\ . « \ Stevens Open Pan Cooling Rooms and =t= Refrigerators. ' Stevens Patent Insulation is Used Exclusively by us in Refrigerator Work of all Kinds. COR. ERIE, LAFAYETTE and Lucas Streets, TOLEDO, OHIO. 2-1903 V •• I V V . i M NS- iMO . ■ - AVERY LIBRARY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY • ■ •• ’ • & ) vv • • \ t x . I - « 18 7 5 . STEVENS OPEN PAN COOLING ROOMS The B. A. Stevens Co., Toledo, Ohio, U. S. A., Corner Erie and Lafayette Streets. 11) O 6 . « Classics PJ UoZ Stevens No. 10 Cooling Room THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO , OHIO. 3 Insulation of Cooling Rooms NE of the essential things to be considered in the purchase of a Cooling Room is the Insulation. AVe mean by Insulation that which will prevent the heat from coming in and the cold from going out. Poor Insulation Waste Ice. It has been estimated that in the average Cooling Room fully 70 per cent of the cold is wasted by the heat coming in and by the cold going out through the walls. Such Cooling Rooms waste ice, but what is still worse, it is utterly impossible to maintain a uniform temperature. The temperature within is bound to vary with that of the air outside—at noon it will be higher than in the morning, at night lower than at noon. Every change in temperature outside affects that within. Successful Refrigeration, especially of meats, can not be had without a uniform temperature, and that means Proper Insulation. Temperature Must be Uniform. AVe have spared neither time nor money in perfecting the Insulation of our Cooling Rooms. Actual tests and the experience of hundreds of those that are using Stevens Coolers prove that we have the most Perfect Insulation for Refrigeration in the AVorld. It is the purpose of the following- pages to show what the Stevens New Patent Insulation is, and what it has done for Refrigeration. Stevens Patent Insulation. Stevens Patent Insulation. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 4 The Relative Value of Different Substances as Insulators. T WILL be readily seen tliat some substances are better non-conductors of heat and cold than others. For example : A wooden poker could be used to stir a fire until it had nearly burned up without any discomfort, while one of iron would soon get too hot to handle. Those substances that are fibrous or loose in structure are always bad conductors of heat and cold, or in other words are good non-conductors or insulators. The poor conducting powers or the insulating properties of such substances are due to the large amount of air which they contain,—the value of wool clothing as a protection against cold and heat depends mainly on the fact that it contains innumerable cavities filled with air or dead air spaces. From the tests which we conducted to determine the relative value of different materials as insulators, it was conclusively proven that the value of any substance as an insulator or non-conductor of heat and cold would be greatly increased by putting it in an air-tight box or dead air space. The experience of our best authorities on heat and its transmission has also shown that perfectly still air is the best of non-conductors, while air in motion is the poorest, as it carries the heat and cold from one part to another, thus equalizing the temperature. By putting whatever insulation you use in an air-tight box in which there is AN AIR-TIGHT PARTITION TO PREVENT THE AIR FROM MOVING OR CIRCULATING FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER, YOU WILL DOUBLE ITS VALUE AS AN INSULATOR, TO SAY NOTHING ABOUT THE INSULATION’S STAYING TO PLACE. Experiments along this line led to the Patenting of a New Insulation, now known as “ Stevens Patent Insulation,” a full description of which will be found on the following page. We have built hundreds of Coolers in the past five years with the Stevens Patent Insulation, and the experience of every one that has purchased them is that such Coolers will keep stock longer, and in better condi¬ tion, and with less ice than any other make of Cooler they have ever had or have ever seen. Understand we manufacture this Insulation ourselves (having put in special machinery for this purpose) and we now use it exclusively for insulating Coolers, Cold Storage Doors, Refrigerators, Ice Boxes, Etc. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO , OHIO 5 Stevens Patent Insulation. T HE New Patent Insulation con¬ sists of air-tight Insulating Boxes made from Special Water-Proof Insu¬ lating Paper. These boxes are 16x18 inches and one inch thick, are divided by a partition of Special Water-Proof Insulating Paper into two air-tight compartments each one-half inch thick ; one of these compartments is filled with a half inch sheet of Special Prepared Mineral Wool Felt, the other with a half inch sheet of Double Corrugated Paper. The illustration given below shows a corner of the Insulation Box broken away. You will notice from the illustration that the box is divided by a partition into two separate apartments—each apartment is Absolutely Air-Tight, thus making it impossible for air to circulate from one side of the box to the other. One of these apartments is filled with Mineral Wool, Specially Prepared and Felted ; the other Double Corrugated number of dead air Before any cold or heat must go through three apartment is filled with Paper, having a large cells or dead air spaces, can pass through, it thicknesses of Special Water Proof Insulating Paper, one-half inch of Mineral Wool Felt, and one-half inch sheet of Double Corrugated Paper. The illustration below shows different parts of Insulation Box, ready to he put together ; Nos. 1, 5 and 3 are top, bottom and inside partition respectively these are made from Special Water Proof Insulating Paper, and the edges are cemented together so that it forms an Absolutely Air-Tioiit box with two Air- Tight apartments ; No. 2 is the Special Pre¬ pared Mineral Wool Felt—this is very loose in structure, and contains a large amount of air confined between its fibres ; No. 4 is the Double Corrugated Paper with dead air cells or air spaces. The Stevens Coolers are the Best Insulated Coolers in the World—no question about that. They Save Ice, but what is still more important, they keep a uniform temperature inside. 6 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO , OHIO. Here Are Some Tests. W E made two tanks of galvanized iron, 24x30 by 24 inches deep. Lined one of them on the sides and bottom with the New Insulation. Cover¬ ed the top over with boards. Set this tank out of doors where the sun shone on it all day. (See illustration to left.) Monday, August 6th, at 10:00 a. m., put in 184 pounds of ice. The next Sunday at noon (over six days, or 144 hours) there was ice in it. These were six of the hottest days w T e ei^er had in Toledo —thermometer stood through the day at 91 to 98 degrees, and the nights were nearly as warm. A thermometer which hung on the tank run up as high as 124 degrees. You could hardly bear your hand to it. Understand, there was nothing inside this tank hut the New Insulator, right against the iron. In the other tank we put a wood lining two inches from the iron ; filled this space with the best fine charcoal. We set this tank alongside of the other, put in 145 pounds of ice, and in 72 hours it was all gone—about half the time of the other. We then took the tank with the New Insulation and placed it in one of our factory dry kilns. The temperature stands at 180 degrees—so hot that one could not live in it with the door shut. Put in 100 pounds of ice ; it took 40 hours to melt it. We next built a regular No. 2 Cooler, 6x8 by 10 feet, complete, just as it would be for shipment. Set this Cooler up in the street, as shown in il¬ lustration, where the sun shone on it all day, and the air circulated all around it. On September 10th, put in 1,200 pounds of ice; on September 16th the ice was not all melted—six days. The weather was warm; thermome¬ ter hanging on Cooler at noon was as follows: 10th, 110°; lltli, 103°; 12th, 97°; 13th, 100°; 14tli, 96°; 15th, 98°. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO , OHIO. 7 Tests with the New Insulation. ==(Continued.) W E built from rough cull hemlock boards a house 8x10 feet, 10 feet high It was just nailed together like an ordinary packing box. Put in a rough floor and ceiling, putting some boards over the top for a roof to keep out the rain. We placed around the walls The New Patent Insulation, holding it to place by small strips; did not even put in an inside ceiling. Outside there were joints an inch apart, so that with a knife or a pencil you could have punched clear through to the inside. On August 24tli we put in this 6,400 pounds of ice, and it lasted 21 days; temperature from 78 to 94 degrees. Don’t you think that speaks well for the New Insulation? We had built a brick bouse, 8x10 by 10 feet; walls were 4 inches thick, no air space, just a loose wall. Put in a brick bottom, covered the top over flat with boards, and put in one of our regular stock cold storage doors. Inside we put up 1-| inch studs against the wall, and ceiled onto them with f inch thick flooring. On the brick bottom we put The New Patent Insulation, and over it a ■§■ inch floor. Around the sides and ends we put The New Insulation; nothing over it only paper, exposed all around the room. It stood out exposed to the sun, (see illustration) air circulated all around it; it had no roof, only boards laid flat, and on them the Insulator. Understand what a cheaply built thing it was. Ice placed in it with no insulation would have melted nearly as fast as out of doors. On June 22(1, 1901, we put in this house 6,000 pounds of ice, and it lasted until July 19, or 27 days, using 222 pounds of ice per day. On the outside of this house there was a Standard Thermometer, which was read twice a day; the lowest it registered was 80 degrees, and the highest was 115 degrees. The average for 2 7 days was 93 degrees. 8 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Why Loose Mineral Wool is Impractical to Use in Insulating Cooling Rooms. O UR experience has shown that mineral wool, although a good non-conductor of heat and cold, is, in its crude state, impracticable to use as an Insu¬ lator of Cooling Rooms, owing to its tendency to settle and disintegrate. Yet you will see from the opposite page that many manufacturers, (in fact the majority of them,) are still using loose mineral wool in insulating their coolers. Of what value such insulation would be in six months or a year's time, we leave you to judge after having read the following test: The illustration here given shows a section of a Cooler filled with mineral wool, and also shows you how the min- eral wool settled. We put in mineral wool 1 j inches thick, packed closer than it should have been to be good. On one section we put in three headers, making spaces one, two and three feet high. On the other section we made no headers at all, and filled with mineral wool. This was ceiled up and stood on end, the same as a Cooling Room. At the end of ten days took off the ceiling, and the il¬ lustration shows the result. The three foot sections had settled, each 2 inches ; the two foot section had settled 1J inches ; and the one foot section had settled f of an inch, making a total of Gj; inches of settling. In the section without headers the wool parted in the center and separated about 3 inches, and the top also settled about 6 inches, making a total settling of about 9 inches. You can very readily estimate if the cooler had stood a year it would easily have settled 20 inches. Understand—The wool was put in very carefully, with piece lying down, and packed closer than it should have been to be right for proper insulation. The Stevens Patent Insulation will not settle. The mineral wool used is Specially Prepared and Felted and enclosed in air-tight boxes which are held in place by furring strips, as shown on pages 10 & 11. A Cooler with the Stevens Patent Insulation will do just as good work in ten or twenty years as the day it was built. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 9 What Other Manufacturers Have to Say About the Insulation of Their Cooling Rooms. A PARTY , here in the city, wanted a Cooler. We gave him a price, and he said he could do better. Said he could get a much finer Cooler with carv¬ ings and looking glasses, and that the Cooler was very pretty We asked how it was insulated, and what the insulation was. He said he did not know We showed him the New Insulation and how it is used, and asked him to write every maker with whom he had corresponded, and ask them the thickness of their walls, how they were insulated and with what, and asked him to bring us the answers. Now these manufacturers who answered his letters were all regular makers of Cooling Rooms—men of whom you would buy, if you do not buy of us Here they are, six of them, word for word : First Letter. —■'' Inside and outside, f in. matched ceiling ; then 3Ir inches of mineral wool and two thicknesses of felt paper.” ( Don't know what that is.) Second Letter —"We don’t give specifications.” ( Why don't they?) Third Letter. — “Inside and outside walls f in thick, and two thicknesses of special insulating paper ; then 2 inches mineral wool, which has been awarded the highest medal. ’ ’ Fourth Fetter. —"We do not purpose to openly advertise how we secure these essential features.” Fifth Fetter. —Don’t answer the questions at all, but send a list, and all the list says about insulation is that “air spaces alone do not make good insulation, and filled walls always give the best results.” Sixth Fetter. —“On the inside, white pine flooring, and on the outside, long leaf pine. Every little crevice in the wall is properly insulated with mineral wool ; has paper on each side, and total thickness of wall is \\ inches.” We do not understand what is meant by “every little crevice tilled." If it means all the walls are of mineral wool , packed closely , it would be no good. This is what six manufacturers have to say as to the filling of the walls for their Cooling Rooms. No one should buy a Cooler without having it understood what the In¬ sulation is From illustrations and descriptions on the following pages you will see exactly how your Cooler is to be built, if you buy from us. 10 THE B. A. STEVE NS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. _ FULL SIZE SECTION OF STEVENS' 34 INCH COOLER WALL! Showing New Patent Insulation. 78 INCH INSIDE MATCH £.0 DOING 4 x c / y/ / % : * m FURRING STRIP , .. .A/ .< x “1 BiNCH JT5IDEL TCHEO “ II i kir. 1-2 INCH MINERAL WOOL FELT air-tight PARTITION INSULATING paper) CORRUGATED PAPER SPECIAL INSULATING PAPER The side walls and top of Cooler are made as follows: (See above illus¬ tration.) Commencing on the outside—One 1 inch outside matched ceiling; one thickness of Special Insulating Paper; one f inch air space; PATEXT IX- SULATIOX consisting of air tight boxes made from Special Water-proof In¬ sulating paper—(These boxes are one inch thick, are divided by an air-tight partition of Special Insulating Paper into two compartments each | inch thick,—one compartment is filled with Mineral Wool Felt i inch thick, the other is a i inch dead air space); one thickness of Special Insulating Paper; one 1 inch inside matched ceiling. The bottom of the Cooler is made with two thicknesses of £ inch matched flooring, one 1£ inch air space, one £ inch air space and two thicknesses of Special Water-proof Insulating Paper. THE B. A. STEVEJVS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 11 FULL SIZE SECTION OF STEVENS' 51 INCH COOLER WALL! Showing New Patent Insulation. STU DOING . ~ i tt •• 7-8 INCH INSIDE MATCHED CEILING I-EINCH MINERAL WOOL FELT CORRUGATED PAPER 1 AIR-TIGHT PARTITION (INSULATING paper) 4 572 INCHES * PAPER The Side walls and Top of Cooler are made as follows: (See above illus¬ tration.) Commencing on the outside—One £ inch outside matched ceiling*; one thickness of Special Insulating Paper; one If inch air space; one £ inch interior matched Ceiling; one thickness of Special Insulating Paper; PAT¬ ENT INSULATION consisting of air-tight boxes made from Special Water¬ proof Insulating Paper—(These boxes are 1 inch thick, are divided by an air-tight partition of Special Insulating Paper into two compartments each £ inch thick,—one compartment is filled with Mineral Wool Felt | inch thick, the other is a £ inch dead air space); one thickness of Special Insu¬ lating Paper; one £ inch inside matched ceiling. The bottom of the Cooler is made with two thicknesses of £ inch match¬ ed flooring, one £ inch air space, two thicknesses of Special Insulating Paper and the NEW PATENT INSULATION. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO Interior View of a Stevens Cooling Room. Showing Sectional View of the Stevens Open Pan. The arrows show how the air circulates in a Stevens Open Pan Cooling Room. THE /!. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 1 o lo The Stevens Open Pan. T HE first Cooler with the Stevens Open Pan was built in 1878. Over 25 years’ experience has shown that the Stevens Open Pan System is the only method by which a Perfect Circulation can be obtained. A sectional view of the Stevens Open Pan is given in the illustration on the opposite page. You will see from illustration that it is so constructed that no drippings from the ice can get to the Storage Room—the drip troughs catch the drip water and carry it to the cross trough, which empties into the drip pipe ; the drip pipe has a trap at the bottom so that no cold air can escape, or foul air get in. You can have the drip pipe in any corner of the room you wish, but it is best to have it as far from the large door as possible CIRCULATION EXPLAINED. —The air in the ice chamber being cooled by the ice becomes heavier, and settles down through the Open Pan ; it cools the meats (i. e. gives up a part of its cold) becomes warmer and lighter, and rises going back again to the ice chamber; being again cooled and purified by the ice, it comes down through the Open Pan as before. You thus have a complete circulation —cold air coming down from the ice chamber through the Open Pan to cool the meats, and warmer air going back to be again cooled and purified by the ice. HOW A UNIFORM TEMPERATURE IS MAINTAINED— The Stevens Open Pan is constructed so that you can regulate the circulation. By moving the wing boards which are just below the drip troughs, you can let down all the cold air needed, or you can stop the circulation entirely. For example : You have just put in a large amount of fresh killed stock—by opening up the wing boards still more, you can let down enough extra cold air to counteract the warmth in the meat, thus keeping the temperature of the storage room uniform ; as soon as the meats have cooled, a part of the cold air can be shut off, thus saving ice. By opening up the wing boards a trifle more during the heat of the day, you can keep a uniform temperature inside. A Stevens Cooler when run as it should be, will not vary one degree in 24 hours, no matter how the temperature outside changes. WHY THE STEVENS COOLERS ARE ALWAYS DRY— The amount of moisture that air will absorb and hold depends upon the temperature—the warmer the air the more moisture it will absorb, the colder the air the less moisture it can hold. Now, as the cold air from the ice chamber comes down through the Open Pan it cools the meats, becomes warmer, and will therefore absorb mois¬ ture ; going back, it is again cooled by the ice, and must therefore give up this moisture. A Stevens Cooler is alwa}^s Dry, because the circulation is perfect. (See what Harmon & Hoggatt say about the Circulation, Page 1G.) 14 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Some Other Points About the Stevens Coolers. T HE STEVENS COOLERS ARE ALL BUILT SECTIONAL. The first Stevens Sectional Cooler was built in 1876. We have sold thousands of Coolers since the Stevens Sectional System was perfected. We have had over twenty-five years’ experience in building Sectional Coolers, and should know something about it. It’s the only way to have your Cooler built. A Cooler built in your market would be a total loss in case you ever had to move it. You can have a Stevens Cooler built any size you want—no piece but what will go through a common doorway. Every piece is marked, so that you know exactly where it belongs. All Stevens Coolers are now built with Martin’s Patent Flush Door Sills. The sill to the large door is built flush with the floor of the Cooling Room, so that there is nothing to step over in going in and out of the Cooler. The advantage in having the sill even with the floor of the Cooling Room is plain to be seen. Understand, the Stevens Coolers are the only ones that have Martin’s Patent Flush Door Sills. The Stevens Patent Latches and Hinges close the doors perfectly tight, —no air leak to waste ice, and what is still worse, to keep the temperature high and uneven. You must have a latch that will shut the door tight, and yet not stick. Your Cooler might be properly insulated and yet it would be only fairly good if the doors leaked air. You can’t shut a door on edge tight, but what it will stick. To make a door that will open easily and still not leak air, was no easy thing to do, hut the Stevens Patent Adjustable Latcli has made this possible. It is in the adjusting screw or catch. All you have to do is to give it a turn, and you can have it a half inch loose or shut so tight you can’t raise the latch. This Latch works on the same principle as the Latch we put on the Stevens Cold Storage Door, now used the world over. The Stevens Coolers, on the inside, are all built of Odorless Wood—not a bit of wood is used that would taint the meats in the least. The Stevens Patent Insulation keeps the cold from going out and the heat from coming in through the walls; the Stevens Patent Latches shut the Doors perfectly tight and prevent waste; the Stevens Open Pan main¬ tains a Perfect Circulation, which keeps the box cool and dry at all times. These three things make the Stevens Cooler the Best in the World. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 15 On this and the following’ eight pages are given a few of the many letters we have received from those that are using Stevens Coolers. They will show you what you can do if you have a Stevens Open Pan Cooling Room with the Stevens Patent Insulation. PIONEER MARKET, ESTABLISHED IN 1S7A FRED BLAKE, Jr., Proprietor. BUTCHER AND CATTLE RANCHER. R&nch in Eastern Colorado. REC’DAUG 101 P. M, Hastings, Neb.,.. ...190/.... f (El. „ Coi J &-^sl.cLy the Road Healer—This needs tak¬ ing' care of just as much as the shop trade. The No. 1 Box will de¬ liver the meats, late in the day, as sweet and tasteful as when they first left the market. The same care is used in making’ this Box as in building- a Cooler for a Market. It is built plain but sub¬ stantial. The New Patent Insulation keeps the heat out and the cold in. The Stevens Patent Latches shut the doors and cover air tight. Box is furnished complete with two Ice Tanks, Hooks, Racks and Sliding* Shelf for cutting- the meats. Has Galvanized Iron Bottom, which can be taken out for cleaning. Before starting on the road all you have to do is to fill the two cans with ice (hold 20 pounds each), then add about 2 quarts of salt to each can. The salt melts the ice (i. e. drives out the cold), and as the cold can not go through the walls (they being insulated) it must go into the meats. Works on same principle as an ice cream freezer. No waste of salt, as the salt water can be used for brine. You can go all day, and as said before, bring home any unused stock in good condition. Measure over All.—34 inches wide across the front, 30 inches £ deep, 35i inches high. Weight 263 lbs. Price_4>2Q.OO NOTE.—We make and carry in stock a No. 2 Peddling Box, hut this Box is not intended to carry ice. Measure over All.—33 inches wide across ^ q the front, 30 inches deep, 30 inches high. Weight 118 lbs. Price 4*10.00 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO. OHIO. 45 Stevens Refrigerators. T HE REFRIGERATORS listed on the following pages are our regular stock Refrigerators. The designs given are those we have found best adapted for the Store, Hotel, Restaurant and Private Residence. But understand, if you do not find anything in our regular list that you think will be suited to your special needs, write us, giving a general idea of what you want, and we will send you Special Designs, Specifications, Etc. We are prepared to give you just what you want in the line of Refrigerators. ALL STEVENS REFRIGERATORS have heavy Galvanized Iron Lining in Ice Chamber ; the Provision Chamber is heavy Zinc Lined throughout—this lining, as well as that in the Ice Chamber is sol¬ dered at the joints so that the interior of a Stevens Refrigerator is perfectly air-tight and water-tight. This makes it impossible for any water to get through to the walls and affect the Insulation. Our ex¬ perience has shown, and we have been building Refrigerator Work of all kinds for more than twenty-five years, that for all practical purposes Zinc is the Best Lining that can be had for the Provision Chamber. We can show you Stevens Refrigerators that have been in constant use from fifteen to twenty-five years, and they are just as clean and as wholesome, and are doing just as good work, as the day they were set up. ALL STEVENS REFRIGERATORS have the Stevens Patent insu¬ lation. In fact we use it exclusively in Refrigerator work of all kinds. It keeps the cold in and the heat out—it saves ice, it maintains a uniform temperature inside. ALL STEVENS REFRIGERATORS have the Stevens Open Pan System. This is the only system that will give you a Perfect Circu¬ lation—the ice must be above. If the ice were in the center, it would make a nice picture, but a Poor Refrigerator. ALL STEVENS REFRIGERATORS are built on honor and are in¬ tended for service, rather than to compete with cheaply made Re¬ frigerators that are being put upon the market. 46 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens No. 27 Display Refrigerator. Has tlie Stevens Patent Insulation. PRICE $ 100.00 -fi? PRICE $ 100.00 •Pi? T HE No. 27 Refrigerator is a high grade piece of work throughout. It is built of Birch, Dark Mahogany Finish. It is well made, well finished, well trimmed. Has Best French Bevel Plate Mirrors on three sides of ice chamber ; double glass swinging doors in front and at each end of provision chamber—Lights in end doors are 21x40-| inches; lights in front doors are 17^x40-! inches. This makes an excellent box for the keeping and displaying of cut flowers, or for any other purpose where you want to show stock that is being cooled. This Refrigerator is heavy Zinc lined throughout. The shelves or racks are adjustable—they can be taken out for cleaning, and can be set at any height desired. The No. 27 is built sectional, it has the Stevens Patent Insulation and the Stevens Open Pan. Anyone wanting a very fine Cooler, as well as one that will give the best of service, Avill find it in this. 1 >131 ENSIGNS OVER ALE. Height, 7 feet 7 inches. Width, 5 feet, 7 inches. Depth, 3 feet 4 inches. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 47 Stevens No. 60 Grocers’ Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. PRICE $ 65.00 •PI? PRICE $ 65.00 iP'f' T HE No. 60 Refrigerator is especially adapted for Grocers’ use. It is an excellent box for keeping vegetables, butter, lard, eggs, etc. The capacity of the box is very large. There are double lights of glass in ends and front— end lights are 20x28 in., lights in doors are 15x28 in. This will permit of a good display of perishable articles. If you have never used a Display Refrig¬ erator, you have no idea how it will stimulate trade. One of our customers told us the other day, that his sales on Cottage Cheese alone had paid for his box already (and he has used his Refrigerator only one season). The No. 60 Refrigerator is built of Oak, is Zinc lined throughout. It is mounted on casters, which are not shown in illustration above. The lower apartment is for crocks and such as that. One-third of the upper apartment is intended for bottled milk. This Refrigerator lias the Stevens Open Pan System. DIMENSIONS OVER ALE. Height, 9 feet 2i inches. Width, 3 feet 11 inches. Depth, 2 feet 8 inches. 48 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens No. 90 Display Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. T HE No. 90 Refrigerator is especially adapted for Grocers’ use, being very complete for showing vegetables. You have no idea what a difference it will make in your sales. It is a Silent Salesman. It also makes a very fine Lunch Refrigerator for Restaurant and Saloon purposes. It is also well adapted for the keeping and displaying of cut flowers. It is a high grade piece of work throughout. Is made of Oak. Lined throughout with Zinc and Galvanized Iron. The doors to the Ice Chamber and the Display Compartment are in the back, and are provided with locks. The front and sides are of heavy glass—two thicknesses of glass with air space be¬ tween. There is plenty of room below for a large size receptacle for catching drip water. The No. DO Refrigerator lias the Stevens Open Pan System. Height, 7 feet 0 inches. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL, Width, 4 feet. Depth, 2 feet 9 inches. AVERY LIBRARY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY THE H. A. STE YENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. _49 Stevens No. 29 Display Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. PRICE $ 50.00 PRICE $ 50.00 D ESIGNED especially for Grocers, Restaurants, Etc..—anywhere you wish to show stock that is being cooled. Has double glass in all the doors to permit of plenty of show. It is lined throughout with Zinc and Galvanized Iron. Provision Chamber has three metal shelves, which can be taken out for cleaning. Made in Oak, Dark Golden Oak Finish. It has the Stevens Open Pan—tlie Circulation is Perfect, and the Refrigerator is Cool and Dry at all times. In fact all Stevens Refrigerators have the Ice Chamber above. If the ice were in the center it would make a nice picture, but a Poor Refrigerator. The ice would be in the wrong place. A circulation of air is necessary for Perfect Refrigeration, and this can be had only when you have the Stevens Open Pan System. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Height, 7 feet !H inches. Width, 3 feet 1 inch. Depth, 2 feet 4 inches. AVcrtY U3ftARY jfOLUMftlA UNIVERSITY 50 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens No. 20 Hotel and Restaurant Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Open Pan. PRICE $ 50.00 PRICE $ 50.00 T HE No. 20 Refrigerator is intended for Hotels, Restaurants, Groceries, Etc. The Provision Chamber has heavy Zinc lining throughout; Ice Chamber is lined with Galvanized Iron. This Refrigerator is made very substantial—it is made in two parts which join just above the large door, making it more convenient in moving through small doorways. The No. 20 has the Stevens Open Pan, and one thing can be depended on, it will do its work perfectly and with as small an expenditure of ice as possible. The doors and sides of Refrigerator are paneled and grained in imitation of Oak. This makes an excellent Refrigerator for a grocery store, the capacity being very large. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Height, 7 feet 4 inches. Width, 3 feet li inches. Depth, 2 feet 7 inches. _ the B. a. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 51 Stevens No. 77 Hotel and Restaurant Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. PRICE $ 70.00 F F PRICE $ 70.00 FF O UR No. 77 Refrigerator is designed especially for Hotel or Restaurant use. It is made of hard wood and is built for service. The illustration above gives general design and interior arrangement. The No. 77 is especially con¬ structed to be saving in ice. The Provision Chamber is divided by two upright partitions into three separate apartments—with this arrangement any part of the box can he gotten at without exposing the stock in the other two apartments. Besides this, the two outside apartments have two doors each, making it possible to get at any part without letting out any more cold than is really necessary. There is a small apartment above for keeping bottled goods, etc. This makes a very handsome Refrigerator, and one that will save ice and keep goods properly. The Provision Chambers are heavy Zinc lined throughout; the Ice Chamber is lined with heavy Galvanized Iron. This Refrigerator lias the Stevens Open Pan System. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Width, 4 feet. Height, t> feet 2 inches. Depth, 2 feet 4 inches. 52 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens No. 67 Hotel and Restaurant Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Open Pan. PRICE $ 50.00 » PRICE $ 50.00 T HIS Refrigerator is designed especially for Hotel and Restaurant use. It is also suitable for creameries, groceries or large families. The Provision Chamber is divided through the center by an upright partition into two separate apartments, making it possible to get at any part of the box without exposing the entire stock in the provision chamber. The two small doors on the one side can either one be opened to get whatever may be back of them ; the long door on the other side, when opened, still leaves the smaller door back of it closed over the lower half so that the cold air will not fall out, as it would if it were opened all the way down. The upper part of the box has, in addition to the ice chamber, a small bottle or provision chamber separated from it by open slat work. The Ice Chamber is lined with Galvanized Iron; the Provision Chamber with heavy Zinc. The shelves in the provision chamber are made of heavy Galvanized Iron. This is an excellent box for the purpose for which it is designed. It is made of hard wood, finished in the natural; is mounted on casters. It has the Stevens Open Pan. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Height, 6 feet 31 inches. Width, 3 feet 6 inches. Depth, 2 feet 5 inches. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 53 Stevens No. 57 House Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. O UR No. 57 House Refrigerator is built of hard wood, and is well made throughout. All our House Refrigerators, in fact, are built for service, and are not to be compared with the ordinary cheap refrigerators with hollow walls. The Stevens Patent Insulation will keep the cold in and the heat out. The Stevens Open Pan gives a Perfect Circulation of air—the circulation keeps the air in the Provision Chamber always dry and pure. The Stevens Refriger¬ ators will keep stock longer, and in better condition, and do the work with less ice than any other make on the market. The Provision Chamber has heavy Zinc lining throughout; the Ice Chamber is lined with Galvanized Iron. The lining both in the Provision Chamber and in the Ice Chamber is soldered at the joints, so that the inside of the Refrigerator is perfectly air-tight and water-tight. The shelves in the Provision Chamber are made of heavy Galvanized Iron. The shelving, ice pan, racks, etc., are all re¬ movable, so that the Refrigerator is very easy to clean. The No. 57 is mounted on casters, which are not shown in illustration. Ice Chamber holds 150 lbs. of ice. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Height, 4 feet 8 inches. Width, 3 feet 3 inches. Depth, 2 feet. 54 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens No. 47 House Refrigerator. Has the Stevens Patent Insulation. 4 ^ 4 ^ PRICE $ 18.00 PHICE $ 18.00 T HE Mo. 47 House Refrigerator is constructed the same as the No. 57, the only difference being that it is smaller in size. It is lined throughout with Zinc and Galvanized Iron. The shelves in the provision chamber are made of heavy Galvanized Iron. The entire inside can be taken out, so that the Refrig¬ erator is very easy to clean. There are double doors opening into the ice and provision chambers—this makes the entire space inside much handier to get at than in a single door refrigerator. Th is Refrigerator is made of Hard Wood and is well built throughout. With proper care it will last for years. The walls are insulated with the Stevens Patent Insulation—this keeps the cold in and the heat out. The metal lining on the in¬ side is perfectly air-tight, so that no water can get through to the Insulation or affect the walls. A Stevens Refrigerator will do just as good work in 10 or 20 years as the day it was built. It has the Stevens Open Pan System—the Circula¬ tion is perfect, and the air in the Provision Chamber is always Pure and Dry. The No. 47 is mounted on casters, which are not shown in illustration. Ice Chamber holds 100 lbs. of ice. Understand—The Stevens House Refrigerators are built to save ice and keep goods properly. They can lie depended on. You will not save anything by buy¬ ing the ordinary cheap refrigerator with hollow walls. They waste ice and keep the temperature high and uneven. DIMENSIONS OVER ALL. Height, 4 feet G inches. Width, 2 feet 10 inches. Depth, 1 foot 8 inches. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 55 Stevens No. 37 House Refrigerator, Has the Stevens Open Pan. PRICE $ 15.00 tlUmillllllllllllHIIIUIHI'H PRICE $ 15.00 O UR No. 37 House Refrigerator is intended for small families. It is built of Hard Wood, and is just as well made as any of our larger size refrigerators. It is lined on the inside with Zinc and Galvanized Iron. The lining both in the provision chamber and in the ice chamber is soldered at the joints, so that it is perfectly water-tight, making it impossible for any moisture to get through to the walls and affect the Insulation. The entire inside of the refrigerator, including the metal shelves in the pro¬ vision chamber, the ice pan, ice racks, etc., can be taken out, so that the refrig¬ erator is very easy to clean. The walls of the No. 37, as well as all our other refrigerators, are constructed on the same plan as our Cooler wall illustrated on page 10, the only difference is that the refrigerator walls are not as thick, being made from lighter lumber. The Stevens Patent Insulation makes the Stevens the Best Insulated Refrigerator in the World. Equally as important as the Insulation is the Circulation. It’s the only way you can purify the air in the provision chamber and keep it dry. You must have the ice chamber above, and you must have the Stevens Open Pan System—it’s the only way to get a Perfect Circulation of air. Understand, a Stevens Refrig¬ erator is not the cheapest, but it is the Best. The No. 37 is mounted on casters. Ice chamber holds 75 lbs. of ice. DIMENSIONS OVER AEE. Width, 2 feet 5 inches. Depth, 1 foot 8 inches. Height, 4 feet 3 inches. 56 THE B- A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Stevens’ Ice iSo No. 2 ICE BOX WITH SLIDING LIDS.— Made of Oak. 3 inch Walls. Insulated with the New Patent Insulation. Zinc lined throughout. Has four galvanized iron shelves-shelves are ar¬ ranged to slide so that you can get anything on the bottom of the box or on either the upper or lower shelves without disturb¬ ing the balance of the contents ot the box in the least. Inside measure—2 ft. 834 in. long, 1 ft. 734 in. wide, 1 ft. 1134 in. deep. Measure over all—3 ft. 4 34 in. long, 2 ft. 334 in. wide, 2 ft. 11 in. high. With Castors, Price Complete, $12.00 No. 3 ICE BOX WITH SLIDING LIDS.-Made of Oak. 3 inch Walls. Insulated with the New Patent Insulation. Zinc lined throughout. Has four galvanized iron shelves, arranged to slide so that you can get at any part of the box without disturbing the balance of the contents in the least. Inside measure— 3 ft. 434 in. long, 1 ft. 914 i n - wide, 2 ft. 1 in. deep. Measure over all—4 ft. 34 i n - long, 2 ft. 534 i Q - wide, 3 ft. 1 in. high. With Castors, Price Complete, $15.00 WITH SLIDING LIDS — = COST MOKE TO BUILD, BUT THEY Are Worth the Money Every Time. --WHY ?- First.—They can be set in places where a box with a hinged lid could not be used. Second. —As they have three sliding lids, only a part of the box need be opened at a time. Third.—They are easy to ice, stock and to clean, as the entire top will lift off. Fourth. —They are durable—nothing to break, no hinges to get out of repair. Fifth.— They save ice; hinged covers never shut tight. No. 9 ICE BOX WITH SLIDING LIDS.-Made of Oak. 3 inch Walls. Insulated with the New Patent Insulation. Zinc lined throughout. The ice goes in the center—removable wood racks on each side of the ice. Upper and lower wooden shelves at each end of the box. This Box is very large and roomy. For Groceries, Markets, Dairies, Ice Cream Purposes, Hotels Res¬ taurants, or any place that a large and complete Ice Box is needed this will be found the very thing. Inside measure— 5 ft. long, 2 ft. 3% in- wide, 2 ft. 434 in. deep. Measure over all—5 ft. 8 in. long, 3 ft. wide, 3 ft. 134 in. high Price.$27-00 No. II OYSTER BOX, SINGLE TANK.— This Box is same as No. 2 except that it is fitted with Single Tank for Oysters. With Castors, Price Complete, $15.00 No. 12 OYSTER BOX, DOUBLE TANK.— This Box is same as No. 3 except that it is fitted with Two Tanks for Oysters. With Castors, Price Complete, $21.00 No. 1 ICE BOX. Made of Oak. 3 inch Walls. Insu¬ lated with the New Patent Insulation. Zinc lined throughout. Has two galvan¬ ized iron sliding shelves. Inside measure —1 ft. 10 % in. long, 1 ft. ft- wide, 1 ft. 61^ in. deep. Measure over all—2 ft. in. long, 2 ft. % in. wide, 2 ft. 5 in. high. With Castors . Complete, $6.50 Made of Oak. Galvanized iron lined. Walls are 3 inches thick, are insulated with the New Patent Insulation. The Box is divided into five apartments by vertical wood racks ; each apart¬ ment has wood rack on bottom; racks are removable forcleaning. There is a 6 inch over-flow, the ice water generally being 6 inches deep ; in cleaning the water can be drained off by removing the rubber plug in the bottom. This makes an excellent box for Res¬ taurants, Hotels, Etc. Measure over all—6 ft. 3 in. long, 1 ft. 10 in. wide, 2 ft. 8 in. high. Price.$20.00 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 57 HOW TO BUILD A GOOD ICE HOUSE. This plan to build an Ice House, I published first in 188 O. I have sent out hundreds of them by request, and have taken care to find out if they were good and made a satisfactory house. No fault has been found, and they are evidently complete. I am so well satis¬ fied that I have not changed them in the least since the ones first issued. As the plans are gratis to every one, and given with the greatest pleasure, I ask this: If you build after my plan, use it all through ; do not make any changes, but do as the plan says. If not, have the kindness to not use it all. I want people to have a good Ice House, and know it will be good if it is built according to directions. I have been at a good deal of pains to get from one of the best informed ice men in the United States, his ideas, and give them as the best general informa¬ tion that can be had. In regard to location, have it, when possible, by itself—not in a hollow, or where water can run into it from a bank. Having selected this, prepare the bottom. If the soil is sandy or of a porous nature, it will need no drain ; but if not, great care should be taken to arrange for drainage. In an ordinary house, dig a trench through the center thirty inches wide and twelve inches deep. Fill this with loose stone to within three inches of the top, and slope all parts of the bottom to this drain. Then fill to the top with shavings and straw, covering over with loose boards. You will then have a perfect drain that will carry off all water and let in no air. The foundation is better of stone or brick ; if not, set posts in the ground to build on. Set posts 6 x 6 at the corners and every ten or twelve feet between, filling between these with 2x4 studding set flush with the outside. Put boarding on this ; on the boarding nail 2x4’s, putting the outside boarding on them. This makes an air space of four inches. Now set inside another set of 2x4 studding; which will leave a space of ten inches for filling; ceil between this and fill with sawdust or shavings. Be sure it is filled solid and dry. You now have the body of the Ice House. With an air space of four inches, and inside ten inches of filling, making a per¬ fect house that will not warm through. Have the in¬ side smooth so that the ice will settle and not catch. Make an ordinary truss roof. The roof should project at least two feet, and can be of shingles or boards. The loft inside, it is well to board over, as it stops all heat from the roof, Openings to the air should be as few as possible, and made to close tight. If you follow these directions you will have a per¬ fect house that will keep ice with a small percentage of loss. If a cheaper or poorer house is wanted, you can leave out the air space, and fill solid with shavings or sawdust, but filling should be 10 to 14 inches thick. Whitewash the house; it costs but little, and will make it last a great deal longer. In regard to filling: The usual way is to cut ice in blocks 22 inches square. If of even size, commence putting in on the edge, keeping three or four inches from the edge of the house. Set in your course. Use an ice adz and level the top, filling in the spaces. Now fill in between the house and the ice with sawdust, putting on other courses and doing the same. If the ice is cut in bad or irregular shape, lay flat, filling with pieces so as to make solid courses, The idea is to have the ice as compact as it can be put in. When done, fill on top with eight or ten inches of sawdust, and it is complete. In regard to the care of ice, do not neglect it. Be careful that the top is always covered. See that you do not get air holes through the sawdust, as that lets in the hot air and melts the ice fast. In regard to fil¬ ling for houses : When sawdust cannot be had you can use straw—rye or oat straw being the best; but there is hardly any place but with a little care through the summer, plenty of sawdust can be had. In regard to the size and capacity of houses: They will hold the following, for every foot in height, ice packed fairly solid, and to be well frozen : 14x20, five tons ; 14x25, six tons; 14x80, seven tons; 20x25, nine tons; 20x30, eleven tons; 20x40, fifteen tons. This is about the capacity of houses of this size for every foot in height. The waste for a small house is greater in proportion than for a large one. Handling ice after it is cut: When it is possible, it is the better way to build an incline from the highest point the ice is wanted in the house, to the water or ground ; if to the water, the lower end runs into the water. The incline should never be over 45 ° , as it would be too steep to work with safety. The run-way should be about 25 inches wide in the clear, and ten inches deep, the bottom made of slats so that small pieces can drop through. On one side build a foot walk with railing for the use of the one handling the ice grapple. Have openings in the incline large enough to let the cakes of ice through, and inclines from these on different levels into the house. Build all this fairly strong; brace it well so that it will stay to place. Fasten a “Top Gin” block in the upper part of the ice house far enough inside so that the ice will be pulled clear in ; on the ground fasten a “Lower Gin” block, use rope % to 1 inch in diameter, attach to one end a team of horses, run the other end through the block on the ground, from there through the up¬ per block and down the incline, and fasten it to the “Jack Grapple.” In operating this, from one to five cakes, or whatever the horses can pull, are started from the bottom with the “Jack Grapple.” The man in charge of the Grapple going up the walk to steady it. When it has delivered its load he walks back carrying the Grapple with him, the man on the ground backing up the horses and bringing with him the slack rope. The ice is let through the first opening in the incline and run into the house. When the house is full to this opening, close it, and run the ice in on the next. If no incline is used, raise the ice with a pair of hoisting tongs. When ice is loaded from a pond onto a wagon, many build platforms the height of the wagon bed, making an incline from this to the water, and hoisting the ice to it the same as in the ice house. When there is nothing of this kind to get the ice from the water, take a hardwood board 10 to 12 inches wide, 1 % to 2 inches thick, and 10 to 12 feet long, at the bottom end put on each side an angle iron )^x 2 inches. Let this stick up 10 to 12 inches. About two feet from the center, bolt a six foot 2 x 8 piece directly across ; this is for handles for each side. Place the lower end under the ice in the water, and two men to operate it will draw out ice very fast. TOOLS FOR CUTTING AND STORING OF ICE. The important tiling- in harvesting- an ice crop is how to cut it. For years the ice compan¬ ies and large consumers could aff ord to use the ice plow, but they were too expensive to be used by those wanting to cut a small quantity. Those using but little ice had to cut it with saws and axes, and get it as best they could." This was a slow and expensive way, and what was still worse, cut in such uneven shape that it would not store well, and the waste was so great that in many cases 50 to 75 per cent, of it was lost in the keeping. The keeping of ice depends upon the care in storing. If the pieces be irregular, they cannot be packed solid, and the Avaste will be \ery great, no matter how much care is taken in the packing. To keep ice well it must be packed close and solid, which can only be done by cutting the cakes uniform. 58 THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. Something About the Present State of Cold Storage. -.— — I s§s - ■ : N 1875, there was not a Cold Storage in existance that was doing what thousands are now doing all over the world. Those that are not conversant can have no idea of the millions invested in buildings and machinery. The manufacture of ice is connected in many cases, but there are no end of plants that only make cold air for cooling purposes. All hot countries are putting in. The English during the South African war kept meat for their soldiers in that way. Meat was brought frozen in ships and kept in cold storage until wanted. South American and Australian meats are frozen, put into cold storage, carried in freezing temperature on ships to port, and there goes in¬ to cold storage until wanted for use. Our American meats the same way. In this country you might say the surplus stock of perishable goods is car¬ ried in cold storage warehouses. Understand this is all machine storage. Temperatures are below freezing if wanted. While ice will not make a temperature within 5 to 10 degrees of freezing, it is still used extensively, and is on the increase. Power is expensive to op¬ erate machine storage—it’s a steady pull of sixteen to twenty-four hours a day. A small plant even requires a good man, then there is fuel, repairs and interest, all count, where if it is possible to use natural ice, you can fill the house in the winter for a small sum. If built and insulated the best way, has proper doors, all these things, it don’t take much ice to run it, and your winter filling will last through. If not, refill. All this costs but little, and there is no care at all, while a machine is expensive and a constant care. The machine storage is all right and one of the great improvements of the age, but in many cases natural ice is the best to use. We can give you infor¬ mation in regard to machine storage, cost of machinery to operate, all the details, but if you can use natural ice, do so. The following pages will give you an idea what it will do, and how you might do it. _NOTE__ With Better Insulation and Better Doors, consumption of Ice can be Lessened 10 to 15 Per Cent. IF INTERESTED, WRITE IJS. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 59 Cold Storage, Its Operation and What it Will Do. Cold Storage or Good Refrigerat¬ ing, depends entirely upon circulation and a clean, pure dry and fairly cold air. A person knowing nothing about the workings of Cold Storage will bear in mind that the colder air is the heavier and falls to the bottom, while the warm air, being the lighter, rises and goes up to the ice, is purified and sent down again through the pan, thus making a com¬ plete circulation. The more perfect this pro¬ cess, the better the storage. This is why the ice is put overhead; and I am at a loss to un¬ derstand how it is possible to get a perfect circulation by placing ice at ends, sides or in the middle of the room. It does not seem reasonable and is not possible to have a good Cold Storage in this way. If it were right, then the proper place to warm a room with a fire is to set stove on a platform 4 to 6 feet from floor. If you want it for cooling only, or want to use it a few days at a time, some¬ thing of this kind would answer; but if you want it to keep and to depend on, you will have to put the ice above, where it belongs. How Much Ice Costs. —If you have a room 20x40 feet inside, with a 9 ft. provision or storage chamber, the ice chamber would hold for every foot in height 16 tons of ice. With fair care in using, that is, not to leave the door open more than is needed, to have ante-rooms over all openings and to keep the water trap tight and in order, you could empty and fill the provision chamber several times in the season; in fact, have it in con- stand use. 12 feet of ice, or 190 tons, would run it, and 10 feet would perhaps do. Some use 8, 9 and 10 ft. ice chambers. Many old users prefer a lower ice room and fill from their ice houses as wanted. If the intention be to fill it in the winter, 12 feet of good ice, well packed in a room built under my direc¬ tions, will do an immense amount of work. After the ice is once in, there is nothing to do only to regulate the temperature occasionally as the season changes. One advantage in the Open Pan is this: As long as you have any ice, the cold comes down regularly, while in rooms with tight pans, as the ice melts away the cold decreases. You could have a tight pan room with 12 feet of ice, and when three- quarters of it was gone, there would be no ef¬ fect from the quarter left at all. You would have to fill it again. I give these points; you can rely on them. I am the largest builder of Cold Storage and Cooling Rooms using natu¬ ral ice in this country, and if you want the best Cold Storage made I can give it to you. I shall be glad to give any information. I can furnish complete working plans for any car¬ penter to build or change over any building. Supposing your building was ready, say it was 20x40; the pan would come to you in perhaps 14 pieces. Carpenters could put it and the racks in plac in a short time. You would need a tinn- for a day to fit the strips over seams and ' meet pipes and traps. The in. tention is U. do all this work as complete as possible and send materials for the balance, so there will be no trouble in finishing it. What Cold Storage Will Do. Eggs Candled —That is, sorted, so as to be good when put in, can be kept from Spring until Fall, or Fall until Spring. They sell in New York generally at 2 to 4 cents lower than strictly fresh eggs. Butter Packed in tubs, ready for mar¬ ket, can be kept for any indefinite time, say 6 to 12 months. Meats —They will keep sweet a long time. You can put into a Cold Storage room tough, hard beef, and after tw@ or three weeks it would be much more tender and palatable. Apples —Can be packed in barrels, put in in the Fall, and comes out in good condition as late as April or May. Oranges and Lemons —Will keep good, but they should enter into consumption as soon as taken out. Berries, Peaches, Pears, Plums —And all of the finer and more delicately flavored fruits, can be kept in good shape in outward appearance, but if kept too long, will lose their fine flavor. Refrigerating is a Process that Ar¬ rests and stops decay for the time it is being refrigerated, remember that; but as soon as the food is taken out of the Cold Storage, the regular process goes on the same as it would if the article had never been kept, only in a greater degree. For instance, fruits, such as apples, oranges, or anything of the kind, will mature or ripen somewhat, and that is the reason why they will not keep long after ex¬ posure. The same thing applies to anything put in. Decay is one of nature’s laws. Good Cold Storage arrests it almost wholly for the time, but as soon as taken out it goes forward again. I am careful to give these points as they cover all that possibly can be done by Cold Storage; but to do this it has to be perfect. THE B. A. ST EVEN S CO., TOL EDO, OHIO. Sectional View of Cold Storage Building. This Building* lias the Stevens Open Pan System. T HE above illustration represents a side view of a 30x50 Cold Storage Building built some years ago. Will give a general idea of how it’s done, showing Foundations, Storage Room, Ice Chamber, Stevens Open Pan, Etc. (See Pajre 12 for detailed construction of Stevens Open Pan.) THE B. A. STEVEJYS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 61 COLD STORAGE BUILDINGS. A N entirely new building can of course be placed anywhere. Many are built upon corners, where they are handy to get at, both from sides and the rear. In that case they are very convenient to fill with ice. A good plan is to make the building some larger than is required for the stor¬ age. For instance, a cold storage building 20x50 feet would be better if 60 or 65 feet long ; 50 feet would be used for cold storage, the balance as a packing, sorting, shipping, ante-room or office, the second story of which can be used for storing empty boxes and barrels, and can be built of light material, even including the foundation. When it is not convenient to do this, put up a one story building next to the cold storage entrance, as it is better to have the outside air cut off from direct communication with the cold storage chamber. This will make a consider¬ able saving in ice. Almost any kind of a building can be changed over so that it can be utilized as a Cold Storage. It only requires that it shall be high enough for the provision chamber, and the ice capacity above it. For instance, if it is a two story building, and there is 16 feet from the top of the sills to the top of the rafter plates, it can be easily changed over, giving 1\ feet for storage and 7 feet for ice. If this was used for eggs, and only filled and emptied twice during the season, the 7 feet of ice would probably run it. But if the ice ran low it would be necessary to partly refill it. In the Cold Storage Building illustrated on the opposite page, the ice chamber is 12 feet high,—this was originally intended to be filled with ice at the beginning of the season, but the later practice is, not to put in at once the whole amount of ice required for the season, but only part of it, and fill in on top as it settles. What We Furnish in Cold Storage Work. First —Full working plans, if for a new building, from foundation up ; and if for an old building that is to be changed over, full plans for the change. Second —All the material that the ice rest upon; the joists covered with metal; the ice racks that the ice lays on ; the up and down racks that keep the ice away from the wall; the water table over these ; all pipes, troughs, etc., for carry¬ ing off waste water, and, in fact, everything that supports and keeps the ice in place. It is shipped, all ready to put to place. The Stevens Open Pan System is the only system that will give you a Perfect Circulation of Air. Third —The Cold Storage Boors and Frames, all ready to slip to place. The Doors are hung and have all the trimmings on—this leaves the carpenter the very plainest work to do. A Cold Storage Building generally requires one large door and twe ice doors, one above the other, so that the ice chamber can be opened up the full height for filling. Fourth —The Windows and Frames, all ready to put to place. The windows are made with two lights of glass with air space between. From two to four windows are generally needed to let in light to provision chamber. THE B. A. STEVENS CO., TOLEDO, OHIO. 62 Stevens Patent “Shut-Tight” Zero Doors. For Cold Storage Buildings. Only Door Made That Shuts Tight On Hinge Edge. No Air-Leak To Keep The Temperature High And Uneven. **** HAS THE STEVENS PATENT INSULATION. Thickness of Door, 5A Inches. SEND FOR SPECIAL CATALOGUE © © g £jd •M 3 © © © © h ~ .0 m a} © . t H k © £ ^ X 4 - ? ^ w P 0) © V 4- *m O £ ^ H i|LJjL"!J«U5iJS! mm - uj *§s&rl EyUJP___^o-ijyb jfflt nur' : |f ! | § ^ * 11 i ll ill 'jutil! 9Bp»^ * I GALLON •#’ 111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 111111111111111111111111 1111111111111II1111 Mill imiiii linn B.A. Stevens TOLEDO,OHIO. I * + STE.VENS’N°I + EXTERIOR VARNISH FOR OUTSIDE WORK I GALLON 111 :n m 11 • 1111111111111 1111 ii 111111111111111111 1111111111111111111 & 1111 n mu in n 1111 ii 111111 n 11 in .mm B.A. Stevens T0LED0.0HI0. m No. 1 Japan Varnish. (For Inside Work.) Stevens’ No 1 Cooler Varnish. (For Inside Work.) We have used this Varnish for years. We use it on Coolers, Counters, Racks, Etc..—all work that don’t have to be rubbed down and stays inside. !4 Gallon . $1.35 I Gallon. 2.65 Stevens’ No. 1 Exterior Varnish (For Outside Work.) This is a No. 1 article for refinishing Counters, Racks, etc., that need washing occasionally: also for anything that is ex¬ posed to the weather, such as wagons, buggies, peddling boxes, plows, etc. % Gallon.$1.55 I Gallon.. . 3.00 This is a Special Varnish—put up by the same makers as the No. 1 Cooler Varnish —We don’t use it, but it is a better varnish than the small dealers can afford to keep. It is for inside work only. V. Gallon. $0.90 I Gallon ... 1.75 BRUSHES. No. 75-8. No. 103-2. These Brushes are same as we have used for years. Nothing cheap or shoddy about them. Are A-No. 1 goods. They will cost you 25 per cent, more at any hardware store or paint shop. No. 75-8—Black Taper Oval Brush-For staining, painting, varnishing, shellacing, etc. Extra long bristle (3% in.) ; very soft and fine; metal bound ; chisel point. Price ..each, $1.25 No. 75-6—Black Taper Oval Brush —Same as 75-8 only size smaller. 3% in. bristle. Price.each, $1.05 No. 103-2 — Flat Varnish Brush —For varnishing, painting, etc. White French bristle ; chisel point; 2 in. wide ; 2% in. bristle. Price .each, 55c No. 104-2 — Flat Varnish Brush —For varnishing, painting, etc. (Same style as No. 103-2). Black Chinese bristle ; chisel point; metal bound ; 2 in. wide ; 2% in. bristle. Price ... .each, 35c Brush for Swipe. Price . each, 75c Price p \ . • * * 0 •• f AVERY LIBRARY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY i \ \ « %