itatcnwitt and 
 
 «■ 
 
 tal 
 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FOREIGN COMMITTEE, 
 
 CONTAINING 
 
 ij-/. llie Epiphany Appeal. 
 
 2d. List of Books, etc, on Foreign Missions. 
 
 yi. Societies of IVotnen auxiliary to the Board of Missions. 
 
 <» 
 
 4//0 Parish ALissionary Societies—a paper by Rev. f. E. Sampson, Vicar 
 of York, England. 
 
 ^th. Gleanings from the Missionary Field, being incidents and facts illus¬ 
 trative of the character and progress of the work of Foreign Missions. 
 
 N. B.—These papers are respectfully and earnestly commended to the attention of the Clergy. It is 
 particularly requested that the Rectors will bring this great work of the Church before the minds of their 
 Congregations by preaching upon it, by reading to them the Epiphany Appeal or extracts from it, or by 
 circulating it among them, as shall seem best. 
 
 Ilffo gorh: 
 
 Cushing, Bardua & Co, Printers and Stationers. 
 
 644 & 646 Broadway. 
 
 1871. 
 
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PPEAL 
 
 PIPHANY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE FOREIGN COMMITTEE. 
 
 1S72. 
 
 or 
 
 To the (Bishops^ the other Clergy^ and the Laity of the 
 Trotestant Episcopal Church, 
 
 T'atiiers and Brethren : 
 
 The fact that the contributions to the Foreign work were last 
 year $30,000 in excess of those given during the previous year, and 
 the remarkable spirit which prevailed at the General Convention and 
 the late Missionary meetings, tell of new life which a gracious 
 Saviour is pouring into his Church. It is with peculiar hope, there¬ 
 fore, that the Foreign Committee present to their brethren their 
 annual appeal. 
 
 OUR MISSIONARY STAFF. 
 
 Our Church has now forty-one representatives in the foreign 
 field. Of these, twenty-eight are males and thirteen are females; 
 twenty-live are ordained, and sixteen are unordained. Of these, 
 twenty of the ordained and all the unordained were born in Christian 
 lands, and five of the ordained are persons who have been redeemed 
 from heathenism and raised up upon the soil to preach the riches of 
 Christ. There are, besides those thus enumerated, a number of native 
 teachers and catechists in all our stations. 
 
 TERM OF SERVICE. 
 
 Four of our missionaries have been in the service of the Church 
 in foreign lands over twenty years, live over fifteen years, six ten 
 years or over, twelve four years or over, and the rest from one year 
 to four.* 
 
 * Bishop Payne, who has just resigned, began his work in Africa thirty-five years 
 ago; Dr. and Mrs. Hill, in Greece, forty years ago. 
 
‘i 
 
 Ol'R MISSIONS. 
 
 Our oldest mission is that in the city of Athens, in (freece. This 
 being a mission not to a heathen people, but to a venerable Church 
 fiillen into decay, has been one of a very peculiar nature. The 
 object has been, not to break down its time-honored institutions, but 
 to infuse into them an earnest, simple faith, enlightened ‘by the pure 
 Word of God. And it has been the hope of the friends of the 
 Mission that the presence of a clergyman of our Church, who should 
 be on friendlv terms with the Greek clersrv, and the dailv instruction 
 of srirls of that land in the Mission school, would contribute towards 
 the accomplishment of the desired end. 
 
 The event seems to prove that in this effort the Church has 
 
 been moving with the designs of Providence. For there has been 
 
 a great awakening in Greece latelv, and it has followed the two lines 
 
 <_ ** 
 
 on which our ^lission has been working, viz.: education, especially of 
 the young, and education not in things temporal alone, but in the 
 knowledge of the Word of God. In a land, where onlv a few vears 
 
 K' 
 
 ago education was alnfost entirelv neglected, there are now many 
 nourishing schools of high rank : and in a Church, where even the 
 ministers of religion were shamefullv ignorant of the Word of God, 
 numbers of priests have associated themselves for the study of that 
 W ord : and a preacher has been raised up mighty in the Scriptures, 
 and endued with remarkable power in presenting them in an impres¬ 
 sive manner to the people. 
 
 AFRICA. 
 
 Our work in Africa is on the West Coast. theEepublic of Liberia 
 being its base of operations. 
 
 Whether we consider this settlement as a colony which was 
 
 «/ 
 
 settled in Africa from our own shores, and largely under the auspices- 
 of our people : or as organized into a young Kepublic; or as an in- 
 stitnce of a wronged and inferior mce manfully struggling after 
 independence, and a home which they may call their ovm ; or as an 
 experiment at colonization, which, if successful, will be fraught with 
 inestimable blessings, directly to the colored race and indirectly to 
 our o^vn, the people of Liberia have claims upon us which are 
 altogether extraordinary. 
 
 When we look at them in another light, and remember that 
 these Africans, like the eunuch of old who was led all the war 
 
 v' 
 
 from Ethiopia to Jerusalem to worship, have been brought, in the 
 Providence of God, to this distant land—like Palestine, a centre of 
 
•) 
 
 religious liglit—and that it is left with ns to decide whetlier, re¬ 
 turned to Africa, they shall be bearers to its benighted people of the 
 story of tiie Lamb led to the slaughter; under these circumstances 
 their claims upon us seem without a ])aralleL 
 
 Little interested as the Church as a wliole has been in the work 
 in that land, a breach has been made in tlie solid phalanx of African 
 heathenism and wretchedness; and Liberia this day is an “open 
 door ” bv which the charity of the Church may reach yast masses 
 of natiye heathens, ddiey crowd around the colony on eyery side— 
 
 C f t 
 
 yea, pour into the yery colony itself They haye, moreover, begun 
 to ask for light. Writes one of oui’ missionaries : 
 
 “At the second town which I visited, an old man followed me a long distance 
 from town, importuning me in the most serious, solemn manner to send him a 
 teacher. The man’s earnestness startled me. ‘ But, my friend,’ I said, ‘ I have no 
 teacher to le.ave here. I am only traveling through the country.’ ‘ But,’ was his 
 reply, in very clear English, ‘ but your people promised me a school. I want my 
 children taught; and you ought to send a man here.’ And for a half-hour he kept 
 beside me step by step, urging his suit,” 
 
 II()\y IS THE Work to be Doxe ?—All experience in Missions 
 leads to the conyiction that teachers must be raised up on the 
 soil for this ])eople. And an earnest effort is now making to 
 this end in the Hoffman Institute, under the charge of our ad¬ 
 mirable ndssionary and teacher, Key, Mr. Auer. But a due supply 
 of Liberian natiye teachers and ministers has not yet been se¬ 
 cured. And the ])resent needs of the hundreds of thousands of 
 immortal souls who are now within reach from Liberia, and the work 
 now going on of forming an African Church for the future, demand 
 the immediate presence of the energy, enterjjrise, superior ciyilization 
 and mature Christianity of our, or some other, long Christianized race. 
 We haye howeyer now, alas! only one white clergyman on the 
 African coast. , Ihvo Christian women haye lately gone out there, one 
 of them after full experience during ffve years of the climate and the 
 work. Kejoicing at thoir arriyal, yet grieyed that none of tlie ordained 
 ministers of the Church conies to his help, the Key. Mr. Auer, our 
 only white clergyman in Africa, asks a questidn which the Foreign 
 Committee are at a loss to answer: “Must women go to the front 
 and men stay at home ? ’ 
 
 01 TIN A. 
 
 Here is a lield, which comprises within its limits such a multitude 
 of human beings, that, in the language of a recent writer, if we sup- 
 ])ose their land to be remoyed and its peo])le to be scattered over the 
 
6 
 
 rest of the world, every third person one would meet would be a' 
 Chinaman, and every third house a Chinese dwelling. 
 
 Its spiritual destitution is appalling. It is composed ^of eighteen 
 Provinces. In eleven of these Provinces, which contain on an aver¬ 
 age eighteen millions of people each, there is not a single missionary 
 of the Cross. China is, as is known, one of the most difficult fields 
 of missionary effort. But the opinion of those who are best qualified 
 to judge is, that the obstacles, like those which the great Apostle to 
 the heathen met in Corinth, are not reasons why the missionaries 
 should depart, but reasons why they should continue there. 
 
 Our Missions there seem to have enjoyed the evident favor of 
 Almighty Cod. The missionaries have been laboring with great 
 diligence; have borne with great patience the absence of facilities for 
 carrying on their work, which they had reason to expect that the 
 Church would provide; have made up what was lacking, so far as 
 they could, by contributions of their owip and are happy and hopeful 
 in their work. 
 
 There are many signs of growing vigor and increased develop¬ 
 ment in the little Christian Cliurch which has been gathered. In the 
 last three years the communicants have nearly trebled. They have- 
 inaugurated and are carrying on mission work of their own. They 
 have contributed, according to their ability, for the maintenance of 
 the Church hospital and the kitchen for providing rice for the poor,, 
 and for the purchase of furniture for one of the Chapels. Indeed, when 
 the number of converts and the average rate of wages is considered, 
 their contributions the last year were nearly double in value the aver¬ 
 age yearly offerings of the same number of communicants here in 
 this country ; and a general review of the work indicates that of 
 which the increasingly antagonistic attitude of the ruling classes is 
 significant, that a measure of success is attending the labors of 
 Christian missionaries which may well excite alarm in the friends of 
 paganism, and make the Christian glad. 
 
 Work to be Done.— The Committee are encouraged by the state 
 of feeling at home, and by the condition of the work in China, to- 
 strengthen and add to the appliances for carrying on the Mission work 
 already in operation in that land, and to enter into a new field (»f 
 labor there. 
 
 They propose to do the former by making more liberal provi¬ 
 sion for our schools, and especially by the purchase, or erection, of a 
 building for the Boarding School for boys in Shanghai, an Institution 
 which has been of such singular service in the Mission work in past 
 
i 
 
 years, and with which, our long-proved and valued Missionary, Miss 
 Fay, has for so many years been connected. '* 
 
 The neAv field which it is proposed to occupy is the city of 
 Soochow. It is within eighty miles of our chief Mission, that in 
 Shanghai, and easily reached from that point. Several walled towns 
 are on the direct road to it from Shanghai, and could be visited by 
 every one who passed between the two places; and as soon as a sufficient 
 number of native assistants could be raised up we could have a chain 
 of stations from Shanghai to Soochow. There is, also, a number ot 
 walled cities within easy reach by native boats, and Missionaries 
 stationed at Soochow could visit these places regularly, and take the 
 oversight of work done by native clergy or catechists. 
 
 “This is an opportunity” writes Bishop Williams, “for planting 
 the Gospel in the very heart of the most populous Province of China, 
 away from the influence of a seaport town, and the evil example ot 
 foreign sailors and others who come from distant lands, which we 
 ought by all means to embrace. It contains over a million of people, and 
 there are four other walled cities within a radius of twenty miles, and in 
 all that section of country there is not a single clergyman of our Church, 
 nor indeed a minister of any denomination. Only let any one fancy 
 himself living eighty miles from the City of NewYork, and knowing that 
 there was not a single minister of the Gospel to preach Christ and 
 Him crucified to its perishing thousands, and he will be able in some 
 measure to realize my position. Who, under such circumstances, 
 could help from crying out, ‘Men and brethren, help!’” Fortin's 
 work Bishop Williams calls for three, at the least two, missionaries, 
 “ good men and true, thoroughly imbued with the spirit of their 
 Master, earnest, persevering, willing to endure hardness and deny 
 themselves ; filled with love to Christ and the priceless souls for which 
 lie died.” 
 
 The Foreign Committee are prepared to accept the services of 
 men qualified for this enterprise, and they earnestly invoke the atten¬ 
 tion to it of the clergy and candidates for holy orders, and the prayers 
 of thfe whole church, so that a spirit may exist among us out of which 
 suitable men may be produced for this interesting field. 
 
 HAITI. 
 
 • 
 
 This field seems to have peculiar claims upon our charity, because 
 of its proximity to our shores. The more intelligent part of the 
 population are disgusted with Romanism, which has been dominant 
 there; and the presence of our Church is received with great favor. 
 
8 
 
 f 
 
 IHie Mission seems to have been carried on with a good degree of 
 energy daring the ])ast year; and, while the chief parish—that at 
 Port-au-Prince—has lost somewhat in numbers, owing to emigrants 
 from Jamaica and St. ddiomas returning to their homes, discouraged 
 by the hard times and by the recent political disturbances in Haiti, 
 the Mission has made decided advance in the good opinion of the 
 people. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 All this work is earnestly commended to the increased interest 
 and liberality of the Church. 
 
 It is no foundling, but the legitimate offspring of the Church. 
 Natural affection demands that it sliould be cherished. 
 
 If we were without it, where should we point the inquirer for 
 our marks of an Apostolic Church, when he asked us to show our 
 apostleship of the uncircumcision ? ” 
 
 The enterprise is worthy. A self-sacrifice, a courage and an in¬ 
 domitable perseverance have been shown by our Missionaries in its pro¬ 
 secution, which have rarely been excelled, and constitute one of the 
 hopeful signs of the Church in these days of ease-loving Christianity. 
 
 As to the argument used most commonly against work abroad, 
 suffice it to say that if it were valid, no foreign work would have ever 
 been undertaken in any age or by any Church, for when did the 
 Church, of any age or nation, begin a foreign missionary work when 
 it was not true that “ there was plenty of work for that Church to 
 do at home? ” 
 
 Far from hindering work at home, a deep spirit of foreign 
 missions is the fertile soil in which all domestic enterprises best 
 nourish. The history shows that it was in an awakening to the duty 
 of foreign missions that our own domestic missionary work sprang into 
 being. History shows that the years of the greatest efforts in the 
 English Church in behalf of work abroad have been the vears of great- 
 est growth at home. It is almost a truism that whatever is raised for 
 the foreign work is clear gain to it and to its hapjiy givers, and no loss 
 whatever to domestic work. 
 
 Therefore let every heart throw open wide its doors, and bid 
 Christ’s charity, with all its ungrudging, generous, world-wide syrn- 
 ])athies come in. Let us act out in our deeds what we say with our 
 lips, “Thy kingdom come!” “We humbly beseech Thee for all 
 sorts and conditions of men, that Thou wonkiest be pleased to make 
 'riiy ways .known unto them, Thy saving health among all nations." 
 
 t. t / C; O 
 
9 
 
 And may the record of our whole Cliurch be as honorable the 
 coming year as was that of some portions of it in tlie year that ’has 
 ])assed ; for olferings for the China Mission were received from each 
 of the Missionaries and the Mission Clini’cli in Haiti; for general 
 Foreign work, from the parish in Salt Lake City, from several of the 
 churches in Oregon, from the American Fpiscopal Cha})el in Koine, 
 Italy; from Honolulu, in behalf of Miss Baldwin’s school for 
 Arab boys, in datfa, Syria ; from the Arab boys of Miss Baldwin’s 
 school, in Jafta, Syria, for the benefit of the African boys at Toto- 
 korie Station, Condo tribe, AVest Africa ; and, lastly, for the general 
 Foreign work from the Cliristian Indians at AVhite Farth Keservation. 
 
 On behalf of the Foeenjn (Joiininlf<^f\ 
 
 WILLIAM H. HAKF, 
 
 Secretarjf and (reneral AfjenL 
 
 28 Bible House, N. ) ., December, 1871. 
 
 m 
 
 ¥ 
 
 
 (Eoinmittec for JTorcign ilUsoious. 
 
 ' Kight Kev. HOKATIO POTTER, D.I)., LL.D., Chairman. 
 
 Rev. John Cotton Smith, D.D. Stewart BKO^\■N, Es(p 
 Rev. M. a. De Wolfe Howe, D.I). I^ewis Curtis, Esq. 
 
 Rev. H. Dyer, D.D. Lemuel Coffin, Esq. 
 
 Rev. Ben.j. I. Haight, D.D. Frederick S. Winston, Esq. 
 
 Rev. AMilliam H. Hare. James S. Aspin^vall, Esq. 
 
 Rev. William H. Hare, Sec. and Gend Agt, No. 23 Bible House, N. Y. 
 Rev. S. D. Denison, Honorary’Secretary, No. 23 Bible House, N. Y. 
 James S. Aspinwall, Esq., Treasurer, No. 86 William street, N. Y. 
 
 Stated meetings—Third Monday of each Month. 
 
10 
 
 Extract from the proceedings of the Board of Missions, October,. 
 1871. 
 
 “ The Secretary and General Agent of the Foreign Committee ex¬ 
 plained the various items in the Financial Statement in the Report of 
 the Foreign Committee ; when it was : 
 
 On Motion of the Rev. B. H. Paddock, .D.D., 
 
 Resolved^ Tliat the Board has listened with interest and pleasure- 
 to the voluntarily proffered and minute explanation on the part of its 
 Foreign Secretary and General Agent, of the disbursements of its 
 funds during the last year; and it desires to assure the Church at 
 large of its entire confidence in the wisdom that has guided the 
 Foreign Committee in the matter of its necessary expenses.’’ 
 
BOOKS, &c., ON FOREIGN MISSIONS. 
 
 In answer to frequent inquiries, the following are recommended. To he had 
 
 of Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co., 713 Broadway, New York, and of Mr. Whitaker, 
 
 No. 3 Bible House, New York. 
 
 l?ROM Pole to Pole.— A hand-book of Christian Missions, for the use of Ministers, 
 Teachers, and others. By Joseph Hassell, Associate of King’s College, Lon¬ 
 don, one of the masters of the Home and Colonial Schools. Price, $1.75. 
 
 Pioneers and Founders ; or, Recent Workers in the Mission Field.— By Miss 
 Yonge. Price, $1.75. \ 
 
 Work in the Colonies. —Some account of the Missionary operations of the 
 Church of England in connection with the Society for the Propagation of the 
 Gospel in Foreign Parts. Price, $2.00. 
 
 Church Missionary Atlas. —A most valuable work. Price, 1.50. 
 
 China and the Chinese. — A general description of the country and its inhabi¬ 
 tants ; its civilization and form of government its religious and social institu¬ 
 tions ; its intercourse with other nations; and its present conditions and 
 prospects. By the Rev. John L. Nevius, ten years a Missionary in China. 
 Price, $1.75. 
 
 Mission Life.— Being an English Illustrated Monthly, for one year, bound up in 
 one volume. An admirable publication. Price $2.00. 
 
 Illustrated Missionary News.—A paper of the size and general appearance of 
 Harper’s Weekly. Price $1.00. 
 
 The following are to be had of the Secretary and General Agent, 23 Bible House, 
 
 New York. 
 
 A History of the Foreign Missionary Work of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. AYith photographs of Bishops White, Griswold, Brownell, Kemper, 
 and A. Potter, and Rev. Dr. Bedell. In two parts. By the Rev. S. D. Denison, 
 D.D., lion. Secretary. Part I is the Jubilee Volume, and is not confined 
 exclusively to Foreign Missions, but embraces all that is of a general character 
 in the Proceedings, Addresses, Measures adopted, &c. 
 
 Large and New Map of Liberia, 4 ft. by 5, showing the scene of our Mission* 
 Price, $1.50. 
 
 Diagram, showing religious condition of the world. 4 ft. by 3. Price, 25 cents. 
 
 Mrs. IIening’s History of the African Mission. —A few copies left. Price^ 
 $1.25. 
 
9 
 
 \ 
 
 ©AY ©AWN IN Africa ; or, Progress of the Protestant Episcopal Mission at Cape 
 Palmas. Price, $1.25. 
 
 West African Record. —Formerly known as “ The Cavalla Messenger.” It is a 
 religious newspaper, published in connection with our Mission upon the West 
 Coast. The printing office is in one of the rooms of the Hoffman Institute 
 Building, and th^ type is set up and the paper worked off' by the young 
 Africans whom Rev. Mr. Auer is raising up for ministers, catechists, teachers, 
 ifec., in that excellent institution. Published monthly at Cavalla, Cape Palmas, 
 Price, $1 a year, payable in advance. 
 
 The Spirit of Missions. —A monthly Magazine of Home and Foreign Missionary 
 Literature and News. Terms, $1.50 per annum. 
 
 Home and Abroad. — Published on the fifteenth of each month. Terms: One 
 hundred copies, $10 per annum. Less than ten copies, 25 cts. each per annum. 
 
 The Carrier Dove.— A monthly paper of the Foreign Committee; for the Young. 
 Besides Letters for the Children, written by our own Missionaries, the editor 
 aims to give in this paper the most interesting Stories which can be had on 
 Missionary and other Christian topics. Four beautiful Engravings are given 
 in each number. Specimen copies sent free on application. Terms: Eight 
 •copies to one address, $1 a year; a single copy, 25 cents a year. 
 
 0 
 
 
 t 
 
 V 
 
Societies of Women Auxiliary to the Board of Missions. 
 
 Tlie women of the Clinrcli were, in tlie early clays of our Mis¬ 
 sionary work, among the most earnest helpers in the cause; and there 
 were organized auxiliary societies of women in many of our parishes, 
 as appears in the History of the Foreign Missionaiw work, which has 
 lately been prepared by the Rev. S. D. Denison, D.D. Why these 
 auxiliary societies, to the value of which the Reports of the Board 
 bore frecpient witness, passed out of existence we cannot tell. Per- 
 lia])S they succumbed to the general languor in the Missionary enter¬ 
 prise, which there has been reason at times to bewail. But whatever 
 may have been the cause of their disbanding, this is surely the day 
 for their re-organization. 
 
 Women have organized in behalf of the Missionary work in other 
 bodies of Christians, and are doing most effective service; for, not to 
 speak of their influence in behalf of the work in their homes, and the 
 power of their intercessions, their direct help in a pecuniary way has 
 been very considerable, as the following report of contributions for the 
 past year shows: 
 
 Women’s Union Missionary Society 
 Women’s Board of Missions, Congregational Church 
 W omen’s Foreign Missionary Society of the M. E. 
 
 Church - ------ 
 
 Women’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Baptist 
 Church -------- 
 
 Women’s Foreign Missionary Society of the Pres¬ 
 byterian Church. 
 
 $4:4,857 
 
 24,459 
 
 22,398 
 
 4,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 $110,714 
 
 We have no need to speak a wmrd of exhortation to the women 
 of our Church on the subject of personal service in the held. The 
 Foreign Committee have never failed to And among them those who 
 were ready to volunteer to leave their homes and labor for Christ. 
 There are now fifteen of them in our various Foreign Missions. 
 From the first these Female Missionaries have showed a courage 
 in undertaking, and a steadfastness in carrying on the Church’s work 
 
the lieathen, the record of wliich makes one of the brightest 
 pages in onr annals. What was written of one, lias been true of 
 many others—“ She departed for Africa, conscious that though she 
 might go out cheered by the smiles of friends and encouraged by the 
 approbation of the Churches, she would yet soon amidst a people 
 of strange speech see those smiles only in remembrance, and hear 
 the voice of encouragement only in dying whispers across the ocean.” 
 Her term of service was soon cut short, but her dying declaration 
 was: ‘‘ I have the assurance that I have been directed by the Lord. 
 I could have wished to live longer that I might do more for this de¬ 
 graded people, but the will of the Lord be done.” Only lately four 
 or live women of our Church have departed for their respective fields 
 of labor. 
 
 Now, when these have cheerfully left their homes to labor for 
 Christ, shall not those who do not leave their homes, have the work 
 of their absent sisters on their hearts and sustain it with their prayers 
 and efforts? The question put by Moses and so earnestly applied by 
 Bishop Kerfootin his recent sermon before the Board of Missions, may 
 certainly be quoted with pertinency in this connection : “ Shall your 
 brethren go to war and shall ye sit here ?” We are sure that the hearts 
 of most of the women of the Church are friendly to this work, and that 
 where they are not, all that is needed to make them friendly is informa¬ 
 tion of its character and needs. What we fear, however, is that from tim¬ 
 idity or indisposition to take the lead, the friendly, feeling will remain 
 J-'eding^ nothing more. What we need is action. We want an 
 organized society in every Church, with the object so well stated in 
 the Constitution adopted by a society of women lately formed in one 
 of our parishes : 
 
 1st. To awaken throughout the parish, a deeper, more permanent, 
 and more general interest in the work of Missions, both foreign and 
 domestic; and, 
 
 2d. To show to our Missionaries in the field that they have those 
 at home who work, pray, and sympathize with them'and who testify 
 this sympathy by practical aid. 
 
 We beg those wlio are indisposed to action to consider, 
 
 1st. That sisters in Christ and in the Church are enduring isola¬ 
 tion and disease, in foreign lands, and patiently toiling amid much 
 discouragement and sadness of heart to lift up to Christ the souls 
 which He came to save. 
 
 2d. That God has manifestly designed woman, by her tempera¬ 
 ment and her sphere of action, to be a centre and fountain of religious 
 
3 
 
 life, and has endowed ^ler with an aptitude for ditfusing interest in 
 religious enterprise wliich lias been proved in all ages of the Church. 
 
 3rd. That woman in heathen lands has as strong religious instincts 
 as women have with us; that, wanting the truth, she feeds her relig¬ 
 ious affections on the delusions of idolatry, spending her money on 
 that which is not bread, and her labor for that which satisfieth not.’’ 
 
 4th. That women are mothers in heathen lands as well as here; 
 that as such they are the most potent educators, and that they are as 
 pains-taking in teaching their children to worship idols as Christian 
 mothers are in teaching their little ones to say, “ Our Father who 
 art in Heaven.” 
 
 5th. That there are 300,000,000 of tliese heathen women who are 
 this day passing on their hard way towards the grave. ‘‘ Suppose,” 
 says a writer in The Heathen Women’s Friend “that these millions 
 of degraded women were to rise up and pass in review before us, their 
 Christian sisters, marching so that we could count sixty persons each 
 minute. They pass by us at this rate all the day for twelve long hours, 
 and we find that 43,200 have passed us. Again the second day the 
 procession moves on, and day after day until the twenty-fourth day 
 we find that one million have been counted. Thus these women move 
 in their fearful darkness, bearing on their bodies and in their counte¬ 
 nances marks of their degradation and misery. Da 3 ^s grow to months, 
 and months to years, still the procession moves on. She who started 
 as a pretty, innocent, little girl, has grown to womanhood, yet with all 
 that is lovely, noble, and pure in her nature crushed out in her growth. 
 For twenty long years we must stand and count ere we number the 
 last of this sorrowful procession of 300,000,000 heathen women, whom 
 Satan hath bound in such galling chains ‘ lo, these many years.’ 
 
 “ While this procession is imaginar^^, the numbers and conditions 
 that it shows are awful facts that should move our hearts and hands 
 to worthy deeds for the redemption of these lost ones. Will Christian 
 women continue to spend so much time, talent and money to adorn 
 their dying bodies, and leave these immortal souls uncared for ? 
 
 “ Let us view these millions in 3 ^et another aspect. Behold them as 
 they pass away from this world, beyond the reach of our aid, into that 
 future which has always been so dark and dreadful to them. How 
 rapidly the procession moves on, resting not day nor night, for death 
 knows no rest. In one hour^ eight hundred pass through death’s door 
 and enter that, to them, dark future. Their heathen friends are seen 
 burning lights on their sacred streams, or on their graves, to try to 
 remove a little of the gloom and terror that rests upon tlieir souls. 
 
but ]i()W liopeless the task ! Twenty thousand, heathen women^ with 
 all their sin, with all their fear of death and their dread of the future, 
 pass into eternity on an average every da}". It is indeed a fearful 
 sight. But is it not almost as melancholy a sight to see Christian 
 women carelessly sleeping the while, instead of putting forth stren¬ 
 uous eflorts to save them ? 
 
 The whole subject of woman’s duty in this matter was under dis¬ 
 cussion at the recent meeting of the (General Convention and the Board 
 of Missions, and definite action taken whicli will be found presented^ 
 together with plans for the carrying it into effect, on the last pages- 
 of the January hlo. of the Spirit of Missions, where, we are glad to an¬ 
 nounce, our readers will hereafter always find pages devoted to wo- 
 man’s part in our great missionary work. Better still is the announce¬ 
 ment which we are able to make, that the recommendations of the 
 Board have in at least two parishes been put into operation. Female 
 Auxiliary Societies have been organized in St. Peter’s Church, Bal¬ 
 timore, Bev. J. E. Grammer. Hector, and in Christ Church, Rye,. 
 Rev. Reese F. Alsop, Rector. 
 
 On hehaJf of the Foreign Committee^ 
 
 WILLIAM II. HARE, 
 
 Sec. and Gen. Agt. of the Foreign Committee. 
 
 23 Bible House, Hew York. 
 
Parish Missionary Societies—An Effectual Method. 
 
 'r 
 
 The parisli of St. Thomas, at York, England, is composed almost 
 entirely of people in an hnmble class of life, and yet the contributions 
 of the parish to Foreign Missions are over one thousand dollars a 
 year, while at the same time a liberal support is given to Home Mis¬ 
 sions and local objects. This is owing not only to the lively interest 
 in Missions on the part of the Eev. J. E. Sampson, the Yicar, but also 
 to systematic parochial organization for the purpose of promoting the 
 cause. At a recent conference of Association Secretaries of the 
 Church Missionary Society, Mr. Sampson was requested to read a 
 paper on the formation and operation of the very efficient Parochial 
 M issionary Association of St. Thomas’Church. We have not the 
 sjiace to present the paper in extenso^ but we will endeavor to give its 
 more important statements, in the hope that some of our own clergy 
 who are desirous that their parishes should do more for Missions, may 
 obtain therefrom some useful hints and suggestions. 
 
 A MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION SHOULD BE FORMED. 
 
 The evangelization of the heathen world is the grandest, the most 
 solemn and costly of all Christian works, and it should ever maintain 
 a commanding, though not an overshadowing, position in the parish. 
 The orthodox Annual Sermon, though good, and to be continued, is 
 not sufficient for this; something else is needed, and experience in 
 our case has proved that the most effectual of all methods is the 
 formation of a Parochial Missionary Association. It is not desirable 
 to combine other objects or agencies, such as Home Missions or local 
 charities, with this. It should be kept quite distinct 
 
 Neither should it be merely an informal effort on the part of a 
 few. A public meeting should be called, at which resolutions should 
 be agreed to, forming the Association and pledging the meeting, and 
 the parish as represented by the meeting, to recognize and sustain it 
 At our first meeting two resolutions were passed—the one recognizing 
 the duty and privilege of preaching the Gospel to every creature, and 
 the other, that every parishioner should be called upon and invited to 
 subscribe. Whether the Association should have its lay President, 
 or other officers, depends very much upon local circumstances. In 
 
 1 * 
 
most cases the entire work must be directed by the clergyman, who 
 should make it a matter of conscience to conduct it with the same 
 business-like vigilance which a principal exercises in directing the 
 affairs of an important branch of a mercantile establishment. There 
 is no reason why MissiQuary work, vitalized as it is by faith, and love 
 and hope, should not be conducted with as much method and punctu¬ 
 ality as mercantile. That a clergyman or a collector is a voluntary 
 worker in this special field of labor is no reason why he should not 
 do his work diligently and faithfully. Rather, because his work is 
 done directly for God, he should be “not slothful in business, fervent 
 in spirit, serving the Lord.” 
 
 MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Then the Association having been formed, it should have its meet¬ 
 ings. How frequently tliese should be held depends again on local 
 circumstances. But where a parish is thoroughly worked, and kept 
 awake in other respects, a multiplication of meetings tends to defeat 
 the object of all. The attendance of a Missionary at these meetings 
 is a great help, especially with non-reading people. They have seen 
 the man who has seen the work. At the Annual Meeting, a succinct 
 statement should be given of the year’s work in the parish, without 
 going too much into details, especially when an annual report is 
 printed. Of course there should he a collection. 
 
 THE CHIEF WORK OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The chief work of the Association is to obtain regular subscrip¬ 
 tions. The number of subscribers in an association is a far truer criterion 
 of interest than the amount of subscription. The latter may be aug¬ 
 mented largely by one or two wealthy contributors. But every sub¬ 
 scriber represents a living soul; and a shilling subscription may 
 represent a heart full of love to Christ, which cannot be gauged by 
 money. 
 
 To obtain these subscriptions the parish should be divided into 
 districts of from fifty to one hundred families, and a collector ap¬ 
 pointed, holding herself responsible for giving every person in that 
 district an invitation to subscribe. The collectors should be godly 
 persons, constant communicants, who maintain a Christian consist¬ 
 ency in their lives, their amusements, and their dress. 
 
 One very important element of the success which God has vouchsafed 
 in my own parish^ has been the use of a Canvass Paper. The idea arose 
 from the practice of business houses. The firm send out their “ ad- 
 vdce letters,” announcing to their customers in the country that their 
 
o 
 
 representative will call upon them at such a time. The tradesman is 
 then ready with his cash and his order when the traveler calls. In 
 like manner the parishioner, having received and read the canvass 
 paper, is prepared with yea or nay when the collector calls. Thus 
 much time is saved, and there is no room for that very frequent 
 answer, “We will think about it.” In my own case the parish is 
 canvassed thoroughly every alternate year, a clause being always 
 inserted pleading our anxiety that no parishioner should be over¬ 
 looked, as an apology for apparent importunity. 
 
 MISSIONARY BOXES. 
 
 Another branch of the Association is the issuing of hoooes. These 
 are most useful, but care must be taken lest the box be looked upon 
 rather as a child’s thing, and so Missionary work come to be consid¬ 
 ered as children’s work. 
 
 SALES OF WORK. 
 
 Again the Parochial Association opens a new field for the 
 encouragement of sales of work. There is, of course, a working 
 party. In a town Association, embracing many parishes, such 
 parties are necessarily select; but a parish Association reaches all 
 classes. It seeks out the smaller contributions. The poor widow is 
 not afraid of bringing her small parcel of knitting; the children bring 
 their little offerings; the men have also their contributions. We 
 have had handsome turned banner-screen holders and candlesticksj 
 bookstands, paper knives, toys, carpentry of various kinds, illumi¬ 
 nated texts, &c. It is a great thing to draw in the men. I have at 
 this moment a dozen children’s carts and wheelbarrows in my house, 
 made by a joiner in his evenings, and waiting to be gratuitously 
 adorned by our parish painter with the orthodox red and blue. 
 
 From these sales all that is frivolous is discarded. There is no 
 raffling nor unfair dealing. They open and close with prayer and 
 thanksgiving. I find them very helpful in my ministry. In a town 
 congregation there are always many whom the clergyman finds it im¬ 
 possible to know. These generally appear at the sale, and become 
 known to him; and the interest which the sales have awakened in 
 the work of God is no light blessing in the parish. 
 
 CHRISTMAS CAROL SINGING. 
 
 The young men of our Bible classes have adopted another way 
 of advancing the cause. It is the custom in Yorkshire to form parties 
 of singers, who go forth in the early morning of Christmas Day. A 
 
4 
 
 oiroular is previously sent and called for to ask permission, and when 
 this is granted the hymn is sung, and the Christmas gift is called for 
 afterwards. This is usually devoted to a supper, but our young men 
 give it to the Missionary work. They meet at the Vicarage at half¬ 
 past eleven on Christmas Eve for coffee and cake, and arrangements 
 are made for further supplies of like refreshments elsewhere at three 
 and six o’clock. All this is conducted with the utmost seriousness, 
 and with prayer for God’s blessing and protection. 
 
 CONCLUDING EEMARKS, 
 
 In concluding his paper, Mr. Sampson says : “ Though I am far 
 from maintaining that the same method will produce the same results 
 in all places, I am persuaded that the effort will generally be attended 
 with a blessing where the clergyman himself is seeking to be a bless¬ 
 ing. There seems to be a greater interest in all good works in pro¬ 
 portion as men’s hearts are interested in this greatest and best of alL ” 
 
 
GLEANINGS FROM THE P'OREIGN MISSIONARY FIELD. 
 
 These gleanings have been gathered in the hope that they will be 
 of service to the clergy in presenting the work of our church in foreign 
 lands to their congregations. They are printed only on one side, that 
 the scissors may be used without injury to the text. They are sent 
 only to the clergy. Additional copies may be had by applying to 
 
 Rev. WILLIAM H. HARE, 
 
 23 Bible House^ New Yorh. 
 
 Interesting Instances of the Beneficent Results of Foreign 
 
 Missionary Work. 
 
 Change effected at Cavalla.— Connected with our own Mission 
 in Africa, there are two Christian villages, one at Cavalla, the other 
 at Hoffman station. The dwellers in these villages are converted 
 natives^ wdio are properly clothed, and who dwell in houses which 
 form a considerable contrast to the native huts. “ The contrast,” says 
 one of our missionaries, “ is very great between the heathen towns and 
 the Christian villages. There^ murder and revenge rule, the devil is 
 served, and not God. Here^ peace, godliness and industry prevail, 
 Sunday is observed, and if you make a visit on Saturday, you will 
 find all very busy making preparation for the Lord’s day—the floors 
 of their houses nicely swept, the wood neatly piled, the dishes and 
 utensils for cooking hung around the walls, the rice needed for the 
 next day beaten and laid by, the palm-nuts gathered, and no work left 
 for Sunday.” 
 
 General Effects. —One of our Missionaries writes of the Dey 
 and Vey countries: ‘‘Both the name and the mission of the Lord 
 Jesus Christ are known by numbers of persons all through tliis 
 country. Yast numbers of the heathen recognize with distinctness 
 the difference between paganism and the Christian faith. All the 
 more sanguinary and grosser forms of paganism have already disap. 
 peared in the tribes bordering on Liberia, so that the traders declare 
 that to And them it is necessarv to go far into the interior.” 
 
 %j o 
 
2 
 
 What has been accomplished in ouk African Mission. —Begun 
 in 1835, this mission has struggled on througli thirty-six years of 
 almost unparelleled difficulties. These years, however, have been 
 fruittul of blessed results. The special characteristics and wants of 
 the field, as well as its special dangers and the best means of meeting 
 them, have been learned. The Mission has been doing not a little to 
 educate and mould an interesting colony, which, landed upon a coast 
 buried in a perfect night of moral and spiritual darkness, was in dan¬ 
 ger of being exterminated or absorbed by the countless multitude 
 of barbarians of their own race and color by whom the colonists were 
 surrounded, but which is now the hope of Africa. The Church has 
 been planted there. Congregations have been gathered and organized. 
 Churches have been built. A beginning has been made in raising up 
 both a Liberian and a Native ministry. Schools for adding to the ranks 
 of this indigenous ministry are in successful operation. The faith once 
 delivered to the Saints as taught in the Scriptures, and explained and 
 embodied in the Creeds and Liturgy of the Church, has been translated 
 into the Grebo tongue. The fundamental truths of Christianity have 
 been widely disseminated, and enough of their infiuence felt to shake 
 the foundation of heathenism even where the Church is in nowise 
 established. 
 
 Desire for Improvement Awakened by the Presence of the 
 Gospel.— The presence of Christianity in Liberia, has so awakened the 
 native tribes to a sense of their physical and mental moral wretched¬ 
 ness, that they plead for the blessings which they at first combined to 
 drive from their shores. The kings and headmen send their sons from 
 considerable distances to our Christian schools, begging that they may 
 be taught. Deputations come in from the interior asking that God- 
 men (as they style the Missionaries) may be sent to teach their people. 
 Igdeed, to secure for themselves the advantages with which they 
 know Cliristian civilization has blessed the Liberians, is a perfect pas¬ 
 sion with many of the natives. The late Pev. J. K Wilcox, of Bassa, 
 in describing one of his tours, wrote: Met King Freeman, of New- 
 
 Cess country, this afternoon. He assured me that if I would open a 
 school in his town that lie would build the school-house himself.’’ 
 
 The Rev. Alex. Crummell, wwites: “ The truth has not pene¬ 
 
 trated deep ; it has mainly suggested intellectual desire; for every¬ 
 where the demand was for schools and school-masters. At the second 
 town which I visited, an old man followed me a long distance from 
 town, importuning me in the most serious, solemn manner to send him 
 a teacher. The man’s earnestness startled me. ‘ But, my friend,’ I 
 
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 said, ‘ I have no teacher to leave here. 1 am only traveling through 
 the country.’ ‘ But,’ was his reply, in very clear English, ‘ but your 
 people promised me a school. I want my children taught; and you 
 oui^ht to send a man here.’ And for a half-hour he kept beside me 
 step by step, urging his suit.” 
 
 Of an interview with the celebrated Bomba, one of the kings, he 
 he writes: “ After dinner we at once had our ‘ palaver;’ first 
 
 about the Oospel, next about schools. Without entering into de¬ 
 tails, I will give the sum of the conversation in the ipsissima verba 
 of the king, ‘ Ah, Mr. Crummell, I am too old for these things ; but 
 look at these children ; take them all; put them in your schools, and 
 train them as you please. I will build you a school, and a house for 
 your Missionary, and give as much land as you please.” 
 
 Testimony of a Scotch Seaman— A seaman, on returning home 
 to Scotland, after a cruise in the Pacific, was asked, ‘‘ Do you think the 
 Missionaries have done any good in the South Sea Islands?” I will 
 tell you a fact which speaks for itself,” said the sailor. Last year I 
 was wrecked on one of those islands, where I knew that, eight years 
 before, a ship was wrecked and the crew murdered; and you may 
 judge how I felt at the prospect before me; if not dashed to pieces on 
 the rocks, to survive for only a more cruel death. When day broke 
 we saw a number of canoes pulling for our ship, and we were pre¬ 
 pared for the worst. Think of our joy and wonder when we saw the 
 natives in English dress, and heard some of them speak in the English 
 language. On that very island the next Sunday we heard the 
 Gospel ^preached. I do not know what you think of Missions, but . 
 I know what I do.” 
 
 Massacres Prevented—Trade and Civilized Arts Increasing-.— 
 Formerly, the west coast of Africa was quite unsafe for trading vessels, 
 and ‘the massacre of those on board of them was not an infrequent 
 occurrence. About twenty years ago, the natives ot a part of the coast 
 which IS now included in Liberia, killed all the persons on board a foreign 
 vessel except a boy who hid himself in the hold. When this boy was 
 compelled to come forth from his hiding place and go ashore, some of 
 the natives wdio had visited our Mission Station at Oavalla, took pity on 
 him, and through their efforts his life was spared, and he was directed 
 how to find our Missionaries. He was of course kindly received by 
 the latter, and was by them instructed in the truths of our holy re¬ 
 ligion. He became an earnest Christian, then a candidate for orders, 
 and then a preacher of the Gospel to those very natives who had killed 
 all his fellow voyagers. Massacres similar to the above took place on 
 
4 
 
 / 
 
 many parts of the African coast. They were often occasioned, it is 
 true, by wrongs inflicted on the natives by foreign slave-traders and 
 others; but wherever Missionary labors have extended, these retalia¬ 
 tions do not take place, and the establishment of Missions has proved 
 to be a most effectual method of putting an end to the slave trade 
 itself, and of greatly extending honorable commerce on the African 
 coast. 
 
 The venerable Robert Moffatt has been some time past at the in¬ 
 terior station of Kururnan, Africa, and in an address since his return 
 home, he said : 
 
 It was not very long since it was considered a most dangerous 
 experiment to travel in the interior; in fact, it was not safe to go 
 half-a-dozen miles from the Mission station. Now he was happy to 
 say, through the influence of the Missionaries the natives had been so 
 far brought into a state of civilization that they could be depended 
 upon, and it was now quite common for traders and others to travel 
 through the very midst of the natives, without the least fear of being 
 plundered or interrupted. It would be remembered that in former 
 times traders were often basely murdered by the natives, and people 
 who went into their midst were not permitted to return; but now all 
 fears had been dispelled. Formerly, the natives would not buy of 
 the traders, not so much as a pocket-handkerchief, unless, perhaps, a 
 few beads or trinkets. Now, seventy thousand pounds worth of 
 British manufactures pass 3 ^early into the hands of the native tribes 
 near and about Kururnan. Again, there was a time in our station 
 wdien 'there was but a solitary plough, and that was the Missionary 
 plough, a Dutch one, and a very clumsy thing to boot. Now the 
 natives have their ploughs by hundreds. There was a time when the 
 man, the lord of creation, would select for himself such a choice work as' 
 sitting under the shadow of a tree, while his wife worked in a fleld 
 from morning to night with a heavy pick. Now she has the comfort 
 of seeing him plough his fleld. Now the very people who formerly 
 would beat any Northerner in taking care of his bawbees, show a 
 wonderful liberality. 
 
 Kindness to the Crew of the “ All Serene.”— Two years 
 ago, the ship “ All Serene,” while on a voyage from Vancouver’s Island 
 to Sydney, was capsized when about four hundred miles from the Fiji 
 group. The crew constructed a rude punt from portions of the wreck. 
 In this they were exposed to fearful hardships for seventeen days 
 hunger and thirst producing madness, and causing the death of thirteen 
 of their number. Finally, the punt drifted ashore upon Kandava, the 
 

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southernmost island of the Fiji group, aud the eighteen survivors just 
 managed to crawl over the sharp coral reefs, anticipating a still more 
 dreadful end to their sufferings, under the idea that they had arrived 
 among cannibals. The natives of Kandava, however, on this occasion 
 testified in a marked manner the great change that has been wrought 
 among them by the introduction of Christianity. They assisted and 
 carried these poor men to their houses, fed and nursed them, and 
 washed and dressed their wounds. A, day or two afterward, two 
 Missionaries, resident at Kandava, took charge of the sufferers. The 
 Kev. James Calvert, of Fiji, remarking upon this event, at a meeting 
 in London, said: When we bear in mind that the invariable custom 
 of the Fiji Islanders was to eat the bodies of those who happened to be 
 shipwrecked on their shores, whether white or black, though I believe 
 they do not like the taste of a white man so well as they do that of a pure 
 native, I think you will admit that this circumstance is of great sig¬ 
 nificance. Had one hundred white men landed on those shores ten or 
 fifteen years ago, every one of them would to a certainty have been 
 killed and cooked.” 
 
 Wreck of the Ophelia. —More recently still, the Ophelia, a 
 German vessel from China, was wrecked on the island of Atahn. The 
 vessel became a complete wreck, but the crew were saved ; they were 
 of course entirely in the power of the natives, and indeed, to a great 
 extent, dependent upon them for subsistence. The natives received 
 the shipwrecked strangers to their homes, and for eight or nine months, 
 during which they were detained on the island, they shared with them 
 whatever they possessed, helped them to save what could be saved from 
 the wreck, and lent all the assistance in their power to building a 
 vessel in which to get to Samoa. 
 
 -- 
 
 Interesting Incidents in onr Missionary Field. 
 
 Thanksgiving Day in our Mission in Africa. —Thanksgiving 
 is always a season of rejoicing at our Mission stations, the native 
 Christians, old and young, having been taught to offer thanksgiving 
 to God for the fruits of the earth, and all the other blessings of His 
 merciful providence. 
 
 Early on the morning of the appointed day the contributions 
 begin to flow in. The little boys bring a fowl, a few cassavas, small 
 bunches of rice, or a pocket-handkerchief. Then come the school¬ 
 girls, with similar offerings. Is ext, the Christian natives bring a few 
 
yards of cloth, palm-nuts, or rice, according to their ability. On one 
 occasion one of the native teachers gave a whole month’s salary. On 
 another day, from the Mission garden was sent a fine lot of fruit and 
 vegetables, such as guavas, cocoa-nuts, bananas and pineapples; to- 
 matos, radishes, &c. 
 
 These offerings are generally brought to the native chapel; each 
 as he enters places his gift on a table; an appropriate sermon is then 
 preached and, after the morning services are concluded, the children 
 of the Sunday and day-schools are formed in a procession, carrying 
 suitable banners. They march through the town to some favorite 
 spot, where they halt and are refreshed with cake and lemonade. 
 Gift books and rewards of merit are then distributed to the children, 
 and the performances are closed with short addresses and prayer. 
 
 The whole scene is pleasing and peculiarly refreshing in a heathen 
 land. The boys frequently bear in their hands branches of palm 
 trees, and the girls flowers from the oleander trees, and pure white 
 lilies. Trifling and unimportant as these little festivities may seem 
 to Christians in a civilized country, they have undoubtedly a great 
 influence for good over the savage “ children of a larger growth” in 
 Africa. Even the rudest heathen parents love to see their children 
 trained to the habits of civilized and refined people. We have some¬ 
 times heard them say, be too old to learn ourselves; but there 
 are our boys, take them and teach them white man’s fashion. We 
 like that. We want them to learn God’s Book.” 
 
 Stino of Death Removed.— Joseph Stimpson, a native, who, 
 during his stay at the Hoffman Institute, had become a candidate for 
 the Ministry, died March 9th, 1871. His departure was a great loss 
 to the Mission. Hot only did he promise to become a useful Mis¬ 
 sionary to his people, but he was already an efficient teacher. He 
 died in childlike trust in the grace of God in Jesus Christ. While 
 heathen people set up a wailing of despair at his grave, the Chris¬ 
 tians sang with a loud voice, “ Glory be to God on high, and on earth 
 peace, good will to men.” 
 
 Case at Kong-Wan. —The Rev. R. Nelson recently wrote from 
 Shanghai:—At our Kong-Wan station, five miles hence, we have 
 every now and then cases of interest, the details of which, I often 
 think, Christians in America might like to hear; and then the appre¬ 
 hension arises that these things that interest us may be such as they 
 would not care to hear. However, I will venture on one or two items. 
 There is a woman in the outskirts of the town, now a candidate for bap¬ 
 tism, who showed her first concern about ‘ this new doctrine whereof 
 

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 we speak,’ by telling Ting (the catechist) that her mother, recently 
 dead, and who had formerly been of a sect who rely mostly on the 
 merits of abstaining from all animal food, towards the close of her life 
 had given up this reliance, and having heard, or heard of, this new 
 doctrine—I do not know how, or where, or to what extent—accepted 
 it, and before dying urged her daughter, a married woman, to go to 
 the teacher of it there and join that religion, and she seems sincerely 
 and earnestly intent on it. The case suggests that more of the good 
 seed sown among these heathens than we know anything of, may 
 spring up and bear fruit of salvation to sinners, and of glory to the 
 Saviouk.” 
 
 Out of the Mouth of Babes. —The Christmas exercises last 
 year, in our School at Athens, were particularly interesting. Besides 
 the recitation from the Gospel narratives, there were selections 
 from the prophecies respecting the advent of the Saviour, wdth 
 their fulfilment. A copy of the questions, with the scriptural an¬ 
 swers, was given to the gentlemen at whose house the priests were 
 to prepare their Sunday Wessons. It is probable that they were 
 the subject of examination at the meeting that followed; for on 
 the Sunday after, at one of the parish Churches, the priest took 
 occasion to speak of the birth of Christ, which the Church was 
 then celebrating, and told them that this great event had been fore¬ 
 told by the prophets. A little girl belonging to our Mission spoke 
 and said that Isaiah had prophesied respecting ' Christ, and imme¬ 
 diately repeated the passages she had learned. The priest listened to 
 her with astonishment, gave her his blessing, and asked her mother, 
 who is a teacher in our school, where she had learned this Scripture. 
 Her mother told him, and then called her little son, a boy of five years 
 old, and made him repeat what he had learned about the birth of the 
 Saviour. The priest said to the mother : “ I must come and see you. 
 I can learn much from the lessons these children are taught.” 
 
 -- 
 
 Foreign Missions a Blessing" to the Church at Home. 
 
 What the Church needs above all now is not money, men, or 
 buildings, but faith. Our danger is materialism. We are drifting 
 away from all that is supernatural in Christianity, and thus are losing 
 that power w'hich only living faith in the supernatural can give. 
 
 There is nothing which tends more surely to provoke and 
 strengthen this much-needed faith than the sight of the devotion and 
 
8 
 
 self-sacrifice in a noble cause, which only faith in the things which 
 are not seen can give. The annals of our Foreign Missionary work 
 are replete with instances of this devotion, and self-sacrifice, and the 
 Church would be stronger for all her work, if her members were 
 more familiar with them. 
 
 One of the Missionaries of our Church in Africa, who was spared 
 to labor there but a few months, is reported as testifying to her 
 Lord, in her last hours as ‘ chiefest among ten thousand and alto¬ 
 gether lovely,’ ” and declaring, “ 1 have no regret that I am engaged 
 in this cause. I never experienced so much happiness before, and 1 
 die with the assurance that I am in the path of duty.” 
 
 Another, also a female, of great meekness and simplicity of charac¬ 
 ter and of untiring devotion, who was seized with the acclimating fever 
 almost immediately on her arrival in Africa, testified in her last ill¬ 
 ness, The happiness of living and laboring in this benighted land 
 will be yours, but I must die. Tell my friends in America that I feel 
 no regret for coming to Africa.” Then she expired, with an audible 
 prayer for the success of the Mission. 
 
 Another, who was removed to a better world a few months after 
 his arrival in Africa, some days before his death declared, I 
 thought that in coming to Africa I was in the path of duty, and that 
 I could be happy in no other field of labor. My mind is still un¬ 
 changed, and, should I now be taken away, I can see no reason for 
 regretting that I came. My feelings, in view of death, are those of 
 happiness, and the only regret I can have is the discouraging effect it 
 may have on others.” And when subsequently asked whether it was 
 his opinion that the Mission should be sustained, he replied, Oh, yes ; 
 a great work has already been done, and a greater still is to be done.” 
 
 Independent Testimony to the value of Foreign Missions. 
 
 Testimony of Capt. Speke. —The distinguished traveler. Captain 
 Speke, testified on his return to England, that, unaided by Mission¬ 
 aries on shore, foreign ships of war on the coast were ineffectual in 
 putting an end to the slave trade. This eminent explorer was a great 
 advocate for Missionary labor and a liberal contributor to the cause. 
 
 Testimony of Dr. Kane.— “ Before Missionaries came to Green¬ 
 land it was unsafe for vessels to touch upon the coast; but now it is 
 safer for the wrecked mariner than many parts of our own coast.” 
 
 Testimony of Lord Lawrence. —Lord Lawrence, late Governor- 
 
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 General of India, said, ‘ That if there was any body of Englishmen who 
 might be said to go to that country with pure motives and without 
 an)" self-interest, it was the Missionaries, for they suffered many 
 privations, and to his knowledge sometimes lost their lives among the 
 people for whose benefit they had done every thing they could. Much 
 as England had done for India, the Missionaries had done more for her 
 lier agencies combined.’ 
 
 Testimony of Darwin.— In a volume by Darwin, entitled 
 Journal of Researches into the Natural History and Geology of the 
 Countries visited during the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle round the 
 world, under the command of Captain Fitzroy,” speaking of Tahiti, 
 Mr. Darwin writes: 
 
 Thus seated, it was a sublime spectacle to watch the shades of 
 night gradually obscuring the last and highest pinnacles. Before we 
 lay down to sleep, the elder Tahitian fell on his knees, and, with 
 closed eyes, repeated a long prayer in his native tongue. He prayed 
 as a Christian should do, with fitting reverence, and without the fear 
 of ridicule, or any ostentation of piety. At our meals, neither of the 
 men would taste food without saying beforehand a short grace. Those 
 travelers who think that a Tahitian prays only when the eyes of the 
 Missionary are fixed on him, sliould have slept with us that night on 
 the mountain side. 
 
 One of my impressions, which I took from the two last authorities, 
 was decidedly incorrect, viz., that the Tahitians had become a gloomy 
 race, and lived in fear of the Missionaries. Of the latter feeling I 
 saw no trace, unless, indeed, fear and respect be confounded under one 
 name. Instead of discontent being a common feeling, it would be 
 difficult in Europe to piek out of a crowd half so many merry and 
 happy faces. 
 
 On the whole, it appears to me that the morality and religion of 
 the inhabitants are highly creditable. There are many who attack, 
 even hnore acrimoniously than Kotzebue, both the Missionaries, their 
 system, and the effects produced by it. Such reasoners never compare 
 the present state with that of the island only twenty years ago, nor 
 even with that of Europe at this day ; but they compare it with the 
 high standard of Gospel perfection. They expect the Missionaries to 
 effect that which the Apostles themselves failed to do. Inasmuch as 
 the condition of the people falls short of this high standard, blame is 
 attached to the Missionary, instead of credit for that which he has 
 efiected. They forget, or will not remember, that human sacrifices, 
 and the power of an idolatrous priesthood—a system of profligacy 
 
1 
 
10 
 
 unparalleled in any other part of the world—infanticide, a coiise- 
 (pience of that system of bloody wars, where the conquerors spared 
 neither women nor children—that these have been abolished ; and 
 that dislionesty, intemperance and licentiousness have been greatly 
 reduced^y the introduction of Christianity. In a voyager to forget 
 these things is base ingratitude; for should he chance to be at the 
 point of shipwreck on some unknown coast, he will most devoutly 
 pray that the lessons of the Missionary may have extended thus far. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 Si*ENDiNG AND Being Spent.— The Bev. Artliur R. Morris, of the 
 Diocese of New Jersey, having received an appointment by the Foreign 
 Committee as a Missionary to Japan, embarked eii route for that coun¬ 
 try, via England, on the 8th of February. Mr. Morris purposes to de¬ 
 vote himself permanently to that work. For prudential reason, how¬ 
 ever, he prefers to make trial of the field for two years, without ex¬ 
 pense to the Hoard of Missions^ to satisfy himself of his fitness for 
 the work. 
 
 New Life in Japan.— Japan presents the interesting spectacle of 
 a nation shut up for ages from the Western World, and bound hand 
 and foot with the traditions of the past, bursting its bonds and throw¬ 
 ing open its doors to the new life of the present day. 
 
 A Missionary writes : -‘There is a rage for English education. In 
 Yedo alone it is estimated there are over three thousand pupils. Tlie 
 Kai-Sei-Jo University expects to have that number alone; then there 
 is the Aledical College, and the Naval xlcademy, and several private 
 schools, having three hundred each. These latter, private schools, 
 are kept by educated natives, some of them former pupils. They have 
 no school on Sunday, and one school uses ‘ Wayland’s Moral Science.’ 
 In several of the provinces, and in all the ports, there are schools with 
 one or more foreign teachers. A second step of progress is the ma¬ 
 terial improvement taking place in the country. Light-houses mark 
 the coast, steamboats ply on their bays and rivers, owned and manned 
 by natives, the telegraphs between Yokohama and Yedo, and Kiobe, 
 and Osaka are in operation, and the railroad between the former 
 places will soon be done, and routes are being surveyed in other parts 
 of the country. But independent of steam communication, horses and 
 carriages are used most extensively by natives, and the great Tokaido, 
 the chief road from Yokohama to Yedo, is alive witli vehicles. A 
 
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11 
 
 third mark of ])rogress is doing away with the pomp and retinue of 
 former times. It is very common to meet the liigliest Kuges (lords) 
 and Daimios (princes) riding on horse-back witli but a few attendants. 
 Tlie same spirit shows itself in destroying the fine towers of the castle 
 at Yedo. It is a pity to see this dismantling, but it is a mark of pro¬ 
 gress. A fourth mark of progress is not only the increased number 
 of Japanese going abroad, and princes and lords being of that number, 
 but in the government sending representatives to foreign courts.” 
 
 Such a representative now resides at the capital of this country. 
 The second assistant Minister of Finance of the Empire, with an ex¬ 
 tensive suite, came some months ago to our shores to visit our mint, 
 to study our revenue laws and to inform himself generally regarding 
 our financial system, and it is recently reported that the Japanese 
 Government announces a new system of national coinage of gold 
 and silver, to correspond with the American system, the yew or 
 dollar being the unit. 
 
 The Probable Result and Present Status. — That the final 
 results of this movement will be favorable to the introduction of 
 Christianity cannot perhaps be doubted ; but the hopes, which facts 
 like the above engendered, that a free field would soon be opened 
 for the publishing of the Gospel, have not yet been realized. The 
 opposition to the Gospel seems to be as strong as ever, and the 
 edicts against converts to it have recently been put into execution 
 with remorseless cruelty. 
 
 The Condition and Prospects of Christianity in China. 
 
 1st. As they Apueak to a Native Missionary. Our faithful 
 Chinese Presbyter, Rev. Ngan Yung Kiung, in a recent letter, after 
 expressing his gratitude for the interest shown by Christians in his 
 heathen fellow-countrymen, writes: “As to ourselves, holding our 
 commission from above and from the Church, we dare not but be 
 faithful in our daily work ; but, yet, alas! our progress is slow. 
 AVould that it could be quickened thirty-fold, sixt 3 "-fold, yea, a 
 hundred-fold ! And for myself, individually, who come in and go 
 out among my people, my heart longs for the downfall of idolatry 
 and the triumph of the Messiah’s kingdom. But, be the retarding 
 causes what they may, it is a satisfaction to me, that I am spread¬ 
 ing the truth of ‘Christ and Him crucified.’ It must not be for¬ 
 gotten, that Missionary work has a secondary influence, and brings 
 
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 forth what I inay call hidden FJiurrs. Fur, is the iiaine of Jesus 
 becoming better and more widely known ? Is faith in idols giving 
 way? If it is, a secondary influence is at work which is fraught 
 with hopes for the future. I am not far from the truth when I 
 say that a large number of my hearers have had their minds so 
 aroused by the truth that, were the}" in different circumstances they 
 would not hesitate to embrace it openly. Feeble as our visible 
 results may be, no one can deny that the name of Jesus is becoming 
 more widely known. It is a comfort to us to know thatfor every 
 one who is baptized there are hundreds who are more or less 
 
 ‘pricked in their heart,’ and this conviction will, in God’s appointed 
 time, work out its destiny. Hitherto, there have been but three reli¬ 
 gions known to the Chinese (Buddhism, Tauism, and Confucianism). 
 To day, however, Christianity is a recognized fact.” 
 
 2d. As THEY APPEAR TO A FoREIGN MISSIONARY.- The Bev. S. B. J. 
 
 Hoyt, one of our missionaries at Wuchang, lately wrote : “ That labor¬ 
 ers are needed liere is very certain, that strong earnest men are 
 needed is equally certain. We are very weak to-day, and have no 
 encouragement for to-mori-ow from the Church at home, and I doiib. 
 the Committee’s sending another man to the field ; indeed I hear they 
 have been driven to the thought of diminishing the force already here.* 
 But I cannot think so meanly of the Church as that she can allow such 
 a thing. Better abandon everything than go on with so crippled a force ; 
 for unless we mean to keej) pace with the vantage gained, we are sure 
 to spend our mite amiss. Every day is bringing us nearer to the 
 triumph of the Gospel. Others will go before us, and get the blessing. 
 Not many years are to pass before there will be a reformation of this 
 great empire. Then the Gospel will have an opportunity of proving 
 the rottenness of men’s devices. Will the Church educate herself for 
 her work, and be in readiness then ? Not unless she shall awake to a 
 sense of her privileges, and give a hearty support to the work she can 
 now do. Oh ! that our brethren, when they pray, ‘ Thy kingdom 
 come,’ would get their thoughts beyond the walls of their own little 
 temple, beyond the horizon of their own neighborhood. * * * If 
 
 I be slain to-morrow let not the Church waste her strength with one 
 groan for mc^ but let her mourn for the evil that is here to be over¬ 
 come, and let her put forth her strength for the 
 
 A tittude of the Chinp:se Pp:ople.— The Missionaries unite in say- 
 
 * There has been ground for such torel)odings. There is none at this date. CUmI gmit 
 that there never may be! 
 
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 ing that the people are not of themselves at all niifrienclly to their 
 work, but rather the contraiy. All hostility is the creation of the 
 Mandarins, who fear in the success of the Gospel the downfall of their 
 own pre-eminence. 
 
 Retakding Influences. —These are the same in a great degree a& 
 those which hinder the hearty acceptance of the Gospel in our own 
 land. Writes the Rev. ’Ngan Yung Kiung : There is at this moment 
 a vast disproportion between Christians and heathens. There are, by 
 the latest returns, only 5743 Protestant Cliristians in the whole country. 
 A man entei’s our chapel, hears the Gospel, understands it, and is con¬ 
 vinced ; he goes out, and is thrown in a heathen throng; he finds no 
 sympathy, no kindred mind to utter a word of encouragement, no friend 
 to break in more light; the truth languishes, and his mind is lulled to 
 indifference and inaction. But it would be well if this negative disad¬ 
 vantage were all. Said a man to me, ‘ I know Christianity is true^ 
 and I ought to embrace it, but my relatives and friends will oppose 
 and persecute me, if I do so. How can I,’ added he, ^ be a Christian in 
 the face of so great a hostilitj^ V Said another whom I called upon on 
 Chinese JSTew Year, ‘I cannot go contrary to my parents.’ 
 
 Interesting Incidents of the Missionary Work in China. 
 
 A Delightful Service at the Opening of a Chapel at Wu¬ 
 chang. —We had a most delightful service writes one our mission¬ 
 aries, at the time of opening the ‘‘ Chapel of the Nativity,'’ just built 
 by means of the generous donations of native Christians and a few 
 foreigners. Mr. Hohing brought his school (his school of singers) 
 over with him, and to these lads, with the larger boys from our own 
 school, were given the front seats—next to them were eight or ten wo. 
 men —the men occupying the back slips. A hundred and twenty 
 or thirty were present, filling the little Chapel to its utmost capacity. 
 So difficult a matter is it to have any interview with the women 
 of China, and in particular to get them to appear in a congregation of 
 men, that it was a cheering sight to behold so goodly a number pres¬ 
 ent. But more cheering still was it, to see four of these women go 
 forward, with six men, to the baptismal font, to be signed with the sign 
 of the Cross. M’^e have now, families of Christians. We have the 
 household of the teacher, “ Yu,” the family of the carpenter, ‘‘ Kiang,” 
 and of the tailor, “ Yuen.” 
 
 Easter Sp:r vices at Shanghai. —Bishop Williams writes : Our 
 
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14 
 
 Piaster Services (1871) were very interesting. As is customary on 
 Easter Day, our converts were all gathered together at Christ Church 
 in this city. On the streets, from the gate to the Church, small parties 
 were passed wending their way towards the Church. Just as I entered 
 he gate, I saw a number of women, ten or twelve, one of whom was 
 from Kong-Wan, a town about seven miles from the Church. Others 
 were from Tsa Ka Pang a distance of nearly four miles. Several other 
 parties of three or four were passed, and near the Church I overtook 
 one of the day-school teachers, marching his scholars along, two 
 and two. 
 
 The Church was already well tilled when I reached there, and it 
 was found necessaiy to place benches in the alleys. Even then man}^ 
 of the congregation were compelled to stand all through the services. 
 We have no instrument in this Church, and the chanting of the Easter 
 * Anthem, ‘‘ Christ, our Passovp:r,” was not at all well done.f The 
 Easter Hymn was sung much better, and with far more heartiness. 
 The Rev. Mr. Wong took most of the service, and I preached the 
 sermon and consecrated the elements. There were one hundred and 
 thirteen (113) communicants present. As must always be the case, 
 some well-known faces were missed, being detained at home from 
 distance, sickness, absence from Shanghai and other causes. Some 
 came verv lono; distances. One convert walked fourteen or fifteen 
 miles, and brought along with him a goodly number (*f his relatives, 
 some of whom wish to become Christians. 
 
 Incidents in School Work in China. 
 
 In China, as in other fields, the effort being not to denationalize the 
 people, but to lay the solid foundation of a native Church, presided 
 over and taught by native pastors, great attention is given to schools 
 in which the young are gathered, and from which it is hoped they 
 may go forth in after years rooted and grounded in Christian truth 
 and practice, reliable Christians who will adorn among their own peo¬ 
 ple the doctrine of God their Saviour, and be able to give a reason for 
 the hope that is in them ; and some of them (if God will) able minister 
 of the New Testament, pure in life, apt to teach, and thoroughly 
 furnished unto every good work. 
 
 LiiriTER OF Rkv. W. J. Boone. — “ Picture,” writes one of our 
 
 t Thanks to kind trieinls, a harinoniuiu lia.s sinco l)oen sont. 
 

15 
 
 Missionaries, “ as clearly as you can the state of a heathen hoy, such as 
 those who run about the streets of these three cities (VV^iichang, Han¬ 
 kow and Hanyang), growing up to a stupid, sensual, practically 
 godless life. Then think of that same boy rescued by the outstretched 
 hands of some of the Church’s many Sunday-schools, brought to our 
 pleasant school-lot and chapel, washed, clothed, taught both the best 
 Chinese literature and such Christian and foreign learning as we shall 
 find best to giv^e him, daily at chapel prayers, learning to chant and 
 respond, baptized into Christ’s holy Church, and shielded for years 
 from the terrible powers of the arch adversary. As a man he is well 
 learned ; no more an idolater, and, if God lias blessed our pi-ayers and 
 work, a sincere Christian, ready to give his life and labors in return 
 for that the Church has done for him. Only $d0 a year may do-all 
 this. Who will come up to our help in this work for our Lord?” 
 
 J.ETTER of Rev. S. R. J. Hoyt. —Rev. S. R. J. Hoyt writes from 
 Wuchang, July -i, 1871: 
 
 ‘‘ During Bishop Williams’ recent visitation, besides the pleasing 
 services held, in which, at Hankow, eleven persons renewed their 
 baptismal vows, and at Wuchang, two infants were baptized—the 
 long and much desired boarding-school was provided for. By private 
 subscriptions we have raised money enough to build a house which 
 will accommodate fourteen boys, and which can easily be so enlarged 
 as to make room for as many more whenever we are able to support sa 
 many boys. We have lost no time in pushing the work on, and already 
 we see a neat little edifice nearly ready to receive future laborers in the 
 Lord’s vineyard. “ May God grant that this be the calling of each 
 one. If not as ordained ministers, yet as faithful servants ! 
 
 ‘‘ If we have a right to.count the dollars paid for the soul of a feb 
 low creature, this system is not an expensive one : for thirty-five dol¬ 
 lars currency will support a boy one year. Is it not worth this sum, 
 not reckoning his future usefulness, to take a child from the sufierings 
 and influences of his wretched home and heathen practices, and to 
 bring him up, not in luxury, but in decency, and above all in a knowl¬ 
 edge of the Lord Jesus Christ, to whom we owe all our blessings, and 
 all that makes us differ from these hungry, benighted wanderers in 
 heathenism. We pray and trust that the friends who are giving their 
 loaves to those boys, may bo spared to know that they in turn are 
 giving them again to the multitudes.” 
 
 Rev. Noan Yung- Kiung writes: “November last, Messrs. Hoyt 
 and Boone and myself agreed to contribute a monthly sum for the 
 new day-Bchool we established outside the city gate, half a mile from 
 
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 our lioMie^i. We found tliat inside it we could not compete with the 
 native cliarity schools. All things being equal, the latter will be pre¬ 
 ferred by heathen parents to ours. In the country, we have a clear 
 field. The present number is twenty-three, including four girls. Their 
 ages are from nine to twelve. Messrs. Hoyt and Boone alternate in ac¬ 
 companying me to examine the lessons every Monday. The exercise 
 consist in hearing recitations memoriter in any or all of the hooks 
 they have studied, A book of marks is kept, and after each examina¬ 
 tion every child’s standing is read out to him. This constant visit, 
 which, indeed, seems to be a trifling duty, is necessary in order to insure 
 faithfulness in the teacher, and diligence in the scholars. Our religi¬ 
 ous books are studied every day. We dismissed two who refused to 
 do so. Last Sunday was the first time they came into the city to at¬ 
 tend services. For in this or any other branch of our Missionary 
 work, we are obliged to proceed warily, for our motives and objects 
 are often misjudged and put in the worst possible light. 
 
 “Our difficulties are many ; our disappointments are often bittei', 
 but we thank God and take courage.” 
 
 Our Hospital in Shanghai. In Shanghai, few things, perhaps, 
 have contributed more to gain a favorable hearing for our Missiona¬ 
 ries than the Hospital established some years ago by the Kev. E. H. 
 Thomson. Its work is a silent, but irresistible, testimony to the heart 
 of the excellence of Christ’s religion and the good intentions of the 
 Missionaries. 
 
 By the increased contributions received during the year 1870, and 
 by the assiduous attention of the honorary surgeons, the benefits of 
 this hospital have been rendered more thorough and effectual than 
 heretofore, and the more so because it has been practicable to keep the 
 surgery cases in the hospital and under the daily treatment of the 
 surgeons. 
 
 One hundred and forty-two in-door patients were treated in the 
 Hospital during the past year, and the number of visits paid to the 
 Dispensary by those seeking relief amounted to 22,496. 
 
 From the influence of one case, we may judge of the general effect 
 of all. “ In reference to one of the cases mentioned in the Surgeons’ 
 Eeport,—that of a deranged girl treated in the Hospital—a fact that 
 has come to our knowledge may not be without interest. When she was 
 sent home to her friends, her parents expressed to the man in whose 
 care she was placed the horrible dread they had felt of this Hospital 
 and of the foreigners who conducted it, saying that they had been told 
 that to get their daughter away they must pay 1,000 taels. But when 
 
1 
 
I 
 
 17 
 
 they heard the true state of the case, and saw the benefit which their 
 daughter had received, they were not only greatly relieved, but pro¬ 
 mised that after the New Year they would come and express their 
 thanks for so much kindness.” 
 
 China as a Field of Work. 
 
 This subject can be best treated by quotations from an article 
 from the pen of the well-known Rev. Alexander Williamson, D.D* 
 
 Its Size.— “ Suppose no China, and suppose that the Chinamen 
 were distributed over the whole world—Europe, Asia, Africa, Amer¬ 
 ica, Australia, and the isles of the sea—every third man you should 
 meet would be a Chinaman, and every third house a Chinese dwelling! 
 Speak of Jamaica! why, there are more people in Peking than in the 
 whole island; or of the Samoan Islands, a most promising group of 
 the South Seas, with its 85,000 people ! that would only be a little bit 
 of a city in China. There are a dozen cities within a few days’ 
 journey of Chefoo in which there are as many, and in several instances 
 double that population. Speak of Madagascar, with its 4,000,000 or 
 5,000,000—that is only one-seventh of the population of the province 
 in which it is my privilege to dwell.” 
 
 The Capacity of the People. —“The mental capacities of the 
 people are of no inferior order. Their coherence as a nation, and 
 their wonderful career through more than four thousand years, speaks 
 for the remarkable vitality and importance of the race ; the size of 
 the country, the extent and activity of the population, and the effi¬ 
 cient manner in which the people have been governed during these 
 four millenniums, prove to demonstration that there must always 
 have been among them minds of the very highest order, in point of 
 width of view, force, vigor, decision, and persistency of character.” 
 
 The Part They are to Play. —“Further, the Chinese are the 
 hope of the East. Every one who has traveled in these distant 
 regions knows how vast the territories, both continental and insular, 
 which yet remain in a state of nature and the home of wild beasts. 
 Immense tracts—in fact, by far the greater part of Cambodia, Siam, 
 Burmah, North-eastern India, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Timor, and the 
 multitudes of islands of the East Indian and the Malayan Archipelago, 
 literally millions of square acres, as much as the whole area of Europe 
 —yet remain covered with jungle. The natives obtain their food too 
 easily, and so are a lazy and hopeless people. Europeans fall before 
 
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18 
 
 
 the insalubrity of these climates. The Chinese alone have proved 
 themselves able to maintain vigorous physical life in these unwhole¬ 
 some regions. And they are entering these places by the thousand. 
 In Java, there are at least 160,000, in Singapore, 80,000, in the other 
 places proportionate numbers. They are multiplying rapidly, and the 
 probability is, that they will supersede the natives, who will either 
 fall before them or be incorporated wdth them, and so they are sure to 
 be soon the ruling spirits in all these localities.” 
 
 Yantage-Ground for Effort. —1. China possesses a written lan¬ 
 guage through which we can communicate our ideas to Chinamen in 
 every province of the empire, and in every part of the world where 
 Chinamen are. Again, in North China there is a second language, 
 which is the colloquial of the people in that quarter, which is also a 
 written language, and wdiich reaches from the Yangtsze-Kiang to the 
 Amoor, and from the Yellow River to India—spoken by more people 
 than any other, except perhaps the English. 
 
 “ 2. Education prevails very extensively. Every village or town has 
 schools in proportion to its size. There has been considerable diver¬ 
 sity of opinion expressed in reference to the prevalence of education 
 in China. It stands thus: Shopkeepers can all read and write, and 
 keep accounts. The classes above these are yet better instructed ; and 
 many among them can not only read the mandarin colloquial, but also 
 the classical style. Below the shopkeeper there is less attention to 
 education. 
 
 3. Their literature—ancient, varied, and most extensive—is all 
 based on truths and moral maxims, to which Missionaries can refer 
 with great power, even as we appeal to the Bible. In their earliest and 
 most revered writings—viz., the five classics—the unity, personality^ 
 supremacy, beneficence, and ever present providence and control of 
 the living and the true God, are explicitly taught. Some of their 
 hymns to Him are truly sublime. In the next ancient writings—viz., 
 the four books of Confucius—the duty of man to man in all the rela¬ 
 tions of life is most clearly enunciated. The duties which relatively 
 belong to king and subject, father and son, husband and wife, elder 
 and younger brothers, and friend with friend, are all clearly set forth. 
 
 “ 4. Up to the time of our Saviour, there w’ere no idols in China. 
 In none of the classics is idolatry or immorality countenanced in any 
 shape or form. And not only so, but in all ages, more especially since 
 the introduction of Buddhism and Tauism, books have been published 
 in every generation by scholars denouncing all such abominations. 
 
 “ 5. Their theory of government is perhaps the most perfect upon 
 
19 
 
 earth. Their laws about succession, the selection of the wise and the 
 talented for rulers, their code of laws, are all admirable.” 
 
 Conclusion. —Here, then, we have a people embracing one- 
 third of the human race—a people possessing vast territories, as rich 
 and fertile as ever they were, territories full of immense mineral 
 wealth, as yet practically untouched, all indicative of a triumphant 
 future—a people of great reach of intellect, fertility of resources, full 
 of energy and enterprise, fitted by nature and disposed by training to 
 contend with any obstacle, and carry out their enterprises in spite of 
 all opposition—a people, in a measure, cultivated and prepared to 
 receive all that can be placed before them for acceptance—a people 
 whose youthful minds are directed towards moral excellence as the 
 acme of all ambition, trained to imitate virtuous examples, and to 
 watch the springs of action, taught to set mental accomplishment above 
 wealth, and virtue above nobility—a people through God’s providence, 
 so hammered and blended together, that they retain their character¬ 
 istics as well among the most vigorous and levelling races of the 
 world, as among the immobile populations of the Archipelago—a peo¬ 
 ple that has struggled after civilization and high attainments, for 
 thousands of years, passed through revolution after revolution, disor¬ 
 ganization and reconstruction ; a people ready to receive the word of 
 emancipation, enlightenment and new life, which their Father and our 
 Father has entrusted to us for dissemination among them—a people 
 possessed of all the elements of success and dominion, with no end of 
 material resources, and with brains to plan and govern. They have 
 always been the Imperial race of the East, and are as able as ever to 
 exercise dominion and power. Say, is there a people in this wide 
 world who have such claims upon us ?” 
 

 
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