 51 The number of factories in Japan in¬ creased from 125 to 20,000 in 34 years. A vigorous moral and social conscience is needed to protest against the waste and cruelty of child labor in Japan. Nothing but the Christian conception of the worth of the individual will save Japan from the wide destructiveness of modern machinery driven by com¬ mercial greed. One-half of Japan’s industries are con¬ ducted with modern machinery. The majority of female workers are under twenty years of age. More people die yearly of tuberculosis in Japan than were killed in the Russo-Japanese War. Government statistics declare that out of every 100 girls to enter factory work, 23 die within one year of their return home, and 53 per cent of these die of tuberculosis. Among the tragic factory laws of Japan is this: “Little children shall not work before four in the morning nor after ten at night. Women may not work more than 12 hours a day, except in unusual circumstances.” Notwithstanding the small percentage of arable territory in Japan sixty per cent of the population is directly en¬ gaged in agriculture. RELIGION IN JAPAN The gods and goddesses of Shinto, the primitive religion of Japan, number 8 , 000 , 000 . 52 Shinto is the religion of the majority of the upper classes. Buddism is the strongest rival of Chris¬ tianity in Japan. Pessimism is the keynote of Buddhism. It came to Japan 1,500 years ago from China by way of Korea. Temples of Buddha are full of ritual, ceremony, candles, incense, images and processions. No force could be introduced into Japan so strong and beneficent as Chris¬ tianity. Out of 55,000,000 people there are only about 150,000 native Protestant Chris¬ tians in Japan. 26,000,000 are absolutely untouched by the Word of God. Millions have never heard Christian teaching. In the last three years 1,200,000 copies of the Bible were sold in Japan. * METHODISM IN JAPAN Methodism in Japan is in a unique posi¬ tion, unmatched in any other land. The Japanese Methodist Church was formed in 1907 out of members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and the Canadian Methodist Church. The Japanese Methodist Church grew out of Church unity in the field and the rise of the native church to self- direction and self-support. The Methodist Episcopal Church con¬ tributed 45 churches and 5,500 mem¬ bers. 53 The Japanese Methodist Church has 19,570 communicants, 384 Japanese workers, 134 ordained ministers, 177 churches and 34,384 enrolled in its Sunday Schools. While the number of Sunday School scholars has increased over three and a half times in fourteen years there is still only one child in fifty con¬ nected with a Sunday School. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church has in Japan two schools and one publish¬ ing house, with a total property valua¬ tion of $270,000; forty-one mission¬ aries ; forty native teachers, and 1,051 students and pupils. THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN JAPAN AND KOREA 1918-1922 Property— 46 Churches—Japan 48 Churches—Korea * 10 Parsonages—Japan 12 Mission Houses and Residences— Japan 3 Missionary Residences—Korea $453,865 Additional Buildings and equip¬ ment for 9 Primary Schools—Korea 3 High Schools—Korea 1 High School (Chinzei)—Japan 1 Christian College (Chosen)—Korea 1 Christian College (Aoyama)—Japan 1 Union Theological Seminary—Ko¬ rea 54 2 Bible Institutes—Korea 1 Publishing House—Japan $944,339 Additional Buildings and Equip¬ ment for 4 Hospitals—Korea 2 Dispensaries—Korea I Union Medical College—Korea $58,730 Total property and equip¬ ment .$1,456,934 Endowment . 641,500 Staff and Maintenance— 18 Missionaries—Japan 12 Missionaries—Korea 81 Native Preachers—Japan $269,582 18 Native Teachers—Japan 17 Native Teachers—Korea 174,878 4 Doctors—Korea 3 Nurses—Korea 24 Native Assistants—Korea 63,834 Total staff and maintenance $508,294 Total requirements .$2,606,728 From local receipts .... 267,683 From home base . 2,339,045 INVESTMENTS IN JAPAN AND KOREA $50 will support a boy in boarding school for a year. $75 will give a year’s scholarship in theological school. 55 $125 will pay the yearly salary of a Korean teacher. $500 will buy needed laboratory equip¬ ment. $600 will build a Bible Institute which will become self-supporting. $800 will build a dormitory in a Korean school. $2,000 will build a residence for foreign teachers. $25 will organize a Sunday School and maintain it for a year. $100 will support a Bible woman for a year. $125 will support a native preacher for a year. $650 will build a church in Korea. $50 will furnish a free bed in a mis¬ sion hospital. $100 will aid in the purchase of instru¬ ments. $250 will build a ward in a hospital. $350 will build a home for nurses in training. $1,200 will equip a dispensary. $2,000 will buy an X-ray machine. $50 will support a boarding school pupil. $75 provides a scholarship in a theo¬ logical school. $10,000 will build a high school or col¬ lege dormitory. $50,000 will build a college building. v 56 KOREA THE WAY TO THE EAST Seoul, the capital of Korea, is 48 hours from Tokyo and 46 from Peking. Korea includes 84,000 square miles. It has 16,500,000 people. A quarter of a million of them are Christian. The peninsula of Korea, with its out¬ lying islands, is nearly equal in size to Minnesota or Great Britain. Korea has been almost exclusively an agricultural nation. All overland travel before 1900 was on foot, by chair or on the back of a pony. The trend of the present-day Korea is to industrialism. Beet-sugar factories, iron refineries, pa¬ per mills, leather factories, and other industries make Korea a fertile field for manufacturers to cultivate. This new development brings with it a gripping problem. Only the Christian spirit among em¬ ployers can prevent Korean women and children suffering from factory evils. Arithmetic and higher mathematics, geography, grammar and natural sci¬ ence were first introduced into Korea by the Christian schools. Through Christian influence early mar¬ riage is now, at least theoretically, forbidden by law. 57 AN EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY The Koreans are keen, intelligent, and eager for education. Modern schools are increasing in Ko¬ rean cities. These State schools cover the first four years only and can accommodate but 10 per cent of the children of school age. In most of Korea’s 1,584 native schools the basis of study is still the Chinese classics. Korea must have trained native leader¬ ship. Schools are necessary for this training. The government has separate schools for Koreans and Japanese. Korea depends on Church schools for its leaders. Until Christian missions entered Chosen less than ten per cent of the popu¬ lation and practically all the women were illiterate. The Koreans love education above all things. The Korean youth needs an education that banishes indolence, the bane of Korea-of-the-past. Industrial education in Christian and Government schools is fast overcom¬ ing this condition. T 1- e tradition of woman’s isolation in Korea has in the past shut her off from the opportunities of education. Mission schools, with their emphasis on the dignity and position of wo- 58 men, have opened a new door for her. To-day several thousand Korean girls are in school, being trained to a sense of neatness, cleanliness and industrial skill. PHYSICIANS NEEDED Korea’s history is blotted by the ravages of disease. Cholera, typhus, smallpox and the bu¬ bonic plague formerly carried off thousands yearly. There are still in Korea many boys whose bodies are marked with scars made by native doctors who burned the skin with red-hot punk to cure the devils. The mission schools and hospitals have now almost driven these quacks out of business. Sanitary laws and official control over food, drink and drugs have made a new Korea. The Swedish Methodist Episcopal Hos¬ pital at Wonju provides the only Christian doctor among 400,000 people. There is only one other trained physi¬ cian in an area of 9,000 square miles. Medicine is one of Korea’s great needs. Less than 2,000,000 Koreans know what a hospital means. Spirits and disease are inextricably en¬ tangled in the Korean’s mind. Three Korean babies out of every five die in babyhood. 59 KOREA’S RELIGION The religion of Korea is a mixture of ancestor worship, Animism, Taoism and Buddhism. There are more gods than people in Korea. The natives are in constant fear of the wrath of some of these gods. The all-round Korean, when in society is a Confucianist, a Buddhist when he philosophizes, and a spirit-wor¬ shiper when he is in trouble. Dragons, devils, elves, imps and gob¬ lins enliven the religion of Korea. The Christian Korean has constructed a pocket in his clothing, known as “the Bible pocket.” The native Christians, especially in the small towns, will make sharp sacri¬ fices out of their few cents’ daily wage to lift a mortgage from their modest little church. In no country has it been more evident that the work of Christian missions has paid than in Korea. TO INFLUENCE THREE NATIONS The customs, superstitions and religions of both China and Japan have influ¬ enced Korea. Every dollar invested in Christian mis¬ sions in Korea serves there and in Japan. Chinese: students returning from Chris¬ tian countries are watching Korea. The spirit of materialism is abroad in both Japan and Korea. 60 Christianity must meet Japan’s best to overcome this danger. A strongly Christianized people in Korea will open up undreamed-of pos¬ sibilities in China. It will affect Japan tremendously. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN KOREA 1918 Property— No. Valua- Churches, chapels, parson- tion ages, homes .596 $95,529 Educational institutions and presses. 11 Hospitals and dispensaries.. 4 296,411 Total property . $391,940 Staff— 41 Missionaries and foreign workers 689 Native preachers and workers 437 Teachers. 1,167 Total staff Students and pupils . 7,899 Membership ..24,069 Sunday School scholars.33,249 Epworth League members. Not given Unbaptized adherents . Not given THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN KOREA (See page 54.) 61 MALAYSIA WHERE RACES ARE A-MAKING Malaysia includes the Malay Peninsula and the surrounding islands in South¬ eastern Asia. Malaysia could maintain ten times its present population. More than one-half the world’s supply of tin comes from the Malay penin¬ sula. The Peninsula is also the leading coun¬ try in the production of cultivated rubber. The wealth of Malaysia attracts about 500,000 immigrants every year from southern China and southern India. These fuse with the Malays. The Chinese become the merchants, and much of the business of the archipel¬ ago is in their hands. The Indians are interested chiefly in ag¬ riculture. The “wild man of Borneo” still exists in the savage Dyak. Sixty-nine languages and dialects are employed in Singapore alone. This meeting-place of the East and West—Singapore—is the strategic point in Malaysia. Singapore is the third port of the Orient, and even before the war sur¬ passed Liverpool’s yearly shipping rec¬ ord by 1,000,000 tons. European and allied races own or con¬ trol the big business of the city. 62 Sanitation is unknown in Malaysia. BO per cent of the Javanese are victims of some disease. The Methodists have a hospital in Java —the only one in Malaysia—and a doctor in West Borneo. The Dutch Government has offered to pay three-fourths of the cost of build¬ ing hospitals and to provide for their upkeep if the Methodist Mission will furnish the doctors and nurses. EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA A circle around Singapore with a ra¬ dius of 1,200 miles would take in a population of over 60,000,000 people, yet in that area there is no school of college grade. Probably about five per cent of the na¬ tive Malay men can read and write, not more than one per cent of the women. Two-thirds of all the scholars in the schools are Chinese. The usual type of Malay school is a hoax. It is conducted by a Moslem who man¬ aged to learn the Arabic alphabet and to recite, without understanding, parts of the Koran. This entitled this man to visit Mecca, whence he returns a sacred person¬ age in the eyes of the ignorant. He profits by this superstition and there¬ after does nothing but extract large fees from the natives for his so-called schooling. 63 The most popular grammar of the Ma¬ lay language, and the only complete English-Malay dictionary, was written by Dr. W. C. Shellabear, for twenty- five years a Methodist missionary in Malaysia and probably the foremost Malay scholar. The Anglo-Chinese School, founded by Bishop W. F. Oldham when he went as a pioneer Methodist missionary to Singapore, is now the largest educa¬ tional institution in the Far East, out¬ side of Japan. Now even the Dyaks are asking for schools and the Government has agreed to erect buildings if the Mis¬ sions will supply native teachers. The same offer, however, has been made to the Arabs, who will seize the op¬ portunity to extend Mohammedanism, if Christians do not respond first. THE RELIGIOUS SITUATION It is estimated that there are 30,000,- 000 Mohammedans in the archipelago, practically all native Malays. With a population of 306,000, Singapore, the radiating center of Malaysia, has only three Methodist churches. The Methodists are the only American missionaries in Malaysia. Probably not more than one-fourth of the expenses of the Malaysia Mission has been supplied by the home treas¬ ury, for the institutions are practi¬ cally self-supporting. 64 WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN MALAYSIA 1918 Property— No. Valuation Churches, parsonages, chap¬ els, homes.65 $147,629 Educational institutions and presses .18 Hospitals and dispensaries. 1 309,903 Total property . $457,532 Staff— 84 Missionaries and foreign workers 140 Native preachers and workers 301 Teachers 525 Total staff Students and pupils....7,588 Membership . .....4,443 Sunday School scholars.4,669 Epworth League members. 818 Unbaptized adherents ..1,559 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA 1918-1922 Property and Equipment— 25 Chapels . 14 Missionary residences and parsonages . Land for above. $228,400 18 Village schools. 7 Boys’ boarding schools. 1 Orphanage and preparatory school . 65 I High school . 1 College. 2 Theological schools. 5 Teachers’ residences. $478,700 10 Hospitals . 2 Doctors’ houses. $185,000 Total property and equip¬ ment . $892,100 Endowment . 400,000 Staff and Maintenance— 27 Native preachers. 20 Missionaries . 10 Pastor-teachers . . , 1 Missionary teacher 10 Doctors. 2 Native workers.... $184,660 13,850 64,860 Total staff and mainte¬ nance . $263,370 Total requirements.$1,555,470 From local receipts. 382.520 From home base. 1,172,950 INVESTMENTS IN MALAYSIA $200 with the assistance of the natives will build a parsonage. $250 will aid the natives in paying the yearly salary of a preacher. $800 will take care *)f a Chinese preach¬ er for a year. 66 $850 will buy an automobile for an itin¬ erating preacher. $1,000 with the aid of the natives will build a church. $2,000 will buy a motor boat for use in the islands. $40 will support a student in Bible training school for a year. $200 will open a village primary school. $300 will aid in the translation and pub¬ lication of needed books. $850 will pay the salary of a native teacher in Anglo-Chinese College. $2,000 will build a preparatory school. $2,100 will pay the yearly salary of a foreign preacher. $1,000 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Pontianak. $1,000 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Palenbang. $2,500 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Bandjor. $3,000 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Boemiajoe. $4,000 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Atjeh. $10,000 will be our part toward the hos¬ pital at Soerabaja. 67 MEXICO OUR SOUTHERN NEIGHBOR Mexico will be a source of ceaseless anxiety to the people of the United States until its national thinking and ideals are brought to higher levels. The salvation of Mexico is not applica¬ tion of force from outside but the development of new forces on the in¬ side. The only solution of the Mexican prob¬ lem is an invasion of Christian preach¬ ers, teachers and physicians, the es¬ tablishment of churches, schools and hospitals, in order to enable Mexico to realize her own destiny of self- government, and moral and spiritual progress. The United States Government spent money enough in the patrol of the Mexican border the first six months of military occupation to build a col¬ lege, a hospital, a church and a social settlement, all magnificently equipped, in every town of over 4,000 in the Re¬ public of Mexico and to provide for their maintenance for ten years. Mexico has 15 millions of people. Eighty per cent are illiterate and un¬ used to democratic institutions such as ours. 68 Both the aboriginal inhabitants, the Indians, and the mixed race of Spanish and Indian stock, are peons. They are attached to estates frequently a million acres in extent. They have no land of their own and are kept in ignorance and poverty. These people often become bandits. Among such illiterate people there can be no intelligent public opinion to make possible a stable representa¬ tive government. Schools are few in number, and even in peace times no attempt is made by the Mexican government to overcome illiteracy. Among the Indians, who constitute 40 per cent of the population, educa¬ tion is unknown. Mexico has suffered greatly from re¬ volution, famine and disease. Mexico is in a state of debt, slavery and peonage. 90% of the land is held by a small frac¬ tion of the population. In Mexico the Roman Catholic Church has been the relentless foe of free thought and speech, of a free press and free public schools. It has been the agent of the rule of oppression and the means of exploit¬ ing the people. Foreign religious leaders, under the new constitution, priests or ministers, are not allowed to do religious work in the country. 69 This provision is designed to kill the po¬ litical influence of the Roman Catho¬ lic Church. It has not interfered with Protestant re¬ ligious work. Protestant ministers are not allowed to administer the sacraments but may re¬ main in Mexico and teach, preach, and publish literature. Superstition and immorality are inter¬ woven into the religious life of the native. For 400 years, since their discovery by white men—Mexicans have been with¬ out the Bible or a knowledge of the living Christ. The sales of Bibles in Mexico increased over four times during the last few years. The courage of missionaries in sticking to their posts in time of greatest need and danger has created a favorable disposition toward Protestant Chris¬ tianity. Many of the constitutionalist generals and other leaders are either Protest¬ ants or attend Protestant services. 70 WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN MEXICO 1918 Property— No. Valuation Churches, chapels, parson¬ ages, homes .103 $319,950 Educational institutions and presses. 4 Hospitals and dispensa¬ ries . 1 198,200 Total property . $518,150 Staff— 21 Missionaries and foreign workers 143 Native preachers and workers 169 Teachers 333 Total staff Students and pupils . 5,469 Membership . 8,043 Sunday School scholars. 4,603 Epworth League members.2,992 Unbaptized adherents .11,320 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN MEXICO 1918-1922 Property— 77 Churches . 17 Parsonages, land, addi¬ tions . .$412,850* 66 Schools: buildings, land, fur¬ niture, equipment. 183,050 71 1 Hospital: improvement, plant, equipment. $4,400 An adequate medical pro¬ gram is under considera¬ tion . Total property and equip¬ ment . $600,300 Endowment . 200,000 Staff and Maintenance— 4 Missionaries . 78 Native teachers . 102 Native teachers. 6 Native nurses and others 4 Missionaries, doctors and nurses, and other maintenance expenses .. $178,650 165,200 65,475 Total staff . $409,325 Total requirements .$1,209,625 From local receipts .... 395,360 From home base . 814,265 Includes $250,000 for new church and headquarters in Mexico, of which $200,000 is expected from sale of old property. 72 SOUTH AMERICA ASTOUNDING STATEMENTS In body, South America is a rugged giant with great riches at its com¬ mand; in mind and soul, South Amer¬ ica is stunted by illiteracy and irre- ligion. South America may be termed the con¬ tinent of superlatives. It contains the highest peak in the West¬ ern Hemisphere; the loftiest navigable lake in the world; and the earth’s greatest river. South America is three times as large as China and four times as large as India. Brazil alone is the fourth largest coun¬ try in the world. It is larger than the whole of Europe. The Argentine Republic could hold all of the United States east of the Mis¬ sissippi, plus the first tier of States west of it. Chile is called the shoestring republic. This narrow country is long enough to reach from New York to San Fran¬ cisco. Its area is four times that of Nebraska. The Amazon river system has over 50,- 000 miles of navigable waterway, enough to tie two loops around our planet. South America has larger unknown areas than any continent, not excepting Africa. 73 Mr. Roosevelt found an entirely un¬ known river system in Brazil, when he discovered the “River of Doubt.” Ignorance of South America in the United States is due to self-satisfied complacency. The ABC countries of South America are Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. They are the leading republics of South America. Trade with South America has increased and expanded in many directions and a new knowledge of commercial and agricultural possibilities has quickened interest greatly. The Panama Canal has brought the west coast of South America within easy reach of the United States. It is a day’s journey by train across some of the million-acre farms in Brazil and Argentina where they raise stock and grow rice, wheat, corn, al¬ falfa, tobacco and coffee. Half the rubber of the world comes from tropical America. Brazil produces three-fourths of the world’s coffee supply. Enough sugar is produced in one prov¬ ince of Argentina to sweeten this coffee. The supposedly barren wastes of Peru yielded in one year 1,700,000 tons of sugar cane. 1 Our famous copper mines in Michigan, Montana, and Arizona are surpassed in richness by those on the west coast of South America. 74 More tin is mined in Bolivia than any¬ where else in the world except in the Malay Peninsula. Chile’s nitrates fertilize the fields of the world and bring her an annual revenue in export duties of over fif¬ teen million dollars. POPULATION Only a third of South America’s popula¬ tion is of pure white blood. This is less than 15 million. In Peru and Ecuador, only one person in seventeen is white; nearly three- quarters are Indian. The rest are Chi¬ nese and mixed. Mixed races, such as white and Indian or white and Negro, form 40 per cent of the population of the continent. There are several million Indians and other native peoples who have not been reached by any Church whatever and are as pagan as any tribes in the heart of Africa. A million immigrants a year were pour¬ ing into South America before the World War. They came from Italy, Spain, Germany, England, Holland, Scandinavia, Por¬ tugal, China, Japan and India. There are over six million Africans among the twenty-five million people in Brazil, and many of them the crudest type of Negro on the Ameri¬ can Hemisphere. Chile’s tillable soil is held by seven per cent of the population. 75 MORAL PROBLEMS Illegitimacy robs many children in South America of normal home life. We cannot overlook the fact that coun¬ tries where 20 to 60 per cent of the people are of illegitimate birth, are lands of desperate moral need. Alcoholism is rife on the west coast of South America. In Valparaiso, Chile, there is one saloon for every 24 men. LACK OF SANITATION There is a crying need in South Amer¬ ica for education along the line of sanitation and public hygiene. Open sewers run through the streets of many cities and in some sections small¬ pox is a continuous epidemic. In Chile, which has one of the finest cli¬ mates in the world, the death-rate is twice that of the United States or Western Europe. Three-quarters of the children there die before reaching two years of age. EDUCATION NEEDED Three out of every four people in South America can neither read nor write. Elementary schools are the least devel¬ oped part of the educational system of South America. In Brazil the rate of illiteracy is 71 per cent; in Argentina, 50 per cent; in Chile, 63 per cent; Columbia, 80 per cent. The rate in the United States is 7.7 per cent. 76 Bolivia recently offered a Presbyterian minister the position of head of its educational department, with full pow¬ ers. Ecuador called in a Methodist preacher to help in its normal schools and Peru is using American educators in the State schools. Models for education everywhere are the Methodist Episcopal missionary col¬ leges, such as Sao Paulo, the Ameri¬ can Institute at La Paz, and the Girls’ College at Santiago. Universities and higher schools are for intellectuals or those of pure white blood. The universities are non-religious. The students and nrofessors are agnostic or openly infidel. The large and well-equipped universities such as the one in Buenos Ayres are under State control and a strongly marked leadership of highly educated men. The gigantic population which is certain in South America will be materialistic, agnostic, weak in moral character and spiritual ideals unless the Gospel of Christ can be built into the life of the continent. Lord Bryce says: “It is a grave misfor¬ tune that both the intellectual life and ethical standards of conduct seem to be entirely divorced from religion.” -anxiO - oi sammA diuoS tsanas aHT 77 SPIRITUAL DESTITUTION u,vt 10 i TO Back of the moral needs of South Amer¬ ica is a condition of spiritual destitu¬ tion. The Bible in South America is prac¬ tically an unknown book. The Gospel of a living Christ is an un¬ known story. Again and again the priests have burned Bibles distributed by the missionaries who were then driven out of the vil¬ lages where they were at work. South America has been “The Neglected Continent” in Christian Missions. The total number of ordained foreign missionaries in South America in 1916 was 320. There was one ordained clergyman of evangelical churches for every 156,250 of the population. In any of the ten republics of South America a missionary could have a city and dozens of towns for his par¬ ish. In some of the countries he could have one or two provinces without touch¬ ing any other evangelical worker. There are more ordained ministers in the State of Iowa than in all South America, with Mexico -band Central America added. o 1 mD3a iDubnoo to abusbriBfa Ispirte THE APPEAL TO US The appeal of South America to Chris¬ tian North America is strongly re¬ enforced by two considerations. 78 First is the responsibility which its near¬ ness and unity of interests with North America put upon us. Second is the needs of its democracy: the necessity of a vital Protestant Christianity if the democracies are to be homes of freedom and justice. Europeans who came first to South America were impelled by a spirit of adventure, lust for gold, and the de¬ sire for conquest. The conquerors of South America were militarists from western Europe bent on errands of destruction and loot. The founders of New England sought freedom to worship God and were driven by love for liberty. The difference of purpose and ideals and racial stock of the settlers of the two continents explains much of the diver¬ gence between the history of the two continents. The Pan-American Bureau, with head¬ quarters at Washington, D. C., is a powerful organization under the active support of the President of the United States and the Presidents of South American republics, to promote closer relationships. Two conferences of great importance were held in 1915. One was a gathering of financiers from 21 American republics held under the auspices of the United States Govern¬ ment. The second was a Pan-American Scien¬ tific Congress, bringing a different group of visitors from Latin America. 79 The Congress on Christian Work in Latin America, with 481 delegates from all Christian countries, met in February, 1916, at Panama. The reports of this Congress are a most exhaustive study of social, educational and spiritual conditions of Latin America ever made. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN SOUTH AMERICA AND PANAMA 1918 Property— No. Valuation Churches, chapels, par¬ sonages, homes.114 $1,372,422 Educational institutions and presses. 16 313,518 Hospitals and dispensa¬ ries Total property. $1,685,940 Staff— 137 Missionaries and foreign workers 239 Native preachers and workers 152 Teachers 528 Total staff Students and pupils. 2,608 Membership .14,966 Sunday School scholars.....12,424 Epworth Leagues members. 1,459 Unbaptized adherents . 5,910 80 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN SOUTH AMERICA AND PANAMA 1918-1922 Property— 86 Churches and chapels.... 31 Parsonages . 4 Missionary residences... $1,472,725 4 Seminary and Training schools ... >. 3 Colleges .. 14 High schools . 29 Elementary schools...... 1 Agricultural school...... 2,041,405 5 Hospitals . 500,000 Total property and ' equipment .. $4,014,130 Endowment . 1,173,520 Staff and Maintenance— 64 National preachers. 24 Missionary preachers... $578,180 158 National teachers.... 126 Missionary teachers..... 1,178,260 4 National deaconesses and nurses . 9 Missionary deaconesses and nurses . 30,440 Total staff . $1,786,880 Total requirements . $6,974,530 From local receipts .. 1,350,326 From home base . 5,624,204 * rr; SOUTH AMERICA INVESTMENTS $10 will furnish needed Hntern slides on the life of Christ. $50 will purchase a horse for an itin¬ erant preacher. 81 $75 will send a national preacher to theological school for a year. $200 will provide equipment for a chapel. $350 will pay the salary of a national preacher for a year. $80 will build a chapel in unoccupied territory. $1,000 will buy land for a church or a parsonage in a city. $10 will pay the tuition of an Indian boy for a year. - $25 will maintain a' child in primary school for a year. o $30 will keep a student in advanced school for a year, -r . $150 will send out a national primary teacher. \ $200 will provide the equipment for a primary school. $850 will send an Indian teacher into unoccupied territory. $900 will buy land for an elementary school. $50 will care for an out-of-door clinic patient for a year. $150 will maintain a free hospital bed for a year. $200 will support a national nurse for a year. $250 will buy a share in a hospital of a hundred beds. $360 will pay the salary of a national trained nurse for a year. $750 will pay the yearly salary of a nurse from the United States. 82 PANAMA fa , T -©gag dtfi ?3vii£ri ina'gmsrjni aiom sril THE WORLD’S CROSSROADS 2snirf5£3t jiioroilfli [(g {jtb The Panama Canal is like a turnstile between the two great ocean fields of the world: the Atlantic and the Paci¬ fic. Through this gateway steamers from all over the 'yvorld, and people of all nations, are constantly passing. Plere are two growing cities, Panama and Colon, strategic centers on what may become the greatest commercial highway on the globe. A determined and successful fight was made against disease. Yellow fever was stamped out with the elimination of the mosquito. Extensive sanitary operations involved cleaning up towns, paving and drain¬ ing streets, and installing sewerage systems. -rgrnmcTa. Settlements were built which are the last word in sanitary engineering and construction. It remains for the Churcfr to add to this physical cleanliness iporal sanita¬ tion and spiritual renewing. THE RELIGIOUS CHALLENGE The American missionary has attacked his problem with the same energy and enthusiasm which made possible the svrtcn banimt bins Here is presented, one of the most, cos¬ mopolitan problems of all Methodism. 83 Church and State have been thoroughly divorced. The more intelligent natives are abso¬ lutely unbiased, and open-minded to¬ ward all religious teachings. 300,000 Indians live outside the Canal Zone, most of them in stark paganism with no Christian effort directed to¬ ward them. All of Panama, outside the Canal Zone, has been given Methodism as its de¬ nominational responsibility. METHODISM’S INVESTMENT 10 Methodist Episcopal missionaries, 4 foreign workers, and 9 native helpers constitute our entire force for the Panama Mission. We have 3 congregations, an English, a Spanish, and a West Indian meet¬ ing in Panama, and one Spanish so¬ ciety in Colon. Panama College afforded primary and grammar school instruction, in 1918, to 80 boys, and 100 girls. Guachapali School at Panama has 45 boys and 65 girls from the homes of poor West India Negroes of the ten¬ ement district of Guachapali City. THE FUTURE PROGRAM The Centenary plans to reopen the Methodist Episcopal Church at Colon, now closed for lack of workers. Our working force must be increased ’ and trained native workers must be provided, in order to put our present work upon a more substantial basis, 84 and to take advantage of the remark¬ able opportunities among the masses of the people. The Centenary will enable us to enter the untouched territory outside the Canal Zone by establishing stations at central points from which to work out through the country. Buildings will be provided for both of our schools which are now obliged to meet in the churches. The work of Panama College will be enlarged so that it will become a college in fact as well as in name. For necessary church and parsonage buildings, and to erect schools, as well as to equip and adequately man our work, the Centenary will invest $5,- 624,204 in Panama. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCO¬ PAL CHURCH HAS IN PANAMA (See page 80.) THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN PANAMA (See page 81.) 85 tinrHioqq THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS {i.tnrjo') :)fii rfiguoirfr }no OUR OWN POSSESSIONS The Philippine Islands stand before the world as America’s experiment in de¬ mocracy in the Orient. The United States paid Spain, in 1909, $20,000,000 for this group of 3,000 islands, whose area equals approxi¬ mately that of the New England States, plus New York and Delaware. Several hundred of them are very small and uninhabited—most of the land area is made up by eight of the larger islands of the group—Luzon, Min¬ danao, Panay, Cebu, Samar, Mindoro, Negros and Leyte. Luzon is larger than Pennsylvania; Mindanao, than Indiana; Samar is nearly as large as New Jersey. The islands are sparsely populated. About nine million people live where fifty millions could live. Manila has been called “the hub around which the wheel of Asia turns.” There are 900,000,000 spectators in that Eastern world. The Philippines have a fertile soil and a bountiful rainfall. Vegetation grows there the whole year around—compare this with land in 86 the temperate zone, where the grow¬ ing period is only five months. There has been definite advance in the raising and exporting of copra, the ■ dried meat of the coconut. From 1899 to 1915 the amount exported showed a ninefold increase, with an appreciable rise ip value. Now the islands are among the leaders in copra production. The material prosperity of the Philip¬ pines has been improved by agricul¬ tural methods; good roads and rail¬ roads. There is a future for the Philippines in their hardwood forests if they are conserved and developed. Progress along the line of sanitation has been marked. . v In 1905 there was not a sewer east of the Suez; no provision for the dis¬ posal of human waste even in Manila. Smallpox, once considered an inevitable children’s ailment, has been practically eradicated. The death-rate among small children, however, is still about fifty per cent. 18 years ago 95 per cent of the people were illiterate. To-day 55 per cent are illiterate. 3,000,000 children have been touched by the public school system. American schools teach the dignity of labor by industrial training and im¬ prove the health of the nation by ath¬ letic sports. About 80 per cent of the pupils now par¬ ticipate in some form of athletics. 87 Ten thousand Filipino teachers now as¬ sist the 450 American teachers. They teach in English, which in twenty years has become better known in the polyglot Philippines than Spanish in four hundred years. An American administration in the Philippines has been a salient of dem¬ ocratic influence flung into the midst of Asia. The Philippine offering of soldiers to the United States in the world war was 25,000 well-drilled men. Subscriptions to three Liberty Loans in the Philippines amounted to $8,675,000 and the sale of treasury certificates reached $10,000,000. Evangelization in the Philippines is steadily going on, in spite of heavy obstacles. There are 69 sorts of people in the islands, speaking 34 languages and about a dozen dialects. Even the Philippines are not free from the sign of the Crescent. There are half a million Mohammedans, who live chiefly on the island of Min¬ danao and in the Sulu group. Gambling and cock-fighting are com¬ mon. The superstition resulting from the Spanish friar’s opposition to the progress of scientific knowledge has not yet be^n eradicated. During Passion Week all over the islands men still practice flagellation and gash themselves horribly to gain the blessings of the Church. 88 THE CHURCH AT WORK Protestant denominations have cooper¬ ated in the Philippines so that evan¬ gelical rather than denominational work is stressed. Methodists are responsible for 2,500,000, a large part of Luzon, the most dense¬ ly populated island. WHAT THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH HAS IN THE PHILIPPINES 1918 Property— No. Valuation Churches, chapels, parson¬ ages, homes .266 $176,528 Educational institutions and presses . 2 68,750 Hospitals and dispensaries Total property . $245,278 Staff— 25 Missionaries and foreign workers • • 1,351 Native preachers and workers 60 Teachers 1,436 Total staff Students and pupils . 2,762 Membership .47,725 Sunday School scholars .23,967 Epworth League members. 6,101 Unbaptized adherents .13,941 89 THE CENTENARY PROGRAM IN THE PHILIPPINES 1918-1922 Property— 128 Churches and chapels.... 5 Missionary residences... Land for above. $218,610 1 Christian University_. 7 Dormitories — High School Students . 1 Theological School . 2 Industrial Schools. 355,500 2 Hospitals . 25,000 Total property and equipment . $599,110 Staff and Maintenance— 69 Native preachers . 9 Missionaries . $167,950 7 Native teachers. 5,700 3 Doctors . 27,000 Total staff . $200,650 Total requirements. $799,760 From local receipts.... 132,370 From home base. 667,390 INVESTMENTS IN PHILIPPINES $25 will support a vacation evangelist during the summer. $30 will buy a bicycle for an itinerant preacher. $50 will furnish a scholarship in a Theo¬ logical Seminary. $180 will pay the salary of a native preacher for a year. $250 will aid the natives in building a chapel. $500 with the assistance of the natives, will build a* church. $5,000 will build a mission house. $10 will take a patient to a government hospital. $25 will pay the expenses of a Bible Institute. $50 will keep a high school boy in a Christian hostel for a year. $1,000 will aid in building a Christian hostel for high school pupils. $2,000 will buy land for an industrial school. $2,500 will aid in the opening of a hos¬ pital. $1 will aid in the distribution of tracts. $5 will help the circulating library for native preachers. $8 will supply a Sunday School with literature for a year. $100 will buy books for a shelf in the Theological School library. $500 will print new editions of dialect hymnals. $1,000 will aid in the purchase of new property for the publishing house. 91 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF METHODIST EPIS¬ COPAL FOREIGN MISSIONS THE CHRISTIAN CRUSADE FOR WORLD DEMOCRACY. By S. Earl Taylor and Halford E. Luccock. In terse, picturesque style the reader is carried to the Far East, to Africa, Latin America and parts of Europe, and shown the lack of many of the fundamental necessities of democracy. The Crusade of Christian missions is portrayed as necessary to the winning of the war if democracy is to be safe for the world. 8vo. Illustrated with maps, charts and halftones. Cloth. Net, 75 cents. Paper, net, 50 cents; postpaid The Methodist Book Concern. THE CENTENARY SURVEY OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MIS¬ SIONS OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Board covers. Illustrated with charts and maps. Bound with the Centenary Survey of the Board of Home Mis¬ sions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. $1.00, postpaid. Joint Centenary Committee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 111 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 92 THE PERSPECTIVE OF WORLD WORK Three handy little volumes that fit the pocket. Illustrated. Price 15 cents ; $1.50 per dozen; $10.00 per hundred, postpaid. MISSIONS AND WORLD DEMOC¬ RACY. By George Heber Jones. Democracy is the largest word in the dictionary to-day. This course shows the relation of missions to the democ¬ racy we are fighting for. THE NEW MAP OF THE WORLD. By Halford E. Luccock. It considers the new world map which is being made by the war and the new fron¬ tiers which the Kingdom of God now faces. FOREIGN MISSIONARIES IN AC¬ TION. By L. O. Hartman. A pic¬ turesque trip around the world, pre¬ senting the vivid impressions of an eyewitness. The Methodist Book Concern. THE FOREIGN GRAPHICS Probably the most exquisitely printed booklets dealing with the Foreign field that have ever been published. These are 12 x 9 inches, with covers and backs in colors. They are profusely illustrated with half-tone engravings on richly calendered paper. The text is in large type and consists of brief, readable paragraphs. The following countries are represented in the issue now available: 93 KOREA. Illustrates the transition from a civilization of antiquity to the most sweeping growth of Christianity in Asia. INDIA. Shows the process of de¬ veloping a nation’s soul. SOUTH AMERICA. Tells of the immediate to-morrow of our own continent. AFRICA. Preserves a vivid record of the fast vanishing shadow of Paganism in the Dark Continent. JAPAN. The story of a country that has everything but Christ. CHINA. A pictorial record of the triumph of Christianity. MALAYSIA. A study in cosmo¬ politanism. MEXICO. A book of contrasts. PHILIPPINES. A history in pic¬ tures. TALKING POINTS A series of 8-page leaflets x 6^4 inches, containing concise facts on Foreign Mission fields, prepared for use by District Superintendents, pas¬ tors, Sunday School teachers, Ep- worth Leaguers, and Centenary work¬ ers. 1. South America. 2. China. 3. Philippine Islands. 4. North Africa. 5. Malaysia. 6. Japan. 7. Korea. 8. India. 94 GENERAL FOREIGN MISSION BIBLI- OGRAPHY China: An Interpretation. By James W. Bashford.$2.50 Japan and its Regeneration. By Otis Cary. 50 cents Sunrise in the Sunrise King¬ dom (Japan). By John H. DeForest .Cloth 50 cents Paper 40 cents Land of the White Helmet (Africa). By E. A. Forbes. .$1.50 Korea in Transition. By James S. Gale.Cloth 60 cents Paper 40 cents China’s New Day. By Isaac Taylor Headland .. . 50 cents Daybreak in the Dark Conti¬ nent (Africa). By Wilson S. Naylor.Cloth 60 cents Paper 40 cents South America, Its Mission¬ ary Problems. By Thomas B. Neely .Cloth 60 cents Paper 40 cents India. Malaysia and the Phil¬ ippines. By William F. Oldham .$1.00 Lure of Africa. By Cor¬ nelius H. Patton ......... 60 cents The Last Frontier (Africa). By E. Alexander Powell. .$2.00 95 India and Its Faiths. By James Bissett Pratt.$4.00 Ancient Peoples and New Tasks. By Willard Price. Cloth 60 cents Paper 40 cents Changing Chinese. By E. A. Ross .$2.50 South of Panama. By A. E. Ross .$2.50 Uplift of China. By Arthur H. Smith .Cloth 60 cents Paper 40 cents South American Problems. By Robert E. Speer. 75 cents The Philippines and the Far East. By Homer C. Stuntz.$1.00 Christian Conquest of India. By James M. Thoburn_ 60 cents Paper 40 cents Call of Korea. By H. G. Underwood .'. 75 cents Mexico To-day. By George B. Winton . 60 cents Philippines, Past and Present. By Dean C. Worcester. 2 vols.$6.00 The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia. By Samuel M. Zwemer. Cloth $1.00 Paper 50 cents [Any of these books may be secured at The Methodist Book Concern or any of its depositories.] 96 Part II METHODIST EPIS¬ COPAL HOME MISSIONS The following pages aim to present in a concise, usable form the salient facts concerning the people and fields min¬ istered to by Methodist Episcopal Home Missions, the relations of the Church to this task as planned for and administered by the Board of Home Missions and Church Exten¬ sion of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Centenary program for the new day of Home Missions. More elaborate discussion of the work of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church will be found in the additional literature listed in a Bibliography of Methodist Episcopal Home Missions on page 179. 97 THE CHURCH’S AMERICAN FRONTIER POSSESSING THE LAND The frontier is not yet a thing of the past. As defined by the Methodist Episcopal Church, the frontier consists chiefly of twelve States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. These States, with an area of 1,259.977 square miles, have a population of only 6,458,417, approximately five peo¬ ple to a square mile. Settlers in frontier States are rapidly increasing in numbers at the present time. Over 40,000 homesteads were granted, and 103,917 entries made in the year 1917. Irrigation is turning millions of acres of dry land into rich agricultural regions. $70,000,000 has been spent in the last decade by the Government in irriga¬ tion projects. This has opened 1,910,000 acres for cul¬ tivation. Over 15,000,000 acres additional have been reclaimed by private and indus¬ trial projects. 98 Dry-farming communities are multiply¬ ing rapidly. They all have the ear¬ marks of prosperity from the begin¬ ning. In five years they are marked by thrifty business enterprises. A LAND OF CHANGES The common characteristics of frontier communities are newness, movement, and uncertainty. These first settlers must be followed by the church and religious teaching. Hundreds of frontier towns and villages have no Protestant churches. Dance halls are frequently used as places of worship. So many roads, fences and buildings essential to daily liv¬ ing must be constructed all at once that these pioneers often have no means, even when they have the in¬ clination, to build churches. In Montana alone there are 69 organ¬ ized congregations of Methodists with¬ out places of worship or pastors. The uncertainty of many frontier com¬ munities is one of the church’s handi¬ caps. The foreign character of many mining communities hinders the growth of Christian democracy. WHERE MINERS DELVE The mining sections are real frontier problems. The spirit of restlessness prevails among the miners. Little children here have less opportun¬ ity even than in the crowded city. 99 Home conditions are continually upset by the triple shift. The old-time miners were American, English, Irish and Welsh. They were individualistic in thought and action. The high-grade ores are now mined by Austrians, Japanese, Italians, Greeks, Slavs and Finns. The newcomers are easily influenced by leaders speaking their native tongue. In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 26 lan¬ guages are spoken. The spiritual commonwealth has a mis¬ sion right here. The draft registration of Tonopah, Ne¬ vada, showed representatives of 35 countries. Here is an adventure for Christian democracy. Churches equipped for community ser¬ vices are essential. It takes a preacher made of “real stuff” to perform such ministry as a mining camp demands. Family life has to be strengthened. Social, moral and religious ideals have to be put in terms of everyday living. Methodism has here one more insistent challenge. HEWERS OF WOOD 350,000 men are engaged in lumbering in the West. The work in lumber camp and sawmill town is seasonal. Most of the lumbermen are without home or family ties. 100 They are cut off from the restraints and conventionalities of civilization. Not a few think themselves without standing in society. The I. W. W. finds a fruitful field under such conditions. The “Sky-Pilot” must bear a virile mes¬ sage to these dwellers in bunk-houses. One denomination has ten missionaries at this task. What are ten missionaries for 350,000 lumbermen ? Shall we say that the obligation is being met and pass it by? The Methodist Episcopal Church has done little special work for these men. The Centenary plans to remedy Method¬ ism’s lack in this respect. ACROSS THE PLAINS The picturesque cowboy and sheepherd- er are vanishing. Yet 40,000,000 acres are still available for stockraising. It is difficult to establish and maintain churches in stockraising countries. Few cowboys, or sheepherders marry. Where there are no families there is no settled community. Where there is no community a normal church is impossible. The traveling missionary has a great opportunity here. These sections tend to pass over into agriculture. The Methodist Episcopal Church plans to reinforce this phase of its ministry. The Centenary must provide the funds. 101 A FRONTIER CHALLENGE The problems of the frontier demand leaders of the highest caliber. Yet in the State of Nevada, for instance, the average salary for a Methodist minister is $750 a year. In frontier territory the Methodist Epis¬ copal Church, has 2,108 churches, with 262,488 members. In North Dakota, Wyoming, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona the Methodist Episcopal membership's less than two per cent of the population. In California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, and Montana it is between two and four per cent. THE CENTENARY PLANS To build more and better churches. To increase pastors’ salaries so that the best men can be put into the field. To establish social centers in the mining and lumbering districts. To assist in teaching the English lan¬ guage. To provide and support 795 missionaries, regular pastors, language pastors, dea¬ conesses, and*T>ther workers to carry out the contemplated enterprises. To build 874 new churches, parsonages, and other buildings. The Centenary is raising $1,989,885 for these frontier needs. The Empires of the West promise to be¬ come a part of the Kingdom of God on Earth. And Methodism will do its share by in¬ creasing non-competitive ministries. 102 THE MORMON MENACE A MENACE TO DEMOCRACY The Mormon Church has 450,000 mem¬ bers. Utah, its stronghold, boasts of 293,000 Mormons. Idaho has 78,000; Arizona and Wyoming 15,000 each. No other individual State has more than 5,000. 10,000 a year is the average increase of Mormon adherents in America. After Mormonism reached Utah its chief converts were obtained among the immigrants from Great Britain and Scandinavia. 1,400 Mormon missionaries, paying their own expense, or having them paid by relatives for two years’ service, are zealously working in this country. Converts are won by the concealment of the polygamous aspects of the Mor¬ mon Church and by the promise of free land. The practice of tithing has enabled the Mormon Church to amass great wealth. Concentration of its followers in a few States has helped Mormonism to gain much political influence. The Mormon Church has a Woman’s Relief Society with 50,000 members. Its Young Men’s Mutual Improvement Society numbers 36,916. Its Young 103 Ladies' Mutual Improvement Society has 36,000 members. A Primary Association numbers 70,000. Its Sunday School Union has 198,587 teachers and pupils enrolled. Mormon Temples have been erected in Canada and Hawaii. Mormon missionaries have won many converts in Europe. In 1890 the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Edmunds- Tucker act making polygamy unlaw- ful. In May, 1911, the English people pro¬ tested to the Home Secretary, Church¬ ill, against allowing the Mormon propaganda to be preached in Great Britain. Mormonism emphasizes early marriage and is demoralizing to adolescent youth. THE LEAVEN OF CHRISTIANITY Only two per cent of the people in Utah belong to any Protestant evangelical denomination. There are two self-supporting Method¬ ist Episcopal churches in Utah, and eleven self - supporting evangelical churches of other denominations. Utah has less than 10,000 Protestants, about 10,000 Roman Catholics, and 8,000 Greek Catholics. Over 100,000 people in the State are not members of any Church. Despite their small number, the evan¬ gelical churches forced Utah to adopt a public school system, although the 104 Mormons did not favor popular edu¬ cation. By their example the evangelical churches forced the Mormon Church into an attitude of patriotism. Utah is the only State in which Method¬ ism does direct work with the Mor¬ mons. There are twenty Methodist Episcopal charges in Utah with 1,712 members. WHAT METHODISM PROPOSES The Methodist Episcopal Church pro¬ poses to build new churches and strengthen old ones so that education, patriotism, and Christianity will be more surely fostered. The Centenary plans call for a $100,000 church and student center near the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. A strong evangelical program will be carried out to hold those already affili¬ ated with the church, to influence the Mormons to give the Bible fairer treatment and to attract both the dis¬ satisfied Mormons and those with no religion. A special effort will be made to reach young people in the colleges. Assistance is needed in pastoral support. The personality of the pastor is most important in this “foreign missionary field at home.” The Centenary is raising $209,500 for work in Mormon territory 105 THE AMERICAN INDIAN Indian missions were the earliest Meth¬ odist missions. The Church has not followed up this work in a Christian statesmanlike way. There are now 350,000 Indians scattered over the United States. There are 70,000 Indian children under ten years of age. Only one-third of these Indians speak English, and only one-fourth are citi¬ zens. The Indian, who had his lands taken from him, has been treated at best as a national ward, not as a potential citizen. Many Indians, in the recent war, fought for those very principles of self- determination for other races that have been denied them. In folk lore, music, household art, and poetic interpretation of nature, the red man has treasures that would greatly enrich the white man. Ignorance of sanitation and personal hy¬ giene claims large numbers of victims every year. Increasing attention to these matters seems to have turned the former annual decrease in popu¬ lation into a slight increase. Less than forty per cent of the Indians are Christians, while 130,000 are not identified with any church. 106 Return to the reservations often results in the reversion of the educated In¬ dian youth to the pagan ways of his forefathers. This makes difficult the process of Christianizing and Americanizing. Women and children have been al¬ most untouched by religious influ¬ ences. Trained Indian women work¬ ers are needed to live among them. The Methodist Episcopal Church is now doing Christian work among 19 dif¬ ferent tribes of Indians in 9 different States. Most of the work is done by white pas¬ tors of regular charges, who are able to hold services solely for Indians on Sunday afternoons. There are very few Indian Sunday Schools. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES The Centenary program calls for $128,- 450 for Indian work. This will include the appointment of resident Indian-speaking missionaries. Native Indian preachers will be trained. Sunday Schools will be established. Indian women workers will be appointed to bring Christianity to the women and children on the reservations. The Gospel will be preached in terms that meet the Indians’ needs. The heritage of the wigwam will be sup¬ planted by the Christian home. 107 OUR LATIN¬ AMERIC AN S OUR FOREIGN SOUTHWEST Latin-Americans inhabit a part of Methodism’s frontier field. Our great Southwest is populated by nearly 1,500,000 of them. Alien Mexicans swarmed across the bor¬ der by thousands in the last few years. The Spanish-Americans are employed as unskilled laborers in the beet and cot¬ ton fields, as sheepnerders, in the mines, and on the railroads. The Portuguese, also Spanish-speaking peoples, have settled in considerable numbers in the great valley and ranch regions. Many of them are dairymen. The Latin-American, scantily educated in democratic ideals, is often antag¬ onistic to our national aims. Many Mexicans are lured across the bor¬ der by false representations of those in need of laborers. Lodged in the worst quarters of the cities, they have little home life, are badly lodged and are the victims of tuberculosis. Meeting racial prejudice and contempt, and ignorant of our laws and lan¬ guage, they are often unfairly treated in the courts by means of conscience¬ less interpreters. They are for the most part contentedly illiterate and wretchedly poor. Their religious views, where they are not blindly atheistic, are all tinctured 108 with the Roman Catholicism of cen¬ turies ago. METHODIST EPISCOPAL EFFORTS The Methodist Episcopal Church now has work among the Latin-Americans in northern and southern California. Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas. The present equipment consists of 41 churches and chapels. These buildings are too frequently mere halls, or shacks. They are located in disreputable and inconvenient quar¬ ters, a discredit and handicap to the cause of Christianity. 23 pastors care for a membership of 1,440. 75 Sunday Schools have 2,650 pupils. To train the thousands of potential citi¬ zens, Methodism has provided for Spanish-American boys two schools, with a combined faculty of ten. One of these schools is the Spanish- American Institute at Gardena, Cali¬ fornia, with 60 pupils and a faculty of 6. The other school is Albuquerque College, at Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a faculty of 4 and an attendance of 35. An extensive service is being carried on for Latin-American people at Plaza Community Center, Los Angeles, Cal¬ ifornia, modeled after the Morgan Memorial Church, Boston, with an educational, social and evangelical ministry. 109 But with these educational and evan¬ gelical ministries enumerated, it re¬ mains a sad fact that Protestant Christianity has reached less than five per cent of these people. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES The evangelization of the Latin-Ameri- cans by large-visioned pastors and di¬ rectors of religious education of their own nationality. Replacing the wretched chapels with at¬ tractive buildings and adequate equip¬ ment. Strengthening the School for Spanish- American boys at Albuquerque, New Mexico. Providing a definite plant for Plaza Community Center in Los Angeles, which will provide work-rooms, gym¬ nasium and other facilities for com¬ munity work. Classes for teaching English and Ameri¬ can ideals, and other activities for the Americanization of the Latin-speaking peoples. Providing complete courses of practical industrial work, such as is given for colored students at Hampton Institute. 110 ALASKA A NORTHERN EMPIRE Alaska is a land of 586,400 square miles of almost inexhaustible riches, with a population largely transient. Since the year of its purchase by the United States, in 1867, Alaska’s min¬ eral production alone has amounted to nearly forty times its cost. There are many rich fisheries, and be¬ cause of the short, hot summers, won¬ derful crops of vegetables, potatoes, alfalfa and grains can be grown. Since 1910, the number of people in Alaska has steadily decreased, largely because of failure to find more rich gold placer mines. The population is made up of natives (Indians, Eskimos and half-breeds), and white men in search of wealth. Might still rules in the place of law in many mining camps, and gambling is a part of everyday life. The passage of prohibition for Alaska, January 1, 1918, has lessened the drink problem. Men of the most degraded type come in droves to the fisheries during the sea¬ son making temporary alliances with half-breed Indian women. Many of the cnildren of these unprom¬ ising alliances are naturally bright and would be very impressionable to re¬ ligious and educational influences. ill The disregard of the native population for sanitary laws makes many of them victims of tuberculosis. 61.5 per cent of Alaska’s school children are tubercular. Railroad camps in Alaska are almost en¬ tirely churchless. Hundreds of square miles of territory are without a chapel or meeting-house. Difficulties of travel and transportation over this vast field, by trails which winter renders almost impassable, make missionary work a hazardous undertaking. The missionary to Alaska is cut off from all reinforcements. He is continually following people who are forever on the trail. He must be a real frontiersman, ready of wit to deal with widely different types,—from the Indian to the adven¬ turing college graduate. METHODISM IN ALASKA The work of the Methodist Episcopal Church now centers at Nome, Juneau, Seward, Fairbanks and Ketchikan, with a circuit branching out from each of these points. The total Methodist Episcopal member¬ ship in Alaska is only 98. The Centenary is asking for $76,500 for Alaska, in order to employ more pas¬ tors and to appoint a general mission¬ ary to cover the entire field. 112 HAWAII OUR HAWAIIAN OPPORTUNITY AN EXPERIMENT STATION Hawaii, a group of islands annexed by the United States in 1898, forms the outpost of our western civilization and our frontier Pacific Coast defense. The problem is largely rural, the wealth of Hawaii being found in sugar, pine¬ apple and rice plantations. Hawaii is America’s greatest experiment station in mingling nationalities. The original native Hawaiians have been almost replaced by Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, Portuguese and Americans. During 1917 the birth-rate increased so that the Japanese population in Hawaii equalled the entire Japanese population of the United States. In these islands the philosophy of life and government developed will react both upon the nations of the Far East and the United States. The Japanese, who number four to one against any other nationality in the, islands, have brought with them a corrupted form of Buddhism. The Buddhists have recently erected a $100,000 temple in Honolulu. They also maintain 35 schools, to which 14,000 American-born Japanese chil¬ dren come daily. 113 THE CHURCH IN HAWAII Bv a comity arrangement, the Methodist Episcopal Church does no Chinese work, while the Congregational Church does no work with Koreans. The city of Honolulu is a joint responsi¬ bility for Japanese and Filipinos. All the rest of the territory is districted and assigned to the denominations. Methodist Episcopal work is established in four of the islands, Oahu, Kauai, Maui and Hawaii. The Methodist Episcopal Church now has 22 churches and chapels; 8 par¬ sonages ; 4 American local preachers; one Japanese, one Filipino and 12 Koreans; 1,711 full members, 267 pro¬ bationers; a Japanese Sunday School of 53 scholars; 595 day scholars. The Methodist Episcopal Church is try¬ ing to teach these people of many na¬ tionalities to live together as Christian American citizens. The Methodist Episcopal Church co¬ operates with other denominations in educational work in the Mid-Pacific Institute at Honolulu. The Centenary asking of $641,425 will make possible in Hawaii the extension of the Sunday school, to keep pace with the growing Oriental birth-rate; the training of pastors of their own nationality; and the replacing of poor chapels with churches adequate in size and equipment. 114 PORTO RICO The island of Porto Rico has an area of 3.606 square miles. Its population numbers 1,198,970. It was acquired from Spain by the United States in 1898. It is a fertile, promising land, but still hung about with chains of ignorance, superstition, tyranny and greed. The Porto Rican people are an inter¬ mixture of Spanish, Indian, Negro and white blood. 60 per cent of the people are illiterate. 88 per cent live in rural communities, often under conditions of abject pov¬ erty. The newer generations, while taught English in the public schools, almost invariably speak Spanish outside. The Porto Ricans have had no ground¬ ing in democracy. Coming suddenly into citizenship, they need more thorough Americanizing. In business, education, and sanitation. American ideas have begun to stamp themselves on native life. Field under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church for 400 years, the island was practically isolated from Protestant influences until 1898. About 50,000 of the people are now Protestants. The majority are accustomed to look upon the Church as something which touches them at birth, marriage and death, but which bears no vital rela¬ tion to their everyday life. 115 Concubinage is a great evil on the island, because of the great cost for marriage ceremonies imposed upon the poor by the Roman Catholic Church. The government has trained hundreds of native Porto Ricans as teachers in the public schools. The policy of the government is to ap¬ point native Porto Ricans to office. METHODISM IN PORTO RICO Methodist Episcopal work began in Por¬ to Rico in 1900. The Methodist roll call records 3,070 full members; 2,343 probationers; 99 Sunday Schools with a total enroll¬ ment of 6,500; 3 missionaries; 22 sal¬ aried local preachers; 36 volunteers who serve without salary; an Ep- worth League with 546 Senior and 496 Junior members; 47 churches and chapels; 15 parsonages. CENTENARY PLANS The Centenary plans to establish more churches and chapels in rural sec¬ tions ; appoint more native workers; give native leaders better training; lay special emphasis upon citizenship training in both schools and churches and cooperate with other denomina¬ tions in non-sectarian educational work. $213,880 is needed to put this program into effect. 116 ORIENTALS IN AMERICA The government has said that the Ori¬ ental is not welcome. There are about 80,000 Chinese and 100,- 000 Japanese in the United States. There are a few Chinese colonies in Eastern cities. The greater number of Chinese have remained on the Pacific Coast. The Japanese are confined almost en¬ tirely to California and other Western States. Among all Orientals there is a tendency to live in exclusive colonies. The Oriental question has two phases, the so-called immigrant problem, and the necessity of fair treatment of those already here, METHODISM’S STATUS The Pacific Methodist Episcopal Japan¬ ese Mission has 16 church buildings. It has 23 pastors and 1,240 full church members and 16 Epworth League Chapters with 600 members. Buddhist temples have been erected in every large city on the Pacific Coast. The Nishi Hon Gwan Ji, an organiza¬ tion of Buddhism, has established mis¬ sions in California practically in every city and town where Methodism is represented. The Methodist Episcopal Anglo-Japan- ese school at San Francisco has an at¬ tendance of 162 pupils. 117 The Methodist Episcopal Pacific Chi¬ nese Mission has 6 churches and 9 Sunday Schools, a Chinese Epworth League with 183 members, 8 English night schools and 4 day schools. In California the principal Methodist Episcopal work among the Chinese is in San Francisco, where the mother church is situated. Strong men, as well as good workers, have been developed there, many of whom returned to their native land as missionaries. A considerable number of Christian churches in China can trace their ori¬ gin to missionary work here. THE CENTENARY PROGRAM The Centenary program calls for $190,- 960, to be expended in the extension of work among Orientals in America. In establishing supplementary day schools, with special training in Eng¬ lish for the children. In increasing dormitory accommoda¬ tions for single men. In sending out itinerant missionaries, especially to the ranches. In increasing and making more efficient the Sunday Schools in order to keep pace with the rapidly increasing num¬ ber of children. In establishing a Christian “language” press to offset the Buddhistically in¬ clined daily “language” publications printed on the Pacific Coast. 118 THE AMERICAN NEGRO The American Negro has increased in fifty years from 4,000,000 slaves to 12,000,000 freemen. Fifty years ago the Negro was ignorant, penniless, himself a chattel. By 1875 the race had become owners of over 3,000,000 acres of land. In 1910 this had increased to nearly 20,- 000,000 acres, a State as large as Ire¬ land. The Negro also owns 500,000 homes and 64 banks. He publishes 398 newspapers and peri¬ odicals. The Negro has 31,393 churches and $26,- 000,000 in church property. The Negro plants and gathers the .South’s most important crops. He is also a factor in Northern shops and mills. From Boston Common to Chateau Thierry the Negro has cheerfully of¬ fered his life for his country. There were 3,000 Negroes in the Revo¬ lutionary army and 400,000 in our army to-day. IN THE SOUTHLAND In the South, the Negro children con¬ stitute one-third of the school popu¬ lation. They receive one-sixth of its school money, short terms, inferior teaching and inadequate supervision of the schools. 119 The Negroes pay a larger part of the costs of education than any other group of people in America. In Louisiana the length of the school term for colored children is two months less than that of the white children. Of every $5 spent for public education in the State of Georgia, the white school gets $4 and the Negro’s $1. Eight Southern States have practically disfranchised the Negro. Since 1890, five and a half millions, over half of whom can read and write, and who own fully $150,000,000 of prop¬ erty, have been deprived of all voice in their own government. There have been 3,200 lynchings of Ne¬ groes during the past thirty-five years. The Negro is restricted in his choice of fields of labor. NORTH OF DIXIE 750,000 Negroes have come North since 1916. The largest cities affected by the exodus are St. Louis, Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Philadelphia and Detroit. This migration is the most noteworthy event that has happened to the Negro race since emancipation. The Negro came North to seek political equality, unrestricted education, and free choice of occupation. In the North he finds civic privileges, but often industrial disfranchisement. He is paid lower wages than the white man, and is always asked a higher rent. 120 In Northern cities, the Negro finds scant accommodations in houses or in churches. He is packed into intolerably crowded districts averaging often 4 persons per room. In Harlem, New York City, there are 1,500 Negroes to the block. No other race problem approaches that of the Negro. In it lie all the issues of /democracy. THE NEGRO’S ACHIEVEMENTS * There are few pursuits in which the Negro is not found. 22,440 are in the employment of the United States government. 1,000 patents have been issued to Negro inventors. There are now 4,000 Negro physicians in America. There are 1,000 trained Negro nurses and 2,000 Negro lawyers. There are 500 Negro authors and in¬ ventors. The Negro has many organizations for assisting in self-improvement of his people. These include the National Negro Busi¬ ness Men’s League and National Bank¬ ers’ Association, the National Bar As¬ sociation, the National Medical Asso¬ ciation, the National Negro Press, and the National Music and Arts Club. For education the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools stands as a beacon light. 121 The National Urban League, whose pur¬ pose is to establish forums and relief organizations and to promote social welfare, has branches in 25 cities. The National Association for the Ad¬ vancement of Colored People, assist¬ ed by the Peabody Fund, investigates lynchings and collects data of all sorts. There are no anarchists among the Ne¬ groes. Statistically the Negro is the most re¬ ligious of Americans. The church is the center of his life, the best expression of his race, and insti¬ tutionally his most worthy achieve¬ ment. Over 80 per cent of the Negro’s wealth is in church property. One of the fundamental needs of the Negro is full vocational training in all industries. This should be supplied by the federal government. THE CHURCH AND THE NEGRO The Negroes are preeminently a social people, needing group contacts for their best development. It will take social workers, and many of them, to supply this need. The Church should direct the growing forces of human service, its ministry must help to furnish conditions in the community most favorable to spiritual life. The Methodist Episcopal Church has Negro Institutional Churches in Kan¬ sas City, Misouri; Chicago, Illinois ; Jacksonville, Florida; Philadelphia and Cincinnati, all doing good work. Many more community churches are needed. There is also in the Brookhaven Dis¬ trict, of the Mississippi Conference, of 'the Methodist Episcopal Church, a great constructive community project, having a demonstration farm and traveling governmental instructors connected with it. It has agricultural, canning and poultry clubs numbering among its members 555 boys and 263 girls. It is an educational and community cen¬ ter for 14,000 Negroes. The Methodist Episcopal Church has 2,172 Negro ministers and 3,538 local preachers. It has 348,477 Negro church members and probationers. It has 3,688 churches and 1,345 parson¬ ages. It has 3,642 Sunday Schools and 234,647 Sunday School teachers, officers and pupils. The Freedmen’s Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church pioneered Christian education among the Ne¬ groes. Since 1866 it has invested over $10,000,- 000 in this work. It has under its direction 21 schools, with 317 teachers and 5,279 students. 123 The Methodist Episcopal Church, through its Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, appropriates about $60,000 annually to the support of Negro pastors and the erection of Negro churches. METHODISM’S OPPORTUNITY The Centenary proposes in the South the development of a trained ministry and the adaptation of church build¬ ings to community service; the mak¬ ing of model parsonages and gardens as demonstration of successful home life. In the North it proposes the building of new churches to fit needs that have far outgrown the present supply and the supporting in these pulpits of men able to guide the newcomers in read¬ justing their lives to new conditions. It plans the furnishing of community centers for recreation, organizing do¬ mestic science training and coopera¬ tion with other agencies in providing better housing conditions of all sorts. For this purpose $3,972,275 is being raised. 124 RURAL METHODISM IN GENERAI. 53.7 per cent of the population of the United States is rural. Approximately 87 per cent of all Meth¬ odist Episcopal Churches are rural. Even omitting the Negro churches, more than 57 per cent of all Methodist Epis¬ copal Churches are in communities of less than 2,500 inhabitants. There are in the United States, 10,518 white Methodist Episcopal ministers in rural charges. Of these 13 per cent receive less than $400 per year. 42 per cent receive less than $800 per year. 78 per cent receive less than $1,200 per year. District Missionary Societies have been organized in six Methodist Episcopal Annual Conferences. These aim to give organized assistance to local missionary enterprises. Rural Ministers’ Associations have been forfned in eleven Annual Conferences. They help to lift the rural program to the highest standards of efficiency. Educational literature has, been pre¬ pared for the rural ministry. The Department of Rural Work of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal 125 Church has assisted in establishing training centers for rural leadership. In 17 Annual Conference Districts, aid has been given in developing efficient rural parishes which are carrying on well-organized community service work, touching every phase of the life of the people. In general, the rural field may be di¬ vided into the three classifications: (1) The better agricultural sections. (2) The more sparsely settled ag¬ ricultural sections. (3) The rural industrial communi¬ ties. I. THE BETTER AGRICULTURAL SECTIONS The better agricultural sections include the corn belt, extending through Ne¬ braska, Iowa, Central and Northern Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio; the wheat- producing sections, including Kansas, the Dakotas, Minnesota, and parts of other States; the irrigated sections, representing about 75,000,000 acres of possible development; and the drain* age areas, representing about 20,000,- 000 acres. More than half the farms in many of the better agricultural sections are occupied not by owners but by ten¬ ants. The transient tenant is generally poor, and takes no part in Church work. The absentee landlord often discourages community improvement. 126 Frequent overlapping of denominational effort in rural communities destroys the dignity of church work and weak¬ ens its appeal. Many rural churches, if assisted in se¬ curing adequate pastoral leadership, would win the confidence, respect, and financial support of the communities. Where tenants are indifferent to com¬ munity problems, the rural church must help create a new community spirit. Community leadership is being supplied in many instances by the State, the Grange, and other agencies. Public schools have been often made the social and recreational centers of ru¬ ral community life. Increased opportunity for leadership in rural communities, in connection with farm bureaus and government agen¬ cies is now diverting life service which formerly was turned toward the rural ministry. Immigrant rural communities, largely augmented i» recent years, constitute many entirely neglected fields. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To respond to the needs of rural com¬ munities by Supplying missionary aid where it is needed. Establishing effective training schools for rural leadership. Continuing the community service work already organized by the Department 127 of Rural Work of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Broadening the scope of this work by the erection of new church buildings, or properly equipping old ones, and by conducting a campaign for increas¬ ing the efficiency of the rural ministry. Selecting certain charges as experi¬ mental stations, or demonstration points, where definite programs of community service work will be put in operation. In carrying out this larger program in better agricultural sections, $1,889,050 will be spent in erecting new buildings, or remodeling old ones, and $1,245,275 in proper maintenance and adequate staff. 2. THE SPARSELY SETTLED AGRI¬ CULTURAL SECTIONS The less favored agricultural sections include the broad expanse of hill land extending from the central part of Oklahoma in a northeasterly direction through Arkansas, southern Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, southern Illi¬ nois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia and parts of Pennsylvania. In it are comprised also the sandy soils of the southeastern part of the United States; the northern pine belt ex¬ tending from Minnesota through Wis¬ consin, Michigan, parts of New York, and the New England States. There are evidences of unrest in the farming country. 128 Poverty of soil and loneliness of the land is driving the people away. The unsatisfied hunger for human in¬ tercourse has sent many country wo¬ men to insane asylums. If the farmer’s lot is hard in the poorer sections of the country, that of Ifis wife is still harder. Tenants are becoming more numerous than landlords in rural communities. The evils of absentee landlordism with its indifference to local community in¬ terests are great. Foreigners are taking the place of na¬ tive American farmers in New Eng¬ land and the West. The human being cannot be considered apart from his food, his home, his work, his wages. The agricultural college has a sympa¬ thetic appreciation of general rural needs. The government also will give assist¬ ance through its experiment stations and the'Department of Agriculture. A bad road is a tax upon every ton of produce hauled into market. The social effects of good roads are as great as their industrial benefits. Individualism is the problem of rural life. RURAL RECKONINGS The rural pastor must be the welder and unifier of the conditions in his community. The rural minister should advocate more cooperation among farmers. 129 He should strive for the introduction of labor-saving devices both for the farm and for the farm household. In Ohio there are 4,000 churches hav¬ ing a membership of less than 100 people. Many small communities are unable to maintain a resident pastor, or even to erect suitable church buildings. The circuit system saps a pastor’s ener¬ gies and incapacitates him for his best work. The average number of preaching points covered by each pastor in some rural- districts ranges from two to four each Sunday. The Kingdom of God cannot be well attained by a yearly revival and half¬ time preachers. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To supply missionary aid where it is needed. To aid in constructive rural programs. To furnish directors of religious edu¬ cation. To erect new church buildings of a community type and to aid in prop¬ erly equipping old ones. The Centenary is raising $965,730 for use in the sparsely settled rural fields. 130 3. RURAL INDUSTRIAL COMMUNI¬ TIES WHERE THEY ARE Rural industrial communities include coal, coke, iron and other mining camps. They also include fishing villages, and the oil fields of the southwest. The small mill and factory towns of the South and New England, and the Northern and Western lumber camps are likewise rural. The rural industrial community usually has an immigrant population unfa¬ miliar with American ideals and cus¬ toms. There are over 1,000,000 miners in the United States, half of whom are of foreign birth. They represent a population of about 3,000,000 people. The lumber industry claims 330,000 men who cannot be reached except by an itinerant preacher. The most baffling feature of the rural industrial community is its transitory character. A mining camp is frequently abandoned after five, ten, or fifteen years. Its existence is rarely permanent, and its population is constantly shifting. Poverty and lack of leisure hamper the growth of the spirit and prevent the support of religious institutions. Many of the rural industrial commu¬ nities are corporation-owned. 131 Schools, houses, stores are all a part of the plant. If there is a church, it is company owned too. In the coke district of western Penn¬ sylvania there are 104 towns, compris¬ ing a population of 70,000, which, at a recent date, had no church build¬ ing within their limits. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES 152 trained workers for rural industrial communities. 57 deaconesses and women assistants are included. 76 new churches and 15 parsonages are to be built. The diversity of the field makes a uni¬ form plan impossible. Ingenuity and ready adaptability will mark the Cen¬ tenary program. Co-operation and federation with other churches will be fostered. The government’s plans for Americani¬ zation will be promoted. Improvement of social and economic conditions is an essential feature of the larger plans. The Centenary is raising $1,013,590 for rural industrial communities. 132 SOUTHERN HIGHLANDERS AMONG THE HILLS' Hidden away in the depth of thickly forested hills, on the mountain slopes of the southern portion of the Appa¬ lachian system, are people known as the Southern Mountaineers. These Highlanders are descendants, for the most part, of the original Scotch, Irish, and English colonists. There are three classes of Appalachian Highlanders: (1) the nominal High¬ landers, (2) the normal Highlanders, and (3) the needy Highlanders. It is among the last group that mis¬ sionary effort must be increased. In language, dress, and general culture, they are a century and a half be¬ hind the times. The main features of the problem pre¬ sented by these folk are due to pov¬ erty, isolation, and illiteracy. The Mountaineers live in remote dwell¬ ings or in scattered communities and upon often impassable roads. Their homes are almost bare of furni¬ ture. In their work they depend upon the most primitive farm implements. The mountain women weave and dye the cloth for all their garments. The mountain men are blacksmiths, mill¬ ers, huntsmen, and farmers. 133 It is difficult to break up the illicit stills which exist everywhere. The Mountaineers are naturally friendly and hospitable, but make impassive and relentless enemies, if antagonized. It is an old saying that if a Mountaineer likes you he will die for you, and if he dislikes you, you will probably die for him. The Mountaineers perpetuate feuds for generations. Whole families remain at war long af¬ ter the original cause of their dis¬ putes has been forgotten. In one-roomed mountain cabins six to ten people often live, cook, eat, and sleep, in utter ignorance of the simp¬ lest principles of personal hygiene. General living conditions among the Mountaineers cause the widespread prevalence of such diseases as ma¬ laria, hookworm, and tuberculosis. The problem of education in the Southern Highlands is one of the most important of the hour. The cost for prisons and courthouses in one of these States is about 17 per cent more than for school build¬ ings. In almost all the mountain dis¬ tricts the illiterate voter holds the balance of power. Thousands of young men of the same stock as Lincoln, Polk and Farragut will never have the chance to learn to read and write. 134 RELIGION IN THE MOUNTAINS In religion the Mountaineers incline toward certain forms of Calvinism. They do not favor an educated or train¬ ed ministry, and faith is often little more than superstition. This Southern Highland territory is touched by six Methodist Episcopal Annual Conferences. Almost all the Church’s preaching ap¬ pointments are “circuits.” The preachers are seldom well trained. The college man is a rarity. A seminary graduate is practically un¬ known among the mountain preach¬ ers. Most of the Southern mountain churches are of the old one-room type. They are often served by volunteer preachers. Large portions of the country are with¬ out religious services of any kind. THE CENTENARY PLAN The Southern Highlanders have not been overlooked in the Centenary. $497,200 is to be raised for them. More and better schools will be fur¬ nished; the number of trained native workers will be increased. Improved Sunday School methods will be introduced. Modern buildings adapted to commun¬ ity service will be provided. A program which will place the church at the center of community life will be launched. 135 THE ITALIAN IN AMERICA There are 4,000,000 Italians in this coun¬ try, including the native-born children of foreign parentage. Every State in the Union has Italian residents. New York City is the largest Italian city in the world. Other big centers for the Italians are Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, New Haven, Providence, San Francisco, and Bridgeport, Connecticut. 75 per cent of the Italians who come to America were farmers in Italy. Only 25 per cent fmd agricultural labor here; the others are absorbed by our big industries. From one third to one fourth of the Italian immigrants are Roman Catho¬ lics. The total number of Italian Protestants in the United States is 20,000. The Italians have the lowest per cent of insanity of any race admitted to this country. AMERICAN ITALIAN METHODISM The Methodist Episcopal Church has 50 churches and missions with 52 Italian pastors and one Swiss pastor. 2 American pastors are engaged in Italian work, 9 American deaconesses, one Italian deaconess, 3 American and 2 Italian paid lay workers. 136 The Methodist Episcopal Church has 3,402 Italian members and 1,839 pro¬ bationers. “La Fiaccola,” the “Torch,” is the Ital¬ ian Christian Advocate of the Meth¬ odist Episcopal Church. The Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church appropriates $50,- 000 annually for work among Italians in the United States. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES The strengthening of centers where suc¬ cessful work is being done. Erecting churches which will satisfy the Italians’ need of color and beauty. Providing language pastors for ex¬ clusively Italian churches and also for English-speaking churches doing Ital¬ ian work. Bi-lingual women workers to visit the homes and to conduct classes for the children in English and for the mothers in Italian. Supporting directors of religious edu¬ cation who will supervise the relig¬ ious instruction of all ages and the social welfare work. Strong evangelistic campaigns. Classes in American citizenship. Wholesale recreation and social life. Choirs, orchestras, and choral clubs. For this varied ministry the Centenary is raising $1,598,100. IMMIGRANTS FROM EASTERN EUROPE THE SLAVS The total Slav population of the United States is estimated at 4,000,000. The principal Slavic groups in this coun¬ try are Polish, Slovak, Croatian, Ru- thenian, Bohemian, Moravian, Bul¬ garian, Serbian, Montenegrin, Russian, Dalmatian, and Bosnian. The Methodist Episcopal Church works principally among the Bohemians, Poles and Russians. The Slav immigrants prior to 1880 con¬ sisted largely of artisans and peasants, who settled on farms west of Chicago. After 1880 the immigrants were urged to come to America by the various steamship companies and by the call for laborers. The Slav seeks the work that pays him best, regardless of long hours, hard physical labor or danger. The Slavs live for the most part in over-crowded tenements, and support a large number of saloons. About one-fourth of the Slovaks are Protestants, with a smaller per cent among the Bohemians, and a negligible number among other groups. The Orthodox Church under the Holy Synod of Russia has fifty churches in this country. The Poles have ninety churches under an independent organization. 138 Among the Bohemians there is a grow¬ ing “free thought” movement. Socialistic and anarchistic movements are also prevalent. The work of the Methodist Episcopal Church among the Slavs is carried on by special workers, missionaries, deaconesses, and language pastors in connection with the English-speaking churches. The Methodist Episcopal Church has 19 Slavic ministers at work among these immigrants. AMONG THE BOHEMIANS There are 500,000 Bohemians and Mora¬ vians living in the United States. The greater number are settled in Illi¬ nois, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Iowa, Mis¬ souri, Kansas, South Dakota, Ohio, and Oklahoma. Texas has a population of Bohemians numbering 50,000, engaged principally in agriculture. Only a fraction more than one per cent of the Bohemian immigrants are illit¬ erate. More than one-half of them are skilled workmen. The moral level of the Bohemian is much higher than that of any other Slav people. There are 75 Bohemian papers pub¬ lished in the United States. Five per cent of the Bohemians are Protestants. The general tendency among Bohemians is towards skepticism and infidelity. 139 When they break away from the Roman Catholic Church they generally aban¬ don all religion. At Berea, Ohio, the Methodist Church has a Slavic department in the Bald- win-Wallace College and Nast Theo¬ logical Seminary. In 1915-16 twenty immigrant students, mostly Bohemians, and Slovaks, were educated there under the supervision of a Slavic professor. POLISH POINTERS In 1910 there were 1,708,000 Poles in the United States. They have settled principally in North¬ ern Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, the Dakotas, Indiana and Ohio. About half a million Poles reside in New York, Pennsylvania and Illi¬ nois. Every fifth person in Buffalo is a Pole. Of the Polish immigrants, 35.4 per cent are illiterate, and are unable to meet the simplest educational tests applied to them by the immigrant authori¬ ties. Two-thirds of the Poles are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church, which has 500 Polish Churches and missions. The Methodist Episcopal Church has a Sunday School for Polish children near two slaughter houses in Buf¬ falo. The Methodist Church is working among the Poles in New Jersey, Michigan, New York and Pennsylvania. 140 LITHUANIANS The Lithuanians number in all 7,000,000, and 212,000 of them in 1910 were in the United States. There are 15,000 Lithuanians in Pitts¬ burgh. The Methodist Episcopal Church works among the Lithuanians in Scranton, Boston, East Cambridge and Pitts¬ burgh. THE MAGYARS The Hungarian (Magyar) population of the United States numbered at least 321,000, in 1910. 77,000 of them reside in New York City. Cleveland, Ohio, has about 32,000, and Bridgeport, Connecticut, about 10,000. The others are divided among New Jer¬ sey, Pennsylvania, and the Virginias. At home the Hungarian is a farmer. In this country he works in factories and mines. Among the Hungarian population in America, 100,000 are Protestants. There are 75 Hungarian Protestant churches and missions in this country. The Methodist Episcopal Church main¬ tains Hungarian work in South Am¬ boy and Roosevelt, New Jersey. 141 THE JEW IN AMERICA There are over 3,000,000 Jews in Amer¬ ica. In New York City alone there are 1,- 450,000. Over 50 per cent of these people are of Western and Southwestern Russian birth. Because of lack of funds and workers, very little is being done by the Chris¬ tian Church for the Jews, except in Rochester, New York City, Trenton, Boston and Philadelphia. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To Christianize and Americanize these groups. To establish more churches and mis¬ sions. To aid in the betterment of their social life. To prepare and circulate good litera¬ ture among them. To conduct strong, well-organized evan¬ gelistic campaigns among them. To provide additional ministers, mis¬ sionaries, language pastors, directors of religious education, women work¬ ers, deaconesses, superintendents, and other helpers. For work among the peoples of the Eastern European groups, the Cente¬ nary is raising $805,490. 142 THE FINNS, SYRIANS, FREN CH-CAN ADI AN S, ARMENIANS AND GREEKS There are 120,086 foreign-born Finns in America, settled principally in Michi¬ gan, Minnesota, Massachusetts, and New York. Many volunteered for the army and tens of thousands were engaged in the industries which made winning the war possible. The Syrians here number 32,868 and live mostly in New York, Massachu¬ setts, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Canada, from its French-Canadian popu¬ lation, has contributed more to New England’s foreign-born population than any other country. During the last five years, 20,000 Ar¬ menians have been driven here by the atrocities of the Turks. About 150,000 Armenians are now in this country and form noticeable colo¬ nies, especially in New York and Massachusetts. The United States has also a popula¬ tion of 118,379 foreign-born Greeks, of whom Massachusetts has the larg¬ est number. In this group of immigrants, except¬ ing the French-Canadians, the per¬ centage of unskilled labor and illite¬ racy is large. 143 Crowded housing conditions among these people result in low standards of living and morals. The Syrian immigrants are often Chris¬ tian although many of their kinsmen at home are Mohammedans. French-Canadians work, for the most part, in the mills in New England where they keep up a better standard of living than the average foreign group. The greater part of our Armenian popu¬ lation is established on the Atlantic and Pacific seaboards. The Methodist Episcopal Church has a ministry among the Syrians in Phil¬ adelphia, with a property valued at $ 20 , 000 . It has Armenian work in Worcester, Massachusetts, and Greek work in Lowell, Massachusetts. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES Social service and welfare work among these people. Language pastors, directors of religious education, women workers, visiting nurses, and deaconesses connected with English-speaking Churches. Evangelistic campaigns and classes for teaching English. Efforts to lift the standard of living. Movements to Americanize these people. For these tasks the Centenary is rais¬ ing $198,750. 144 THE AMERICAN CITY 1. DOWNTOWN POLYGLOT COMMUNITIES The American city has a “downtown” problem. The immigrant colonizes in the city. Forty per cent of the population of the United States is of foreign birth. New York City alone has 549,444 Italian residents, 7,000 more than Rome, Italy. The largest Polish city in the United State is Buffalo, where they number 65,000. Thirty per cent of the Poles are illite¬ rate ; two-thirds are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. The largest number of Swedes in any city of America is in Chicago. The percentage of illiteracy among the Swedes is less than one per cent. New York has eighty Greek fraternal societies, through the medium of which a campaign of education in civic life for their compatriots is go¬ ing on throughout the country. The Slav group in this country numbers about three million people. One-third of the city of Cleveland is Slavic. The Calumet district has a population of 25,000 workers, fifty per cent of which are foreign. In the town of Calumet three hundred people were housed in seven rooms. In one house a mother, daughter and eighteen boarders shared one room. 145 The number of foreign born unable to sneak the English language has risen one hundred and forty-two per cent in the last ten years. Illiteracy in Fall River and Lawrence, Massachusetts, is about seventeen per cent. Only one adult immigrant out of two hundred and fifty is sufficiently in¬ terested in learning the English lan¬ guage to attend night schools. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To establish community churches in ne¬ glected sections, and neighborhood churches in polyglot industrial com¬ munities. To establish dormitories as a step toward the solution of the lodging house problem, and classes in hygiene, domestic science and industrial crafts to train workers for the foreign born who understand their racial antece¬ dents and sympathize with their strug¬ gles in the new world. To make the church a center for Amer¬ icanizing influence and training in citizenship. For work among the downtown, tran¬ sient, polyglot masses $6,808,750 is be¬ ing raised. 2. CITY INDUSTRIAL COM¬ MUNITIES Of the 38,000.000 men and women en¬ gaged in industry at the time of the 1910 census over a fourth, 10,000,000, were employed in the manufacturing and mechanical industries. 146 Industry makes as many cripples as modern battles do, numbering upwards of 500,000 annually. The wages of the majority makes only the narrowest existence possible. There is one block in New York City whose population is 1,260 to the acre. Every year 135,000 more people are added to New York’s permanent popu¬ lation. In one section of Chicago there has been a recent increase in population of 980. Overcrowding lowers moral standards and power to resist disease. Most cases of tuberculosis occur in cities where the housing conditions are intolerable and where wages are below a living minimum. Chester, Pennsylvania, grew from 40,- 000 to 80,000 population during the first months of the war, and no new houses were built. 21% of our city school children are suf¬ fering from malnutrition, and 61% are undernourished. The children of the tenements have no other playground but the city streets. The government has discovered the ef¬ fects of clean recreation on morals, physical fitness, and mental alertness. The way in which leisure is used pro¬ foundly affects the efficiency of the workers. War has shown that the waste of over¬ production in industry, the waste of unemployment, the problems of recrea- 147 tion and housing, all can be solved when we please. The Church should meet this oppor¬ tunity. A great proportion of our working classes in large cities is entirely out¬ side of religious influences. There are many downtown churches abandoned by their old time congre¬ gations that are now serving no useful purpose. The Morgan Memorial Methodist Epis¬ copal Church in Boston is rendering a unique service, as is also the Cen¬ tral Methodist Episcopal Church in Detroit. The Methodist Episcopal Church of All Nations in New York is all that the name suggests. Halstead Street Methodist Episcopal Church, Chicago, has a parish of 50,- 000 foreign-speaking men, women and children. The registration and investigation of rooms for young men and women in city industrial communities is a true service. The abandoned downtown churches may be made over into vital community centers equiped with classes for do¬ mestic science, with gymnasiums and recreational activities. They may also respond to all the other needs of the people. 148 THE CENTENARY PROPOSES Revamping old family churches to meet the needs of industrial communities. Providing a program of evangelization, religious education and social uplift. Maintaining Christian social service ex¬ perts. Building neighborhood churches in poly¬ glot industrial communities. Providing vocational training, day nurs¬ eries, and gymnasiums. For use in industrial communities $6,632,800 is being raised. STRATEGIC CITY AND SUBUR¬ BAN FIELDS In strategic city fields there are in¬ cluded the suburban neighborhoods of rapidly growing cities and the unde¬ veloped fields in older towns. 229 cities of more than 25,000 inhabitants, each with its own circle of suburbs, present a problem calling for the best efforts of the Church. Each year more people are moving to the suburbs in search of healthier.liv¬ ing conditions. The physical gain is often offset by a dwindling of spiritual life. Many of the former supporters of down¬ town churches become inactive after their arrival in the suburbs. A Sunday morning spent in out-door recreation becomes more attractive than the church service. Also the suburbs often are confronted 149 with an actual lack of adequate __ churches and able ministers. Sometimes there are no churches at all or only a struggling mission. Many of the children have no oppor¬ tunity to attend Sunday School. It takes some time for a new suburb to develop a community consciousness; new residents are slow to work to¬ gether. Many communities are churchless be¬ cause the residents lack all stimulus to establish a church. Where a church is already established it often proves wholly inadequate to modern needs. A $5,000 church makes a poor showing beside a $100,000 library or a $50,000 school. The lack of a church in any growing community means a lessening of the general welfare of every class of peo¬ ple. The older neighborhoods are almost en¬ tirely residential. Their population is frequently English- speaking. In these prosperous residential sections the church is too apt to become self- centered and lukewarm. It forgets its missionary opportunity and the obligation to its own com¬ munity. The primary religious need is for an efficiently equipped family church. Within a generation at the present rate of increase three-fourths of the na¬ tion’s population will be urban. 150 The ultimate fate of Methodism depends upon her ability to meet the challenge of urban life. It is one of the most complex of mis¬ sionary problems. THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To build more suburban churches where the present plant is inadequate. It will furnish stimulus to building in promising fields. It will provide more pastors. It will supplement salaries so that more able men may be_secured in these criti¬ cal years. It will improve and enlarge the existing churches to fit the growing needs. It plans to make the church a community center by organizing clubs, lecture courses and social affairs, but with an emphasis on evangelism. The Centenary is raising $6,762,900 for use in strategic city and suburban fields. GOODWILL INDUSTRIES About twelve years ago the first Good¬ will Industries were established to ad¬ minister to very destitute people. The primary purpose was to provide work for the workless. In November, 1918, the Bureau of Good¬ will Industries of the Department of City Work, of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church was established. 151 IN BOSTON In Boston these industries occupy two very large buildings six stories high, with 8,000 square feet on a floor. They are part of the work of Morgan Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church. Every year more than 5,000 destitute people find temporary, self-respecting employment here. In ! 916 over 100,000 garments were re¬ paired and about 500,000 pieces of fur¬ niture and 50,000 pairs of shoes went through the shop. More than $54,000 was paid out in wages during that year. A regular staff of 125 helpers is em¬ ployed as clerks in the several stores, as foremen in the various workshops, as chauffeurs, and bookkeepers. Every morning before work begins, about 300 people gather in prayer in the Chapel service. A School of Handicraft has been de¬ veloped for those who have no trade, or who, while pursuing a vocation for which they have no aptitude, have failed. IN SAN FRANCISCO In San Francisco the Goodwill Indus¬ tries occupy one of the busiest corn¬ ers in the city. During the first year of its existence work was given to 241 people. The employment bureau found jobs for 139 more. 152 The total sum paid for wages was $15,244.26. The men are paid not less than $1.25 a day, the women not less than a dol¬ lar. Clothes are mended, cleaned and pressed, shoes half-soled, hats overhauled and retrimmed, and many other occupa¬ tions engaged in. In the furniture department old men of eighty-four busily upholster furniture until it looks like new. With a capital of one thousand dollars, and taking only the waste products of the people, over $27,000 was received in the first year. The best part of the record is the cour¬ age which has been put into the weary, hopeless lives of hundreds of jobless men and women. IN OTHER CITIES Goodwill Industries also have been or¬ ganized in Los Angeles, Denver, St Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Brooklyn. NEW HOPES FOR OLD "The Industries are not run for profit,” but all the income goes to training of the laborers and for the relief of the poor. The Goodwill Industries are taking the things no longer wanted by the well- to-do and are converting this waste into self-respecting wages to those who need work. 153 Goodwill methods supplant alms and patronage with self-respecting self- support. They pay self-respecting wages to the persons who perform the work of re¬ pair, cleaning and restoration, and while these persons are about their task, the Industries teach them a trade. It takes more skill to mend or make over a second-hand piece of furniture or clothing or an article of headgear or foot-wear than to make the original article. Goodwill Industries are turning out ex¬ pert cobblers, cabinet makers, uphol¬ sterers, tailors, milliners, dressmakers, etc., etc. In these days of reconstruction the Goodwill Industries propose to help the unskilled soldier and the unskilled civilian find a useful place in the economic order. $75,000 is needed to equip a Goodwill Industry. In 5 years the enterprise will be self-supporting and the origi¬ nal investment intact. If the Methodist Episcopal Church in thirty American cities would develop a work as large as that of Morgan Memorial, it would give work every year to 120,000 destitute people. It would pay them in self-respecting wages every year, $2,100,000. It would preach the gospel by precept and example to thousands it now does not reach at all. 154 TRAINING LEADERS THE UNIVERSITY PASTOR There are 25,000 Methodist Episcopal young people enrolled in 90 State uni¬ versities in this country. Forty-two per cent of these Methodist students are there for technical and advanced courses which cannot be se¬ cured at Methodist Episcopal colleges and universities. It is imperative that Methodism hold tnese young people and train them for future leadership. This work of the ’‘University Pastor” is done under the supervision of a Joint Committee of the Board of Education, and the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A definite policy has been worked out, based on the results of a conference with all the Methodist Episcopal work¬ ers at the State universities. This policy aims to adapt the program of the Church to the spiritual, social, and recreational needs of the otudents, and encourages general cooperation with the local Methodist group. In the absence of a program of religious instruction in the State universities, the Church aims to supply that need through lectures, study courses, Bible classes and regular Sunday School activities, and young people’s socie¬ ties. 155 Thus are brought to the students the fundamentals of the Christian religion, a workable and intellectual knowledge of the Bible, and answers to the many questions which naturally come to the growing intellect under the stimulus of modern science and literature. The recreational and social life of the students is provided for under con¬ ditions where the atmosphere is whole¬ some and elevating. The future Christian usefulness of the students is developed by acquainting them with the opportunities for service in the church. They are made familiar with problems which belong to modern Christian effi¬ ciency. The students are given actual tasks of Christian service which they perform under competent supervision. The morals of the nation depend on the vision for Christian service which uni¬ versity students carry with them into their various life fields. Only pastors of the strongest personali¬ ties can succeed in this kind of work. The Board of Education is ready to take up the larger task of training men for this specialized form of ministry. WESLEY FOUNDATIONS The Wesley Foundation at the Univers¬ ity of Illinois is an illustration of the possibilities of this student work. Upwards of 1,200 students in the Uni¬ versity of Illinois are Methodists. 156 In this one university last year there were 163 students from 35 countries other than the United States. The work done for students by Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, at Ur- bana, Illinois, the seat of the Uni¬ versity, has outgrown the present church plant. A new equipment is needed to enable Methodism to measure up to its duty in this University where experts in engineering, agriculture, law, medi¬ cine, and other professions are being trained. A $500,000 fund is being raised for the erection of a church building, a social center building, and the beginning of an endowment fund. The Board of Home Missions and Church Extension has already given $10,000 towards this fund. Since the incorporation of the Wfesley Foundation at the University of Illi¬ nois, eight other Wesley Foundations have been established at other great State universities. As fast as funds are available, the Board of Home Missions and Church Ex¬ tension will help establish Christian training plants on the campus of every one of the State universities and agri¬ cultural colleges. There are fifty centers where work among State university Methodist Episcopal students has been begun. In few instances is there anything like adequate equipment or staff. 157 The outstanding needs are buildings for student centers, class room work and worship. In some places the only available quart¬ ers are rented halls or buildings. There is a wide and fertile field for cultivation in State universities, aside from the large body of Methodist students. Just before the War, there were in tax- supported colleges and universities in America over 150,000 students. What an evangelistic challenge this re¬ markable group of young people pre¬ sents to the Christian Church! THE CENTENARY PROPOSES To strengthen regular Methodist Episco¬ pal Churches near student groups. To provide a student building, or Wes¬ ley Foundation, in State and inde¬ pendent institutions having large num¬ bers of Methodist students. To appropriate $125,000 in fellowships and scholarships for future leaders. To provide special training for ministers already in the field who cannot leave their pastorates. To establish training schools for Chris¬ tian leadership in connection with some recognized educational institu¬ tion. To furnish enlarged educational facilities for training leaders to work among Latin-Americans and Orientals. For this large-visioned program the Centenary is raising $2,694,450. 158 RECONSTRUCTION AT HOME THE NEW TASK War has brought new experiences. Immediate emergencies have arisen. Camp zone church equipment and ministry must be kept up. Obligations in war industrial centers must be met. Educational problems for the return¬ ing boys await us. A new necessity for community service greets the Church in the United States. The care of war orphans at home and abroad, broader ministries in Chris¬ tian Americanization, and more hos¬ pital facilities for our maimed sol¬ diers and sailors are necessary. The Methodist Episcopal Church must provide for its share of these new tasks without delay. The new industrial centers created by the government look to the Church for spiritual guidance. The opportunity of making Christian Americans of our non-English speaking population has suddenly become an urgent necessity. More than 10,000 students from Meth¬ odist Episcopal Colleges were under arms. Many of these boys will be unable to complete their education unless Methodism helps. 159 Equipped educationally, they will aug¬ ment the leadership of Church and State. War scholarships will enable them to prepare to render untold service. The orphans of Methodist men who have died in the Nation’s service must have a chance. What a father died for must be made available for his fatherless lad and lass. Provision must be made for the sup¬ port and education of these chidren. The Methodist Episcopal Church must father them and supply their needs. The Christ must minister through the Church to the bodies maimed in battle. Buildings, hospital facilities, and money must be furnished to help recon¬ struct the shattered bodies of our boys so that they may be self-sup¬ porting. These War Emergencies and Home Reconstruction obligations are an in¬ tegral part of the program of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, the enlarging of which has been necessitated by the war. The Centenary will raise $2,500,000 for these tasks in the United States for 1919. IfiO EVANGELISM The Master’s summons to fellowship with Him has never lost its force. Without it our missionary endeavors are futile. Interpreting Christ is the home mis¬ sionary’s fundamental mission. Evangelism has ever been a clear com¬ pelling note in the Methodist Epis¬ copal Church. The form of evangelistic presenta¬ tion varies as the times demand. The fundamental teaching ever re¬ mains the same. The increasing complexity of life nec¬ essitates new points of contact. Economic problems call for Christian solution. Industrial difficulties demand state¬ ment of Christian principle and ap¬ plication of Christian practice. Education challenges the Gospel to meet it on an intellectual plane. Morals and ethics run wild without its poise and sustaining spirit. Evangelism has to-day become a func¬ tion of Home Missions. The Department of Evangelism is Methodism’s response to an urgent necessity. It has a Committee on Evangelism in each Annual Conference. There is both a Conference and Dis¬ trict program of evangelism. 161 It stimulates pastoral and personal evangelism. It urges evangelism of the ear and of the eye. It seeks to counteract the soap-box orators. It believes in out-door preaching and shop meetings. It urges continuous evangelism in Sunday School and Epworth League. It conducts coaching conferences in evangelism for pastors. It places District Evangelists under District Superintendents. It conducts a Bureau of Accredited Methodist Episcopal Evangelists. It trains lay members and young peo¬ ple in personal evangelism. It furthers social and industrial evan¬ gelism. The religious renaissance which has come out of the war has proved that vital spiritual life is a pro¬ found necessity. To overcome inertia and indifference within the Church and to renew the spirit of personal evangelism is one of the chief aims of the Cen¬ tenary of Methodist Missions. In order that the Department of Evangelism of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church may do its work adequately, the Centenary is raising $201,000 for its varied program. 162 CHURCH EXTENSION A-PAGE FROM THE PAST The first Church Extension Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1854 by Dr. A. J. Kynett and other Iowa Methodists to aid settlers in the West to provide at once houses and churches. The Church Extension Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church was or¬ ganized by the General Conference of 1864. The first movement for a Loan Fund was worked out in 1856 by Method¬ ists of the Upper Iowa Conference. In 1873 the Loan Fund for the whole Church was proposed and adopted by General Conference. An annuity feature was added in 1870. In 1873 the Church Extension Society became the Board of Church Exten¬ sion. I In 1907, when the work of the Meth¬ odist Missionary Society was div¬ ided, the home mission activities were merged with the Board of Church Extension under the cor¬ porate name of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Church Extension Society and the Board of Church Extension labored forty-one years. During those forty-one years, $9,067,- 163 763.68 was received and distributed from its treasury. 15,000 churches were aided from this fund. 3,000 churches were among the Negro constituency, 1,800 among the white constituency of the South, 7,000 of them beyond the Mississippi River, and others in every corner of the country. THE PROCESS The Methodist Episcopal Church at large provides the money used to help build churches in the needy communities. Each congregation gives annually an offering for home missions and church extension, and the propor¬ tion to be used for each is decided by the Board at its annual meeting. When a church needs a loan an ap¬ plication endorsed by the pastor, Board of Trustees, and the District Superintendent is sent to the An¬ nual Conference Board of Home Missions and Church Extension and, when approved by them, to the De¬ partment of Church Extension in Philadelphia for its approval and recommendation to the Board of Home Missions and Church Ex¬ tension. The trusteeship of the Board of Home Missions and Church Exten¬ sion meets the fullest requirements of the business world in the hand¬ ling of its trust. 164 Without the help of the Loan Fund many Methodist Episcopal churches would be forced to close their doors. With the best of security no church can borrow over $5,000 except under very special conditions. To secure a loan a church must give a first mortgage for the amount received and the trustees a bond personally, as well as officially, for the prompt payment of the princi¬ pal and interest at five per cent. The purpose of the Loan Fund is church extension and not merely church relief. The Loan Fund now amounts to $2,- 000,000. THE OPPORTUNITY FUND Help must be given in some places by the thousands of dollars. It is being given from the Opportun¬ ity Fund, authorized in 1915. It is made up from increases in col¬ lections from the churches and un¬ designated bequests. Help is given from this Fund on con¬ dition that the local church raise at least three dollars for every dollar re¬ ceived. During the first year the gifts from the Opportunity Fund and the amounts raised by the churches re¬ ceiving help equalled $800,000. 165 THE MEMORIAL CHURCH Scattered over the country are over 900 Memorial Methodist Episcopal Churches. They are built in memory of some loved one who has died. A gift of $250 gives the donor the privilege of naming the church which must cost not less than $2,000. A gift of $350 insures a $3,000 church; $500, a $4,000 church. THE BUREAU OF ARCHITECTURE To have suitable churches erected in the different communities, there is a Bureau of Architecture of the Meth¬ odist Episcopal Church, conducted under the joint auspices of the Board of Sunday Schools and the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension. The aim of this Bureau is to meet the demands of the timjes in style of architecture and to guide con¬ gregations to a broader outlook when they contemplate building. CENTENARY PLANS The Church Extension features of the Centenary program of the Board of Home Missions and Church Exten¬ sion includes 2,506 new buildings; the remodeling of 1,035; the erect¬ ing of 1,188 parsonages; and 43 spe¬ cial buildings, a total of 4,772, at a cost of $62,007,350 of which the Cen¬ tenary askings call for $28,771,845. 166 CENTENARY HOME MISSION ASKINGS Projects Centenary- Rural work . 2,912 Askings $5,135,295 City work (including industrial groups, downtown polyglot masses, and miscel¬ laneous foreign speak groups) .... 892 13,945,500 Suburbs and Residen- tial Districts . 1,255 6,641,500 Immigrants (including Italians and Slav groups) . 281 2,393,490 ndians, Mormons, Lat- in-Americans, Japan¬ ese, and Chinese .... 415 1,831,860 Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico.. 180 931,805 Negro in the North, Negro in the South, and Mountain Whites 1,890 4,254,175 Frontier ... 1,507 2,014,835 Training of Christian Leadership . 124 2,682,950 Evangelism . 46 206,000 9,502 $40,037,410 167 WHAT MONEY WILL DO IN METHODIST EPISCOPAL HOME MISSION FIELDS $5 will put ten Opportunity Bags in a Goodwill Industries. $5 will build 20 cubic feet of the Plaza Community Center, or 30 cubic feet of one of the buildings of the Spanish- American Institute at Los Angeles. $5 will buy twenty Bibles in Spanish, Italian, or French. $5 will supply a Mexican or Portuguese Sunday School six months. $5 will provide 500 to 5,000 Latin- American Tracts. $6 will send a Gospel Messenger 300 miles visiting Latin-American Colo¬ nies in the Southwest. $5 up will buy Victrola records for an Institutional Church. $5 will enable 3 foreign boys to at¬ tend a class in carpentry for one week at the Broadway Methodist Church, Cleveland, Ohio. $5 will keep five boys off the city streets for thirty evenings. $5 will rent a Gymnasium 4 hours each week in a Bohemian Church. $5-$50 will buy kitchen supplies such as linen, silverware, tables, electric irons, etc., for an Institutional Church. 168 $5-$50 will buy gymnasium supplies, in¬ door balls, bats, basket balls, etc., for an Institutional Church. $5 will purchase framed pictures for mis¬ sion churches in New York City and other Cities. $5 will provide a day’s outing at the sea shore for 25 mothers and babies from an Italian Methodist Church. $5 will purchase a medicine ball for a City Church. $10 will provide a basket ball for a for¬ eign-speaking Church. $10 will provide the “movies” for a night’s entertainment for 500 young Italians. $10 will buy a basket ball for the use of the foreign boys and men. $10 per month will provide a trained primary Sunday School teacher for a Church of All Nations. $10 per month will pay the carfare of a teacher for an Immigrant Sunday School. $10 will give a working girl a two weeks’ outing. $10 will pay for an Italian kindergarten for two days. $10 will furnish a library for a Span¬ ish Sunday School or Church use. $10 will provide books of the course of study of a foreign-speaking pastor in training. $10 will publish 300 copies of “El Mex- icano” for distribution among the Mexican immigrants of the South¬ west. $10 will support a Latin-American stu- 169 dent a month at the Spanish-Ameri- can Institute. $10 will pay a month’s “salary” of a Gospel messenger to Mexicans in the best country of Southern California. $10 will pay for several “adobes,” ce¬ ment blocks, in the Plaza Institutional Church to be built by the Centenary in Los Angeles, California. $10 will furnish thread, buttons, needles, and scissors for the sewing class in an Italian Methodist Church. $10 will take a party of city boys to camp for two days. $10 will purchase copies of the United States Constitution to be studied in the American Citizenship Class at a foreign-speaking Methodist Episcopal Church. $10 will buy books of patriotic songs for the Glee Club of a foreign-speaking Methodist Episcopal Church. $10 will furnish song books for a Negro Church. $15 will conduct a cooking class for ten foreign girls through a year’s work. $15 per month will pay the salary of a teacher in a Methodist Episcopal Italian night school. $15 will give a mother and baby from the slums a two weeks’ outing at the shore. $15 will buy a crib for the day and night nursery in an Italian Methodist Episcopal Church. $15 will buy a dozen baby chairs or a garden swing for a Church nursery. $15 will purchase a camping outfit for 170 Italian Methodist Episcopal boys and girls. $20 will pay the cost of 15 boys for 30 weeks in a carpentry class at a Methodist Episcopal foreign-speaking Church. $20 will provide a month’s outing at the seashore for foreign-speaking chil¬ dren from the city tenement section. $25 will pay the expenses of a pastor to a training school for rural leader¬ ship. 1,500 pastors are to be trained each year for the next five years. $35 will provide tools for a carpentry class among foreign boys. $40 will provide a sewing machine for foreign-speaking city church. $40 will buy a good warm coat for a preacher on the western frontier and enable him to ride about the country at 40 below zero. $40 will furnish a laundry stove for Albuquerque College. $40 will provide instruments for a young people’s drum corps at the Jefferson Park Italian Methodist Church in New York City. $50 will buy a Communion Service for an Institutional Church. $50 will buy sand tables for an Insti¬ tutional Church. $50 will provide maps and charts for the Methodist Episcopal Anglo-Japa- nese School, San Francisco. $50 will provide an office typewriter for the Anglo-Japanese School at San Francisco. $50 annually will care for a boy in the 171 George O. Robinson School for Boys, at Hatillo, Porto Rico. $50 will provide a telescope for Al¬ buquerque College. $50 will provide a sewing machine for the sewing class in an institutional church. $50 will pay for 2 traveling libraries for rural pastors and rural communities. $50 will pay for an instructor on rural life at an Epworth League Institute, camp-meeting or small gathering. $60 will furnish six stationary bath tubs in Albuquerque College, New Mexico. $100 annually will pay all the expenses for educating a native Porto Rican minister, including his home and board. $100 will keep a girl in school in Porto Rico for one year, and train her for Christian service. $125 will keep a boy in school in Ha¬ waii for one year. $125 will provide a full scholarship for a year for a Latin-American boy in the Spanish-American Institute. $200 will start a Japanese Day School in California. $200 per year will provide a teacher in the Anglo-Japanese School at San Francisco $225 will take 35 children, 8 mothers, and 8 babies from the foreign con¬ stituency of the Broadway Methodist Church, Cleveland, Ohio, and give them a summer outing for a period of ten days. 172 $250 will provide a scholarship for a young man or woman training for special work among foreign-speaking groups in rural communities. $250 a year for five years will provide a small chapel for one of several communities in Porto Rico where the Methodists are unable to erect a large chapel. $300 will install electric lights in Al¬ buquerque College. $300 will provide support of one of the Japanese Methodist Episcopal preach¬ ers on the Pacific coast at a salary of $720. The difference can be raised by the congregation. $350 will pay the Home Missions share toward the support of a visiting rural nurse until such time as the District can pay for her entire services. 450 at least, of these are needed. $400 will enable the Methodists of Milk River District, North Montana Con¬ ference, to erect a parsonage in some new frontier town so the community may have at least one resident cler¬ gyman. 15 such parsonage appropria¬ tions are needed in this rapid devel¬ oping territory. $400 will sustain a worker among 3,000 people near a railway division point and machine shop in Nevada. $400 added to the amount raised on the field will provide for a Bible Woman in Hawaii. 11 Bible Women must be assisted in this manner. $500 each for 6 churches and $500 each for three years for 6 preachers are 173 needed on the Fort Peck Indian re¬ servation which is 80 miles long and 40 miles wide. $500 will provide the Home Missions share toward the support of a trained rural pastor on a charge where Meth¬ odism has sole responsibility and can be brought to help the support within a reasonable time under such leadership. 2,500 such charges are in need of such help. $500 will pay for an automobile for District Superintendents in the rural missionary territories. At least 300 automobiles should be provided for District Superintendents and 150 more for rural missionaries. $500 will help toward making rural parsonages safe and comfortable for the families of rural missionaries. $500 added to the amount raised on the field will provide for a Filipino pastor in Hawaii. 9 Filipino pastors are needed. $500 each for 6 Fords will enable that many Home Missionaries in Nevada to hold services at three different places on Sunday, and enable them to visit the distant ranches and hillside mines, also to answer distant emer¬ gency calls quickly. $500 each for 5 Ford cars will turn 5 preachers of LaGrande District, Idaho Conference, into the equivalent of 20, by enabling them to cover territory now unreached. This District equals Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont in size. 174 $500 donated to any of 25 congregations newly established frontier communi¬ ties on Milk River District, North Montana Conference, will enable the local church to become self-supporting in a few years. $500 will enable a pastor on a western circuit to buy a car and cover at least five times as much territory as with the best driving team. $500 will supply a trained, single, native Mexican pastor for one year in the Southwest. $500 will supply a trained woman re¬ ligious director for six months’ work in Southern California. $500 will make it within the reach of a small group of Methodists to substi¬ tute a chapel at Mons, Washington, for the school house in which they now worship. $500 will furnish a trained leader for a waiting colored congregation. $500 will assure the purchase of a par¬ sonage for colored minister and his family; the people paying the remain¬ der. $500 will pay one-third of the cost of a rural Negro church building. $500 will pay one-half of the cost of an annex building for community service among the Negroes of the South. $500 ($!00 annually for five years) will build a neat chapel in any one of 50 country communities of Porto Rico. These may be made Memorial Chap¬ els. 175 $600 will buy a Ford truck for Albu¬ querque College, New Mexico. $600 added to the amount raised on the field will provide for a Japanese preacher in Hawaii. 10 preachers must be assisted with this amount. $600 added to the amount raised on the field will provide for a Korean preach¬ er in Hawaii. A number of these preachers are needed at once. $720 to $1,000 will provide a Director of Religious Education in Downtown City Institutional Churches. $750 will provide ten scholarships for one year in Albuquerque College, New Mexico, for Spanish-speaking boys. $750 will purchase an auto truck for the Plaza Institutional Church in Los Angeles. $1,000 will pay the Home Missions share toward additional buildings for rural community service facilities. $1,000 a year will pay the Home Mis¬ sions share toward the support of a professor of rural leadership in a Methodist Episcopal college or theo¬ logical seminary. Many Methodist colleges and seminaries are now ready to inaugurate this work with the co¬ operation of the Department of Rural Work of the Board of Home Mis¬ sions and Church Extension. $1,000 will provide a trained woman worker for a rural District in the United States. 450 trained women workers should be provided. $1,000 will provide for an American Kindergarten instructor for the Jap- 176 anese of Hawaii. 2 of these teachers are needed now. $1,000 will place a traveling Bible School Missionary over a territory in Nevada including many small towns where there are no church or Sunday School services. $1,000 will place a Traveling Deaconess in Nevada to visit the women isolated in small settlements and encourage them in the spiritual life and in the proper nurture of their children. $1,000 will place a worker in a new set¬ tlement in Nevada formed by the open¬ ing up of irrigation systems by the Government. $1,000 will provide a new Church for San Jose, California, Chinese in place of an old storeroom, now in use. $1,000 will support the Mission for Blackfeet and Piegan Indians in Mon¬ tana for one year. $1,000 will fully support a trained effi¬ cient Mexican, Portuguese, or Italian pastor for one year. $1,000 will provide half of a perpetual scholarship at the Spanish American Institute. $1,000 will put a small swimming pool in Epworth Institutional Church, Den¬ ver. $1,000 will start a Church at Okanogan, Washington. Methodists were the first of any denomination to enter this com¬ munity, but the building at this coun¬ ty seat is miserably inadequate. $1,000 will assist the congregation at Nespelem, Washington, in the very 177 heart of the great Colville Indian Res¬ ervation to add a recreational center i to the church. $1,000 will open up a new work in an un-churched section of Mississippi and secure its development. $1,000 to $3,500 toward a Memorial Jap¬ anese Methodist Episcopal Church at Berkeley, California, will enable the people to erect a $7,000 church $1,000 to $4,000 toward a Memorial Jap¬ anese Methodist Episcopal Church at Sacramento, California, will enable the people to erect an $8,000 church. $1,500 will provide for 100 boys from the foreign constituency of the Broad¬ way Methodist Church of Cleveland, Ohio, at a Garden Camp for a period of 12 weeks. $2,000 will purchase a missionary motor boat for the Alaska Mission. $2,500 will erect an open air Kindergar¬ ten in Hawaii. 2 are needed. $2,500 will erect a Korean Church in Hawaii. 2 are needed. $3,000 will provide five Fords for five Mexican preachers in New Mexico. $5,000 will build five parsonages for Mexican preachers in New Mexico. Your money invested in Methodist Epis¬ copal Home Missions will produce more than anywhere else in the world, because behind it will be the limitless power of God. 178 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF METHODIST EPIS¬ COPAL HOME MISSIONS [The literature on Methodist Episcopal Home Missions may be secured of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, unless otherwise indicated.] CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY FOR AMERICA. By D. D. Forsyth and Ralph Welles Keeler. The new order as it applies to Metho¬ dist Episcopal Home Missions is here presented to relate the task of the Church to the great adventure of mak¬ ing Christian Americans of every man, woman, and child who lives under the protection of the Stars and Stripes. Illustrated. Maps and Charts, Biblio¬ graphy. Cloth, 75 cents; paper, 50 cents, postpaid. The Methodist Book Concern. THE CENTENARY SURVEY OF THE BOARD OF HOME MIS¬ SIONS AND CHURCH EXTEN¬ SION OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Board cov¬ ers. Illustrated with charts and maps. Bound with the Centenary Survey of the Board of Foreign Missions, $1.00, postpaid. 179 THE CHRISTIAN CONQUEST OF AMERICA. By Ralph Welles Keeler and Ellen Coughlin Keeler. The romance of Methodist Episcopal Home Missions from the beginning until now with the present-day vision and the task for to-morrow. A pre¬ sentation comprehensive and concrete, rich with scholarly insight and alive with the racy style of the Short-story writer. Printed in pamphlet form. Illustrated 56 pages. Bibliography. Price per copy, 15 cents; one dozen, $1.50; per hundred, $10.00 postpaid. The Methodist Book Concern. HOME BOARD BOOKLETS 1. Three Outposts of Liberty. Porto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska. 2. Save the City. A discussion of the problems confronting the Church in reaching the industrial and foreign¬ speaking groups of the cities. 3. The Stranger Within Our Gates. A study of the Americanization prob¬ lem. 4. Broken Trails on The Frontier. A view of the work in the Church’s frontier. 5. Off the Highroad. An inquiry into the rural situation in connection with the work of the Church. 6. John Stewart’s Kinsmen. A survey of the needs of the Negro. These booklets are 6x9 inches, illus¬ trated, and average 24 pages. They are 5 cents each, or packet containing 6 for 25 cents postpaid. 180 LIVE HOME MISSION MESSAGES Two-colored, illustrated, 4-page leaflets 12 x 8*4 inches. Concrete and inter¬ esting presentations of Methodist • Episcopal Home Mission endeavors. 1. The Church at the Center. The new day of the rural community. 2. The Transformation. The story of the Old and New Frontier. 3. From Over the Border. The Spanish- American of the Southwest. 4. The Invasion from Dixie. A study of the Negro migration Northward. 5. Our Italian Allies. The Italian im¬ migrant in the United States. 6. The Builders. The Church Exten¬ sion romance of the Methodist Epis¬ copal Church. 7. The City. The tragedy and oppor¬ tunity of the city church. 8. Evangelism. The call of the Church to its fundamental mission. Single copies of these Messages may be secured free. Quantities for distri¬ bution may be secured for 50 cents a hundred, postpaid. IN MEMORIAM. A six-page three- color illustrated folder on the Mem¬ orial Church. Free. TALKING POINTS A series of 8-page leaflets 3^4 x 614 inches, containing concise facts on Home Mission fields, prepared for the use of District Superintendents, pas- 181 tors, Sunday School teachers, Epworth Leaguers and Centenary workers. 1. The Frontier 2. The Rural Commuity 3. The New American 4. The City 5. The American Negro 6. Southern Highlanders These may be secured free by writing to the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. INVESTMENTS IN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY A leaflet 3^4 x 6% inches, indicating what sums of money ranging from $1.00 to $1,000 will do in the Home Mission field. Free. REVIVAL SERMONS Outlines for revival sermons prepared for pastors by the Department of Evangelism. Free. COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR THE LOCAL CHURCH A 16 page manual of suggestions for efficiency in local community service, with bibliography. 10 cents. ORGANIZING A DISTRICT FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE A 12 page manual for District Superin¬ tendents to accompany Community Service in the Local Church. 10 cents. 182 GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HOME MISSIONS Democracy The Soul of Democracy. By Edward Howard Griggs. $1.25. America—Here and Over There. By Luther B. Wilson. 75 cents. Religious Education and Democracy, By Benjamin S. Winchester. $1.50. In Our First Year of War. By Wood- row Wilson.' $1.00. The New Democracy. By Walter E. Weyl. $2.00. Our Democracy, Its Origins and Its Tasks. By James H. Tufts. $1.50. The Religious Foundation of Amer¬ ica. By Charles Lemuel Thompson. $1.50. Frontier The Oregon Missions. By James W. Bashford. $1.25. Brigham Young and His Mormon Em¬ pire. By Cannon and Knapp. Foundations of Mormonism. By W. E. La Rue. $1.25. Trail Tales. By J. D. Gillilan. 75 cents. Frontier Missionary Problems. By Bruce Kinney. $1.25. The Frontier. By Ward Platt. 60 cents. Brother Van. By Stella W. Brummitt. 60 cents. 183 The American Indian on the New Trail. By Thomas C. Moffett. 60 cents. The Klondike Clan. By S. Hall Young. $1.35. Advance in the Antilles. By Howard B. Grose. 60 cents. Down in Porto Rico. By George Mil- ton Fowles. 75 cents. Rural Introduction to Rural Sociology. By Paul L. Vogt. $2.50. The Rural Church Serving the Com¬ munity. By Edwin L. Earp. 75 cents. The American Rural School. By Harold W. Foght. $1.25. The Study of a Rural Parish. By Ralph A. Felton. 50 cents. City The Challenge of Pittsburgh. By Daniel L. March. 60 cents. The Challenge of St. Louis. By George B. Mangold. 60 cents. The Churgh in the City. By Frederick D. Leete. $1.00. The Redemption of the South End. By E. C. E. Dorion. $1.00. / mmigrant Sons of Italy. By Antonio Mangano. 60 cents. Immigrant Forces. By William P. Shriver. 60 cents. The Immigrant and the Community. By Grace Abbott. $1.00. Leadership for the New America. By Archibald McClure. $1.25. 184 Negro Your Negro Neighbor. By Benjamin G. Brawley. 60 cents. Methodism and the Negro. By I. L. Thomas. $1.00. A Short History of the American Negro. By Benjamin G. Brawley. $1.25. Church Extension The New Country Church Building. By Edwin deS. Brunner. 75 cents. Evangelism Social Evangelism. By Harry F. Ward. 50 cents ; postage, 8 cents. Educational Evangelism. By Charles E. McKinley. 50 cents; postage, 10 cents. Every Church Its Own Evangelist. By Loren M. Edwards. 50 cents. Letters on Evangelism. By Edwin H. Hughes. 25 cents; postage, 3 cents. The Gospel for a Working World. By Harry F. Ward. 60 cents. Heart Messages from the Psalms. By Ralph Welles Keeler. 50 cents. The books can be secured at The Methodist Book Concern or any of its depositories. 185 Part III A SUGGESTION OR TWO THE CENTENARY BULLETIN Is the official newspaper of the Centen¬ ary Movement. It is published each week under the auspices of the Joint Centenary Committee and it aims to present to the Church the current rec¬ ord of the progress of the Centenary throughout the Church. The publicity workers attached to the areal offices keep the Bulletin in touch with the different sections of the Church. Trained newspaper writers in the New York office prepare the material for publication. The Bulletin is probably the most wide¬ ly circulated religious newspaper in the world. On its regular mailing list are the bishops, district superintend¬ ents and presiding elders of both branches of Methodism; officers of all the connectional organizations in the Methodist Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal Church, South; all the pas¬ tors of our Church, members of the Centenary councils in areas, districts and local churches; minute men, unit leaders and many other laymen who are interested in the work of the Cen¬ tenary. The circulation is well be¬ yond 100,000 copies each week and is increasing all the time. 186 MISSIONARY NEWS There is probably no publication in all the field of religious journalism that has more intimate, personal type of story than Missionary News. The art of selecting the stories in Missionary News to have the largest appeal, is one of the most marked achievements of their editorial com¬ mittee. There is a happy blending of thrilling adventure with a very deep note of spiritual emphasis. There are the stories appearing in re¬ cent issues dealing with escapes from crocodiles, battles with bandits, inter¬ views with the kings of savage tribes, conflict with the venomous inhabitants of the jungle, and many other breath¬ less escapes and heroic achievements of the missionary in the foreign field. In addition, the stories of self-sacrific¬ ing and unassailable faith from these far-off fields are a thrilling challenge to the church at home. With a subscription list of approxi¬ mately eighty thousand, this little magazine, in all likelihood, is read by at least four hundred thousand peo¬ ple every month, and not the least achievement that they have gained is the organization of their business of¬ fice, that makes it possible to provide a yearly subscription for the small sum of 10 cents, or three years for 25 cents. Missionary News, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York City. 187 As striking statements as are in this book will be found in World Outlook The most fascinating pic¬ ture and story-book of world conditions ever pub¬ lished. Every number opens a new door Each month WORLD OUT¬ LOOK focuses on a subject, as “China,” “The Six O’clock Whistle around the World,” “Winning America.” Its articles and stories, terse, sparkling and full of interest* are written by authorities. Its pictures are the best obtainable. 20 CENTS A COPY $1.50 A YEAR 150 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK CITY 188 WORLD METHODISTS This is the time of the ages when to be a real Methodist means to be a world Methodist. The Christian Ad¬ vocate family is composed of the offi¬ cial weeklies of the Methodist Episco¬ pal Church. They gather missionary facts from correspondents in all parts of the world. You can’t know mis¬ sions as missions are related to the whole work of the Church except you are a Christian Advocate reader. The Christian Advocate will enable you to follow the Centenary as its pro¬ gram is worked out in the home and foreign mission field. These weeklies are the first hand text-books for those who would know missions. There is no paper “just as good.” Bishop E. H. Hughes says: “You may train a feeble local Methodist without a Church Paper, but you cannot get a City Methodist, or a Conference Methodist, or a State Methodist, or a Nation Methodist, or a World Meth¬ odist, until you have fed a man for years on the nourishing food of our Advocates. The parochial Methodist is always a non-subscriber. The Ecumenical Methodist is always nec¬ essarily a subscriber. This is the human and resistless argument for the Advocate.” Tell your pastor to send in your sub¬ scription. Any branch of The Meth¬ odist Book Concern will receive it. 189 Stewardship ! The best minds of to-day are interpreting their relationships ac¬ cording to the principles em¬ bodied in Men and Money A Journal of Christian Stewardship Interesting — because it touches daily life. Practical — because it sug¬ gests a system that works. j. / X J 1. 3 i C>. * Jw * V* 'f J f^ .1 * 1 \ ' I’J. ) J.t "# > ,i _• (y Stimulating — because it sets the reader thinking. 60 cents a year if you Subscribe now! Joint Centenary Committee Methodist Episcopal Church hi Fifth Avenue, New York 3 90 THE CENTENARY IN LANTERN SLIDES The Lantern Slide and Lecture Bureau is a service department for all Cen¬ tenary workers, including District Superintendents and pastors. They have for rent at a nominal fee a wide range of illustrated lectures which are accompanied with beautiful colored slides, that cover not only all the mission fields abroad, but touch also upon all the typical problems of the home field. There are in addition to these many sets of Centenary lectures for the free use of Centenary teams and District Superintendents. These are being dis¬ tributed through each of the area offi¬ ces. This Bureau is visualizing all the Cen¬ tenary problems of Methodist Episco¬ pal Home and Foreign Missions. The sale and rental department carries in stock a selection of stereopticons in addition to the necessary equipment* thus making them ready for instant use. For detailed information address Lan¬ tern Slide and Lecture Bureau, Joint Centenary Committee of the Metho¬ dist Episcopal Church, 111 5th Ave. 191 A REMARKABLE OFFER TELL THIS TO YOUR NEIGHBOR We are offering a bargain in literature — more than one hundred publications for the cost of one monthly magazine per year. That is , we offer 1. Three monthly publications. World Outlook, the magazine which takes you around the world while you sit in your rocking chair. 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