i 
 
 5]SlSlSl5]JB15TSlSlSlM^ra 
 
 DIAGRAMS 
 
 TO AOCOMPANV 
 
 REV. ME HEWSON'S WORK 
 
 "THi (MEEK AND HEBREW SORIPTUEES, ETC." 
 
 " Thou, Lord, wilt pve thy blessing unto the righteous | and with thy favourable 
 kindness wilt thou defend him, c» vMi a ^AteUL^^^Psalm v, 13. 
 
 The Shield-Dial of the AncientSy from one discovered in the Bums of HermUmmmf <md 
 copied from cm Enpraving in tJie British Cyclopmdm hy F, A. H. 
 
 Righteousness more trustworthy thau the spl^ier's armour, as having the promise of 
 eternal peace confirmed by God's ordinances of day and ;ij£!l»t~ € . 
 
 sisnsisiBisisi 
 
ILLUSTRATIONS OF TRACTS 
 
 ON THE 
 
 4}REEK-EGIYPTIAN SUN-DIAL, WITH SEVEN STEPS, ETC. : 
 
 BEING THE 
 
 SECOND AND THIRD SERIES OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 FOR 
 
 TRACTS ON CHEISTIANITT IN ITS RELATION TO 
 JUDAISM AND HEATHENISM, ETC. ETC. 
 
 'BY THE LATE 
 
 REV. WILLIAM IIEWSON, M.A. 
 
 VICAR OF GOATHLAND.. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 SIMPKIN & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT ; SEELEYS, FLEET STREET ; HATCHARD, PICCADILLY 
 NISBET, BERNEBS STREET. WHITBY: HORJTE & SON. WIGTON : M'MECHAN. 
 
 EDINBURGH : W. OLIPHANT & CO. ; ANDREW ELLIOT. 
 
 1 8 7 0. 
 
THE OLD YEAR OF 3 SEAS ON S COM PAR LD WITH THE MONTH 0F3WEEKS 
 
 FROM A SCULPTURX 1 N T H E LO U V R C, AT P A R I S 
 
LES HEURES OU LES SAISONS 
 
 ILITHYES OU PARpUES 
 
 CONTINUATION OF THE DESIGNS ONTHE B E FO R E M E NTI 0 N E D SCULPTURE 
 
OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA LONDINENSIS, 
 
 Comparing the weekly Lycle of nine days (as that of the Eomans in the days of Horace), with the Solar 
 
 Cycle of 12 X 30 ^ 360 days. 
 
 ThiSj compared with the week of seven days, represents the combat between the three Horatii against 
 the three Curiatii as a conflict between the Nodes of ascending and descending light, until leaving, from 
 the week of nine days, only six to the Planets and one to the ScN. 
 
Symbolising the relation of the Circle to the Square; as " the Islcmd" of the Mysteries, ivitk a strong Ooor ana 
 
 quadrUateral inclomre,*^ 
 
 Compare Faber's Origin of Idolatry, vol. ii, p. 167, with the /our-fxiTTO^ed indo^nre sacred to Mars, whi^rh Jason 
 ploughed with fire-breathing bulls, and sowed with dragon*s teeth. — ApoUonius Rhxliv^^ lib. iii, y. 13-^4 13*58. The 
 Cycle of the Solar year in its relation to their diurnal arc, on the east and west dialling of the ancients. 
 
V oluml) a 
 
 N 0 A C H 1 
 
 A R A iiix dp r TIV^ 
 
 The days of the week are here given to the aigns of the zodiac as on the Indian zodiac in the Encyclopedia Londimnsis, which seemingly refers to the oldest solar year of 
 fchree seasons in its relation to their east and west dialling. For that gave the western hemisphere to the north, /or the zenith of the di<d^ and the eastern hemisphere to the south, 
 for its nadir; when the north was given to Chd, and the sovih {as a draught houses 2 Kings x, 29, in the dragon symbolism for the nodes — compared with the late Bmperor of 
 iJbuMt'a Jos), to the lower regions of this typic^ instruction respecting the true light of man's life in God, as revealed under a mystery of godliness {i.c,, ucKier a mystery of th© 
 divine j-nd human nature combined in Clhrist). 
 
Diagram for the Oldest Year of three Smsons, ouud the dAvisio)i of Hie Ewrth to 
 
 the three Sons of Noah^ 
 
 I The Sun beginning his diurnal arc, ami M^eekly circuit of nine days, from Jupiter, 
 as then turning from his third western gate to rise in his third eastern gate with 
 Hercules, for the beginning of his twdre labours, descending from between his 
 Nodes. 
 
 The East and West DiaLlvng of the Orientals. 
 
 This harmonises the Egyptian and Hindu zodiacs with the relation of the Noah's 
 ark symbolism to that of the 144 children of the light and of the day, as typically 
 numbered by thousands over Israel — Rev. vu^ xiv. 
 
 Compare also its relation to the divisicm of the whole earth between the thn&e sons 
 of Noali after the flood. 
 
 The prime vertical of the dial is here supposed to pass through Ur of the Chaldees. 
 
EAST AND WEST FACES OF 
 
 The Hindu Zodiac for the week of eight days, beginning from Jupiter (or 
 between Thursday and Friday), given to the morning hours of an East Dial for 
 N'^ lat. 25", on the east face of the Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 
 The relation of the square to the circle in this figure forms the basis of a 
 typical comparison between the old year of three seasons and ours of four 
 ^ftasons. Thus the inner and symmetrical square of Professor Piazzi Smyth 
 proves the source of the metaphor under which the New Jerusalem is spoken of 
 in Bevelations — as the city of Qod'a kingdom of light— coming down from 
 heaven "/ow aquare." 
 
 GREEK-EGYPTIAN' DIAL WITH STEPS. 
 
 The Hindu Zodiac for the week of nine days (whence ours of seven days, 
 as 7 X 40 symbolised to the old lunar year of 10 x 28 days), given to L 
 ^temoon hours of a West Dial for N. lat. 25", on the west face of the Greek- 
 Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 
 The relation of the square to the circle (which obviously forms the basis 
 of this dialling) will, I hope, tend to confirm that idea of a typical design in 
 the Pyramid building which Professor Piazzi Smyth seems to have traced 
 astronomically. 
 
IX 
 
 The Equator and Earth's Axis, as marked above, refer to the shaded outline of the Hollow Dial with Steps. But 
 Ferguson's Quadrant Card Dial places Earth's Axis, and base of the Trigon, on the hour of VI. ^ giving that of XII. to the 
 Equator, It will be necessary to bear this in mind, when adjusting the plumb-line on the Card Dial to the day of the month 
 on the Analemma, which is rightly placed on the hour of VI. 
 
The Symbolic Structure of the (.Treat Pyramid, rompared with that of 
 
 tlie (Ireek-Eiryptian Dial with "^teps. 
 
Typical relation of the Alexaudrine Dial to the 
 Quadrant of the Meridian Section of the Great Pyramid, 
 as drawn with the Equatorial line at 60°, by Professor C. Piazzi 
 Smyth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland. 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 
 
XII 
 
 The Greek Egyptian Dial, with Steps, in its probable relation to a Typical Design in the Pyramid 
 Building. Compare with, this Symbolism the Metaphor of Rev. xii. 1, xix. 17, as contrasting the 
 Advent of the Sun of Righteousness with a darkening of the Heavens of the then dominant Idolatry 
 of Baalism. 
 
XIII 
 
XIY 
 
 The Typical Structure of the Great Pyramid, as a Symbolism from the East and West Dialling of the 
 Ancient Orientals ; also for the Full Moon between her nodes, when lying north and south. See " Col- 
 man's Hindu Mythology.*' 
 
 Compare Luke xii, 52, on the house of five divided against itself, as by the typical worshippers of 
 God, according to the law of His Sabbaths, against the idolators and their cycle of five years. 
 
THE PYRAMID SYMBOLISM 
 
 Adapted to the structure of the Alexandiine or Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps (considered as an 
 Upper Inclined East Dial for N. lat. 65, with angle of inclination 30°), on the scale of the model made 
 from the original by Mr A. Hayes of the British Musuem, 
 
XVI! 
 
 THE DIAGKAM REFERRED TO IN CONCLUDING REMARKS, 
 
 Compare the squares described about the three small circles on the steps, with the three 
 small Pyramids between the same parallels in the plain of Ghizeh. 
 
Fig. 1. — Quadrant of the Great Pyramid, with the three small Pyramids (of which the central one is that of Cheops' daughter) on its eastern side. 
 This forms a symbolism for the diurnal arc on an East and West Dial (compared with the Quadrant Dial of the Egyptians), given to the Moon between her nodes. 
 
 Fig, 2. — ^The thii^d Pyramid, or that of Mycerinus, with other three small Pyramids between the same parallels, on its southern front. 
 
 This forms a smybolism for the diurnal arc of an East and West (compared with a Horizontal) Dial, given to the Moon between her nodes. As to " the head and tail of 
 the dragon," by which the Orientals meant the intersection of two circles, — viz., that of the Ecliptic by the Moon's orbit, — see Blundevil, as quoted in page 5 of my Notes on 
 APHOPHIS. (Compare the penthouse roof, with its doichle apex, in the symbolic idol of Subhadra, between her two brothers, Juggarnath and Bala Rama, as copied from Coleman's 
 Hindu-Mythology.) These symbolisms show how the Orientals anciently divided the week of seven Jays, between ascending and descending light, to the diurnal arc of ten hours, on 
 the steps of their ancient dialling with steps, as may be seen in the structure of the Alexandrine or Greek Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 
 A 
 
Mr George Thurnell's problem, respect- 
 ing the measurement of the Great Pyramid, 
 applied to the structure of the Greek 
 Egyptian Dial, with steps, on its eastern 
 face. 
 
 Asychis, who built the east entrance of 
 the Temple of Vulcan, raised the Isle of 
 Elho (by contributions of earth from ^ all 
 wayfarers), as an Asylum for himself lq the 
 marshes — to which he fled during the 
 usurpation of Sabacus (the Ethiopian, or 
 Crocodile god), for tifty years. 
 
 This asylum was not found out by any 
 of the kings of Egypt who followed him, 
 for 700 years, until Amasis the Last, viz., 
 until the cycle of the year was complete ; 
 360 days and 360 nights measured 720 
 half degrees on the equinoctial ; and 20 on 
 the line of half tangents are as 10 on that 
 of tangents. 
 
 Thus on their Quadrant Dial they seem 
 to have thrown 10** out for 80**, to the life 
 of APHOPHIS. 
 
 Tb© Bymbolic design of the Pyramid builders, traced from tbe measurements recorded by Herodotus. 
 
 800 to Cheops, for an equilateral and 
 equiangular Pyramid, with slopiiig height 
 for the f^^o^wou^ equal to its base. 
 
 The other Pyramids are measured by 
 isosceles, not by equilateral triangles. 
 
 For Chephren's, with angle of 56° at 
 the base, we thus have two sides of 760 
 feet. 
 
 For that of Mycerinus, two sides of 
 280 with angle of 50° at the base. 
 
 For that of Cheops' daughter, two sides 
 of 150°, also with angle of 50° at the 
 base. 
 
 as twice 45-f)0 
 
 1 1. Ac\ fAAt at wMch it stood lower down) for the two sides of Chephren's 
 
But if Herodotus meant to say that each triangular face had a sloping side equal to its breadth of base, the form would be that of an 
 
 equilateral and equiangular triangle, and the measurements for these two Pyramids would stand thus : — 
 
 The relation of the Pyramid of Cheops, and his reign of fifty years (with that of Ohephren and his reign of fifty-six years), to the equmoctial 
 of the Greek-Egyptian Dial, as a hollow quadrant dial. 
 
 Thus the hill on which these two Pyramids were built seems to have symbolised a quadrant of the meridian. Upon such a supposition, we 
 readify perceive a meaning answering to the form of the subjoined diagram. In the words of Herodotus, that the Pyramid of Chephren was built 
 forty feet lower down on the same MU of one hundred feet high; and was to some extent (or proportionately) less in size. 
 
 PYRAMiD OF CHIPHREN 
 
 PYRAMID Of MYCiRItrUS 
 
 380 TO i BASE 
 
 ASi OF 7S0. 
 
 180 TO i BASE 
 
 BY CALCULATIOti 
 THE TWO SlOP//iG 
 SIDES BEING ONLY GIVEN. 
 
 PYRAMID OF CHEOPS' DAUGHTER 
 
 96^ TO i BASE 
 BY CALCOLATION 
 THE TWOSLOPINC 
 SIDES BEING ONLY GIVEN 
 
THE TYPICAL FEATURES OP THE EXODUS, 
 Illustrated by the Structure of the Alexandrine or Greek-Egyptian Dial. 
 
Diallijtg Ulxtstralioiv of Qhe^ 40 yexn-s 
 DAY of Temp tdtioiv iih Ulc Wilderitess . 
 
 DAY of JSgjp tian s 
 
 SyriLboljLzed. to Winter Trcptc 
 <xs OiA^ TH OTH.OT heqhtnjLjiL} of thdrYe^ar 
 
XXIil 
 
 JtescmJy of HERCULES ijito HADES 
 
>< 
 
 X 
 
XXY 
 
 NINEVEH a great City 
 of three day;; journey viz 
 3x40-120°to its semidiurnal arc. 
 It was also Four Square viz 4x60-240. 
 on the Diurnal Arc of its Summer Day 
 
 S % 
 
 2 X 50°, numbered on the front of the Dial, for 
 two Divine Ages in the 100 years of Brahma's 
 life. , 
 
 oO°, given to the fifty 
 sons of Egyptus, as reign- 
 ing in the morning hours 
 of the Ea&t Dial. 
 
 50**, given to the fifty 
 daughters of Danaus, as 
 reigning in the post meridian 
 hours of the West Dial. 
 
 ^L. /<>? 
 
 KB.— 4 X 60 = 12 X 20 = 240.- 
 
 4 X 84 = 12 X 28.- 
 
 4 X 90 = 12 X 30, as 3 x 120.- 
 
 -For ff)ur cydes of OSIRIS, in the eight months of the Summer 
 season, when numbering 8 X 30, instead of 8 x 27 = 216 
 dayS; to the reign of the eight oldest gods of E„ypt. 
 
 -For the earliest cycle of the twelve gods who followed the previcms 
 eight, and whose reign numbered four cycles of Melius. 
 
 -For the old Chaldean solar j^ear of thiee seasons, divided to the 
 reigns of PAN, HERCULES, and BACCHUS, by the 
 Egyptians. 
 
The Diurnal Arc ou au East and West Dial, variously symbolised to the signs ot the Zodiac : 
 
 1st. — As returning Eastward from the North, according to Enoch's astronomy. 
 
 2d.— As returning Westward from the North. This brings ^ to the right of the Solstitial 
 Colure, as in EzekieFs Vision of Prophecy respecting heaven as God's throne, cap. i, v. 10. 
 Compare Jonah iv. 11, for the 120,000 souls in NINEVEH, too ignorant to discern between 
 their right hand and their left. 
 
XXVII 
 
B 'XstbSv ^xai% s.nng oq^^ 'Avpsamu^ jqao t{:^uoj 9tt^^ pxra 'XBps8np9^ joao papua^^xe ^^moJT^) pjn{:]i eqx *>< tii nng 
 <4 noT<^TSoddo s^nooj^ eqi^ jo dOB^d 9q^^ pe^-enraue'^ SiC-ep u9A98 jo ^^moJTo puooas Q^J^ 'BTi%uoTn puB s3j99Ai jo nosLred 
 
 taoa B no 'iC'Bps9iij^ joj Sa, QV^Jiimin Pinoiii :^mojio ijsjtf ©q^^ *( mojj pjiq?^ sb) ©AienpuT K mo;g pj'B^ti^^nos J^q^^99o^ 
 
 qjoj (^U9A nooj^ ^ws ung ©qf^ n9qA 9on9H o06 ^^'^ n« iCq p9jnffB9ni q»«9 9a9As. ei^p u9A9S jo sq.mojio j^anj 9B9qj, 
 
 •X*Bpiii(^'8g puB i-BpTjj JOJ 9i^'BS paoo9s 0% pJTq:^ 9q(^ uiojj ©Sa'eqo XT^^un 's^-ep n9A98 jo s^^raojio J9q(jo 
 JOj osjnoo SmuBA joq jo Surantggq 9q:^ etb /;/n/?» uoifisoddo s^uooj^ oy^ p9p909ud yotyai 'sdvp u^a^s fo s^mouio uvmi] om 
 
 n do/ '9%'^ ^J9^JCT9 pdty^ s.xmg 9q^^ taoV'p^waiv^wo* J9q(^9Soc^ q^^oj gnioS nooj^ pu^ ung 9qi jo iioi^duosap s^qooug; jo^ 
 
 XXVdi 
 
 1 
 
 g a, 
 
 I ^ 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 EH 8 
 •3 
 
 O cn 
 •ci 
 
 d) o 
 
 fl3 
 
 05 a; 
 
 CO 
 
 TO Q 
 CD 
 
 a 
 
 0? 
 
 a 
 
 (=1 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 1 PJz; i-Sl^^ 1^-5 
 
 C 00 
 
 S II 
 
 / / . ■ h 
 
 • . f O dentals the Equinoctial points were placed midway in and 
 In the Tropical or Quadrant Dialling ^f;^;" ,,^;:rl:idway1n v,. Thi. is the form followed by modem 
 . as by the Egyptians when placing the 1 hoth J ^^^^ 
 
 (y* to ^< 
 
The days oi wotjit, wiih. the n )aiB of day and nightj as nnmbeped to the nim.t^c^ m BlundeviFc * book of 
 the Sphere / p. 373 ; ia a lorm to Hjiij^trafce the relation of the screi* parallel >i'>ur-liae« on thy fc^te^js t^; the 
 twcivfe radiating honr-linaR on the carved part of the iivKi:^dni.e Dial .p*^^ 
 
 Sunday. 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 Saturday! 
 
 From the sixth to the ninUi hotar, on tliia mode dialling, i7.c?int from Uelve at noon to three p.m., or 
 the time of evening prayer. 
 
 This, therefore, memjs from noon for <ixo rest of the day, which ia the cp^e with tho enn's ftliadow on th^' 
 East DiaL 
 
XXX 
 
 CONSTRUCTION OF A HOLLOW DIAL, 
 
 Representing two Sextants of the Equinoctial, for N. lat. 54° ; and subtended bj Seven Steps, analogous in 
 form to the Egyptian Dial with Steps, brought from Alesandria, and now in the British Museum. 
 
FERGUSON'S KITE-SHAPED PORTABLE DIAL ON CARD; 
 Combined with an East Side-view of a Dial with Steps for VV^hitbj (saj N. Lat. 54°) ; Modelled after the 
 Greek Egyptian Dial with Steps, brought from Alexandria; and now in the British Museum. 
 
DIRECTIONS FOR USING THE PORTABLE CARD DIAL. 
 
 {From Ferguson's Lectures^ p, 207.) 
 
 " The lines ad, ah, and h c, of the Gnomonj must be cut quite through the card ; and as the end a 6 of the Gnomon 
 is raised occasionallj above the plane of the Dial^ it turns upon the uncut line c as on a hinge. 
 
 ''The line dotted A B (viz., that dividing between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres on the Analemma, 
 W. H.), must be slit quite through the card, and the thread C. must be put through the slit, and have a knot tied 
 behind to keep it from being easily drawn out. On the other end of this thread is a small plummet D, and on the 
 middle of it a small bead for showing the hour of the day. 
 
 '' To rectify this Dial, set the thread in the slit right against the day of the month,* and stretch the thread from the 
 day of the month over the angular point where the curve lines meet at XIL ; then shift the bead to that point on the 
 thread, and the Dial will be rectified. 
 
 '' To find the hour of the day, raise the Gnomon, no matter how much or how little (the object being merely to 
 identify the actual shadow with the horizontality of the shadow line, W. II.), and hold the edge of the Dial next the 
 Gnomon towards the sun, so as the uppermost edge of the shadow of the Gnomon may just cover the shadow line; and 
 the bead then playing freely on the face of the Dial by the weight of the plummet, will show the time of day among 
 the hour lines, as it is forenoon or afternoon. 
 
 " To find the time of sun-rising and setting, move the thread amongst the hour lines until it covers some one of 
 them, or lies parallel betwixt any two, and then it will cut the time of sun -rising among the forenoon hours, and of 
 sun^setting among the afternoon hours, for that day of the year to which the thread is set in the scale of months. 
 
 '' To find the sun's declination, stretch the thread from the day of the month over the angular point at XIL, and it 
 will cut the sun s declination, as it is north or south, for that day in the proper scale. 
 
 '' To find on what days the sun enters the signs, wdien the bead, as above rectified, moves along any of the curve 
 lines which have the signs of the zodiac marked upora them, the sun enters those signs on the days pointed out by the 
 thread in the scale of the months." 
 
 * This can only be done approximately on a small scale. The divisions of 10 days are reduced to those of 5 by the dots 
 between the linear divisions of 3 times 10 for each month. The rest must be done ideally. 
 
07' (l7?C/7t (^\>7- 
 
lae Jlorological Value of the Parallel Lines on the Steps of the Greek-Egyptian 
 Dial, found at Alexandria, were ascertained to demonstration, by com- 
 parison with the Upper Inclined East Dialling of Bedos de Celles, also 
 with the Portable Meridian and Calendarium of the Ham Dial 
 
 iV.S.— Mr E. Sang of Edinburgh 
 has one of the two models made for me 
 by Mr A. Hayes of the British Museum ; 
 from which, I presume, the conclusions 
 here taken for granted m-Ay be refuted 
 or confirmed by those beUer qualified 
 than myself to expn-bs any decided 
 opinion on the soundness of the con- 
 clusion at which I havt arrived. 
 
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ALEXANDRINE OR GREEK EGYPTIAN DIAL, WITH STEPS, RECONSIDERED 
 GNOMONICALLY, ALSO THAP OF ANOTHER VERY CURIOUS SUN-DIAL IN THE SHAPE OF A HAM, 
 
 The Ham-Dial seemingly has a Calendar thereon. The 30 (or 5x6) divisions seem to number six cycles of 5 days to each 
 lunation of 30 days. But whether numerals or not^ the markings are illegible. Three, however, may be identified, on the supposition 
 of its being a West Dial with Earth's axis on the hour-line of Six ; for the equinoctial points must be brought under the brass meridiait 
 and the solstitial points given to the east and west horizon of the Celestial Globe ; for a reckoning of the diurnal arc as beginning at> 
 XII. o'cloekj whether mid-night or mid-day. But the calendaring will hold good for an East and West, or Polar Equinocti.tl Dial, witfi 
 Earth'** axis on the hour-line of XII., as represented below. 
 
 Ancient Sitn-dial, No. 1568, in Knight ^ 
 " Gallery of Arts. 
 
 witli lioolc shaped Gnomon 
 
 Horizontal line for base of 
 
 & its seTnidioirnal ARC of 120. 
 
 tlie Dial 
 
 * Compare the beginning of the diurnal arc from VIRGO, with the words of Ovid : Jam redit et VIRGO, redeunt SATURNIA 
 repia." Also the starting of the Argonauts ai evening, when sailing from West to East to bring back the golden fleece ; associating, 
 as the ancients did, each renewal of the diurnal are with the sunset of the previous day. Note also, in the week of 9 days each 
 diurnal arc was m^ured by 40 degrees on the circle. This was associated with the division of years and lunations into 3 parts 
 only, an arrangement preserved by the idolators after the re-institution of the Sabbatic ordinance by Moses ; for under that, 
 year^ and lunations were thenceforth to be typically divided into 4 part8,-™fiub8tituting 4 X 7 = 28, for 3 X 9 = 27, or 
 3 X 10 == 30 —to penyduate o typM memm-ial of ihe primeval Sabbath. When the 8 gods reined in Egypt (for the weekly and 
 montMy cycle' of 8 was id^latrously substituted by Jeroboam, Kings xii. 32, for the Jewish Feast of Tabernac4e8 in the seventh 
 month) the diurnal arc measured 45^ for 8 X 45 = 360. In this cycle no account wa^ taken of Sunday; but m Noah's week 
 of 9 days out of which the week of 7 days arose (by omitting the 2 numbered to the NODES of ascendmg and descending light) 
 Sunday characterised the first day of the week, or day following the Sabbath ; as under the typical dispensation of Moses to th-^ 
 Jews in redemption from bondage, to the idolatrous worship of the Egyptians, Sunday marked the beginning, and the Sabbath the 
 close of typical time. Hence thr relation of tiie Seventh Seal, the Seventh Trumpet, and the Seventh Vial (m the Apocalyptic Vision) 
 to the close of the Mosaic or typical dispensation ; assimilated to the ingathering of the vintage, at the close of the Jewish Ihrre^t 
 reason, with the seventh month of their typical time 
 
XXXY 
 
The Typical Structure of the Greek-Egyptain Dial with Steps, self-explained upon a front 
 view, so as to mark the relation of the lowest curve to the Equinoctial. 
 
 SUNDAY 
 MONDAY 
 TUESDAY 
 WEDNESDAY^ 
 rnURSDAY 
 FRIDAY 
 SATURDAY 
 
 The centre from which to draw the uppermost curve of this Dial is the centre of the little 
 citde on the Steps. 
 
Front view of a Dial witli Steps for N. lat. 54°, from a model made after the Greek-Egyptian 
 Dial with Steps, brought from Alexandria, and now in the British Musuem. 
 
West face of the Alexandrine Dial with Steps ; aSj seemingly, the face to which the 
 ( ^alendarium on the Steps applies. 
 
 Compare this Calendarium (as given thus to the Suii's north declination) with the statue 
 of '2 J cubits high, which iihampsinitus erected to Summer, at the west entrance of the 
 Temple of Vulcan. He also erected another of the same dimensions, and in the same place, to 
 Winter. 
 
 But Divine offerings were made only to that of Summer , that of Winter being held in no 
 Imnour at all. 
 
West face of a Dial with Steps for N. lat. 54, from a model of the Alexandrine, or Greek- 
 Egyptian Dial with Steps ; the typical object and structure of which are here assumed to be 
 now clearly ascertained. 
 
Law of tlio steps subtending the curved part of the Alaxandrine or Greek-Egyptian Dial, with steps, as 
 adapting to the Tetarton (or East and West Dialling of the Egyptians) the semicircular dialling of the 
 Chaldaeans, which Berosus invented by kollowmg it out of a squme^ wnd inclinwig it to the IcUiivde. The square 
 was seemingly formed on a chord of 120**, /br a circular aiwJb^^ betufeen the year of three 8€a3ons and the year of 
 four seasons. 
 
 This is clearly capable of a variable adaptation from the 6 x 10 = 60 on the side steps (2 Kings xx, 8-12) 
 to 7 X 8 + 4 = 80 ; 7 x 9 = 63 ; 7 x 10 =: 70 ; 7 X 12 = 84 ; and 7 X 15 = 105, for N. Lat. 30^ 
 
 It appears, from the above analysis of the construction, that the front steps divided the quadrant of 90°, on 
 the Une of sines, into 6 times 10^ leaving 30^ to tlie top step. 
 
 It also raises a presumption that the three small pyramids between the same paraUel hnes, and clo.e together 
 at Ghizeh, as above, did represent the same typical design as the steps of this dial. 
 
This puts out 7° from the Equinoctial, on both sides, for the top 
 steps, leaving the Quadrant of 90, reduced to the 83 years' reign of 
 Helius, for 7 X 12 = 84, compared with 6x15 = 90. 
 
 KB.— 180, less 2 x 20 or 40, give 140, for the semi-lunar arc of 
 280, to the front of the Dial. 
 
XLII 
 
 The Steps of the Alexandrine or Greek-Egjrptian Dial, measured in their relation to 
 the semi equinoctial of the Dial, by way of tracing more exactly the typical and 
 horological value of the Symbolism. 
 
 Xhe Steps, for a Dial with Steps in N. lat. 54^, imitating that of Greek-Egyptian construc- 
 tion brought from Alexandria, and now in the British Museum. 
 
XLUI 
 
 Relation of the Steps to tlie , Equinoctial, for a 
 Dialling with Steps in N. Lat. 5^"", like that of the 
 Ancient Orientals, 
 
XLIV 
 
 Imitation of the Egyptian Dial with Steps, for N. kt 64**— from a model tried in the Sun, with a satisfactory 
 result— for numbering seven planetary hours of Enoch (viz. 7 x 20° = 10 X W or U0«) to the day of ten hours, 
 on a Polar Eciuinoctial Dial (Compare the top of this symbolism with the canopy to the shrine for Subhadra, 
 between Juggamath and Bala Rama.) 
 
 Cutting off 40* from the Equinoctial — by the four-square symbolism — for the 100 years' life of Brahmah, we 
 have, northward and southward, the Divine agcf of 10 times 5 degrees of the Equinoctial read as 7 times 7 on the 
 steps, and reckoned as days, for a harmony between the Jewish feast of weeks atid the Divine age in the typical 
 
 chronology of their heathen neighbours. 
 
 Similarly, the steps might be made to compare 10 weeks of 7 days with 7 weeks of ten days. The former of 
 these was Enoch's celebrated span of typical and prophetic time. 
 
XLV 
 
 The Hindu ZodiAC for the week of nine days, as 9 x 40 = 360, on the Equinoctial, reduced (by the symbolism 
 for the four-square City of Light, or the new Jeruwdem within the Equinoctial) to nine hours of Enoch, as hours of 
 20^ or 80 minutes to an h w. These represent the diurnal half of the Equinoctial, as given to the 18 Ethiopians of 
 Herodotus, for 18 X 20* = SeO**. 
 
 This typical Dialling gave the Western Horizon to North lat for an astronomical reckoning of the day from 
 noon to midnight, on an erect direct West Dial in North lat. It seems to be, in this sense, that the primeval day of 
 Jewish tradition was said to have begun " at evening time^' viz,, as the Sun was turning from East to West. {See 
 Zech. xiv. 7, and (Jen, L H.) This symbolism answers to that in Ezekiel's prophetic vision of heaven as God's 
 throne (chap. i. 10) ; for it places the zodiacal sign ** Leo to the right of the meridian^ whereas the idolatrous wor- 
 shippers of the rising sun, on an erect direct East Dial, would place " Taurus *' on the right of the meridian. Hence, 
 I ^pect, that the ignorance of the Ninevites, in not being able to discern between their right hand and their left, 
 Jonah iv. 11, had respect to an idolatrous deviation from the Jewish typical symbolism, which would place " Leo " 
 on the right of the meridian^ in its Dialling notice of typical and prophetic time. This, moreover, explains the 
 meaning of Ezek, viii. 16, as referring to 25 idolatrous worshippers of the rising sun, within the typical sanctuary of 
 Mosaic ordinance. For that placed the Holy of Holies at the west end, and the altar to the north-east of the 
 porch. The worshippers of the rising sun, from an altar thus situated, must of necessity, in turning their faces to 
 the East, have stood with their backs towards the most holy place, imtead of tvorahipping towards ity as required by 
 thcf^T typical law. The 25 idolatora seem numbered to the 25** of the then zodiacal angle. 
 
West Side of a Dial for N. Lat. 54°, constructed like the 
 Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 
 Eartli's Axis for Hie 
 luclined Dial 
 
 ofliyit or 
 
 50 
 
Relation of the Steps to the Equinoctial for £t 
 Dialling with Steps in N. Lai 54*=*, like that of the * 
 Ancient Greek- Eg}^tian for N. Lat, 30 \ 
 
XLIX 
 
An Upper East Dial inclined at 50*^, with elevation of the 
 Pole at 25°, as a declining vertical for lat. 65°, with a declina- 
 tion of 60°, to illustrate the struoture of the Alexandrine Dial 
 by imitating that of Bedos de Celes, inclined at 47° 15', with 
 elevation of the Pole at 48°. 
 
An upper-inclined East Dial for N. lat. 65, with inclination of 45**, constracted after the rule 
 of Bedos de Oeles, for an explanation of the Alexandrine Dial, on the supposition of its not being a 
 South Vertical, but an East and West Dial. 
 
Harmmy of the Egyptian and Hind/ti Zodiacs in their relation to the structwre and object of the Greek-Egyptian l>iaL with steps ; 
 €T their Dialling of the Ptolemaic era, as a combination of their South 'vertical with the East and West Dialling. This was 
 probably derived from the Dial of A haz, as a Dial with steps. 
 
 b9 cR. 1% =^ TTL 
 
 JoLy M%\ist Sept? Octf JfovT Decf 
 
 i^.-B. — To 120® 4- 210* add (for the hour govng out on the East cmd WeM Dtut of fJie Orientals, and therefore to be reckonbd a>s 
 hm h/ywrs on^ their Equinootial Dial), and we hare, the year of eleven maDths- or 330 day^s, converted into the old CHaideiiii Solair year 
 of 360 days. 
 
The MYErricA. VAmras Baochi, 
 
 or Mystic Fan of Baochiis— proving the symbolic connection which exists between the structure of the 
 ancient Greek-l^yptian Dial, with steps, and the astronomical design of the Great Pyramid^ aa 
 explained, by Professor 0. PiAzzi Sictth, Astronomer Royal for Scotland. 
 
 The Noah's Ark symbolism i^bove is that for a South 
 7ertical, or rather East and West Dial, with the Western 
 Hemisphere farfng the South, as numbered to our days of the 
 week on the Hindu Zodiac of I'he Encyclopedia Londimnsis, thus 
 
 Sixxidxvr-tothx/ O-Trtdaq Terau ^ 
 
 / ' ' 1 ' 1 
 
 jzr / U / T 
 
 ^ \ ' *5w \7:f \%\ 
 
 
 TScOmv, Satwrdicujr. Dmgoni Tofly \^\^ 
 
 / ^9 / ^ 1 Trie 
 
 ' — / — i" — t— , — f ,1 1 ) 1 
 
 L — 1 1 1- \ » i — \ 
 
 The reversed order of the signs on the E^ptian Zodiac of Tentyra, is that followed by 
 ourselves in the Trigone used for inserting the signs of the Zodiac on our Dials It gives 
 the left hand comer to the South, and therefore represents the signs of the Eaatem 
 Hemisphere on the &ce of a South Vertical Dial, thus 
 
 
 
 
 
 jr 
 
 69 
 
 rs 
 
 
 ■rru 
 
 
 
 
 The Ediptic in this form is spanned by the image of Osiris, as that of the colossal 
 image of four metals seen by Nebuchadnezzar in his dream; on the Egyptian Zodiac of 
 Tentyra. 
 
r 
 
 An. EoM & West QuaMraj^z Died, for JV. Lot. 
 
 * The XII. "1 hour, or the meridian, and plane of the prime vertical, taken for fte HORIZON, or dividing line between east and 
 west longitude ; as the Ancient Egyptians divided their country to the east iwid west by the Nile, and as the Jews similarly divided the 
 Holy Land by i.he Jordan. 
 
 Compare the Egyptian tradition, that Ehampsinitus erected at the West Entrance of the Temple of Vulcan two statues of twenty-five 
 cubits in height, — ^the one to Summer, and the other to Winter, — with the quadrant stature of the Mithras d'Arles, for the semi-diurnal 
 arc between morning and noon, or from noon to sunset. 
 
Air EttsI and Wcsl Qoadraat Did for N. Lat 54^, somgaxtA viUi ^ Sfcractnre of the Alexandtine Of al, jmd wtth &e Cidendariam 
 of tile Hindu Zk)diac for the week 9 days. T^s mdnced to 7 (safastttotiiig 4 X 7 for 3 X S oaya cumthfy) by <Hziiitiiig the 
 twu numbered ta the Nod^ and spmhdised to Dragon whu^ midrdm MITHRAS ; vis., fimr^^\t\g Ncde to thd Oragcm's Head, 
 i^ud Ui^ desci;;nding Node to the Dragon's TaS; the ajaalidk Ongon bcsng Hydra^ tifliog «n £00, cm the celestial gjobe. Hence the 
 ^yiiibaic Mithras has a lion's Thna, 00 ^ ahkid of ffertuUa^ Henod (r, 162)^ tolb m there wore 12 dngom* heads i&t 1^ 
 
 s^censions of hizaur light in year of 12 menliiiA. 
 
 HITHBAiS DARIiBS 
 
This Diagram differs from all others on the same aubjoct, by takiii^^ for th(? centre tif the outermost circle tbo 
 east and west hornings of the Dial (in their relation to the base of the trigou for the side step^), instead of the 
 supposed relation of the Equinoctial to another form of central Gnomon, as implied in the models which substitute 
 an inclined for a horizontal top. 
 
 Equinoctial hours compared with th(»se of Blackies Portable Mendian, 
 on the scale of my last constructed Dial for N. Lar, 54°, in imitation of the 
 Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 The law of the relation betweeti the hours of the Equinoctial and of thf inclined meridian on a Folpr Dial 
 With Steps, SBems to be 3 0 hours of 15° to an hour (for half the old lunar year of 300 days, as that of the Noah^s 
 Ark Symbolism, for the year of three seasons), compared with U hours of 10- to an hour (or half the old lunar year 
 of 280, as that of the Sabbatarians). Thus the ancient Orientals, in their typical dialling with steps, seem to 
 have divided the angle of 25^ as given by them to the Sun's north declination, as we do that of 23^ to the quadrant 
 of 90^ twice numbered over the diurnal arc, as over the summer half of the year in our north latitude. 
 
 The parallel lines on the front steps sub divide thi,s semi^equinoctial of 180 into twice 7 x 10 = 70; leavinj; 
 out twice 20, for the 40 given to the Culminating Sun for Sunday, instead of 60 to OSlllIS by the idolatois. 
 
ALL THE TYPICAL TIMES OF ANCIENT JEWISH PROPHECY NUMBEEED UPON A WEST DIAL FOR 
 
 N. LAT. 25^ COMPARED WITH THE STRUCTURE OF THE GREEK EGYPTIAN DIAL WITH LYII 
 STEPS, BROUGHT FROM ALEXANDRIA AND NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 
 
 The 390 limited over the kingdom of the ten tribes symbolized 
 Westward to Ephraim (Nu^. ii. 18, with Ezek. iv.); aa thus given to the 
 lunar year of ten month% and on the Quadrant Dial. 
 
 For 300 + 90 give 390 in this form, as 3(30 + 90 make up the 450 
 years numbered over the rei«:n of Osiris. 
 
 But the 390 of Ezek. iv. 5, may be also numbered as the month of the 
 predicted cutting off^ with anniversary reference. Thus 360 + 30 = 390. 
 
 The lunar year of 10 x 27 = 9 X 30 is here numbered on the West Dial, aa the week of nine days reduced to 
 one of seven, numbered to the seven planetary hours as hours of 20*^, or 80 minutes, viz., as the hours of Enoch, 
 For ^ of 20*^ = 70, and 2 x 70 = 140, or ^ the lunar year of 280 days. The 2300 of Dan. viii, 14 represent 
 six years, four months, twenty days, or six anniversaries of the winter season, to one season of seven typical months 
 in the Sabbath of seven years, for confirming the covenant with many. Thus, 2520 = 2 X 1260 dayS, or six year^ 
 four months, twenty days + seven months, ten days. 
 
THE ECCLESIASTICAL YEAR OF CHEISTIANS, IN ITS RELATION TO THE PRE-EXISTING DIVISIONS Of TIME INTO 
 
 DAYS OF SACRED AND SECULAR ACCOUNT, BY BOTH JEWS AND HEATHEN. 
 
 Calendarium for the weekly cycle of seven days in which Saturn reigned, compared with the cycle of Jupiter, or the weekly cycle of five days- By the reigns of 
 Saturn and Jupiter, in their respective cycles, we are to understand that the severUh day of the week was dedicated to Saturn, when the jifth was dedicated to 
 Jupiter. Thus five Sabbatarian cycles of 70 were as seven of 50, when comparing the postdiluvian lunar year of 350 with the six cycles of OSIBIS, or 6 x 60 
 numbered to the old Chaldean solar year of 360 days. 
 
 The weeks of the ecclesiastical year, as numbered in some of the collects in our Book of Common Prayer, give evidence of their Roman origin ; for the ancietit 
 Roman missals once numbered six collects to ike month of Advent, — a season probably limited to one month, with typical refe*'ence to the month of ZecL xL 8, and 
 Hoaea v. 7. 
 
 lu the old Roman week of nine days, the Wednesdays and Fridays were days of religious account, and once had separate collects, epistles, and gospels for the 
 month of Advent. {See Shepherd, on the Book of Common Prayer, vol. ii., p. 36.) 
 
 The names of Septuagesima, Sexagesima, Quinquagesima, and Quadragesima Sundays, show that the collects for those days were framed at a time when the 
 70 days between Septuagesima and Easter Sunday were thus limited to number ten weeks of seven days, as seven of ten days. 
 
 The triangular symbol of the Trinity, within the four-square City of Light (having the hour circle with its radiating hour-lines for their common centre) serves 
 te expliiin what the Hindus meant by their central mountain of gold, on the zodiac for the week of 9 x 40° = 360° 
 
 From the comparison of the two Hindu zodiacs here made, it is clear that the ancient Orientals numbered the morning hours on their East Dial to the Sun, as 
 thm descending eastward from north to south. {See Enoch, cap. Ixxi. v. 8.) 
 
 The afternoon hours they numbered on their West Dial, for light ascendin;^ from south to north, westvmrd to tJie God who gave U. 
 
 The four symbols of Ezek i. 
 V. 10, were numbered to the 
 four Evangelists by the early 
 Christian diurch, thus : — 
 
 1. St Matthew, The Angel, or 
 
 human form* 
 
 2. St Mark, The lion. 
 
 3. St Luke, The Ox. 
 
 4. St John, The Eagle. 
 
 This they assimilated to the spirit of man, going 
 upward in natural death to €k>d ; contrasted with that 
 of the beast, as going downward^ or having no renewed 
 identity with the body of its past lifej as that ordained 
 over man for the resarrectio& of the dead to judgment 
 (Bodes. ziL 7). 
 
 The Cyde of the Ecclesias- 
 tical YeoT^ 
 160 days from Trin. Sun. to Ad 
 vent. 
 
 28 or 4 X 7 to Advent. 
 
 The 28 to Advent increased 
 by 4 X 28= 112, gives 140 
 for half the lunar year of 
 280, substituted for the 300 
 of the Noah's Ark Symbolism. 
 
 To the 140 days thus 
 numbered, add the 70 from 
 Septuagesima Sunday to 
 Easter Day, and we have (in 
 contrast to the 150** for the 
 winter season) 210 da) s 
 measured by ^10° on the 
 eqtdnoctial, for a typical com- 
 parison between the arc of 
 the summer day of 14 hours 
 in N. lat 30**, and the Jewish 
 typical year of seven months^ 
 to spring4ime and harvest^ ct»- 
 concluded hff ike irhgaihervng 
 of the harvest iai the seven^ 
 month (Exod. xxiii. 16). 
 
 7 To Christmas week, and the 
 Raven symbol for descending 
 light. 
 
 49 or 7 X 7, nearly as the 10x5 
 of the idolaters for Epi- 
 phany. 
 
 30 From Septuagesima to Quadr ^ 
 ragesima Sunday. / 
 
 40 To Lent, for five Egyptian r 
 <^es of eight days. \ 
 
 These 30 and 40 together 
 make upon the Hebrew cycle 
 of 70, as 7 weeks of 10 days, 
 or 10 weeks of 7 days. 
 
 49 or 7 X 7 to the Pentecost, 
 7 to Whitsun- week, and tlie 
 Pentecostal Dovk 
 
 X 
 09 
 
 The old Chaldean 
 solar year of 
 
 360 days. 
 
 NOACHI 
 
The Typical Structure of the Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps, in Explanation of the Curves;. 
 
 1st and Uppermost Curve cuts off from the Equinootml 2 X 150 — 300 for 10 x 30 days. 
 
 or 2 X 135 - 270 for 10 X 27 days. 
 2.1 and Middle Curve cuts off 2 x K r> or U x 15^ nearly as 12 x 18°. 
 
 3d and Lowest Curve cuts off j 10 X 14 ~ 140 for Inlf of 280 or 10 X 2S da^s. 
 
 2 X 84 to Helius, re- [ or 144 for 12 X 12 in-tead of 10 X 14. 
 
 ducible to, . . . ' or 120 as 12 X 1 ) - 8 x 15. 
 
CORRECTED MODE OF COMPARING THE FRONT AND SIDE MEASUREMENTS 
 
 OF A DIAL WITH STEPS, 
 For N. Lat. 54°, in Imitation of the Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps, brought from Alexandria. 
 
 10 X 27 days, from the entrance of the Sun into Pisces to his exit from Scorpio, give nine old 
 Chaldean months of thirty days to the first of tenth month; whence we date the forty days of Noah's 
 waiting, before he sent forth from his Ark the Raven and the Dove. 
 
 Thus that symbulistn stands identified with the THOTH, or beginning of the old Egyptian year, from 
 the full moon in Capricorn. 
 
 Note, also, that the lunar year of ten months, reckoned at twenty-seven days each, from 1® in x to 
 30*' in HI' symbolised the beginning and end of typical and prophetic time to Vishnu's ten Avataras, as 
 beginning from the Sun in Pisces, and ending with Scorpio ; even as the death of Hercules (supposed to 
 be the Bala-Rama of the Hindus) proceeded from the poisoned blood of^Hydra. 
 
5 X 5 = 25 to the zodiacal angle of 
 the Sud's north declination-. 
 
 Add 10° for the height of the ECing's 
 Chamber. 
 
 Thus we have 36°, or 6 x 7, for a 
 eomUnaticHi of the old solar c;cle of 5 
 with the lunar cycle of 7. 
 
 Also, 10 X 35 = 350, or 7 Divine 
 ages of 60, leaving 10° to the Island of 
 Elbo, the refuge of Asychis in the 
 marshes, daring the 50 yeais' nsoipation 
 of Sabacus the Ethiopian. 
 
 THE INTEEIOR CHAMBERS OF THE GREAT PYRAMID, 
 From tfee Large Scale Plan of Colonel HowAED Vm, compared with the Typical Structure of the Greek-Egj'ptian 
 Dial with Steps, brought from Alexandria, and now in the British Museum, 
 
 CoES^are the 27 holes in the ramp or ascent of the grand gallery, with the 
 old iMtar month of three times nine, equal 27 days." Note also that the top 
 of the horizontal p.<issage, fron- the queen's chamber, measures, 74 lengths of that 
 chamber, from its outer wall to the point at which it meets the ramp or 
 ascending passage, to the king's chamber. But the depressed horizontal (which 
 extends under that chamber) measures only a quarter of the whole Une. The grand 
 gallery, however, is longer than that portion of the ramp which numbers 27 holes 
 therein. When the whole is divided into six equal parts, it looks obviously like 
 a design to compare the proportions of 6 X 6=30, and 3 X 9=27 days, as differing 
 measurements oftheir monthly cycle. 
 
 Note also, that when the whole length of the grand gallery is (bus divided into 
 six equal pa-ts, its l«»jgth, up to the open' portcullis, measures exactly six times 
 its height; but that iiie^Wes ttit hour angle of 15° from the equinoctial, 
 divided irtto seven parts, as <m the side steps of the Alexandrine Dial. Again, 
 6 X 15* = 90°, as the symbtdism was intended to compare together, typically, 
 hours and days, and months and years, in common with the weekly cycle of 
 seven days, on the Quadrant Dial of Egyptian origin. 
 
 The flooring of the king and queen's chambers being equal in breadth, if one 
 represents a-^y unit of measurement, the other must correspond. Suppose it to be 
 a day to 1° on the equinoctial ; then the height of 10° makes it represent the 
 golden age of ten days to a Divine age of 5 X 5 or 25 days. But the central 
 height of the queen's chamber is as the rectangular height of the sides in the 
 king's chamber. This therefore is 10°, which, multiplied by seven, according to 
 its number of aides, gi-es 70, --or the typical cycle of Jacob's famUy when going 
 down into Egypt. If, again, we multiply these 7u by 5 (for the chambers of 
 construction o^er the king's chamber) we have 350 for the length of the lunar 
 year, as increased by 50 ciays after the flood. 
 
 But this house of 5 x 70 was divided, two against three and three against two, 
 when 2 X 70 = 140 and 3 x 70 = 210 (as times of typical and prophetic import 
 with the Jews), ceased to convey v> the Jewish mind any instructive memorial 
 respecting the Sabbatic ordinance of Gad. For that was designed to remind them 
 of His harvest mercies and their obligations, not as the memorial of any dead 
 superstition connected with an idolatrous ohfiervance of typical and prophetic 
 time. 
 
 Its place near the coffin of Osiris, by the Nadir of the Dial, 
 typically points to the renewable sources of light and water as the 
 two great fertilisers of the earth ; whilst the Porphyry coffer (or 
 standard wheat measnre, according to Professor Piazzi Smyth) is 
 placed in the king's chamber, towards the Sun's north declination, 
 for a symbol of Gkxi's harvest mercies, as commencing about the 
 vernal equinox, and culminating (in E^ypt) before the Tetnm the 
 flood season, at about 17° in OB. 
 
LIST OF QUARTO ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 PAET L 
 
 A descriptive list of the first 38 will be found in the tract immediately following p, G3, 
 
 39, Stands as Ist of three, designed for friends at the British Musenm. This is an explanation of the Greek-Egyptian 
 Dial's structure, accompanied by a perspective representation of it as photographed in front, and on its west side, from 
 the Model exhibited at Paris. 
 
 ^0. As 2d of the three for the British Museimi. This illustrates the seven steps of the Greek-Egyptian Dial from the 
 
 seven Dwipas of the ancient Hindu Philosophy, 
 4-1. As 3d and last of do. This divides the Equinoctial to a year of three seasons, represented by the three Avasthanas, 
 
 or r/reat divisions, numbering 27 asterisms in the philosophy of the ancient Hindus. By a metaphor from this, the 
 
 most ancient division of their VEDA (or sacred book) numbered only iJine parts. Its division into fonr parts 
 
 followed that of the Equinoctial to a year of 28 asterisms of 10^ each, supplemented by 80 to Hydra^ ty2)ically 
 
 measuring the NODAL life of the Egyptian APHOPHIS, Uj two daya of 40 each. 
 
 To the above the following nine were added for the binding in 1SG8 ; though not enumerated in the above 
 
 mentioned list, which was printed long before the then binding of half-dozen coj ies, \\hich stamped the state of 
 
 progress at the Grosmont Confirmation in the April of 1868. 
 42-4rj. Differing Modifications of the East and West Quadrant Dial, in its typical relation to the Mythic History ot 
 
 Jason and Medea. 
 
 43. Ditto, compared with the Dragon symbolism of the Ancient Orientals, for the Moon's Nodes. 
 
 44. The Jambu Dwij^a of the ancient Hindu Dialling Geography. 
 
 45. The Symbolic trees of Life and Knowledge. 
 
 40. Vishnu on his Porpoise, as Arion on his Dolphin. 
 
 47. Charon, in his Argonautic ferry boat ; copied from a photograph of Spanish armoury, with allegorical designs of 
 ancient history embossed thereon. 
 
 The collection in the British Museum amounts, I believe, to 92. 
 The above complete the illustrations of PAPT I. which terminates with page 104 of these Dialling tracts. 
 
 PAET 11. 
 
 1. The Hieroglyphic Frontispiece, with symbols of Assyrian and Egyptian origin. 
 
 2. The " Winged Disc," or Seraphic emblem of the ancient Egyptians, for the Meridian of their East and West typical 
 
 Dialling. From Dr S. Birch's Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum. 
 
 3. Egyptian Hieroglyphics, from a fragment of an Obelisk at Pome. From No. 3 to 5 (/;) inclusive associates this stage 
 
 of the thought with a visit to Cambridge in July 18G8 ; whilst 5 (6) commemorates a visit to the Deed's Exhibition 
 and Far-Heading]y in the October following. 
 
4. The Structure of tlie Grcek^ Egyptian Dial delineated as that of a direct South Dial by the late J. B. Smales, Esq,, of 
 
 St John's CollegCj Cambridge. 
 5 (a) Ancient American Cross, from " Stephen's Central America," skctclicd by tlie late J. B. SmaleSj Esq, 
 5 (b) Christian and Phoenician symbols for the Cross with tlie mortuary emblems of heathen Home, and a Mithraic 
 
 emblem^ from a IslS.y exliibitcd at Leeds, as belonging to the late Emperor Theodore of Abyssinia. 
 G. Heathen notions of the crucifixion, associated with the CHiristian d(Ktnne of the resurrection, and the fruit of the tree 
 
 of life restored to man in Christ. /SVe JI('})ay's contributions from Home to the ''Art Journal." 
 
 7. The " eye of Providence," amongst the syml)ols on the Planisphere of Tentyra, given to that on the prow of a Chinese 
 
 Junk. It is here grouped with the symbols of the old Egyj)tian Planisphere, as Noah^s ark is with those on our 
 own celestial globe ; to mark the probable origin of the typical structure given to the ships of Tarshish, and to the 
 sacred ships of the Egyptians, Greeks, and other Orientals, as derived from their traditions respecting Noah's ark. 
 aV^c also Plate XVI. 
 
 8. Diagram to illustrate the relation of Israel's midnight darkness in Egypt, to the 40 years of wandering in the wilder 
 
 ness by which it was followed, before being led northward by Joshua, i7ifo the land of IsrdeVs promised rest. This 
 was thus symbolised as the rest of a i:>mpU ccdled children of light and of the day^ in contrast to the people of an 
 outer world, symbolised as remaining in darkness and the shadow of death, after the Exodus of Israel out of Egypt. 
 The consummation of that Exodus hting reserved for J osJtua^ the type of Christy man's SUN OF EIGHTEOUS- 
 NESS (after a wandering in the wilderness sovthimrd for 40 years under the guidance of Mose.b and Aaron), was thus 
 symbolised to the Sun's North Declination \ as to ascending light eastward going north from the Vernal Equinox, 
 for the summer season. 
 
 9. Professor Smyth's vertical section of the great Pyramid, etc. 
 
 10. The Varshas and Mountains of the earth, spanned by the Lotus symbolism for the earth, on a Quadrant of the Equi- 
 noctial, for a measure of the week of 9 days, to the diurnal arc of their east and west typical dialling, in the philo- 
 sophy of the ancient Hindus. 
 
 11 (a.) Manetho's XXX Dynasties. 
 
 11 (6.) The 50 Sons of Egyptus and /50 daughters of Danaus numbered eastward and westward to the north and south 
 
 like the Dove and Raven of the Jews — compared with the Lion and Unicorn of our national arms, for symbolisms 
 of ascending and descending light, on the east and west quadrant dialling of the ancient Orientals. 
 
 Note also the reference of the same symbolism to the difference of form in which Joseph sought the blessincr 
 of Jacob on Ephraim and Manasseh, in contrast to that of the typical form chosen by Jacob, and compare Psalin 
 Ixxxi. 3, 4. 
 
 12. Another form of ada])ting our national emblem of the Lion and Unicorn to the Dove and Paven of the Jews on an 
 
 east and west Quadrant Dial. 
 
 13. The typical structure of a Chinese junk with the " eye of Providence" on its prow, compared with the east and west 
 
 quadrant dialling arc of typical account, amongst the ancient Orientals. 
 14 {n). The old Saxon Dials at Kirkdale and Edstone, Yorkshire. 
 
 14 (6), An East and West Dial for 12 hours of Enoch, as hours of 80 minutes to 20 degrees of the Equinoctial in ex- 
 planation of the lines on the Saxon Dials. 
 15. The hour-lines of a Babylonian Dial, as constructed by Ferguson for London. 
 IG. Gnomons for Dialling by a point of light, and point of shadow. 
 
 17. Inclined Dial Planes from Eedos de Cellos. 
 
 18. Meridians from Bedos de Cellos for Horizontal, South Vertical, and Declining- Dial Planes. 
 
 19. The Geometric Structure of the Greek Egyptian Dial compared with the fundamental Diagram in the Dialling of 
 
 Sylvanus Llorgan. 
 
 29. To keep the hour-lines of a Declining Dial witliin a right-angled parallelogram, by Sylvanus :\Iorgan. 
 
 21-21. The relation of the steps to the curves of the Greek-Egyptian Dial, illustrated from the Dialling of Sylvanus 
 
 Morgan. ^ 
 25. The astronomical pillar in the Court of Art, by Sylvanus Morgan. 
 
 20. Female Symbol for our earthly Sphere, from Sylvaims Morgan. 
 
 27-34. Various attempts to illustrate the structure of the Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps, considered as the hollow semi 
 circle of Babylonian origin, adapted to a Quadrant measure of Ascending and Descending Light by the ancient 
 Egyptians> 
 
3 
 
 35. TliG Hindu Zodiac for the week of 9 days (as 9 x = ^GO), divided to tlie Iiour lines of an East and We^t Dial, for 
 
 comparison with the East and West Dialling of Sylvanus Morgan, p. 55. 
 3G. The two Dials at Sleights' Church, near Whitby. 
 
 37. The Vertical Declining Dial, by the Bridge, on entering Lofthouse from Whitby. 
 
 38. The Theatre of MACAO from a small photograph purchased at an Eshibition in Pall Mall, London, of Chinese scenery 
 
 in a Gallery of water-coloured paintings by Hildebrandt, 18G5. My reason for allowing this to be grouped amongst 
 
 the other Illustrations of Oriental Dialling account, is a conviction that all ancient theatricals were more or le^s 
 
 associated with their early traditions of religion, even as the theatres of the Greeks and Romans were identified 
 
 with the worship of Bacchus, their Sun-God. 
 39 and 40. New designs for the outside Wrappers, No. 39, for the Octavo volume, compares the symbolic Tree of Life 
 
 (found amongst the old Assyrian Sculptures at Khorsabad), with the decorated Cross of the mediasval Christian 
 
 Church, as symbols of a common typical origin astronomically, 
 40. For the Quarto volume may be explained as below, in its relation to the flaming sword of Gen. iii. 24 : 
 
 The horizon in this case is a parallel to the water-level of the Nile in Piazzi Smyth's Meridian section of the 
 
 great Pyramids. 
 
 The intersection of the Meridian by the Equator and Earth's Axis on the Horizon explains the source of the 
 metaphor used in the flaming sword,^^ which turns every way to guard the way of the Tree of Life — as to God's 
 keeping — as the light of life to man : Gen. iii. 24. 
 
 Thus the ancient Hindus accounted for the contrast of Waters looking dark by day and light by night, because 
 the waters covered the sun by night which returned to Earth by day. 
 
 See the Vishnu Purana, p. 220. 
 
I- 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 «^ 
 
 o -rj 
 
 o <u 
 o 
 
 o ™ 
 
 * pi? 
 
 O 
 
 • •-4 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 Si 
 
 I 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 bO 
 
 d 
 13 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 The Evening of the primeval day, 
 typically gave the Moon's entrance 
 into her Descending Node, westward 
 in VIRGO, to the beginning of the 
 Sun's South Declination from the 
 Equator. 
 
 The Morning of the primeval day 
 typically gave the Moon's entrance 
 into her Ascending Node westward 
 in LEO, to the Sun's entrance into 
 his North Declination eastward in 
 Pisces, for the old year of three 
 seasons, numbering (in lunar fonn) 
 27 asterisms of 10*^ each from 
 VIRGO. 
 
 6th Day. 
 
 9. Friday. 
 5 Venus. 
 
 7th Day. 
 
 8. Saturday. 
 }") Saturn. 
 
 2d Day. 
 
 7. Monday, 
 ]) Moon. 
 
 3d Day. 
 
 6. Tuesday. 
 (J Mars. 
 
 •sn3ig uieijs'Ba; o:^ j-eid !JS8^ jo sinog; , 
 
 X 
 
 (M CO rtl 
 
 00 a 
 
 Hours of an East Dial to Western Signs. 
 TTL — TtJ SI OS 
 
 n 
 
 2, Thursday, 
 H Jupiter. 
 
 5th Day. 
 
 3. Descending 
 y Node. 
 
 4. Ascending 
 Q> Node. 
 
 Nodes Going out. 
 
 5. Wednesday. 
 5 Mercury, 
 
 4th Day. 
 
 The 6 months of the sun's south 
 declination, given typically to our 
 Lord's descent into Hell (as the 
 Hades of the Greeks') as a symbolism 
 for the grave under a two-fold refer- 
 ence: Isty As an Elysium to the 
 spirits of the blessed; 2c?, As a place 
 of never-ending torment to the con- 
 demned of man's judgment, which 
 was the case of Christ's death, until 
 reversed of God with eternal glory 
 in the power of His resurrection. 
 
 But that was reserved for a 
 typical teaching from the Sun's 
 North Declination given to com- 
 memorate God's harvest mercies to 
 man. 
 
 The reason was because the gene- 
 ration to whom the Gospel was 
 first preached (at the sound of the 
 seventh trumpet, or that of the har- 
 vest month), knew not how God's 
 harvest-symbols of bread and wine 
 were ordained to be an annually- 
 renewable memorial in Christ (John 
 vi. 48) that God willed mercy rather 
 than sacrifice. 
 
 For the law of ceremonial sacri- 
 fices was one of resPi-icted application 
 to the typical kingdom of Jewish 
 nationality in the land of the 
 Canaanite. See Daniel xii. 
 
 The only sacrifice under God's 
 new covenant of mercy, to both the 
 houses of Israel, throughout their 
 dispersions amongst the Gentiles, is 
 that of self-humiliation for sin, look- 
 ing to God for grace unto redemp- 
 tion from its bondage in righteous- 
 ness : as God's appointed law of life, 
 common both to Jew and Gentile in 
 Christ. 
 
 The 6 months of the sun's north 
 declination to the * ' 6 water pots of 
 of stone, containing 2 or 3 firkins 
 a-piece (John ii. 6), after the manner 
 of the purifying of the Jews." 
 
 These symbolise the effects of 
 dew and rain, in their fertilising in- 
 fluences on earth, for the interval 
 between spring-time and harvest, 
 to the use of water as a symbol of 
 Regeneration in Baptism. 
 
 Their conversion into wine, at the 
 marriage-feast of Cana in Galilee 
 (when the seventh new moon, as that 
 of the autumnal equinox, typically 
 numbered 3 days to 6 months, from 
 the full moon of the vernal equinox), 
 brings us to our harvest commemo- 
 ration of God in the Lord's supper, 
 as an indication that He willed mercy 
 rather than sacrifice (Matt, xii. 7 ; 
 Psalm Ixxxi. 3, 4 ; Matt. xiii. 39). 
 The atonement of seven days (Exod. 
 xxix. 37) made that of a seven years' 
 cycle in the weeh of 7 years, for 
 confirming God's covenant with many 
 (Dan. ix. 27). 
 
 We must here remark that the 
 seventh Jewish month of 28 days 
 began in the sixth zodiacal sign, 
 which measured the distance from 
 the new to the full moon, and in- 
 versely. 
 
 This illustrates the seven stars in 
 the angel's right hand. When reckon- 
 ing from the Winter Tropic East- 
 ward to the vernal Equinox for the 
 Messianic beginning of typical and 
 prophetic time (Rev. i. 16). 
 
 With the above compare the miracles of the loaves and fishes : 
 
 John vi. 9, 13. The five loaves 
 of the five thousand leaving tivelve 
 baskets of fragments. 
 
 Matthew xv. 34-38. The seven 
 loaves of the four thousand, leaving 
 seven baskets of fragments. 
 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 d 
 
 ,9 -S 
 
 •I I 
 
 a> d 
 P ^ 
 
 a, ^ 
 ^% 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 d 
 
 o 
 
 ^ . 
 
 b$i o 
 
 O 
 
 ^ o 
 .i-< _. 
 
 b* d 
 
 d 
 
 O CM 
 
 «*-( o 
 
 d 
 
 d 
 
 u 
 m 
 
 d 
 
 g 
 
 a ^. 
 
 pin' 
 
 d 4) 
 
 ,^2 O 
 
 OS 
 
 Cls d 
 S 
 
 u 
 
 o 
 
 ci 
 
 The above reference to the changing of water into wine at the marriage-feast in Cana of Galilee, reminds me of an epigram I remember having seen 
 in my schoolboy-days, at St Paul's, London ; but whether as an old tradition, or as the translation of a senior schoolboy from the words, *'The 
 modest water saw the Lord and blushed," in a then well-known child's book, called Edward Manderville," I cannot say. The last line is all that 
 I can remember of the Latin ,epigram, whilst convinced that there was at least one other. I have therefore roughly completed the distich to connect 
 the beautifully-expressed latter line, which I distinctly remember, with its subject : 
 
 Nuptis numen adest ; lymph arum vasa* parantur ; 
 Conscia lympha Deum vidit ett erubuit." 
 
 * The six water pots, after the manner of the purification of the Jews, holding two ot three firkins a-piece symbolise the 6^^^^^ 
 divided to 12 half-months, compared with 12 equinoctial hours, or divided to months of 3 weeks each, for the semi-equinoctial of 180, measured by the 18 Ethiopians 
 
 of Herodotus. , . t> ^ ic 1-7 
 
 As an allegory or parable of similarly moral significance, see Proverbs xv. it, n. 
 
0 
 
 The East and West typical dialling of the ancient orientals, thus considered, unfolds to us the origin of the metaphor 
 used in Zechariah's typical prophecy, respecting a day then known only to the Lord, viz., that of Messiah's advent, in a 
 cloudy and dark day — the day of the heathen ; — as a day in which it should not be clear or dark until the evening, which 
 dated the beginning of Lunar typical time from the Sun^s South Declination. 
 
 Thus God's two witnesses (His Word, and His Works personified in Christ) prophesied in sackcloth for 1260 days 
 preceding the Crucifixion of Christ as Messiah. That was at the Passover in the midst of a week of seven years, reckoned 
 from 7th month to 7th month, as from harvest to harvest : from atonement to atonement ; or from New Moon to N'etv 
 Moon ; divided in the half by the Paschal full moon. Compare Eph. iv. 9, 10, with Rev. xi. 3 : xii. 14. 
 
 But the Sun's South Declination for the old year of three seasons was then given to the Moon's descending node in 
 VIRGO. His l^orth Declination (made to symbolise Messiah's resurrection glory) was, on the other hand, given to the 
 Moon's ascending node in LEO ; whilst the Sun's North Declination would be reckoned Eastward to the rising sun, as the 
 position assigned for the encampment of JUDAH, before their typical tabernacle. 
 
 Thus we trace the source of the metaphor used in the typical prophecy relating to Messiah's birth of a pure Virgin, to 
 identify his Advent with the pure Gospel teaching of a Reformed Jewish Church, in contrast to that which had been 
 previously teaching the fear of God only by the precept of man. Hence the phraseology of Jewish typical prophecy, 
 discriminating between the idolatrous tendencies of both the houses of Israel, under the personifications of AHOLAH and 
 AHOLIBAH (Ezek. xxiii.) ; and the life-preserving energy of a purer faith, as the strength of Judah against Sennacherib 
 in Hezekiah's day, saying of the Assyrian, " The VIRGIN, the daughter of Zion, hath laughed thee to scorn." 
 
 We must here, also, remember that the position assigned to the encampment of EPHRAIM with BENJAMIN before 
 their typical tabernacle, was Westward to the setting Sun; in contrast to that of JUDAH Eastward to the rising 
 Sun : whilst Messiah's Advent was predicted as the rising of the 8JJN of RLGHTEOUSNESS with healing on his 
 wings. 
 
 This, moreover, serves to illustrate the typical ordinance for the division of the land to the 12 tribes in the day of their 
 return from Babylon, viz., seven to Judah, Eastward and Westward to the North; and five to Benjamin, Eastward and 
 Westward to the South of the Holy Oblation in Ezekiel's vision of typical prophecy. 
 
 The old week of 8 days, as 8 x 45*^ = 360, was reduced to one of 8 = 40 = 320 ; as from that of 9 x 40 = 360 by 
 omitting Sunday ; because the Sun shines on all days. For it is clear that this was in fact the old week of 9 days, by 
 Friday being numbered 9 thereon ; but typically divided to their eight Regents of the sphere, as to the Cycle of their new 
 moons. See the observation of Mr E, Sang, Edinburgh, on the 11,341 years of Herod, considered as the days in 30 
 solar years, or 31 Lunar years in 32 years, each numbering 12 lunations of 29d. 12h. 42m. mean time, or 354d. 8h. 48m. 
 yearly. 
 
 This also explains how Thursday was the second day of the week when beginning from Jupiter to the Conjunction of the 
 Sun and Moon Westward in VIRGO, as from the beginning of the Sun's South Declination to the Moon's descending 
 Node (Ketu) on that Zodiac. When Thursday to Jupiter was numbered 5th day in a week of 7 or 9 days beginning from 
 Sunday, the beginning of that week was given Eastward to the Sun's North Declination, and the Moon's ascending node 
 (RAHU) beginning his quadrant circuit from the Sun to the Moon and hack again in LEO on that Zodiac. Hence the 
 celebrated Lion Jos of the Chinese and other orientals divided into pairs for Ascending and Descending light. Captain 
 W. H. Marwood, of the Artillery Volunteer Corps, Whitby, brought with him from China two of these Joses, or Nodal 
 symbols, for their Diespater or daily providence. On one of these the Lion has his paw upon a dog, as if subdued ; but 
 on the other the dog seems to be baiting the Lion. The Dog I take to be a s3rmbol for the Bog star in Cancer^ the Zodiacal 
 sign next before Leo. 
 
 He brought also with him, from China, another symbolic group of figures, one of which got broken on the road, and its place 
 is supplied by a Budha or Ganesha, or the Hindu Janus, from the Elephant's proboscis thereon. From this, therefore, no 
 opinion can be formed as to the meaning of the group ; all of which, with one exception, are carved in soap stone. The 
 one exception is a black figure, forming one in a group of seven ; with a group of three below. The centre of these three is 
 as a Child on or seated by a Dragon. He tells me that is a symbol of very great esteem amongst them ; and I think it 
 probably of the same significance as the HORUS of the Ancient Egyptians, between ISIS and OSIRIS ; viz., as the Man 
 in the Moon, when first appearing in infant form, near the place of the new Moon ; before beginning his reign of 20 days 
 in the first lunation of the year, as in all the rest, making 12 x 20 or 240* for his reign of Lunar light yearly, when the 
 
 * 240 + 60 made up their Noah's ark Lunar year of 300 days, as 300 + 60 made up their typical aud prophetic Solar year of 360 days. 
 
6 
 
 supplement of 240 to 300, or 120, was liniitod over the diurnal arc for uian's day on their East and West typical 
 ]Jiallingj as in Gen. vi. 3, for 120 lunar years of 300 days to 100 old Chaldean solar years of 3C0 days. 
 
 The one Black symbol was probably the KiTOCJUbS of Herodotus, or the Queen of the 18 Ethiopians, numbered to 
 the celebrated oriental cycle of the 330 kings. 
 
 For this Cycle numbered a year of e/r^wM months to a day of dtvcn hours Hence, on the hollow semicircle of the 
 ancient Babylonians, rcckouing 12 hours from sunrise to sunset, with the XIL o'clock hour of a polar dial reckoned as 
 their sijctli ; it was typically numbered to the hour going out at Xll. on an East and West Dial, but at VI. on a polar 
 dial. Hence the sLxth hour, as that of the Crucifixion, is called in Luke the hour of the Jewish Church, and the power of 
 darkness. 
 
 For the 18 Ethiopians were IS })lanetary cycles of 5 to the Quadrant of 90 ; or 18 Lunar Asterisms of 10^, each for 18 
 weeks of 10 days measured over the semicircle of 180; as given to the Sun's North Declination for six zodiacal signs, 
 from the Vernal to the Autumnal Equinox, extended by one f)'om the Sun's S(jutJt I)edinat'um to complete a svramer season of 
 seven montJts, numbered on the centre of their ty^tical dialling, (as in Isa. xxx. 26), to the Jewish Pentecostal Cycle of 7 x 7 
 tor the Divine age of 5 x 10. 
 
 The Planetary Caletidarium for the week of 8 days, by which the ancient Orientals divided the Equinoctial to their 8 
 regents of s^jhere, for 8 x 45 =: 360, compared with a week of 9 days numbering 9 x 40 ; and subsequently reduced to 
 one of 8 x 40, numbered 8 times for the 2 months extending over 04 days, dnring which Krishna and Bala Piamar (as 
 the Sun and Moon, for the sun between his tropics to the Moon between her nodes) practised their military exercises in 
 the Gymnasium of SANDIPANT {See Vishnu Purana, p. 5()1). The two months in this case supplemented the old Lunar 
 year of 300 days to Enoch's solar year of 364 days, inunbering 13 lunations of 28 days. 
 
 Similarly their celebrated C} cle of 330 kings seems to commemorate the time when the zodiacal angles began to be 
 reckoned at 24 (for 23^ omitting the fraction) instead of at 25^, as su})i)lemented by the 65 of Isaiah vii. 8. For 6G, the 
 complement of 24, multiplied by their planetary cycle of 5, give the 330 exactly. 
 
 AVe see thus also how their month of 32 days, formed from the old Egyptian week of 8 days, gave ri^e to a Lunar year 
 of 10 months numbering 320 days. Hence the solar season of two such montJts to(jethti\ uunihering 64 days^ w^hich the 
 Hindus dedicated to Krishna and Bala Kama. 
 
 The hour and day and month and year of Eev. ix. 15, assoeiates the hour of darkness, as the sixth of their ti/jncal tiia^. 
 with the Nodal idolatry of the old Baalists, which was based on the old Chaldean solar year of 360 days. This they 
 divided between a J--unar year of ten months and a solar season of two montlis, tyjncally divided between ascending and 
 (hsrendinrj light ^ as between the moon's two nodal days; one of which, the first born to descending Ught^ was f cited to go oot 
 / t/hre the i ising ]^owcr of ascending ligJU. Thus "the hour of the Jewish Church and power of darkness" (Luke xxii. 53) refers 
 to the Crucifixion of Qhui^i as a consequence of those idolatrous su])erstitions to tvhich importance was attached by the Kulers of 
 the Jewish people, when Caiaphas said to his opponents, " Ye know nothing at all, nor consider that it is exptdiod for n^ 
 
 that one man sliould die for the people^ and that the whole nation perish vot^ The explanation of the text is, Ami this 
 
 sjjake he not of himself : but beittg Itigh priest that year, lie /jrojdtesied that Jtsns should die for that nation.'" This rcouires 
 careful consideration. For it means not that he prophesied truly and in fulfilment of a lighteous inspiration ; but tJtat 
 he^ as Ingh priest^ having rcpvtation amongst the people as a prophet commissioned of God by Moses, made a w}vn</ and 
 superstitious use <f the reasoning faculties given him by (Jod^ when he confounded their typical lata relating to the ScajK <joat, 
 to/fh the Ola dial 01 ial deciuou between right and wrong ^ inor(tUy^ in obcdi<nci toxvhich it was necessary that one (ftht jxirtifs 
 nn/st di(% <xc(])t by some almost miracalous intcrjwsition in favour of the Vfoiquishid one . Thi id(a was borrowed from the 
 s/xth hour of a Polar dial, or the tiotl fth of a)t East or West Dial, fj^^^^'!/ i^* dividon (f typical time, bdwan Ascinduiq 
 (Hid I)(sr(nding liglit theiton. For the 12 hours of their typical day were thus reduced to a Cycle of eknen, dedicated to 
 the 330 Kings of the ancient Orientals, as impersonations of the nation's lJi(spai( r,d',i\\y for the old Chaldean year of 360 
 day.s less one month. Pmoch's solar year numbered 365, according to (Gen. v. 23), though reckoned as 364 in the 
 Ethiopian astronomy of Enoch, translated by Kichard Laiu'ence, LL.D., Archbishttp of Cashe], and late Professor of 
 Hebrew in the University of Oxford. Published by J. W. Parker, Oxford, Mnccc^xxxvii. 
 
 The ty])ical structure of the Greek Egyptian Dial with Steps was certainly framed to combine a Lunar CaUndarium f< r 
 devotional p?irpo.srs^ with their dialling Chronicle of jtassing solar time. 
 
 Howsoever they might vary the planetary dedication for the first hnir <tnd d(fy^ (tc, (f this typical Bialliin!, it always 
 compared a day of 30 Muhiirttas with a month of 30 days, dividing their 2Iuhurtlas and days into six j-laiietary C}cles of 
 fii^y for five, six, and seven months, etc., etc. 
 
1^ 
 
 i 
 
 Their Dial with Steps was a Quadrant Uiiiversal Dial for 45^, inclined Eastward at an angle of 28^ for Horeb ; when 
 substituting Jewish months of 28 days, or 4 x 7, for the old Chaldean months of 30 days, divided into three weeks of 10 
 days monthly ; for 9 weeks of 10 days to 10 weeks of 9 days to the Quadrant of UO. Thus they measured also 9 
 months of 30 days to 10 of 27 days ; for the Cycle of their Lunar year, as ending in Haggai II., with the ninth month; 
 but at other times with the tenth month as commemorated hy the ancient llonians in the word December, 
 
 It appears also that the typical structure of the Greek-Egyptian Dial will explain the perplexed passage already quoted 
 from page 484 of the Vishnu Purana in Tract, p. 89 of this volume. 
 
 My friend Mr James Wood agrees with me in thinking that the only intelligible meaning for the words, When the two 
 first stars of the great bear (viz,, the two pointers Didjhe and JDrak) ?7> ^?^ the heav(us, and some Lunar asterism Is seen at 
 nujht at an ec[ual distance between them, is to conceive that they sjjeffk the languarje of an astronomiccd ohseriation originally 
 made for the Latitude of Taityra 2G°, or of the Pyramid plain 30^, or by Moses for the Jews before Horeb in N. Lat. 28^, 
 Eor the Horizon could not be c^it by a line passing midway between than, unless it rejore.^ejited the circle of perpetual light, 
 for a latitude near or 28"^ 
 
 Thus for lat. 2b^ Mr Wood estimates that the angle between the meridian, or tho hour circle, cutting the Horizon near 
 the Circle passing midway between the pointers would be 18^ or 20^. Either angle has much typical significance, that of 
 18'^ (or Pheron's hour) being the measure of twilight. That of 20 for the beginnii ^- of the Sun's right ascension from 
 Aries, made the angle beyond w^hich Eclipses could not occur, a measure of 10 for Sunday to the Sun on the Equator, 
 divided equally between ascending li^ht to the Sun's North Declination, and Descending light to the Sun's South Declination. 
 
 By Lunar Asterisms we learn, from the Vishnu Purana, p. 22C, that they meant weekly lunar circuits of 9 days in 
 months of 27 days for a lunar year of 270 days supplemented by 90 to the Nodes, This form of the lunar year, they 
 began from the Lunar asterism called the Astvins, in the Zodiacal sign Libra. Their Lunar year of 280 days had for its 
 frst Lunar Asterism Crittica in Virgo. This form of the Lunar year was supplemented to 3 GO by 80 to APHOPHIS (a 
 Sun Pharaoh) for tw o Nodal days of 40."^ If therefore the Eijuinoctial was divided to the lunation of 30 days, and also to 
 the Sun's right ascension beginning from Aries, /o?* the first Neio Moon of the Yiar, the j)oint in which a circh 2^assing mid 
 way betu^eea the ^jointers at rising toould cut the horizon in an angle of 18*^ or 20'''' would be in Crittica the third Lunar 
 asterism of from the Asffins. The remaining in that conjunction for 100 years of men, would be for 10 days in the 
 month of 30 days. This week of 10 days they measured by a chord of 120 to I of 3G0 yearly. This darkenii g of the 
 heavens for te?i days (as thc7L limited over the monthly approach of the Moon to the Sun) gives the source of the Metaphor 
 used in the going down and return of the Shadow by 10 degrees on the steps of AHAZ. 
 
 THE TUREL^FOLD LUNAR CALENDARIUM OE THE ANCIENT ORIENTALS, WITH ITS PLANETARY 
 
 DEDLCATIOXS FOR THE DAYS OF THE WEEK. 
 
 These dedications for the days of the week originally followed the numbering of the planets in the order of their orbits 
 (See Cicero's Som. Scip., cap. iv.), beginning from Saturn the outermost^ and taking its cycle of 30 years for the basis of a 
 typical comparison between the old Chaldean Solar year of 300 da^^s, and their monthly Lunar year of 30 daySy numbered 
 to the cycle of their neio moons as days of years. This may throw a light upon the circular shrine provided by Manttho 
 for deifying the ancient kings of Egypt to the extent of 30 dyyu^sties. 
 
 The second to Jupiter, shows why Jupiter was numbered as second day in a week, which numbered all its days as begin 
 ninfj in the moon's dcsr(ndi)tg 7todi, for the evening before the morning of thdr primeval day. For when Sunday to the sun 
 beginning his north declination from the Vernal Equinox was made tliQ first day of the week, Thursday to Ascension Day 
 became the fifth, which was the place of Wtdmsday on the old Hindu Zodi'ic, which numbered Thursday to Jupiter for 
 descending light to tlic second day of the week. Hence on their typical Quadrant Dialling for the Cycle of 5 beginning; 
 from Jupiter. Wednesday (dedicated to ]\Iercury as the Caduceus bearer of Jupiter) notified the turning point bttwan 
 ascending and descending weekly Lunar light. This explains how the Ember Days, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, where 
 made to notify the beginning of the fnir seasons, equally from descending lunar light, for all Siffsons of the year. See the 
 
 * Hence the division f< r the s'ej s, wliich exjtlains the go'ng doion and return of the shadoiu on the stej^s of Ahaz hy 10 degrees, sets off those 10 
 on the quadrant of 90 to tl e Up step, for t\ e Sunday to the Sun on the Equator, ruling over the other }<'n planetary days of the week, di\ided 
 equally 1 etween asctnd'ng and descending light (like the six days of cre'ition. Gen. i.), as between two nodal days of 40 each, 6 lunar asteiisms 
 of 13 and one third each ; for Enoch's 7 x 13 — 91 for 90. ^Lis fact I have proved to my own sati&faction this morning, L7th February 1870. 
 
8 
 
 Cilendarium of tlio Ancient Christian (Jliurch in the Preface to our Book of Common Prayer. Thus also they typified 
 Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday to ascending lunar light, over their dialUag arc for Man's cZc/?/ (measured by the 120 of 
 Jonah's journey of 3 days across the great city NINEVEH) 7ohlUt ti/pifuliu/ its culminating glory to Uolg Thursday, or 
 ((scenuon da?/, as to the heatifiul .spirits of their dead. Thus as the Orbit of Saturn was made a basis for comparing their 
 monthly lunar year of 30 days, with their solar year of 3G0 days ) so was the twelve years' Cycle of Jupiter taken for a 
 basis when dividing their i^Janetarij day to 30 Mahurttas of 12° each, or 48 minutes to a planetary hour when comparing 
 tlteir day of 30 2[uhurttaR vjifli their month of 30 days. 
 
 Thus we arrive at the first two stages in the construction of their '''•Magnus Annns/' by multiplying the orbits of the 
 planets into one another. For the next was Mars, whose Cycle of nearly two years increased by two for the orbits of 
 Venus and Mercury shows how the ancient Egyptians^ framed their great Sothiac period of 4 x 300=1440 days of years. 
 This they also called their lustrum or 5 years' Cycle for 5 Lunar years of 280 days in 1400 days. 
 
 Next in order came the Sun (viz., as next to Mars, but with varied relation to Venus and Mercury), to whom we find 
 they thus dedicated their great Sothiac Cycle of 1440 typical years. These multiplied by their Lunar year of 300 days 
 produced their " g:*eat year" or Cycle of 432,000 mythic years, symbolised as years equally over the seconds of time in 5 
 days of 24 hours as over 1200 Solar years of 360 days, estimated also as 1200 monthly Lunar years to their historic 
 soeculum of 100 years. 
 
 To the Sun in the Moon's Descending Node, as in South To the Sun in the Moon's Ascending Node, as in North 
 Declination from Thursday to Monday. Declination from Sunday to Thursday. 
 
 Their fixed Caelum, or 
 Pleaven, the primum mo 
 bile of the 9 planetary orbs. | 
 Soiji. Scip. cap. iv. 
 
 Or thus numbered to 
 their Calendarium. 
 
 8 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 Central Sun to 
 Mars & Venus 
 between the § 
 
 ^ Moon's Nodes, ^ 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 5 
 4 
 
 6 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 G 
 
 p 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Earth the ninth and lowest of their planetary 
 orbits, but of no account to their Lunar 
 Calendarium. This therefore answers to 
 the Jambu Dwipa of the ancient Hindus. 
 
 S 9 
 
 
 b 
 
 V 
 
 
 0 
 
 
 S 
 
 o 
 
 ? 
 
 5 
 
 D 
 
 
 Saturday 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Monday. 
 
 Sunday 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 Tuesday. 
 
 Monday 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 Wednesday. 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 Thursday. 
 
 Wcdnesd'iv . 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 Friday. 
 
 Thursday 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 
 / 
 
 Saturday. 
 
 FruLiy 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 i 
 
 f) 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 Sunday. 
 
 Saturday 
 
 7 
 
 e> 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 
 2 
 
 Monday. 
 
 Sunday 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 Tuesday. 
 
 Monday 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 r; 
 
 4 
 
 \Vednesd;iy. 
 
 Tucsdny 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 Thursdnv. 
 
 Wednesd i} . 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 Friday. 
 
 Here we have 12 Cycles of 5 y 10=50 ; as the 7 < 7=49 of Jewish Pentecostal reckoning, for a Lunar Calendarium divid 
 ing GOO days of years typically between d'ly and niijjht, measured to ascending and descending light on the centre of their 
 East nnd West Quadrant ])ialling by the two Zodical angles, estimated at 2o° each. 
 
 TLis will illustrate the COO years of Noah's life preceding the flood, as topically numbered to the days and nights in their 
 tlten Lunar year o/* 300 Nycmi^i liLMLKA. 
 
 But they seem also to have divitlcd this Calendarium unequally ; viz., as G Cycles of 5 taken 12 times to make up their 
 Solar year of 3G0 days. The remaining 4 Cycles of 5 they also numbered 12 times to the longest day of 240 in the 
 astronc my fd' the ancient Enoch. 
 
9 
 
 If, however, we divide the 12 days of this Oalend-iriuni into seven days on the one hand, as 7 x :>() = .].■>() to tlie Post 
 diluvian age of Noah's life, we obtain for the remainder of the Cakndarinni o d lys to l)e multiplied hy .lo, for a nuniberin*-- 
 of their Divine age over each day, made tlius to represent a Cycle of oO days, to the extent of 250° the i und)er of thl^ 
 Censers which characterised the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abira^n, a^ of one which bonglit to make Israel apostatise 
 to the renewed worship of the Nodes. 
 
 Now the tyincal year of the Jews was limited to a seed-time and liarvest of -v veu mcmths, in contrad\tinction to the old 
 Baalistic division of the Solar year of 12 months, between a Lunar year of ten months and a SoLar season of two months 
 thus numl)ering only six Plmietary Cycles of five to each month of 30 d'lys compared with a day of ;]0 Muhurttas, or 
 planetary hours, we have 7 x 30 = 210 for the louL^est day in Tahstine and the Pyramid plain, supplemented by 5 . 30 = 
 150, for the Winter season of their traditions relating to Noah and his Ark. 
 
 Thus omitting the Planetary syinb )1 of o on this Calendarium to identify the Solar glory witli that of God's mercies 
 daily renewed for all the days of the week, rr.s nfond U in Isaiah xyx. 20, A\e hive seven days numbered conjointly to the 
 sun and moon from two begimiings. The first was from Wednesday to I\lercury, the second from Friday, dedicated to 
 Venus, as the Great Diana of the Ephesiaus, wdiose ima^e fell down from Jupiter, when the first mimn of the oldest 
 Oriental year was numbered to the sun at the Winter Tropic, between 1]^ and / . This form was folloAved in the Calen 
 darium of the :\Iedioeval Christian Church, when numbering Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday as u/;6f/'days to the begin 
 niiig of each of the four seasons, as an ordinance framed for applying a lunar Calendarium to the quadrant measure of 
 
 their East and West Dialling arc 
 
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 Saturday 
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 Mercury, the Caduceus bearer ot 
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 Friday \ 
 Saturday 
 Sunday 
 Monday 
 Tuesday 
 Wednesday 
 Thursday 
 
 ^ionday to the Moon going forth 
 Aviththe Sun in his North Declination; 
 for the weekly lunar Cycle of seven 
 days. 
 
 This Calendarium doubled, for 12 
 days of 12 hours, etc., substitutes the 
 celebrated Jewish Cycle of 12x12 
 = 144 for the old Baalistic Cycle of 
 
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 5 
 
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 Tuesday 
 
 
 
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 1 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 
 Here we have Venus to Mars in 
 
 Sunday 
 
 1 
 
 fi 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 
 Thursday 
 
 
 the Sun's South Declination, when 
 
 Monday 
 
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 7 
 
 4 
 
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 Friday 
 
 
 his North Declination dated its be 
 
 Tuesday 
 
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 Sun instead of Venus. 
 
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 This may possibly refer to Venus 
 
 Saturday 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
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 Wednesday 
 
 
 being sometimes a morning, at others 
 
 Sunday 
 
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 an evening star. 
 
 Monday 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 3 
 
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 Friday 
 
 
 
 Tuesday 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 G 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 Saturday 
 
 / 
 
 
 We must here remember that they who dedicated Thursday to Jupiter for the first day of the week to the nimms' <hscntd 
 ing no(h for Evening Ufore morning hegan their nckonlng for Thursday from Wedmsd((y Evming. Similarly, the Jews 
 began their Saturday s .SV/^^^/fA from the Friday Evoking; and the Mediaeval Christian Church began the Lord's Day, which 
 they dedicated to the Sun, as to Christ, man's SUN of Pightcousness, from Saiai day Evening. This may explain its selection 
 of Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, for its Emhr dayR to mail the beginning of their typical and prophetic time from 
 descending light to the moon's descending node /or th fou) s<asons (f the y(ar. 
 
The order of the Hours for a Horizontalj compared with 
 that for a Polar Equinoctial Dial ; for the relation of the 
 Golden Fleece sought by the Argonauts to the gold -region 
 of HAVILAH. 
 
 Thus the Jews, on their Dialling of the Jacob's Ladder, 
 made Horeb, the Mount of God, symbolize the Sun's place 
 on the centre of the Dial. 
 
The shaded part represents the base of the Dial when siandijig vertically, 
 for a bird's eye form of the front view 
 
 This front view was taken when tlie Dial was lying hirnzonUdhf on its 
 back. 
 
 From the Model made for the Industrial Exhibition in 18G6. Tlie 
 coloured square represents the relation of their four square City of Light 
 to the equinoctial of an East and West or Polar Dial. 
 
Direction 6c hejght of Gnomon given on a West s/de yJew. 
 
THE CALENDARIUM ON THE GREEK-EGYPTIAN DIAL WITH STEPS, COMPARED WITH 
 THAT OF THE CHRONOMfiTEE SOLAIEE, INVENTED AND PATENTED BY M. 
 FLECHET, AT PARIS. 
 
Rasi Chakra 
 
 The Hindu Zodiac , and. Solar System 
 
 from Moor's Hindu Pantheon 
 
TOMB 24 CHIZEH 
 
 SACRED BOAT Of PRINCE MOURHEI 
 
 A CHINESE JUNK,W1TH THE EYE OF PROVIDENCE THEREON. 
 
THE BARIS, OR SACRED BOAT OF THE 
 
 Jiom tke Biitisli MuseTim. 
 
 EGYPTIANS . 
 
THE BARIS OR SACRED B-OAT OF THE EGYPTIANS. 
 
 from tie BriHst Mtis euin . 
 
MITHRAIC GROUP 
 
 Prom the British. Mas eTim 
 
MiTHRAIC GROUP WITH FIGURES REPRES ENTING DAY & NIGHT . 
 
 from the British Museum. 
 
THE ALEXANDRINE DIAL WITH STEPS, ON A FRONT VIEW, 
 
 Compared with a Hollow South Vertical for N. lat. 25% constructed according 
 
 to Fale's Rule. 
 
 Though the typical features of these three Symholistns will hold good, the divi- 
 sion of the steps thereon to the Equinoctial is (I now think) faulty on all ; as calcu 
 lated for that radius of the Equinoctial by which I then determined hypoihttically 
 the direction and height of the Gnomon in each case. For this reason I have 
 let them stand as illustrations, though not without this qualification, — that the 
 radius for the small Equinoctial of the Polar Dial on the Front Steps must be 
 the half of 83*^ or 84° to Helius— substituted for 45^ the half of 90' 
 
THE STEPS OF THE GREEK-EGYPTIAN DIAL, 
 
 Numbered to the different Oriental forms of Calendaring the Days of the Week to the Hours of the Day. 
 l6'^, As beginning between Thursday and Friday, when reckoned Southward to the Descending Node, from the 
 
 Sun's third gate, as by the Fakeers. 
 2(i, As beginning from Sunday, when turning Northward from the Sun*s fourth gate of Enoch's Astronomy, as 
 
 made the beginning of typical time by the Sittaanders. 
 Zd^ Probably the Egyptian variation of No. 1, associating Wednesday as dedicated to Mercury (the Caduceus bearer 
 
 of Jupiter), with the Lunar Calemlarium of their Noah's Ark Symbolism, 4x2=8 hours to the centre of 
 
 the Dial ; for =15° to an hour of Equinoctial time. 
 7 X 6 = 42, for 7 weeks of 6 days twice numbered, viz., Eastward and Westward on the side steps ; by substi- 
 tuting the Egyptian Quadrant of 84° (as 2 x ^2 = 3 x 48 and 7X12), for the old Chaldean Quadrant of QO'^'. 
 
 >^ o ? ijj j) "fe r 
 
 TUES, 
 WED. 
 
 Siffus of the Zodiac 
 
 THURS, those for the Hindu 
 week of 9x40° = 360° 
 
 FHL 
 SAT. 
 
 SUN. 
 
 on the Equinoctial. 
 
 90 + 30 = 120°. 
 Westward. 
 = Enoch's hour of 
 20° or 80 minutes. 
 
 90 + 80 = 120°. 
 Eastward. 
 = Enoch's hour of 
 20° or 80 minutes. 
 
 SAT. 
 
 ^yj^ Signs of the Zodiac 
 „ - as those for the Hindu 
 TT^y week of 8 X 45° = 360° 
 on the Equinoctial. 
 
 Thus the days of the week are numbered tb the Planetary hours for morning and evening, as by Blundevil for the 
 week of seven days, beginning from SUNDAY. 
 
 But they are numbered in cycles of 5; 6, or 7 to the Monthly Calendarium on the Centre, as to 6 cycles of 5. 
 multiplied by 5 for 150, or half of 300 on the Calendarium of the Ham-shat>ed Dial. 
 
The 30 Cubits for the whole height of Noah's Ai*k, ineasured typically as Degrees of the 
 Circle to the Boat Dialling of the Ancient Orientals. 
 
 Compare this Dialling with Steps for' Whitby, N. lat. 54°, with the ancient Sun-Dial in 
 the shape of a Ham, numbered 1568 in Knight's Fieforial Gallery of Arts, and the Sun- Dial 
 with Portable Meridian in Blackie's Popular Encydop(jedia^ with the GreehEgjipiiaa Dial with 
 Steps of the era of the Ptolemies, brought from the base of the Obelisk called Cleopatra's 
 Needle, at Alexandria, and presented to the British Museum by John Scott Tucker, Esq. 
 
 N.B, — This Calendarium seems to prove what the Greeks meant by Jupiter dethroning 
 Saturn, in their Cosmogony dating' " a Jove principium." 
 
Relation of the West Side to the Front View of a Dial with Steps for Whitby 
 (N. lat. 54^*), in imitation of the Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps, brought from 
 Alexandria, and now in the British Museum. (Compare Herodotus, respecting 
 the West End of the Temple of Vulcan, built by BhampsiuituB.) 
 
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 Illustration for the Days of the Week/ aa differently numbered to the Equinoctial^ 
 
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 Our week of 7 days from 
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 9 X 40 = 360*. 
 
 B.ASC, 
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 Enoch's Western Gates 
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 This second form of the week (by giving the North Ecliptic to the Western 
 Horizon) reversesthe typical ordering of the trihes, as numbered to the 4i Cardinal 
 "points of the horizon by Moses, 
 
 May not this have sonricthing to do with the light affliction of Zebulon and 
 Naphtali, Isaiah ix. i, compared with the total darkening of their typical 
 Heavens, when passing away,(with the typical dispensation of Moses^ under the 
 judgment predicted over the Anti-christian Jewish Church of the Apostolic 
 age ? (Dan, xii. with Matt, xxiv.) 
 
THE CURVES AND RADIATING HOUR-LINES OF THE GREEK-EGYPTIAN SUN-DIAL 
 
 WITH STEPS. 
 
The Curves of the Greek-Egyptian Sun-Dial with Steps, applied to the 
 construction of a similar Dial for Whitby. N. Lat. 54°. 
 
 
 STEPS A 
 FOR WHITBY A 
 
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 Signs of the Zodiac, arranged to the Analemma as on the Zodiac of Tentyra. 
 
DIALLING DEFINITIONS FROM "CHAMBERS'S 
 
 ENCYCLOPAEDIA." 
 
 The Polar Dial is inclined to the horizon in an angle equal to the 
 elevation of the pole. 
 
 An Upper Polar Dial only differs in situation, and the manner of 
 writing the hours, from East and West Dials, joined 
 together in the Une of six o'clock. 
 
 A Lower Polar Dial is had by putting out the hours of the fore 
 noon, 9, lO, and 11, and those of the afternoon, 1, 2, aud 
 3, with the noon hour of 12 itself \ and only leaving the 
 hours 7 and 8 of the morning, and 4 and 5 in the 
 evening. 
 
 N,B. — The seven inferior worlds of this symbolism are the seven 
 orbsy or parallels of latitude for a diurnal arc of 210°, in the 
 Pyramid plain. 
 
 The three superior worlds are the difference between that diunial 
 arc of 210**, and the old lunar year of 300 days, or 10 X 30° on 
 the Equinoctial. 
 
 Up to this time I have always been in error, by numbering the 
 diurnal arc of 210°, aud the lunar year of 300°, to the light side of 
 the Dial, so as to throw the difference of 60*' or 150° to darkness 
 behind the DiaL This has caused me much embarrassment. The 
 Zodiac of Teotyra proves that the ancient Egyptians placed it to 
 the account of lunar light, obscured by the Sun's daily meridian and 
 yearly solstitial splendour. 
 
S. GEORGE FROM A MS. IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. 
 
 FROM BRINSOP CHURCH, HEREFORDSHIRE. 
 
 PUBLISHED AS AN ILLUSTRATION IN THE CALENDARS OF THE 
 ANGLICAN CHURCH, BY JOHN HENRY PARKER, OXFORD AND 
 LONDON, A.D. 1 85 1. 
 
ENOCH'S SIX EASTERN and SIX WESTERN GATES of HEAVEN, divided into two Cycles of Seven and two of Five, by counting the Fifth and Seventh twice. 
 
 Thus the Jews divided their year of 12 months into two typical Cycles of 5 and two of 7 months. 
 
 Compare the MITHRAIC Symbolism of the Seven against THEBES. 
 
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 ■Vc? Jan. 
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 lU Nov. 
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 vii van IX 
 
 X XI 
 
 
 
 
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 * For the seventh step numbered to Saturn as going outj — or rather as 
 numbered partially to the old & 7iew day of the week, i. e. , on the Calenda- 
 rium for the Cycle of 5 days begiimlng from Thursday ; whilst Sunday is 
 the day which goes out on the week of 7 days beginning from Friday to 
 "Venus when reduced to a Calendarium for 6 days — reckoned tropically to 
 ascending and descending light — on the Analemma for the Sun's two 
 half yearly circuits of six months from Tropic to Tropic. As the Planetary 
 symbols can only be read intelligibly on the Calendarium from left to right, 
 whilst the Morning and Evening hours stand inversely to one another on a 
 Quadrant Dial, we seem to trace in the mode of comparing the Planetary 
 symbols with these hours, the origin of that ancient mode of writing called 
 Bou^rqo^vjBov {ploughing fashion, as turning from left to right and from right 
 to left, alternately,) by the Greeks. 
 
 f + Like that of the Roman gladiators — termed MEEIDIANI — the 
 hand to hand contest between the two brothers, in the Seven against Thehes, 
 viz., that of Eteocles, " the glory of the year, " and senior by biii;hright, 
 (as in the cases of Cain, Esau, and Manasseh, with Abel, Jacob, and Ephraim, 
 for their younger brothers,) against Polynices, the oft victorioiLs, but regarded 
 by his brother as the contenthti^, is given Eastward and Westward to the 
 Meridian hour, as that of the Sun's sixth gate in the astronomy of Enoch. 
 
 The others are arranged in two companies of Jive, viz., Westerns against 
 Easterns, in parallel roios, as Enoch placed his other ten astronomical gates 
 of heaven, in two parallel rows of five, for a Tropical reckoning, like that of 
 the ancient oriental writing called, by the Greeks, Ploughing fashion." 
 
 X Whether the nearly obliterated figure on the Calendarium of the Ham Dial should be 7 or 3, I cannot say with precision. But if Saturn ( \ ) repre- 
 sents the third hour of Wednesday at the top of the first column, then 1 for Sunday as the first day in the fourth column, would represent the third 
 hour of Thursday as dedicated to Jupiter. The second hour, therefore, should be dedicated to 71/ars, for Tuesday, the third in our week. Hence, I 
 think, there is sufficient reason to place the figure 3, instead of 7, immediately before 1, as numbered to the fourth day of the week beginning from 
 Thursday. This verifies the Hindu symbolism for Gane^^ha, or Saturn, at the right hand of Durga, and Katikeya (as the Mars of the Greeks) on her 
 left hand. — N.B. The Days of the Week are numbered to Monthly Cycles of 6 x 5 — 30, or 7 X 5 = 35, for 4 X 9 =r 36 days ; to two Egyptian hours of 
 Pheron, the Son of Sesostris. But the Planetary hours are numbered to Planetary Cycl^^s of 5 days each, seemingly to compare the old Chaldean month 
 of 30 days with the old Hindu day of 30 hours, referred to by Colebrooke in his Essays on tlie Religion and Philosophy of the Hindus. 
 
 See Rev. ix. 15, for the ancient Oriental mode of typically computing hours, days, and montJis, and yeai's, in common Cycles, whether of 5, 7, 8, 9, or 
 10 days ; or under any other variation in their subdivisions of typical time. 
 
 This brings me to a nev/ and possibly conclusive view on the subject. When preparing for my ministerial duties of Sunday, May 5th, 1867, Numbers 
 xxiii., xxiv., being the first Lesson appointed for the Morning Service. This brought me to consider Balaam's typical sacrifice of Seven Bullocks and 
 Seven Bams, in a light ^vhich had never previously occurred to me, viz., that of Enoch's two Lunar Circuits of seven and two of eight days in each of 
 his Equinoctial lunations. The result was that I found the Equinoctial points, on the Egyptian Zodiac of Tentyra, placed between Aries ( r ) and 
 Taurus (0). On naming this to my young mathematical friend, John B. Smales, of Esk Terrace, he said Did you ever compare the Roman Calenda- 
 rium? My reply was. No; but it was stupid of me to have omitted ; from the meaning of the old Etruscan word ic/ziare, to divide ; whence the 
 deri\ ation of the word Ides in the dividing of lunar and typical time. 
 
 MTien alone, I turned to the subject, and the result has been marvellous to myself. For it proves clearly and fully why Thursday was numbered the 
 second day of the week on one Hindu Zodiac, whilst on the other it is accounted the fifth day, as by ourselves. The same mode of explanation is 
 
2 
 
 equally applicable to the other days of the week as differently numbered on the two Hindu Zodiacs. The law of the variation is this. As Enoch num- 
 bered two lunar circuits of seven and two of eight days to the month of 30 days, so the Homans reckoned two Cycles of Jupiter, or Cycles of 5 days, 
 and two weeks of 9 days {query, for the 18 Mhiojnans of Herodotus) ; or two of 7, and two of 8, days, for half a month to the semi- equinoctial of 180^ 
 degrees on the Circle numbered as days, to half the old Solar year of the Chaldeans. 
 
 The details of this Calendarium, when illustrated from the Egyptian Zodiac of Tentyra, will stand thus, — 
 
 O M 
 
 I 
 
 0 
 
 O ^ 
 h-i P-i 
 
 CD <rl- 
 
 CD 
 
 I-' • 
 
 <D 
 
 Five days for the relation of the Calends to 
 the Nones, as 5th day in the week of 9 days, 
 compared with that of 7 days ; reckoned to 
 Ascending light, Westward going North by 
 the Dragon's head. 
 
 n 
 
 ^ m 
 
 Central Sun 
 
 r 
 
 X 
 
 Five days for the relation of the Calends to 
 the Nones, as the 5th day in the week of 9 
 days, compared with that of 7 days ; rec- 
 koned to Descending light, Eastward going 
 South by the Dragon's tail. 
 
 6 
 9 
 6 
 
 Ul p 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 7 
 7 
 
 ^0. 
 p p 
 
 9 
 6 
 6 
 
 m 
 P 
 
 The Nones (or day before the Ides, in the dividing of typical time) were reckoned from the seventh day of the month, in March, May, July, 
 and October, but in all the other months they were reckoned from the 5th. This symbolism compares the Ancient Oriental day of 30 hours with the 
 month of 30 days ; for seven typical months compared with the seven typical days of Gen. i. ; and with Enoch's lunar circuit of seven days, in his two 
 Equinoctial lunations of 30 days, divided to Ascending and Descending light between the Sun's third and fourth gates. 
 
 Note the typical situation appointed for the thrtt cities of refuge, Deut. iv. 41, " On this sUe the Jordan toward the sunrising ■ " viz "Bezer in the 
 wilderness," &c., in its relation to the direction which Balak, King of Moab, brought Balaam, ^^from Aram, out of the mountains of the east, saying, 
 Come, curse me Jacob, and come, defy Israel. " 
 
 It also throws a clear light upon a statement made by the author of the Key to the Chronology of the Hindus, vol. ii. pp. 376-8 that the seventh day 
 of the week was dedicated to JUPITER, saying, ''those Indians who make Saturday the seventh day, invariably dedicate it to Jupiter " He adds — 
 " Mythologists frequently mistake this dedication of the planets, annexing a particular day of the week to each ; without regarding the dav on which 
 the week commenced. Whereas the planet depends on the number of days from the first. For example : the Sittaanders commencing the week from 
 Sunday, that day is sacred to Venus, [query, the Sun ? as fii^st in their account ;] Friday to Mercury ; and Saturday to Jupiter • because thev are the 
 first, sijoth, and seventh days of the week. For the same reason, the Fakeers who commence the week from Friday, dedicate that dav Wednesdav aaid 
 Thursday, to Venus, Mercuiy, and Jupiter ; as wiU more clearly appear from the foUowing table : 
 
 c,^.^rr^ a a xtt^t^-oo Order of Planetary Dedications, 
 
 SIITAANDERS. FAKEEES. (but possibly under limitation to 
 
 the week beginning from Friday.) 
 
 1st Sunday lat Friday Igt Venus. 
 
 2nd Monday 2nd Saturday 2nd 
 
 3rd Tuesday 3rd Sunday 3rd 
 
 4th Wednesday 4th Monday 4th 
 
 5th Thursday 5th Tuesday 5th 
 
 6th Friday 6th Wednesday 6th 
 
 7th Saturday 7th Thursday 7th 
 
 According however to Bliixdevil The seventh day of the week would be dedicated to Jupiter, when the>.^ was dedicated to Venus ; but the 
 seven h was dedicated to Saturn when the first was dedicated to the Sun. The planetary dedications of the remainmg days, varied according to tlie day 
 on which the beginning of thur v. eh was dedicated to the beginning of typical time, whether dating the first day from the Winter Tronic for the he^J^ml 
 of typical time on an East West Dial,^ from the 3rd day of Creation, as given to the Moon, whHst'the fourth was gl^ tf^^^^^ 
 bolizmg descoiding light to the Moon (for the ancient beginning of typical time as symbolized to the birth of Mght, before that of Dav i but asreJina 
 light to the Sun's diurnal arc, beginning— like the typical year of Mosaic institution-/rom the Sun's fourth gate in the astronomy of Enoch, 
 
 Saturn. Satyavatar. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 Moon. 
 
 Mars. 
 
 Mercury. Buddha, an incarnation of Vishnu. 
 Jupiter." 
 
3 
 
 Possibly the Calendarmm of the ancient Romans will afford another illustration. For whilst they dedicated the Calends, or fost of the month to 
 Juno, they dedicate the Tdes, or dividing of niontfdy or lunar tyincal time to Jupiter. Now the divis^ion of the ic<'(^h of nine days into two half Cycles of 
 five days was as that of their half month divided into two lunar circuits of Siven days. Hence the Nones {which represented the di^dding of weekly 
 lunar time) were sometimes numbered as the at others as the seventh from the Calends. Thus in a week of nine days, beginning from the Sun 
 and ending with the Moon, reckoning from Sunday to Monday a week of 9 days, Thursday as ffth day wdl be in the dividing of time 
 
 But in a haH month of 14 days, beginning from Friday dedicated to Venus, Thursday will be both the vcnth and the first of a week of seven days 
 ending with Wednesday, or of nine day,-^ ending with Friday, for the ty[)ical relation of the Calends to the Ides. 
 
 On comparing the Cycle of 5 with the old week of 9 days, the ancient Orientals divided the Circle of the Equinoctial into 30 equal parts, to represent 
 a day and night of 30 hours, compared with the month of 30 days, and divided into two Half Cycles of 15, each ty^ncally numbered to six signs of the 
 Zodiac. Thus they divided their days, like their lunations, into three, as well as four, parts. 
 
 The Cycle of 9 they formed out of two Cycles of five, by counting the Jifth day as fifth of both Cycles. Hence they added 9 to 5 for 2 x 7 = 14, to 
 represent the bright Jortnlght of the sun's northern path. But Enoch also reckoned the increase of Lunar light by three Quintuples of days, and Us 
 decrease likewise. 
 
 The first of the month they called the neiv and old day, as divided into two half days : even as they divided the month into two Half Cycles. This 
 is the explanation of Enoch, Ixxii. 6—10, though I have hitherto but very imperfectly read the meaning of that passage already quoted. 
 
 This begimiing and ending of lunar typical time they numbered to the sun's sixth gate, or to the north ecliptic, given to the West Horizon* on the hol- 
 low semicircular form of their East and West Dialling. They also symbolized the close of the Diurnal Arc eastward to the south ecliptic for the place 
 of the full moon in the dividing of time equinoctially between day and night. This they thus did in two paraUel Cycles of 12 hours, compared with 
 two paraUel half months of 15 days. These the Egyptians numbered to HORUS, and the 15 generations of the C?/«ic Circle so called (from the 
 dog-star, at the Heliacal rising of which it commenced), t The Hindus called it a Paronvan or half month. J Note, in further illustration of this, 
 the Mithraic image of Osiris, with hisject and toes of iron and potter's clay, turned towards the north e. g., the north ecliptic given to the West Horizon, 
 as the place of the Holy of Holies, In the Jevnsh tyj^lcal sanctuary. 
 
 The imagery thus viewed makes the reference to 'Hhe ships of Chittim" in Baalam's typical prophecy, far more intelligible than, as generally inter- 
 preted with vagueness, ships from the West," though in point of historical fact it makes no difference, for the prophecy was fulfilled by Greeks and 
 Romans against Jerusalem in the latter days " of the Mosaic or typical dispensation. 
 
 But the accuracy of the interpretation here contended for is of importance to substantiate the meaning I have elsewhere set upon Eev. ix. 15— that the 
 warlike spirit of the world divided against itself to mutual slaughter {as of old under conflicting impulses of human ambition, traditionally cherished) 
 should continue its desolations, vntil the new order of things, predicted as the object of Messiah's manifestation in the fiesh, should be realized with spiritual 
 and truthful effect for the happiness of man. Hence the Chronology is typical, and figurative, as applied by Virgil to the peaceful reign of Augustus 
 inaugurating a new state of things, as by the dawn of a new day. 
 
 "Jam novus, e Ccelo, Sseclorum nascitur ordo." 
 
 For Gesenius, under the word Chittim, says, " The singular does not occur in the Old Testament, but is found in a bilingual inscription at Athens, 
 where the proper name of a man of Citium, buried at Athens, is written in Greek, Noumenios Cltieus, " and in Phoenician letters, Esh-Citti, as the 
 same with ** Ben-Hodesh {so?i of the neio moon) " a man of Citium." The Generic term means smiters — warriors. 
 
 * Compare Enoch's North Sea and Cavity of the North with the Dialling reference to the Great "Western Sea, as that of the Pontus Euxinus to the irediterranean in the expedition of the 
 Argonauts. 
 
 t Hence the THOTH was dedicated to ANUBIS, or the Egyptian Fermes, symbolized with a dog's head. HORUS designates the Cycle as originally that of the Equinoctial divided to 
 24 hours of 15° or 60 minutes to an hour. When limited to the Lunar year of 300, it substituted two hour Cycles of 10 15° for two of 12 X 12° — H4^. Their reign of 443 years marks a 
 double reference to the meaning of HORUS, a Spason; for it adds the Quadrant reign of HELIUS, or 83, to the old Solar Cycle of 360. 
 
 t In Manetho's List of the Cynic Circle 15 names are mentioned. In the Key to the Chronology of the Hindus, the two Parouvans, or half months of 15 days, are not numbered to 30 
 according to the days; but to 24, as if for a division of the Equinoctial to an hour Circle of 24 15°. Hence we seem to trace from this remote antiquity a mode of converting two typical, 
 or Planetary Cycles of 12 hours, into two of 14 or 15, by arranging them in parallel rows, so that the 3rd or 4th hour in the Lunar Cycle of 12 for night should represent the first hour in the 
 Solar Cycle of 12 for day, as in Blundevil's Planetary Caltadarium for our week of seven days, beginning from SUNDAY. This explains the contrast in Gen. i., between the calling of light 
 out of darkness on the first day of creation ; but not appointing the sun, and moon, and stars, typically, for signs and for seasons, for days and for jears, until the Jourih day. Also, the num- 
 bering of the third and fourth days to the nodes in the Cycle beginning from JUPITER. 
 
 The HINDU MONTHS of the year numbered to the half -weekly Lunar Calendarium of 5 days to iQustrate what tlicy meant by the light and 
 dark fortnights of the month Magha for the beginning of their year from the feun's entrance into Capricorn ; hilst, like the Egyptians, 
 dating the Thoth of their Lustrum, {viz., of their five years Cycle, which formed the great foOTHIAC YEAPv, of the Egyptians), from the 
 Full Moon in Capricorn ; as from the Solstitial dividing of Lunar tyjncal time. 
 
 This symbolism gives the Central Sun to the Equinoctial points as going forth from that centre Northwards for Ascending light, and Southwards 
 for Descending light under limitation of a Quadrant measure of distance from either Tropic. This they crossed by the semi-circular measure of the 
 two Parouvans ; one symbolising the ascension of light to a half month of 15 days, for the bright fortnight of the Sun's Northern path, from the new 
 M;oon in the Sun's sixth gate to the full Moon in the Sun's fbrst gate; the other called the dark fortnight of the month Magha, beginning in T v?, and 
 ending at the place of the Moon's change for the next month in T ^. Thus the Hindu month Magha was divided to the Equinoctial as the Cynic 
 Circle of the Egyptians to their Sothiac year divided mto two half Cycles, by their Thoth to the full Moon in v?, and by their Sothis to the place 
 of the Moon's change in the Sun's sixth gate, in the astronomy of Enoch, crossed by the Moon's Quarterings at the Equinoxes. 
 
 This explains the arrangement of the signs on the Hindu Zodiac which glories in its central mountain of gold, as for the hours of an East and West 
 Quadrant Dial, when Evening preceded Morning in their astronomical day beginning from xii at noonday. 
 
Tlie Equinoctial as divided to the Horizon by the Hindus, to represent a Four-square City of Light 
 round their Central 8un, compared with Blundevil's Dragon symbolism. 
 
 This they divided to their old weekly Cycle of 8 days to 8 Lokapalas, or Regents of the Spheres. The four at the cardinal points were Indra, 
 Yama, Varuna, and Soma. The names of the others are Kuvera, Lord of Wealth, and King of the Yakshas ; Vivaswat, one, a Prajapati, 
 or mind-bom ; another, one of 12 Aditya, sons af Kasyapa ; another the Sun, as father of Vawaswata Manu. Agiii, God of Fire ; and 
 Vayu, God of the Wind, and King of the Gandharbas ; but I do not know where to place them to the intermediate points of the horizon. 
 
 Soma, or the New Moon, ruler of the 
 planets to North Ecli^jtic, for the He- 
 liacal rising of the Dog star in Cancer. 
 
 Nabhas Sravana 
 Nabhasya Bhadra 
 Jsha Aswina 
 Urja Kartika 
 
 \§\ Aug. July 
 
 ^ Sept. Aug. Varuna, King 
 
 n 1. a 4. Waters, 
 
 ^ Cct. Sept. Westward, to 
 
 ^-^ ^ the North, but 
 
 ^0^- ^c*- Ketuma, regent 
 
 o 1 A 1 _i T.T of the West, 
 
 teanas Agranayana ^ Dec. Nov. ^ 
 
 Sahashya Pausha 
 
 Jan. Dec. 
 
 Indra, King 
 of the Gods, 
 Eastv/ard, to 
 the North. 
 
 July June « Asharaha Suchi. 
 
 June May x) Tyeshtha Sukra. 
 
 May April ^ Vaisackha Madhava 
 
 April Mar. x Chaitra Madhu 
 
 Mar. Feb. Phalguna Tapasya 
 
 Feb, Jan. ^ Magha*' Tapas 
 
 Query. — Bright when beginning 
 from the full moon, but Dark 
 when beginning from the new 
 moon? or as brifjht, Northwards, 
 to Summer, and dark^ South- 
 ward, to Winter. 
 
 Full Moon in vj> to South Ecliptic. 
 Yama, King of the Pitris, or spirits of 
 the departed, Southward. Add also, 
 AGNI, a deity of fire. p. 83 & 153, n. 1. 
 
 The bright fortnight of Magha, for the Sun's Northern path from v? to 05, 
 
 Moon's 3rd Quarter. 
 
 New Moon 
 
 r « 
 
 Central 
 
 Sun to 
 
 Full Moon 
 
 to Sun's the Quarter ^ ings of this to Sun's 
 
 Sixth gate 
 
 23 
 
 typical 
 
 a n 
 
 lunation. 
 
 m 
 
 Fii'ist gate. 
 
 The dark fortnight of SRAVANA, for the Sun's Sotdhern path from 05 to V?. 
 
 The above typical Lunation of Magha, as reckoned solstlttally from v? to 05 , and inversely for the halves of two lunations (when reckoning two 
 months to a Solar season, and three seasons to a northern or southern declination, as in Wilson's Vishnu Purana, p. 223), is here crossed in like form^ 
 equinoctially, by those of the Aswins and Chaitra, or of Cartika and Vaisacha.t 
 
 4. Pausha I 5. V? Magha 
 3. Margasirsha V(\. Phalguna 
 2. Cartika 1. ^ Chaitra 
 
 T he Bri ght fortnight or Sun's Northern path from Cartika in to Vaisacha in T . 
 
 The Dark fortnight, or Sun's Southern path from Aswina in vi^ to Chaitra in ?f , as from the new to the full Moon of the Autumnal Equinox. 
 
 1. Aswina np 8. T Vaisacha 
 12. Bhadra U 9. « Tyaishtha 
 11. Sravana od 10, n Ashlesha 
 
 Compare the old double month of the Solstitial Glory and the two Equinoctial Lunations of Enoch with the idea that Scorpio, like Cancer, had 
 occupied an undue share of heaven, until Caesar h<ld the balance ofjmtke la Librae 
 
 Qua locus Erigonen inter Chelasque sequentis 
 Panditur : i/wr tihi jam hrarhia contraldt ordens 
 Scorjnosj et cceli justa plus parte reliquit. 
 , — ^^'^'^V-y Geor. i. 33. 
 
 _ The very ancient authority for this double series of two half months (Solstitial to Osiris, and Equinoctial to ^Wf/wsfiW Ciesar ; for Autumn as the 
 intermediate season between Summer and Winter) is piovable from the Vishnu Purana, as translated from the Sanscrit by Wilson. 
 
 Its importance also as a Chronological guide for safely interpreting th< ft/pircd language of aacknt J eiuibh prophecy is clear when reading the otherwise, 
 yet mysf,r, language of Zech. xiv. 8 10. For uhen the tyjncal months (dedicated by the ancient Hindus— Solstitially to Magha, and EquinoctiaRy to 
 f\ T"^^^ ""^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ other, for the light and dark fortnight axcrihid to each, all is confused as to light and darkness, humanly speaking ; as judged 
 of by those ancient Oriental notions of fyx>i<'al and prophetic time, which were to cease for ever in Mesbiah's day. Rev. x. 6. 
 
 For then a NEW star (or that of Bethlf heyn] was substituted for the Pvemphan or five-pointex> Dog Star of the idolators. Bethlehem means the 
 House of Bread, as that of God's Piovidence over man in Christ, teaching him to understand that man liveth not by bread alone, though associating 
 the mode m which He A\ills to be worshipped with the sabbath sign of His onm harvest mercies to man in the Paradise of Oriental blessedness. That 
 represented a latitude numbering 7 hours of ascending and 7 of descending light at the summer solstice. It also «ia£^(^ that ptrfct and equinoctial 
 distinction hitir^en light and darkness, which is referred to in Rev. xxii, 5 as marking an eternal purpose of God in Chi^ist, for a spiritual distinction 
 between good and evil m its issues, no less eternal and comidete than that typically set before men in God's ordinances of day and night, respecting an 
 eternal distinction between light and darkness in nature. 
 
 The Month of Magha was dedicated to Ganesha by the Hindus, as January was to Janus, by the Romans. It formed the Solar Solstitial Season of 2 mondis tjpically reckoned as half 
 manuis. J he month of the ASW INS, formed similarly the Solar Equinoctial Season of two months each, divided into half months. 
 
 inus t e old Hindu notion of two moniln to a Solar S-ason is amply illustrated in the structure of the Calendariuro on the Ham-shaped Dial for 5 x 6 = 30 days typically counted for 60 
 ims cycle tney tnen multiplied by 5 for eich planetary hour was made to represent a Cycle of 5 days) to complete the Antediluvian Lunar year of 300 days, compared with the old Chaldean 
 Solar >ear, or Manwant ira, of 72 m .5 — 3G0 days of typical and prophetic time ^ ^ i ^ u v-aoi 
 
 X Thus both Hindus and Eg^^pdans typically divided the 12 months of the Solar year, into four quadrant measures of the Sun's apparent path through the 12 sifois of the zodiac ; andnum- 
 
Ih€ JIbrtzontal', or S/ut^d(m' tiji&y 
 
 SI-'* 
 
 *?f fm Fast ^ JJest Qun^ir^/ Dt€(l tor 
 
 M£ffM/l/D, 
 
 me M/mr/ii/ff, 
 
 17eo itodal . as dai^^ed 
 
 of 30 }wicrs zci^A lAe irfMrdh of 
 
 30 days, d i>at/t with ^icZochacal 
 
Symbol for 
 tlie Week of 
 10 Day^ 
 
 HIEROGLYPHIC 
 
 FOR THE 
 
 NIGHT OF THE HALF MOON, 
 
 OVEE THE SYMBOLISM OF THE ANCIENT ORIENTALS 
 FOR THE TREE OF LIFE IN THE MIDST 
 OF THE GARDEN OF EDEN. 
 
<^^^^/2^ Jf€?r^<z/i a. 7?. /d^^2, O/^ o ^ ^ re/7ir/7^i^ Cycle of J Aryur.? ^/^r^lsd Aa// Am^rs 
 ^ ^ side JZ^s, r/ze^ rem^/Jtf kmirs, /^emf /tc/MSeree/ lAe /iw?6 s^ps^ f/^ /Ir ^nmdia^ 
 of a /hlar^/hyil or ^ A/Mzr e^f ^: /or i/i€ ^^!^^^>?^ ^ Mar/zt/i^ of l/ie //rmie^rr// c/m/ . m l/re 
 
 ff{^ ^ ^y^r?^ m form r^^nparc f/i^ am fed Jhsc of^ /Tnre^fd f^f/pa^^at 
 
A FRAGMENT OF AN OBELISK AT ROME 
 
73 
 
 7^{> di^ (^^e^if 'S /^e ay dire^ X dial. ^JF e^^icfmclu/l art^Iey l& e^^rij^maf^dy asM^ 
 
ANCIENT AMERICAN CROSS 
 FROM THE RUIHS OF PANLEUQUE CENTRAL AMERICA. 
 
 SlcetclelTij J. Smales, Es^. from "Stephens Central AmBTic a". 
 
uosisp qorqAv 'suvj^ og. psuom 9jnsopui i^9JA0imj-unn/ 9q^ '^91 "[] ^/iJ.p>iopj fo ixit>uQ s^J9q'Bj gj'BdraoQ 
 
 pux) doop duojip V 'e9iJ9^8^j^ oqi- jo ^^pimjsj p^^jj ^""^ Joj^nbg ^P-^TO ^^I'^ P uop'epj .§uiST[oqnij^g 
 
 *2,X"0I SiLoy — ^/q^j-ee eqi; o:^ uMop :;9j puB 'sj9ujoo jnoj 9q:^ %^ %V^'^ ;99qs :^130j3 ^ sy 
 
 The EYE of PEOYIDENCE on the equator of the Egyi^tian planisphere, divided to the hour lines of an east and west 
 dial, compared with the sis typical windows of a Chinese junk, having the Eye of Providence on irrrno, and t}>^ tridmt 
 of Neptune for its helm. Hence the " sacred ships " of the ancient Orientals, and the " ships of Tarshish" which Solomon 
 sent to Ophir for gold, were probably of a like typical structure. 
 
Piazzi Smyth's vertical section of the Great Pyramid, compared on its east and west dies, with the typical structure of the Greek- 
 Egyptian Dial with Steps, considered as the hollow semicircle of the Babylonians, inclined 
 as an east and west Dial for the Pyramid plane in N. Lat. 30°. 
 
 T3 
 
 li 
 
 W O 
 .1-1 ^ 
 
 1 II 
 
 o 2 
 
 Is 
 
 .4 
 E-i 
 
 /fWj atiA 10 jtois, part ofcroTV and/ 
 ^arb of jio iters foLaj} • companng the. 
 image/ of OSlRlS, HuiPcAXjer oajthtltsdiiu ' 
 
 W g 
 
 Si 
 li 5 
 
 OS S 
 ^ I— 
 o & 
 
The Indus and its tributaries to the PUNJAB, or region of 
 the 5 rivers, to the north-east, on the inverted bell-shaped map 
 of Hindostan. 
 
 But, on the maps of Egypt, the nortli is given eastward and 
 westward, to the seven-mouthed Delta of the Nile. 
 
 The north-east to MESOPOTAMIA, where Abram and 
 Sarai first settled on migrating from Ur of the Chaldees. 
 
 This also was the abiding habitation of NAIIOR and his de- 
 scendant^, when Abram, Sarai, and Lot crossed westward over 
 the Euphrates, into the land of the Canaanite. 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 d 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 :i 
 o 
 
 -p 
 
 o 
 
 rrk 
 
 ra ^ 
 
 ^ Oh 
 
 § 3 
 
 m HO 
 
 > 2 
 
 -P o 
 
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 m ^ 
 
 Sd 
 
 ^ o 
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 ^ g> 
 
 ^ > 
 
 =0 5) 
 
 «o 
 
 w 
 -p 
 
 Piazzi Smyth's measurements for the typical chambers and 
 galleries in the Great Pyramid, compared with the Hindu 
 symbolism for the earth ; as (c Jxll-shajfrd Lotus in /f.s nlutionto 
 Moil at Mini — considered as an invt.rtul cone — on Avhich was 
 the abode of their heavenly gods. 
 
 Hence, seeminc^ly, the comjjound symbolism of the Glasf^^ow 
 arms — received from Sfc Mungo — vi/. : 1, The bell; 2. The 
 fish, for the sun in fishes at the beginning of their year ; 
 3. The tree ot life, under a different name to each quadrant of 
 the equinoctial, even as the central river of Paradise flowed 
 into the surrounding ocean of salt water from four heads. 
 
 The Delta of tho Gan^os wiih it^ s^vf^n mouths^ symbolised 
 to the south-ca^t of Jaiii)ia iKvij -i — vi/ , to Bhurata Varsha. 
 
 But on thp Diap of E^y^t, the ^;uth-ea§t is typically ^.^iven 
 to// i t\-ji a in' i1 inf^nitfi'n ^ if tJi' 1'2 hihn^hts; adjoinin.,' to 
 Abyssinia, the Empire of Sheba, "Queen of the South" in 
 Solomon s day. 
 
 The outer lea\es of the Lotu^ are here numbered fur a quad- 
 rant of 0 hours to the weeks of G, 7, and 'J davb respectively. 
 
^ '^^ 
 
 O 
 
 P 
 
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 t-^ CD 
 
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 To Horeb by the passage of To tho midnight of Ismera 
 the Red Sea at Baal Z^photi. Exodus from Memphis. 
 
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 Manetho s XXX Dynasties of the Kings of E^7i»t, in. its relation to 
 their Cycle of Xil Kings from Ma3ris to Sethos ; ail of whom were also 
 Priests of Vulcan. 
 
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 o 
 
 
 CD 
 
 For our national emblem of the Lion and the Unicorn. 
 
 The Lion Westward to 
 Jacob's right hand, 
 <is given to Ephraira. 
 
 The Unicorn Eastward 
 to Joseph's left hand, 
 as given to Manas- 
 seh. Hence, seem- 
 ingly, the division 
 of that tribe east- 
 ward and westward. 
 
For our national emblem of the Lion 
 of an East and West Dial. 
 
 and the Unicom, to the hour-lines 
 
 The Sun's South Declination to 
 the Sun-Pharaohs of Egypt. For 
 the 50 sons of Egyptus to the 
 hours of an East Dial. 
 
 Hence their reckoning was east- 
 ward and westward to the South 
 in Capricorn; as to Manasseh in 
 Joseph's left hand towards Jacob's 
 right hand. 
 
 The Sun's North Declination to 
 the settlement of Israel in the land 
 of Goshen, or the Delta of the 
 Nile, northward in Egypt. For 
 the typical relation of the 50 
 daughters of Danaus to the 50 
 sons of Egyptus ; as of Lunars to 
 Solars. 
 
 Hence their reckoning (for the 
 hoiirs of a West Dial) was east- 
 ward and westward to the North 
 in Leo ; as to Ephraim in Joseph's 
 right hand towards Jacob's left. 
 
 Twice 50 and twice 40 to twice 90°, for the diameter of the circle 
 given to Hydra, dividing between the Dove and Eaven symbolism, for 
 ascending and descending light in the Noah's Ark lunar year of 300 
 days. 
 
 For the relation between Brahma's life of 100 years, and the diurnal 
 arc of an east and west dial, subsituting twice 50 for twice 45. 
 
 An attempt to verify Professor Piazzi Smyth's pyramid measure- 
 ment." from the symbolic geometry of the Vishnu Purana, and that of the 
 promises made- to Abraham and his seed, compared with the east and 
 west typical dialling of the ancient orientals, as referred to in Zech. xiv. 
 4-10. 
 
A CHINESE JUNK, 
 
 With the Eye of Providence on its prow, as of dialling relation to the typical structure of the ships of 
 TARSHISH which SOLOMON sent to OPHIR for GOLD, thereby BAALISTICALLY 
 corrupting the NOAH'S ARK dialling symbol of Jewish typical prophecy. 
 
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I 
 
The Theatre at -MACAO, from a umall Photoffraph, purchased at an Exhibition in London of Chinese Scenery, at a Gallery of Water-coloured Paintings, 
 
 by Hildebrandt, eirca 1865, iu Pall Mall. 
 
THE WINGED DISC; or, SERAPHIC EMBLEM OF THE ANCIENT EG-YPTIANS 
 To the Meridian of their East and West Typical Dialling, compared with 
 Piazzi Smyth's meridian section of the Great Pyramid. 
 
 On this typical division of the Ecliptic Northward and Southward to the East and West, 
 compare Gen. iii. 24 with Z.ech. xiv. on the Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem on 
 the East, being similarly tjpified to the Advent of Messiah, as the SUN of Righteousness." 
 
 SOUTH 
 
 The fiery sword which turned every way to guard (as unto G(k1) the way of the Tree of 
 Life given to the intersection of the Equator U> Enrtirs Axis, in the four Quadrants of their 
 East and West Dialling. 
 
Tlic decorated cross of the Anglican^ Church Calender, 
 as the fi(.*ry sword of Gen. iii. over the Cherubim 
 guarding the way of the Ti-et' of Life. 
 
West Side of a Dial for N. Lat. 54**, constructed like the 
 Greek-Egyptian Dial with Steps. 
 
 Earfcli's Axis for the 
 
 Inclined Dial 
 
 ^Por point 
 ot'liytt or 
 Slia^dovr 
 
 50 
 
 54 
 
 A 
 
FOE THE EXHIBITION TEACT. 
 
 The Alexandrine Dial verified, d(finitivehj, on the Scale of the Model made for 
 
 'me by Mr A. Hayes of the British Museum. 
 
THE MERIDIAN OF A DECLINING SOUTH VERTICAL DIAL, 
 Divided to the Snn's North Declination, as on the Seven Steps of the Greek-Eg3'ptian Dial. 
 
 O Centre for Lowest Curve. 
 
 320- 
 
 V, to Central Divisor of the ileridian, C M. 
 
 K to Central Divisor of tbe Vertical, L 0, to the ,377- 
 Horizontal, H O R, of an Upper Inclined East 
 Dial. ' ^ 
 
 B. to Central Divisor nf the Equator, 0 M. 441- - 
 
 508- 
 
 570-- 
 
 SI7- 
 
 Centre for Upper Curve. 
 
 For the Hours and Zodiacal Signs answering to 
 ■ these numbers, see the Table of Computations an- 
 nexed. 
 
 --63 5 
 
MEDEA D'ARLES 
 
THE PLANETARY AND EQUINOCTIAL DIALLING HOURS OF THE GREEK-EGYPTIAN DIAL, WITH STEPS, 
 
 Proved to be in Harmony with its typical design, as long since ascertained in itself, though only thus brought into 
 
 harmony with exact dialling laws. 
 
 Tliis Dialling compares 11 Planetary Honrs with 12 Equi 
 noctial hours, so distributed to tlie Circle circumscribed about 
 the square, that the hour going out at noonday, on tlinr east and 
 west Quadrant Dial, should he the Seventh Flanetari/ hour, to the 
 extent q/' 10 degrees. 
 
 N.B. — These Planetary Hours seem to have been taken (as above) on the Tangent line of 15°, as a mean between those 
 of 10 and 20 degrees of Radius of the Hour Circle. 
 
 Note also that (according to the testimony of Dr Rieu, keeper of the Sanscrit"MSS., in the British Museum) Vishnu was 
 worshipped in the month Sravana (when the Sun was in Cancer, and yet in some way connected with triangulum above Aries, 
 as TRIVIKRUM, or the three stepper), as then their divider of months and years into three instead of four seasons. 
 
The interlacing oi the two aquatic plants of Egypt, depicted on the thronea 
 of the Pharaohs, holds among the Egyptiaim the same rauk and importance that 
 the symbolic Tree of Life at Khorsabad does among the Assyrians. (See Bonomi, 
 p. 160, and compare Rev. xxii 1, 2, for the relation of the River of life to the 
 meridian on the East and West Dialling of the Anoient Orientals.) 
 
 The Lotna on symbol tteb. Lord Papyrus plants oo symbol of l&nd, 
 
 was the national emblem oi Upper or in a pool, were the emblem of 
 
 Egypt (BuoBon, vol 1, p 522) Tx)\^er Egypt and the Delta. 
 
 (?) The Janus of the Egyptians^ for the beginning of 
 their year southward at the winter tropic, as we calendar 
 the year on our Dials by the Trigon. — Copied from 
 Osborne^s Monumental Egypt/' vol. ii., p, 75. 
 
43^ is the angle of the Gnomon on Blackie's diagram, if correct. But 
 whether the copy of an antique, or (as I at first supposed) a south vertical for 
 London, there is ro evidence to shew ; unless the angle of 43° for the Gnomon 
 should indicate a form r.f the quadrant universal dial. 
 
 Thus, one latitude marking on the Alexandrine Dial is clearly 40°, the com- 
 plement of 50° ; or of 2 X 25", the then zodiacal angle. 
 
TROPIC OF CANCER 
 
/ 
 
 A 1 1 i 1 
 
 ARA&eiL.W20 
 
 The HoUmJO Horizontal Dial of the Ancients (from Fale^s Dialling, black-lettered, London, 
 A,D. 1593, printed (viz,, the copy to which reference is made) hy Felioc Kingstone, dwell- 
 ing in Pater Noster Row, 1652 ) in its relation to the Gfreeh-Egyptia/n Died wiih Steps. 
 
 This is here presumed to represent the ancientr Scaphe, or Boat-Dicd^^ of the Noah's 
 ark symbolism, though (to the J^est of my knowledge) we have no evidence of its' exact 
 form handed down to us, like that of the " Shield-Dial" discovered in the ruins of Her- 
 culaneum. 
 
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