OUTLINE ANNALS AND MISSION ROLL OF THE JAPAN MISSION OF THE AMERICAN BOARD 1897 . PRINTED BY THE YOKOHAMA BUNSHA. 1897. - OUTLINE ANNALS AND MISSION ROLL OF THE JAPAN MISSION OF THE AMERICAN BOARD 1897 . PRINTED BY THE YOKOHAMA BUNSHA. 1897. ,v.v>' & j Preliminary Notes. 1859. Four ports of the Japanese Empire were declared open to foreign commerce and permanent residence. Arrivals of missionaries were American Episcopal. — Rev. J. Liggins in May, and C. M. Williams in June. Presbyterian. — J. C. Hepburn M.D., in October Reformed. — Rev. S. R. Brown, D. B. Simmons, M.D., and Rev. G. F. Verbeck in November. Number of Missionaries in Japan. 1859.... .. 6 ; i860.... .. 5 ; 1861.... ... 7 1862.... ... 6 ; 1863.... ... 7; 1864.... •• 7 1865.... ... 71 1866.... ... 7; 1867.... ... 7 1868.... .. 8; i86g.„. ... 13; 1870.... .. 12 1871.... .. 20 ; N CO .. 28; 1873.... •• 55 1874.... .. 66; 1875.... .. 73 ; 1876.... .. 87 1868. Year 1 of Meiji. Removal of the Court from Kyoto to Tokyo. Number of baptisms of Japanese 1859-1869, - 9. A. B. C. F. M. JAPAN MISSION. i86g. The Prudential Committee adopted a resolution July 13 recommending the Board to open a mission in Japan. The Board at its annual meeting at Pittsburg in Septem- ber authorized the opening of the mission. Mr. and Mrs. Greene sailed from San Francisco on the America Nov. 4 ; arrived at Yokohama Nov. 30 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Greene removed to Kobe in March, first living at the place now called No. 22, being the only missionaries except Dr. Williams then living between Yokohama and Nagasaki. 1871. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. O. H. Gulick and J. D. Davis. Arrest and imprisonment of Mr. Gulick’s teacher Ichikawa, who afterwards died in prison. 1872. Accessions. — Dr. and Mrs. Berry and Gordon. Osaka station opened by Messrs. Gulick and Gordon. 2 — Mr. Gulick’s visit to Kyoto ; imprisonment of the officer who befriended him. [First convention of missionaries in Japan ; appointment of a committee to translate the New Testament. Beginning of the publication of Japanese newspapers. First Japanese Protestant church organized March io in Yokohama.] 1873 - Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson and Dexter, Dr. and Mrs. Taylor (Jan. i, ’74) ; Mr. Leavitt, Misses Dudley, Talcott and Gouldy. Beginning of public preaching in Japanese in Kobe. Publication of the first tract. — “ Chika Michi.” “ We have been somewhat anxious for fear Christianity would be taken up as a state religion. Unless we are speedily re-enforced, the golden opportunity will be lost.” [Feb. 24. — issue of the edict which led to the with- drawal of the public proclamations against Christ- ianity. Publication of two of the Gospels in Japanese. Adoption of the Western calendar in Japan. Return of the Iwakura embassy. Release of many hundreds of Roman Catholic Christians.] 1874. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. De Forest, Dr. and Mrs. Adams, Miss Gulick, Mrs Doane, and Mr. Neesima. Removal of Mr. Greene to Yokohama for the transla- tion of the New Testament. First hymn-book in Japan- — 3 — ese. First organized Sunday school (Dec. 7, ’73), Dr. Berry superintendent. Kobe church organized (April 19) with eleven members ; Osaka church (May 24) with seven. “ The members of this church propose to do their own thinking ” “ The Kyoto government has written to the Kobe gov- ernment, asking why missionaries are allowed to go on - with their work here.” i«75- Accessions. — Mr. Doane, Mr. and Mrs. Learned, Misses Stevens and Wheeler. Departupes. — Mr. and Mrs. Dexter. Sanda church organized (July 27) with sixteen mem- bers, the first church in Japan with more female than male members. Kobe Girls’ School (now Kobe College) opened (Oct. 12) by Misses Dudley and Talcott with five boarding pupils. Kyoto station opened in October by Mr. Davis, and the Doshisha School opened (Nov. 29) by Mr. Neesima and Mr. Davis, with eight pupils. Publication of the Shichi Ichi Zappo, the first Christian newspaper in Japanese, begun (Dec. 27) by Mr. Gulick. [The Imperial Japanese post-office took over the charge of the American mails — postage fifteen cents. Publication of the first book — Luke — issued by the com- mittee for the translation of the New Testament.] “ These Christians want to be independent of foreign aid.” “ This whole region seems to have received the impres- sion that to become a member of the church means to _ 4 become a preacher of the word.” “ On their preaching tours they insist on paying their own expenses.” 1876. Accessions. — Mrs. Leavitt and Misses Barrows and Starkweather. Mr. Atkinson’s first tour in Shikoku. Churches organized in Hyogo and (three) in Kyoto. First buildings of the Doshisha opened in September. [Japan entered the Postal Union, and postage to America was reduced to five cents. Only one mail a month most of this year. Sunday was made an official holiday.] 1877 - Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Jencks and Curtis, Misses Clarkson, Parmelee and Wilson. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. Doane. Organization of the Naniwa church in Osaka (Jan. 20), and ordination of the first pastor of a church in connection with the mission (Mr. Sawayama). Organization of the Tamon church and ordination of a pastor (Mr. Murakami) in Hyogo. Beginning of the Doshisha Girls’ School by Miss Starkweather. Beginning of discussion of self-support. [War of the Satsuma rebellion.] 1878. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Cary, Pettee, and Davis, Mr. J. T. Gulick, and Miss Gardner. Departures.— Dr. and Mrs. Adams. 5 — Marriage and death. — Miss Wheeler (Mrs. Goodrich). Baikwa Jo Gakko opened, with Miss Stevens as foreign teacher. Denaogwaisha organized at Osaka Jan. 2 and 3 ; sent out nine students to preach during the summer ; receipts, $71.69; expenditures, $69.90. Organization of the Annaka and Akashi churches. Erection of the Kyoto Girls’ School building and of the first Kobe church building. Medical member of tne Kyoto station ordered out of the city for practising medicine, and permission for more missionaries to live in Kyoto refused. [Missionary convention in Tokyo in regard to the transla- tion of the Old Testament. First meeting of the Dai Shimbokkvvai of the churches of Japan.] 1879 - Accessions. — Misses Colby and Davis. Death. — Dr. Adams. Organization of churches at Osaka (Temma), Hikone, Yokkaichi, Imabari, and Tokyo. Okayama station opened by Dr. and Mrs. Berry, Mr. and Mrs. Cary and Pettee, and Miss Wilson. Reduction of appropriations. Graduation of the first theological class from the Doshisha. Permission for further residence in Kyoto obtained, after much difficulty, by Mr. Neesima’s personal efforts. First grant of the Board’s money in aid of the work of the Dendogwaisha ; beginning of the work of the — 6 — “ Committee of Five ” (afterwards the Evangelistic Com- mittee). First honorary degree conferred on a member of the mission. The Board received the Otis legacy. 1880. Accession. — Miss Kellogg. Departure. — Miss Wilson. Death. — Mrs. Curtis. Marriage. — Mr. J. T. Gulick and Miss Stevens. April i. — Churches, 16 ; church members, 514. Organization of Okayama church. “ The tendency of missionary work in this mission, young as it is, is to pass more and more into native hands.” [Publication of the whole New Testament in Japanese.] 1881. Accessions. — none. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. Leavitt. April 1. — Churches 17; membership, 722; increase 208. Great preaching meetings begun with a great theater meeting at Kyoto in May. “ The chief danger of our work lies in its popularity.” “ No other topic will now draw the multitudes together like discussions on Christianity.” [Publication of the revised English version of the New Testament.] 1882. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Allchin, Miss E. M. Brown. — 7 — Marriage and departure. — Miss Kellogg (Mrs. Taft). Honorary degree, one. Vernacular theological department of the Doshisha opened. Joseph Cook’s visit. April i. — Churches, 18 ; membership, 881 ; increase 159 - “ The remarkable growth of the mission work in Japan during the last ten years has aroused a vigorous opposi- tion among the Buddhist priests.” Publication of Mr. Curtis’s revision of the hymn-book. 1883. Accessions. — Misses Daughaday, Hooper, and Searle. Departure. — Miss Starkweather. April i. — Churches, 19; membership, 1,097; increase 216. The Shichi Ichi Zappo discontinued. Niigata station opened by Mr. and Mrs. O. H. Gulick and Davis, and Miss Gulick. First appointment of a mission building committee. Honorary degree, one. 18S4. Accessions. — Mr. Cady and Mr. and Mrs. Gaines. Departures.— none. April 1. — Churches, 22 ; membership, 1,791; increase 694 Erection of the Doshisha Recitation Hall. — 8 — Great revival in the Doshisha in March. “ The whole membership of the Protestant churches in Japan has increased about fifty per cent during the past year.” “A crisis in the religious history of Japan is upon us.” “ The Lord is doing for us great things.” Opening of the Kobe Women’s Bible School. [Japanese paper currency raised in value to silver.] 1885. Accessions. — Mr. and Mis- Scudder, Miss Gunnison. Departure. — Miss Gouldy. April i. — Churches, 2S ; membership, 2,752 ; increase 961. Reorganization of the Kyoto Girls’ School. “ Oh, the depth of the gratitude we feel towards you 1 It is more than we can express in words.” (Letter of the churches to the mission). “ Whether we consider the faithfulness of the pastors and evangelists, or the earnestness, activity and generosity of the churches, we look up to God with gratitude and praise.” [Great flood in Osaka and vicinity. Revised English version of the Old Testament published.] 1886. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Buckley, Rowland, Stan- ford, and F. N. White, Mrs. Curtis, Misses Bliss and Richards. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Davis. Death. — Mrs. J. D. Davis. 9 — Marriage. — Mr. Cady and Miss Clarkson. April i. — Churches, 34; membership, 3,569; increase, 817. Sendai station opened by Mr. and Mrs. De Forest, Curtis, and White. Doshisha chapel erected ; Mr. Cady’s house burned. “ A most intense and wonderful enthusiasm for the study of the English language.” [Cholera prevailing through the summer. Osaka Y. M. C. A. hall erected. Visit of Mrs. Mary Leavitt for temperance work, and of Mr. George Muller.] Beginning of the “ great debate ” in the Board at its annual meeting at Des Moines. [The name Kumi-ai first formally recognized by the churches at their annual meeting this year.] 1887. Accessions. — Dr. and Mrs Scudder, Mr. and Mrs. Albrecht, and Clark, Messrs. Bartlett and Newell, Mrs Kendall, Misses Clark, Gill, Graves, Howe, Judson, Meyer, Poole, Shed, and W ainwright. Departures.— Mr. and Mrs. Jencks, and Misses Davis, and Bliss. April i. — Churches, 41 ; membership, 4,226 ; increase, 657 - Kumamoto station opened by Mr. and Mrs. O. H. Gulick. Doshisha library building erected. Kobe College chapel erected. 10 — Kyoto Nurse’s Training School and Hospital formally opened under the care of Dr. Berry and Miss Richards. Committee ad Interim first appointed. Financial management of the Doshisha turned over to the Trustees at the end of this year. “ Certainly there has never been more reason for pro- found gratitude for the rapidly growing work.” “ Within two years there has been a vast increase in the enthusiasm for the study of F.nglish, and within a few months there has arisen a great desire for a knowledge of Western etiquette, Western sewing, etc , and a disposition to look favorably upon Christianity.” [Dr. Storrs elected president of the Board.] Appointment of a joint committee on union with the Presbyterians. Beginning of kindergarten work. 1888. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. S. L. Gulick, Misses G. and J. Cozad, Denton, McLennan, Smith and White. Departures. — None. Marriages. — Dr. Davis and Miss Hooper. Mr. Scudder and Mrs. Kendall. April r.*— Churches, 43 ; membership, 6,340 ; increase, 2,114. Maebashi station opened by Miss Shed. Preparation and discussion of the constitution for the proposed union of churches. Pupils in schools, 2,233. “ The interest awakened in former years is unabated ; it seems rather to have gained in intensity.” “ The interest in higher Christian education has only become more and more intense during the year.” “ The older institutions are crowded with pupils.” Publication of the new hymn-book. Publication of the Old Testament in Japanese. 1889. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Pedley, Messrs. Foulk and Wyckoff, Misses. Bradshaw, Daniels, Griswold, Holbrook, Radford, Stone, and Vetter. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. Gaines and Scudder, Dr. and Mrs. Scudder, and Miss Scudder. Marriage. — Mr. Newell and Miss Cozad. Honorary degrees. — One D.D., one Ph. D. April i. — Churches, 49 ; membership, 7,871 ; increase, 1 . 531 - Pupils in schools. — 2,705 ; pupils in the Doshisha, 773 ; baptisms in the Doshisha, 172 ; conversions in Kobe college, 60. Matsuyama occupied by Miss Gunnison; Tsu by Miss Colby. End of the movement for church union. Visit of Mr. Wishard ; first summer school (at Kyoto). “ The interest in higher Christian education continues unabated.” “ Hundreds of cities are eager to receive the messengers of the Gospel. Never before was such an opportunity offered to the Christian church.” “ Now is reaping time for Japan.” [Promulgation of the constitution of Japan, Feb. 11 ] — 12 [Beginning of the work of the Unitarian and Liberal German missions.} 1890. Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. W. L. Curtis and Hill, Messrs. Bassett, Beall, Severance, and S. S White, Misses C. L. Brown, Telford, and Torrey. Departures. — Misses Radford and Richards. Deaths. — Dr. Neesima and Mrs. Pedley, and Miss Scudder. Dr. Greene took up his residence in Tokyo. Tottori station opened by Mr. and Mrs. Rowland and Miss Holbrook. April i. — Churches, 61 ; membership, 9,146 ; increase, 1,275. Pupils in schools. — 2,693. Harris Science School in the Doshisha opened. “ Conservative reaction ” ; “ Japan for the Japanese ” ; “ A year of many trials.” Rise of a critical spirit in the Sokwai towards mis- sionaries. 1891. Accessions. — Mr. Coates, Misses Adams, Fraser, Har- wood, Kent, Stewart, and Wilkinson. Departures. — Mr. Wyckoff, Misses Poole, Smith and White. Marriage. — Mr. Bassett and Miss Vetter. Miyazaki station opened by Mr. and Mrs. Clark. April i. — Churches, 71; membership, 10,142; in- crease, 996. — 13 Pupils in schools.— 2,047. Withdrawal from the Tokwa (Sendai) school. Opening of the Politico-Law department of the Doshisha . *' The most trying year in the history of the mission.” Reduced appropriations. [Great earthquake in central Japan Oct. 28.] 1892. Accessions. — Mr. Benton, Mrs. L. H. Gulick, Miss Case. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. Bassett, Buckley, Cady, and O H. Gulfck, Messrs. Benton and Coates, Misses Graves and Wilkinson. Marriages. — Mr. Severance and Miss Gill. Mr. White and Miss McLennan Mr. Pedley and Miss Clark. April i.- — Churches, 65; membership, 10,760; in- crease, 618. Pupils in schools.- — 1,999. Visit of Dr. F. E. Clark, and of Miss W r est. 1893 - Accessions. — Mr. and Mrs. Noyes, Mr. Johnson. Departures. — Dr. and Mrs. Berry, Mr. and Mrs. F. N. White, Mr. Beall, Miss Meyer. Death. — Mr. Foulk. January i. — Churches, 65; membership, 11,116; in- crease, 356. Pupils in schools. — 1,506. Niigata school discontinued. — 14 End of the “ great debate ” in the Board. Erection of the Doshisha Theological Hall and the Kobe College Science and Music Halls. 1894. Accessions. — Mr. Davis, Mrs. Bartlett, Miss Benedict. Departures. — Mr. Johnson, Misses Shed and Stone. Death. — Mrs. L. H. Gulick January i. — C hurches, 70; membership, 11,079; loss, 37 - Pupils IN SCHOOLS —1315. Withdrawal from Tsu. [War of China and Japan. Revision of the treaties.] 1895. Accession. — Mrs. A. A. Davis. Departures — Mr. and Mrs. Severance and Miss Telford. January i. — C hurches, gg ; membership, 11,162; in- crease, -83. Pupils. — 1,255. Sapporo station opened by Mr. and Mrs. Curtis. Visit of the Deputation. End of the co-operation with the Dendogwaisha. 1896. Accession. — Miss Swartz. Departures. — Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Davis and Hill, Misses Fraser and Kent. January i. — C hurches, 102 ; membership, 9,863 ; de- crease, i,2gg, — 15 — Honorary degrees, two. Death of Dr. Clark. Reduction of appropriations. Separation from the Doshisha. Visit of Mr. Mott. 16 — Annual Mission Meetings. Year. Date. Place. Chairman. Preacher. 1872 Jan. 2 Kobe Greene lS73 June 14 „ Greene " 3 - GO M May 27 ,, Davis 1875 May 26 „ Taylor Davis 1S76 May 24 Osaka Gordon Greene 1877 June 18 Kyoto Leavitt None 1878 June 18 Arima Learned De Forest 1879 June 17 Kobe Atkinson Cary 1880 May 25 Osaka R. H. Davis W. W. Curtis 1881 May 10 Kobe W. W. Curtis Pettee 1882 May 9 „ Cary R. H. Davis 1883 May 4 Kyoto Pettee J. D. Davis 00 oc June 6 Osaka J. D. Davis Atkinson 1885 June 12 Kobe Greene Allchin 1886 Aug. 1 Mt. Hiei Learned Cady 1887 Aug. 7 ,, Cary H. M. Scudder 1888 July 29 ,, F N. White Albrecht 1889 July 28 ,, Allchin Learned i8go July 4 Kobe college Cady Rowland i8gi July 4 ,, Rowland F. N. White iSg2 July C ,, Newell W. W Curtis 1893 July 5 ,, S. L. Gulick Newell 1894 July 5 „ Albrecht Noyes 1895 July 4 „ W. W. Curtis S. L. Gulick 1896 July 2 »> Gordon Pedley 1897 July 7 ,, W. L. Curtis De Forest COMMITTEE AD INTERIM. 17 o3 P-H £ Ph’ > * Ko. Ni m. Hono Ky. *>I X >1 >10 O o' » 3 o 6 CA d d o c/> « o ^ ^ o _ c CL) *o 'd bh C 3 "P e . £ O r O o Place oi Educatio o E >2 a . Oahu. Mt. Holyc Beloit. Rockfor Jefferso: Abbot. Waynesbi Runchar Fanningt Rockfor Chicago S Iowa. Birth-place. Mass. Honolulu. New York. Illinois. Maine Penn. Mass. Conn. Illinois. England. Mass. Maine. Indiana. * VO CO CO VO lO CO Q\CT> jt^r^ CT> C\ H H H » jh*> t's t'N r>. 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C/2 O CJ W * CO CO C/3 > C/3 C/3 C/3 <2 § § § § g a; E? % o u : ^ << c . o *0 52 • O C j_J 1 O x H 0 > — rt * C £ > ^ ^ > OJ C o c < L > CQ * W gc ju rt u £ *5 ^ d w ^d .a .2 8 < w z C/J C/3 C/3 C/3 C/3 C/3 O "O fS § s § s g Mission Roll. 31 • C .rt o ^5 Associate. * Deceased. No one person has seen all these 143 people. — 32 Mission Roll. Men 48 Married women 35 Single women 60 (of whom 15 have since been married). Deceased 9 Associate members 13 Number who served in the civil war 5 Connected with the mission one year or less. 8 Shortest time in Japan, 4 months, 4 days. Twenty years or more in one station 7 In Japan fully ten years before a furlough ... 16 Average age on arrival in Japan (not including asso- ciate members nor those who had previously been mem- bers of other missions) : — - Men 30 years. Married women 26 „ 10 months. Unmarried women 30 ,, Greatest age, 45 (two) ; least, 185 Of 44 married couples, the wife older than the husband in 11 cases. Largest numbers born in one year : — II in 1856 8 in 1858 ; 7 in 1852 8 in 1 861 ; 7 in 1862 Largest numbers born in five consecutive years : — 35 in 1856-1860 ; 35 in 1858-1862 Born not later than 1830 5 Between 1831 and 1840 9 * 1841 „ 1850 35 „ 1851 „ i860 56 „ 1861 „ 1870 33 „ 1871 „ 1880 3 — 33 — • Birth-places. Maine 5 ; New Hampshire 7 ; Vermont 5 Massachusetts 27 ; Rhode Island 1 ; Connecticut 11 New York 17 ; Pennsylvania 5 ; Delaware 2 Ohio 13 ; Indiana 1 ; Illinois 8 Michigan 2 ; Wisconsin 8 ; Iowa 3 Minnesota 3 ; California 2 ; Oregon 1 British America 5 ; England 4 ; Germany 1 India 4 ; Pacific Islands 7 - Of 44 married couples both husband and wife were born in the same" state in io cases ; in the same city in 3. Colleges. Men.— Amherst 6 ; Yale 5 ; Dartmouth 4 Oberlin 3 ; Beloit 2 ; Doane 2 Middlebury 2 ; Williams 2 ; Harvard 1 Illinois 1 ; Knox 1 ; Michigan 1 Minnesota 1 ; McGill 1 ; New York x Ripon 1 ; Victoria 1 ; Waynesburgr Women. — Mt. Holyoke 1 1 ; Oberlin 6; Carleton 2 Rockford 2 ; Wellesley 5 ; Smith 1 Theological Seminaries. Andover 7 ; Chicago 5 ; Yale 5 Oberlin 4 ; Union 4 ; Bangor 2 Hartford 1 ; Pacific j. — 34 — Average time before first furlough of those who re- turned, or are expecting to return, to Japan : — (6 1 persons) 8 years, 3 months. Longest time 16 „ 6 „ Shortest time 1 ,, 1 „ Average time before departure of those who did not re- turn (not including associate members)... 5 years, 1 month. Shortest time 4 months, 4 days. Average time between returning to Japan and taking second furlough 7 years i month. Number connected with the mission one year or less (including associate members) 8 Average number of Missionaries in each place actually occupied on Jan. 1 of each year 1871... 2 1880... 9 1889... 9.1 1872... 6 1881... 10 1890... 8.1 1873... 5 1882... 9.2 1891... 7.4 1874... 9 1883... 9 1892... 6.5 1875... 8-3 1884... 7.8 1893... 6.1 1876... 7.2 1885... 8.4 1894... 6.4 1877... 8.2 1886... 8.8 1895... 6.4 1878... 8-5 1887... 8.1 1896... 5.6 1879... 10.7 1888... 10.8 1897... 3.2 Children. — 35 Q “ c > 3 •g u < o c O +i 03 03 •§ ^ ’> 15 O g rt 00 gS Q » U (U CO Q g ir o £ S < >c ^ 2 >1 2 O M l 2 ^ Q O w X 6 j ^ ji pi i> 5 ^ ^ . 00 OJ 00 J 00 to 0 l " H «-< 0 ’> rf Q M PQ CO c rt aS w ft 0 c 0 03 C 15 < d 1 S ro £ . ■^~ 05 Qj 0*3 t''* H OO cu — < Vh C _ O rt >. o 03 O S a o Q > •p H O -B a c a tH Children. 36 — o > OO « OO Q - c/5 C/3 p s 0 ) o o cn j < W E E o 2 S 6 S < cu d o l- 3 K fa . c <13 O — m -d oo u U E tc < u £ < ►J E E to 0 y f-t , rt ddJ t-i O O d >% ^ § Q O c °. ! o ^ -C < w o j3 a g a g?> -S £ 2 W S « S « E "i 3 ® fa fa Children. 37 CO 33 oo CJ 'J3 JJ d £ Ut 03 3 a PQ i-< CS s £ o3 C/3 ’3 o o •- CQ O cr> o 'S 3 O cr> OO JJ 3 G o »4 G 03 C/3 *• « > >» o>